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<div class='lgc' style=''> <!-- rend=';' -->
<p class='line' style='font-size:3em;'><span class='gesp'>A GLOSSARY</span></p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:1.5em;'>OF</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:2.5em;'>TUDOR AND STUART WORDS</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line'><span class='it'>ESPECIALLY FROM THE DRAMATISTS</span></p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line'>COLLECTED BY</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:2.5em;'>WALTER W. SKEAT</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>the University of Cambridge, 1878-1912</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line'>EDITED WITH ADDITIONS BY</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:2.5em;'>A. L. MAYHEW</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>M.A., Wadham College, Oxford</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line'>&#160;</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:1.5em;'><span class='gesp'>OXFORD</span></p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:1.5em;'>AT THE CLARENDON PRESS</p>
<p class='line'>1914</p>
</div> <!-- end rend -->

<hr class='pbk'/>

<div class='lgc' style='margin-top:3em;margin-bottom:3em;'> <!-- rend=';' -->
<p class='line'>OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>LONDON&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;EDINBURGH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GLASGOW&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NEW YORK</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>TORONTO&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MELBOURNE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BOMBAY</p>
<p class='line'>HUMPHREY MILFORD M.A.</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY</p>
</div> <!-- end rend -->

<p class='line' style='text-align:center;'><a href='#A'>A</a>&nbsp;<a href='#B'>B</a>&nbsp;<a href='#C'>C</a>&nbsp;<a href='#D'>D</a>&nbsp;<a href='#E'>E</a>&nbsp;<a href='#F'>F</a>&nbsp;<a href='#G'>G</a>&nbsp;<a href='#H'>H</a>&nbsp;<a href='#I'>I</a>&nbsp;<a href='#J'>J</a>&nbsp;<a href='#K'>K</a>&nbsp;<a href='#L'>L</a>&nbsp;<a href='#M'>M</a>&nbsp;<a href='#N'>N</a>&nbsp;<a href='#O'>O</a>&nbsp;<a href='#P'>P</a>&nbsp;<a href='#Q'>Q</a>&nbsp;<a href='#R'>R</a>&nbsp;<a href='#S'>S</a>&nbsp;<a href='#T'>T</a>&nbsp;<a href='#U'>U</a>&nbsp;<a href='#V'>V</a>&nbsp;<a href='#W'>W</a>&nbsp;<a href='#X'>X</a>&nbsp;<a href='#Y'>Y</a>&nbsp;<a href='#Z'>Z</a></p>
<p class='line' style='text-align:center;'><a href='#TN'>[Transcriber’s Notes]</a></p>

<div><h1>EDITOR’S PREFACE</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'>In the summer of 1910 I was staying at Llandrindod, and had
the pleasure of meeting there my old friend Professor Skeat.
Of course we had many a long talk about our favourite studies,
and about his literary plans. He was always planning some
literary task, for before he had finished one work, he had either
begun another, or had another in prospect. I said to him one
day, ‘You’re always working, do you ever find time for recreation?’
‘Well,’ he said, ‘when I want to amuse myself, I take
up some old play.’ This story explains the genesis of this book.</p>

<p class='pindent'>Like John Gilpin’s wife, it seems that though on pleasure he
was bent, he had a frugal mind. He did not forget business.
When reading Ben Jonson or Beaumont and Fletcher he had
pencil in hand, and whenever he came to a word that might
prove a stumbling-block to the general reader, he noted that
word, and eventually wrote it on a separate slip (note-paper
size) with exact reference and explanation. In July, 1911, in
Oxford, when we were together for the last time, the professor
told me about the book he was preparing—mainly consisting of
the words he had collected in reading the Tudor and Stuart
dramatists. He did not intend it to be a big book. When I
asked whether it would contain quotations like Nares’ Glossary,
he said it would contain only a few quotations, and those short
ones, and would consist mostly of explanations and references,
with brief etymologies. I heard no more of the book during
his lifetime. But frequent letters passed between us on the
etymologies of English words, many of which he was meeting
with in the material he was collecting. On October 6, 1912,
that eager, enthusiastic spirit passed away, to the regret of all
who work in the field of English philology, of all who love the
English tongue, wherever on this habitable globe they may
chance to live. Not long after, in November, I heard from
Mrs. Skeat that her husband had left material for a Glossary of
Rare Words, in slips amounting to nearly 7,000, arranged in
alphabetical order, and that Professor Skeat’s executors would
be very glad if I would be able to edit and prepare the work for
publication. I agreed to do this, on condition that the executors
should ask the advice of a pupil of Dr. Skeat, an eminent English
scholar, and also, of course, that the Delegates of the Clarendon
Press would consent to the arrangement. On December 4
I received a letter from the Clarendon Press, informing me
that the Delegates accepted my offer. A day or two after the box
containing the MS. arrived, and on December 9 I addressed
myself to the task. With the exception of a short intermission
in July, the work has had my continuous and undivided attention
for one year.</p>

<p class='pindent'>On examination of the MS. it appeared that, although Professor
Skeat had arranged the material in the form of a Glossary,
he had not put the finishing touches to the book (many slips
were practically duplicates or triplicates), and had not even
finally limited the scope: the title of the book was not settled.</p>

<p class='pindent'>And now it will be proper to state as clearly as possible what
the Editor thought it his duty to do in preparing his friend’s
work for publication. In the first place he did not think that
it fell within his province to make any considerable addition
to the Word-list. The Vocabulary remains much as Professor
Skeat left it. But it was found necessary, in going over the
work, to make additions in many articles, in order to explain
the history of the word, or to illustrate its meaning; connecting
links had to be supplied, where the meanings of a word apparently
had no connexion with one another. In this part of the
work the Editor found great help in the New English Dictionary;
and it will be seen that there is hardly a page of this book on
which there does not occur the significant abbreviation (NED.).
With the same help the definitions have been revised, and in
many cases made more definite and explicit in order to explain
the passage referred to. Professor Skeat’s plan was to give, as
a rule, only references; it has been thought advisable to add
many quotations, especially in cases where a quotation appeared
necessary to illustrate a rare meaning of a word. In order to
secure uniformity in arrangement many of the articles had
to be re-written. For the illustrative matter, outside the
literary English of the Tudor and Stuart period; the comparison
of Tudor and Stuart words with provincial words found
in the English Dialect Dictionary (EDD.); the exact references
to earlier English—Middle English (ME.) and Old English (OE.);
as well as the citation of cognate foreign forms, the Editor is
responsible. In giving this additional matter he believes that
he would have had the cordial approval of Professor Skeat,
and hopes that he has added to the usefulness of the book.</p>

<p class='pindent'>If I may be allowed I would end on a personal note. I have
thought it a great privilege to have been invited to complete
the work of one held in such honour and esteem as Professor
Skeat. And it has been a great pleasure to do something
which might show, however inadequately, my gratitude for
a friendship of nearly forty years. I wish the work that has
been done on his book had been better done; I wish that it
could have been undertaken by some one better equipped for
the task, by one who had a more intimate acquaintance with
the literature of the period dealt with. I hope that the imperfections
of the book as it leaves my hands will be treated
leniently. No one can be more conscious of them than he
who is now bidding farewell to the task.</p>

<p class='pindent'>I have been fortunate in obtaining the help of two scholars
who are masters of their subjects. My friend of many years,
Dr. Henry Bradley, one of the Editors of <span class='it'>The New English
Dictionary</span>, has taken an interest in the work from the first,
which has been most encouraging. His views of what had to
be done with the material I found, after I had made some
progress in my task, coincided with those I had independently
formed. He has most kindly read the proof-sheets throughout,
and has made many valuable suggestions which I have gladly
adopted. Mr. Percy Simpson, who has made a special study
of the dramatists of the period treated, and particularly of
Ben Jonson, has also kindly read the proof-sheets, and from
his familiarity with the textual criticism of these authors has
been able to correct some errors in the texts cited. I cannot
conclude without expressing my thanks to the ‘reader’ for the
accuracy with which the proof-sheets represented the MS., as
well as for his judicious and conscientious use of the blue
pencil.</p>

<p class='line' style='text-align:right;margin-right:2em;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.5em;'>A. L. MAYHEW.</p>
<p class='line' style='text-align:left;margin-left:2em;font-size:small;'><span class='sc'>Oxford</span>,</p>
<p class='line' style='text-align:left;margin-left:4em;font-size:small;'><span class='it'>Dec. 9, 1913</span>.</p>

<div><h1>BOOKS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK</h1></div>

<p class='hang'>Aasen, Ivar; Norsk Ordbog, 1873.</p>

<p class='hang'>Alphita, a Medico-Botanical Glossary, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota
Oxoniensia, 1887).</p>

<p class='hang'>Aneren Riwle, c. 1230; ed. J. Morton (Camden Soc., 1873).</p>

<p class='hang'>Anglo-Saxon Gospels, ed. W. W. Skeat. The Gospels in West-Saxon,
Northumbrian and Mercian Versions, 1871-87.</p>

<p class='hang'>Ascham, Roger; Toxophilus, 1545, ed. Arber, 1868.</p>

<p class='hang'>Awdeley, John; Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1565, ed. E. Viles and
F. J. Furnivall (EETS., extra series, 1869).</p>

<p class='hang'>Aydelotte, F.; Elizabethan Rogues and Vagabonds (Oxford Historical and
Literary Studies, vol. 1, 1913).</p>

<p class='hang'>Babee’s Book, 15th cent.; ed. F. J. Furnivall (EETS., 1868).</p>

<p class='hang'>Bacon, Francis; Essays, 1597, ed. W. Aldis Wright, 1871. Life of
Henry VII, 1621, ed. J. R. Lumby, 1876.</p>

<p class='hang'>Baldwyne, William; chief editor of the Mirrour for Magistrates, first issued
in 1559.</p>

<p class='hang'>Ballads. English and Scottish Popular Ballads, ed. from the Collection
of F. J. Child by H. C. Sargent and G. L. Kittredge, 1904.</p>

<p class='hang'>Barbour’s Bruce, 1375; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., 1870-7).</p>

<p class='hang'>Barclay, Alexander; Ship of Fools, 1508, a translation of Sebastian
Brandt’s <span class='it'>Narrenschiff</span>, c. 1494 (<span class='it'>Navis Stultifera</span>, 1488); ed. Jamieson, 1874.</p>

<p class='hang'>Bardsley, Charles W.; English Surnames, 1875.</p>

<p class='hang'>Baret, John; Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionary, 1580.</p>

<p class='hang'>Barnes, R.; Works, see Tyndale.</p>

<p class='hang'>Barnfield, Richard; The Affectionate Shepherd, 1594; ed. J. O. Halliwell
(Percy Soc., 1845).</p>

<p class='hang'>Bartsch, K., et A. Horning; La Langue et la Littérature françaises depuis
le ix<sup>e</sup> siècle jusqu’au xiv<sup>e</sup> siècle. Textes et Glossaire, 1887.</p>

<p class='hang'>Beaumont and Fletcher; Works, ed. G. Darley, 1859; also, ed. W. Gifford
with a Biographical Memoir (reprint, Routledge, 1860). [Francis Beaumont
born 1586, died 1615.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Berghaus, H.; Der Sprachschatz der Sassen, 1880-3.</p>

<p class='hang'>Berners, Lord (John Bourchier); tr. of the Chronicles of Froissart (Pynson,
1523). [Born 1467, died 1533.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Bibbesworth, Walter de; The Treatise, c. ann. 1325; printed in
Wright’s Vocabularies (ed. 2, 1882). This is probably the correct spelling,
not ‘Biblesworth’. See Wright, Thomas.</p>

<p class='hang'>Bible, English. Authorised Version, 1611 (exact reprint. Clarendon Press,
1911).</p>

<p class='hang'>Bible Word-Book; see Wright, W. A.</p>

<p class='hang'>Blount, Thomas; Glossographia, a Dictionary of hard words, 1656; ed. 3,
1670.</p>

<p class='hang'>Boke of St. Albans, printed in 1486; facsimile reprint, 1881. Contains
a Book on Hawking, a Book on Hunting (by Dame Juliana Barnes), and
a Book on Coat-Armour.</p>

<p class='hang'>Bosworth and Toller (B. T.). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary begun by
J. Bosworth, and completed by T. N. Toller, 1882-98.</p>

<p class='hang'>Boyle, Roger (Earl of Orrery); Parthenissa, 1676; Guzman, c. 1679;
Mr. Anthony, 1689.</p>

<p class='hang'>Bozon, Nicole; Les Contes Moralisés, c. 1350; ed. L. Toulmin Smith and
Paul Moyer, 1889.</p>

<p class='hang'>Brand, John; Observations on Popular Antiquities, 1813; Arranged and
revised by H. Ellis; reprint, 1887 (Chatto and Windus).</p>

<p class='hang'>Brathwaite (or Braithwait), Richard; <span class='it'>Barnabae Itinerarium</span> (Drunken
Barnaby’s Four Journeys), Latin and English, ed. 1, 1648; reprint,
1822.</p>

<p class='hang'>Brewer, Antony; Dramatist, fl. 1655. [To him was formerly ascribed
‘<span class='it'>Lingua</span>, or the Combat of the Five Senses for Superiority, 1607’;
see DNB.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Brome, Alexander; Poet, Satirist, and Dramatist; Wks. ed. 1873. [Born
1620, died 1666.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Browne, Sir Thomas; Works, ed. S. Wilkin. 1852 (Bohn’s Standard
Library).</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Religio Medici and Christian Morals, ed. by W. A. Greenhill; 1881.
[Born 1640, died 1680.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Browne, William; Britannia Pastorals, see English Poets. [Born 1590,
died c. 1645.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Brunne, Robert of; Handlyng Synne, c. 1303; ed. F. J. Furnivall
(Roxburghe Club, 1862).</p>

<p class='hang'>Bullokar, John; An English Expositor, by J. B., 1616; sixth ed., 1680.</p>

<p class='hang'>Bunyan, John; Pilgrim’s Progress, First Part, 1678.</p>

<p class='hang'>Burton, Robert; Anatomy of Melancholy, 1621.</p>

<p class='hang'>Butler, Samuel; Poems, ed. R. Bell, 1855; Hudibras, ed. H. G. Bohn,
1871. [Born 1612, died 1680.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Calisch, J. M.; Nederlandsch-Engelsch en Engelsch-Nederlandsch
Woordenboek, 1875.</p>

<p class='hang'>Campion, Thomas; poems printed first in 1595; ed. Bullen, 1889.</p>

<p class='hang'>Cartwright, William; Preacher, Poet, Dramatist. [Born 1611, died 1643.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Catholicon Anglicum, 1483; ed. Herrtage, EETS., 1881.</p>

<p class='hang'>Caxton, William; The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, c. 1474; reprint
by H. O. Sommer, 1894.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Game of the Chesse, printed in 1474; facsimile of the 2nd ed.,
V. Figgins, 1860.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— see Reynard.</p>

<p class='hang'>Chanson de Roland; Bodleian MS., c. 1180; ed. L. Gautier, 1881.</p>

<p class='hang'>Chapman, George; Dramatic Works, ed. 1873. The Iliad of Homer, 1611;
Odyssey, 1614; Chapman’s Homer, ed. R. Hooper, 1857; R. H. Shepherd,
1875.</p>

<p class='hang'>Chaucer, Geoffrey; Complete Works; ed. W. W. Skeat, 1894. [Born 1328,
died 1400.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Child, F. J.; see Ballads.</p>

<p class='hang'>Chronicle, Anglo-Saxon; ed. C. Plummer and J. Earle, 1892-9.</p>

<p class='hang'>Cocke Lorell’s Bote, a humorous and sarcastic poem, printed by Wynkyn
de Worde, c. 1515; ed. 1843.</p>

<p class='hang'>Coles, Elisha; English Dictionary, 1677.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Dictionary, English-Latin and Latin-English, fourth ed. enlarged,
1699.</p>

<p class='hang'>Congreve, William; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1670, died
1729.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Cook, A. S.; Biblical Quotations in Old English Prose Writers, 1898.</p>

<p class='hang'>Cooper, T.; Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae, 1565.</p>

<p class='hang'>Cotgrave, Randle; A French and English Dictionary. First edition 1611.
The edition of 1673 is the one usually cited.</p>

<p class='hang'>Court of Love, a late poem first printed with Chaucer’s Works, 1561; reprinted
in Chaucerian and Other Poems, ed. by W. W. Skeat, 1897.</p>

<p class='hang'>Coverdale, Miles; Translator of the Bible; first printed in 1535.</p>

<p class='hang'>Cowell, John; The Interpreter of Words and Terms, 1607; ed. 1637; also
ed. augmented and improved, 1701.</p>

<p class='hang'>Cursor Mundi, c. 1300; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1874-92).</p>

<p class='hang'>Dähnert, J. C.; Platt-Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1781.</p>

<p class='hang'>Davenant, Sir William; Dramatist and Poet-Laureate, see English Poets.
[Born 1605, died 1668.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Davies, T. L. O.; A Supplementary English Glossary, 1881.</p>

<p class='hang'>Dekker, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. by E. Rhys, 1873. [Born c. 1570,
died c. 1637.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Delesalle, Georges; Dictionnaire d’Argot Français, 1896.</p>

<p class='hang'>Destruction of Troy, c. 1390; ed. G. A. Panton and D. Donaldson (EETS.
1869 and 1874).</p>

<p class='hang'>Dialoge Gregoire lo Pape, 12th cent.; ed. Foerster, 1876.</p>

<p class='hang'>Dict.: Etymological Dictionary of the English Language by W. W. Skeat,
ed. 4, 1910.</p>

<p class='hang'>Dict. M. &amp; S.: A Concise Dictionary of Middle English, by A. L. Mayhew
and W. W. Skeat, 1888.</p>

<p class='hang'>Dictionarium Rusticum Urbanicum et Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726.</p>

<p class='hang'>Didot: Glossaire Français de Ducange, dans l’édition du Glossarium
publiée par M. Ambroise Firmin Didot, 1887.</p>

<p class='hang'>Digby, George, Earl of Bristol; Elvira, a Comedy. [Born 1612, died
1676.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Dinneen, P. S.; An Irish-English Dictionary, 1904.</p>

<p class='hang'>Dodsley, Robert; A Select Collection of Old English Plays, originally
published 1780; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1876.</p>

<p class='hang'>Dozy, R.; Glossaire des Mots espagnols et portugais dérivés de l’Arabe;
ed. W. H. Engelmann, Leyde, 1869.</p>

<p class='hang'>Drant, Thomas; tr. of Horace, Satires, 1566.</p>

<p class='hang'>Drayton, Michael; Poems; see English Poets. [Born 1563, died 1631.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Drummond, William, of Hawthornden; Cypresse Grove, 1623.</p>

<p class='hang'>Dryden, John; Poetical Works, ed. 1851. [Born 1631, died 1701.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Ducange: Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis, conditum a Carolo
du Fresne, Domino Du Cange; ed. Henschel, 1883-7.</p>

<p class='hang'>Dunbar, W.; Poems, ed. Small and Gregor (Scottish Text Soc., 1883-93).
[floruit 1500.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Earle, John; Micro-cosmographie, 1628; ed. Arber, 1868.</p>

<p class='hang'>Earle, John; A Hand-book to the Land-Charters and other Saxonic
Documents, 1888.</p>

<p class='hang'>Echard, Laurence; tr. of Plautus, 1694.</p>

<p class='hang'>EDD.: English Dialect Dictionary, with English Dialect Grammar, edited
by Dr. Joseph Wright, 1905.</p>

<p class='hang'>Eden, R.; The First Three English Books on America, 1511-55; ed. Arber,
1885.</p>

<p class='hang'>Edwards, Richard; Damon and Pithias, 1564; in Dodsley’s Old English
Plays.</p>

<p class='hang'>Elyot, Sir Thomas; The Boke named The Governour, 1531; ed. H. H. S.
Croft, 1883.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— The Castel of Helthe, 1533 (ed. 1539).</p>

<p class='hang'>English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper, ed. A. Chalmers, 1810. 21 vols.</p>

<p class='hang'>Estienne, Henri; La Précellence du Langage François, 1579; ed. Huguet,
1896.</p>

<p class='hang'>Etherege, Sir George; Dramatist. [Born 1635.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Fabyan, Robert; Chronicles of England and France; ed. Henry Ellis,
1811. [Died 1512.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Fairfax, Edward; Godfrey of Bulloigno or the Recoverie of Hierusalem,
1600, a translation of Tasso’s poem.</p>

<p class='hang'>Fanfani, Pietro; Vocabolario della Lingua Italiana, 1898.</p>

<p class='hang'>Farquhar, George; Dramatist; Works, ed. 1840. [Born 1678, died 1707.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Ferrex and Porrex; see Gorboduc.</p>

<p class='hang'>Field, Nathaniel; Dramatist [floruit 1610].</p>

<p class='hang'>Fitzhorbert, John F.; Book of Husbandry, 1534; ed. W. W. Skeat
(Eng. Dialect Soc., 1882).</p>

<p class='hang'>Fletcher, John; Dramatist. [Born 1576, died 1625.] See Beaumont.</p>

<p class='hang'>Florio, John; A Worlde of Wordes, Dictionarie in Italian and English,
1598.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Italian and English Dictionary, and English and Italian Dictionary,
by G. Torriano, ed. 1688. This is the edition usually cited.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— tr. of the Essays of Montaigne, 1603.</p>

<p class='hang'>Ford, John; Plays; ed. W. Gifford, 1827. [Born 1586, died 1639.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Foxe, John; Acts and Monuments (Book of Martyrs), 1563.</p>

<p class='hang'>Franck, J.; Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, 1892.</p>

<p class='hang'>Fritzner, Johan; Ordbog over det gamle norske Sprog, 1883.</p>

<p class='hang'>Gamelyn, the Tale of; 14th cent.; ed. Skeat, 1893.</p>

<p class='hang'>Gascoigne, George; Poet and Dramatist. Works, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, 1869.
[Born c. 1536, died 1577.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Genesis and Exodus, c. 1250; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1865).</p>

<p class='hang'>Geneva Bible (English), 1562.</p>

<p class='hang'>Godefroy, F.; Dictionnaire de l’Ancienne Langue Française et de tous ses
Dialectes du ix<sup>e</sup> au xv<sup>e</sup> siècle, 1881-1902.</p>

<p class='hang'>Godwin, Francis, Bishop of Hereford; Man in the Moone, ed. 1638. [Born
1561, died 1633.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Golding, Arthur, tr. of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, 1567; ed. 1603.</p>

<p class='hang'>Googe, Barnaby; The Zodiac of Life, 1560-5; The Popish Kingdome, 1570;
Four Bokes of Husbandrie, tr. from Heresbach.</p>

<p class='hang'>Gorbodue, The Tragedy of, by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton, produced
1561, printed 1565; authorized ed. 1571, under the name of Ferrex
and Porrex.</p>

<p class='hang'>Gosson, Stephen; The School of Abuse, 1579; ed. Arber, 1868.</p>

<p class='hang'>Gouldman, F.; A copious dictionary (Latin-English), founded on Holyoak,
1678.</p>

<p class='hang'>Gower, John; Complete Works; ed. G. C. Macaulay, 1902. [Died 1402.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Greene, Robert; The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Rob. Greene and
Geo. Peele; ed. A. Dyce, 1883. [Born 1560, died 1592.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Grieb-Schröer; Englisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch,
1902.</p>

<p class='hang'>Grimald, Nicholas; Poet; translator of ‘Tully’s Offices’. [Born c. 1519,
died 1562.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Grimm, Jacob; Teutonic Mythology; tr. by J. S. Stallybrass, 1880-8.</p>

<p class='hang'>Grose, Francis; A Provincial Glossary with a Collection of Local Proverbs
and Popular Superstitions, ed. 2, 1790.</p>

<p class='hang'>Habington, William; Castara, 1640; ed. Arber.</p>

<p class='hang'>Hall, Edward; Chronicle; printed by Grafton, 1548; ed. 1809. [Died
1547.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich; Satires in Six Books, 1598; ed. 1753.</p>

<p class='hang'>Halliwell, J. O.; A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words; Fifth
edition, 1865.</p>

<p class='hang'>Hampole, Richard Rolle of; The Psalms of David, c. 1330; ed. H. R.
Bramley, 1884.</p>

<p class='hang'>Harington, Sir John; Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, 1591;
in English Poets.</p>

<p class='hang'>Harman, Thomas; A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursetors, vulgarly
called Vagabones, 1566, ed. E. Viles and F. J. Furnivall (EETS., extra
series, 1869).</p>

<p class='hang'>Harrison, William; A Description of England, edited from the first two
editions of Holinshed’s Chronicle, 1577, 1587, by F. J. Furnivall (New
Shakspere Society, 1878).</p>

<p class='hang'>Hatzfeld: Dictionnaire de la Langue Française, par MM. A. Hatzfeld,
A. Darmesteter, et A. Thomas, 1890-6.</p>

<p class='hang'>Hawes, Stephen; Passetyme of Pleasure, c. 1506; reprinted for the Percy
Soc., 1846.</p>

<p class='hang'>Hazlitt, W. Carew; Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of England,
1864-6.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— see Dodsley.</p>

<p class='hang'>Hearne, Thomas; Reliquiae Hearnianae (ed. P. Bliss, 1857). [Born 1678,
died 1735.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Hellowes, Edward; Familiar Epistles of Sir Anthonie of Guevara, 1574.</p>

<p class='hang'>Herbert, George; The Temple, 1633; facsimile reprint, 1885.</p>

<p class='hang'>Herbert, Sir Thomas; Travels, 1665; ed. 1677.</p>

<p class='hang'>Hero and Leander, a paraphrase of the poem ascribed to Musaeus by
Marlowe, completed by Chapman, 1598; see NED. (s.v. Imperance).</p>

<p class='hang'>Herrick, Robert; Poetical Works; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1869. [Born
1591, died 1674.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Hexham, H.; A large Netherdutch and English Dictionarie, Rotterdam,
1648.</p>

<p class='hang'>Heylin, Peter; Microcosmus, 1621.</p>

<p class='hang'>Heywood, John; English Proverbs, 1546; ed. John S. Farmer, 1906.</p>

<p class='hang'>Heywood, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. 1874. [Temp. Elizabeth-Charles I.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Hoccleve (or Occleve), Thomas; De Regimine Principum, 14th cent.; ed.
by T. Wright (Roxburghe Club, 1860).</p>

<p class='hang'>Holinshed, Ralph; Chronicles. Reprint of first ed., 1577-87.</p>

<p class='hang'>Holland, Philemon; tr. of Pliny’s Natural History, 1634.</p>

<p class='hang'>Howell, James; Epistolae Ho-Elianae, Familiar Letters; ed. 5, 1678.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Instructions for Foreign Travel, 1642 (ed. Arber, 1868). [Born c.
1594, died 1666.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Huloet, Richard; Abecedarium Anglo-Latinum, 1552.</p>

<p class='hang'>Icelandic Dictionary: Cleasby and Vigfusson, Oxford, 1874.</p>

<p class='hang'>Johnson, Samuel; Dictionary of the English Language, 1755.</p>

<p class='hang'>Jonson, Ben; Works, ed. Gifford; reprint, 1860. [Born 1574, died 1637.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Joyce, P. W.; English as we Speak it in Ireland, 1910.</p>

<p class='hang'>Kilian, C.; Old Dutch Dictionary, 1777.</p>

<p class='hang'>King Alisaunder; see Weber’s Metrical Romances.</p>

<p class='hang'>King Horn, The Geste of, c. 1250; ed. Lumby (EETS., 1867).</p>

<p class='hang'>Kluge, F.; Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache, ed. 5, 1894.</p>

<p class='hang'>Koolman, J.; Wörterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache, 1884. [The dialect
is not E. Frisian; it is a variety of Low German.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Kyd, Thomas; Spanish Tragedy, 1592; ed. J. Schick, 1901.</p>

<p class='hang'>La Curne de Sainte-Palaye; Dictionnaire historique de l’ancien langage
françois, 10 vols., 1882.</p>

<p class='hang'>Latimer, Hugh; Seven Sermons before Edward VI, 1549; ed. Arber, 1869.
[Died Oct. 16, 1555.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Levy, E.; Petit Dictionnaire Provençal-Français, 1909.</p>

<p class='hang'>Lexer, Matthias; Mittelhoehdeutsches Handwörterbuch, 1872-8.</p>

<p class='hang'>Lindisfarne Gospels, the Northumbrian version; see Anglo-Saxon Gospels.</p>

<p class='hang'>Littré, É.; Dictionnaire de la Langue Française, 1877.</p>

<p class='hang'>Locrine, Tragedy of; authorship doubtful, perhaps by Thomas Kyd.</p>

<p class='hang'>Lydgate, John; The Storie of Thebes, printed 1561.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Temple of Glas; ed. Dr. J. Schick (EETS., extra series, 1891).
[Born c. 1370, died c. 1460.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Lyly, John; Euphues, 1580; ed. Arber, 1868.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Dramatic Works; ed. F. W. Fairholt, 1856. [Born c. 1553, died 1606.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Machin, Lewis; Play-writer. The Dumbe Knight, 1608 (in collaboration
with Gervase Markham); see NED. (s.v. Mountcent).</p>

<p class='hang'>Malory, Sir Thomas; Le Morte Arthur, 1485; printed by Caxton; exact
reprint, ed. H. O. Sommer, 1889-91.</p>

<p class='hang'>Manchester, Earl of (Sir Henry Montagu); Manchester Al Mondo, 1633;
reprinted from the fourth impression (1638-9), Frowde, 1902.</p>

<p class='hang'>Marlowe, Christopher; Works, ed. F. Cunningham, 1870; ed. C. F.
Tucker Brooke, 1910. [Born 1564, died 1593.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Marmion, Shakerley; Poet and Dramatist. [Born 1602, died 1639.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Marston, John; Works; ed. J. O. Halliwell, 1856. His first work, Scourge
of Villanie, printed in 1598.</p>

<p class='hang'>Martin, E., and Lienhart, H.; Wörterbuch der elsässischen Mundarten.</p>

<p class='hang'>Marvell, Andrew; Poet, Satirist in prose and verse. [Born 1620, died
1678.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Massinger, Philip; Plays; ed. F. Cunningham, 1868. [Born 1584, died
1640.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Mayne, Jasper (Archdeacon); Play-writer, The City Match, printed 1639,
and The Amorous War, printed 1648.</p>

<p class='hang'>Merlin, a Prose Romance, c. 1440; ed. H. B. Wheatley (EETS., 1869);
Pt. iv, ed. W. E. Mead (EETS., 1899).</p>

<p class='hang'>Middleton, T.; Plays, ed. H. Ellis (Mermaid Series). [Born 1570, died
1627.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Milton, John; Paradise Lost, 1665; Paradise Regained, and Samson
Agonistes, 1671. [Born 1608, died 1674.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Minsheu, J.; The Guide into the Tongues, 1617; ed. 2, 1627.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— A Dictionary in Spanish and English, 1623.</p>

<p class='hang'>Mirrour for Magistrates, a collection of poems to which T. Sackville, Lord
Buckhurst, contributed ‘The Induction’, and ‘The Complaint’, 1559-63;
ed. Jos. Hazlewood, 1815. See Baldwyne; Sackville.</p>

<p class='hang'>Moisy, Henri; Glossaire Anglo-Normand. Caen. 1895.</p>

<p class='hang'>More, Sir T.; Works, printed in 1557. [Died 1535.]</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Utopia, tr. by R. Robynson, 1551; ed. Arber, 1869; ed. Lumby, 1879.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Richard III; ed. Lumby, 1882.</p>

<p class='hang'>Morte Arthur; see Malory.</p>

<p class='hang'>Morte Arthure (an alliterative poem); c. 1440; ed. E. Brock (EETS., 1865.)</p>

<p class='hang'>Munday, Anthony; Play-writer, ballad-writer, and pamphleteer; The
Mirror of Mutabilitie, or Principal Part of the Mirrour of Magistrates:
Selected out of the Sacred Scriptures.</p>

<p class='hang'>Nabbes, Thomas; Dramatist; Microcosmus, 1637.</p>

<p class='hang'>Napier, A. S.; Old English Glosses (Anecdota Oxoniensia, 1900).</p>

<p class='hang'>Nares, Robert; A Glossary to the Works of English Authors, particularly
Shakespeare and his contemporaries, 1822; a new ed. by J. O. Halliwell
and Thomas Wright, 1859, reprinted 1876. [Born 1753, died 1829.]</p>

<p class='hang'>NED.; The New English Dictionary. Editors, Sir James Murray, Dr. Henry
Bradley, and Dr. William Craigie. The Clarendon Press, Oxford.</p>

<p class='hang'>North, Sir Thomas; Translation of Plutarch’s Lives, 1595.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Shakespeare’s Plutarch, being a Selection from North’s Plutarch, by
W. W. Skeat, 1875.</p>

<p class='hang'>Norton, Thomas; Collaborator with Thomas Sackville in writing the first
English tragedy of <span class='it'>Gorboduc</span>, 1561; and of Sternhold and Hopkins, in a
version of the Psalms, 1562. Translator of Calvin’s Institutes, 1561.</p>

<p class='hang'>Notes on English Etymology, W. W. Skeat, 1901.</p>

<p class='hang'>Occleve; see Hoccleve.</p>

<p class='hang'>O’Curry, E.; Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish, 3 vols., 1873.</p>

<p class='hang'>Oldest English Texts; ed. H. Sweet (EETS., 1886).</p>

<p class='hang'>Oldham, John; Poetical Works, ed. by Robert Bell, 1871. [Born 1653,
died 1683.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Oxford Records: Selections from the Records of the City of Oxford,
1509-83; ed. W. H. Turner, 1880.</p>

<p class='hang'>Palsgrave, Jehan; Lesclaircissement de la Langue Françoyse, 1530;
reprint, Paris, 1852.</p>

<p class='hang'>Paston Letters, 1422-1509; ed. J. Gairdner, 1872-5.</p>

<p class='hang'>Paul, H.; Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1897.</p>

<p class='hang'>Peele, George; Dramatic and Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1839. [Died
1597.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Pepys, Samuel; Diary, 1659-69; ed. Lord Braybrooke.</p>

<p class='hang'>Phaer, Thomas; The Nyne First Books of the Æneid of Virgil, 1562; the
translation was finished by Twyne. [Born c. 1510, died 1560.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Phillips, Edward; The New World of Words, or Universal English
Dictionary, 1706.</p>

<p class='hang'>Piers Plowman, 1362-1400; ed. W. W. Skeat, with Notes and Glossary,
1877-84.</p>

<p class='hang'>Plantin, Christophe; Thesaurus Theutonicae Linguae, 1573.</p>

<p class='hang'>Plowman’s Tale, The, c. 1400; printed in The Works of Jeffrey Chaucer,
ed. Th. Speght, 1687; reprinted in Political Poems and Songs; see
below.</p>

<p class='hang'>Political Poems and Songs, ed. Thomas Wright (Rolls Series, 1859-61).</p>

<p class='hang'>Pollard, A. W.; English Miracle Plays, Moralities and Interludes, 1890.</p>

<p class='hang'>Prompt.: Promptorium Parvulorun, c. 1440; ed. A. Way (Camden Soc.,
1843-65); also, A. L. Mayhew (EETS., extra series, CII, 1908).</p>

<p class='hang'>Proverbs. A Handbook of Proverbs, collected by H. G. Bohn, containing
Ray’s Collection, with Large Additions, 1870.</p>

<p class='hang'>Proverbs. Early English Proverbs, collected by W. W. Skeat, 1910.</p>

<p class='hang'>Proverbs of Hendyng, 1272-1307; printed in Reliquiae Antiquae (ed.
Wright and Halliwell), and in J. M. Kemble’s Appendix to ‘The
Dialogues of Salomon and Saturn’ (Ælfric Society, 1848).</p>

<p class='hang'>Psalter (Anglo-Norman), 12th cent.; ed. by F. Michel from a Bodleian MS.,
Oxford, 1850.</p>

<p class='hang'>Psalter of the Great Bible, 1539; ed. John Earle, 1894.</p>

<p class='hang'>Psalter, Old English; see Vespasian Psalter.</p>

<p class='hang'>Puttenham, G.; The Arte of English Poesie, 1589; ed. Arber, 1869.</p>

<p class='hang'>Quarles, Francis; Argalus and Parthenia, 1621; Emblems Divine and
Moral, 1635.</p>

<p class='hang'>Rabelais, Œuvres de, avec un Glossaire par M. Pierre Jannet, 1874.</p>

<p class='hang'>Randolph, Thomas; Dramatist; The Muses’ Looking-Glass, 1638.</p>

<p class='hang'>Ray, John; A Collection of English Proverbs, 1670; ed. 5, H. G. Bohn,
1870.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— A Collection of English Words, 2nd ed. 1691; rearranged and edited
by W. W. Skeat (EDS., 1874).</p>

<p class='hang'>Return from Parnassus, The; Pt. i acted in Cambridge, 1601; ed. W. D.
Macray, 1886; Pt. ii, acted 1602. The whole edited by Arber, 1870.</p>

<p class='hang'>Reynard the Fox, translated and printed by William Caxton, 1481;
ed. Arber, 1878.</p>

<p class='hang'>Richard the Redeles, printed with the C text of Piers the Plowman; ed.
W. W. Skeat, 1886.</p>

<p class='hang'>Rietz, J. E.; Svenskt Dialekt-Lexicon, 1867.</p>

<p class='hang'>Robert of Gloucester’s Chronicle, c. 1298; ed. T. Hearne, 1724; reprinted,
1810; ed. W. Aldis Wright (Rolls Series, 1887).</p>

<p class='hang'>Robynson, Raphe; tr. of More’s Utopia, 2nd ed. 1556; ed. J. R. Lumby,
1879; ed. Arber. See More, Sir T.</p>

<p class='hang'>Rogers, Daniel; Divine Naaman the Syrian, 1642.</p>

<p class='hang'>Roister Doister, see Udall.</p>

<p class='hang'>Rollo, Richard, of Hampole; died 1349; see Hampole.</p>

<p class='hang'>Romaunt of the Rose. A translation of the French Roman de la Rose;
Part A by Chaucer; Part B in Northern (Lincoln) dialect; Part C of
unknown origin; ed. Skeat (Student’s Chaucer).</p>

<p class='hang'>Rönsch, Hermann; Itala und Vulgata, 1875 (Die Römische Volkssprache).</p>

<p class='hang'>Roquette, J. I.; Dictionnaire Portugais-Français, Paris, 1855.</p>

<p class='hang'>Rough List: of English Words found in Anglo-French, in Skeat’s Notes on
English Etymology, 1901.</p>

<p class='hang'>Rowley, William; Comedian and Playwright. A Search for Money;
or the Lamentable Complaint for the Losse of the Wandering Knight,
Monsieur l’Argent, 1609.</p>

<p class='hang'>Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst [born 1536, died 1608]; see Gorboduc,
Mirrour for Magistrates. Works ed. by R. W. Sackville-West, 1859.</p>

<p class='hang'>Sainéan, L.; L’Argot ancien, 1907.</p>

<p class='hang'>Sandys, George; A Relation of a Journey, 1610; ed. 3, 1632.</p>

<p class='hang'>Schade, Oskar; Altdeutsches Wörterbuch, 1872-82.</p>

<p class='hang'>Schmid, Johann Christoph von; Schwäbisches Wörterbuch, 1844.</p>

<p class='hang'>Schmidt, Alexander; Shakespeare-Lexicon, 1874-5.</p>

<p class='hang'>Sewel, W.; Dictionary, English and Dutch, Dutch and English, 1727;
ed. 5, 1754; augmented and improved by Egbert Buys, 1766.</p>

<p class='hang'>Shadwell, Thomas; Dramatist, Poet Laureate. [Born 1640, died 1692.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Shakespeare. The Globe Edition; ed. by W. G. Clark and W. Aldis
Wright, 1864. References generally as in Schmidt’s Lexicon. His
Dramas and Poems are referred to by the name of the Play or Poem
alone.</p>

<p class='hang'>Sherwood, Robert (‘Londoner’); A Dictionary. English and French, 1672
(serves as an English index to Cotgrave, ed. 1673).</p>

<p class='hang'>Shirley, James; Dramatic Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1833. [Born c. 1594, died
1666.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Sidney, Sir Philip; Arcadia, 1581, published 1590; Apology for Poetrie,
1595; ed. Arber, 1868.</p>

<p class='hang'>Sin. Barth.: Sinonyma Bartholomei, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota
Oxoniensia, 1887).</p>

<p class='hang'>Skelton, John; Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1843. [Born c. 1460, died
1529.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Skinner, S.; Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae, 1671.</p>

<p class='hang'>Spenser: The Complete Works of Edmund Spenser. The Globe edition,
ed. by R. Morris. Shepherds’ Calendar [Shep. Kal.], 1579; Faery Queen
[F. Q.], 1590-6.</p>

<p class='hang'>Stanford: The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases; ed.
C. A. M. Fennell, 1892.</p>

<p class='hang'>Stanyhurst, Richard; tr. of Aeneid, bks. i-iv, 1582; ed. Arber, 1880.</p>

<p class='hang'>Stevens, John; Spanish and English Dictionary, 1706.</p>

<p class='hang'>Stow, John; Survey of London, 1598; ed. Thoms, 1842.</p>

<p class='hang'>Strutt, Joseph; The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, 1801;
ed. W. Horne, 1834.</p>

<p class='hang'>Stubbes, Philip; Anatomy of the Abuses in England, 1583; ed. F. J.
Furnivall, 1877-9.</p>

<p class='hang'>Student’s Pastime, A; Selections of Articles reprinted from ‘Notes and
Queries’, by W. W. Skeat, 1896.</p>

<p class='hang'>Surrey, Earl of (Henry Howard) [died 1547]. Poems; in Tottel’s Miscellany.</p>

<p class='hang'>Sweet, Henry; The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon, 1897.</p>

<p class='hang'>Tarlton, Richard; Satirist; Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, publ. 1590.
[Died 1588.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Thersites, An Interlude, first performed in August, 1537; 1st ed. c. 1560;
reprinted 1820, included in Hazlitt’s ed. of Dodsley’s Old English Plays;
extracts printed in English Miracle Plays, ed. A. W. Pollard, 1890.</p>

<p class='hang'>Thomas, Antoine; Essais de Philologie Française, 1897.</p>

<p class='hang'>Tomkis (or Tomkys), Thomas; Plays in Hazlitt’s Dodsley. Albumazar,
1615.</p>

<p class='hang'>Topsell, Edward; The History of four-footed Beasts and Serpents,
1608.</p>

<p class='hang'>Tottel, Richard; Printer of Tottel’s Miscellany, a collection of verses,
known in society, but never before published, by the Earl of Surrey,
Sir Thomas Wyatt, and others, 1557; ed. Arber, 1870.</p>

<p class='hang'>Tourneur, Cyril; Plays and Poems; ed. J. Churton Collins, 1878. [Born
c. 1575, died 1626.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Towneley Mysteries, c. 1450; printed for Surtees Soc., 1836; also ed.
G. England and A. W. Pollard (EETS., extra series, 1897).</p>

<p class='hang'>Trench, Richard C. (Archbishop); Select Glossary, ed. 7, 1890 (revised by
A. L. Mayhew).</p>

<p class='hang'>Trevisa, John of; Translation of Higden’s Polychronicon, 1387; ed.
J. R. Lumby (Rolls Series, 1865-6).</p>

<p class='hang'>Tuke, Sir Samuel; Dramatist. Adventures of Five Hours, 1663; in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley.</p>

<p class='hang'>Turbervile, George; see English Poets.
—— Booke of Venerie [Hunting], 1575.</p>

<p class='hang'>Tusser, Thomas; Five hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie; first ed. 1573;
ed. Payne and Herrtage (EDS., 1878).</p>

<p class='hang'>Twyne, Thomas; Completion of Phaer’s translation of the Aeneid, 1573.</p>

<p class='hang'>Tyndale, William; The Whole Workes of W. Tyndale, John Frith, and
Doctor Barnes, printed by John Daye, 1572. Tyndale’s Translation of
the New Testament into English was first printed in 1525.</p>

<p class='hang'>Udall, Nicholas; Roister Doister, c. 1553; ed. Arber, 1869. Translation of
the Apophthegmes of Erasmus, 1532.</p>

<p class='hang'>Vanbrugh, Sir John; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1666, died
1726.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Vespasian Psalter, the OE. (Mercian) interlinear version, printed in ‘Oldest
English Texts’ (q.v.).</p>

<p class='hang'>Voc.: Wright’s Old English Vocabularies; ed. Wülcker, 1884; see also
Wright, Thomas.</p>

<p class='hang'>Warner, William; Albion’s England, 1586; see English Poets.</p>

<p class='hang'>Weber’s Metrical Romances, 1810. Vol. 1 contains King Alisaunder,
c. 1310.</p>

<p class='hang'>Webster, John; Works; ed. A. Dyce; new ed. 1857. [Born 1607, died
1661.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Weigand, Friedrich; Deutsches Wörterbuch; ed. 3, 1878.</p>

<p class='hang'>Westward Ho, a play by Dekker and Webster, 1607.</p>

<p class='hang'>Wever, R.; An Enterlude called Lusty Juventus, 1550.</p>

<p class='hang'>Wilkins, George; Miseries of Inforst Marriage, 1607; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
ix. 533.</p>

<p class='hang'>William of Palerne, The Romance of, c. 1350; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS.,
1867).</p>

<p class='hang'>Withals, John; A Short Dictionarie for yonge beginners, 1556.</p>

<p class='hang'>Worlidge, J.; Dictionarium Rusticum, 1681.</p>

<p class='hang'>Wright, Thomas; A Volume of Vocabularies, 1857; ed. 2, privately
printed, 1882.</p>

<p class='hang'>Wright, William Aldis; The Bible Word-Book, 2nd ed., 1884.</p>

<p class='hang'>Wyatt, Sir Thomas; Poetical Works; ed. R. Bell, 1854. [Born 1503,
died 1542.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Wycherley, William; Dramatic Works; ed. 1840, with those of Congreve,
Vanbrugh, and Farquhar. [Born c. 1640, died 1715.]</p>

<p class='hang'>Wyclif, John; The Holy Bible, 1382-8; ed. Forshall and Madden, 1850.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— New Testament, with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat.</p>

<p class='hang'>—— Job, Psalms, &amp;c., with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat.</p>

<p class='hang'>Wynkyn de Worde (Jan van Wynkyn), native of Worth in Alsace.
Printer. Came to England with Caxton from Bruges 1476, died c. 1534.</p>

<p class='hang'>York Plays, c. 1430; ed. Miss L. Toulmin Smith, 1885.</p>

<div><h1>ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#berry'>berry</a>.</span></span> In the Malone Society’s Reprint, 1. 1432, of Quarto 1599, the
text is:</p>

<div class='literal-container' style='margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;'><div class='literal'> <!-- rend=';' -->
<p class='line'>‘A berrie of faire Rooes I saw to day</p>
<p class='line'>Down by the groves, and there I’ll take my stand,</p>
<p class='line'>And shoot at one.’</p>
</div></div> <!-- end rend -->

<p class='noindent'>Probably the correct reading would be ‘a bevie of faire Rooes’ (i.e. a number
of fair roe-deer). But see NED. (s.v. Berry, sb.<sup>3</sup>), where the word is
used as the special name for a company of rabbits.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#bulk1'>bulk</a>,</span></span> the trunk, body of a person; cp. Richard III, i. 4. 40, ‘The
envious flood Stopt in my soul .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. smother’d it within my panting bulk.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#burgullian'>Burgullian</a>.</span></span> Perhaps a contemptuous form of <span class='it'>Burgundian</span> (or <span class='it'>Burgonian</span>),
a native of Burgundy, with reference to John Larrosse, ‘a Burgonian
by nation and a fencer by profession’, who challenged all comers
in 1598.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#forslow'>forslow</a>.</span></span> For <span class='it'>Macilense</span> read <span class='it'>Macilente</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#Napier'>Napier’s bones</a>,</span></span> invented by John Napier, eighth laird of Merchiston
[not Lord Napier].</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#skibbered'>skibbered</a>.</span></span> The reading of the Bodleian MS. <span class='it'>skybredd</span> shows that the
meaning of the word is <span class='it'>sky-bred</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#sothery'>sothery</a>.</span></span> The play referred to is <span class='it'>The Four P’s</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#Spargirica'>spargirica</a>.</span></span> B. Jonson’s spelling <span class='it'>spagyrica</span> may be defended from
French usage; cp. Dict. de l’Acad., 1672: ‘<span class='it'>Spagyrique</span> ou <span class='it'>Spagirique</span>. Il se
dit de la Chimie qui s’occupe de l’analyse des métaux, et de la recherche
de la pierre philosophale. C’est la même chose que la <span class='it'>Chimie métallurgique</span>
ou la <span class='it'>Métallurgie</span>’. The word <span class='it'>spagyrique</span> in the phrase ‘un philosophe
spagyrique’ occurs frequently in Anatole France’s ‘La Rôtisserie de la
Reine Pédauque’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#strummel'>strummel</a>.</span></span> <span class='it'>Strummel-patch’d</span> (so Gifford). The 1616 Folio reads
‘whoreson strummel, patch’t, goggle-ey’d Grumbledories’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#trash1'>trash</a>.</span></span> For Othello, ii. 1. 132, read ii. 1. 312; and see Schmidt’s note
on the word.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#turm'>turm</a>.</span></span> Milton, P. R. iv. 66.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#warden'>warden</a>.</span></span> <span class='it'>Dele</span> or (from the arms of Warden Abbey).</p>

<div><h1 id='A'>A</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aband,</span></span> to abandon. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 65; Mirror for Magistrates,
Albanact, st. 20.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abatures,</span></span> the traces left by a stag in the underwood through which
he has passed. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 26, p. 68. F. <span class='it'>abatture</span>, a throwing
down. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abeare,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex.</span>, to demean oneself. Only in Spenser in this sense,
F. Q. v. 12. 19; vi. 9. 45.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='abiliments'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abiliments,</span></span> ‘abiliments of war’, warlike accoutrements, things
which made ‘able’ for war. More, Richard III (ed. 1641, 414). OF.
(<span class='it'>h</span>)<span class='it'>abillement</span>, ‘tout ce qui est propre à quelque chose, machines de guerre’
(Didot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>able,</span></span> to warrant, vouch for. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio);
King Lear, iv. 6. 173.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ablesse,</span></span> ability. Only in Chapman, Iliad, v. 248.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abode,</span></span> to forebode, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 93. An announcement, Chapman,
Iliad, xiii. 146, 226. Cp. OE. <span class='it'>ābēodan</span>, to announce (pp. <span class='it'>āboden</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abodement,</span></span> a foreboding, presage, omen. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abord,</span></span> used by Spenser for <span class='it'>abroad</span>, adrift. Ruins of Rome, xiv;
Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 324.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aborde,</span></span> to approach. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 99, back, l. 8; lf.
103. 6; ‘<span class='it'>I aborde</span>, as one shyppe dothe an-other’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>aborder</span>,
to come to the side of; from <span class='it'>à</span>, to, <span class='it'>bord</span>, side.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='abraid1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abraid, abray,</span></span> in Spenser, to start out of sleep, a swoon, to awake;
‘I did out of sleepe abray’, F. Q. iv. 6. 36; ‘Sir Satyrane abraid Out of
the swowne’, F. Q. iv. 4. 22; to arouse, startle, ‘For feare lest her unwares
she should abrayd’, F. Q. iii. 1. 61; ‘The brave maid would not for
courtesie, Out of his quiet slumber him abrade’, F. Q. iii. 11. 8. ME.
<span class='it'>abreyde</span>, to start up, start from sleep, awake (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>ābregdan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abraid,</span></span> to upbraid. Greene, Alphonsus, ii (Belinus), ed. Dyce, 231;
‘I abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe’, Palsgrave. A n. Yorks. form
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Abram-colour’d,</span></span> auburn. Said of a beard. Middleton, Blurt, Mr.
Constable, ii. 2 (Curvetto); Coriolanus, ii. 3. 21. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Abram-man, Abraham-man,</span></span> a sham patriarch, a begging vagabond.
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 5; Massinger, New Way, ii. 1
(Marrall); ‘An Abraham-man is he that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged,
and fayneth hymselfe mad, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. and nameth himselfe poor Tom’,
Awdeley, Fraternity of Vagabonds, p. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abron,</span></span> auburn. ‘Curled head With abron locks was fairly furnished’,
Hall, Satires, v. 8. A Shropsh. pronunciation (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>auborne</span>,
Med. L. <span class='it'>alburnus</span>, ‘subalbus’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abrook,</span></span> to brook, endure. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abrupt,</span></span> separated, parted asunder. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2
(Maria); as subst., an abrupt place, a precipice over an abyss, Milton,
P. L. ii. 409.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>absey-book,</span></span> a spelling-book, primer. King John, i. 1. 196. For <span class='it'>A-B-C
book</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='aby'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aby,</span></span> to pay the penalty for. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 175; Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 8. 33. ME. <span class='it'>abye</span>, to pay for (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A</span>. 4393); OE. <span class='it'>ābycgan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='acates'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acates,</span></span> provisions that are purchased. B. Jonson, Staple of News,
ii. 1 (P. sen.); Sad Shepherd, i. 3. 19. Norm. F. <span class='it'>acat</span>, purchase (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accent,</span></span> misused with the sense of ‘scent’. ‘The vines with blossoms
do abound, which yield a sweet <span class='it'>accént</span>’, Drayton, Harmonie of the Church;
Sol. Song, ch. ii. l. 28.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>access,</span></span> an attack of illness. Also spelt <span class='it'>axes</span>, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell,
315; <span class='it'>accesses</span>, pl., Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 822. <span class='it'>Access</span> is used in Kent and
Sussex for an ague-fit (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>accès</span>, cp. ‘<span class='it'>un accès de fièvre</span>’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accite,</span></span> to summon. 2 Hen. IV, v. 2. 141; Titus Andron. i. 1. 27;
Chapman, tr. Iliad, ii. 376, has ‘summon’ (his first version had <span class='it'>accite</span>);
pt. t. <span class='it'>accited</span>, id. xi. 595; <span class='it'>accite</span>, imp., Heywood, Dialogue iv; vol. vi.
p. 163. L. <span class='it'>accitare</span>, to summon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accite,</span></span> to excite. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson, Underwoods
(ed. 1692, p. 563).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accloye,</span></span> to stop up, choke (with weeds). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 15;
‘<span class='it'>accloyed</span>, as a Horse, Accloy’d or Cloyed, i.e. nail’d or prickt in the
shooing’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. F. <span class='it'>encloyer</span>, ‘to cloy, choak, or stop up’
(Cotgr.). Med. L. <span class='it'>inclavare</span>, to lame a horse with a nail while shoeing
(Ducange); L. <span class='it'>clavus</span>, a nail.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accomplement,</span></span> accomplishment. Shaks. (?), Edw. III, iv. 6. 66.
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accourt,</span></span> to entertain courteously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='accoy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accoy,</span></span> to daunt, tame, soothe. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 48; F. Q. iv.
8. 59. OF. <span class='it'>acoier</span>, to quiet; deriv. of <span class='it'>coi</span>, quiet; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>acquietare</span> (<span class='it'>adquietare</span>),
‘quietum reddere’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='accoyl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accoyl,</span></span> to assemble, gather together. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30. OF.
<span class='it'>acoillir</span>, to assemble; Med. L. <span class='it'>accolligere</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accumber, acomber,</span></span> to encumber, oppress. ‘That my sowle be
not <span class='it'>acombred</span>’, Reynard the Fox (ed. Arber, p. 34). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>encumbrer</span>,
‘accabler’ (Ch. Rol. 15).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>achates,</span></span> provisions, purchased as required. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 31.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#acates'>acates</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acknown,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> acknowledged. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 229; <span class='it'>to be acknown on</span>,
to confess knowledge of, Othello, iii. 3. 320; <span class='it'>to be acknowen of</span>, to acknowledge,
Puttenham, English Poesie, iii. 22 (p. 260). OE. <span class='it'>oncnāwen</span>, pp. of
<span class='it'>oncnāwan</span>, to acknowledge.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a-cop,</span></span> on high; sticking up. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Drugger).
OE. <span class='it'>copp</span>, top, summit.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acopus,</span></span> a restorative plant, mentioned by Pliny. Middleton, The
Witch, v. 2 (Hecate). L. <span class='it'>acopus</span>, Gk. ἄκοπος; ἀ, not + κόπος, weariness.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acquest,</span></span> an acquisition, gain. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII (ed. Lumby,
pp. 90, 172). OF. <span class='it'>aquest</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>acquistum</span> (Ducange), L. <span class='it'>acquisitum</span>, a
thing acquired.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>acquist,</span> Milton, Samson Ag. 1755. Directly from the Latin, or from
the Ital. <span class='it'>acquisto</span>.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acroche,</span></span> to grasp, try to acquire. ‘<span class='it'>I acroche</span>, as a man dothe
that wynneth goodes or landes off another by sleyght, <span class='it'>Iaccroche</span>’,
Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acton;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haqueton'>haqueton</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>actuate,</span></span> to act. Massinger, Roman Actor, iv. 2 (Paris). Med. L.
<span class='it'>actuare</span>, ‘perficere’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aculeate,</span></span> pointed. Bacon, Essay 57, § 5. L. <span class='it'>aculeus</span>, a sting, sharp
point. L. <span class='it'>acus</span>, a needle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adamant,</span></span> a load-stone, magnet. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 195; Marlowe,
Edw. II, ii. 5 (Arundel). ME. <span class='it'>adamaunt</span>, the loadstone or magnet
(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1182).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Adamite,</span></span> a member of a sect that dispensed with clothes at their
meetings. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 4 (Mis. Car.). Cp. The Guardian,
no. 134 (Aug. 14, 1713), § last.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adaunt,</span></span> to quell, subdue. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8. 11; leaf 79,
back, l. 5. OF. <span class='it'>adonter</span>, <span class='it'>donter</span>, L. <span class='it'>domitare</span>, to tame (Virgil).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adauntreley,</span></span> error for <span class='it'>ad[u]aunt-relay</span>, lit. a relay in front; a laying
on of fresh hounds to take up a chase. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5
(Amoretto). From <span class='it'>aduaunt</span> (<span class='it'>avaunt</span>) and <span class='it'>relay</span>; see <span class='it'>Avant-lay</span> in NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='adaw'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adaw,</span></span> to daunt, suppress, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13; iv. 6.
26; v. 9. 35; Shep. Kal., Feb., 141. A word due to the ME. adv. <span class='it'>adawe</span>,
in phr. <span class='it'>do adawe</span>, to put out of life (lit. day), to quell. The ME. <span class='it'>adawe</span> =
OE. <span class='it'>of dagum</span>, out of days.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>addulce,</span></span> to sweeten, render palatable. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby,
p. 84).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='adelantado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adelantado,</span></span> a Spanish grandee, a lord-lieutenant. Spelt <span class='it'>adalantado</span>;
B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Puntarvolo); Alchemist, iii. 2
(Face); Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Span. <span class='it'>adelantado</span>, promoted,
advanced, pp. of <span class='it'>adelantar</span>, to advance. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lantedo'>lantedo</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adjection,</span></span> addition. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 6. 5. L. <span class='it'>adjectio</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adjouste,</span></span> to add, give; lit. to adjust. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 43.
2; lf. 141, back, 24.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adminiculation,</span></span> aid, help, support. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour,
bk. i, c. 3, § last; c. 8, § 6; c. 13, § 4. Med. L. <span class='it'>adminiculatio</span>, ‘auxilium’,
<span class='it'>adminiculus</span>, ‘minister’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>admire,</span></span> to wonder. Milton, P. L. ii. 677; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 167.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adore.</span></span> A form of <span class='it'>adorn</span> in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 46.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adoubted,</span></span> afraid. Morte Arthur, leaf 241. 2; bk. x, c. 12 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adowbe,</span></span> to adub, to equip, array. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 32. 28;
lf. 222. 15. Also <span class='it'>adubbe</span>, to dub a knight, id. 312. 31. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aduber</span>,
‘armer’ (Ch. Rol.), also <span class='it'>adubber</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adrad,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> dreaded. Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 4; frightened;
Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 304. ME. <span class='it'>adrad</span>, afraid (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 605);
OE. <span class='it'>ofdrǣd</span>, frightened.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adrop</span></span> (ádrop), a term in alchemy; either the lead out of which the
mercury was to be extracted to make ‘the philosopher’s stone’, or the
stone itself. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surface).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adust,</span></span> parched, burnt up. Bacon, Essay 36; Milton, P. L. xii. 635.
Also <span class='it'>adusted</span>, P. L. vi. 514. L. <span class='it'>adustus</span>, burnt up, pp. of <span class='it'>adurere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advaile,</span></span> ‘avail’, advantage, profit. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii,
c. 9, § 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advant-garde,</span></span> vanguard. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 35; bk. i,
c. 15. F. <span class='it'>avant-garde</span> (Cotgr.) See Dict. (s.v. Van).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advaunt,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex.</span>, to boast, brag, ‘vaunt’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i, c. 4 (end); bk. i, c. 15, § 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advision,</span></span> vision. Morte Arthur, leaf 14. 15; Table of Contents,
xiv. 7. ME. <span class='it'>avisioun</span> (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advoutresse,</span></span> an adulteress. Roister Doister, v. 3. 9. Bacon, Essay
19, § 6. ME. <span class='it'>avoutresse</span> (Wyclif, Rom. vii. 3); OF. <span class='it'>avoutresse</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adyt, addit,</span></span> a recess or sanctuary of a temple. Greene, A Looking-glass,
iv. 3 (1543); p. 137, col. 1. L. <span class='it'>adytum</span>, Gk. ἄδυτον, not to be
entered, sacred; from ἀ, not, δύειν, to enter.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aerie</span></span> (in Shakespeare), the brood of a bird of prey, and particularly of
hawks, King John, v. 2. 149; Rich. III, i. 3. 264; ‘aerie of children’ (with
reference to the young choristers of the Chapel Royal and St. Paul’s, who
took part in plays), Hamlet ii. 2. 354. The word represents an OF. <span class='it'>airiée</span>,
pp. of <span class='it'>aairier</span>, <span class='it'>adairier</span>, Romanic type <span class='it'>adareare</span>, der. of Med. L. <span class='it'>area</span>, ‘accipitrum
nidus’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aeromancy,</span></span> divination by the air. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay,
i. 2 (188); scene 2. 17 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aesture,</span></span> surge, raging of the sea. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 111.
Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>aestus</span>, the heaving motion of the sea.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>afeard,</span></span> afraid. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 28; <span class='it'>affered</span>, Dryden, Cock and Fox,
136. In gen. prov. use throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>afered</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 482, OE. <span class='it'>āfǣred</span>, frightened, pp. of <span class='it'>āfǣran</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affamed of,</span></span> famished by, starved by. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 248,
back, 2. F. <span class='it'>affamé</span>, famished, starved (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affect,</span></span> to love, be fond of. Two Gent. iii. 1. 82; Two Noble Kinsmen,
ii. 4. 2. L. <span class='it'>affectare</span>, to strive after a thing passionately.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affect,</span></span> affection, passion. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 45; vi. 5. 24; Hymn
in Honour of Love, 180. L. <span class='it'>affectus</span>, passion, desire.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affectionate,</span></span> to feel affection for. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay,
iii. 3; scene 10. 78 (W.); p. 171, col. 1 (D.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affrap,</span></span> to strike sharply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 26; iii. 2. 6. Ital.
<span class='it'>affrappare</span>, to beat (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affret,</span></span> onset, fierce encounter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; iv. 3. 16. Cp.
Ital. <span class='it'>affrettare</span>, to hasten, make speed (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affront,</span></span> to meet face to face, to encounter. Hamlet, iii. 1. 31; Ford,
Perkin Warbeck, v. 1 (Dalyell). <span class='it'>Affront</span>, an accost, meeting. Greene, Tu
Quoque, or The City Gallant; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 265. F. <span class='it'>affronter</span>,
‘to come before, or face to face’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affy,</span></span> to betroth, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 80; <span class='it'>to affy in</span>, to trust in, Titus Andron.
i. 1. 47. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>afier</span>, ‘affirmer, assurer; mettre sa confiance en, se fier
à’ (Moisy). Med. L. <span class='it'>affidare</span>, ‘fidem dare’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>afterclap,</span></span> an unexpected consequence, generally unpleasant. Latimer,
Serm. I, 27; <span class='it'>after-claps</span>, pl., Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 4; Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 49; Taylor, Life of Old Parr (EDD.). In prov. use in various parts of
England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agate,</span></span> on the way. ‘Let him agate’; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 6 (Phantastes);
‘Let us be agate, let us start’; Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, ii. 25. In prov. use in the north country, and in various other
parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agazed,</span></span> astounded, amazed. Surrey, Description of Restless State, 44 in
Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 4); <span class='it'>agaz’d on</span>, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 126. Prob. a variant
of ME. <span class='it'>agast</span> (Wyclif), E. <span class='it'>aghast</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agerdows,</span></span> compounded of sour and sweet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell,
1250. F. <span class='it'>aigre-doux</span>, sour-sweet. L. <span class='it'>acer</span> and <span class='it'>dulcis</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aggrace,</span></span> to shew grace and favour. Pt. t. <span class='it'>agraste</span>; Spenser, F. Q. i. 10.
18. Hence <span class='it'>aggrace</span>, sb. favour; id. ii. 8. 56. Ital. <span class='it'>aggraziare</span>, to confer a
favour; <span class='it'>agratiare</span>, to favour (Florio). Med. L. <span class='it'>aggratiare</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aggrate,</span></span> to please, delight, charm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 50; v. 11. 19;
vi. 10. 33. Ital. <span class='it'>aggratare</span>, ‘to sute’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aglet,</span></span> the metal end or tag of a lace. ‘He made hys pen of the aglet of
a poynte that he plucked from hys hose’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. 1869, p. 117);
a metallic stud or spangle. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 5; ‘<span class='it'>Tremolante</span>, aglets or
spangles’ (Florio). In Cumberland the metal end of a bootlace is called
an <span class='it'>aglet</span> (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>aglet</span>, to lace wyth alle (Prompt. Harl. MS.). F.
<span class='it'>aiguillette</span>, a point (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agloute,</span></span> to feed to satisfaction, to glut. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf
187, back, 14; lf. 41, back, 5. ME. <span class='it'>aglotye</span> (P. Plowman, C. x. 76). See
NED. (s.v. Aglut).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agnize,</span></span> to recognize, acknowledge. Othello, i. 3. 232; <span class='it'>agnise</span>, Udall,
Erasmus Apophth. (ed. 1877, 271). Formed on the analogy of <span class='it'>recognize</span>,
cp. L. <span class='it'>agnoscere</span>, to acknowledge.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a-good,</span></span> in good earnest, heartily. Two Gent. of Verona, iv. 3; Udall,
Roister Doister, iii. 4 (near the end); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Ithamar).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agreve,</span></span> to aggravate, make more grievous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i. c. 6 (end); Sir T. More, Rich. III (ed. Lumby, p. 68, l. 13). ME.
<span class='it'>agrevyn</span>, ‘aggravare’ (Prompt. EETS. 200). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>agrever</span> (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='agrim'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agrim, agrum,</span></span> a common 16th-cent. form of ‘algorism’, a name for
the Arabic or decimal system of numeration, hence arithmetic; ‘I reken,
I counte by cyfers of agrym’, Palsgrave; ‘As a Cypher in Agrime’, Foxe,
A. &amp; M. iii. 265 (NED.); ‘A poor cypher in agrum’, Peele, Edw. I (ed.
Dyce, p. 379, col. 1). ME. <span class='it'>awgrym</span>: ‘As siphre .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. in awgrym that noteth
a place and no thing availith’ (Richard Redeles. iv. 53); <span class='it'>algorisme</span> (Gower,
C. A. vii. 155). OF. <span class='it'>augorisme</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>algorismus</span>, ‘numerandi ars’ (Ducange),
cp. Span. <span class='it'>alguarismo</span> (<span class='it'>guarismo</span>), arithmetic (Stevens), from <span class='it'>al-Khowârezmi</span>,
the surname of a famous Arab mathematician who lived in
the 9th cent. See Dozy, Glossaire, 131.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agrise, agryse,</span></span> to terrify, horrify. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 46;
iii. 2. 24; <span class='it'>agrysed</span>, afraid, W. Browne, Shepherd’s Pipe, i. 501. OE. <span class='it'>agrīsan</span>,
to shudder.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agrum;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#agrim'>agrim</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aguise, aguize,</span></span> to dress, array, deck. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 21. 31; ii.
6. 7. Cp. <span class='it'>guize</span>, fashion, appearance, ii. 2. 14; ii. 6. 25; ii. 12. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aim,</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to cry aim</span>, to encourage an archer by crying out <span class='it'>aim!</span>
King John, ii. 1. 196; <span class='it'>to give aim</span>, to direct; see Webster, Vittoria (ed. Dyce,
p. 20). The giver of aim stood near the butts, and reported the success of
the shot. Hence <span class='it'>aim-giving</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus, 160.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>A-la-mi-re,</span></span> a name given to the octave of <span class='it'>A-re</span>; the latter being the
second lowest note in the scale, which was denoted by the letter A, and
sung to the syllable <span class='it'>re</span>. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Crotchet);
Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 107. N.B. Wrongly defined in the NED.; but the
right definition, with a full explanation, is given in NED. under the heading
<span class='it'>A-re</span>. The octave of A was, in fact, sung to the syllable <span class='it'>la</span> when occurring
in the second hexachord, which began with C; to <span class='it'>mi</span>, in the third
hexachord, which began with F; and to <span class='it'>re</span>, in the fourth, which began
with the octave of G.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alate,</span></span> of late, lately. King Lear, i. 4. 208; Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 3.
Still in use in Yorks. and Lancashire (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>a-late</span> (Dest. Troy, 4176).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>albricias,</span></span> a reward for good news. Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours,
v. 1 (Pedro); Digby, Elvira, ii. 1. 1. Span. <span class='it'>albricias</span>, reward for newes
(Minsheu). Arab. <span class='it'>al bishâra</span>, joyful tidings, cp. Port. <span class='it'>alviçaras</span>. See Dozy,
<span class='it'>Glossaire</span>, 74.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alcatote,</span></span> a simpleton, a foolish fellow. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1
(Spadone). Cp. the Devon word <span class='it'>alkitotle</span> (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alcatras,</span></span> a name given by English voyagers to the Frigate Bird, <span class='it'>Tachypetes
aquilus</span>, Drayton, The Owl, 549. Port. <span class='it'>alcatráz</span>, ‘mauve, goéland: oiseau
de mer; pélican du Chili, cormoran, calao des Moluques; <span class='it'>alcatráz les
Antilhas</span>, onocrotale, grand gosier, oiseau de marais’ (Roquette).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='alchemy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alchemy,</span></span> a metallic composition imitating gold; spelt <span class='it'>alcumy</span>,
Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); applied to a trumpet of such
metal or of brass, ‘Put to their mouths the sounding alchymie’, Milton,
P. L. ii. 517.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Alchoroden,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Alchochoden,</span></span> the planet which rules in the principal
parts of an astrological figure, at the nativity of any one, and which
regulates the number of years he has to live. Beaumont and Fl., Bloody
Brother, iv. 1 (Norbret). So explained in a note. Spelt <span class='it'>alchochoden</span>,
B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). From Pers. <span class='it'>Kat-khudā</span>, lord of
the ascendant (Richardson). See <span class='bold'><a href='#almuten'>almuten</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alcumise, alchemize,</span></span> to change by help of alchemy, to transmute
metals. Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 (Midas).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alcumyn,</span></span> a kind of brass. Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 904.
For <span class='it'>alchem-ine</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#alchemy'>alchemy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='alder'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alder,</span></span> of all; <span class='it'>your alder</span> speed, the help of you all; Everyman, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 135. ME. <span class='it'>alder</span> (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>ealra</span>, gen. pl. of <span class='it'>eall</span>, all.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>alderliefest,</span> dearest of all, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 28; ‘the alderliefest swain
of all’, Greene, Descript. Shepherd, 42 (ed. Dyce, p. 304). ME. <span class='it'>alderleuest</span>
(Chaucer, Tr. &amp; Cr. iii. 239).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ale,</span></span> an ale-house. Two Gent. ii. 5. 61; <span class='it'>at the ale</span>, Greene, A Looking-glass,
iv. 4 (1616); p. 138, col. 1. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>atten ale</span>, at the ale-house (P.
Plowman, B. vi. 117).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ale-bottle,</span></span> a wooden ale-keg. Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 4
(Firk).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alecie,</span></span> drunkenness; a humorous formation from <span class='it'>ale</span>, with <span class='it'>-cie</span> added,
as in <span class='it'>luna-cie</span> (lunacy). ‘Lunasie or <span class='it'>alecie</span>’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2
(Riscio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ale-conner,</span></span> an officer appointed to look to the assize and goodness of
bread and ale. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb., iii. 3 (Oliver). A Lincolnshire
word, see EDD. (s.v. Ale, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='alegge'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alegge,</span></span> to allay. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 5. ME. <span class='it'>alleggyn</span> or softyn
peyn, ‘allevio, mitigo’ (Prompt. EETS. 21).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alembic,</span></span> an alchemist’s still; sometimes, the head of the still. B.
Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon); spelt <span class='it'>lembic</span>, iii. 2. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ale-stake,</span></span> a stake or pole projecting from an ale-house, to bear a bush,
garland, or other sign. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 191.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alew,</span></span> halloo, outcry. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alferez,</span></span> an ensign, standard-bearer. Fletcher, Rule a Wife, i. 1. 12;
<span class='it'>alfarez</span>, B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 (Tipto). Span. <span class='it'>alférez</span>. Arab. <span class='it'>al-fâris</span>, a
horseman, from <span class='it'>faras</span>, a horse.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alfridaria,</span></span> used of the power which a planet has (each for seven
years) over a man’s life. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 5. From Arab. root
<span class='it'>faraḍa</span>, to define, decree, appoint a time for a thing; with suffix <span class='it'>-aria</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alga,</span></span> seaweed. Dryden, Astræa Redux, 119. L. <span class='it'>alga</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>algate</span>(<span class='bold'>s,</span></span> always, continually. Stanyhurst, Aeneid, 1 (ed. 1880, 20);
altogether, ‘Una now he algates must forgoe’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2;
nevertheless, notwithstanding, Shep. Kal., Nov., 21. <span class='it'>Algates</span> is a north
country word, meaning ‘in every way, by all means’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>algates</span>,
notwithstanding (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2222); <span class='it'>allegate</span>, in every way (Ancren
Riwle). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alguazier, algazier,</span></span> an ‘alguazil’, warrant-officer, serjeant. Fletcher,
Span. Curate, v. 2 (heading); Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Span. <span class='it'>alguazir</span> (alguazil);
Port. <span class='it'>al-vasil</span>, <span class='it'>al-vazir</span>; Arab. <span class='it'>al-wazîr</span>, ‘the minister’, officer, ‘vizier’, from
root <span class='it'>wazara</span>, to carry.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='alicant'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alicant, alligant,</span></span> wine from Alicante in Spain. Fletcher, The
Chances, i. 8. 10; Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown); <span class='it'>aligant</span>, A Match
at Midnight, v. 1 (Sim.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a’ life,</span></span> as my life, extremely. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 3
(1 Creditor); The Widow, i. 1 (Martino); iv. 1 (2 Suitor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alkedavy,</span></span> the palace of a cadi or alcalde. Heywood, The Fair Maid, iv. 3
(Mullisheg); v. 1 (Mullisheg). From Arab. <span class='it'>alqâḍawî</span>, the (palace) of the cadi.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>allay,</span></span> alloy. Bacon, Essay 1, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 320.
ME. <span class='it'>alay</span>, inferior metal combined with one of greater value (P. Plowman,
B. xv. 342). Norm. F. <span class='it'>aley</span>, <span class='it'>alay</span>, from <span class='it'>aleier</span>, to combine. L. <span class='it'>alligare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>allect,</span></span> to allure, entice. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, § 13;
Sir T. More, Works (1557), p. 275, col. 1. Med. L. <span class='it'>allectare</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>allegge,</span></span> to alleviate. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 15. See <span class='bold'><a href='#alegge'>alegge</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alleggeaunce,</span></span> alleviation. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 42. OF. <span class='it'>alegeance</span>,
deriv. of <span class='it'>alegier</span>, to alleviate. L. <span class='it'>alleviare</span>, to lighten.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>all-hid,</span></span> the game of hide and seek. Love’s Lab. L., iv. 3. 78; cf. Hamlet,
iv. 2. 32; Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 27; Tourneur, Rev. Trag., iii. 5. 82.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>All-holland-tide;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Hollantide'>Hollandtide</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alligarta,</span></span> alligator. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo); <span class='it'>aligarta</span>,
Romeo and J., v. 1. 43 (1st Q.). Span. <span class='it'>el lagarto</span>, the lizard.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alloune, aloune,</span></span> let us go. Anglicized form of F. <span class='it'>allons</span>. Marston,
What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>all-to-bepowdered,</span></span> powdered all over. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy,
v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>all-to ruffled,</span></span> ruffled extremely. Milton, Comus, 380. The incorrect
compound <span class='it'>all-to</span> came into use about 1500, in place of the older idiom
which would have given the form <span class='it'>all to-ruffled</span>, with the <span class='it'>to-</span> linked to the
verb. Here <span class='it'>all</span>, adv., meant ‘extremely’, and merely emphasized the
prefix <span class='it'>to-</span>. Spelt <span class='it'>all to ruffl’d</span> (1645).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>almacanter, almucantury,</span></span> a small circle of the sphere parallel to
the horizon, representing a parallel of altitude. Beaumont and Fl.,
Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (la Fiske). Cp. Chaucer, Astrolabe, pt. ii, § 5.
Spelt <span class='it'>almacantara</span>, B. Jonson, Staple of News. ii. 1 (P. senior). Arab.
<span class='it'>al-muqanṭarât</span>, pl., bridges, arcs, almucanters. See Dozy, 164.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Almain,</span></span> a German. Othello, ii. 3. 87; a kind of dance, Peele, Arraign.
of Paris, ii. 2, 28; hence <span class='it'>Almain-leap</span>, B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 1 (Satan);
<span class='it'>the Almond leape</span>, Cotgrave (s.v. Saut). OF. <span class='it'>aleman</span>, German (mod. <span class='it'>allemand</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>almery,</span></span> an aumbry, a cupboard. Morte Arthur, leaf 362, back, 24;
bk. xvii. c. 23; <span class='it'>ambry</span>, Stanyhurst’s Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber. p. 44. 2).
For various prov. forms of this word see EDD. (s.v. Ambry). ME. <span class='it'>almery</span>,
of mete kepyng, ‘cibutum’ (Prompt. EETS. 10). Norm. F. <span class='it'>almarie</span> (Moisy),
Med. L. <span class='it'>armarium</span> (Prompt. 395), deriv. of L. <span class='it'>arma</span>, gear, tools.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='almuten'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>almuten,</span></span> the prevailing or ruling planet in a nativity. ‘Almuten
lord of the geniture,’ Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret and
Rusee); ‘And Mars Almuthen, or lord of the horoscope’, Massinger, City
Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); ‘Almuten Alchochoden’, Tomkis, Albumazar ii. 5
(end). Error for <span class='it'>almutaz</span> (NED.); from Arab. <span class='it'>al</span>, the, and <span class='it'>muʿtaz</span>, prevailing,
from <span class='it'>ʿazz</span>, to be powerful.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alonely,</span></span> solely. Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 3. 160; <span class='it'>all alonely</span>, Barnes, Works,
p. 226, col. 2; <span class='it'>alonely</span>, id. p. 227, col. 2. From <span class='it'>all</span> and <span class='it'>only</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alow,</span></span> below, low down. Dryden, Cymon, 370. ‘Ship, by bearing
sayl alowe, withstandeth stormes’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 2. In use in
Scotland (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>alowe</span>: ‘Why somme (briddes) be alowe and somme
alofte’ (P. Plowman, B. xii. 222).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aloyse!</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, look! see! see now! ‘<span class='it'>Aloyse! aloyse</span>, how pretie it is,
is not here a good face?’ Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 79; Anc.
Brit. Drama, i. 91.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alphin, alphyn,</span></span> a bishop, in the game of chess. Caxton, Game of
the Chesse, bk. ii. ch. 3. § 1. OF. <span class='it'>alfin</span>, Span. <span class='it'>al-fil</span>; from Arab. <span class='it'>al-fîl</span>, ‘the
elephant’. Pers. <span class='it'>pîl</span>, elephant; see Dozy, Glossaire, 113, 114.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>als,</span></span> also. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 18; ii. 1. 7. 40; iv. 7. 35. <span class='it'>As als</span>, as also; id.
iv. 4. 2. <span class='it'>Als</span> is short for <span class='it'>also</span>, and <span class='it'>as</span> is short for <span class='it'>als</span>; hence <span class='it'>as als</span> = also also.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alther,</span></span> of all. <span class='it'>Alther fyrste</span>, first of all; Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 303. 2.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#alder'>alder</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>altitonant,</span></span> thundering from on high. Middleton, World Tost at
Tennis (Pallas). L. <span class='it'>altitonans</span>, with reference to Jupiter.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>altitudes,</span></span> <span class='it'>in the altitudes</span>, in a lofty mood, full of airs. Beaumont and
Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); <span class='it'>in his altitudes</span>, Vanbrugh, The Confederacy,
v. 2 (Brass).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alture,</span></span> altitude; said of the sun. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lv., l. 29. Ital.
<span class='it'>altura</span>, height; <span class='it'>alto</span>, high. L. <span class='it'>altus</span>, high.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aludel,</span></span> an alchemist’s pot, used for sublimation. B. Jonson, Alchemist,
ii. 1 (Subtle). F. <span class='it'>aludel</span>, OF. <span class='it'>alutel</span>. Arab. <span class='it'>al-uthāl</span>, the utensil. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alvarado,</span></span> the rousing of soldiers at dawn of day by the beating of
the drum or the firing of a gun; ‘so that the very alverado given sounds
the least hope of conquest’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon (Works, iii. 255);
O. Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan). Port. <span class='it'>alvorada</span>, ‘aube, la pointe du jour; (Mil.).
Diane, battement de tambour, coup de canon à la pointe du jour pour
éveiller les soldats’; <span class='it'>alvór</span>, ‘la première pointe du jour’ (Roquette).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amate,</span></span> to dismay, daunt, confound. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 45; ii. 1. 6
and 2. 5; Greene, Orl. Fur. ii. 1 (488); ‘<span class='it'>Matter</span>, to quell, mate, amate’,
Cotgrave. Norm. F. <span class='it'>amatir</span>, ‘soumettre par la frayeur, terrifier’ (Moisy).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amazza,</span></span> (perhaps) slaughter. Pl. <span class='it'>amazza’s</span>; Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1
(Choler). From Ital. <span class='it'>ammazzare</span>, to slay (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amber,</span></span> to perfume with ambergris. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the
Country, iii. 2 (Zabulon). The sb. is spelt <span class='it'>ambre</span> in B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ambidexter,</span></span> one who acts with either party, a double-dealer. Middleton,
Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat); Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce,
p. 503. Med. L. <span class='it'>ambidexter</span>, ‘judex qui ab utraque parte dona accipit’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ambree, Mary,</span></span> an English heroine, who fought at the siege of
Ghent in 1584. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady); B. Jonson,
Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Turfe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='amell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amell,</span></span> to enamel. Pp. <span class='it'>amell’d</span>; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 123. ‘I
<span class='it'>ammell</span> as a goldesmyth dothe his worke, <span class='it'>Jesmaille</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>amelen</span>,
to enamel (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1080). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aymeler</span> (Rough List).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#aumayld'>aumayld</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amenage,</span></span> to domesticate, make quite tame. Only in Spenser, F. Q.
ii, 4. 11. OF. <span class='it'>amenagier</span>, <span class='it'>amesnagier</span>, to receive into a house. Deriv. of <span class='it'>mesnage</span>,
a household, whence E. <span class='it'>menagerie</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amenaunce,</span></span> conduct, behaviour, mien. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 17;
Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 781. Deriv. of F. <span class='it'>amener</span>, to lead, conduct.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ames-ace'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ames-ace,</span></span> double aces, the lowest throw with dice. All’s Well, ii. 3.
85; used as a term of contempt, <span class='it'>ambs-ace</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of
Corinth, iv. 1 (Page). ME. <span class='it'>ambes as</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 124). Norm. F.
<span class='it'>ambes as</span>, ‘deux as, mauvaise chance’ (Moisy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#aums-ace'>aums-ace</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amiss,</span></span> a fault, misdeed, misfortune. Hamlet, iv. 5. 18; Sonnet xxxv.
7; cli. 3; Heywood, Pt. 2, King Edward IV (Works, i. 119).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amite,</span></span> aunt. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 88, back, 13. L. <span class='it'>amita</span>, father’s
sister.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ammiral'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ammiral,</span></span> admiral. Milton, P. L. i. 294. OF. <span class='it'>amiral</span>; Port. <span class='it'>amiralh</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amomus,</span></span> amomum, an odoriferous plant. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 13
(from end). L. <span class='it'>amomum</span>; Gk. ἄμωμον. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amoneste,</span></span> to admonish. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216. 1; lf. 327. 17.
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>amonester</span> (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amoret,</span></span> a love-glance, a loving look. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1264);
scene 9. 177 (W.); p. 168, col. 2; also iv. 2 (1668); scene 12. 8 (W.); p. 173,
col. 2. F. <span class='it'>amourette</span>, a love-trick (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amort,</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>all amort</span>, spiritless, dejected. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1;
Taming Shrew, iv. 3. 36; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 124. The phr. is due to F. <span class='it'>à la
mort</span>, to the death. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amortise,</span></span> to alienate in mortmain, to convey (property) to a corporation.
Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 71. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>amortir</span> (see Rough
List). Med. L. <span class='it'>admortire</span>, ‘concedere in manum mortuam’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a-mothering;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mothering'>mothering</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amphiboly,</span></span> an ambiguity, a sentence that can be construed in two
different senses. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Compass). L. <span class='it'>amphibolia</span>;
Gk. ἀμφιβολία, ambiguity.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amphisbæna,</span></span> a serpent fabled to have a head at each end, and hence
capable of advancing in either direction. Milton, P. L. x. 524. Gk. ἀμφίσβαινα,
a kind of serpent that can go either forwards or backwards
(Aeschylus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amrell,</span></span> admiral. Skelton, How the douty Duke of Albany, 55. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#ammiral'>ammiral</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amuse,</span></span> to distract, bewilder, puzzle. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 6 (Macro);
‘I am amused, I am in a quandary, gentlemen.’ Chapman, Mons. D’Olive,
ii. (D’Olive). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='an'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>an,</span></span> if (freq. in Shaks.); in old edds. mostly written <span class='it'>and</span>. Of very freq.
occurrence in the phrase <span class='it'>an it please you</span>, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 18; <span class='it'>an if</span>, if,
Othello, iii. 4. 83. See <span class='bold'><a href='#and'>and if</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anadem,</span></span> a wreath, chaplet. B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers
(Truth); Drayton, The Owl, 1168. Gk. ἀνάδημα, a headband; from
ἀναδέειν, to bind up.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>analects,</span></span> pl. scraps, gleanings. ‘No gleanings, James? No trencher-<span class='it'>analects</span>?’
(lit. gleanings from trenchers), Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 5
(Rhymewell). Gk. ἀνάλεκτα, things gathered up; from <span class='it'>ἀναλέγειν</span>, to pick up.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anatomy,</span></span> a skeleton. King John, iii. 4. 25; Com. Errors, v. 1. 238;
Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 121. Cf. <span class='bold'><a href='#atomy2'>atomy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anchor,</span></span> an anchorite, hermit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 229. ME. <span class='it'>ancre</span>, a hermit
(P. Plowman, C. i. 30; ix. 146). OE. <span class='it'>ancra</span> (Ælfric), shortened from Eccles.
L. <span class='it'>anachoreta</span> (Ducange); Gk. ἀναχορητής, one who withdraws, retires (from
the world).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ancient,</span></span> an ‘ensign’, standard, or flag. Hence, <span class='it'>ancient-bearer</span>, a standard-bearer,
an ‘ensign’; ‘<span class='it'>alférez</span>, an ancient-bearer, signifer’, Percivall,
Span. Dict.; ‘office or charge, as captaine .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. sergeant, ancient-bearer’,
Act 3, Jas. I (NED.); Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 2 (Shadow); also <span class='it'>ancient</span>
(alone), ‘Welcome, Ancient Pistol!’ 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 120; Othello, i. 1. 33.
A corrupt form of <span class='it'>ensign</span>. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>enseigne</span>, a standard (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ancome,</span></span> a boil, a foul swelling. Eastward Ho! iii. 2 (Mrs. T.). ‘<span class='it'>Vijt</span>,
an ancombe, or a sore upon one’s finger’, Hexham. <span class='it'>Ancome</span> is a north-country
word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>oncome</span>; used of the plagues of Egypt (Cursor
M., 5927). Cp. Icel. <span class='it'>ákoma</span>, arrival, visitation; eruption on the skin.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='and'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>and if</span></span> (a redundant expression, both particles having the same meaning).
‘But and yf that evyll servaunt shall saye in his herte,’ Tyndal,
Matt. xxiv. 48 (cp. A. V.); Two Gent. iii. 1. 257; All’s Well, ii. 1. 74. See <span class='bold'><a href='#an'>an</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>andveld,</span></span> an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, back, 16. ME. <span class='it'>anefeld</span>
(Wyclif, Job xli. 15), OE. <span class='it'>anfilte</span> (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anele,</span></span> to anoint with holy oil. ‘I aneele a sicke man, I anoynte hym
with holy oyle’; and ‘I aneele a sicke man .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. j’enhuylle’, Palsgrave.
Hence <span class='bold'>unaneled,</span> q.v. ME. <span class='it'>anelen</span> (R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 11269).
Deriv. of OE. <span class='it'>ele</span>, oil, L. <span class='it'>oleum</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='an-end'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>an-end,</span></span> on end. Hamlet, i. 5. 19; <span class='it'>still an-end</span>, continually, Two Gent.
iv. 4. 68. <span class='it'>An-end</span> in the sense of ‘without stop or intermission’ is in prov.
use in various parts of England from Durham to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v.
On-end, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anenst,</span></span> side by side with, beside, opposite, in view of; ‘And right
anenst him’, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). See EDD. (s.v. Anent).
ME. <span class='it'>anentis</span>, with, in view of; ‘Anentis men this thing is impossible, but
anentis God alle thingis ben possible’ (Wyclif, Matt. xix. 26); <span class='it'>anent</span>
‘juxta’ (Barbour’s Bruce, viii. 124). OE. <span class='it'>on efen</span>, on even (ground) with.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>angel,</span></span> applied to a bird. ‘An <span class='it'>angel</span> of the air’, Two Noble Kinsmen,
i. 1. 16; ‘Roman angel’, the eagle, Massinger, ii. 2 (Harpax).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>angel,</span></span> a gold coin worth 10<span class='it'>s.</span> Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 56. Very common,
and often used in quibbles.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>angelot,</span></span> a small rich cheese, made in Normandy. Davenant, The
Wits, iv. 1 (Y. Pallantine). Said to be so called from being stamped with
the coin called an <span class='it'>angelot</span>, a piece struck by Louis XI (so Littré). F. <span class='it'>angelot</span>,
the cheese called an angelot (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>angler,</span></span> a term used of a thief who fished for plunder, through an open
window, with a rod, line, and hook. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>another-gates,</span></span> of a different kind. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. 428;
Lyly, Mother Bombie, A. i (Nares). From <span class='it'>gate</span>, a way; lit. ‘of another
way’. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>another-guess,</span></span> of a different kind. ‘This is another-guess sort’,
Foote, The Orators, A. iii (O’Drogheda). Howell has the intermediate
form <span class='it'>another-gets</span> in his Famil. Letters, vol. i. sect. 4. letter 9 (Feb. 5, 1635).
Corruption of the form above. In prov. use in Gloucestershire (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anslaight,</span></span> an onslaught. Fletcher, M. Thomas, ii. 2 <span class='it'>or</span> ii. 3 (Sebastian).
Some read <span class='it'>onslaught</span>; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anthropophagi,</span></span> pl. man-eaters, cannibals. Othello, i. 3. 144; Greene,
Orl. Fur. i. 1. 111 (Orlando, p. 90, col. 2). L. pl. of <span class='it'>anthropophagus</span>, Gk.
ἀνθρωποφάγος, man-eating; from ἄνθρωπος, a man, φαγεῖν, to eat.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antick,</span></span> a grotesque pageant or theatrical representation. Ford, Love’s
Sacrifice, iii. 2 (Fernando); Love’s Lab. L., v. 1. 119.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antick,</span></span> a burlesque performer, buffoon, merry-andrew. Richard II, iii.
2. 162; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 51. Ital. <span class='it'>antico</span>, grotesque. L. <span class='it'>antiquus</span>,
antique. For the development of the meaning of the Ital. <span class='it'>antico</span> from
‘antique’ to ‘grotesque’, see the full account in NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antimasque,</span></span> a burlesque interlude between the acts of a masque.
The prefix is uncertain; perhaps for L. <span class='it'>ante</span>, before (NED.). But B. Jonson
has the form <span class='it'>antick-masque</span>, Masque of Augurs (Noteh). Bacon has <span class='it'>anti-masque</span>,
Essay 37; cf. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 2 (Lorenzo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antiperistasis,</span></span> a contrast of circumstances; opposition. B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Mercury). Gk. ἀντιπερίστασις, reciprocal
replacement of two substances.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='antlier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antlier,</span></span> an antler, tine of a stag’s horn. ‘The first <span class='it'>antlier</span>, which
Phoebus calleth and termeth <span class='it'>antoiller</span>’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21, p. 53.
The lowest tine was <span class='it'>the burre</span>, growing out of <span class='it'>the pearles</span>; the second tine,
the <span class='it'>antlier</span>; the third, the <span class='it'>surantlier</span>; the next, <span class='it'>royal</span> and <span class='it'>surroyal</span>; and those
at the top, <span class='it'>croches</span> (more correctly spelt <span class='it'>troches</span> at p. 137); see Turbervile
(as above), p. 54. ‘The thing that beareth the antliers, royals, and tops
[or troches] ought to be called <span class='it'>the beame</span>, and the little clyffes or streakes
therein are called <span class='it'>gutters</span>’; id. p. 53. OF. <span class='it'>antoillier</span> (F. <span class='it'>andouiller</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antre,</span></span> a cave. Othello, i. 3. 140. F. <span class='it'>antre</span>, L. <span class='it'>antrum</span>, Gk. ἄντρον.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aourne,</span></span> to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 223, back, 17; lf. 253,
back, 15. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aourner</span> (<span class='it'>adourner</span>), to adorn (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apaid, appaid,</span></span> satisfied. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 381 (Guenthian);
Chapman, Iliad, v. 143; Milton, P. L. xii. 401; Spenser, F. Q. ii.
12. 28; v. 11. 64; Shep. Kal., Aug., 6. ME. <span class='it'>apayed</span>, satisfied (Wyclif,
Luke iii. 14); pp. of <span class='it'>apayen</span>. Norm. F. <span class='it'>apaier</span> (Moisy); deriv. of <span class='it'>paier</span>,
L. <span class='it'>pacare</span>, to pacify.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='apayre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apayre,</span></span> to impair, injure. Morte Arthur, leaf 51, back, 12; bk. iii.
c. 3. ME. <span class='it'>apeyryn</span>, to make worse (Prompt. EETS. 21). OF. <span class='it'>empeirer</span>, deriv.
of L. <span class='it'>peiorare</span>, from <span class='it'>peior</span>, worse. See <span class='bold'><a href='#appair'>appair</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='apeche'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apeche, appeche,</span></span> to ‘impeach’, charge with a crime. Morte Arthur,
leaf 212, back, 23; bk. x. c. 7; ‘I apeche, I accuse’, Palsgrave. ME.
<span class='it'>apechyn</span>, ‘appellare’ (Prompt. EETS. 13). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>empescher</span> (Rough List).
Late L. <span class='it'>impedicare</span>, to hinder, catch by a fetter (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#appeach'>appeach</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>A-per-se,</span></span> A by itself; a type of excellence, because A begins the
alphabet. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Lazarillo); Mirror for
Mag., Warwicke, st. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apostata,</span></span> apostate. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 3 (Theoph.); v. 2
(Artemia). The usual old form.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apostle spoons,</span></span> silver spoons, the handle of each terminating in the
figure of an apostle; usually given by sponsors at christenings. B. Jonson,
Barthol. Fair, Act i (Quarlous); Fletcher, Noble Gentlemen, v. 2 (Longueville).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='appair'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appair, apaire,</span></span> to impair, damage. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 7, § last; Skelton, Against Garnesche, i. 19. Also intrans.; ‘I appayre
or waxe worse’, Palsgrave. See <span class='bold'><a href='#apayre'>apayre</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='appeach'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appeach,</span></span> to ‘impeach’, accuse, censure. Richard II, v. 2. 79; Spenser,
F. Q. v. 9. 47. See <span class='bold'><a href='#apeche'>apeche</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apperil,</span></span> peril, risk. Timon, i. 2. 32; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 3
(Sledge); Magnetic Lady, v. 6 (Ironside).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appertise,</span></span> dexterity, a feat of dexterity. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 122,
back, 4; lf. 303, back, 29. OF. <span class='it'>appertise</span>, ‘industrie, dextérité, tour d’adresse’;
Histoire de Charles VII: ‘Fist de belles vaillances et appertises
d’armes contre les Anglois’, see Didot, Glossaire; <span class='it'>appert</span>, ‘adroit industrieux,
habile en sa profession’ (id.). Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>espert</span>, ‘adroit, habile’
(Levy). L. <span class='it'>expertus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apple-John,</span></span> or <span class='it'>John-apple</span>, an apple said to keep for two years, and
in perfection when shrivelled. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 5; Dekker, Old Fortunatus,
iv. 2 (Shadow). Ripe about St. John’s day (June 24). Purposely confused
with <span class='it'>apple-squire</span>, a pander, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1
(Quarlous).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apple-squire,</span></span> a pander. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 8 (Kiteley);
Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, Meg’s Song.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apposal,</span></span> a posing question. Skelton has <span class='it'>apposelle</span>, Garl. of Laurell, 141.
From <span class='it'>appose</span>, v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appose,</span></span> to ‘pose’, to ask a difficult question. Udall, Roister Doister,
i. 1. 14; Short Catechism, Edw. VI, 495 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>appose</span>, <span class='it'>apose</span>
(P. Plowman, C. ii. 45). Cp. to question (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 363), Prompt. 13:
‘<span class='it'>Aposen</span> or <span class='it'>oposyn</span>, opponere’. F. <span class='it'>aposer</span> (for <span class='it'>opposer</span>), to make a trial of
a person’s learning; see Palsgrave (s.v. Oppose).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appropinque,</span></span> to approach. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. 590. L. <span class='it'>appropinquare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>approve,</span></span> to prove, demonstrate to be true; to corroborate, confirm.
Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 79; All’s Well, iii. 7. 13; to put to the proof, test,
as in <span class='it'>approved</span>, tested, tried, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 54.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apricock,</span></span> an apricot. Richard II, iii. 4. 29; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii.
1. 291. ‘<span class='it'>Abricot</span>, the abricot or apricock plumb’, Cotgrave. <span class='it'>Apricock</span> is in
common prov. use in various parts of England from the north country to
Somerset; <span class='it'>abricock</span> is the usual form in West Somerset (EDD.). Port.
<span class='it'>albricoque</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aqueity,</span></span> watery quality. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arace, arasche,</span></span> to tear, tear away. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 256,
back, 14; lf. 319. 1. ‘I <span class='it'>arace</span>, I pull a thyng by violence from one’,
Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>arace</span>, to uproot (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 954). OF.
<span class='it'>esrachier</span>; L. <span class='it'>exradicare</span>, to tear up by the roots.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arber, erber,</span></span> the whole ‘pluck’ of a slain animal. <span class='it'>To make the erbere</span>,
to take out the ‘pluck’, the first stage in disembowelling, Boke of
St. Albans, fol. iij.; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 (Hubert); spelt <span class='it'>arbor</span>,
B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). F. <span class='it'>herbier</span>, ‘le premier ventricule
du bœuf et des autres animaux qui ruminent’, Dict. de l’Acad. (1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arblast,</span></span> a cross-bow used for the discharge of arrows, bolts, stones, &amp;c.,
Caxton, Chron. Eng. xxviii. 23 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>arblaste</span> (Rob. Glouc., ed. 1810,
377). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>arbeleste</span>, Late L. <span class='it'>arcubalista</span>, a bow for throwing missiles.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arblaster,</span></span> a cross-bowman, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 144, back, 20;
lf. 284, back, 30. ME. <span class='it'>arblaster</span> (K. Alisaunder, ed. Weber, 2613). Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>arblaster</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>arcubalistarius</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='arcted'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arcted,</span></span> pp. closely allied. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 336.
L. <span class='it'>arctare</span>, to draw close; from <span class='it'>arctus</span>, confined. See <span class='bold'><a href='#art'>art</a></span> (to constrain).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arecte,</span></span> to assign, attribute, impute. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 95. The
form used by Lydgate for <span class='it'>arette</span>. Med. L. <span class='it'>arrectare</span>, to accuse (Ducange),
due to association with <span class='it'>rectum</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#arette'>arette</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>areed,</span></span> to counsel, advise. Milton, P. L. iv. 962; Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, viii. 85; to explain, recount, Drayton, vi. 87. ME. <span class='it'>arede</span>, to explain,
counsel (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>ārǣdan</span>, to explain.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>areed,</span></span> advice. Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Little John); in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 116.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='arette'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arette,</span></span> to count, reckon. Morte Arthur, Caxton’s Pref., leaf. 1, back.
(<span class='it'>Aret</span>, <span class='it'>arret</span>, misused in Spenser in the sense of ‘to entrust, allot’; F. Q.
ii. 8. 8; iii. 8. 7.) ME. <span class='it'>aretten</span>, to count, reckon (Wyclif, Luke xxii. 37).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aretter</span>, to lay to one’s charge (Rough List); cp. Span. <span class='it'>retar</span>, to
accuse. O. Prov. <span class='it'>reptar</span>, ‘blâmer, accuser’ (Levy). L. <span class='it'>reputare</span>, to count,
reckon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arew,</span></span> in a row. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 29. Chapman, tr. Iliad, vi. 259;
Odyssey, viii. 679. <span class='it'>Rew</span> is a prov. form of the word ‘row’ (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>a-rew</span>, ‘seriatim’ (Prompt. EETS. 15); <span class='it'>a-rewe</span>, in succession (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1254). OE. <span class='it'>rǣw</span>, a row. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rew'>rew</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argaile,</span></span> argol; i.e. tartar deposited from wine and adhering to the
side of a cask. B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). ME. <span class='it'>argoile</span>, crude
tartar (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 813). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>argoil</span> (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argal,</span></span> therefore. Hamlet, v. 1. 21. A clown’s substitution for L. <span class='it'>ergo</span>,
therefore.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argent,</span></span> silver; hence, money. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 (Roister).
F. <span class='it'>argent</span>. L. <span class='it'>argentum</span>, silver.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argent vive,</span></span> quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon).
Cp. F. <span class='it'>vif-argent</span>, quick-silver (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Argier, Argièr,</span></span> Algier, Algiers. <span class='it'>Argier</span>, Temp. i. 2. 261; <span class='it'>Argiers</span>,
Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Beauf. sen.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argin,</span></span> an embankment in front of a fort, glacis. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine,
iii. 2. 85; 3. 23. Ital. <span class='it'>argine</span>, ‘a banke’ (Florio). See Ducange (s.v.
Arger (‘agger’) and Arginerius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argolet,</span></span> a light-armed horse-soldier. Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2. 2;
iv. 1 (Abdelmelec). F. <span class='it'>argolet</span> (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>argoulet</span>, Essais de Montaigne I.
xxv (ed. 1870, p. 68): ‘Les <span class='it'>argoulets</span> étaient des arquebuisiers à cheval; et
comme ils n’étaient pas considérables en comparaison des autres cavaliers
on a dit un <span class='it'>argoulet</span> pour un homme de néant’ (Ménage).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argolettier,</span></span> a light-armed horse-soldier. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. i.
ch. 25: ‘<span class='it'>Guidone</span>, a banner or cornet for horsemen that be shot, or Argolettiers’,
Florio, Ital. Dict. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argosy,</span></span> a merchant-vessel. Twice used as if it were <span class='it'>plural</span>; Marlowe,
Jew of Malta, i. 1. The original sense was ‘a ship of Ragusa’, the name
of a port in Dalmatia, on the Adriatic. Ragusa appears in 16th-cent.
English as <span class='it'>Aragouse</span>, <span class='it'>Arragosa</span> (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argument,</span></span> subject, topic, theme. Much Ado, i. 1. 266; 1 Hen. IV, ii.
2. 104; ii. 4. 314. So L. <span class='it'>argumentum</span> (Quintilian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arietation,</span></span> an attack with a battering-ram. Bacon, Essay 58, § 8.
L. <span class='it'>ariēs</span>, a ram.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>armado,</span></span> an army. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 14. Span. <span class='it'>armada</span>.
Med. L. <span class='it'>armata</span>, army (Ducange); cp. F. <span class='it'>armée</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>armiger,</span></span> an esquire. Purposely altered to <span class='it'>armigero</span> in Merry Wives,
i. 1. 10. L. <span class='it'>armiger</span>, one who bears arms, in Med. L. an esquire.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>armine,</span></span> a beggar, a poor wretch. London Prodigal, v. 1. 174. Coined
from Du. <span class='it'>arm</span>, poor; and put into the mouth of a supposed Dutchwoman.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>armipotent,</span></span> powerful in arms. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 545; iii. 293.
L. <span class='it'>armipotens</span>, powerful in arms.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arms:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to give arms</span>, to have the right to bear arms, in the heraldic
sense. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aroint thee!,</span></span> begone!, out of the way!, make room!, ‘aroint thee,
witch!’ King Lear, iii. 4. 127; Macbeth, i. 3. 6. ‘A lady well acquainted
with the dialect of Cheshire informed me that the word is still in use there.
For example, if the cow presses too close to the maid who is milking her,
she will give the animal a push, saying at the same time, <span class='it'>’Roynt thee!</span> by
which she means, stand off’ (Nares). <span class='it'>Roint</span> is used in this sense in the
north country: Yorks., Lancs., and Cheshire (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>rȳm ðū, gerȳm
ðū</span>, make thou room, cp. <span class='it'>rȳm þysum men setl</span>, give this man place (Luke
xiv. 9); <span class='it'>rȳman</span>, to make room, deriv. of <span class='it'>rūm</span>, wide, roomy. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arpine, arpent,</span></span> a French acre. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 (near
the end). F. <span class='it'>arpent</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arraign,</span></span> to arrange, place. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Suffolk), ed. Dyce,
p. 187: ‘See them arraign’d, I will set forward straight’, Webster (Wks.
ii. 261). See Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arras-powder,</span></span> orris-powder. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed.
Dyce, p. 41. So also <span class='it'>arras</span>, orris; Duchess of Malfi, iii. 2 (Duchess). See
Halliwell (s.v. Arras (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arraught,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, seized forcibly, with violence. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 34.
ME. <span class='it'>arahte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>arachen</span>, to obtain, attain (Gower, C. A. i. 3207). OE.
<span class='it'>ārǣcan</span>, to attain.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arre,</span></span> to snarl as a dog. ‘They <span class='it'>arre</span> and bark’, Nash, Summer’s Last
Will (Autumn), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 44; ‘a dog snarling <span class='it'>er</span>’, B.
Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1. 691 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arrearages,</span></span> arrears. Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria); Cymb. ii.
4. 13. OF. <span class='it'>arerage</span>; from <span class='it'>arere</span>, behind.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arrect,</span></span> to direct upwards, to raise. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 55; to
set upright, ‘I arecte .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. or set up a thyng; <span class='it'>Je metz sus .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. je metz debout</span>’,
Palsgrave. From L. <span class='it'>arrect-</span>, pp. stem of <span class='it'>arrigere</span>, to raise up.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arride,</span></span> to please, gratify. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, ii.
1 (Fastidious); Marmion, The Antiquary, ii. 1 (Mocinigo). L. <span class='it'>arridere</span>,
to smile upon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arrouse,</span></span> to bedew, moisten. Spelt <span class='it'>arowze</span>, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4.
103; <span class='it'>arrowsid</span>, pp., Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 249, back, l. 24. Norm. F.
<span class='it'>ar</span>(<span class='it'>r</span>)<span class='it'>ouser</span>, ‘arroser’ (Moisy). O. Prov. <span class='it'>arozar</span> (Levy). Romanic type *<span class='it'>arrosare</span>,
L. <span class='it'>ad</span> + <span class='it'>rorare</span>, fr. <span class='it'>ros</span>, dew.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arsedine,</span></span> a gold-coloured alloy of copper and zinc, rolled into thin
leaf, and used to ornament toys. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Trash).
Of unknown origin.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arsee-versee,</span></span> <span class='it'>adv.</span>, backside foremost, contrary-wise, conversely.
Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 13; Diogenes, § 45; ‘fighting arsie-versie’,
Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 827; ‘<span class='it'>Cul sur pointe</span>, topsie-turvy, arsie-varsie’,
Cotgrave. In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Arsy-versy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arsmetrike,</span></span> arithmetic. Fabyan, vii. 604 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>arsmetrike</span>
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 2222); <span class='it'>arsmetique</span> (Gower, C. A. vii. 149). OF. <span class='it'>arismetique</span>,
Med. L. <span class='it'>arismetica</span> for L. <span class='it'>arithmetica</span>, Gk. ἡ ἀριθμητική (τέχνη). The
form <span class='it'>arsmetrike</span> is due to popular etymology, which associated the word
with L. <span class='it'>ars metrica</span>, ‘the art of measure’. See NED. (s.v. Arithmetic).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arsmetry,</span></span> a corruption of <span class='it'>arsmetrick</span>, by form-association with <span class='it'>geometry</span>.
Greene, A Looking-glass, iii. 2 (1161); p. 132, col. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arson,</span></span> saddle-bow. ‘The arson of his sadel’, Morte Arthur, leaf 339,
back, 22; bk. xvi. c. 10. F. <span class='it'>arçon</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='art'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>art,</span></span> to constrain. Court of Love, l. 46. ‘I <span class='it'>arte</span>, I constrayne’, Palsgrave.
L. <span class='it'>artare</span>, to confine. See <span class='bold'><a href='#arcted'>arcted</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>artier,</span></span> an artery. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 (Physician). F. <span class='it'>artere</span>,
‘an artery’ (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>arteria</span>, Gk. ἀρτηρία.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>artillery,</span></span> missile weapons. ‘<span class='it'>Artillarie</span> now a dayes is taken for ii.
thinges, Gunnes and Bowes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 65; Bacon, Essay
29, § 3; Fairfax, Tasso xvii. 49; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Sam. xx. 40 (AV.). Norm. F.
<span class='it'>artillerie</span>, ‘armes de jet et de trait, non à feu; comme arbalètes, flèches,
lances, etc.’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>askaunces,</span></span> as if, as much as to say. Gascoigne, Dan Bartholomew;
ed. Hazlitt, i. 113, l. 4; i. 136, l. 16. So in Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 838. Cp. OF.
<span class='it'>quanses</span>, as if (Godefroy). See Romania, xviii. 152; Cliges (ed. Förster,
l. 4553, note). The M. Dutch <span class='it'>quansijs</span> (as if saying, as much as to say)
in Reinaert, 2569 (ed. Martin, p. 78) is probably the same word as the
OF. <span class='it'>quanses</span>. The Chaucerian use of <span class='it'>ascaunces</span> in Tr. and Cr. i. 205, 292 is
precisely the same as that of <span class='it'>als quansijs</span> in Reinaert.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aspect,</span></span> (<span class='it'>aspéct</span>), the peculiar position and influence of a planet. King
Lear, ii. 2. 112. Common. ME. <span class='it'>aspect</span>, the angular distance between two
planets (Chaucer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>asper,</span></span> a Turkish coin worth about two farthings or less. Fletcher,
Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Jamie). F. <span class='it'>aspre</span>. Byzantine Gk. ἄσπρον, white money,
from ἄσπρος, white.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>asprely,</span></span> fiercely. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 17. § 8. OF.
<span class='it'>aspre</span>; L. <span class='it'>asper</span>, fierce.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assalto,</span></span> assault. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 (Bobadil). Ital. <span class='it'>assalto</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assassinate,</span></span> an assassin, murderer. Dryden, Span. Friar, iv. 1
(Dominic); Don Sebastian, v. 1 (Almeyda).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assay,</span></span> proof, trial; attempt; attack. Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; ii. 2. 71;
iii. 3. 69. <span class='it'>At all assays</span>, in every trial or juncture, in any case, on every
occasion, always, Drayton, Harmony of the Church, Ecclus. xxxvi. st. 6;
‘At all assayes, <span class='it'>en tous poynts</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>assay</span>, trial (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 290). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assai</span> (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assinego,</span></span> a donkey, a dolt. Also <span class='it'>asinego</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful
Lady, v. 4 (Welford); <span class='it'>asinigo</span>, Marmion, Antiquary, v. 1 (Ant.). Spelt
<span class='it'>asinico</span> in ed. 1606; Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 49; Span. <span class='it'>asnico</span>, ‘a little asse’
(Minsheu), deriv. of <span class='it'>asno</span>, an ass, L. <span class='it'>asinus</span>, ass.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assistant,</span></span> used by Fletcher for Span. <span class='it'>asistente</span>, the chief officer of
justice at Seville. Span. Curate, iii. 1. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assoil,</span></span> to set free, to dispel. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 58; iv. 5. 30. A
peculiar use of <span class='it'>assoil</span>, to absolve. ME. <span class='it'>assoilen</span>, to absolve, pardon, discharge
(Chaucer). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assoiler</span>, to pardon (Rough List); <span class='it'>-soiler</span> is formed from
the present stem <span class='it'>soille</span> of the verb <span class='it'>soldre</span>, Romanic type <span class='it'>sol’re</span>, L. <span class='it'>solvere</span>, to loosen.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assoil,</span></span> used for <span class='it'>soil</span>, to sully, taint. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, iii. 1
(Euphanes). [NED. quotes a modern instance, from D’Israeli.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assot,</span></span> to befool, make a fool of. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 8; iii. 8. 22;
<span class='it'>assot</span>, pp. infatuated, Shep. Kal., March, 25. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assoter</span>, to make a
fool of, deriv. of <span class='it'>sot</span>, a fool (Gower). Med. L. <span class='it'>sottus</span>, ‘stolidus, bardus,
simplex’ .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. ‘hinc Carolus Sottus, qui vulgo “Simplex” ’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assurd,</span></span> to burst forth. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 302. OF. <span class='it'>assordre</span>,
<span class='it'>essordre</span>, L. <span class='it'>exsurgere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assured,</span></span> affianced. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 145; King John, ii. 535.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astart,</span></span> to start up. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 29.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astarte,</span></span> to escape. Turbervile, Hunting, 138. ME. <span class='it'>asterte</span>, to escape
(Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1802).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astert,</span></span> to come suddenly upon, happen suddenly to. Spenser, Shep.
Kal., Nov., 187. ME. <span class='it'>asterte</span>, to happen, befall (Gower, C. A. i. 722; v. 707).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astone,</span></span> to astound, confound. Peele, Sir Clyomon; ed. Dyce, p. 526.
ME. <span class='it'>aston-en</span> (Chaucer); OF. <span class='it'>estoner</span>; Pop. Lat. <span class='it'>extonare</span>, for L. <span class='it'>attonare</span>, to
stun, stupefy as by thunder, <span class='it'>tonare</span>, to thunder.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='astonied'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astonied,</span></span> astonished, astounded. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, AV.: Job xvii. 8; Jer. xiv. 9;
North’s Plutarch, M. Antonius (ed. Skeat, p. 204); stunned, Spenser, Shep.
Kal., July, 227; spelt <span class='it'>astoynde</span>, astounded, Sackville Mirrour, Induct. 29.
ME. <span class='it'>astonie</span>, to amaze (Chaucer, H. Fame, iii. 1174). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stoin'>stoin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astracism,</span></span> an astracism, or collection of stars. ‘The threefold astracism’,
Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. Possibly a deriv. of Med. L. <span class='it'>astracum</span>
‘pavimentum domus’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. <span class='it'>astracco</span>, a fretted ceiling
(Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>at-after,</span></span> after. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 22; Richard III, iv. 3. 31.
In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Shropshire
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>at after</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1445).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>at all!</span></span> a gamester’s exclamation, when he challenges all present. ‘Cry
at all!’, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2. 4; ‘have at all!’, Skelton, Bowge
of Courte, 391.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atchievement,</span></span> ‘achievement’, an ensign memorial granted in memory
of some achievement or distinguished feat. Milton, Tetrachordon (Trench,
Sel. Gl.); Dryden, Palamon, iii. 344, 932.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>athanor,</span></span> an alchemist’s furnace. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle).
Arab. <span class='it'>attannūr</span>; <span class='it'>al</span>, the, <span class='it'>tannūr</span>, furnace.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atomy,</span></span> an atom. As You Like It, iii. 2. 245; a tiny being, id. iii. 5. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='atomy2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atomy,</span></span> an emaciated person, a walking skeleton. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 33
(Qu. 1597). For <span class='it'>anatomy</span> (a skeleton), the <span class='it'>an-</span> being taken for the indef.
article.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atone,</span></span> to set two persons ‘at one’. ‘Since we cannot atone you’,
Richard III, i. 1. 202; to agree, Coriolanus, iv. 6. 72.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atonement,</span></span> reconciliation. Richard III, i. 3. 36; Beaumont and Fl.,
Bloody Brother, i. 1 (Rolls).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attaint,</span></span> to hit, strike, wound. ‘His attainted thigh’, Chapman, tr.
of Iliad, xi. 572; <span class='it'>attaint</span>, pp. stricken, Sackville, Induction, st. 15. ‘I
<span class='it'>atteynt</span>, I hyt or touche a thyng, <span class='it'>Iattayngs</span>’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attame,</span></span> to commence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 19, 12; lf. 71, back,
28. OF. <span class='it'>atamer</span>; L. <span class='it'>attaminare</span>, to lay hands on. Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>entamenar</span>.
‘entamer’ (Levy). See Hatzfeld (s.v. Entamer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atte,</span></span> for <span class='it'>at the</span>; <span class='it'>atte last</span>, at the last; <span class='it'>atte castel</span>, at the castle; Morte
Arthur (see Glossary); <span class='it'>atten ale</span> (<span class='it'>at nale</span>), at the ale-house; Skelton, Bowge
of Courte, 387. ME. <span class='it'>atte</span>, at the (Chaucer); <span class='it'>atte nale</span>, at the ale-house (P.
Plowman, c. viii. 19).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attend,</span></span> attendance. Greene, A Looking-glass, i. 1. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attent,</span></span> attentive, attentively. Milton, P. R. i. 385; Dryden, Wife of
Bath, 310.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attentate,</span></span> a criminal attempt or assault. Bacon, Henry VII, ed.
Lumby, p. 86. F. <span class='it'>attentat</span>, ‘tentative criminelle’ (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atteynt,</span></span> an ‘attaint’, a wound on a horse’s foot due to a blow or
injury; either from overstepping, or from being trodden on by another
horse. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 113; Topsell, Four-footed Beasts, 313
(NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attonce,</span></span> at once. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 2 (Paris); iv. 1 (Paris).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attract,</span></span> an attractive quality, charm. ‘The Soule .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. glides after
these attracts’, Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 117). Late L. <span class='it'>attractus</span>,
attraction.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attrapt,</span></span> ‘trapped’, furnished with ‘trappings’; said of a horse.
Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attrite,</span></span> worn by friction. Milton, P. L. x. 1073. L. <span class='it'>attritus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atwite,</span></span> to reproach, upbraid, twit. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 85; spelt <span class='it'>attwite</span>, Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iii. 25. OE. <span class='it'>æt</span>,
prep., and <span class='it'>wītan</span>, to blame. The mod. E. <span class='it'>twit</span> is a shortened form of <span class='it'>atwite</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>auberge,</span></span> a lodging, a term technically applied to a reception-house
provided by the Knights Hospitallers, hence, to their fraternity. Beaumont
and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 3 (Mountferrat). F. <span class='it'>auberge</span>, O. Prov.
<span class='it'>alberga</span>. Cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>albergia</span>, ‘apud Milites Hospital. S. Joan. Hieros.
vocantur domus, in quibus Fratres Ordinis per nationes una comedunt et
congregantur. Statuta ejusd. Ordin. tit. 19 § 3’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aubifane,</span></span> the corn blue-bottle, <span class='it'>Centaurea cyanus</span>. Peacham, Comp.
Gentleman, c. 14, p. 158. F. <span class='it'>aubifoin</span>, the weed Blew-bottle (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='auke1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>auke,</span></span> backward, contrary to the usual way, from left to right. ‘With
an auke stroke’, Morte Arthur, leaf 156, back; bk. viii. c. 25 (end);
‘Ringing as awk as the bells, to give notice of the conflagration’, Lestrange,
Fables (NED.). In E. Anglia bells are said to be ‘rung awk’ when they
are rung backward or contrary to the usual way, to give alarm of fire
(EDD.). The word is found in many German dialects: Kurhessen, <span class='it'>afk</span>
perverse (Vilmar). See <span class='bold'><a href='#awk'>awk</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>auke,</span></span> untoward, froward. Tusser, Husbandry, § 62. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aukly,</span></span> inauspiciously; said of the flight of birds. Golding, Metam.
v. 147; fol. 57, back.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='aulf'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aulf,</span></span> elf, goblin. Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 10. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ouphe'>ouphe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='aumayld'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aumayld,</span></span> enamelled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 57. Deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>amail</span>,
for <span class='it'>esmail</span>, enamel. See <span class='bold'><a href='#amell'>amell</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='aums-ace'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aums-ace,</span></span> double aces; given as the name of a card-game. Interlude
of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ames-ace'>ames-ace</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aunt,</span></span> a cant term for a bawd or procuress. Middleton, A Trick to
Catch, ii. 1 (first speech); Michaelmas Term, ii. 3 (Thomasine).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aunters:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>in aunters</span>, in case, in case that, if. ‘In aunters
the Englishmen shoulde sturre’, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 57.
<span class='it'>Aunters</span> (without <span class='it'>in</span>) was used in the same sense, and represented an
adverbial form founded on <span class='it'>aunter</span>, a contraction of <span class='it'>aventure</span> (Mod. E. <span class='it'>adventure</span>);
see <span class='it'>Aunters</span> in NED. Cp. the Yorkshire word <span class='it'>anters</span>: ‘We must
have it ready, anters they come’ (i.e. in case they come); see EDD. (s.v.
Aunters, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>autem mort,</span></span> a married woman (Cant). ‘<span class='it'>Autem-mortes</span> be maried
wemen’, Harman, Caveat, p. 67. He adds ‘for Autem in their [slang]
language is a Churche; so she is a wyfe maried at the Church’. Spelt
<span class='it'>autumn mort</span>, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avails,</span></span> profits, proceeds, ‘vails’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 94).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avale, avail,</span></span> to sink, descend, droop; also, to lower, let down. To
sink, Spenser. F. Q. i. 1. 21; iii. 2. 29; to descend, ii. 9. 10; iv. 3. 46;
to droop, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8; to lower, let down, F. Q. iv. 10. 19; Shep.
Kal., Jan., 73. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avaler</span>, to lower, bring down, swallow, deriv. of
<span class='it'>aval</span>, down, lit. to the valley (Gower), L. <span class='it'>ad vallem</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avaunce,</span></span> to advance, promote, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 71. ME. <span class='it'>avaunce</span>,
to promote (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2022). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avancer</span> (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avaunt,</span></span> to ‘vaunt’, boast. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6. ME. <span class='it'>avaunten</span>
(Chaucer). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’avanter</span>, to boast; <span class='it'>avantance</span>, <span class='it'>avanterie</span>, boasting
(Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ave-Mary bell,</span></span> a bell rung daily (once or twice) to direct the recital
of an Ave-Maria, or prayer to the Virgin. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici,
pt. 1. § 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avenant,</span></span> suitable; <span class='it'>after the avenant</span>, in proportion, Caxton, Hist. Troye,
leaf 149. 30; <span class='it'>at avenant</span>, in proportion, id. lf. 225. 4. ‘Fayre and avenant’,
fair and graceful, id. lf. 256. 4. ME. <span class='it'>avenaunt</span>, graceful, comely (Chaucer,
Rom. Rose, 1263). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avenant</span>, suitable, agreeable (Gower), pres. pt.
of <span class='it'>avenir</span>, to be suitable (id.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avente him,</span></span> to refresh himself with air. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf
298. 2. ME. <span class='it'>aventen</span>, to open the helmet to admit the cool air, to refresh
with cool air (Merlin, xx. 335). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aventer</span>; cp. OF. <span class='it'>esventer</span> (mod.
<span class='it'>éventer</span>), Med. L. <span class='it'>eventare</span> (Ducange), L. <span class='it'>ex</span> + <span class='it'>ventus</span>, wind.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aventre</span></span> (?). ‘[She] aventred her spear’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28;
‘[He] aventred his spear’, iv. 3. 9; ‘aventring his lance’, iv. 6. 11. The
phrase ‘they aventred their speres’ occurs in King Arthur (ed. Copland);
see NED. Can this word be an error for <span class='it'>aveutre</span>? <span class='it'>Aveutre</span> = <span class='it'>afeutre</span> = OF.
<span class='it'>afeutrer</span>, to lay a spear in rest in the <span class='it'>feutre</span>, the felt-lined socket for a lance
or spear attached to the saddle of a knight. Spenser has the verb <span class='it'>fewter</span>
equivalent in meaning to <span class='it'>afeutrer</span> in F. Q. iv. 6. 10: ‘He his threatfull
speare Gan fewter’. See NED. (s.v. Fewter).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aventure,</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>at aventure</span>, at adventure, at hazard, at random.
<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Kings xxii. 34 (improperly printed <span class='it'>at a venture</span>); ‘Certayn .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
rode forthe at adventure’, Berners, Froissart, I. cxcii. ME. <span class='it'>aventure</span>, chance,
peril (Gower). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aventure</span>, chance, danger, uncertainty: <span class='it'>par aventure</span>
(Gower, Mirour, 1239).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>averruncate,</span></span> to avert, ward off. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, c. 1. 758.
L. <span class='it'>auerruncare</span>, to avert. Often explained in the 17th cent. by ‘to weed
out’, or ‘to root up’, but Butler uses the word correctly. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aversation,</span></span> aversion. Bacon, Essay 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avile,</span></span> to hold cheap, think little of. B. Jonson, Prince Henry’s Barriers
(Lady). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aviler</span>, to debase (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avise,</span></span> to see, observe; to think; <span class='it'>refl.</span> to bethink. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1.
31; iv. 2. 22; iii. 12. 10; <span class='it'>refl.</span> ii. 6. 46; iii. 3. 6. <span class='it'>To be avised of</span>, to be well
informed about, Merry Wives, i. 4. 106; Meas. ii. 2. 132. ME. <span class='it'>avise</span>, refl.
to consider (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 664). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’aviser</span>, to take thought
(Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avisefull,</span></span> observant. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 26.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avision,</span></span> a dream, vision. Douglas, Aeneid, iii. 1. 69. ME. <span class='it'>avisioun</span>
(Lydgate, Temple of Glas, 1374). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avisioun</span> (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aviso,</span></span> advice, intelligence, piece of information. B. Jonson, Magn.
Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Habington, Castara, ed. Arber, p. 102. Span. <span class='it'>aviso</span>,
information.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avouch,</span></span> to maintain, make good. Mids. Night’s D., i. 1. 106; Tusser,
Husbandry, § 10. 12. Hence <span class='it'>avouch</span>, assurance, Hamlet, i. 1. 37.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avoure,</span></span> acknowledgement, avowal. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 48. OF. <span class='it'>avouer</span>,
an avowal, prop. infin., to avow.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avoutry,</span></span> adultery. Paston, Letters, no. 883; vol. iii, p. 317; Hickscorner,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 175. ME. <span class='it'>avouterye</span> (Chaucer). Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>avoulterie</span> (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avowre,</span></span> to vow, devote. Only in Phaer, Aeneid, viii. 85, Latin text
(M iiij, l. 6). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awaite:</span></span> <span class='it'>in await</span> (<span class='it'>awate</span>), in ambush. Fairfax, tr. Tasso, v. 18. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>en await</span> (<span class='it'>agwait</span>, <span class='it'>agueit</span>, <span class='it'>agait</span>), in ambush, lying in wait (Rough List, s.v.
Await).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awaite:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to have good awaite</span>, to take good care. Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. ii, ch. 5, § 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a-wallop,</span></span> in a boiling state, boiling quickly. Golding, Metam. vii. 263;
fol. 82 (1603). Cp. the prov. word <span class='it'>wallop</span>, ‘to boil violently with a bubbling
sound’, in common use in Scotland and in various parts of England. See
EDD. (s.v. Wallop, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='awbe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awbe,</span></span> a bull-finch. Gascoigne, Philomene, l. 35. ME. <span class='it'>alpe</span>, ‘ficedula’
(Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#nope'>nope</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awful,</span></span> profoundly reverential. Richard II, iii. 3. 76; Dryden, Britannia,
106.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awhape,</span></span> to amaze, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 5; v. 11. 32. ME.
<span class='it'>awhapen</span> (Chaucer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='awk'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awk,</span></span> reversed; <span class='it'>the awk end</span>, the wrong end, the other end. Golding,
Metam. xiv. 300 (L. ‘conversae verbere virgae’); fol. 170, back (1603). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#auke1'>auke</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awkward,</span></span> untoward, unfavourable, adverse. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 83;
Marlowe, Edw. II, iv. 6. 34.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>axtree,</span></span> axle-tree. Drayton, Pol. i. 498. Still in prov. use, see EDD.
(s.v. Ax, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3). OE. <span class='it'>œx-trēo</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aygulets,</span></span> an aglet, metal tag. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25. A doublet of
<span class='it'>aglet</span>. Spenser seems to speak here of the bright metal tops or tags of lace,
which he likens to stars; as in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 4. 2. F. <span class='it'>aiguillette</span>,
a point (Cotgr.), dimin. of <span class='it'>aiguille</span>, a needle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ayle,</span></span> a grandfather. ‘<span class='it'>Ayle</span>, <span class='it'>Pere</span>, and <span class='it'>Fitz</span>, grandfather, father, and son’,
Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i (Jerry). ME. <span class='it'>ayel</span>, grandfather (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span>
2477). Norm. F. <span class='it'>aiel</span> (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>azoch,</span></span> ‘azoth’, the alchemist’s name for quicksilver. B. Jonson,
Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt <span class='it'>assogue</span>. F. <span class='it'>assogue</span>; Span. <span class='it'>azogue</span>,
quicksilver; Arab. <span class='it'>az-zāūq</span>; <span class='it'>zāūq</span> is adapted from Pers. <span class='it'>zhīwah</span> (<span class='it'>jīvah</span>), quicksilver.
See NED., Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Azogue).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='B'>B</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>babion,</span></span> baboon. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus);
Drayton, Man in the Moon, 331; spelt <span class='it'>babyone</span> Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124,
l. 163. F. ‘<span class='it'>babion</span>, a babion or baboone’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bable,</span></span> a ‘bauble’, a toy, trick, fancy. ‘Has fill’d my head So full of
<span class='it'>bables</span>’ (some edd. <span class='it'>baubles</span>), Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4. 7;
‘That <span class='it'>bable</span> called love’, Lyly, Endimion, iii. 3 (Epi.). OF. <span class='it'>babel</span>, <span class='it'>baubel</span>,
a child’s plaything (Godefroy); <span class='it'>beau</span> + <span class='it'>bel</span>, cp. F. <span class='it'>bonbon</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bace,</span></span> (Spenser); see <span class='bold'><a href='#base'>base</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bacharach'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bacharach, backrack,</span></span> the name of a wine. Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, v. 2 (Vandunke); <span class='it'>Bacrack</span>, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 300. From
<span class='it'>Bacharach</span>, on the Rhine. See <span class='bold'><a href='#backrag'>backrag</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>back,</span></span> a bat. <span class='it'>Backes</span> or reermice; Golding, Metam., iv. 415; fol. 49
(1603). The pl. <span class='it'>backes</span> is the form used by Wyclif, Coverdale and the
Geneva Bible, in Isaiah ii. 20, where AV. has <span class='it'>battes</span>, see NED. (s.v. Bat).
In Scotland the usual word for the bat is <span class='it'>Backie</span> (or <span class='it'>Backie-bird</span>), see EDD.
(s.v. Backie, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>backare!,</span></span> go back, keep back. ‘<span class='it'>Backare! quod Mortimer to his sow</span>;
i.e. keep back, said Mortimer’; an old proverb, often quoted against
such as are too forward, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Roister); Tam.
Shrew, ii. 1. 72. See EDD. (s.v. Baccare).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='backcheat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>backcheat,</span></span> stolen apparel, lit. things from the back. (Thieves’ cant.)
‘Back or belly-cheats’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='backrag'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>backrag,</span></span> the name of a wine. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1 (Bornwell);
Mayne, City Match, i. 3 (near the end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bacharach'>bacharach</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>backside,</span></span> a yard behind a farmhouse. Witch of Edmonton, iv. 1
(Old Banks). Very common in prov. usage, see EDD. (s.v. Backside, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>badger-nab,</span></span> a strong little badger. ‘<span class='it'>Meg</span> [a witch] What Beast was
by thee hither rid? <span class='it'>Mawd</span> [second witch] A Badger-nab’, Heywood,
Witches of Lancs., iv. 1, vol. iv. p. 220. Cp. <span class='it'>knab</span>, a strong boy, a thickset,
strong little animal (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baffle,</span></span> to treat with ignominy and contempt. It was originally a
punishment inflicted on recreant knights, one part of it being that the
victim was hung up by the heels and beaten. See Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7.
27; Beaumont and Fl., A King and no King, iii. 2 (Bessus); 1 Hen. IV,
i. 2. 113; Richard II, i. 1. 170. See Trench, Select Glossary, and NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bag:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to give the bag</span>, to cheat. Westward Ho, iv. 2 (Honeysuckle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bagage,</span></span> refuse, worthless stuff; ‘When brewers put no bagage in
their beere’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1082; Tusser, Husbandry, st. 21.
An Essex word in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. Baggage, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Cp. Port.
<span class='it'>bagaço</span>, ‘marc; ce qui reste de plus grossier de quelque fruit, qu’on a
pressé pour en retirer le suc’ (Roquette).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bagatine,</span></span> a small Italian coin, worth about the third part of a farthing.
B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 2 (Vol.). Ital. <span class='it'>bagatino</span>, <span class='it'>bagattino</span>, ‘a little coyne
vsed in Italie’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bagle,</span></span> a staff, or crosier such as a bishop carries. <span class='it'>Bagle-rod</span>, Phaer,
tr. of Aeneid, vii. 188 (see the side-note). Icel. <span class='it'>bagall</span>, a crosier, L. <span class='it'>baculum</span>,
a rod, staff.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bague, baghe,</span></span> a ring, brooch. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 54, back, 8;
lf. 98. 11. F. <span class='it'>bague</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baies,</span></span> scoldings (?). ‘Ill servant .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. deserveth hir fee to be paid hir
with <span class='it'>baies</span>’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bain,</span></span> a bath. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, x. 567; to bathe, Greene, The
Palmer’s Verses, l. 88 (Capricornus); <span class='it'>bayne</span>, Surrey, Desc. of restless state
of a Lover, 13. F. <span class='it'>bain</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bain,</span></span> supple, lithe. Golding, Metam. iv. 354 (fol. 48); xv. 202; fol. 182
(1603). In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bain, sb. 1). ME. <span class='it'>beyn</span>,
‘flexibilis’ (Prompt.). Icel. <span class='it'>beinn</span>, straight; also, ready to serve.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bains;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#banes'>banes</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bait,</span></span> to stop at an inn to feed the horses, also to stop for refreshment;
used <span class='it'>fig.</span> ‘Evil news rides post, while good news baits’, Milton, Samson,
1538. In prov. use in the sense of stopping to feed. See EDD. (s.v. Bait,
vb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bald,</span></span> marked with white upon the head. Hence ‘bald coot’, a coot
(<span class='it'>Fulica atra</span>); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 1 (Zanthia). In prov.
use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bale,</span></span> a set of dice; usually three. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host);
Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Young Chartley); A Woman
never vexed, ii. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Bale, sb.<sup>3</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ball,</span></span> a white streak on a horse’s face. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 73.
Hence <span class='it'>ball</span>, as a horse’s name; orig. one marked with a white streak;
Tusser, Husbandry, § 95, st. 2. Prob. of Celtic origin; cp. Gael. <span class='it'>ball</span>, spot,
mark, Breton <span class='it'>bal</span>, a white mark on an animal’s face.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>balloon,</span></span> a game in which a large ball (like a football) was struck by
the arm, which was protected by a stout guard. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Sir
Petronel); Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, iv. 1 (<span class='it'>1st Lady</span>). <span class='it'>Balloo</span>, in the
phr. <span class='it'>at the Balloo</span> (B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1: <span class='it'>Volpone</span>), must be an error for
<span class='it'>at the Balloon</span>, i.e. when playing at the game. Also <span class='it'>balloon-ball</span>, Middleton,
Game at Chess, ii. 1 (B. Knight).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ballow,</span></span> smooth. ‘Ballowe wood’, i.e. smooth wood without bark, see
Nottingham Corporation Records, ed. Stevenson, vol. iv, Glossary (date of
entry 1504); ‘The ballow nag’, Drayton, Pol. iii. 24. ME. <span class='it'>balhow</span>, smooth,
plain (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 136).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>ballow,</span> in King Lear, iv. 6. 247, prob. means a quarter-staff made from
<span class='it'>ballow</span> wood. See above.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ban,</span></span> to curse, imprecate damnation on. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 25; a curse,
Hamlet, iii. 2. 269. Icel. <span class='it'>banna</span>, to prohibit, curse.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='band1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>band,</span></span> a collar, lying flat upon the dress, worn round the neck by man
or woman. Also called <span class='it'>falling-bands</span>, Middleton, Roaring Girl, i. 1 (Mary).
The falling band succeeded the cumbersome ruff.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>band,</span></span> to bandy about, like a tennis-ball. Look about You, sc. 32, l. 5;
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 490.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>banding-ball,</span></span> a ball to be driven about at tennis or in the game of
bandy. Wounds of Civil War; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 116.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bando,</span></span> a proclamation. Shirley, Sisters, v. 2 (Longino). Ital. <span class='it'>bando</span>,
a public proclamation (Dante).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bandoleer, bandalier,</span></span> a broad belt, worn over the shoulder and
across the breast. Peele, Polyhymnia, The Third Couple (l. 10). Hence,
a wearer of a bandoleer was <span class='it'>himself</span> called by the same name. Thus Gascoigne
has: ‘Their peeces then are called Petronels, And <span class='it'>they themselves</span>
by sundrie names are called, As Bandolliers .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Or .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Petronelliers’,
Works, i. 408. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bandora,</span></span> a kind of guitar; now called <span class='it'>banjo</span>. Middleton, Your Five
Gallants, v. 2 (hymn); also <span class='it'>pandore</span>, Drayton, Pol. iv. 361. Ital. <span class='it'>pandora</span>,
a bandora (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bandrol,</span></span> a long narrow flag, with a cleft end; a streamer from a lance.
Drayton, Pol. xxii. 211. Spelt <span class='it'>bannerall</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 26. F. <span class='it'>banderole</span>,
a little flag or streamer, a penon (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='banes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>banes,</span></span> ‘banns’ of marriage (the usual spelling to 1661); Tam. Shrew,
ii, 1. 181; spelt <span class='it'>bains</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 36. ME. <span class='it'>bane</span> of a play (or
mariage, Pynson), ‘banna’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bangling,</span></span> frivolous contention, squabbling. Englishmen for my
Money, iv. 1 (Heigham); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 528.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>banquerout, bankrout,</span></span> a bankrupt. Webster, Appius, v. 2 (Virginius);
Com. Errors, iv. 2. See Dict. (s.v. Bankrupt).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>banquet,</span></span> a slight refection, a dessert after dinner. Tam. Shrew, v. 2.
9; Timon, i. 2. 160; ‘The Banquet is brought in’, Middleton, No Wit like
a Woman’s, ii. 1 (stage direction).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barate,</span></span> treason. Caxton, Hist. Troye, 327, back, 10; 335. 29. OF.
<span class='it'>barat</span>, deceit. See NED. (s.v. Barrat).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barathrum,</span></span> abyss, a bottomless pit. ‘To the lowest barathrum’,
Heywood, Silver Age (Pluto), vol. iii. p. 159; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> ‘You barathrum
of the shambles!’ Massinger, New Way, iii. 2 (Greedy); (cp. <span class='it'>barathrumque
macelli</span>, Horace, Epist. i. 15. 31). L. <span class='it'>barathrum</span>, the underworld; Gk.
βάραθρον, the yawning cleft near the Acropolis at Athens, down which
criminals were thrown.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='baratour'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baratour,</span></span> a quarrelsome person, a brawler, a rowdy, Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. ii. c. 12. § 8. ME. <span class='it'>baratowre</span>, ‘pugnax, rixosus, jurgosus’
(Prompt.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>barateur</span> ‘provocateur, querelleur’ (Moisy), deriv. of
<span class='it'>barat</span>, ‘lutte, dispute’ (id.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baratresse,</span></span> a female warrior. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 500.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baratto, barrato,</span></span> a small boat; explained as ‘an Indian boat’.
Fletcher, Island Princess, i. 1. 19; ii. 6 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barb,</span></span> to shave. Turbervile, Trag. T. 53 (NED.); to mow, Marston,
Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole); to clip money, B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1
(Face). F. <span class='it'>barber,</span> to shave, to cut the beard (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barbed,</span></span> wearing a barb. From <span class='it'>barb</span>, lit. a beard (F. <span class='it'>barbe</span>); hence,
a piece of white plaited linen, passed over or under the chin, and reaching
midway to the waist; chiefly worn by nuns. ‘Barbyd lyke a nonne’,
Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1000.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bard;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#barred'>barred</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bard cater-tray,</span></span> for <span class='it'>barred cater-tray</span>, a kind of false dice in which
the throws <span class='it'>cater</span> (four) and <span class='it'>tray</span> (three) were <span class='it'>barred</span>, or prevented from being
likely to appear. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). NED.
quotes from Diceplay (1532), ed. 1850, p. 24:—‘a well-favoured die that
seemeth good and square, yet is the forehead longer on the cater and
tray than any other, way .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Such be also called <span class='it'>bard cater-tres</span>, because,
commonly, the longer end will, of his own sway, draw downwards, and
turn up to the eye sice, sinke, deuis or ace; i.e. 6, 5, 2, or 1, but not
4 or 3’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baretour,</span></span> a fighting man, a brawler. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aen. i. 472;
id. i. 142. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>barettour</span> (Rough List). See <span class='bold'><a href='#baratour'>baratour</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bargenette, bargynet,</span></span> the name of a rustic dance, accompanied
with a song. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 20. § 12; Gascoigne, ed.
Hazlitt, i. 430. Variant of <span class='it'>bargaret</span> or <span class='it'>bargeret</span>; F. <span class='it'>bergerette</span>, ‘chant que
les bergers chantaient le jour de Pâques’ (Hatzfeld). See NED. (s.v.
Bargeret).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barley-bread,</span></span> coarse food. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 637.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='barley-break'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barley-break,</span></span> an old country-game; usually one couple, left in a
middle den termed ‘hell’, had to catch the other two couples (who were
allowed to separate and ‘break’ when hard pressed, and thus to change
partners); when caught, they had to take their turn as catchers. <span class='it'>Two
Noble Kinsmen</span>, iv. 3. 34; ‘A course at <span class='it'>barley-break</span>’, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd,
A. i (Clarion). The last couple left were said to be in hell: ‘<span class='it'>Barly-break:
or Last in Hel</span>’, a poem by Herrick. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barley-hood,</span></span> a fit of ill-temper, brought on by drunkenness. So
called because caused by <span class='it'>barley</span>, i.e. malt liquor. Skelton, El. Rummyng,
372. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barn,</span></span> a ‘bairn’, a child. Much Ado, iii. 4. 48. ME. <span class='it'>barne</span>, ‘infans’
(Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>bearn</span> (Anglian <span class='it'>barn</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barnacles,</span></span> barnacle-geese. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 305 (where the fable
is given). See EDD. (s.v. Barnacle, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barratry,</span></span> vexatious persistence in litigation. Butler, Hudibras, iii.
3. 695. See <span class='bold'><a href='#baratour'>baratour</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barrèd,</span></span> misused for <span class='it'>barded</span>, i.e. caparisoned. Drayton, Pol. xii. 481.
Shortened to <span class='it'>bard</span>; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iii. 1 (Cornwall).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='barred'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barred gown,</span></span> a gown marked with stripes or bars of gold lace, like
that of a judge or law-officer. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, i. 1 (Rolliardo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barrendry,</span></span> a barony, a title of a baron. Chapman, Humorous Day’s
Mirth, p. 31. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>baronnerie</span>, a baronry, the domain of a baron, the
rank or dignity of baron. See NED. (s.v. Baronry).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barriers,</span></span> lists, as for a tournament. <span class='it'>To fight at barriers</span>, to fight within
lists. ‘<span class='it'>Jeu de Barres</span>, a martial sport of men armed and fighting together
with short swords within certain Barres or lists, whereby they are separated
from the spectators’, Cowel’s Interpreter (ed. 1701). Webster, White
Devil; ed. Dyce, p. 40; at p. 6, the ‘great barriers’ are said ‘to moult
feathers’; alluding to the plumes cut from the helmets of the combatants.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barth,</span></span> a warm place or pasture for calves or lambs. Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 33. 26; Coles, Dict., 1677. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Prob. a derivative
of OE. <span class='it'>beorgan</span>, to shelter, protect.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basciomani,</span></span> kissings of the hand. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 56. Ital.
<span class='it'>basciamano</span>, a kissing of the hand (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='base'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>base,</span></span> or <span class='it'>prison-bars</span>, the name of a boys’ game. <span class='it'>To bid base</span>, to challenge
to pursuit, as in the game, Venus and Adonis, 303; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11.
5; <span class='it'>at bace</span>, id. v. 8. 5. ‘<span class='it'>Barres</span>, play at <span class='it'>bace</span>, or prison Bars’, Cotgrave.
ME. <span class='it'>bace</span>, play, ‘barri’ (Prompt. EETS. 24, see note no. 100). ‘<span class='it'>Barri</span> sunt
ludi, anglicè <span class='it'>bace</span>’ (Wright, Vocab. 176; foot-note).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bases,</span></span> pl. (used like <span class='it'>skirts</span>), applied to a plaited skirt of cloth, velvet,
or rich brocade, appended to the doublet, and reaching from the waist to
the knee, common in the Tudor period. Massinger, Picture, ii. 1 (Sophia);
Chapman, Mask of the Inner Temple, § 2. Called ‘a pair of <span class='it'>bases</span>’, Pericles,
ii. 1. 167.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bash,</span></span> to be abashed, Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 3; Peele, Arraignment
of Paris, iv. 1 (Venus); to make abashed, Greene, Looking Glasse,
i. 1. 75 (Rasni). In prov. use in both senses, see EDD. (s.v. vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basilisk,</span></span> a species of ordnance. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine,
iv. 1. 2; Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 16 (ed. Furnivall,
281).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='basket'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basket, the,</span></span> one in which the broken meat and bread from the sheriffs’
table was carried to the counters, for poor prisoners. Middleton, Inner-Temple
Masque (Dr. Almanac). Hence, <span class='it'>go to the basket</span>, i.e. to prison, Massinger,
Fatal Dowry, v. 1 (Pontalier). Cp. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, iii. 4
(Rolliardo). There were three grades of prisoners in each of the counters;
they occupied, respectively, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward, and
the Hole. Those in the Hole paid nothing for their provisions, but
depended upon the basket.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baslard,</span></span> a kind of hanger, or small sword. Mirror for Mag., Glocester,
st. 18. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>baselard</span>. For the other French forms, <span class='it'>bazelaire</span>, <span class='it'>badelaire</span>,
<span class='it'>beaudelaire</span>, see Ducange (s.vv. Basalardus, Basalaria, Bazalardus, Badelare).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basque,</span></span> a short skirt. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling).
F. <span class='it'>basque</span>, a short skirt (Cotgr.); from <span class='it'>Basque</span>, name of the ancient race inhabiting
both slopes of the western Pyrenees.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bass,</span></span> to kiss. ‘Bas me’, Skelton, Speke Parrot, 106; ‘I <span class='it'>basse</span> or kysse
a person, <span class='it'>Ie baise</span>’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>baiser</span>; L. <span class='it'>basiare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bassa,</span></span> an earlier form of the Turkish military title ‘Bashaw’. Butler,
Hudibras, iii. 3. 306; spelt <span class='it'>basso</span>, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 1. 1. Turkish
<span class='it'>bāshā</span>, prob. fr. <span class='it'>bāsh</span>, a head. See NED. (s.v. Pasha).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basta,</span></span> enough. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 203. Ital. (and Span.) <span class='it'>basta</span>, it is
enough (Florio); Ital. <span class='it'>bastare</span>, and Span. <span class='it'>bastar</span>, to suffice.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bastard,</span></span> a sweet Spanish wine resembling muscatel. 1 Hen. IV, ii.
4. 30; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bastardeigne,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bastard eigné,</span></span> firstborn bastard. Wycherley,
Plain Dealer, iv (Widow). <span class='it'>Eigné</span> is a late spelling of <span class='it'>ayné</span>, <span class='it'>ainé</span>; from F.
<span class='it'>aîné</span>, OF. <span class='it'>ainsné</span>; <span class='it'>ains</span>, before, + <span class='it'>né</span>, born (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bastone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bastone,</span></span> a ‘baton’, cudgel. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.).
ME. <span class='it'>baston</span>, a cudgel (Cursor M. 15827). OF. <span class='it'>baston</span> (F. <span class='it'>bâton</span>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#batoon'>batoon</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>batable,</span></span> debatable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. ‘<span class='it'>Batable
ground</span> seemeth to be the ground in question heretofore whether it belonged
to England or Scotland, 23 Hen. VIII, c. 16, as if we should say debatable
ground,’ Cowell, Interp. (ed. 1637).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bate</span></span> (short for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abate</span></span>), to reduce, diminish, decrease, deduct. Merch.
Ven. iii. 3. 32; iv. 1. 72; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 2; Hamlet, v. 2. 23; to blunt,
Love’s L. L. i. 1. 6. Phr. <span class='it'>to bate an Ace</span>, to abate a tittle, to make the
slightest abatement, Heywood, Witches of Lancashire iv (Robin); vol. iv,
p. 223, l. 2; <span class='it'>Bate me an ace, quod Bolton</span>, an expression of incredulity, R.
Edwards, Damon and P. in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 77 (NED. s.v. Bate,
vb.<sup>2</sup> 6 d).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bate,</span></span> to beat the wings impatiently and flutter away from the fist or
perch. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 199; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 99 (old edd. <span class='it'>bayted</span>).
F. <span class='it'>se battre</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bate,</span></span> bit, a northern form of the pret. of <span class='it'>bite</span>. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 7.
See EDD. (s.v. Bate vb.<sup>4</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>batful,</span></span> fattening, full of sustenance. Drayton, Pol. iii. 349; vii. 93;
&amp;c. See <span class='bold'><a href='#batten'>batten</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='batoon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>batoon, battoon,</span></span> a stick, cudgel. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 (Rogers);
<span class='it'>battoon</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 (Egremont). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bastone'>bastone</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='battaile'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battaile,</span></span> a body of troops in battle array. Bacon, Essay 58, § 9;
<span class='it'>battayle</span>, Psalm lxxvi. 3 (Bible 1539); <span class='it'>the main battle</span>, main body of an armed
force, Richard III, v. 3. 301. Prov. <span class='it'>batalha</span> ‘troupe rangée’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='batten'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>batten,</span></span> to feed gluttonously, Hamlet, iii. 4. 67; to fatten, ‘Battening
our flocks’, Milton, Lycidas, 29; to grow fat, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1
(Moon-calf). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battle,</span></span> (at Oxford) to have a kitchen and buttery account, to obtain
provisions in college. ‘I eat my commons with a good stomach and
battled with discretion’, Puritan Widow, i. 2. 42; ‘To battle, as scholars
do in Oxford, <span class='it'>Estre debteur au College pour ses vivres</span>’, Sherwood, Dict. 1672.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battle, battill,</span></span> to grow fat. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 38; <span class='it'>battling</span>, fattening,
nourishing to cattle, Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 9. 4; nutritious to
man, Golding, tr. of Ovid Met. xv. 359. See <span class='bold'><a href='#batten'>batten</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battle.</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#battaile'>battaille</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battled,</span></span> ‘embattled’, furnished with battlements. Fletcher, Woman’s
Prize, iii. 2 (Maria).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battree,</span></span> a battle, encounter. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, 16; Pompey,
1. Variant of <span class='it'>battery</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='baudkin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baudkin,</span></span> a rich embroidered stuff, a rich brocade. Holland, Camden’s
Brit. i. 174; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 777. Hence, <span class='it'>cloth of bodkin</span>, Shirley,
Lady of Pleasure, iii. 2 (Frederick); B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxviii; Massinger,
City Madam, ii. 1. OF. <span class='it'>baudequin</span>, med. L. <span class='it'>baldakinus</span> (Ducange),
cp. Ital. <span class='it'>baldacchino</span>, lit. belonging to <span class='it'>Baldacco</span>, the Italian name for
Bagdad.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baudricke,</span></span> ‘a baldric’, belt, girdle. Spenser calls the zodiac the
<span class='it'>baudricke</span> (or <span class='it'>bauldricke</span>) of the heavens, F. Q. v. 1. 11; Prothalamion, 174.
ME. <span class='it'>bawdryk</span> (Prompt.), MHG. <span class='it'>balderich</span>, a girdle (Schade). See Dict. (s.v.
Baldric).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bause</span></span> (?). Only in this passage: ‘My spaniel slept, whilst I <span class='it'>baus’d</span>
leaves’, Marston, What you Will, ii. 2 (Lam.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bauson'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bauson, bawson,</span></span> a badger. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 71; <span class='it'>bauzon’s</span>
skin; Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, st. 10. <span class='it'>Bauson</span> is
a common north-country word for a badger, see EDD. Cp. OF. <span class='it'>bausen</span>,
<span class='it'>bauzan</span>, black and white spotted, Ital. <span class='it'>balzano</span>, a horse with white feet
(Florio). See NED. The French word for a badger is <span class='it'>blaireau</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baux</span></span> (a plural form), the name of a breed of swift hounds used in the
chase; ‘Those dogges called Baux of Barbarie, of the whiche Phoebus
doeth speake’, Turbervile, Hunting, ch. i. p. 3; ‘White dogges called
Baux, and surnamed Greffiers’, id. ch. ii, p. 4; ‘<span class='it'>Greffiers</span>, a kind of white
hounds, the same as Bauds’, Cotgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Souillard</span>, the name of a dog,
between which and a bitch called <span class='it'>Baude</span>, the race of the <span class='it'>Bauds</span> (white and
excellent hounds) was begun’ (id.). Comb. <span class='it'>Baux-hound</span>, Holme’s Academy
of Armory, p. 184. F. <span class='it'>baud</span>, ‘chien courant, originaire de Barbarie’
(Hatzfeld). Probably of Germanic origin, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>bald</span>, bold
(Schade).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bavian,</span></span> a baboon, an occasional character in the old Morris dance.
He appears in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. See Nares. Du. <span class='it'>baviaan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bawcock,</span></span> a fine fellow, Hen. V, iii. 2. 27; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 125.
A Lincolnshire word for a foolish person (EDD.). Hence probably the
surname ‘Bawcock’, see Bardsley, 475. F. <span class='it'>beau coq</span>, a fine cock.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bawn,</span></span> a fortified enclosure, outwork of a castle. Spenser, View of
Ireland, Globe ed. p. 642, col. 2. Irish <span class='it'>baḋḃḋún</span>, an enclosure (Dinneen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bawson,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#bauson'>bauson</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bay,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#beck'>beck and bay, at</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bayard,</span></span> the name of the horse given to Renaud, one of the Four Sons
of Aymon (name of a romance), hence, a common name for a horse;
‘Bolde bayarde, ye are to blynde’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 123, l. 101;
<span class='it'>a Bayard’s bun</span>, horse bread, id. i. 15, l. 8. <span class='it'>Bayard</span>, lit. of a bay colour,
O. Prov. <span class='it'>baiart</span>, ‘bai; cheval bai’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bayes,</span></span> ‘baize’. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. v, p. 31. A plural
form of <span class='it'>bay</span>, bay coloured, reddish-brown. See Dict. (s.v. Baize).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beace,</span></span> beasts; pl. of <span class='it'>beast</span>. Golding, Metam. xv. 13. This is the
usual pron. of <span class='it'>beast</span> (and <span class='it'>beasts</span>) in the north of England. For various
spellings—<span class='it'>beas</span>, <span class='it'>beece</span>, <span class='it'>beess</span>, &amp;c., see EDD. (s.v. Beast).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='beached'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beached,</span></span> apparently for <span class='it'>beeked</span>, i.e. seasoned (as wood) by exposure to
heat. ‘A coodgell [cudgel] <span class='it'>beached</span> or pilled [peeled] lawfully’, Turbervile,
Hunting, c. 39; p. 106. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>beke</span>: ‘to beke wandes’ (Cath. Angl.),
see NED. (s.v. Beek vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 b). See <span class='bold'><a href='#beak'>beak</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bead'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bead,</span></span> a prayer, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 872.
This is the orig. sense of mod. E. <span class='it'>bead</span>; a perforated ball was so called
because it was used for counting prayers. ME. <span class='it'>bede</span> ‘oracio’ (Prompt.).
OE. (<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>bed</span> prayer.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bead-roll,</span> a list, catalogue. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 32; <span class='it'>bed-roll</span>, Heywood,
A Woman Killed, iii. 1 (Sir Charles). Properly, a list of persons to be
specially prayed for.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>beadsman,</span> one who prays for another, Two Gent. i. 1. 18. ME. <span class='it'>bedeman</span>,
‘orator, supplicator’ (Prompt.). OE. (<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>bedmann</span> (John iv. 23).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bead-hook,</span></span> a kind of boat-hook. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad xv.
356, 624; Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius). Spelt <span class='it'>beede-hook</span>, Raleigh,
Hist. World (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='beak'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beak, beyk,</span></span> to expose to the warmth of the fire; to season by heat.
‘Beak ourselves’, Grimald, Metrodorus, 3; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 109.
<span class='it'>Beyked</span>, seasoned, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Beek
vb. 1 and 2). See <span class='bold'><a href='#beached'>beached</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beam,</span></span> the main trunk of a stag’s horn which bears the antlers, Turbervile,
Hunting, 53.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beam,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#beme'>beme</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beamy,</span></span> beam-like, massive. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 480; tr. of Aeneid,
xii. 641. Cp. 1 Sam. xvii. 7 (massive as a weaver’s beam—the spear of
Goliath).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bear</span></span> (the animal). Are you there with your <span class='it'>bears</span>? are you at it
again? ‘Explained by Joe Miller as the exclamation of a man who, not
liking a sermon he had heard on Elisha and the bears, went next Sunday
to another church, only to find the same preacher and the same discourse’
(NED.). Some think it refers to the bears in a bear-garden; but
they do not say why, nor how. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 3 (Silena);
Howell, Foreign Travell, p. 20.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bear-brich,</span> bear-breech, bear’s-breech; a popular name of the
acanthus; see NED. (s.v. Brank-ursine). Golding, Metam. xiii. 701
(L. acantho); fol. 162 (1603).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bear-herd,</span> the keeper of a bear, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 191.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bear-ward,</span> B. Jonson, Masque of Angus (Slug). Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, iv. 4 (Prigg).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bear a brain,</span></span> to use one’s brains, to be cautious; also, to remember.
Romeo, i. 3. 29; Grim the Collier, v. 1. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 457.
Cp. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1422.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bear in hand,</span></span> to lead one to believe, to keep in expectation, to amuse
with false <span class='it'>pretences</span>, Meas. for M., i. 4. 51. Hamlet, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson,
Volpone i. 1; ‘<span class='it'>I beare in hande</span>, I threp upon a man that he hath done
a dede, or make hym byleve so’, Palsgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Barenhond).
ME. ‘I bar him on honde he hadde enchanted me’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 575).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bearing.</span></span> ‘A standing [upright] bearyng bowe,’ Ascham, Toxophilus,
p. 79. <span class='it'>A bearing arrow</span> seems to have meant an arrow true in its flight
(Nares), though it merely meant stout, or strong; probably <span class='it'>a bearing bow</span>
was a strong and trusty one, one to be relied upon to shoot straight and
well. So also <span class='it'>bearing</span> dishes, i.e. solid, substantial dishes or viands;
Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1 (Greedy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bearing-cloth,</span></span> the cloth in which a child was carried to the font.
Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 119; Beaumont and Fl., Chances, iii. 3 (Landlady).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beast,</span></span> an obsolete game at cards, resembling the modern ‘Nap’. Butler,
Hudibras, iii. 1. 1007. See NED. (s.v. Beast, 8).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beaten,</span></span> orig. hammered; hence, overlaid or inlaid; embroidered.
‘Beaten damask’, Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beath,</span></span> to dry green wood by placing it near the fire, to season wood by
heat. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 9; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 7. An E. Anglian
word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>bethen</span> (Treatyse of Fysshynge). OE. <span class='it'>beðian</span>, to foment,
to warm.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beauperes,</span></span> fair companions. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 35. OF. <span class='it'>beau</span> + <span class='it'>per</span>.
F. <span class='it'>pair</span>, an equal, a peer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beaver;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#bever1'>bever</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>becco,</span></span> a cuckold. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole); Massinger,
Bondman, ii. 3 (Gracculo). Ital. <span class='it'>becco</span>, a he-goat, a cuckold (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='beck'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beck and bay, at,</span></span> at some one’s command. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce,
381. The meaning of the word <span class='it'>bay</span> in this phrase is uncertain; it is prob.
connected with ME. <span class='it'>beien</span>, to bend; OE. (Anglian), <span class='it'>bēgan</span>; cp. the phr.
<span class='it'>buken and beien</span>, Juliana, 27. See EDD. (s.v. Bay, vb.<sup>3</sup>), and NED. (s.v.
Bow, vb.<sup>1</sup> 6, quot. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1240).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>become;</span></span> ‘I know not where my sonne <span class='it'>is become</span>’, i.e. what has become
of him, Gascoigne, Supposes, v. 5 (Philogano); ed. Hazlitt, i. 251. Once
very common.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bed,</span></span> to pray. Spenser, F. Q., vi. 5. 35. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>bede</span>, a prayer. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#bead'>bead</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bed,</span></span> to command, to bid; ‘Until his Captaine <span class='it'>bed</span>’, until his captain
may command, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 41. 3 pr. sing. subj. of ME. <span class='it'>beden</span>;
OE. <span class='it'>bēodan</span>, to command.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bedare,</span></span> to dare, defy. Peele, David (Salomon); ed. Dyce, p. 484.
From <span class='it'>dare</span>; see NED. (s.v. <span class='it'>Be-</span>, prefix, p. 720).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bed-fere,</span></span> bed-fellow. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, iii. 542: spelt <span class='it'>bedphere</span>,
B. Jonson, Silent Woman, ii. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bedlam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bedlam,</span></span> a lunatic; one who had been in Bethlehem hospital; the
half-cured patients were licensed to beg for alms for their support. Barnes,
Works (1572) p. 294, col. 2; Gammer Gurton’s Needle has, for one of its
characters, Diccon <span class='it'>the Bedlam</span>; Bunyan, Pilgr. i. 123 (NED.); ‘A bedlam,
<span class='it'>maniacus</span>, <span class='it'>insanus</span>, <span class='it'>furiosus’</span>, Coles, Lat. Dict. See EDD. (sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bedrench,</span></span> to soak, swamp. Richard II, iii. 3. 46; <span class='it'>bedrent</span>, pt. s.
Sackville, Induction, st. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bed-staff,</span></span> ‘a staff or stick used in some way about a bed’ (NED.). The
precise sense is uncertain. Often used as a weapon; B. Jonson, Every
Man, i. 4 (Bobadil). ‘With throwing <span class='it'>bed-staves</span> at her’, Staple of News, v. 1
(Lickfinger).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bee,</span></span> an armlet, ring. ‘A riche <span class='it'>bee</span> of gold’, Morte Arthur, leaf 135
(end); bk. vii, c. 35. The word is still in use in Ireland for a ferule
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>bee</span>, an armlet (Paston Letters, iii. 464). OE. <span class='it'>bēah</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beech-coal,</span></span> charcoal made from beech wood. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1
(Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beeld,</span></span> to ‘build’. Mirror for Magistrates, Emp. Severus, st. 21. <span class='it'>Beeld</span>
is the pron. of <span class='it'>build</span> in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD., The
Grammar; Index (s.v. Build).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beer,</span></span> a pillow. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. iv. 414. See NED. (s.v.
Bear, sb.<sup>4</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pillowbeer'>pillowbeer</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>before me,</span></span> a form of asseveration. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 194; Oth. iv. 1.
149. Cp. <span class='it'>before heaven</span>, Meas. ii. 1. 69; <span class='it'>before God</span>, Much Ado, ii. 3. 192.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beg for a fool,</span></span> to ask for the guardianship of an idiot. The custody
of an idiot or witless person could be granted by the king to a subject who
had sufficient interest to obtain it. If the ‘fool’ was wealthy, it was a
profitable business. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); Dekker,
Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>begin,</span></span> s., a beginning. ‘Of fowr begynns’ (i.e. the four elements),
Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 38; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. ‘The hard beginne’,
Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beglerbeg,</span></span> the governor of an Ottoman province. Massinger, Renegado,
iii. 4 (Carazie). Turk. <span class='it'>begler-beg</span>, bey of beys.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beglarde,</span></span> for <span class='it'>beglaired</span>, smoothed over, as with a cosmetic. Mirror for
Magistrates; Guidericus, st. 43. From <span class='it'>glair</span>, q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>behave,</span></span> to manage, govern, control. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Timon,
iii. 5. 22. OE. <span class='it'>behabban</span>, to restrain.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>behight</span></span> (in Spenser). Forms: <span class='it'>behight</span>, pres., pt. t., and pp.; <span class='it'>behot</span>
(<span class='it'>behote</span>) pp. Meanings: (1) to promise, Pt. t.: F. Q. iv. 11. 6; Pp.: F. Q. ii.
3. 1; F. Q. i. 11. 38 (behot); (2) to name, call, pronounce, F. Q. i. 10. 64;
Pp.: Shep. Kal., April, 120; (3) to order, command, F. Q. vi. 2. 30; Pt. t.:
F. Q. ii. 11. 17; (4) to entrust, commit, Pt. t.: F. Q. v. 9. 3; Pp.: F. Q.
i. 10. 50; (5) to account, consider, Pp.: F. Q. iv. 1. 44; (6) to adjudge,
Pp.: F. Q. iv. 5. 7. The normal ME. forms are: <span class='it'>Behote</span> (infin.), <span class='it'>behight</span>
(pt. t.), <span class='it'>behote</span>(<span class='it'>n</span> (pp.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>behight,</span></span> a promise. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lxxiii, l. 60.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beholding,</span></span> indebted, under obligation. Merry Wives, i. 1. 283; Beaumont
and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Pinac). In common prov. use in
many parts of England (Midlands, E. Anglia, Somerset). See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beholdingness,</span></span> obligation, indebtedness. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1
(last speech).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bel-accoyle,</span></span> fair welcome. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. OF. <span class='it'>bel acoil</span>, fair
welcome. See <span class='bold'><a href='#accoyl'>accoyl</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belamour,</span></span> a lover. Spenser, F. Q. 6. 16; iii. 10. 22. F. <span class='it'>bel amour</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belamy,</span></span> fair friend. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 52. ME. <span class='it'>bel amy</span> (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 318). OF. <span class='it'>bel ami</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belay,</span></span> to beset, encompass. Spenser, Sonnet, 14; <span class='it'>belayd</span>, pp. set about
with ornament; F. Q. vi. 2. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belee,</span></span> to place on the lee, in a position in which the wind has little
influence; ‘Beleed and calmed’, Othello, i. 1. 30.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beleek,</span></span> belike, probably. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 1 (Mercury); id.
Tale of Troy; ed. Dyce, p. 555. See <span class='bold'><a href='#belike'>belike</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belgards,</span></span> amorous glances. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; iii. 10. 52. Ital.
<span class='it'>bel guardo</span>, fair or kindly look.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='belike'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belike,</span></span> perhaps, no doubt (used ironically). Milton, P. L. ii. 156; Two
Gent. ii. 1. 85. In common prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='belive'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belive,</span></span> quickly. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd,
ii. 1. Still in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>bi life</span>, lit. with life or liveliness. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bilive'>bilive</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bell, to bear the,</span></span> to take the first place, be the first, be pre-eminent.
‘Win the spurres, and beare the bell’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Aristippus,
§ 1. From the precedence of the bell-wether; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bellibone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bellibone,</span></span> a fair lass. ‘Such a bellibone’, Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
April, 92. From F. <span class='it'>belle et bonne</span>, fair and good girl. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bonnibell'>bonnibell</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bells,</span></span> pl.: in phr. <span class='it'>to take one’s bells</span>, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, to be ready to fly away.
Ford, Sun’s Darling, iii. 1 (Humour). A hawk had light bells fastened to
her legs before she flew off, that her flight might be traced.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belly-cheat,</span></span> an apron. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen);
‘A belly-chete, an apern’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83. See <span class='bold'><a href='#backcheat'>backcheat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belly-cheer,</span></span> feasting, gluttony. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat.
ix. 114; also, meat, viands; ‘<span class='it'>Carrelure de ventre</span>, meat, belly-timber, belly-cheere’,
Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belsire,</span></span> grandfather. Drayton, Pol. viii. 73; <span class='it'>beel sire</span>, Caxton, Hist.
Troye, leaf 321. 6; <span class='it'>bele-fader</span>, id. lf. 344, back, 27; ‘<span class='it'>Belsyre</span>, grant pere’,
Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>belsyr</span>, or belfadyr, ‘Avus’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='beme'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beme,</span></span> a trumpet. <span class='it'>Beames</span> (spelt <span class='it'>beaumous</span>) pl., Morte Arthur, leaf
423, back, 1; bk. xxi. ch. 4. ME. <span class='it'>beme</span> (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1240). OE.
(Mercian) <span class='it'>bēme</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bemoiled,</span></span> covered with dirt. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 77. In prov. use in
the Midlands (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bemol,</span></span> B flat, in the musical scale. In the old sets of hexachords,
which began with C, G, or F; it was found necessary, in the hexachord
beginning with F, to flatten the note B. The new note, thus introduced
into the old scale, was called <span class='it'>B-mol</span> or <span class='it'>Be-mol</span>, i.e. B soft; from OF. <span class='it'>mol</span>,
soft; L. <span class='it'>mollis</span>. Its symbol was <span class='it'>b</span>, later ♭, which afterwards became a
general symbol for a flattened note. ‘La, sol, re, Softly bemole’, Skelton,
Phyllyp Sparowe, 533. Also, a half-note; ‘<span class='it'>Two beemolls</span>, or halfe-notes’,
Bacon, Sylva, § 104.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ben,</span></span> a cant term for good; <span class='it'>ben cove</span>, a good fellow. Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ben bouse,</span></span> a slang term for good drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v.
1 (Trapdoor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bend</span></span> (in heraldry), an oblique stripe on a shield. Morte Arthur, leaf
216. 27; bk. x. c. 12; ‘Our bright silver bend’, Drayton, Heroical Epistles,
Surrey to Lady Geraldine, 95. The <span class='it'>bend</span> is usually the <span class='it'>bend dexter</span>, from the
dexter chief to the sinister base; the <span class='it'>bend sinister</span> slopes the other way.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bend,</span></span> a band or company. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 32. F. <span class='it'>bende</span>
(Cotgr.). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bend,</span></span> a piece of very thick leather, a piece of sole-leather. ‘A bend of
leather’, Heywood, First Part of K. Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. i. p. 40. Also,
<span class='it'>bend-leather</span> (NED.). The words <span class='it'>bend</span>, <span class='it'>bend-leather</span>, <span class='it'>bend of leather</span>, <span class='it'>leather bend</span>
are in use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Bend sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bend,</span></span> to cock a musket, pistol, or other fire-arms. A transferred use,
from bending a bow. ‘Like an engyn bent’, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3.
53 [‘With hackbut bent’, Scott, Cadyow Castle, 137]; to direct any
weapon (spear, dart, &amp;c.), ‘to bend that mortal dart’, Milton, P. L. ii. 729;
‘so bent his spear’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 34; (figuratively), King Lear,
ii. 1. 48.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bene-bouse, benbouse,</span></span> good drink. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bene whids,</span></span> good words; <span class='it'>to cut bene whids</span>, to speak good words.
(Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benedicite:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>under ‘benedicite’ I speak it</span>, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses
(ed. Furnivall, 186). The expression is used by Stubbes, when making
a serious charge against the magistrates, as an invocation for deliverance
from evil. L. <span class='it'>benedicite</span>, bless ye.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='benempt'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benempt,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> named. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 214. OE. <span class='it'>benemned</span>,
pp. of <span class='it'>benemnan</span>, to name (Matt. ix. 9, Lind.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benjamin,</span></span> corruption of <span class='it'>benjoin</span>, earlier form of benzoin. B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Herrick, Hesp. (ed. 1869, p. 139).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benome, benoom,</span></span> to deprive. Spelt <span class='it'>benome</span>, Mirror for Mag., Somerset,
st. 9; <span class='it'>benoom</span>, id. Buckingham, st. 15. <span class='it'>Benome</span> due to pret. forms of
OE. <span class='it'>beniman</span> (<span class='it'>nōm</span>, sing.; <span class='it'>nōmon</span>, pl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bent,</span></span> a grassy slope. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 544 (from Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1981); Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, XX. 9. Still in use in this sense in Scotland
and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Bent, II. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benting times,</span></span> scarce times, times when pigeons have no food but
<span class='it'>bent-grass</span>. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1283.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bepounced,</span></span> ornamented. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 454. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#pounce'>pounce</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beray,</span></span> to defile, befoul; ‘Berayde with blots’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas,
241 (p. 56); Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Firestone); ‘It’s an ill bird
that berays its own nest’, Ray’s Proverbs (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1678); Palsgrave; Sherwood.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>berew,</span></span> in a row; ‘Mock them all berew’, World and Child, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 246. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rew'>rewe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bergomask,</span></span> a rustic dance. Mids. Night’s D. v. 360. Ital. <span class='it'>bergamasca</span>,
‘sorta di ballo composto tutto di salti e capriole’ (Fanfani); <span class='it'>Bergamasco</span>,
belonging to <span class='it'>Bergamo</span>, a province in the state of Venice. The inhabitants
were ridiculed as being clownish in manners.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>berlina,</span></span> a pillory. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 8 (1 Avoc.). Ital. <span class='it'>berlina</span>,
‘a pillorie’ (Florio). Med. Lat. <span class='it'>berlina</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Bermoothes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Bermoothes,</span></span> the Bermudas. Temp. i. 2. 229. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Burmoothes'>Burmoothes</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>berne,</span></span> a herb; ‘The iuyce of Berne or wylde Cresseys’, Turbervile,
Hunting, c. 8; p. 21. F. <span class='it'>berle</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>berula</span>, the water-pimpernel, see
Gerarde, p. 621. See Prompt. EETS. (s.v. Bellerne, note no. 176).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<a id='berry'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>berry,</span></span> an error for <span class='it'>bevy</span>, i.e. a number; ‘A <span class='it'>berry</span> of fair roses’, Two
Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 322. Cp. ‘A Beuy of Roos’, Book
of St. Albans, fol. f 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beryels,</span></span> a tomb. Morte Arthur, leaf 141, back, 7; bk. viii. c. 6 (end);
spelt <span class='it'>buryels</span>, id. leaf 233, back, 23; bk. x. c. 32. OE. <span class='it'>byrgels</span>. See Dict.
(s.v. Burial).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besant, besaunte,</span></span> a gold coin of Byzantium. Morte Arthur, leaf 78.
15; bk. iv. c. 26. It varied in value from half a sovereign to a sovereign.
See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bescumber'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bescumber,</span></span> to befoul. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. ix. 34;
B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1. (Tibullus); Staple of News, v. 2; Comical
History of Francion (Nares); spelt <span class='it'>bescummer</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Fair
Maid of the Inn, iv. The word <span class='it'>bescummer</span>, to besmear with dirt, <span class='it'>fig.</span> to
abuse, calumniate, is in obsolescent use in Somerset and Devon (EDD.).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#scumber'>scumber</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beseen:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>well beseen</span>; spelt <span class='it'>well bisene</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 22,
back, 32; bk. i. c. 8; <span class='it'>well beseene</span>, well furnished, Spenser, Tears of the
Muses, 180; ‘I am besene, I am well or yvell apareyled’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besgue,</span></span> stammering. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 271. 5. OF. <span class='it'>besgue</span>
(F. <span class='it'>bègue</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besides himself,</span></span> all by himself, alone. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable,
i. 1 (Violetta).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besit,</span></span> to suit, befit. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 10; <span class='it'>besitting</span>, befitting, id. iv.
2. 19; ‘It well besits’, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 227. Cp. use of F. <span class='it'>seoir</span>,
to sit, also, to fit, suit, sit properly on (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beslurry,</span></span> to sully all over; ‘All beslurried’, Drayton, Nymphidia,
st. 32. Prov. E. <span class='it'>slurry</span>, to soil, bedaub (EDD).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beso las manos,</span></span> a kissing of hands; lit. ‘I kiss your hands’, a
common Spanish salutation to a lady. Massinger, Duke of Florence, iii.
1 (Calandrino).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besogno,</span></span> a needy fellow (a term of contempt). B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, iv. 2 (Asotus). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bisogno'>bisogno</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bespawl,</span></span> to bespatter with saliva. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca);
‘Foam bespawled beard’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 440. OE. <span class='it'>spāld</span> (<span class='it'>spādl</span>, <span class='it'>spāðl</span>,
<span class='it'>spātl</span>), saliva.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besprint,</span></span> besprinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 111. Also <span class='it'>besprent</span>,
<span class='it'>bespreint</span>. OE. <span class='it'>besprenged</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>besprengan</span>, to sprinkle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bestead,</span></span> pp. <span class='it'>ill bestedded</span>, ill helped, in a bad plight. Spenser, F. Q.
iv. 1. 3; <span class='it'>ill bestad</span>, id. ii. 1. 52; <span class='it'>strangely bestad</span>, strangely beset or placed, id.
iii. 10. 54; <span class='it'>bestad</span>, treated, id. vi. 6. 18; circumstanced, Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 113. 23. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bestraught,</span></span> distracted. Tam. Shrew, Induction, ii. 26. L. <span class='it'>distractus</span>
gave <span class='it'>distract</span> and <span class='it'>distraught</span> on the analogy of ME. <span class='it'>straught</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>strecchen</span>,
to stretch (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 599); hence the forms <span class='it'>bestraught</span>, <span class='it'>astraught</span>.
See NED. (s.v. Bestraught).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>betake,</span></span> to commit, consign, deliver, hand over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12.
25; vi. 11. 51; pt. t. <span class='it'>betook</span>, id. iii. 6. 28; pp. <span class='it'>betake</span>, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid,
i. 62; fol. B ij. ME. <span class='it'>bitaken</span>; ‘Ich bitake min soule God’ = I commit my
soul to God (Rob. Glouc. 475).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>be-tall,</span></span> to pay; ‘What is to <span class='it'>be-tall</span>, what there is to pay; the amount
of the reckoning’, Heywood, Fair Maid of the West, ii. 1 (Clem); with a
quibble on <span class='it'>to be tall</span>. Du. <span class='it'>betalen</span>, to pay (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beteem,</span></span> to grant, bestow, concede, indulge with. Mids. Night’s D. i. 1.
131; Hamlet, i. 2. 141; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 19. A Gloucestershire word
(EDD.). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>temen</span>, to offer or dedicate (to God), Cursor M. 6170;
see NED. (s.v. Teem, vb.<sup>1</sup> 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>betight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> for <span class='it'>betid</span> or <span class='it'>betided</span>; happened. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov.,
174.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>betso,</span></span> a small Venetian coin; worth about a farthing. Marmion, The
Antiquary, iii. 1 (Bravo). Ital. <span class='it'>bezzo</span>, a small brass coin in Venice
(Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bett,</span></span> better. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 15. OE. <span class='it'>bet</span>, adv. better.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beurn,</span></span> for <span class='it'>berne</span>, a warrior. Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 54; in Tottel’s
Misc., p. 121. ME. <span class='it'>burne</span>, a man (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 163). OE. <span class='it'>beorn</span>,
a brave man.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bever1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bever,</span></span> the lower part of the moveable front of a helmet. Bacon, Essay
35, § 1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 31; <span class='it'>beaver</span>, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 120; Hen. V. iv.
2. 44. F. ‘<span class='it'>Bavière d’un armet</span>, the beaver of a helmet’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bever,</span></span> a short intermediate repast. A supper, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey,
xvii, l. 10 from end. <span class='it'>Bever</span> is in prov. use in many parts of England in
the sense of a slight refreshment taken between meals, either at 11 a.m.
or 4 p.m. (EDD.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>bever</span>, ‘boire’ (Moisy); cp. Mod. Prov. <span class='it'>grand-béure</span>,
‘petit repas que les moissonneurs font vers 10 heures du matin’
(Glossaire, <span class='it'>Mirèio</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bever,</span></span> to tremble. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 4; bk. i, c. 15. <span class='it'>Bever</span>
(<span class='it'>biver</span>), to tremble, is in common prov. use in England and Scotland
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bewaile,</span></span> to lament over; ‘An hidden rock .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. That lay in waite her
wrack for to bewaile’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 31. The meaning seems to be:
the rock lay in wait so that she would have to bewail her wreck.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beware,</span></span> to spend, bestow money. <span class='it'>Wel bywaryd</span>, well bestowed. Morte
Arthur, leaf 123, back, 18; bk. vii, c. 21. Cp. prov. word <span class='it'>ware</span>, to spend,
to lay out money (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>waryn</span>, ‘mercor’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bewared,</span></span> made to beware, put on one’s guard. Dryden, Cock and Fox,
799.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bewet, buet,</span></span> a ring or slip of leather for attaching a bell to a hawk’s
leg. ‘The letheris that be putt in his bellis, to be fastyned a-boute his
leggys, ye shall calle <span class='it'>Bewettis</span>’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. B 6; ‘That, hauing
hood, lines, <span class='it'>buets</span>, bels of mee,’ Turbervile, To a fickle Dame, 2. Dimin. of
OF. <span class='it'>buie</span>, <span class='it'>bue</span>, <span class='it'>boie</span>, a bond, chain, fetter. L. <span class='it'>boia</span>, sing. of <span class='it'>boiae</span>, a collar.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bezoar’s stone,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bezoar-stone,</span></span> a supposed antidote to poison.
B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bezonian,</span></span> needy beggar, rascal. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 115; 2 Hen. VI, iv.
1. 134; spelt <span class='it'>bisognion</span>, Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 1. 13; see Dict. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#bisogno'>bisogno</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bezzle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bezzle,</span></span> to besot, stupefy, to drink immoderately. Marston, Malcontent,
ii. 2 (Malevole). ‘To bezzle, <span class='it'>pergraecor</span>’, Coles, Dict. Hence, <span class='it'>bezeling</span>, tippling,
Marston, Scourge, ii. 7. In prov. use in the sense of drinking immoderately,
in various parts of England; see EDD. (s.v. Bezzle, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2).
Norm. F. ‘<span class='it'>besiller</span>, s’user, s’épuiser, se perdre, dépérir’ (Moisy). See Ducange
(s.v. Besilium).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bias, from the,</span></span> out of the way, off the track. Dekker, Shoemaker’s
Holiday, iii. 1 (Hodge). Prov. <span class='it'>biais</span>, ‘manière, façon’; <span class='it'>de biais</span>, ‘obliquement’
(Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bibble, bible,</span></span> to drink frequently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i.
478; Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 550. In prov. use in various parts of
England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bidcock,</span></span> a bird; said to be the water-rail. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 100.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>biddell,</span></span> a beadle. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 28. OE. <span class='it'>bydel</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bidene,</span></span> in one body or company, together, World and Child, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 268 (NED.); straightway, at once, forthwith, Skelton,
Colyn Cloute, 956; Douglas, Aeneid, I. ii. 33 (NED.). Often used in
Scottish poetry as a rime word, or to fill up the line, or as a mere
expletive, see EDD. (s.v. Bedene). Cp. ME. phrase <span class='it'>all</span>(<span class='it'>e bidene</span>, continuously,
one after another (Cursor M. 1457); in one body, all together
(Ormulum, 4793).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bid-stand,</span></span> a highwayman. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv.
4 (Sogliardo). Because he <span class='it'>bids</span> men <span class='it'>stand and deliver</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bienvenu, benvenu,</span></span> a welcome. A Woman never vext, v. 1 (King);
Massinger, The Picture, ii. 2. 4. F. <span class='it'>bienvenuë</span>, a welcome (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>big,</span></span> a pap or teat. Tusser, Husbandry, 74; Shadwell Witches (EDD.),
Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xviii. ch. 7; ‘<span class='it'>Bigge</span>, a country word for a pap or
teat’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>big,</span></span> a boil, small tumour. Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxxii. ch. 9;
Gaule Cases Consc. 6 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>biggin,</span></span> a child’s cap. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5 (Mosca); Proverb,
‘From the biggen to the nightcap’ (i.e. from infancy to old age), B. Jonson,
Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Haughty); the saying is still in use in Cornwall
(EDD.). F. ‘<span class='it'>beguin</span>, a biggin for a child’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>biggon,</span></span> a barrister’s cap. Mayne, City Match, iv. 7 (Aurelia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilander,</span></span> a coasting vessel, a by-lander. Dryden, Hind and Panther,
i. 128. Du. <span class='it'>bijlander</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilbo,</span></span> a sword of excellent quality. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 112. Hence,
one who wears a bilbo, id. i. 1. 165. From <span class='it'>Bilbao</span> (E. Bilboa) in Spain.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilboes,</span></span> pl., an iron bar, with sliding shackles, for securing prisoners.
Hamlet, v. 2. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 2 (near the end).
Perhaps from Bilbao; see above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bilive'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilive,</span></span> soon, quickly. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lord). See <span class='bold'><a href='#belive'>belive</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilk,</span></span> a statement having nothing in it. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1
(Tub); a cheat, a fraud, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 376.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bill,</span></span> an advertisement. Much Ado, i. 1. 39; B. Jonson. Ev. Man out
of Humour, iii. 1. 1; a doctor’s prescription, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 603.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>billed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> enrolled. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antony, § 3 (Shak.
Plut. p. 157, note 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>billiments,</span></span> pl., habiliments, apparel. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3
(Tibet); <span class='it'>billements</span>, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). Short for
<span class='it'>habiliments</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bill-men,</span></span> watchmen, armed with a pike or halbert. Middleton,
Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 2 (Blurt).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bind with,</span></span> to grapple with, seize; said of a hawk. Massinger,
Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bing,</span></span> to go. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. I (Song); <span class='it'>bynge a
waste</span>, go you hence, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; <span class='it'>bing awast</span>, go away, Brome,
Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bird-bolt,</span></span> a short blunt arrow, usually shot from a cross-bow at birds.
Much Ado, i. 1. 42; L. L. L. iv. 3. 25.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>birle,</span></span> to pour out liquor. Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 269; Levins
Manip. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>byrle</span> (Cath. Angl.); OE. <span class='it'>byrlian</span>,
to give to drink; <span class='it'>byrel</span>, a cup-bearer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bisa, bise,</span></span> a north wind. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1339); p. 134,
col. 2. F. <span class='it'>bise</span>, a north wind (Cotgr.). O. Prov. <span class='it'>biza</span>, ‘bise, nord’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bisogno'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bisogno, bisognio,</span></span> a needy fellow, a term of contempt. Fletcher,
Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Alguazier); Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i. (Lysander).
Ital. <span class='it'>bisogni</span>, pl. new-levied soldiers, needy men; <span class='it'>bisogno</span>, need, want. Cp.
<span class='bold'>bezonian.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bitched,</span></span> a term of opprobrium; ‘Bitched brothel’, World and Child,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bite on the bridle,</span></span> to be impatient of restraint. Gascoigne, i. 449,
l. 25.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bitter, bittour,</span></span> a bittern. <span class='it'>Bitter</span>, Middleton, Triumph of Love, ed.
Dyce, v. 289; <span class='it'>bittour</span>, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 89; Dryden, Wife of
Bath’s Tale, 194; Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. <span class='it'>bitore</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 972);
OF. <span class='it'>butor</span>, a bittern (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bizzle,</span></span> to become drunk, to drink to excess. Dekker, Honest Wh.,
Pt. II, iii. 1 (Matheo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bezzle'>bezzle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>black is your eye</span>. To say ‘black is your eye’, to find fault
with one, to lay something to his charge. ‘I can say, <span class='it'>black’s your eye</span>, though
it be grey’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier); ‘black’s mine
eye’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 2 (Blurt).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black guard,</span></span> orig. a jocular name given to the lower menials of a
noble house, esp. those who had charge of kitchen utensils, and carried
them about when required; ‘A lousy slave, that within this twenty years
rode with the black guard in the duke’s carriage [i.e. among his baggage],
’mongst spits and dripping-pans’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, p. 8;
Fletcher, Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black jack,</span></span> a leathern jug for beer, tarred outside. Beaumont and Fl.,
Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Savil); Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black-mack,</span></span> a blackbird; ‘A leane birde of the kind of <span class='it'>blacke-mackes</span>’,
Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 34; ‘<span class='it'>Merula</span>, a birde called a black-mack,
an owzell, a mearle, or black-bird’, Florio.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black ox;</span></span> ‘The Black Ox has trod on his foot, he has fallen on misfortune
or sorrow’, Lyly, Sapho and Phao, iv. 1; Heywood, Eng. Prov. (ed.
Farmer, 112). See Nares, and EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black-pot,</span></span> a beer-mug; hence, a toper. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2
(scene 5, W.), at the end; p. 160, col. 2 (D.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blacks,</span></span> mourning clothes. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Francisco);
Maid in a Mill, iv. 2 (Bustopha); Bacon, Essay 2; Massinger, Fatal Dowry,
ii. 1 (Charalois); Herrick, Hesperides, 379. In prov. use; see EDD. (s.v.
Black, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Black Sanctus,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Black Saunce;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sanctus'>Sanctus</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blanch,</span></span> to give a fair appearance to by artifice or suppression of the
truth. Bacon, Essays 20 and 26; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 222; Od. xi.
492; Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 37).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='blanch2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blanch</span></span> (a hunting term), to ‘head back’ the deer in his flight. Lyly,
Gallathea, ii. 1. 231. Hence <span class='it'>blancher</span>, a person or thing placed to turn the
deer from a particular direction; Sydney, Arcadia, 64; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a hinderer,
Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 33 and 36). <span class='it'>Blanch</span> still used by huntsmen
in Somerset and Devon in this sense (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#blencher'>blencher</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blank,</span></span> the white spot in the centre of a target; now, bull’s eye. Hamlet,
iv. 1. 42; <span class='it'>at twelve-score blank</span>, at a range of twelve score yards, Fletcher,
Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Sophocles).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blank,</span></span> a blank bond, to be filled up at pleasure. Beaumont and Fl.,
i. 1 (Arbaces). Also, a small French coin, orig. of silver, but afterwards
of copper, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blank,</span></span> to render pale, to blanch. Hamlet, iii. 2. 232; to dismay,
Milton, Samson Ag. 471; <span class='it'>blanck</span>, disappointed, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blatant, blattant,</span></span> bellowing. Spenser, F. Q. v. xii. 37, 41; Dryden,
Hind and Panther, ii. 230. ‘Blate’, to bellow, is in prov. use
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blaze,</span></span> a white mark on an animal’s forehead; (on a black bull),
Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. Still in prov. use, esp. Yorksh. and Lincolnsh., see
EDD. (s.v. Blaze, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blazing star,</span></span> a comet. All’s Well, i. 3. 91; Middleton, Roaring Girl,
i. 1 (Sir Alex.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bleaking-house,</span></span> bleaching-house. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s,
iv. 2 (Savourwit). ME. <span class='it'>blekyn</span>, blechen clothe (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blear,</span></span> dim, indistinct, in outline. Milton, Comus, 155.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blear:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to blear the eyes</span>, to deceive, throw dust in the eyes. Tam.
Shrew, v. 1. 120; ‘He is nat in Englande that can bleare his eye better
than I can’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bleat</span></span> (meaning obscure); ‘How the judges have bleated him!’, Webster,
Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Julia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bleater,</span></span> a sheep. (Cant.) Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blee,</span></span> colour, complexion, hue. Morte Arthur, leaf 88, back, 32; bk. v.
c. 10; Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 100). Occurs in ballad poetry in the
north (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>blee</span> (York Plays, xxviii. 259), OE. <span class='it'>blēo</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blemish,</span></span> ‘When they [the huntsmen] find where a deare hath passed
and breake or plashe any boughe downewardes for a marke, then we say,
they blemish or make blemishes’, Turbervile, Hunting, 244.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blemishes,</span></span> ‘The markes which are left to knowe where a deare hath
gone in or out’, Turbervile, Hunting, 114.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blench,</span></span> a side glance, glimpse; ‘These blenches gave my heart another
youth’, Sh. Sonn. cx. A Warwickshire word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blench,</span></span> to start aside, to flinch, shrink. Fletcher, False One, iv. 4.
ME. <span class='it'>blenchen</span> (Anc. Riwle, 242).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='blencher'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blencher,</span></span> a person stationed to ‘head hack’ the deer, to prevent him
from going in a particular direction. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 1
(Sanchio); spelt <span class='it'>bleinchers</span>, pl., scarecrows, things put up to frighten
animals away, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 70, 192; ‘which some call <span class='it'>shailes</span>,
some <span class='it'>blenchars</span>, .&nbsp;. to feare away birdes’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 23,
§ 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#blanch2'>blanch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='blend1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blend,</span></span> to blind, to dazzle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 35; <span class='it'>blent</span>, pp., F. Q. ii.
4. 7; rendered obscure, Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 521; <span class='it'>yblent</span>, F. Q.
ii. 7. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blend,</span></span> to mix, confuse, render turbid, disturb, pollute. Spenser, F. Q.
ii. 7. 10; <span class='it'>blent</span>, pp. defiled, F. Q. ii. 12. 7.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blenge,</span></span> to blend, mix. Tusser, Husbandry, § 100. 3. A ‘portmanteau’
word; combination of <span class='it'>blend</span> and <span class='it'>menge</span>, to mingle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blenkard,</span></span> one who blinks, or has imperfect sight or intelligence.
Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 610. A north-country pronunc. of <span class='it'>blinkard</span>
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blent;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#blend1'>blend</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bless,</span></span> to wound, hurt; ‘When he did levell to shoote, he blessed
himselfe with his peece’, Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 237. F. <span class='it'>blesser</span>,
to wound (Cotgr.), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>blecer</span> (Ch. Rol.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bless,</span></span> to preserve, save. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 18; iv. 6. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bless,</span></span> to brandish (a sword), to wave about. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 6; i.
8. 22; vi. 8. 13; to brandish round an object with a weapon, ‘His armed
head with his sharpe blade he blest’, Fairfax, Tasso, ix. 67.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blewe point,</span></span> a blue point, or blue-tagged lace; ‘Not worth a blewe
point’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 9. See <span class='bold'><a href='#point1'>point</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blin, blinn,</span></span> to cease, leave off. Turbervile, Poems, in Chalmers’s Eng.
Poets, II, 589; to cause to cease, to put a stop to, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 22.
Very common in northern ballad poetry (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>blinnen</span>, to cease
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1171); to cause to cease, Towneley Myst. 133. OE.
<span class='it'>blinnan</span>, to cease. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lin2'>lin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blince,</span></span> (perhaps) to flinch, give way, to ‘blench’; ‘The which will
not <span class='it'>blince</span>’ riming with <span class='it'>prince</span>, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
iv. 148.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blindfeld,</span></span> blindfolded. Spelt <span class='it'>blyndefeld</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 69, back;
bk. iv. c. 15; <span class='it'>blyndfielde</span>, R. Eden, First Three Books on America, ed.
Arber, p. 347, l. 7 from bottom. ‘I blyndefelde one’, Palsgrave. See Dict.
(s.v. Blindfold).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blinkard,</span></span> ‘He that hath such eies that the liddes cover a great
parte of the apple’, Baret (1580); ‘a blinkard, <span class='it'>caeculus</span>, <span class='it'>paetus</span>, <span class='it'>strabus</span>’,
Coles (1679). Still in use in Northumberland and Lancashire (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blive,</span></span> quickly, soon, immediately. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 18; Surrey,
tr. of Aeneid ii. l. 294. See <span class='bold'><a href='#belive'>belive</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blo, bloo,</span></span> livid, esp. used of the colour caused by a bruise. <span class='it'>Bloo</span> and
wan, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 141, l. 5; id. Magnyfycence, 2080. A Yorkshire
word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>blo</span>(<span class='it'>o</span>, ‘lividus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no.
195). Icel. <span class='it'>blā</span>, livid.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bloat, blote,</span></span> to smoke-dry (herrings); ‘<span class='it'>Fumer</span>, to bloat, besmoake,
hang or drie in the smoake’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Island Princess, ii. 5
(1 Citizen). Hence, <span class='it'>bloat-herring</span>, a smoked herring, B. Jonson, Masque
of Augurs (Groom); Pepys, Diary (Oct. 5, 1661). A Suffolk word
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>block,</span></span> a mould for a hat; a fashion of hat. Beaumont and Fl., Wit
at Several Weapons, iv. 1 (Cunningham); Much Ado, i. 1. 77.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blonk,</span></span> fair, blond; said of hair. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270. 13.
See NED. (s.v. Blank).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blore,</span></span> a blast of wind. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 122; ix. 5; xiv. 330.
ME. <span class='it'>blore</span> (York Plays, xxvi. 188).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blot in the tables,</span></span> an exposed piece or ‘man’ in the game of backgammon,
liable to be taken; hence, a weak point. Middleton, Family of
Love, v. 3 (Gerardine); Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
vii. 276. See Dict. (s.v. Blot (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blother,</span></span> to gabble nonsense; to babble. Skelton, Magnyfycence,
1049; Colyn Cloute, 779. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Blather,
vb.<sup>1</sup>). Icel. <span class='it'>blaðra</span>, to talk indistinctly, to talk nonsense.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blow-boll,</span></span> one who ‘blows in a bowl’, an habitual tippler. Skelton,
ed. Dyce, i. 23; l. 25.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blowen,</span></span> a wench, a trull. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1
(Shamwell). [Cp. <span class='it'>blowing</span>, in Byron’s Don Juan, xi. 19.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blow-point,</span></span> a game ‘played by blowing an arrow through a trunk at
certain numbers by way of lottery’, Strutt (quoted in NED.). Sidney,
Arcadia, ii. 224; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 2 (Anamnestes); Marmion, The
Antiquary, i. 1 (Leonardo). See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 531.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blue,</span></span> the usual colour of the dress of servants, or of beadles. <span class='it'>Blue-coat</span>,
Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). <span class='it'>The blue order</span>, i.e. of servants,
B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Onion). Women condemned to Bridewell
wore <span class='it'>blue gowns</span>, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Luke); Dekker, Honest
Wh., Pt. II. v. 1 (Lodovico).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blue-bottle rogue,</span></span> a term applied to a beadle, with reference to his
blue uniform. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blunket, blonket,</span></span> grey, greyish blue. ‘Bloncket liveries’, glossed
by ‘gray coats’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blurt,</span></span> an exclamation of contempt, pish!, pooh!; ‘Blurt, Master
Constable’, the title of a play by Middleton, Dekker, Honest Wh., i. 5
(Fluello); to treat contemptuously, Fletcher, Wild-goose Chase, ii. 2 (last
speech).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blushet</span></span> (only used by B. Jonson), a little blusher, a modest girl,
Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy senior); The Penates (Pan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='board1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>board, bord,</span></span> to accost, address. Hamlet, ii. 2. 171; Merry Wives, ii.
1. 92; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 5; <span class='it'>boorded</span>, addressed, id. ii. 4. 24. F. <span class='it'>aborder</span>,
to approach, accost (Cotgr.) A metaph. expression from boarding
a ship; see Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>board, bord,</span></span> a shilling. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll);
<span class='it'>a bord</span>, a shylling; Harman, Caveat, p. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bob,</span></span> a blow that does not break the skin, a rap; ‘Pinches, nippes and
bobbes’, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 47); a taunt, a bitter jibe, As
You Like It, ii. 7. 55; Wycherley, Dancing-master, i. 2 (Monsieur); ‘<span class='it'>Ruade
seiche</span>, a drie bob, jeast or nip’, Cotgrave. ‘Bob’, in the sense of a slight
blow, is in prov. use in the Midlands and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v.
Bob, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bob,</span></span> to fish (for eels) with a <span class='it'>bob</span>, or grub for bait. Fletcher, Rule a Wife,
ii. 4. 9. In use in the Norfolk Broads, see NED. (s.v. Bob, vb.<sup>4</sup>), and EDD.
(s.v. Bob, vb.<sup>6</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bob,</span></span> to deceive, cheat. Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 75; ‘<span class='it'>Avoir le moine</span>, to be
gleekt, bobbed’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Span. Curate, v. 2 (Bartolus); Little
French Lawyer, ii. 1. 24. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bob, vb.<sup>5</sup>). OF. <span class='it'>bober</span>.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bobber,</span> a cheat, deceiver. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 12.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bobance, bobaunce,</span></span> arrogance, vanity. Morte Arthur, leaf 262. 12;
bk. x, c. 63; id. lf. 376. 25; bk. xviii, c. 15. F. <span class='it'>bobance</span>, ‘excessive spending;
insolency, surquedrie, proud or presumptuous boasting’ (Cotgr.).
O. Prov. <span class='it'>bobansa</span>, ‘faste, ostentation’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bob-fool:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to play bob-fool</span>, to flout, make sport. Greene, Alphonsus,
iv (Amurack).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Bocardo,</span></span> the name of the prison above the old North Gate of the city
of Oxford, where Cranmer was confined, Strype, Archbp. Cranmer, iii. 11.
341; Oxford Records, 414; a prison, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (ed.
Furnivall, 126); Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Club). ‘Bocardo’ is a
mnemonic word used in Logic.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bodge,</span></span> an odd measure of corn. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). In
Kent the word <span class='it'>bodge</span> means an odd measure of corn, left over after the bulk
has been measured into quarters and sacks; <span class='it'>bodge</span> also means in Kent a
flat oblong basket used for carrying produce of garden or field, see EDD.
(s.v. Bodge, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bodkin,</span></span> a dagger. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, ii. 3
(Duarte); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 2 (Aphobus); cp. Hamlet,
iii. 1. 76.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bodkin;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#baudkin'>baudkin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bodrag'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bodrag,</span></span> a hostile incursion, a raid. ‘Nightly <span class='it'>bodrags</span>’, Spenser, Colin
Clout, 315. Hence <span class='it'>bodraging</span>, misspelt <span class='it'>bordraging</span>, the same; F. Q. ii. 10. 63.
Irish <span class='it'>buaidhreadh</span>, molestation, disturbance; <span class='it'>buaidhr-im</span>, I vex, bother,
trouble (Dinneen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bog,</span></span> proud, saucy, bold. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 37. st.
109; Rogers, Naaman, 18. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>boggisshe</span>, ‘tumidus’ (Prompt. EETS.,
see note no. 161).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boggard,</span></span> a privy, <span class='it'>latrina</span>. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iv. 6 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boistous, busteous, bousteous,</span></span> rough, rustic, coarse, violent,
vigorous. <span class='it'>Bousteous</span> tree, vigorous tree; Turbervile, Time Conquereth all
Things, st. 7. <span class='it'>Boystous</span>, rude, coarse, A. Borde, Introd. of Knowledge, bk. i,
c. 14; p. 160. ME. <span class='it'>boystows</span>, ‘rudis’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 166).
See Dict. (s.v. Boisterous).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boll,</span></span> a rounded seed-vessel or pod, as that of flax or cotton. Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 146. 50. Hence <span class='it'>bolled</span>, having ‘bolls’, pods; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ex. ix.
31 (AV.). ‘Boll’, in the sense of the seed-vessel of flax, is in prov. use
in Scotland and Ireland, also in Lincolnshire, see EDD. (s.v. Boll, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boll,</span></span> to quaff the bowl, to booze; ‘They might syt bebbinge and bollynge’,
Coverdale, Micah, ii. 11. Hence <span class='it'>boller</span>, one who lingers at the bowl,
a drunkard, Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 81.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bollen'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bollen,</span></span> swollen. Lucrece, 1417 (in old edd. <span class='it'>boln</span>); <span class='it'>bolne</span>, Hawes, Past
Pleas., p. 135; Surrey, tr. Aeneid ii, 616; <span class='it'>bowlne</span>, id. ii. 348. Cp. the E.
Anglian <span class='it'>bown</span>, swollen (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>bollen</span>, swollen (Cursor M. 12685).
Icel. <span class='it'>bólgna</span>; Dan. <span class='it'>bolne</span>, to swell. See NED. (s.v. Bell, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bolt,</span></span> an arrow for a cross-bow, with a blunt or square head, also <span class='it'>gen.</span>
an arrow; ‘The bolt of Cupid’, Mids. Night’s D., ii. 1. 165; ‘A fool’s bolt
is soon shot’, Hen. V, iii. 7. 132; Heywood, Eng. Prov. (ed. Farmer, 145);
‘I’ll make a shaft or a bolt on’t’, Merry Wives, iii. 4. 24 (i.e. I’ll take the
risk, whatever may come of it).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bolt’s-head,</span> a kind of retort used by alchemists. B. Jonson, Alchemist,
ii. 1 (Mammon); named from its long cylindrical neck.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bolt,</span></span> a roll of a woven stuff. B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boltered,</span></span> clotted, coagulated. ‘Blood-boltered’, having the hair clotted
with blood, Macbeth, iv. 1. 123. A Warwickshire word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bolting-hutch,</span></span> a trough into which meal is sifted. Middleton, Mayor
of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon). A Lincolnshire word, see EDD. (s.v.
Bolting, 2 (3)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bombard,</span></span> ‘a great gun or piece of ordnance’ (Bullokar). Caxton,
Reynard (ed. Arber, 58). F. <span class='it'>bombarde</span>, a bumbard, or murthering-piece
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bombard,</span></span> a large leathern vessel to carry liquors. Tempest, ii. 2. 21;
Hen. VIII, v. 4. 85. Hence <span class='it'>bombard-man</span>, one who provides liquor. B.
Jonson, Masque of Love Restored (Robin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bombast,</span></span> cotton wadding. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 359; Beaumont and Fl.,
Little French Lawyer, ii. 2. 8. OF. <span class='it'>bombace</span>, cotton (Godefroy). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bonair</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> gentle, courteous. Holland, Livy, iv. 2. 446; <span class='it'>bonerly</span>, in
debonnaire fashion, World and Child, l. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243.
F. <span class='it'>bonnaire</span> and <span class='it'>bonnairement</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bona roba,</span></span> a handsome wench, a wanton. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 26. Ital.
<span class='it'>buonaroba</span>, ‘as we say, good stuffe, a good wholesome plum-cheeked wench’
(Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bone;</span></span> ‘Look not upon me as I am a woman, But as a bone, thy wife,
thy friend’, Otway, Venice Preserved, ii. 2 (Belvidera). Meaning doubtful.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bones:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to make bones</span>, to make scruples about, find difficulty in;
‘Who make no bones of the Lord’s promises, but devoure them all’,
Rogers, Naaman, 579; ‘He made no manier bones .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. but went in hande
to offer up his only son Isaac’, Udall, Erasm. Par., Luke i. 28. Formerly
also, <span class='it'>to find bones in</span> (Paston Letters, 331), referring to the occurrence of
bones in soup, &amp;c., as an obstacle to its being easily swallowed, see NED.
(s.v. Bone, 8).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bones,</span></span> dice. A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Stephen). A common expression.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bonfacion,</span></span> of good fashion, fashionable. Three Ladies of London; in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 251, 311.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bongrace,</span></span> a shade worn on the front of a woman’s bonnet as a protection
from the sun. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). F. ‘<span class='it'>bonnegrace</span>,
the uppermost flap of the downhanging taile of a French hood;
whence belike our Boongrace’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bonnibell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bonnibell,</span></span> a fair lass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., August, 62; B. Jonson,
The Satyr, l. 21. From F. <span class='it'>bonne et belle</span>, good and fair girl. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bellibone'>bellibone</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bonny-clabber,</span></span> sour buttermilk. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host);
Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2. 8. ‘Bonny-clabber’ in Ireland means thick
milk. Irish <span class='it'>bainne</span> [pronounc. <span class='it'>bonny</span>], milk, and <span class='it'>clabair</span>, anything thick or
half-liquid. In use in the United States wherever Irishmen forgather.
See Joyce, English in Ireland, 219.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bookholder,</span></span> a prompter in a theatre. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induct.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>books:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to be in a person’s books</span>; ‘I see, lady, the gentleman is not
in your books’, Much Ado, i. 1. 179 (the probable meaning is, he is not in
favour, not in the lady’s ‘book of memory’, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 101).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boon,</span></span> good; esp. in French phrases. ‘On a boon voyage’, Conflict of
Conscience; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 63. ‘Nature boon’, Milton, P. L.
iv. 242; cp. ix. 793.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boord, bord;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#board1'>board</a>,</span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#bourd1'>bourd</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boot-carouse,</span></span> a carousing out of a bombard or black-jack, which was
likened to a boot. Marston, Sat., ii. 154.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boot-hale,</span></span> to carry off booty. Heywood, Sallust, 33. Hence, <span class='it'>boot-haler</span>,
a freebooter, highwayman, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (J. Dapper);
Holland, Livy, xxii. 41. 458; <span class='it'>boot-haling</span>, the carrying away of booty, Florio,
Montaigne, ii. 31; Fletcher, The Chances, i. 4 (Frederic); Maid in the Mill,
ii. 2 (Antonio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>booty:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to play booty</span>, to play so as to lose, in order to draw the
opponent on, and get some ‘booty’ in the end’, Dryden, Pref. to Don
Sebastian, § 7; Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 2 (Frankford). Also, <span class='it'>to
bowl booty</span>, to play at bowls so as to lose at first, Webster, White Devil
(Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>borachio,</span></span> a large leather bottle or bag used in Spain (<span class='it'>borracha</span>). B.
Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer); Greene, Looking Glasse (Works, ed.
1861, 133); <span class='it'>fig.</span> a drunkard, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1. 7. Span. <span class='it'>borracho</span>,
a drunkard.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bord,</span></span> rim, circumference. ‘He plants a brazen piece of mighty bord’,
Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host). The reference is to
a barber’s basin. F. <span class='it'>bord</span>, edge, border.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bordello'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bordello,</span></span> a brothel. B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 1 (Knowell). Ital.
‘<span class='it'>bordello</span>, a bawdy-house’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bordon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bordon,</span></span> a staff. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 132, back, 24. ME. <span class='it'>bordun</span>,
a pilgrim’s staff (P. Plowman, A. vi. 8). F. <span class='it'>bourdon</span> (Cotgr.). O. Prov.
<span class='it'>bordon</span>, bâton de pèlerin.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bordraging;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#bodrag'>bodrag</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bore,</span></span> to trick, cheat, overreach. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 128; Life T. Cromwell,
ii. 2. 103 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boree, bouree,</span></span> a rustic dance, orig. of Auvergne. Etheridge, Man of
Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). F. <span class='it'>bourrée</span>
(Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>borrel,</span></span> unlearned, rude, rough, rustic. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 95;
Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 28. ME. <span class='it'>borel</span>, in Chaucer: coarse woollen
clothes, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 356; <span class='it'>borel men</span>, laymen, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 3145.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>borrow, borow,</span></span> a pledge, surety. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 131,
150; ‘Dear Pan bought with dear borrow’, id. Sept., 96. ME. <span class='it'>borwe</span>,
a surety (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2998). OE. <span class='it'>borh</span> (<span class='it'>borge</span>) a pledge, surety.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>borrow,</span></span> to give security for, to assure, warrant. Greene, Isabel’s
Ode, 33; ed. Dyce, p. 296.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bosky'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bosky,</span></span> full of thickets. Peele, Chron. Edw. I (ed. 1874, p. 407);
Tempest, iv. 1. 81; Milton, Comus, 312. A Cheshire and Yorkshire
word, from <span class='it'>bosk</span>, an underwood thicket (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>boske</span>, a bush.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boss,</span></span> a fat woman, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Zenocrate); ‘A fat
boss, <span class='it'>femme bien grasse et grosse, une Coche</span>’, Sherwood. A Lancashire word
for a fat lazy woman, see EDD. (s.v. Boss, sb.<sup>1</sup> 6).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bosse,</span></span> supposed to mean a water-conduit; esp. used of <span class='it'>the Bosse of
Billingsgate</span>, W. de Worde, Treatyse of a Galaunt (see Title of the Play);
B. Jonson, Time Vindicated (Eyes); ‘<span class='it'>Bosse Alley</span>, so called of a Bosse of
Spring-water continually running, which standeth by Billingsgate against
this alley’, Stow, Survey (ed. 1842, p. 79). See NED. (s.v. Boss, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>botcher,</span></span> a mender of old clothes; or (disrespectfully) a tailor. All’s
Well, iv. 3. 211; Cor. ii. 1. 93; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bottom of packthread,</span></span> a ball of string. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv,
4 (Brainworm); Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 138. Properly the clew or nucleus
on which the ball was wound. [‘I wish I could wind up my bottom
handsomely’, Sir W. Scott, Diary, March 17, 1826.] See EDD. (s.v.
Bottom, 8). ME. <span class='it'>botme</span> of threde (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bouche'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouche:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>bouche in court</span>, an allowance of victual granted by
a king or noble to his household; ‘A good allowance of dyet, a bouche in
court, as we use to call it’, Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 (ed.
Arber, 70). F. <span class='it'>avoir bouche à Court</span>, ‘to eat and drinke scotfree, to have
budge-a-Court, to be in ordinarie at Court’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bouge3'>bouge</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouffage,</span></span> a satisfying meal. ‘No bouffage, but a light bit’, Sir T.
Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 9. F. <span class='it'>bouffage</span>, ‘any meat that (eaten
greedily) fills the mouth and makes the cheeks to swell; cheek-puffing
meat’ (Cotgr.). F. <span class='it'>bouffer</span>, to swell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouge,</span></span> to flinch. Julius Caesar, iv. 3. 44; <span class='it'>boudge</span>, Beaumont and Fl.,
Humorous Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius). See Dict. (s.v. Budge (1)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouge,</span></span> to ‘bilge’, to stave in a ship’s side; intr., to suffer fracture, as
a ship. ‘My barke was <span class='it'>boug’d</span>’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 44. ‘Least
thereupon Our shippe should <span class='it'>bowge</span>’, Gascoigne, Voyage into Holland,
ed. Hazlitt, i. 390. See NED. See Dict. (s.v. Bilge).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bouge3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouge,</span></span> provisions; ‘A bombard man, that brought bouge for a country
lady’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bouge of court,</span> court-rations; ‘The Bowge of Courte’ (the title of
a poem written by Skelton); ‘Every of them to have lyke bouge of courte’,
State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 623 (NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bouche'>bouche</a>.</span></p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouget,</span></span> a budget, wallet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 29; a water-vessel of
skin, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt, iv. 72. F. <span class='it'>bougette</span> (Cotgr.); dimin.
of OF. <span class='it'>bouge</span>, a water-skin; cp. ME. <span class='it'>bowge</span>, ‘I am maad as a bowge in frost’
(Wyclif, Ps. cxix. 83). See Dict. (s.v. Budget).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bough-pot,</span></span> a flower-pot, a vase for boughs or cut flowers. Chapman,
Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Rhoderique). A Lincolnsh. and Northamptonsh.
word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bought'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bought,</span></span> a twist, a knot. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 2. 13; used of the
coil of a serpent, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 255. ‘Bought’ is in prov. use
in the north country for a curve or bend; the curve of the elbow or knee.
See EDD. (s.v. Bought, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bounty,</span></span> goodness in general, worth, virtue; ‘He is only the true and
essential Bounty’, Drummond of Hawthornden, Cypress Grove (Wks. ed.
1711, p. 127); <span class='it'>bountie</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 4; ‘A lovely lasse, Whose
beauty doth her bounty far surpasse’, F. Q. iii. 9. 4; ‘Large was his
bounty and his soul sincere’, Gray, Elegy, 121 (The Epitaph). ME.
bountee, goodness (Chaucer. An A.B.C., 9). F. <span class='it'>bonté</span> ‘goodness, honesty,
sincerity, vertue, uprightness’ (Cotgr.); L. <span class='it'>bonitas</span>, goodness (Vulgate).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bourd1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bourd, bord,</span></span> a jest. Drayton, Eclogue, vii. 208; <span class='it'>bord</span>, Spenser, F. Q.
iii. 3. 19; iv. 4. 13. F. <span class='it'>bourde</span>, ‘a jeast, fib, tale of a tub’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bourd,</span></span> to jest. Ford, ’Tis pity, ii. 4 (Peggio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bourd,</span></span> to accost. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid iv, l. 899. See <span class='bold'><a href='#board1'>board</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bourdel,</span></span> a brothel. Farquhar, Constant Couple, ii. 2. 4. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bordello'>bordello</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bout, bowt,</span></span> a coil; a circuit, orbit. Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Iopas, 45;
in Tottel’s Misc., p. 94. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bought'>bought</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boute-feu,</span></span> a fire-brand, incendiary. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby,
p. 66, l. 13; Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 786. F. <span class='it'>boute-feu</span>, ‘a boute-feu, a wilful
or voluntary firer of houses; also, a fire-brand of sedition, a kindler of
strife and contention’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bout-hammer,</span></span> a heavy two-handed hammer. Beaumont and Fl.,
Faithful Friends, v. 4 (Pergamus). For <span class='it'>about-hammer</span>, the largest hammer
employed by blacksmiths; it is slung round (or <span class='it'>about</span>) near the extremity
of the handle. An East Anglian word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bouzing-ken'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouzing-ken,</span></span> drinking-house, ale-house. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See Harman,
Caveat, p. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bovoli,</span></span> snails, cockles; considered as delicacies. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). Ital. <span class='it'>bovolo</span> (pl. <span class='it'>bovoli</span>), ‘a snayle, a cockle, periwinkle’
(Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowd,</span></span> a weevil, malt-worm. Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 39; ‘A boude,
<span class='it'>vermis frumentarius</span>’, Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. <span class='it'>bowde</span>, malte-worme (Prompt.).
An East Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Boud).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bow-dye,</span></span> a scarlet dye; name from <span class='it'>Bow</span>, near Stratford, Essex, where
the dyers mostly lived, in the 17th cent. Hence, as attrib., ‘My bowdy
stockings’, Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Prue).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowerly,</span></span> comely, portly, ‘burly’. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 8.
In common use in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). See Notes on
Eng. Etym. (s.v. Burly).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bow-hand,</span></span> the hand that holds the bow, the left hand. In phr.
<span class='it'>wide o’ th’ bow-hand</span>, wide of the mark (towards the left); L. L. L. iv. 1. 135;
<span class='it'>much o’ th’ bow-hand</span>, Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iv. 2 (end); Coxcomb,
i. 3. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowlne,</span></span> swollen. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 348. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bollen'>bollen</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowne,</span></span> a bound, limit. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v. ch. 23.
st. 45. In the same, st. 1 ‘the former bowne’ seems to mean ‘the preceding
chapter’. Norm. Fr. <span class='it'>bowne</span> (<span class='it'>bodne</span>), ‘limite’ (Moisy). Cp. Med. Lat.
<span class='it'>bonna</span>, <span class='it'>bodina</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowne,</span></span> a boon, a favour in answer to a request. Mirror for Mag.,
Cobham, st. 45; Adam Bel, 509, in Hazlitt’s Pop. Poetry, ii. 160. Icel. <span class='it'>bōn</span>,
a prayer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowrs, bowers,</span></span> muscles that bend the joints, strong muscles.
Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 12. Lit. <span class='it'>bow-er</span>, i.e. that which bows or bends;
see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>box-keeper,</span></span> the keeper of the dice and box at a gaming-table; ‘Gettall,
<span class='it'>a box-keeper</span>’, Massinger, City Madam (Dramatis Personae).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boyn,</span></span> to swell. ‘Her heeles behind <span class='it'>boynd</span> out’, Golding, Metam.
viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603). Cp. <span class='it'>boine</span>, <span class='it'>bunny</span>, Essex words for a swelling
caused by a blow (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>buyne</span> (now <span class='it'>bigne</span>); see Hatzfeld.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brabble,</span></span> to wrangle, quarrel, Coles, Dict. (1679); <span class='it'>brabble</span>, a quarrel,
brawl, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 69; Titus And. ii. 1. 62; hence, <span class='it'>brabbler</span>, a
quarreller, King John, v. 2. 162; <span class='it'>brabbling</span>, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel,
i. 1 (Colonel); ‘Noe more brabbling with him’ (your old Glasier),
Dorothy Wadham, Letter (1614), in T. G. Jackson’s Wadham College
(1893, p. 161). Du. ‘<span class='it'>brabbelen</span>, to brawle or to brabble’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brace,</span></span> to gird, encompass. ‘Bigge Bulles of Basan brace hem about’,
Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 124. OF. <span class='it'>bracier</span>, to embrace, deriv. of <span class='it'>brace</span>,
the two arms (Ch. Rol., 1343).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bracer, braser,</span></span> a protection for the arm in archery. Ascham, Toxophilus,
pp. 108, 109.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brach,</span></span> a bitch-hound. Properly a kind of hunting-dog; but it came
to be used with reference to a bitch in general. Webster, White Devil
(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (Belgarde);
King Lear, i. 4. 125. OF. <span class='it'>brac</span>, hunting-dog (Didot). OHG. <span class='it'>bracco</span>
(Schade).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brachet,</span></span> a small hunting-dog. Morte Arthur, leaf 52, back, 22;
bk. iii, c. 5. F. ‘<span class='it'>brachet</span>, a kind of little hound’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brachygraphy,</span></span> shorthand, stenography. B. Jonson, Paris Anniversary
(Fencer); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Sanitonella). Gk.
βραχυγραφία.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brack,</span></span> salt water. Only in Drayton, Pol. xxv. 50; Agincourt, 185
(NED.). Du. <span class='it'>brak</span>, briny, brackish.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brack,</span></span> a breach, fracture, Oxford City Records, 387; ‘<span class='it'>Breche</span>, a
brack or breach in a wall’, Cotgrave; a flaw, fault, ‘A brack, <span class='it'>vitium</span>’,
Coles, Dict. (1679); Digby, On the Soul, Dedic. (Johnson); a flaw in
cloth, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 33); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii.
249; a rupture, a quarrel, Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, v. 1 (Byron).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brag,</span></span> brisk, lively. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 11; ‘the bragge
lambs’, G. Fletcher, Christ’s Victory, i (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braid,</span></span> a sudden or brisk movement. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella).
ME. <span class='it'>brayd</span>: ‘She (Dido) walketh, walweth, maketh many a brayd’
(Chaucer, Leg. G. W., 1166); OE. <span class='it'>bregdan</span>, to move suddenly to and fro.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braid,</span></span> a sudden outburst of passion, anger. Warner, Alb. England,
bk. vii, ch. 37, st. 105; a sudden assault, Golding, Metam., xiii. 240; an
adroit turn, trick, deception, Greene, Radagon in Dianam, 62 (ed. Dyce,
302); (?) deceitful, All’s Well, iv. 2. 73.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braided;</span></span> <span class='it'>braided ware</span>, goods that have changed colour, tarnished, faded.
Marston, Scourge Villainie, Sat. v. 73 (cp. Bailey’s Dict., 1721; see NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brail,</span></span> in hawking, to confine a hawk’s wings by means of a <span class='it'>brail</span>, or
soft leather girdle; ‘They <span class='it'>brail</span> and hud us’ [confine and hood us], Tomkis,
Albumazar, ii. 9 (Flavia). OF. <span class='it'>brail</span>, <span class='it'>braiel</span>, a girdle. Med. L. <span class='it'>bracale</span>,
deriv. of <span class='it'>bracae</span>, breeches (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brake,</span></span> a powerful bit for horses. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2
(Cent.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brake,</span></span> to set one’s face in a brake, to assume an immovable expression
of countenance. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Bussy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brame,</span></span> longing, desire. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 52. Ital. <span class='it'>brama</span>, earnest
desire; from <span class='it'>bramare</span>, to desire. Cp. O. Prov. ‘<span class='it'>bramar</span>, braire, désirer ardemment’
(Levy), F. <span class='it'>bramer</span> (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>branched,</span></span> adorned with a figured pattern in embroidery, &amp;c.; ‘Branched
velvet’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 (Frank).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>branded,</span></span> brindled; of mixed colour, streaked. Chapman, tr. of
Homer, Iliad, xii. 217. A common prov. word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brandenburg,</span></span> a morning gown, with long sleeves. Etheredge, Man
of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii. 1 (Olivia). From
Brandenburg, in Germany, where there were woollen manufactories.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brandle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brandle,</span></span> to shake, endanger, cause to waver. Bacon, Henry VII, ed.
Lumby, p. 155. F. <span class='it'>branler</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#brangle'>brangle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brandlet,</span></span> a bird; prob. the brand-tail or redstart. Gascoigne, Prol.
to Philomene, 31. See EDD. (s.v. Brand-tail).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brand-wine,</span></span> brandy. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (Clause). Du.
<span class='it'>brande-wijn</span>, brandy, lit. burnt (i.e. distilled) wine.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brangle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brangle,</span></span> to shake, cause to waver; hence, to render uncertain, to confuse.
Merry Devil, ii. 2. 6. F. <span class='it'>branler</span>. Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#brandle'>brandle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brank,</span></span> buck-wheat; ‘Brank, Buck, or French-wheat, a summer grain
delighting in warm land’, Worlidge; Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 20. An
E. Anglian word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bransle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bransle,</span></span> a kind of dance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 8. F. ‘<span class='it'>bransle</span>, a
brawl or dance wherein many (men and women) holding by the hands,
sometimes in a ring, and other-whiles at length, move all together’ (Cotgr.).
Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#brawl'>brawl</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brant,</span></span> steep. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘Even brant agenst Flodon
hil’, (perhaps) even on the steep side of Flodden hill; id. p. 88. In common
prov. use in the north country (EDD.). OE. (Anglian) <span class='it'>brant</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brasell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#brazil'>brazil</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brast,</span></span> to burst. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 2, § 2; Douglas,
Eneados, iv. 81; pt. t., Sir T. More, Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 74);
Bunyan, Pilg. Pr. (ed. 1678, p. 73). In common prov. use in the north
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>breste</span>(<span class='it'>n</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1008). OE. <span class='it'>berstan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brathel,</span></span> a malignant scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 60. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#brothel'>brothel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brave,</span></span> finely arrayed; showy, splendid; fine, excellent. Tam. Shrew,
Ind., i. 40; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); ‘Brave, <span class='it'>splendidus</span>’,
Levins, Manip.; As You Like It, iii. 4. 43. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brawl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brawl,</span></span> a French dance. L. L. L. iii. 9; the figure is fully described in
Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Guerrino). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bransle'>bransle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brawn-fall’n,</span></span> having arms from which the muscle has fallen away.
Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 77; Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 127.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braye,</span></span> a brae, a steep bank; ‘Agaynste a rocke or an hye braye’,
Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 159. ‘Bray’ is still in use in Yorksh. and
Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Brae). Icel. <span class='it'>brā</span>, eyebrow, see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braye,</span></span> a military outwork, a mound or bank defended by palisades
and watch-towers. Act 4 Hen. VIII. 1. § 1 (NED.). <span class='it'>False braye</span>, an advanced
parapet surrounding the main rampart, Urquhart, Rabelais, iii. Prol.
F. <span class='it'>faulses brayes</span>, ‘issues qui doivent être bouchées, dans une place forte,
quand l’ennemi approche’, Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais, iii. Prol. Norm. F.
<span class='it'>faulses brayes</span>, ‘espèce de muraille, établie en dehors d’une forteresse
et servant de retranchement’ (Moisy). Med. L. <span class='it'>braca</span>, ‘moles, agger’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brazil'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brazil, brasell,</span></span> a hard wood which yields a red dye. Davenant, The
Wits, i. 1. 9; Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 133). In popular use in the
Yorksh. phrase, ‘As hard as brazzil’, see EDD. (s.v. Brazil, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Port.
and Span. <span class='it'>brasil</span>. The country in S. America is named from this wood
(NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>break:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to break one’s day</span>, to fail to make a payment on the day
appointed. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Prud.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>break up,</span></span> to break open; to open a letter. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 13; Merch.
Ven. ii. 4. 10. Also, to carve, L. L. L. iv. 1. 56.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breast,</span></span> the source of the voice, the voice in singing. Twelfth Nt. ii.
3. 20; Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 6 (Fool); G. Herbert, The Temper, p. 47.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breathe:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to breathe a vein</span>, to open a vein by lancing it. Dryden,
Oliver Cromwell, st. 12; Georgics, iii. 700; Palamon, iii. 755.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breathely,</span></span> worthless. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 36. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>brethel</span>(<span class='it'>l</span>,
a worthless fellow (York Plays, xxvi. 179). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breck,</span></span> a breach, gap. Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 16 (p. 40). A north-country
word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>brekke</span> (Chaucer, Bk. Duch., 940).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='breme1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breme,</span></span> fierce, stormy; ‘Breme winter’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb.,
42; ‘<span class='it'>Froid</span>, cold, breame, chill’, Cotgrave; Drayton, Heroic. Epist., xvi.
8. ME. <span class='it'>breme</span> (Lydgate, Chron. Troy, ii. 16). Still in use in the north
country (EDD.). Cp. OE. <span class='it'>brēman</span>, to rage: <span class='it'>broeman</span> ‘fervere’, in Preface
Lind. Matthew (ed. Skeat, p. 5, l. 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='breme2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breme.</span></span> Of reports, loudly prevalent; ‘In their talke most breeme
Was then Achilles victorie’, Golding, Met. xii. 280. OE. <span class='it'>brēme</span>, famous,
celebrated.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brended,</span></span> brindled. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Puppy). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#brinded'>brinded</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brenne,</span></span> to burn. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 45; pt. t. <span class='it'>brent</span>, id. i. 9. 10;
pp. <span class='it'>brent</span>, id. ii. 6. 49. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>brennen</span> (Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2331). Icel. <span class='it'>brenna</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brere,</span></span> a briar. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 2; Sackville, Induction, st.
39. A very common prov. pronunc. (EDD.). OE. (Mercian) <span class='it'>brēr</span>, WS.
<span class='it'>brǣr</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bret,</span></span> the name of a fish like the turbot; ‘The bret, of all [fishes] the
slowest’, Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Hephestion). Also called a <span class='it'>birt</span> or <span class='it'>burt</span>.
See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bretch,</span></span> a breach; ‘With careless <span class='it'>bretch</span>’, Phaer. and Twyne, tr. of
Aeneid, x. 467. F. <span class='it'>brèche</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brevit,</span></span> to hunt about, search, pry, beat about, forage; ‘Breviting by
night’, Drayton, The Owl, 179. Prob. from <span class='it'>brevet</span>, in the sense of taking
by ‘brevet’ or written warrant (NED.). In gen. use in the midland
counties (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>briars:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in the briars</span>, in troubles, among thorns; ‘I ought not so
to leave Eccho <span class='it'>in</span> the bryers’, Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bribe,</span></span> a thing stolen, Barclay, Shyp of Folys, ii. 85. OF. <span class='it'>bribe</span>, a piece
of bread, F. ‘<span class='it'>bribe</span>, a peece of bread given unto a beggar’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bribe,</span></span> to take dishonestly, to purloin, to steal or rob; ‘They do deceive
the needy, bribe and pill from them’, Cranmer, Instr. of Prayer;
‘I bribe, I pyll’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>brybyn</span> (<span class='it'>briben</span>) ‘latrocinor’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bribery,</span></span> robbery with violence, extortion, Geneva Bible (Matt. xxiii.
25).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bribour,</span></span> a thief or robber, Berners, tr. of Froissart, ii. 10. 21. ME.
<span class='it'>brybowre</span> (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brickle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brickle,</span></span> fragile, easily broken; ‘Brickle vessels’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span> (AV.), Wisdom,
xv. 13; ‘brickle, <span class='it'>fragilis</span>’, Levins, Manip.; Spenser, Ruins of Time,
499; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. 8. OE. <span class='it'>brycel</span>, see NED. (s.vv.
Britchel, Brickle). See <span class='bold'><a href='#brokle'>brokle</a>, <a href='#bruckle'>bruckle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bride-house,</span></span> the house where a wedding is held. ‘A public hall for
celebrating marriages’, Nares. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bride-lace,</span></span> a piece of gold, silk, or other lace, used to bind up the
sprigs of rosemary formerly used at weddings. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3
(Hazard).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bridling-cast,</span></span> a glass taken when the horse is bridled; a stirrup-glass,
stirrup-cup. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. Loveless).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brigand-harness'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brigand-harness,</span></span> a brigandine, a piece of armour worn by a ‘brigand’
or foot-soldier. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 251. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#brigandine2'>brigandine</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brigandine,</span></span> a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing.
Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.); also <span class='it'>brigantine</span>, Baret, Alvearie.
F. <span class='it'>brigandin</span> (<span class='it'>brigantin</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brigandine2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brigandine,</span></span> a coat-of-mail, corslet. Milton, Samson, 1120.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>briggen-yrons,</span></span> brigand-irons, armour for the arms. Thersites, ed.
Pollard, l. 169. See <span class='bold'><a href='#brigand-harness'>brigand-harness</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brim,</span></span> fierce, esp. an epithet of the boar; ‘Never bore so brymme’,
Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 6. 5; ME. <span class='it'>brym</span> (<span class='it'>brim</span>) fierce (Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#breme1'>breme</a></span> (1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brim,</span></span> (of reports, rumours) loudly current, much spoken of. Throgmorton
(NED., s.v. Breme 4); <span class='it'>brimme</span>, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iv.
ch. 20, st. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#breme2'>breme</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brimse,</span></span> a gadfly. Gosson, School of Abuse (Arber, 64); <span class='it'>brimsees</span>, pl.,
Topsell, Serpents, 769. A Kentish word, ‘You have a brims in your tail’,
see EDD. (s.v. Brims). G. <span class='it'>bremse</span>; Icel. <span class='it'>brims</span> (Fritzner). Norw. dialect
<span class='it'>brims</span> (Aasen); Swed. <span class='it'>brems</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brinch,</span></span> to pledge in drinking. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Halfpenie);
also written <span class='it'>brince</span>, to offer drink: ‘Luther first brinced to Germany the
poisoned cup’, Harding, in Jewel’s Works, IV, 335 (NED.). Cp. the
German expression, <span class='it'>Ich bring’s</span> (<span class='it'>euch</span>), i.e. I drink to you, lit. I bring it (to
you). Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>brindisi</span> (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brinded'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brinded,</span></span> brindled, streaked; ‘The brinded cat’, Macbeth, iv. 1. 1. In
prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bring:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to be with one to bring</span>: a phrase of various application, but
usually implying getting the upper hand in some way. Tr. and Cr. i. 2.
304; Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady and Welford); Peele,
Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 503); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Y.
Chartley); Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brist:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>full brist</span>, full burst, with sudden violence. Golding, Metam.
xi. 510; fol. 138 (1603). A northern form of OE. <span class='it'>berstan</span>, to burst (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brize,</span></span> a breeze, a gadfly. Spenser, Visions of the World’s Vanity, ii. 10;
spelt <span class='it'>bryze</span>, F. Q. vi. 1. 24. The gadfly is called <span class='it'>briz</span> in Cheshire, Shropsh.,
and Gloucestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Breeze, sb.<sup>1</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>briosa</span> (<span class='it'>breosa</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brocage,</span></span> procuracy in immorality. Spenser, Introd. to Shep. Kal.
(beginning); Mother Hubbard’s Tale, 851. Also, bribery, mean practice,
Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 7. ME. <span class='it'>brocage</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3375).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>brocage</span>, the action of an intermediary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>broche,</span></span> the ‘first head’ of a hart. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21; p. 52.
OF. <span class='it'>broche</span>. Med. L. <span class='it'>broca</span>, ‘cornu’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>broche, broach,</span></span> a spit. Morte Arthur, leaf 84. 34; bk. v, c. 5; ‘hazel
broach’, spit made of hazel-wood, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. ii. 545;
to pierce with a spit, to pierce, Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid i. 92. F.
<span class='it'>broche</span>, a spit; <span class='it'>brocher</span>, to broach, to spit (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brock,</span></span> a badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); ‘Brocke or
badger’, Huloet; applied as a term of contempt to a dirty stinking fellow,
Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 114. ME. <span class='it'>broke</span>, ‘taxus’ (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>broc</span>, cp. O. Irish
<span class='it'>brocc</span>. In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland for the animal,
and in Scotland in its transferred sense (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>broken beer,</span></span> remnants or leavings of beer in pots and glasses.
Founded on the phrases <span class='it'>broken meat</span>, <span class='it'>bread</span>, or <span class='it'>victuals</span>, meaning fragments
of meat, &amp;c. Cartwright, The Ordinary, i. 4 (Slicer). So also <span class='it'>broken bread</span>,
The London Chanticleers, sc. 1 (Heath).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>broken music,</span></span> concerted music, music arranged for parts. As You
Like It, i. 2. 150; Hen. V, v. 2. 263; Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 52.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brokle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brokle,</span></span> brittle, frail. Sir T. Elyot, bk. iii, c. 19, § 1. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bruckle'>bruckle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bronstrops,</span></span> a prostitute. ‘A bronstrops is in English a hippocrene’,
Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Col.’s Friend); id. iv. 4 (Chough);
Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brothel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brothel,</span></span> an abandoned wretch; ‘Go hence, thou brothel’, Calisto and
Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 82; ‘bitched brothel’, World and Child,
in the same, i. 254. ME. <span class='it'>brothell</span>, a worthless fellow (Gower, C. A. vii. 2595).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brouse, brouze,</span></span> young shoots of trees, eaten by cattle. Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 132. 3; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 45.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brown bill,</span></span> a weapon, a kind of halbert. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; King
Lear, iv. 6. 92.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bruckel’d,</span></span> begrimed, dirty. Herrick, The Temple, 58. In use in the
north country and in East Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Bruckle, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bruckle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bruckle,</span></span> brittle, fragile. Puttenham, E. Poesie, p. 219. In prov. use
in various parts of England, and in Scotland and Ireland (EDD.). OE.
<span class='it'>brucol</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#brokle'>brokle</a>, <a href='#brickle'>brickle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bruit,</span></span> a rumour, report. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 64; Timon, v. 1. 198; to noise
abroad, 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 114; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 68. F. <span class='it'>bruit</span>, noise, rumour.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brusle</span></span> (meaning doubtful), to crack (?). Fletcher, A Wife for a Month
ii. 6 (Camillo). Perhaps the same word as <span class='bold'><a href='#brustle'>brustle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brustle,</span></span> to parch, scorch, to crackle in cooking or burning, as in Gower,
C. A. iv. 2732. ‘He .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. brustleth as a monkes froise (pancake)’. Hence,
to make a noise like the waves of the sea, spelt <span class='it'>brussel</span>, Fletcher, Span.
Curate, iv. 7 (Lopez). In prov. use in the north, also in Kent and Sussex,
in the sense of scorching, crackling; see EDD. (s.v. Brustle, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='brustle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brustle, brusle,</span></span> to raise the feathers, like a bird. Herrick, Hesp. (ed.
1859, p. 122).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brutel,</span></span> brittle. Spelt <span class='it'>brutyll</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 65, end; bk. iv, c. 8
(end). ME. <span class='it'>brutel</span>, <span class='it'>brotel</span> (Chaucer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bub,</span></span> to bubble. Sackville, Induction, st. 69.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bubber,</span></span> a drinker of wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bubble,</span></span> to delude with <span class='it'>bubbles</span>, or unsubstantial schemes; to cheat.
Etheredge, Love in a Tub, ii. 3 (Wheedle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bubble,</span></span> one who can be easily ‘bubbled’; a dupe. Shadwell, Squire
of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buck,</span></span> to steep or boil (clothes) in lye; ‘Bucke these shyrtes’, Palsgrave;
Puritan Widow, i. 1. 150; the quantity of clothes washed at once, 2 Hen. VI,
iv. 2. 52; <span class='it'>buck-basket</span>, basket for dirty linen, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 2. Phr.
<span class='it'>to beat a buck</span>, to beat clothes when being washed, Massinger, Virgin Martyr,
iv. 2 (Spungius); <span class='it'>to drive a buck</span>, to wash clothes, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub,
iii (end). See EDD. (s.v. Buck, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>bouken</span>, to steep in lye (P. Plowman).
OE. type *<span class='it'>būcian</span>, cp. G. <span class='it'>bäuchen</span>, to steep in lye; also Ital. <span class='it'>bucata</span>,
F. <span class='it'>buée</span>, lye, a wash of clothes.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buckall,</span></span> the point of a horn; ‘You all know the device of the horn,
where the young fellow slips in at the butt-end, and comes squeezed out
at the <span class='it'>buckall</span>’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Touchstone). Here <span class='it'>buckall</span> = <span class='it'>buckle</span>,
meaning the twisted or curled end of the horn, i.e. the smaller end. Cp.
prov. E. <span class='it'>buckle-horn</span>, a crooked or bent horn; <span class='it'>buckle-mouthed</span>, having a twisted
mouth (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bucke,</span></span> the body of a chariot; ‘The axletree was massie gold, the <span class='it'>bucke</span>
was massie golde’, Golding, Metam., ii. 107; fol. 16 (1603). In E. Anglia
‘buck’ is still in use for the body of a cart or wagon; esp. the front part,
see EDD. (s.v. Buck, sb.<sup>6</sup> 3); also pronounced <span class='it'>bouk</span> (Bouk, sb.<sup>1</sup> 5). See
NED. (s.v. Bulk, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3. c).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buckle,</span></span> to prepare oneself, esp. by buckling on armour; ‘To teach
dangers to come on by over-early buckling towards them’, Bacon, Essay 21.
<span class='it'>Buckle with</span>, to cope with, join in close fight with, 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 95; Beaumont
and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 19. Also <span class='it'>buckle</span>, to bow, give way,
2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 141; <span class='it'>buckled</span>, doubled up, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bud,</span></span> said of children; or used as a term of endearment. King John,
iii. 4. 82; ‘O my dear, dear bud’, Wycherley, Country Wife, ii. 1 (Mrs.
Pinchwife). A transferred sense of <span class='it'>bud</span> (of a flower).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bud;</span></span> ‘ ’Tis strange these varlets .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. should thus boldly Bud in your
sight, unto your son’, Fletcher, Monsieur Thomas, iv. 2 (Thomas). Meaning
unknown.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>budge,</span></span> lamb’s fur. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 65. <span class='it'>Budge-bachelor</span>,
a bachelor or younger member of a company, who wore a gown
trimmed with <span class='it'>budge</span> on Lord Mayor’s day (NED.). Hence, <span class='it'>budge doctor</span>,
a consequential person, Milton, Comus, 707.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buff ne baff,</span></span> never a word; ‘Saied to hym .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. neither buff ne baff’
Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 25. Caxton, Reynard (Arber, 106).
<span class='it'>Buff nor baff</span> is a phr. in use in Leicestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Buff, sb.<sup>5</sup> 6).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buffe,</span></span> to bark gently; ‘<span class='it'>Buffe</span> and barke’, Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Diogenes, § 140. A Yorksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Buff, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buffin,</span></span> a coarse cloth in use for gowns of the middle classes. Massinger,
City Madam, iv. 4 (Milliscent); Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude).
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buffon</span></span> (búff-on), a buffoon. B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 3. 8. F. <span class='it'>bouffon</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bufo,</span></span> a term in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Subtle). ‘The
black tincture of the alchemists’ (Gifford). Only occurs in this passage.
L. <span class='it'>bufo</span>, lit. a toad.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bug1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bug,</span></span> an object of terror, bogey, hobgoblin. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 214;
Hamlet, v. 2. 22; Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor); ‘Thou shalt not
nede to be afrayed for eny bugges by night’, Coverdale, Ps. xc (xci), 5.
ME. <span class='it'>bugge</span>, ‘ducius’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bug words,</span></span> pompous, conceited words, Massinger, New Way to Pay,
iii. 2 (Marrall); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2 (Huntley). See EDD.
(s.v. Bug, adj. 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulch,</span></span> to stave in the bottom of a ship. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil,
Aeneid i. 132. Cp. <span class='it'>bulge</span>, the ‘bilge’, bottom of a ship’s hull (NED. s.v.
Bulge, sb. 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulch,</span></span> a bull-calf; used as a term of endearment by a witch. Ford,
Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Sawyer). Still in prov. use in Scotland:
‘Sic a bonnie bulch o’ a bairn’, a Banffshire expression (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bulchin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulchin,</span></span> a bull-calf. Tusser, Husbandry, 33; Drayton, Pol. xxi. 65;
used as a term of endearment, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.);
a term of contempt, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). A
Shropsh. word for a calf; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a stout child (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bulkin'>bulkin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulcking,</span></span> a term of endearment. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, i. 671. See
NED. (s.v. Bulkin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bulk1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulk,</span></span> the belly, Lucrece, 467; the trunk, the body; spelt <span class='it'>boulke</span>.
Elyot, Castle Health (NED.); Richard III, i. 4. 40.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bulk2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulk,</span></span> a framework projecting from the front of a shop. Coriolanus,
ii. 1. 226; Othello, v. 1. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulker,</span></span> a petty thief; also, a street-walker, prostitute. (Cant.)
Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (2 Bully). One who sleeps on a ‘bulk’,
one who steals from a ‘bulk’; see <span class='bold'><a href='#bulk2'>bulk</a></span> (above).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='bulkin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulkin,</span></span> a bull-calf; ‘A young white bulkin’, Holland, tr. of Pliny,
bk. xxviii, c. 12. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bulchin'>bulchin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bull,</span></span> a jest; ‘To print his <span class='it'>jests</span>. <span class='it'>Hazard.</span> His <span class='it'>bulls</span>, you mean’, Shirley,
Gamester, iii. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bull-beggar,</span></span> an object of terror, a hobgoblin. Middleton, A Trick
to Catch, i. 4 (near the end); A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (Host); Bull-begger,
‘<span class='it'>larva</span>, <span class='it'>Terriculamentum</span>,’ Skinner (1671). Perhaps a corruption of
<span class='it'>bull-boggart</span>. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulled,</span></span> swollen. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (George). Still in
use in Northamptonsh. and Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>bolled</span>, swollen
(NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bullions.</span></span> The full form is <span class='it'>bullion-hose</span> (NED.), a term applied to
trunk-hose, puffed out at the upper part, in several folds. ‘His bastard
bullions’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen) [<span class='it'>bastard</span> is the name of
a kind of cloth]; <span class='it'>a pair of bullions</span>, The Chances, v. 2 (John); <span class='it'>in the bullion</span>,
i.e. wearing bullions, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Pontalier).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bully-rook,</span></span> a familiar term of endearment, fine fellow. Merry
Wives, i. 3. 2; ii. 1. 200; Shirley, Gent. of Venice, iii. 1 (Thomazo).
See EDD. (s.v. Bully, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bum,</span></span> to strike, beat, thump. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 2 (Spungius);
Greene, James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). See EDD. (s.v. Bum, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bum out,</span></span> to project; ‘What have you bumming out there?’ Rowley,
A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bum vay,</span></span> a familiar contraction of <span class='it'>by my fay</span>, by my faith. Contention
between Liberality and Prodigality, iv. 3, near the end; in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, viii. 364; <span class='it'>by my vay</span>, Wily Beguiled, Hazlitt, ix. 328. See EDD.
(s.v. Fay, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>by my fey</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1126).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bumb-blade.</span></span> (Cant.) Given in NED. as <span class='it'>bum-blade</span>, a large sword,
Massinger, City Madam, i. 2 (Page).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bump,</span></span> to make a noise like a bittern, to boom. Dryden, Wife of Bath,
194. <span class='it'>Bumping</span>, the boom of the bittern, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors,
bk. iii. c. 27 (4). See EDD. (s.v. Bump, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bunch,</span></span> a company of teal; a technical word in falconry. Drayton,
xxv. 63. In E. Anglia they speak of a ‘bunch’ of wild-fowl, see EDD.
(s.v. Bunch, sb.<sup>1</sup> ii. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bung,</span></span> a purse. (Cant.) Dekker, Roaring Girl (Wks., ed. 1873, iii.
217); a pick-pocket, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 138.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bunting,</span></span> fat, plump. In Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 1. 10. NED.
explains it as ‘plump’; but suggests that it may perhaps mean ‘butting’,
from the verb <span class='it'>bunt</span>, to butt. I was at first inclined to take the same
view; but the context decides altogether in favour of the adjective. In
l. 7, Faunus brings with him ‘The <span class='it'>fattest</span>, fairest fawn in all the chace:
I wonder how the knave could skip so fast.’; i.e. because he was so fat.
And Pan replies that he has brought with him an equally fat lamb, viz.
‘A <span class='it'>bunting</span> lamb; nay, pray you, feel no bones [i.e. you can’t feel his
bones]. Believe me now, my cunning much I miss If ever Pan felt <span class='it'>fatter</span>
lamb than this’. See EDD. (s.v. Bunting, adj.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burble,</span></span> to bubble. Spelt <span class='it'>burbyl</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 8; bk.
xviii. c. 21; pres. pt. <span class='it'>burbelynge</span>, id. lf. 208. 17; bk. x. c. 2; ‘I boyle up or
burbyll up as a water dothe in a spring’, <span class='it'>Je bouillonne</span>, Palsgrave. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burbolt,</span></span> a bird-bolt, a kind of blunt-headed arrow used for shooting
birds. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Custance); Marston, What you
Will, Induction (Philomuse).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burden,</span></span> a staff, club. In Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 46. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bordon'>bordon</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burdseat,</span></span> a board-seat, i.e. a stool. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid,
iii. 408.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burgh;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#burre2'>burre</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='burgullian'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burgullian,</span></span> a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burle,</span></span> to pick out from cloth knots, loose threads, &amp;c.; ‘<span class='it'>Desquamare
vestes</span>, to burle clothe’, Cooper, Dict. (1565). Hence <span class='it'>Burling-iron</span>, a pair
of tweezers used in ‘burling’, Herrick, To the Painter, 10. In prov.
use, see EDD. (s.v. Burl, vb. 1). ME. <span class='it'>burle clothe</span>, ‘extuberare’ (Cath.
Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Burmoothes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Burmoothes,</span></span> the Bermudas. Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased,
i. 2 (end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Bermoothes'>Bermoothes</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burnish,</span></span> to grow stout or plump, to fill out; said of the human frame.
Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 37; vol. i, p. 345 b (1634); Congreve,
Way of the World, iii. 3 (Mrs. Marwood); ‘<span class='it'>Femme qui encharge</span>, that grows
big on’t, who burnishes, or whose belly increases’, Cotgrave; Dryden,
Hind and Panther, i. 390. In prov. use, see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burnt,</span></span> branded as a criminal. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. v. 2 (Cat.
Bountinall).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burnt sack,</span></span> a particular kind of wine heated at the fire, Merry
Wives, ii. 1. 222; <span class='it'>burnt wine</span>, Heywood, Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Scapha);
<span class='it'>burnt claret</span>, The Tatler, no. 36, § 5 (1709).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burre,</span></span> the lowest of the tines on a stag’s horn. Turbervile, Hunting,
c. 21, p. 53. Still in use in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.<sup>1</sup> 7),
where the word is defined, ‘the ball or knob of a stag’s horn at its
juncture with the skull’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#antlier'>antlier</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='burre2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burre,</span></span> an iron ring on a tilting spear, just behind the place for the
hand. ‘Burre or yron of a launce, &amp;c.’, Florio, tr. of Montaigne, ii. 37;
in form <span class='it'>burgh</span>, Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Moll). ME. <span class='it'>burwhe</span>, sercle,
‘orbiculus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 268). See EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.<sup>6</sup>),
and NED. (s.v. Burr, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burrough, borrow,</span></span> a pledge, a surety. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub,
iii. 1 (Pan); v. 2 (Turfe). ME. <span class='it'>borwe</span>, a pledge (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1622).
OE. <span class='it'>borh</span> (dat. <span class='it'>borge</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Burse,</span></span> an Exchange; esp. the Royal Exchange built by Sir Thomas
Gresham in 1566; it contained shops. Massinger, City Madam, iii. 1. 13;
Middleton, The Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Moll’s Song). F. <span class='it'>bourse</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bursmen,</span></span> (perhaps) shopmen; ‘Welcome, still my merchants of <span class='it'>bona
speranza</span> [i.e. gamblers]; .&nbsp;. what ware deal you in? .&nbsp;. Say, my brave
bursmen’, A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (beginning). I think the reference
is to keepers of shops in the Burse; see above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bursten,</span></span> ruptured. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 3 (Savil).
In common prov. use (with various pronunciations), see EDD. (s.v.
Burst, vb. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bushment,</span></span> an ambush. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. ME. <span class='it'>buschment</span>
(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 269).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>busine,</span></span> a trumpet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 199. 20; <span class='it'>busyne</span>, id.,
lf. 187, back, 26. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>buisine</span> (Ch. Rol., 3523), L. <span class='it'>buccina</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buske,</span></span> a bush. Ralph, Roister Doister, i. 4 (M. Merygreek). ME.
<span class='it'>buske</span>, or busshe, ‘rubus’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buskets,</span></span> a spray, as of hawthorn. <span class='it'>May buskets</span>, sprays of ‘May’ or
hawthorn, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 10. See Dict. (s.v. Bouquet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buskined,</span></span> wearing the buskins of tragedy; hence tragic, dignified.
‘The buskin’d scene’, Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1. 6; ‘buskin’d strain’,
Drayton, Pol. ii. 333.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>busking,</span></span> an attiring; esp. the dressing of the head. Ascham, Scholemaster,
bk. i. (ed. Arber, p. 54). ME. <span class='it'>busken</span>, to get oneself ready (Cursor M.,
11585). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buskle,</span></span> to prepare oneself; hence, to set out, start on a journey, set
to work, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid iii. 359 (ed. Arber, 81); to hurry about,
Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 51. Freq. of <span class='it'>busk</span>, vb.; see
above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>busk-point,</span></span> the lace, with its tag (or point), which secured the end
of the ‘busk’, or strip of wood in the front of the stays. Dekker, Shoemaker’s
Holiday, v. 2 (Hodge); Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Maquerelle);
How a Man may Choose, i. 3 (Fuller).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>busky,</span></span> bushy. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bosky'>bosky</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bustain,</span></span> (prob.) clothed in <span class='it'>bustian</span> or <span class='it'>busteyn</span>, a cotton fabric of foreign
manufacture; used as a term of derision; ‘Penthesilea with her bustain
troopes’ (i.e. her Amazons). Heywood, Iron Age, pt. ii; vol. iii, p. 368.
OF. <span class='it'>bustanne</span>, ‘sorte d’étoffe fabriquée à Valenciennes’ (Godefrey).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>but,</span></span> except, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 82; Massinger, Renegado, i. 2; unless,
<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Amos iii. 17; <span class='it'>but if</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 16; iv. 8. 33. In prov.
use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. Wyclif, John xii. 24: ‘But a corn of whete
falle in to the erthe, and be deed, it dwellith alone.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>but-bolt, butt-bolt,</span></span> an unbarbed arrow used in shooting at the
butts. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Cuddy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#butt-shaft'>butt-shaft</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>butin,</span></span> booty. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 277, back, 18. F. <span class='it'>butin</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>butter-box,</span></span> a contemptuous term for a (fat) Dutchman. Massinger,
Renegado, ii. 5. 8; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Fulgoso).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>butter-print,</span></span> a humorous expression for a child, as bearing the stamp
of the parents’ likeness. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4. 10;
The Chances, i. 5 (Don John); Span. Curate, ii. 1 (Diego).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buttery-bar,</span></span> the horizontal ledge on the top of the <span class='it'>buttery-hatch</span>, or
half-door, to rest tankards on, Twelfth Nt., i. 3. 75. <span class='it'>Buttery-hatch</span>, Heywood,
Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Robin). A ‘buttery-hatch’ is still to be seen
opposite the entrance to the dining-hall in every college in Oxford. See
NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>button,</span></span> a bud. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 1. 6. ME. <span class='it'>botoun</span> (Rom.
Rose, 1721). OF. <span class='it'>bouton</span>, a bud (Rom. Rose); see Bartsch, 412.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buttons, to make,</span></span> to be in great fear. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv.
3 (Sancho). See EDD. (s.v. Button, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8 and 12).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='butt-shaft'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>butt-shaft,</span></span> an arrow (without a barb), for shooting at the butts.
B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); L. L. L. i. 2. 181.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buxom,</span></span> yielding, obedient; blithe, lively. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s
Tale, 626; Henry V, iii. 6. 28; Milton, L’Allegro, 24. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buzzes,</span></span> for <span class='it'>burrs-es</span>, double pl. of <span class='it'>burr</span>; burrs; used of the rough seed-vessels
of some plants. Field, Woman a Weathercock, ii. 1 (Scudmore).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>by and by,</span></span> immediately. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Matt. xiii. 21; Luke xxi. 9;
Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 2. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>by-blow,</span></span> a bastard. Ussher, Annals, 499 (NED.); Cox, Registers,
Lambeth, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1688, p. 75. In common prov. use in the north of England
and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. By(e, 8 (4)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>by-chop,</span></span> a bastard. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 2 (Chair).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bye,</span></span> a secondary object; <span class='it'>bye and main,</span> a term orig. used in dicing,
expressing different ways of winning. <span class='it'>To bar bye and main</span>, to prevent
entirely, stop altogether, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1
(Rosalura).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bye,</span></span> to pay the penalty for, atone for. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. 30.
Cp. ME. <span class='it'>abyen</span>, to buy off (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4393). See <span class='bold'><a href='#aby'>aby</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bynempt,</span></span> declared solemnly, promised with an oath. Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 1. 60; Shep. Kal., July, 214. See <span class='bold'><a href='#benempt'>benempt</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>by’r lakin,</span></span> by our Lady-kin or little Lady (with reference to the
Virgin Mary). Temp. iii. 3. 1; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 14. So also <span class='it'>Byrlady</span>,
Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 2 (1 Gent.). In prov. use from Yorksh.
to Derbysh., see EDD. (s.v. Byrlakins).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>byse,</span></span> greyish; light blue, or azure. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1158.
See Dict. (s.v. Bice).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bysse,</span></span> fine linen; also, a vague name for any fine or costly material.
Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. Dyce, v. 558; Peele, Honour of
the Garter, l. 88. OF. <span class='it'>bysse</span>, L. <span class='it'>byssus</span>, Gk. βύσσos, ‘fine linen’ (Luke
xvi. 19); Heb. <span class='it'>būts</span>, applied to the finest and most precious stuffs as worn
by persons of high rank or honour (1 Chron. iv. 21).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='C'>C</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cabage,</span></span> to cut off the head of a deer close behind his horns. Turbervile,
Hunting, xliii. 134; ‘I wyll cabage my dere, <span class='it'>je cabacheray ma beste</span>’,
Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>caboche</span> (Book on Hunting; NED.). F. (Picard) <span class='it'>caboche</span>,
the head, see H. Estienne, Précellence, 175. 397.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cabbish,</span></span> a cabbage. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O.
Twi.). A Yorksh. pronunc. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cabinet,</span></span> a cabin, hut, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 83; ‘(the lark’s)
moist cabinet’, Venus and Adonis, 854.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cabrito,</span></span> a kid. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). Span.
<span class='it'>cabrito</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cacafugo,</span></span> a spitfire, a braggart, blustering fellow. Fletcher, Fair Maid
of the Inn, iii. 1. 8. Span. <span class='it'>cacafuego</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cackler,</span></span> the domestic fowl. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cackling-cheat;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a>.</span> (Cant.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cacokenny,</span></span> a purposely perverted form of <span class='it'>cacochymy</span>, an unhealthy
state of the humours or fluids of the body. Middleton, Anything for
a Quiet Life, iii. 2 (Sweetball). Gk. κακοχυμία.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caddess,</span></span> the jackdaw. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. 541; ‘A cadesse or a
dawe, <span class='it'>Monedula</span>’, Baret, Alvearie. An old Yorksh. word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caddow,</span></span> the jackdaw. Huloet, Dict. (1552); spelt <span class='it'>cadowe</span>, Golding,
Metam., vii. 468; Tusser, Husbandry, § 46. 28. ME. <span class='it'>cadow</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, ‘monedula’
(Prompt. EETS., see note no. 313).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cade,</span></span> a young animal brought up by hand; usually, a pet-lamb; rarely,
a foal. ‘The <span class='it'>Cade</span> which cheweth the Cudde’ (here, apparently, a calf),
Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, iii. 4 (Ambidexter). In prov. use in
various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cade, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1). ME. a <span class='it'>cade</span>, ‘ovis
domestica’ (Cath. Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cade, oil of,</span></span> oil from the prickly cedar. <span class='it'>Oyle of Cade</span>, Turbervile, Hunting,
c. 66; p. 187. F. <span class='it'>cade</span>, the prickly cedar (Cotgr).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caitif,</span></span> a captive. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 794; <span class='it'>caitifes</span>, unhappy men,
Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii. 253. Also, mean, niggardly, Sir T. Browne, Rel.
Medici, pt. 2, § 3. Norm. F. ‘<span class='it'>caitif</span>, malheureux, misérable, captif’ (Moisy);
cp. Prov. <span class='it'>caitiu</span>, ‘captif, chétif, misérable, mauvais, méchant’ (Levy).
Celto-L. type *<span class='it'>cactivum</span>, L. <span class='it'>captivum</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calambac,</span></span> an Eastern name of aloes-wood or eagle-wood. A Knack to
know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 571. Malay <span class='it'>kalambak</span>. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caldesed, chaldesed,</span></span> cheated. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 1010; Elephant
in the Moon, 494. Coined from Chaldees, pl. of Chaldee, a Chaldean,
an astrologer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Calipolis,</span></span> the wife of the Moor in Peele’s play, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 3:
‘Feed, then, and faint not, fair Calipolis.’ Hence Pistol has: ‘Feed, and
be fat, my fair Calipolis’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 193; and Heywood has: ‘To
feed, and be fat, my fine Cullapolis’, Royal King (Captain), vol. vi, p. 30.
Those who consult Peele’s play will find the quotation to be extremely
humorous. Pistol’s words occur again in Marston, What you Will, v.
1. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calke,</span></span> to calculate. Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 15; <span class='it'>kalked</span>, pp.; id.
Clarence, st. 26. Short for <span class='it'>calcule</span>, F. <span class='it'>calculer</span>, L. <span class='it'>calculare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calker, calcar,</span></span> a calculator, an astrologer; ‘<span class='it'>Calkers</span> of mens byrthes’,
Coverdale, Isaiah ii. 6; <span class='it'>calcars</span>, Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Jopas, 60; in Tottel’s
Misc., p. 95.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calkins,</span></span> the turned-up ends of the horse-shoe which raise the heels
from the ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 4. 68; ‘<span class='it'>Rampone</span>, a calkin in a
horses shoon to keepe him from sliding’, Florio. This word, with various
pronunciations, is in prov. use in many parts of England from Lancash. to
Shropsh. and Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Calkin). OF. <span class='it'>calcain</span>, heel (Godefrey).
L. <span class='it'>calcaneum</span>, heel (Vulg., John xiii. 18).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>callet,</span></span> a lewd woman, a tramp’s concubine. Othello, iv. 2. 122. B.
Jonson, Volpono, iv. 1 (Lady P.); ‘<span class='it'>Paillarde</span>, a strumpet, callet’, Cotgrave.
In prov. use in Scotland, Yorksh., and Lancash., see EDD. (s.v. Callet,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). A Gipsy word, see Englische Studien, XXII (ann. 1895).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>callot, calotte,</span></span> a coif worn on the wig of a serjeant-at-law, a skull-cap.
B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Bias); Etheredge, She Would if she
Could, iii. 3 (Sir Joslin). F. <span class='it'>calotte</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>cale</span>, a caul.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>callymoocher,</span></span> a term of abuse. Only occurs in Middleton, Mayor
of Queenborough, iii. 3 (Oliver).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calophantic,</span></span> making a show of excellence; hypocritical. ‘Calophantic
Puritaines’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 53, st. 21. Gk. καλό-ς,
fair + -φαντης, one who shows, from φαίνειν, to show.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calvered salmon,</span></span> fresh salmon prepared in a particular way;
sometimes, apparently, pickled salmon. Massinger, Maid of Honour,
iii. 1 (Gasparo). ME. <span class='it'>calvar</span>, ‘as samone or oder fysch’ (Prompt. EETS.,
see note, no. 320).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cambrel,</span></span> a crooked stick with notches on it, on which butchers hang
their meat. Also <span class='it'>cambren</span>, see Phillips (1706). Wel. <span class='it'>cambren</span>; <span class='it'>cam</span> crooked,
and <span class='it'>pren</span> wood, stick. In prov. use in Scotland, and in England, from the
Border as far south as Warwick, see EDD. (s.v. Cambrel, sb.<sup>1</sup>). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#gambrel'>gambrel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cambrel,</span></span> the hock of an animal; spelt <span class='it'>camborell</span>. Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 107. 3; ‘His crooked cambrils’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium,
Nymphal, x. 20; ‘<span class='it'>Chapelet du jarret</span>, the cambrel hogh of a horse’, Cotgrave.
See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='camisado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>camisado,</span></span> a night attack by soldiers; orig. one in which the attacking
soldiers wore shirts over their armour, that they might recognize one
another. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 297; Gascoigne, Jocasta, Act ii, sc. 2,
l. 56. Span. <span class='it'>camiçada</span>, ‘a camisado, assault’ (Minsheu). <span class='it'>Camiça</span>, <span class='it'>camisa</span>,
‘a shirt’, id. Late L. <span class='it'>camisia</span>, a shirt (Jerome). See NED. (s.v.
Chemise).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cammock'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cammock, camocke,</span></span> a crooked tree; esp. one that is artificially
bent. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 46, 408; Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 579, col. 2.
ME. <span class='it'>cambok</span>, ‘pedum’ (Voc. 666. 27); Med. L. <span class='it'>cambuca</span>, ‘baculus incurvatus’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>camois</span>(<span class='bold'>e.</span></span> Of the nose: low and concave; ‘a Camoise nose, crooked
upwarde as the Morians’, Baret, Alvearie; ‘Camously croked’, Skelton,
El. Rummyng, 28; <span class='it'>camused</span>, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel).
F. <span class='it'>camus</span>, having a short and flat nose (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>camomile;</span></span> said to grow the more, when the more trodden upon.
1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 441; Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Mis. Carol).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>camouccio,</span></span> a term of reproach. B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour,
v. 3 (Sogliardo); spelt <span class='it'>camooch</span>, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable (Lazarillo).
Perhaps Ital. <span class='it'>camoscio</span>, the chamois.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>can,</span></span> a wooden measure for liquor. Phr. <span class='it'>burning of cans</span>, branding
measures, to show that they were of legal capacity; B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Can,</span></span> a lord, prince; ‘A great Emperor in Tartary whom they call
Can’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11; p. 106. See Dict. (s.v.
Khan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>can,</span></span> <span class='it'>pres. indic.</span>, know; ‘Unlearned men that can no letters’, Foxe,
Martyrs (ed. 1684, ii. 325); ‘Can you a remedy for the tysyke?’ Skelton,
Magnyf. 561; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). ME. ‘I can
a noble tale’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3126). See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='can3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>can,</span></span> used as an auxiliary of the past tense; ‘Tho can she weepe’,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 50; ‘He can her fairely greet’, id. i. 4. 46. ME. very
common in Cursor M.; e.g. ‘Moses fourti dais can (v.r. gan) þer-on duell’,
6462. See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canaglia,</span></span> canaille, rabble. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital.
<span class='it'>canaglia</span>, ‘base and rascally-people, only fit for dogs company’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canary,</span></span> a quick and lively dance. All’s Well, ii. 1. 77; pl. <span class='it'>canaries</span>,
Middleton, Women beware, iii. 2 (Ward); to dance, L. L. L. iii. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canceleer, cancelier,</span></span> a hawking term. A hawk <span class='it'>canceleers</span> when, in
stooping, she turns two or three times upon the wing, to recover herself
before she seizes the prey. Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a turn
or two in the air, Drayton, Pol. xx. 229. OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>canceler</span> (F. <span class='it'>chanceler</span>),
to swerve, waver.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>candle:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to hold a candle to the devil</span>, to assist an evil person, to
persevere in evil courses. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 316 (Orgalio, p. 93,
col. 1). Cp. the Gloucestersh. saying, ‘To offer a candle to the devil’,
see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 2 (5)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>candles’ ends,</span></span> bits of lighted candle swallowed as flapdragons; see
<span class='bold'><a href='#flapdragon'>flapdragon</a>.</span> Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, ii. 2. 24; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 267.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>candle-waster,</span></span> one who sits up late, and so wastes candles; a
student, or a rake. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Much
Ado, v. 1. A Somerset expression, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 1 (22)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cane'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cane,</span></span> a ‘khan’, an Eastern inn. G. Sandys, Trav. p. 57. See Stanford
(s.v. Khan). Arab, <span class='it'>khān</span>, a building (unfurnished) for the accommodation
of travellers (Dozy, Glossaire, 83). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hane'>hane</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canicular,</span></span> due to the dog-star. <span class='it'>Canicular aspect</span>, influence of the dog-star,
excessive heat, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 3 (2083); p. 144, col. 1.
‘Of the canicular or dog-days’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors; bk. iv,
ch. 13. L. <span class='it'>canicula</span>, dog-star (Horace).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='canion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canion,</span></span> an ornamental roll laid in a set like sausages round the ends
of the legs of breeches; ‘French hose .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. with <span class='it'>Canions</span> annexed reaching
down beneath their knees’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (see Furnivall, 56).
‘<span class='it'>Chausses à queue de merlus</span>, round breeches with strait cannions’, Cotgrave.
Span. <span class='it'>cañon</span>, a tube, pipe, gun-barrel.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canker,</span></span> a caterpillar, a canker-worm. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 3; Milton,
Lycidas, 45. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Canker, sb.<sup>2</sup> 6). ME.
<span class='it'>cankyr</span>, ‘teredo’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canker,</span></span> the dog-rose. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 176. Cp. the prov. words
<span class='it'>canker-ball</span>, the mossy excrescence on a wild rose-bush, <span class='it'>canker-bell</span>, the bud
of a wild rose, <span class='it'>canker-berry</span>, the ‘hip’ of a wild rose, <span class='it'>canker-rose</span>, ‘Rosa
canina’, the wild rose (EDD).).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cankered,</span></span> ill-tempered. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 3; King John, ii. 1.
194. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cannakin,</span></span> a small can; ‘Let me the cannakin clinke’, Othello, ii. 3. 71.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cannel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cannel:</span></span> <span class='it'>Cannel bone</span>; ‘The neck-bone or windpipe’, Phillips, Dict.;
Golding, tr. Metam. 284; the collar-bone, Holland, Plutarch’s Mor. 409;
spelt <span class='it'>canell</span>: <span class='it'>canell of the necke</span> (?), the nape of the neck, Caxton, Hist.
Troye, leaf 348. 10. Cp. <span class='it'>cannell-bone</span> (Lancash.), and <span class='it'>channel-bone</span> (Somerset)
in prov. use for the collar-bone (EDD.). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>canel</span>, a channel;
F. <span class='it'>canneau du col</span>, ‘the nape of the neck’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canon-bitt,</span></span> a smooth round bit for horses. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37;
‘<span class='it'>Canon</span>, a canon-bitt for a horse’, Cotgrave. O. Prov. <span class='it'>canon</span>, a tube (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canstick,</span></span> a candlestick. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 131. Still in use in Berks.
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cant,</span></span> a corner, a niche; ‘Irene or Peace, she was placed aloft in
a cant’, B. Jonson, James I’s Entertainment (1603); Warner, Monuments
of Honour (ed. Dyce, 369) See EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1). Norm. F. <span class='it'>cant</span>,
‘angle’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cant,</span></span> a piece, portion. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 45. A Kentish term, see
EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb<sup>4</sup> 2). Cp. M. Du. <span class='it'>kant</span> (Verdam).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canted,</span></span> tilted up, thrown up. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, iii.
211. See EDD. (s.v. Cant, vb.<sup>3</sup> 9 (1)). E. Fris. <span class='it'>kanten</span>, ‘etwas auf die Seite
legen’ (Koolman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canter,</span></span> one who <span class='it'>cants</span>, a vagrant. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1
(P. Can.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantharides,</span></span> a kind of flies; Spanish flies; sometimes Aphides.
Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, viii. 54. Used as a stimulant, Beaumont
and Fl., Philaster, iv. 1 (Cleremont). L. <span class='it'>cantharides</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>cantharis</span>;
Gk. κανθαρίς, blister-fly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canting out,</span></span> singing out, in a beggar’s whine; ‘ ’Tis easier <span class='it'>canting
out</span>, “A piece of broken bread for a poor man”, than singing “Brooms,
maids, brooms: come, buy my brooms”,’ The London Chanticleers,
scene 1 (Heath).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantle,</span></span> a part, portion; ‘<span class='it'>Liron de pain</span>, a cantle of bread’, Cotgrave;
‘A cantel <span class='it'>pars, portio</span>’, Levins. Manipulus. ME. <span class='it'>cantel</span>, ‘minutal’ (Prompt.
EETS., see note, no. 324). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>cantel</span> = F. <span class='it'>chanteau</span>, ‘a corner-piece
or piece broken off from the corner, hence, a cantel of bread’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantle,</span></span> to portion out, Dekker, Whore of Babylon, i. 1. 9; Dryden,
Juvenal’s Satire, vii.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantore,</span></span> counting-house, office; ‘A Dutchman’s money i’ th’ <span class='it'>Cantore</span>’,
Butler, Abuse of human learning (Remains i. 211). Du. <span class='it'>kantoor</span>, F. <span class='it'>comptoir</span>,
a counter.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantred,</span></span> a hundred; a district containing 100 townships. Spenser,
View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 676, col. 1. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 398.
Wel. <span class='it'>cantref</span>, a cantred; <span class='it'>cant</span>, a hundred + <span class='it'>tref</span>, a town. See Ducange (s.v.
Cantredus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canvas:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to receive the canvas</span>, to get the sack; i.e. to be dismissed.
Shirley, The Brothers, ii. 1 (Luys); <span class='it'>give the canvas</span>, to dismiss, Hyde
Park, i. 1 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canvasado,</span></span> a night attack by soldiers. Merry Devil, i. 1. 44. App.
a perverted form of <span class='bold'><a href='#camisado'>camisado</a>,</span> q.v.; due to confusion with <span class='it'>canvass</span>, vb.,
to knock about, to assault (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cap,</span></span> to arrest. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host).
From. L. <span class='it'>capias</span>, the name of a writ; <span class='it'>writ of capias</span>, a writ of arrest.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cap a-huff, to set,</span></span> to cock one’s cap or hat, to put on a swaggering
appearance. Greene, James IV, iv. 4. 13. See <span class='bold'><a href='#huffecap'>huff-cap</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cap of maintenance,</span></span> a kind of hat or cap worn as a symbol of official
dignity, or carried before a sovereign or a high dignitary in processions.
In the 17th cent. and later it is mentioned chiefly as borne, together
with the sword, before the Lord Mayor, and before the Sovereign at his
coronation. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1; A Woman never vext, i. 1
(Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Maintenance).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capadochio,</span></span> a prison. Puritan Widow, i. 3. 56; ‘in <span class='it'>Caperdochy</span>, i’ tha
gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72; spelt <span class='it'>Capperdochy</span>, id. p. 86. App.
for <span class='it'>Cappadocia</span> (a bit of university slang).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cap-case,</span></span> a bandbox, cover, basket. Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 4
(De F.); a small travelling-bag, Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 3 (Philogano).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caper,</span></span> a privateer, cruiser. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin).
Du. <span class='it'>kaper</span>, a privateer (Sewel, ed. 1766).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capilotade,</span></span> a kind of hash, or mixed dish; hence, a hash, a made-up
story. ‘What a capilotade of a story’s here!’ Vanbrugh, The Confederacy,
iii. 2 (Flippanta). F. <span class='it'>capilotade</span>, ‘a capilotadoe, or stued meat’, &amp;c. (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capnomanster,</span></span> one who divines from the way in which smoke rises
from an altar. For <span class='it'>capnomancer</span>, Birth of Merlin, iv. 1. 62. From <span class='it'>capnomancy</span>,
divination by smoke. Gk. καπνομαντεία.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capocchia,</span></span> a simpleton. In Tr. and Cr. iv. 2. 33. Fem. of Ital.
<span class='it'>capocchio</span>, ‘a doult, a noddie’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capot,</span></span> in the game of piquet, the winning of all the tricks by one
player, which scores 40. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, ii. 2 (Wildair); to
win all the tricks at the game of piquet against another; ‘I have <span class='it'>capotted</span>
her’, id. i. 1 (Fireball). F. <span class='it'>faire capot</span> (Dict. de l’Acad., ed. 1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cappadocian.</span></span> In Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 1, Eyre, who had
come to be Lord Mayor of London, says that he had promised ‘the mad
<span class='it'>Cappadocians</span>’, who had been his fellow-apprentices, that he would feast
them if he ever attained to that dignity. I think it is evidently a jocose
expression for <span class='it'>mad-caps</span>, with a punning reference to the <span class='it'>cap</span>, i.e. the
<span class='it'>flat-cap</span>, which was the special headgear of the London apprentice, and to
which frequent references are made. Just below he varies it to ‘my fine
dapper Assyrian lads’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caprich,</span></span> a freak, a whim, fancy, sudden giddy thought. Butler, Hadibras,
ii. 1. 18; printed <span class='it'>capruch</span>, Shirley, Example, ii. 1 (Vainman). Ital.
<span class='it'>capriccio</span>, ‘a sudden fear apprehended, making one’s hair to stand on end’
(Florio); lit. the bristling of the head (<span class='it'>capo</span> + <span class='it'>riccio</span>); see note on ‘Caprice’,
by A. L. Mayhew, in Mod. Lang. Rev., July, 1912.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capricious,</span></span> witty. As You Like It, iii. 3. 8; Heywood, The Fair
Maid, iii. 2 (Roughman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capte,</span></span> capacity. Only in Udall: tr. of Apoph., Preface, p. vi (1877);
fol. 23, back (1542); id. Cicero, § 45.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capuccio,</span></span> a hood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 10. Ital. <span class='it'>capuccio</span>, a cowl.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carabin</span>(<span class='bold'>e, carbine,</span></span> a mounted musketeer. Beaumont and Fl., Wit
without Money, v. 1 (Merchant). F. <span class='it'>carabin</span>, ‘cavalier qui porte une carabine’
(Dict. de l’Acad.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='caract1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caract,</span></span> worth, value. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum., iii. 3. 23 (Kitely);
Volpone, i. 1 (Corvino); Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caract, carect,</span></span> a mark, sign, character. Meas. for M. v. 1. 56; <span class='it'>holy
Carects</span>, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Golding, De Mornay, iii. 37. ME. <span class='it'>carect</span>
(Wyclif, Apoc. xx. 4). Prov. <span class='it'>caracta</span>, ‘marque, caractère’ (Levy). Norm. F.
<span class='it'>caractes</span>, pl. caractères magiques (Moisy). L. <span class='it'>caracter</span> (Vulg., Apoc. xx. 4),
Gk. χαρακτήρ.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caravan</span></span> (Cant), an object inviting plunder; hence, a dupe, one easily
cheated. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1; iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='caravel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caravel, carvel,</span></span> a kind of light ship. Eden, Three Books on America
(ed. Arber, p. 45). Spelt <span class='it'>carvel</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money,
i. 2. 15. F. <span class='it'>caravelle</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>caravella</span>, Port. <span class='it'>caravéla</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carbonado,</span></span> a piece of flesh scored across and grilled upon coals. Marlowe,
1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. 47; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 199; Lyly, Sapho, ii. 3.
175; to make a ‘carbonado’ of, King Lear, ii. 2. 42. Span. <span class='it'>carbonada</span>,
‘a carbonado on the coles’ (Minsheu).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carcanet,</span></span> a collar or necklace of jewels. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 4;
‘Captain jewels in the carcanet’, Sonnet 52. 8. Cp. F. <span class='it'>carcan</span>, ‘une
espèce de chaîne ou de collier de pierreries’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='card1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>card,</span></span> a chart; esp. the circular card on which the points of the compass
were marked. Macbeth, i. 3. 17; Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iii. 2 (Archas).
<span class='it'>To speak by the card</span>, i.e. with the precision shown by such a card, Hamlet,
v. 1. 149. ‘Climes that took up the greatest part o’ th’ card’, i.e. of the
map, Heywood, If you know not me (Medina), vol. i. p. 334.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>card,</span></span> to play at cards. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers, ed. Arber,
p. 25. <span class='it'>To card a rest</span>, to set up a rest, at the game of primero (see <span class='bold'><a href='#rest2'>rest</a></span>),
Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 32.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cardecu'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cardecu,</span></span> an old silver coin, a quarter of a crown. All’s Well, iv. 3. 314;
v. 2. 35. F. <span class='it'>quart d’écu</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carduus benedictus,</span></span> the Blessed Thistle, noted for its medicinal
properties. Much Ado, iii. 4. 72; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2
(Galatea). See Sin. Barth. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>care:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take care for</span>, to give attention to. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Kings xxii, and
Esther vi (contents).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carect, carrect,</span></span> a carrack, a ship of burden. ‘Carects or hulks’,
North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 36 (in Shak. Plut., p. 213, n. 3);
<span class='it'>carrects</span>, pl., Com. Errors, iii. 2. 140. Med. L. <span class='it'>carraca</span>, see Ducange, and
Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Caraca).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>careful,</span></span> anxious, solicitous. Titus And. iv. 4. 84; Milton, P. L. iv.
983; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Dan. iii. 16. ME. <span class='it'>careful</span>, full of care, sorrowful (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1565).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carfe,</span></span> an incision, cut. Golding, Metam. viii. 762; fol. 104, bk. (1603)
‘Carf’ is in prov. use for the incision or notch made by a saw or axe in
felling timber (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cargazon,</span></span> a cargo; ‘A cargazon of complements’, Howell, Foreign
Travell, sect. xv, p. 67. Also, a list of goods shipped; Hakluyt, vol. ii, pt. 1,
p. 217. Span. <span class='it'>cargazon</span>, cargo.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cargo,</span></span> used as an exclamation. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage,
iv (Butler); Tomkis, Epil. to Albumazar. In both cases the context refers
to great riches.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cark</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> anxiety, grief. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 44; Massinger, Roman
Actor, ii. 1 (Paris); ‘<span class='it'>Esmoy</span>, cark, care, thought, sorrow, heaviness’, Cotgrave;
Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north country; gen. in
phr. <span class='it'>cark and care</span> (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>cark</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, anxiety (Gamelyn, 760). Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>cark</span> (<span class='it'>kark</span>), charge, load (Rough List). The Norman and Picard form of
Central F. <span class='it'>charge</span>. See Dict. <span class='it'>Cark</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, to be anxious; ‘I carke, I care, I take
thought’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 15; Robinson, tr. More’s
Utopia, 107.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='carl1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carl,</span></span> a countryman, a churl. Cymb. v. 2. 4; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54.
Icel. <span class='it'>karl</span>, a man, also, one of the common folk; opposed to <span class='it'>jarl</span>, as OE.
<span class='it'>ceorl</span> to <span class='it'>eorl</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carl,</span></span> to act as a carl or churl, to snarl. Return from Parnassus, last
scene (Furor). The verb is given as a north Yorksh. word in EDD. (s.v.
Carl, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carlot,</span></span> a peasant. As You Like It, iii. 5. 108.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carnadine,</span></span> a carnation-coloured stuff. Middleton, Anything for a
Quiet Life, ii. 2. 4. Ital. <span class='it'>carnadino</span>, a flesh-colour (Florio); <span class='it'>carne</span>, flesh.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carnifex,</span></span> a hangman; hence, a scoundrel. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel,
iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). L. <span class='it'>carnifex</span>, an executioner.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caroche,</span></span> a luxurious kind of carriage. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce,
p. 6); Duchess of Malfi, iv. 2; Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Leonora). F. <span class='it'>carroche</span>
(Cotgr.). Ital. <span class='it'>carroccio</span>, a carriage, a ‘caroche’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carosse,</span></span> a carriage. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. i (D’Escures).
F. <span class='it'>carosse</span> (Cotgr.); Med. F. <span class='it'>carrosse</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carpell.</span></span> Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 401, col. 1. Sense unknown.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carpet,</span></span> a table-cloth, a table-cover. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2
(Truewit); Staple of News, i. 2. 2; ‘a carpet to cover the table’, Heywood,
A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Jenkin); ‘carpets for their tables’, Heylin, Hist.
of the Reformation, To the Reader. It was in this sense that a matter was
said to be ‘on the carpet’ (i.e. of the council-table). See Trench, Select
Glossary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carpet-knight,</span></span> a contemptuous term for a knight whose achievements
belong rather to the carpet (the lady’s boudoir) than to the field of
battle; ‘<span class='it'>Mignon de couchette</span>, a Carpet-knight, one that ever loves to be
in women’s chambers’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, i. 1
(Alberto). There was once an order of Knights of the Carpet, so called
to distinguish them from knights that are dubbed for service in the field.
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carriage,</span></span> that which is carried, baggage. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Sam. xvii. 22;
Acts xxi. 15; ‘Carriages of an army are termed <span class='it'>impedimenta</span>’, Fuller,
Worthies of England, Norfolk; manner of carrying one’s body, bodily
deportment, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 472; demeanour, behaviour, Com. Errors,
iii. 2. 14; moral conduct, Timon, iii. 2. 89; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage,
i. 1 (Sanchio); Island Princess, ii. 6. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carricado,</span></span> a movement in fencing. Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler);
Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 57. See NED. (s.v. Caricado).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carvel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#caravel'>caravel</a></span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carwitchet, carwhitchet,</span></span> a pun, quibble, conundrum. B. Jonson,
Barth. Fair, v. 1 (Leath.); Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Morello). See
NED. (s.v. Carriwitchet), and Nares (s.v. Carwhichet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>case,</span></span> a pair; ‘This case of rapiers’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (description
of <span class='it'>Wrath</span>); ‘A case (pair) of matrons’, B. Jonson, Case is altered,
ii. 3. 1; ‘a case of pistols’, Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 (Rogers); ‘two case
of jewels’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 46).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>case,</span></span> to skin. All’s Well, iii. 6. 111; ‘A cased rabbit’, Dryden, Span.
Friar, v. 2 (Gomez); Vanbrugh, Provok’d Wife, iv. 1 (Taylor). Still in use
in the north and the W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Case, sb.<sup>1</sup> 6).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>casible,</span></span> a chasuble. Middleton, A Game at Chess, i. 1 (Blk. Knt.’s
Pawn). Med. Lat. <span class='it'>casibula</span> (Ducange, s.v. Casula).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caskanet,</span></span> a word common in the 17th cent., used sometimes in the
sense of a necklace set with jewels (or <span class='it'>carcanet</span>), sometimes in the sense of
a <span class='it'>casket</span>. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Jolenta); Lingua, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, ix. 426. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cass'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cass,</span></span> to cashier, dismiss; ‘<span class='it'>Malandrin</span>, a cassed soldier’, Cotgrave. The
pp. was confused with <span class='it'>cast</span>, and so spelt. ‘Pontius, you are cast’, Beaumont
and Fl., Valentinian, ii. 3 (Aëcius). F. <span class='it'>casser</span>, ‘to break, to casse,
casseere, discharge, turn out of service’ (Cotgr.). Prov. <span class='it'>casar</span>, ‘casser,
briser’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cassan, casson,</span></span> cheese. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 83. <span class='it'>Casson</span>,
Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>kaas</span>, a cheese.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cassock,</span></span> a soldier’s cloak or long coat. All’s Well, iv. 3. 191; B.
Jonson, Every Man, ii (near the end). The military use is the original;
so F. <span class='it'>casaque</span>, Span. and Port. <span class='it'>casaca</span>, and Ital. <span class='it'>casacca</span>. Cp. MHG. <span class='it'>casagân</span>,
a horseman’s coat (Schade). Probably of Persian origin (through the
Arabic), see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cast,</span></span> for <span class='it'>cassed</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#cass'>cass</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caster,</span></span> one who casts dice, in gaming. The <span class='it'>setter</span> is one who <span class='it'>sets</span>, or
proposes, the amount of the stake against him. If the setter wants to propose
a very high stake, he says—<span class='it'>ware the caster!</span> i.e. let him beware. The
caster usually says <span class='it'>at all!</span> i.e. I cast against all setters; but he may limit
the amount of the stake. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Tradewell).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caster,</span></span> a cant term for a cloak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song);
Harman, Caveat, p. 82.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>casting,</span></span> anything given to a hawk to cleanse and purge her gorge.
Massinger, Picture, iv. 1 (Ubaldo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>casting-bottle,</span></span> a bottle for sprinkling perfumes. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Livia). So also
<span class='it'>casting-glass</span>, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Macilente).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>castrel,</span></span> a kestrel, a base kind of hawk. Fletcher, The Pilgrim, i. 1
(Alphonso); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). F. <span class='it'>cercerelle</span>, a kestrel
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cat,</span></span> in military phrase; a lofty work used in fortifications and sieges.
B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter); Shirley, Honoria, i. 2. This
military work was also called a <span class='bold'><a href='#cavalier'>cavalier</a>,</span> q.v. See NED. (s.v. Cat, sb.<sup>1</sup> 6 b).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Cataian'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cataian,</span></span> a <span class='it'>Cathaian</span>, an inhabitant of Cathay; hence a thief, a scoundrel;
because the Chinese were thought to be clever thieves, Merry Wives,
ii. 1. 148; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cataphract,</span></span> a horse-soldier, protected (as well as his horse) with a
coat-of-mail. Milton, Samson, 1619. Gk. κατάφρακτος, one completely
protected.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catasta,</span></span> a jocose term for the stocks. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 259. L.
<span class='it'>catasta</span>, a stage on which slaves were exposed for sale; Med. L. <span class='it'>catasta</span>, an
engine of torture (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catastrophe,</span></span> conclusion; (humorously) the posteriors. L. L. L. iv.
1. 77; (2) 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 66; Merry Devil, ii. 1. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Catazaner,</span></span> only in Shirley, Ball, v. 1 (Freshwater). Perhaps a
misprint for <span class='it'>Catayaner</span> = <span class='bold'><a href='#Cataian'>Cataian</a>,</span> q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cater,</span></span> a caterer, purveyor, buyer of provisions. Massinger, City Madam,
ii. 1 (Luke); Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 26. ME. <span class='it'>catour</span> (Gamelyn, 321), for
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>acatour</span>, a buyer. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cater-tray,</span></span> lit. ‘four-three’; alluding to the four and three on opposite
faces of a die. Hence <span class='it'>stop-cater-tray</span>, the name of a false or loaded die.
Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. 1 (Dique). See <span class='bold'>quatre.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Catherine pear,</span></span> a small and early variety of pear. Suckling, Ballad
on Wedding. <span class='it'>Catherine-pear-coloured</span>, of a light red colour, used of a lady’s
complexion, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime). [Cp. Crabbe, Tales of the
Hall, ‘ ’Twas not the lighter red, that partly streaks The Catherine pear
that brighten’d o’er her cheeks’ (x. 599).]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catlings,</span></span> catgut strings for a violin. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 306.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catso,</span></span> a rogue, a scamp. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, ii. 1
(Carlo); also as interj., ‘Cat-so! let us drink’, Motteux, Rabelais, v. 8
(NED.). Ital. <span class='it'>cazzo</span>, an interjection of admiration, as some women cry
suddenly (Florio); <span class='it'>cazzo</span>, ‘membrum virile’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catstick,</span></span> a stick or bat used in playing tip-cat or trap-ball. Massinger,
Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); Middleton, Women beware Women, i.
2 (Ward).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catzerie,</span></span> roguery. Only in Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cauled,</span></span> having or adorned with a caul or close-fitting cap; ‘My cauled
countenance’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 327.
ME., P. Plowman, C. xvii. 351.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>causen,</span></span> to give reasons. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 26. Med. L. <span class='it'>causare</span>.
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cautel</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> wariness, caution. Elyot, Governour, i. 4; a crafty device,
trickery, Hamlet, i. 3. 15. OF. <span class='it'>cautele</span>, L. <span class='it'>cautela</span> (in Roman Law) precaution.
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cautele</span>, deceit (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cautelous,</span></span> cautious, wary. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Wit.);
Spenser, View of Ireland (Globe ed. 619); crafty, wily, Coriolanus, iv. 1. 33.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cavalier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cavalier</span>(<span class='bold'>o.</span></span> Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, ii. 4. 83; iii. 2. 81. Span.
<span class='it'>cavalléro</span>, ‘in Fortification, a Cavalier, or Mount, which is an Elevation of
Earth with a platform for Canon on it, to overlook other Works’ (Stevens,
1706); cp. Ital. <span class='it'>cavagliére a cavállo</span> (Florio). F. <span class='it'>cavalier</span>, ‘se dit d’une pièce
de fortification de terre fort élevée, &amp; où l’on met du canon’ (Dict. de
l’Acad., ed. 1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cavallerie,</span></span> an order of chivalry; ‘The knighthood and cavallerie of
Rome’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 460; the collective name for horse-soldiers,
Bacon, Hen. VII, 74; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 3 (Gonzaga). F.
<span class='it'>cavallerie</span>, ‘horsemanship; horsemen’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cavell,</span></span> a mean fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2217; Lyndesay,
Satyre, 2863. See Jamieson.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caveson,</span></span> a strong nose-piece for a horse, a kind of curb; ‘The
Lithuanians, sir, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. must Be rid with <span class='it'>cavesons</span>’, Sir J. Suckling, Brennoralt,
iii. 1; ed. Hazlitt, vol. ii, p. 104. F. <span class='it'>caveçon</span>, ‘a cavechine or
cavasson for a horse’s nose’ (Cotgr.). Ital. <span class='it'>cavezzone</span>, augmentative of
<span class='it'>cavezza</span> a halter; Med. L. <span class='it'>capitia</span>, <span class='it'>capitium</span>, a head-covering (Ducange). See
NED. (s.v. <span class='it'>cavesson</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cazimi, cazini:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>in cazimi</span>, ‘a Planet is in the heart of the
Sunne, or in Cazimi, when he is not removed from him 17 minutes’,
Lilly, Astrology, xix. 113; ‘In cazini of the sun’, Massinger, City Madam,
ii. 2 (Stargaze); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 6; Selden’s notes to Drayton,
Pol. xiv (near the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cecchin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cecchin,</span></span> a sequin, gold coin. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2. Ital.
<span class='it'>zecchino</span>, ‘a coin of gold current in Venice’ (Florio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#chequin'>chequin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cedule,</span></span> a slip or scroll of parchment or paper containing writing.
Caxton, Golden Legend, 114; spelt <span class='it'>cedle</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 421, back, 5,
bk. xxi, ch. 2; spelt <span class='it'>sedyl</span> (same page). OF. <span class='it'>cedule</span>; Med. Lat. <span class='it'>cedula</span>, <span class='it'>scedula</span>
(Ducange), dimin. of <span class='it'>sceda</span>, <span class='it'>scheda</span>. See NED. (s.v. Schedule).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cee,</span></span> a small portion of beer; marked in the buttery-book of a college
with the letter <span class='it'>c</span>, which denoted one-sixteenth of a penny, or half a <span class='it'>cue</span>,
as being its price. ‘Eate <span class='it'>cues</span>, drunk <span class='it'>cees</span>’, 1 Part of Jeronimo, ii. 3. 9;
see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 367. ‘<span class='it'>Cues</span> and <span class='it'>cees</span>’, Earle, Microcosmographie,
§ 16, ed. Arber, p. 38. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cue'>cue</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cellar,</span></span> a case or stand for holding bottles. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady,
iii. 1 (last line).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cemitare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cemitare,</span></span> a ‘scimitar’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 3. F. <span class='it'>cimeterre</span> (Cotgr.),
Span. <span class='it'>cimitarra</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>censure,</span></span> judgement, opinion, Richard III, ii. 2. 144; to form or give an
opinion, to estimate, ‘How you are censured here in the city’, Coriolanus,
ii. 1. 25.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cent'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cent,</span></span> a game at cards; also spelt <span class='it'>saint</span>, <span class='it'>sant</span>; it seems to have resembled
piquet. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One; Triumph of Death, sc. 5
(Gentille); Shirley, Example, iii. 1 (Confident). So called, because 100
was ‘game’. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>centener,</span></span> a centurion. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (Shak.
Plut., p. 237, n. 2); <span class='it'>centiner</span>, id. § 3 (p. 235, n. 2). F. <span class='it'>centenier</span> (Cotgr.),
L. <span class='it'>centenarius</span>, consisting of a hundred; = centurio (Vegetius, fl. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 385).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cento,</span></span> a patched garment; ‘His apparel is a cento’, Shirley, Willy
Fair, ii. 2; used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘There is under these centoes and miserable outsides
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. a soule of the same alloy with our owne’, Sir T. Browne, Rel.
Medici, pt. 2, § 13. L. <span class='it'>cento</span>, a garment of patchwork.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>centre,</span></span> the centre of the earth, which was supposed to be also the
fixed centre of the universe; ‘The firm centre’, Webster, Appius, i. 3
(Mar. Claudius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>centrinel, centronel,</span></span> a sentinel. Young, Diana, 120 (NED.); Marlowe,
Dido, ii. 1. 323 (Venus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cerastes,</span></span> a horned snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. κεράστης.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ceration'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ceration,</span></span> a reducing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchem.
ii. 1 (Face). L. <span class='it'>cera</span>, wax.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cere,</span></span> to cover with wax, to shroud in a cere-cloth; ‘Then was the
bodye .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. embawmed and cered’, Hall, Hen. VIII, ann. 5. L. <span class='it'>cerare</span>, to
wax; <span class='it'>cera</span>, wax.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cere-cloth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cere-cloth,</span></span> the linen cloth dipped in melted wax to be used as a
shroud. Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 51; cp. <span class='it'>cerements</span>, Hamlet, i. 4. 48. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sear-cloth'>sear-cloth</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>certes,</span></span> certainly. Temp. iii. 3. 30; Com. Errors, iv. 4. 77. F. <span class='it'>certes</span>,
truly (Cotgr.), O. Prov. <span class='it'>certas</span> (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cestron,</span></span> a ‘cistern’. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 52.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cetywall,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#setwall'>setwall</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ch,</span></span> a form of <span class='it'>ich</span>, <span class='it'>utch</span>, southern form of the first personal pronoun <span class='it'>I.
Cha</span>, I have, More, Heresyes, iv (Works, 278); <span class='it'>chad</span>, I had, Udall, Roister
Doister, i. 3; <span class='it'>cham</span>, I am, Peele, Sir Clyom., Works, iii. 85; B. Jonson,
Tale of Tub, i. 1; <span class='it'>chave</span>, I have, Peele, Arr. Paris, i. 1 (Pan); <span class='it'>chee</span> (for
<span class='it'>ich</span>), I, London Prodigal, ii. 168; <span class='it'>I chid</span>, I should, ii. 1. 20; <span class='it'>chill</span>, I will,
King Lear, iv. 6. 239; <span class='it'>chud</span>, I would, ib. See NED. and EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chacon,</span></span> a slow Spanish dance, or its tune; ‘<span class='it'>Chacon</span>: Two Nymphs
and Triton sing’, Dryden, Albion, Act ii (end). F. <span class='it'>chaconne</span> (Hatzfeld);
Span. <span class='it'>chacona</span> (Neuman and B.).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chaflet,</span></span> (?) a small platform or stage; ‘He satte vpon a <span class='it'>chaflet</span> in
a chayer’ [chair], Morte Arthur, leaf 422, back, 2, bk. xxi, c. 3. Only
in this passage. Probably the same as OF. <span class='it'>chafault</span>, a temporary platform.
See NED. (s.v. Catafalque), and Dict. (s.v. Scaffold).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chaldrons,</span></span> entrails of a calf, &amp;c. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I. iii. 1
(Fustigo). Spelt <span class='it'>chawdron</span>, Macbeth, iv. 1. 33. Cp. dialect forms, <span class='it'>chauldron</span>,
Hertford, <span class='it'>chaudron</span>, Gloucester, <span class='it'>chawdon</span>, Leicester, see EDD. (s.v. Chawdon).
OF. <span class='it'>chaudun</span>, tripes (Roquefort); cp. G. <span class='it'>kaldaunen</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>challes,</span></span> jaws. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75; <span class='it'>chall-bones</span>, jaw-bones;
id. § 86. In common prov. use in England as far south as Bedford, see
EDD. (s.v. Chawl). ME. <span class='it'>chaul</span> (Wyclif, 1 Kings xvii. 35); OE. <span class='it'>ceafl</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cham,</span></span> khan. The <span class='it'>Great Cham</span>, the Great Khan; commonly applied to
the ruler of the Mongols and Tartars, and to the Emperor of China.
Much Ado, ii. 1. 277; Fletcher, The Chances, v. 3 (Don John). Turki
<span class='it'>khān</span>, lord, prince. See NED. (s.v. Cham, Khan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chamber,</span></span> a small cannon used to fire salutes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 57;
Massinger, Renegado, v. 8. See NED. (s.v. Chamber. 10 b).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chambering,</span></span> wanton behaviour in private places. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Romans
xiii. 13; Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, ii. 4 (Citizen). Cp. <span class='it'>chamberer</span>,
one of wanton habits, Othello, iii. 3. 265.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chamber-lie,</span></span> see <span class='bold'>lye.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chamelot,</span></span> a name originally applied to some beautiful and costly
eastern fabric, camlet. <span class='it'>Water Chamelot</span>, camlet with a wavy or watered
surface. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 45; Holland, Pliny, i. 228; Bacon, New
Atlantis (ed. 1650, p. 3). OF. <span class='it'>chamelot</span> (Littré).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chamfered,</span></span> furrowed, wrinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 23. OF.
<span class='it'>chanfraindre</span>, to chamfer, to furrow, also, to bevel an edge. Possibly for
<span class='it'>chant-fraindre</span>, which may = Med. L. <span class='it'>cantum frangere</span>, to break the edge or side.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>champian, champion,</span></span> the champaign, level open country, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>,
Deut. xi. 30; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 29; Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 173;
Gosson, School of Abuse, 29.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chandry, chandrie,</span></span> short for <span class='it'>chandlery</span>, the place where candles
were kept in a household; ‘Six torches from the chandry’, B. Jonson,
Masque of Augurs (Notch). OF. <span class='it'>chandel</span>(<span class='it'>l</span>)<span class='it'>erie</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>changeling,</span></span> a half-witted person. In Middleton’s play ‘The Changeling’,
the reference is to Antonio, who enters ‘disguised as an idiot’,
A. i, sc. 2. <span class='it'>To play the changeling</span>, to play the fool, Middleton, Anything
for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Mis. Knavesby). See EDD. (s.v. Change. 8).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chank,</span></span> to champ, to eat noisily. Golding, Metam. viii. 292 (fol. 97),
viii. 825 (fol. 105, back).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>channel,</span></span> the neck. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, 1. 3 (Calyphus). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#cannel'>cannel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>channel-bone,</span></span> the collar-bone, clavicle. Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 266;
Holinshed, Chron. iii. 805; Kyd, Soliman, i. 4. 55. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cannel'>cannel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='chapine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chapine,</span></span> a high-heeled shoe. Massinger, Renegado, i. 2 (Donusa);
Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song). See Stanford (s.v. Chopine).
Span. <span class='it'>chapin</span>, a woman’s high cork shoes (Minsheu). See <span class='bold'><a href='#choppine'>choppine</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>char, chare,</span></span> car, chariot. Surrey, A Complaint by Night, 4; Sackville,
Induction, st. 7. F. <span class='it'>char</span>, a chariot (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>character,</span></span> handwriting. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 6. 6; Meas. for M.
iv. 2. 208. F. <span class='it'>caractere</span>, a form of writing (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chare,</span></span> chary, careful. Golding, tr. Ovid, Met. xiv. 336 (ed. 1593);
dear, Golding, Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 134.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='chare2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chare, charre,</span></span> a turn of work, an odd job or business. Ant. and Cl.
iv. 15. 75; <span class='it'>Chare</span>, to do a turn of work, esp. in phr. (<span class='it'>This</span>) <span class='it'>char</span>(<span class='it'>re is char’d</span>,
this bit of business is done, Sir Thos. More, iii. 1. 118; Marriage of Wit
and Science, in Hazlitt’s Old Plays, ii. 375; Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce
392); ‘Here’s two chewres chewred’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 2
(Bobadilla). See EDD. (s.v. Chare, sb.<sup>1</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>cerr</span>, a turn, ‘temporis
spatium’ (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>charet</span>(<span class='bold'>t,</span></span> a car, chariot. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 32; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Exod. xiv. 6;
2 Kings ix. 16; <span class='it'>charettes</span>, carts, <span class='it'>Gascoigne</span>, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato).
F. <span class='it'>charette</span>, a chariot (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='charm1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>charm,</span></span> the blended sound of harmonious notes, as of music, children’s
voices or song-birds. Milton, P. L. iv. 642; Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1
(Pomona); Bunyan, The Holy War (Temple ed., 293); Udall, Erasmus
(ed. 1548, Luke ii, fol. xxxii a); <span class='it'>charme</span>, to make a melodious sound,
Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 13. ‘Charm’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and
southern counties in the sense of a confused murmuring sound of many
voices, of birds, bees, &amp;c.; see EDD. (s.v. Charm, sb.<sup>1</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#chirm'>chirm</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>charm,</span></span> to control, to silence, as if by a strong charm. Middleton,
A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Russell). Also, to induce to speak, as by a charm,
Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, ii. 1 (Rhetias).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>charneco, charnico,</span></span> a species of sweet wine. From a village so
called near Lisbon (Steevens). 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 63; <span class='it'>Charnico</span>, Puritan
Widow, iv. 3. 89; Heywood, Maid of West, iii (Wks. ed. 1874, ii. 301).
See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chartel,</span></span> a ‘cartel’, a written challenge. B. Jonson, i. 5 (or 4):
Bobadil. Span. <span class='it'>cartel</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>cartello</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>carta</span>, paper, letter.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chase,</span></span> a hunting-ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 137; Titus, ii. 3.
255; ‘The chase alwaie open and nothing at all inclosed’, Harrison,
Desc. England, ii. 19 (ed. Furnivall, 310). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>chace</span>, a hunting-ground,
a chase (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chatillionte,</span></span> delightful, amusing. Farquhar, Sir H. Wildair, iv. 2
(Lurewell). F. <span class='it'>chatouillant</span>, pr. pt. of <span class='it'>chatouiller</span>, to tickle, to provoke with
delight (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chauf,</span></span> to chafe, heat, vex. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2;
<span class='it'>chauffed</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 33. OF. <span class='it'>chaufer</span> (F. <span class='it'>chauffer</span>), to warm.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chave,</span></span> for <span class='it'>ich have</span>, I have. Peele, Araygnement of Paris, i. 1 (Pan).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#ch'>ch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='chawne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chawne,</span></span> a gap, fissure. Holland, Pliny, i. 37; to gape open, id. i.
435; to cause to gape open, to rive asunder, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 1
(Andrugio); ‘<span class='it'>Crevasser</span>, to chop, chawn .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. rive’, Cotgrave. ‘Chawn’ is
in prov. use in the Midlands for a crack in the ground caused by dry
weather, see EDD. (s.v. Chaum). See <span class='bold'><a href='#choane'>choane</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheasell,</span></span> gravel. Turbervile, Epitaph II. on Master Win, st. 5. Cp.
the Chesil Bank (Portland), Chiselhurst, Kent. ME. <span class='it'>chisel</span> or gravel,
‘arena, sabulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 82), OE. <span class='it'>ceosel</span>, <span class='it'>cysel</span>, gravel.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheat,</span></span> wheaten bread of the second quality. Chapman, Batrachom.,
3; Drayton, Polyolb. xvi, p. 959; <span class='it'>cheat bread</span>, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel,
iv. 1 (Chough); Eastward Hoe, v. 1 (Mrs. T.); <span class='it'>cheat loaf</span>, B. Jonson, Masque
of Augurs, vol. vi, p. 123; Corbet, Poetica Stromata (Nares). Bread of
the first quality was called <span class='it'>manchet</span>. See NED. (s.v. Cheat, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cheat2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheat</span></span> (Thieves’ Cant), used in general sense ‘thing’, gen. preceded by
some descriptive word. <span class='it'>The Cheate</span> (= <span class='it'>treyning cheate</span>), the gallows, Winter’s
Tale, iv. 3. 28; <span class='it'>cackling-cheate</span>, the domestic fowl, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush,
v. 1 (Prigg); <span class='it'>grunting cheate</span>, a pig (id.); <span class='it'>belly-cheat</span>, an apron, id. ii. 1
(Higgen). See NED. (s.v. Cheat, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3). See <span class='bold'><a href='#backcheat'>backcheat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheator,</span></span> a cheat. Esp. used of one who lived by cheating at dice;
Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Quadratus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>check</span></span> (in Hawking), a false stoop, when a hawk forsakes her proper
game, and pursues rooks, doves, &amp;c. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2
(Maria); <span class='it'>to fly at check</span>, Dryden, Ann. Mirab. st. 86; <span class='it'>check</span>, base game,
rooks, &amp;c, Drayton, Pol. xx. 217; Turbervile, Falconrie, 110.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>checked,</span></span> chequered, variegated. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 18; Greene,
Friar Bacon, i. 1. 83; spelt <span class='it'>chequed</span>, ‘The chequed, and purple-ringed
daffodillies’, B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>checker-approved,</span></span> approved by one who checks, a controller. Ford,
Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). See NED. (s.v. Checker, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>checklaton,</span></span> a cloth of rich material; ‘A Jacket, quilted richly rare
Upon checklaton’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 43. OF. <span class='it'>chiclaton</span>, also <span class='it'>ciclaton</span>
(Godefroy). The ME. form was <span class='it'>ciclatun</span> (<span class='it'>syklatoun</span>); see Juliana, 8, and
Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1924. See NED. (s.v. Ciclatoun).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chedreux,</span></span> a kind of perruque. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iii. 2 (Sir
Fopling); Oldham, tr. of Juvenal, Sat. iii. 191. From the maker’s name.
Also Shaddrew (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='chequin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chequin,</span></span> an Italian gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Pericles, iv. 2. 28 (<span class='it'>chickeens</span>
in ed. 1608); B. Jonson, Volpone, i (last speech but 8 of Volpone). See
Dict. (s.v. Sequin), and Stanford. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cecchin'>cecchin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cherry,</span></span> to cherish, cheer, delight. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 22. F. <span class='it'>chérir</span>,
to hold dear.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cherry-pit,</span></span> a children’s game, in which cherry-stones were thrown
into a pit or small hole. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 129; Witch of Edmonton,
iii. 1 (Cuddy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cheve1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheve,</span></span> to bring to an end, to finish; ‘I cheve, I bring to an ende, <span class='it'>Je
aschieve</span>’, Palsgrave. OF. <span class='it'>chever</span>, to finish (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheve, chive,</span></span> to befall, happen to. Phr. <span class='it'>foul cheeve him</span>, ill befall
him, Sir A. Cockain, Obstinate Lady, iii. 2; <span class='it'>foul chive him</span>, Beaumont and
Fl., Knight of the Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. Merry Thought).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheveril,</span></span> kid-leather; used allusively as a type of pliability. Twelfth
Nt. iii. i. 13; B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). ME. <span class='it'>cheverel</span>, ‘ledyr’
(Prompt.), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cheveril</span> (Rough List), deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>chevre</span>, a goat.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chevin, cheven,</span></span> the chub. Book of St. Albans, fol. F 7, back; Drayton,
Pol. xxvi. 244; ‘<span class='it'>Chevesne</span>, a chevin’, Cotgrave. ‘Cheven’ is a Yorks.
word for the chub (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>chevesne</span>; see Hatzfeld (s.v. Chevanne).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chevisaunce,</span></span> merchandise, gain (in a bad sense). Coverdale, Deut.
xxi. 14. ME. <span class='it'>chevisaunce</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1519). OF. <span class='it'>chevissance</span>, ‘pactum,
transactio, conventio’. Med. L. <span class='it'>chevisantia</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chevisaunce</span></span> (as used by Spenser and his imitators), enterprise,
achievement, expedition on horseback, chivalry, F. Q. ii. 9. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='che'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>che vor:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>che vor ye</span>. The meaning seems to be ‘I warrant you’,
King Lear, iv. 6. 246, but the relationship or etymology of the word <span class='it'>vor</span> has
not yet been discovered; nothing like it is known to exist in prov. use.
<span class='it'>Che vore ’un</span>, (?) I warrant him, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). <span class='it'>Cha
vore thee</span> is found in The Contention between Liberality and Prodigality, ii. 3
(Tenacity), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 345, ‘What will you give me? Cha
vore thee, son .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Chill give thee a vair piece of three half-pence’. (Here,
<span class='it'>cha vore thee</span> may be West dialect for ‘I have for thee.’)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chewet, chewit,</span></span> a chough, <span class='it'>fig.</span> a chatterer. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 29. F.
<span class='it'>chouette</span>, a chough, jackdaw (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chewet,</span></span> a dish of meat or fish, chopped fine and mixed with spices and
fruits. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Francisca).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chewre,</span></span> a turn of work; see <span class='bold'><a href='#chare2'>chare</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cheyney;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Philip2'>Philip</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='chiarlatan'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiarlatan,</span></span> a mountebank or Cheap Jack who descants volubly to a
<span class='it'>crowd</span>. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 971; <span class='it'>ciarlitani</span>, pl., B. Jonson, Volpone,
ii. 1 (Volpone, Speech, 3). Ital. <span class='it'>ciarlatano</span>, a babbler, mountebank, fr. <span class='it'>ciarlare</span>,
to babble; whence F. <span class='it'>charlatan</span>, ‘a pratling quack-salver’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiaus</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> a Turkish messenger, sergeant, or lictor. Massinger, Renegado,
iii. 4; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 2. 25. Turkish <span class='it'>chāush</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiause, chouse,</span></span> one easily cheated, a dupe, gull. Newcastle, The
Variety, in Dramatis Personae (‘A country Chiause’). [Cp. Johnson’s Dict.,
A <span class='it'>chouse</span>, a man fit to be cheated.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiause, chowse,</span></span> <span class='it'>v.</span>, to chouse, to cheat. ‘Chiaus’d by a scholar!’,
Shirley, Honoria, ii. 3 (Conquest); ‘And sows of sucking-pigs are <span class='it'>chowsed</span>’,
Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 114, also l. 1010.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chibbal,</span></span> a young onion with the green stalk attached, Fletcher, Bonduca,
i. 2 (Petillius); <span class='it'>chibal</span>, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (2 Gipsy).
‘Chibbal’ (‘chibble’) is in gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south-west
country, see EDD. (s.v. Chibbole). ME. <span class='it'>chibolle</span> (P. Plowman, B. vi. 296).
OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>chibole</span> (F. <span class='it'>ciboule</span>); L. <span class='it'>cepulla</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>cepa</span>, onion.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chibrit,</span></span> sulphur. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt <span class='it'>kibrit</span>
(NED.). Arab. <span class='it'>kibrīt</span>, sulphur; cp. Heb. <span class='it'>gophrīth</span>, Aramaic, <span class='it'>kubrīth</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiches,</span></span> chick-peas. B. Jonson, tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry (L. <span class='it'>ciceris</span>,
l. 249); spelt <span class='it'>chittes</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, iv. 10; Udall, Apoph.,
Diogenes, 47. F. <span class='it'>chiches</span>, ‘sheeps-cich-peason, chiches’ (Cotgr.); OF. <span class='it'>chiche</span>
(Roman. Rose, 6911).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiefrie,</span></span> the payment of rent or dues to an Irish chief. Spenser, View
of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 663).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chievance,</span></span> raising of money. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 64).
F. ‘<span class='it'>chevance</span>, wealth, substance, riches’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>child:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to be with child</span>, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, to be full of expectation.
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); also, to long after, desire
vehemently, id., Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Viola).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Child Rowland,</span></span> a young knight; with reference to a scrap of an old
ballad. King Lear, iii. 4. 187; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chilis,</span></span> a large vein. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2. 4 (where it is
equated to <span class='it'>vena cava</span>). Dyce’s note says—‘Out of the gibbosyte .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. of the
liuer there issueth a veyne called <span class='it'>concava</span> or <span class='it'>chilis</span>’, Traheron, Vigo’s
Workes of Chirurgerie, 1571, fol. ix. Gk. φλὲψ κοίλη, <span class='it'>vena cava</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chill;</span></span> as in <span class='it'>I chill</span>, for <span class='it'>Ich ’ill</span>, I will. ‘Tell you I <span class='it'>chyll</span>’, Skelton, El. Rummyng,
1. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ch'>ch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>china-house,</span></span> a china-shop. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chinchard,</span></span> a niggard, miser. Spelt <span class='it'>chyncherde</span>, Skelton, Magnyfycence,
2517. ME. <span class='it'>chinche</span>, a niggard (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2793); Norm. F. <span class='it'>chinche</span>,
‘mesquin avare’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chinclout,</span></span> a muffler covering the lower part of the face. Middleton,
A Mad World, iii. 3 (Follywit). Cp. <span class='it'>muffler</span> in Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chine,</span></span> to divide or break the back of. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 13. Beaumont
and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3. 6; ‘<span class='it'>Eschiner</span> (<span class='it'>échiner</span>), to chine,
to break the back of’, Cotgrave. In everyday use in Suffolk (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chink,</span></span> a bed-bug. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess). Also
spelt <span class='it'>chinch</span>. Span. <span class='it'>chinche</span>, a bug; L. <span class='it'>cimex</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chink,</span></span> a piece of money. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chire,</span></span> a slender blade of grass, a sprout. Spelt <span class='it'>chyer</span>, Drayton, Harmony,
Song Solomon, ch. ii, l. 3. ME. <span class='it'>chire</span>, ‘genimen’ (Cath. Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='chirm'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chirm,</span></span> a confused noise, the mingled din or noise of many birds or
voices. Spelt <span class='it'>chyrme</span>, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 5; <span class='it'>churm</span>, Bacon,
Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 170). See <span class='bold'><a href='#charm1'>charm</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chirr,</span></span> to chirp like a grasshopper; ‘The chirring grasshopper’, Herrick,
Oberon’s Feast, 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chitterling,</span></span> a frill, ruff; esp. the frill down the breast of a shirt. Like
Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 310; Gascoigne, Delic Diet Droonkardes
(NED.). For examples of prov. use see EDD. (s.v. 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chitterlings,</span></span> the smaller intestines of the pig, &amp;c., esp. when fried or
boiled. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Fustigo); Butler, Hudibras, i.
2. 120. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chitty-face,</span></span> one who has a thin pinched face; used as a term of contempt;
‘You half-fac’d groat, you thin-cheek’d chitty-face’, Munday, Downfall
of E. of Huntingdon, v. 1 (Jailer), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 188; Massinger,
Virgin Martyr, i. 2 (Spungius); ‘Chittiface, <span class='it'>puellulus</span>, <span class='it'>improbulus</span>’,
Coles, Dict. (1679); ‘A chittiface, proprie est facies parva et exigua’, Minsheu,
Ductor (1617). OF. <span class='it'>chiche-face</span> (<span class='it'>chiche-fache</span>), lean face (Godefroy). The
word occurs in Rabelais, i. 183 (ed. Jaunet). From this word comes the
perverted form <span class='it'>chichevache</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1188), the name of a fabulous
monster said to feed on patient wives.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chival,</span></span> a horse; ‘Upon the captive chivals’ (in captivis equis), Turbervile,
Ovid’s Ep., 148 b; Mucedorus, Induction, 29, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
vii. 204; but here <span class='it'>chival</span> may be for <span class='it'>’chieval</span>, <span class='it'>achieval</span>, achievement.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chive, cive,</span></span> a small kind of onion or garlic; ‘<span class='it'>Escurs</span>, the little sallad
herb called <span class='it'>Cives</span> or <span class='it'>Chives</span>’, Cotgrave. F. <span class='it'>cive</span> (North F. <span class='it'>chive</span>), onion; L.
<span class='it'>cepa</span>, onion.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chive;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cheve1'>cheve</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='choane'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>choane,</span></span> a cleft, rift, fissure; ‘<span class='it'>Fendasse</span>, a cleft, choane’, Cotgrave. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#chawne'>chawne</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>choke-pear,</span></span> a rough, harsh pear; also, something impossible to
swallow or get over. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 321); Mydas, iv. 3
(end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>choplogic,</span></span> a contentious, sophistical arguer. Awdelay, Fratern. of
Vacabondes, p. 15. Shortened to <span class='it'>choploge</span>; ‘Choploges or greate pratlers’,
Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Merygreek).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='choppine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>choppine,</span></span> a kind of shoe raised above the ground by means of a cork
sole or the like. Hamlet, ii. 2. 445; ‘<span class='it'>Pianelloni</span>, great pattins or choppins’,
Florio; ‘Corke shooes, chopines’, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Tissefew).
See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). See <span class='bold'><a href='#chapine'>chapine</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chreokopia,</span></span> a cancelling of debts, or of a part of a debt. Massinger,
Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. χρεωκοπία, a cutting off of debt.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Christ-cross'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Christ-cross, Chriss-cross, Crisscross,</span></span> a cross (<span style='font-size:larger'>✠</span>) placed at the
beginning of the alphabet in a horn-book. Hence, <span class='it'>Christcross-row</span>, the
alphabet, Two Angry Women, v. 1 (Mall); shortened to <span class='it'>cross-row</span>,
Richard III, i. 1. 55. A similar cross was sometimes used (instead of
XII) to mark noon on a clock or dial; hence ‘the Chrisse-crosse of
Noone’, Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 85; see Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Christ-tide,</span></span> Christmas. A term for Christmas, used by Puritans, to
avoid the use of the word <span class='it'>mass</span>. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Ananias)
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chrysopoeia,</span></span> the making of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).
Gk. χρυσοποιία.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chrysosperm,</span></span> seed of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Gk.
χρυσός, gold + σπέρμα, seed.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chuck,</span></span> darling; a term of endearment. Hen. V, iii. 2. 20; Macbeth,
iii. 2. 45; ‘His <span class='it'>chuck</span>, that is, his wife’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 68
(ed. Arber, p. 94). See EDD. (s.v. Chuck, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chuff,</span></span> a rustic, a clown. Generally applied opprobriously to any
person disliked, esp. a rude coarse fellow. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 93; a churlish
miser, Nashe, P. Pennilesse (NED.); Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 1
(Medina). In prov. use in the sense of surly, ill-tempered, see EDD.
(s.v. Chuff, adj.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>choffe</span> or <span class='it'>chuffe</span>, ‘rusticus’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>church-book,</span></span> (1) the Bible; (2) the parish register. Both senses are
quibbled upon; Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (1 Lawyer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ciarlitani;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#chiarlatan'>chiarlatan</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cibation,</span></span> a process in alchemy; lit. ‘a feeding’. B. Jonson, Alchem.
i. 1 (Dol). From L. <span class='it'>cibus</span>, food.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cinoper,</span></span> ‘cinnabar’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Cp. MHG.
<span class='it'>zinober</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cinque-pace,</span></span> a kind of lively dance. Much Ado, ii. 1. 77. F. <span class='it'>cinq
pas</span>, lit. five paces; Littré gives <span class='it'>cinq pas et trois visages</span> (five paces, three
faces) as the name of an old French dance.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cioppino'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cioppino,</span></span> a ‘chopine’. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Hedon).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#choppine'>choppine</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>circling:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>a circling boy</span>, i.e. a kind of <span class='it'>roarer</span>, one who circumvented
and cheated his dupes. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 2 (Edgworth). See
Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>circular,</span></span> going round-about, indirect. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel,
ii. 2 (Physician).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>circumstance,</span></span> detailed and circuitous narration; details, particulars;
‘Without circumstance’, i.e. without further details, Romeo, v. 3. 181;
ceremony, formality, ‘Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war’,
Othello, iii. 3. 355.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>citronise,</span></span> to bring to the colour of citron; a process in alchemy.
B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cittern-headed,</span></span> ugly; because the head of the cittern (a kind of
guitar) was often grotesquely carved to resemble a human head. Ford,
Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). The citterns were mostly found in barbers’
shops.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>city-wires</span></span> (?); ‘His cates .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Be fit for ladies: some for lords,
knights, ’squires; Some for your waiting-wench, and city-wires’, B. Jonson,
Epicoene (Prologue).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>civil,</span></span> sober, grave, not gay; said of colour. Romeo, iii. 2. 10; Fletcher,
Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Maria); ‘civil-suited Morn’, Milton, Il Pens.,
122.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='clack-dish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clack-dish,</span></span> a wooden dish with a lid, carried and clacked by beggars
as an appeal for contributions. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 2 (Gerardine).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#clapdish'>clapdish</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clad,</span></span> to clothe. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 4; Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce
p. 602.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cladder,</span></span> a man of loose and vicious manners. (Cant.) ‘<span class='it'>Cladders</span>?
Yes, catholic lovers’, Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Bright and Aurelia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clair-voyant,</span></span> clear-sighted, having good insight. <span class='it'>Clara voyant</span>, Buckingham,
The Rehearsal, iii. 1 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clamper up,</span></span> to gather up together hastily. Ascham, Toxophilus,
(ed. Arber, 83). [Sir W. Scott uses the expression ‘to <span class='it'>clamper up</span> a story’,
in a letter to Joanna Baillie (Feb. 10, 1822).]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clap,</span></span> a sudden stroke of misfortune; a touch of disrepute. B. Jonson,
Alchem. iv. 4. 3; <span class='it'>to catch a clap</span>, to meet with a mischance, Heywood,
Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 1 (Wise Woman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='clapdish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clapdish,</span></span> a wooden dish for alms with a cover that shut with a clapping
noise, used by lepers and other mendicants. Massinger, Parl. of
Love, ii. 2 (Leonora); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#clack-dish'>clack-dish</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clapper,</span></span> a rabbit-burrow. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 25; ‘As a cony .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
in his <span class='it'>claper</span>’, Fabyan, Chron. pt. vii, an. 1294-5 (p. 395). ‘<span class='it'>Clapier</span>, a
clapper of conies’, Cotgrave. A Dorset word for a rabbit-hole (EDD.).
O. Prov. <span class='it'>clapier</span>, ‘garenne privée’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clapperclaw,</span></span> to beat, to maul. Merry Wives, ii. 3. 67; Tr. and Cr. v.
4. 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, and in Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clapperdudgeon,</span></span> a cant name for a beggar; a term of reproach.
B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. sen.); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. i.
4; Greene, George-a-Greene (l. 909), ed. Dyce, p. 265, col. 1; Harman,
Caveat, p. 44. Cp. <span class='it'>clapper</span>, the lid of a beggar’s clap-dish; <span class='it'>dudgeon</span> was
the name of a kind of wood for making handles of knives, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clarissimo,</span></span> a grandee. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 6. A Span.
word, lit. most illustrious.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clary, clare,</span></span> a pot-herb, the <span class='it'>Salvia Sclarea</span>, supposed to be good for the
eyes, and so by pop. etym. often spelt <span class='it'>Cleare-eie</span>, <span class='it'>Clear-eye</span>; ‘Spirits of clare
to bathe our temples in’, Davenant, The Wits, v (Thwack); spelt <span class='it'>clary</span>,
‘Clary quasi Clear Eye’, W. Coles, Adam in Eden, xxiii. 47. See NED.
(s.v. Clary, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clary,</span></span> a sweet liquor made of wine, clarified honey, and spices. Congreve,
Way of World, iv. 5 (Mirabell); Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iii. 1
(Lord Rake). ME. <span class='it'>clarree</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1471). OF. <span class='it'>claré</span>, that which
is cleared or clarified, see NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>classhe.</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#closh'>closh</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>claw,</span></span> to stroke; hence, to flatter. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 186; Marston,
Antonio, Pt. II, i. 1 (Piero); Much Ado, i. 3. 18. Phr. <span class='it'>claw me, I’ll claw
thee</span>, ‘We saye, clawe me, clawe thee’, Tyndal, Expos. John (ed. 1537, 72),
see NED.; <span class='it'>to claw the back</span>, to flatter, Hall, Sat. i. prol. 11. ‘Claw’ means
to flatter in Leic. and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clawback,</span></span> one who strokes the back; a flatterer; ‘These flattering
clawbackes’, Latimer, 2 Sermon bef. King, p. 64; Mirror for Mag.,
Iago, st. 6; ‘<span class='it'>Blandisseur</span>, a flattering sycophant or clawback’, Cotgrave.
So in north Yorks. and Leic., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. 10 (b)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clear,</span></span> very drunk. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond
Senior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cleave the pin;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pin2'>pin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cleaze;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#clee'>clee</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='clee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clee,</span></span> a claw; ‘<span class='it'>Pied d’un cancre</span>, the clee or claw of a crab’, Cotgrave;
‘The clee of a bittor’, Turbervile, Falconrie, 349; <span class='it'>cleaze</span> pl., Phaer, tr.
Aeneid, viii. 209; Studley, Seneca’s Hercules, 206 b (NED.). See EDD.
(s.v. Clee). ME. <span class='it'>cle</span>, ‘ungula’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>clēa</span>. Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#cleye'>cleye</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cleeves,</span></span> cliffs; ‘Dover’s neighbouring cleeves’, Drayton, Pol. xviii;
Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 62. ME. <span class='it'>clefe</span> of an hyll, ‘declivum’ (Prompt.).
Due to OE. <span class='it'>cleofu</span>, the plural form, or to <span class='it'>cleofe</span>, the dat. of <span class='it'>clif</span>. ‘Cleeve’ is
very common in place-names in the west of England: Cleeve (Clyffe
Pypard) in Wilts.; Church Cleves in Dorset; Old Cleeve, Huish Cleeve,
Bitter Cleeve in Somerset.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clem,</span></span> to starve for want of food. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour,
iii. 1 (Shift); Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). To ‘clem’ (or to ‘clam’) is the
ordinary word for starving in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Clam, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). The lit. meaning of <span class='it'>clam</span> (<span class='it'>clem</span>) is ‘to pinch’, still used in
this sense in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Clam, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1. Cp. Dan.
<span class='it'>klemme</span>, Sw. <span class='it'>klämma</span>, to pinch.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='clench'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clench, clinch,</span></span> a pun. Dryden, Mac Flecknoe, 83; Prologue to
Tr. and Cr. (1679), 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clenchpoop,</span></span> a lout, a clown; a term of contempt. Warner, Albion’s
England; bk. vi, ch. xxxi, st. 22; <span class='it'>clinchpoop</span>, or <span class='it'>clenchpoop</span>, Three Ladies of
London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 256.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='clepe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clepe,</span></span> to call. L. L. L. v. 1. 24; Hamlet, i. 4. 19. The pp. is spelt <span class='it'>cleeped</span>
in Chapman, Gent. Usher, ii. 1 (Pogio); the usual form is the archaic
<span class='it'>y-clept</span>, spelt <span class='it'>y-clep’d</span> in Milton, L’Allegro, 12. OE. <span class='it'>clipian</span>, <span class='it'>cleopian</span>, to call;
pp. <span class='it'>ge-cleopod</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clergion,</span></span> a young songster, <span class='it'>fig.</span> of birds. Surrey, Description Restless
State, 22; Poems, 72; in Tottel’s Misc. 231. ME. <span class='it'>clergeon</span>, a chorister (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1693). F. <span class='it'>clergeon</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clergy,</span></span> clerkly skill, learning. Proverb, ‘An Ounce of Mother-Wit is
worth a Pound of Clergy (or Book-learning)’, see NED.; Middleton, Family
of Love, iii. 3 (Purge). The privilege of exemption from sentence which
might be pleaded by every one who could read; ‘Stand to your clergy,
uncle, save your life’, Munday, Death Huntington, i. 3, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
viii. 244. <span class='it'>Clergy of belly</span>, respite claimed by a pregnant woman. Butler,
Hudibras, iii. 1. 884. ME. <span class='it'>clergy</span>: ‘Lewdnesse of clergy, <span class='it'>illiteratura</span>’ (Prompt.
EETS., 261).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cleye'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cleye,</span></span> a claw. Marlowe, tr. Lucan, bk. i, l. 36 from end; B. Jonson,
Underwoods, Eupheme, ix. 18; ‘The cleyes of a lobster’, Skinner (1671).
‘Cley’ is an E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Clee). ME. <span class='it'>cley</span> of a beast,
‘ungula’ (Prompt. EETS., 85, see note, no. 383). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#clee'>clee</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clicket,</span></span> to be <span class='it'>maris appetens</span>, to copulate. Massinger, Picture, iii. 4
(Eubulus); Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius); Tusser,
Husbandry, § 77. 9. As a hunting term, it had reference to the fox and
the wolf; see Turbervile, Hunting, c. 66, p. 186; c. 75, p. 205.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cliffe,</span></span> a clef, key, in music. Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 11; Gascoigne, Steel
Glas, 1. 159. F. <span class='it'>clef</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clift,</span></span> a cliff. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 79; p. 90, col. 1; <span class='it'>clifte</span>, Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 7. 23. The E. Anglian form (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clighte;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#clitch'>clitch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Clim of the Clough,</span></span> a proverbially famous archer. Clement of the
Glen, in the ballad of Adam Bell. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. Hazlitt, i. 72;
B. Jonson, Alchemist, i (Face). <span class='it'>Clem a Clough</span>, Drayton, Pastorals, vi. 36.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clinch;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#clench'>clench</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cling,</span></span> to cause to shrink, shrivel; ‘Till famine cling thee’, Macbeth,
v. 5. 40. Cp. prov. use in Ireland and in the north of England, where the
word means to wither, contract, also, of cattle, to become thin from want
of proper food, see EDD. (s.v. Cling, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4). ME. <span class='it'>clyngyn</span>, to shrink, to
shrivel (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>clingan</span>, ‘marcere’ (Ælfric).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clip,</span></span> to embrace. Wint. Tale, v. 2. 59; Coriolanus, i. 6. 29; iv. 5. 115.
Still in use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>clippen</span> (Chaucer,
Tr. and Cr. lii. 1344). OE. <span class='it'>clyppan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clip,</span></span> to go fast, to run swiftly. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 86. A Suffolk
use; see EDD. (s.v. Clip, vb.<sup>2</sup> 11).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clipped,</span></span> uttered aloud; ‘Thy clipped name’, Middleton, The Witch,
ii. 2 (near the end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#clepe'>clepe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clips, clyps,</span></span> ‘eclipse’. Berners, tr. of Froissart, ch. 130. Common
in the north (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>Clypps</span> of þe son or þe mone, ‘eclipsis’
(Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='clitch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clitch,</span></span> to bend, clench (the fist). Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 145
(NED.); <span class='it'>clighte</span>, pp., Bossewell, Armorie, ii. 119<sup>b</sup>. Cp. the west country
<span class='it'>clitch</span>, to grasp tightly (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>clycchan</span>, pp. <span class='it'>geclyht</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clogdogdo,</span></span> a term of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. 1 (Otter).
A nonce-word.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>close fight,</span></span> a sea term; a kind of screen used in a naval engagement.
Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fights'>fights</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='closh'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>closh, clash,</span></span> the name of an old game, played with a ball or bowl.
Spelt <span class='it'>claisshe</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 8. See Cowell’s
Interpreter and Strutt’s Sports. <span class='it'>Closh</span> was orig. the name of the bowl.
Du. <span class='it'>klos</span>, a wooden Boule (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>closure,</span></span> bound, limit, circuit. Richard III, iii. 3. 11; an entrenchment,
fortress, Greene, Looking Glasse (ed. 1861, p. 123); Surrey, tr.
Aeneid, ii. 296. OF. <span class='it'>closure</span>, confine, limits (Dialoge Greg., 74); Late
L. <span class='it'>clausura</span>, a castle, fort (Justinian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clote,</span></span> the yellow water-lily; <span class='it'>Nuphar lutea</span>. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess,
ii. 2. 12. Still in use in the south-west of England, see EDD.
(s.v. Clote, (1)). OE. <span class='it'>clāte</span>, which was the name of various plants resembling
the burdock, see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='clottered'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clottered,</span></span> clotted. Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 14; <span class='it'>‘Congrée</span>,
congealed, clottered’, Cotgrave. Du. <span class='it'>kloteren</span>, or <span class='it'>klonteren</span>, ‘to curdle or
growe thick as milke doth’ (Hexham). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cluttered'>cluttered</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clout,</span></span> a piece of cloth or linen, a rag. Hamlet, ii. 2. 537; Richard III,
i. 3. 177; hence, <span class='it'>clouted</span>, patched, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Joshua ix. 5. In prov. use, esp.
in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Clout, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clout,</span></span> a square piece of canvas, which formed the mark to be aimed
at, at the archery butts, L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clout,</span></span> to cuff heavily, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Sam. xxii. 39; <span class='it'>clouted</span>, pp. hit, Beaumont
and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, iii. 7. 1. In gen. vulgar use, see EDD. (s.v.
Clout, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clouted;</span></span> of cream: clotted, by scalding milk. Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
Nov., 99; Borde, Dyetarie, 267. A Devon word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clowre,</span></span> grassy surface, turf. In pl. <span class='it'>clowres</span>; Golding, Metam. iv. 301.
(L. <span class='it'>cespite</span>); viii. 756 (L. <span class='it'>terram</span>). ME. <span class='it'>clowre</span>, grassy ground (Lydgate).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cloy,</span></span> to prick a horse with a nail in shoeing; ‘I cloye a horse, I drive
a nayle in to the quycke of his foote, <span class='it'>jencloue</span>’, Palsgrave; to pierce as
with a nail, to gore, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 48; to spike a gun, Beaumont
and Fl., The False One, v. 4 (Photinus). OF. <span class='it'>cloyer</span> (F. <span class='it'>clouer</span>), to nail,
deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>clo</span> (F. <span class='it'>clou</span>), a nail.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cloyer,</span></span> a pick-pocket’s accomplice. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl,
v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cloyne,</span></span> a clown, rustic. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 44. The word
<span class='it'>clown</span> (<span class='it'>cloyne</span>) was a late introduction from some Low German source,
originally meaning ‘clod, lump’, see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cloyne, cloine,</span></span> to act deceitfully or fraudulently. Bale, Sel. Wks.
(ed. 1849, p. 170 (NED.)); to take furtively, to steal away, Phaer, tr.
Aeneid, vi. 524; vii. 364. Probably the same word as OF. <span class='it'>cluigner</span>, <span class='it'>clugner</span>,
<span class='it'>cluyner</span> (F. <span class='it'>cligner</span>), to wink, often as the expression of secret understanding,
cunning, or hypocrisy. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>club,</span></span> a country fellow; ‘Homely and playn clubbes of the countrey’,
Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 14; ‘Hertfordshire clubs and clouted
shoon’, Ray, Eng. Proverbs, 310. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>clubbyd</span>, ‘rudis’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clubfist,</span></span> a thick-fisted ruffian. Mirror for Magistrates, Sabrine, st. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clubs!</span></span> A popular cry to call out the London apprentices, who had
clubs for their weapons; also, a cry to call out citizens; as in Romeo,
i. 1. 80. There are frequent allusions to this cry; ‘Cry <span class='it'>clubs</span> for prentices’,
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (All).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clunch,</span></span> a clodhopper; ‘<span class='it'>Casois</span>, a countrey clown, boore, clunch, hinde’,
Cotgrave. In prov. use in Cumberland, Lancashire, and E. Yorks. (EDD.).
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clunch,</span></span> to clench; ‘His fist is clunched’, Earle, Microcosmographie,
§ 20; ed. Arber, p. 41.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clunged,</span></span> drawn together by the action of cold; ‘By the Northern
winds .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. clunged and congealed withall’, Holland, Pliny, i. 513; ‘The
Earth made clunged with the cold of winter’, B. Googe, Heresbach’s Husb.
(NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cluttered'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cluttered,</span></span> clotted. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Alberto); ‘<span class='it'>Engrommelé</span>,
clotted, cluttered, curded thick’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Cheshire
and Shropshire (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#clottered'>clottered</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cly</span></span> (thieves’ cant), to seize, take; to steal (NED.). Phr. <span class='it'>to cly the
Jerk</span>, to be whipped, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman);
Harman, Caveat, p. 84. In Lower Rhenish dialect <span class='it'>klauen</span> (<span class='it'>kläuen</span>, <span class='it'>kleuen</span>)
is used in the sense of ‘steal’. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coals'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coals:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to carry coals</span>, to be very servile, to submit to insults.
Romeo, i. 1. 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#colcarrier'>colcarrier</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coal-sleck,</span></span> coal-dust. Drayton, Pol. iii. 280. Cp. prov. E. <span class='it'>sleck</span>, slack,
small coal.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coart,</span></span> to confine, restrain; ‘Streatly coarted’, Skelton, Why come ye
not, 438; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 138. L. <span class='it'>co-arctare</span>, to compress, from
<span class='it'>arctus</span>, close.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coast1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coast, cost</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> the side. Spenser, M. Hubberd, 294; the border,
frontier of a country, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Mark vii. 31; Judges i. 18; phr. <span class='it'>on even coast</span>,
on even terms, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 17. OF. <span class='it'>coste</span> (F. <span class='it'>côte</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coast2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coast,</span></span> to keep by the side of a person moving. Fletcher and Rowley,
Maid Mill, i. 1; to march on the flank of, Berners, Froissart, i. 40. 55;
to move in a roundabout course, <span class='it'>fig.</span> Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 38; to skirt,
Milton, P. L. iv. 782; spelt <span class='it'>cost</span>, to approach, Spenser, Daphnaida, st. 6;
Venus and Adonis, 870.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coat;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cote1'>cote</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coat-card,</span></span> a playing card bearing a ‘coated’ figure (king, queen, or
knave). In regular use till the Revolution, 1688; afterwards perverted
into <span class='it'>Court-card</span>. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Madrigal). Also, <span class='it'>coat</span>,
Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Cook); B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coath'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coath,</span></span> to faint, to swoon away. Skinner, 1671 (a Lincoln word); ‘To
coath (swoon away), <span class='it'>Animo linqui, deficere</span>’, Coles, 1679. ‘Coath’ is still
used in this sense in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>cothe</span>, or swownyng, ‘sincopa’
(Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>coðu</span>, disease; cp. <span class='it'>coe</span>, a word for a disease of sheep, cattle
in W. Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coe, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). See <span class='bold'><a href='#quoth'>quoth</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cob,</span></span> the head of a red herring. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. (Wks.,
1873, ii. 147); ‘A herring cob, <span class='it'>la teste d’un harang sor</span>’, Sherwood.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cob, cobbe,</span></span> a wealthy man; a miser; ‘Ryche cobbes’, Udall, tr. of
Apoph., Diogenes, § 149; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, ii. 27 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cobbe,</span></span> a male swan; ‘The hee swanne is called the cobbe, and the
she-swanne the penne’, Best, Farm. Bks. (ed. 1856, p. 122). Hence
<span class='it'>cob-swan</span>, B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia). ‘Cob’ is still in use in
Norfolk (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockal</span>(<span class='bold'>l,</span></span> a knucklebone of a sheep, with which boys played ‘knucklebones’.
Herrick, The Temple, 59; the game played, Cotgrave (s.v. <span class='it'>Tales</span>).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockall,</span></span> a paragon, a pattern, of supreme excellence; ‘He was the
very cockall of a husband’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockatrice,</span></span> a name for the basilisk, a serpent supposed to kill by its
mere glance, and to be hatched from a cock’s egg. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah lix. 5;
Romeo, iii. 2. 47; applied to a woman of loose life, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Rev. iv. 1; Killigrew’s Pandora (Nares). Orig. a name for the crocodile.
OF. <span class='it'>caucatris</span> (<span class='it'>cocatris</span>), crocodile; Med. L. <span class='it'>caucatrices</span>, ‘crocodili’ (Ducange);
cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>calcatris</span>, crocodile (Levy). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cock-a-two,</span></span> cock of two, a cock that has conquered two, a conqueror
of two. Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (La Writ). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockers,</span></span> leggings, gaiters. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of
Dowsabel, l. 59. In prov. use from the north country to the W. Midlands
and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>cokeres</span> (P. Plowman, C. Text, ix. 59). Probably
the same word as OE. <span class='it'>cocor</span>, a quiver.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocket,</span></span> a ship’s certificate that goods for export had paid duty.
Gascoigne, Steel Glas, ll. 258, 1058. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cokette</span>, app. the seal with
which the certificate was assured (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocket,</span></span> pert, saucy, stuck up. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 5 (song);
Coles Dict. 1677. In prov. use from north country to the W. Midlands,
meaning ‘pert, saucy’, also, ‘brisk, merry, lively’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockledemois,</span></span> pl. (perhaps) a natural product of some kind representing
money. Chapman, Mask of the Middle Temple, § 2. (Not found elsewhere,
except as Cockledemoy, the name of a knave in Marston’s Dutch
Courtezan). Dr. H. Bradley suggests that this word may represent Port.
<span class='it'>coquílho de moeda</span>; <span class='it'>coquílho</span>, fruit of an Indian palm; <span class='it'>moeda</span>, money.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cockloche'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockloche,</span></span> a term of reproach or contempt, a mean fellow, a silly
coxcomb. Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Clare); spelt <span class='it'>cocoloch</span>, Beaumont
and Fl., Four Plays in One, Triumph of Honour, sc. 1 (Nicodemus). F.
<span class='it'>coqueluche</span>, a hood, also a person who is all the vogue. See Dict. de l’Acad.
(1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Cock'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cock Lorel,</span></span> the name of the owner and captain of the boat containing
jovial reprobates of all trades in a sarcastic poem, Cocke Lorelles Bote,
printed <span class='it'>c.</span> 1515; used also allusively with the sense of ‘rogue’; ‘Here is
fyrst, Cocke Lorell the Knyght’ (ed. 1843, p. 4); ‘Cock-Lorrell would
needs have the Devill his guest’, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (Song). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#lorel'>Lorel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockney,</span></span> (1) a cockered child, a child tenderly brought up, hence (2)
a squeamish, foppish, effeminate fellow. (1) Tusser, Husbandry, 183;
Baret, Alvearie, C. 729; (2) Twelfth Nt. iv. 1. 15; a squeamish woman,
King Lear, ii. 4. 123. ME. <span class='it'>cokenay</span>, an effeminate person (Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4208); <span class='it'>coknay</span>, ‘delicius’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockqueene;</span></span> the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#cuckquean'>cuckquean</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cockshut'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockshut time,</span></span> twilight. Richard III, v. 3. 70. The twilight, or dim
light in which woodcocks could most easily be caught in <span class='it'>cockshuts</span>. A <span class='it'>cockshut</span>,
or <span class='it'>cockshoot</span>, was a broadway or glade in a wood, through which woodcocks
might dart or <span class='it'>shoot</span>, and in which they might be caught with nets;
see EDD. ‘A fine <span class='it'>cock-shoot</span> evening’, Middleton, The Widow, iii. 1. 6;
cp. Arden of Feversham, iii. 2. 47.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocksure,</span></span> absolutely secure. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Court,
279; Conflict of Conscience, iii. 3. 1 (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 67); with
absolute security, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocoloch;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cockloche'>cockloche</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocted,</span></span> boiled. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. <span class='it'>coctus</span>, pp. of
<span class='it'>coquere</span>, to cook.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cod,</span></span> a bag, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 2 (Corin); a civet-bag, musk-bag, B. Jonson,
Epigrams, xix; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). OE. <span class='it'>codd</span>,
a bag.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coddle,</span></span> to parboil, to stew; ‘To codle, <span class='it'>coctillo</span>’, Coles, Dict. 1679;
‘I’ll have you coddled’ (alluding to ‘Prince Pippin’), Beaumont and Fl.,
Philaster, v. 4. 31. See Dict. In prov. use in various parts of England,
see EDD. (s.v. Coddle, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>codes!, coads-nigs!, cuds me!,</span></span> ejaculations of surprise, no doubt
orig. profane. <span class='it'>Codes! Codes!</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, i. 2
(Diagoras). <span class='it'>Coads-nigs!,</span> Middleton, Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Freedom); <span class='it'>Cuds
me</span>, ib. (Lucre).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cod’s-head,</span></span> a stupid fellow, a blockhead. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II,
v. 2 (Cat. Bountinall). In prov. use in Derbysh. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coffin,</span></span> pie-crust, raised crust of a pie. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii.
1 (Pennyboy sen.); Titus And. v. 2. 189. So in prov. use in Lincolnsh.
and Hertfordsh., see EDD. (s.v. Coffin, 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coft</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> bought. Mirror for Magistrates, Clarence, st. 49; Dalrymple,
Leslie’s Hist. Scotland (NED.). M. Dutch <span class='it'>coft</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, pret., and <span class='it'>gecoft</span>
(mod. <span class='it'>gecocht</span>), pp. of <span class='it'>copen</span>, to buy (Verdam); cp. G. <span class='it'>kaufen</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cog'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cog,</span></span> to cheat, deceive, Much Ado, v. 1. 95; to employ feigned flattery,
to fawn. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 76; Richard III, i. 3. 48. Still in use in
Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Cog, vb.<sup>4</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cogge,</span></span> a kind of ship; chiefly, a ship for transport. Morte Arthur,
leaf 82, back, 30; bk. v, c. 3; <span class='it'>cogg</span>, a cock-boat, Fairfax, tr. of Tasso,
xiv. 58. OF. <span class='it'>cogue</span> (Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coggle,</span></span> <span class='it'>to coggle in</span>, to flatter continually. Jacob and Esau, ii. 3 (Mido).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#cog'>cog</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cohobation,</span></span> a process in alchemy; a repeated distillation. B. Jonson,
Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coil, coyle,</span></span> to beat, thrash; ‘I shall coil them’, Jacob and Esau, v. 4
(near the end); Roister Doister, iii. 3, l. 7 from end; ‘I coyle ones kote,
I beate hym, <span class='it'>je bastonne</span>,’ Palsgrave. Hence <span class='it'>coiling</span>, a beating, Udall, tr.
Apoph., Socrates, § 15. ‘Coil’ has still this meaning in Northumberland,
see EDD. (s.v. Coil, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cointree,</span></span> Coventry. <span class='it'>Cointree blue</span>, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad
of Dowsabel, l. 63.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coistered;</span></span> ‘There were those at that time who, to try the strength
of a man’s back and his arm, would be coister’d’, Marston, Malcontent,
v. 1. 10. Meaning unknown.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coistril'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coistril,</span></span> used as a term of contempt, a low varlet; spelt <span class='it'>coystrill</span>
Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 43; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2. 137 (Downright).
Cp. <span class='it'>coistrel</span>, in use in the north country in the sense of a raw, inexperienced
lad (EDD.); ‘A coistrel, <span class='it'>adolescentulus</span>’, Coles Dict. 1679.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cokes,</span></span> a simpleton, dupe. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Devil
an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug); spelt <span class='it'>cox</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons,
iii. 1 (Oldcraft).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cokes,</span></span> to coax. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8; p. 36.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colberteen,</span></span> a kind of open lace, like network. Congreve, Way of the
World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Swift, Cadenus and Vanessa, 418. Named
from ‘Colbert, Superintendent of the French King’s Manufactures’
(Fop’s Dict. 1690). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='colcarrier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colcarrier, colecarier,</span></span> a coal-carrier, a low dependant, cringing
sycophant; lit. one who will carry coals for another. Golding, tr. of Ovid,
The Epistle, p. 2, l. 86. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coals'>coals</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cold-harbour, Cole-arbour,</span></span> an old building in Dowgate Ward.
Westward Ho, iv. 2 (Justinians); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 3 (Morose);
Middleton, A Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Lucre). For an account of the great
house called Cold Harbrough, see Stow’s Survey, Dowgate Ward (ed.
Thoms, 88. 89).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cole, coal,</span></span> money. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell).
<span class='it'>To post the cole</span>, to pay the money. See NED. (s.v. Cole, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coleharth,</span></span> a coal-hearth, or place where a fire has been made; ‘An
Harte passeth by some <span class='it'>coleharthes</span> .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. the hote sent of the fire smoothreth
the houndes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; pp. 114-15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coleprophet;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#colprophet'>col-prophet</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coles:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>precious coles</span>, a kind of minced oath. Gascoigne, Steel
Glas (ed. Arber, 80); Return from Parnassus (ed. Arber, 50). See NED.
(s.v. Precious).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colestaff;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cowl-staff'>cowl-staff</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colice,</span></span> a strong broth, a ‘cullis’. Lyly, Campaspe, iii. 5 (Apelles). F.
‘<span class='it'>coulis</span>, a cullis or broth of boyled meat strained’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coll,</span></span> to embrace. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Spenser, F. Q.
iii. 2. 34; an embrace, Middleton, The Witch, i. 2. Still in use in Dorset
and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coll, vb.<sup>1</sup>). OF. <span class='it'>coler</span> (La Curne), deriv. of <span class='it'>col</span>
(F. <span class='it'>cou</span>), neck.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colle-pixie,</span></span> a goblin, mischievous sprite. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes,
§ 99. For <span class='it'>colt-pixy</span>, a sprite in the form of a colt, which neighs and
misleads horses in bogs, a word known in Hants. and Dorset, the Dorset
form is <span class='it'>cole-pexy</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Colt-pixy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collet,</span></span> the part of a ring in which the stone is set. C. Tourneur, Revengers’
Tragedy, i. 1 (Duchess); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 18. Cp. F. <span class='it'>collet</span>,
a collar (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collocavit,</span></span> used grotesquely to denote some kitchen utensil. Udall,
Roister Doister, iv. 7 (Merygreek). There seems to be an allusion to <span class='bold'><a href='#collock'>collock</a>,</span>
q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='collock'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collock,</span></span> a large pail; ‘Collock, an old word for a Pail’, Phillips, Coles,
1677. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>colok</span>, ‘canterus’ (Voc. 771. 30).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collogue,</span></span> to deal flatteringly with any one; ‘<span class='it'>Trainer sa parole</span>, to collogue,
to flatter, fawn on’, Cotgrave; to feign agreement, Marston and
Webster, Malcontent, v. 2; to have a private understanding with, ‘They
collogued together’, Wood, Life (ed. 1772, p. 172). In prov. use in many parts
of England, Scotland, and Ireland in three senses: (1) to talk confidentially,
(2) to flatter, to wheedle, (3) to plot together for mischief (EDD.).
Cp. L. <span class='it'>colloq-</span> in <span class='it'>colloquium</span>, with change to <span class='it'>collogue</span> under the influence of
<span class='it'>dialogue</span>, <span class='it'>duologue</span>, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='collow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collow,</span></span> to make black or dirty with coal-dust or soot; Middleton,
Family of Love, iii. 3. 2; ‘<span class='it'>Poisler</span>, to collow, smut, begryme’, Cotgrave;
‘I colowe, I make blake with a cole’, Palsgrave. A Cheshire word, see
EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). ME. <span class='it'>colwen</span>, cp. <span class='it'>colwyd</span>, ‘carbonatus’ (Prompt.
EETS. 91). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#colly'>colly</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='colly'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colly,</span></span> to blacken. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1.
145; ‘to colly, <span class='it'>denigro</span>’, Coles, Dict. 1679. In prov. use in various parts of
England, see EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). See <span class='bold'><a href='#collow'>collow</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colon,</span></span> the largest human intestine. <span class='it'>To satisfy colon</span>, to satisfy one’s
hunger, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Belgarde); <span class='it'>to pacify colon</span>, id.,
Picture, ii. 1 (Hilario).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colour,</span></span> a pretence, appearance of right. Two Gent. iv. 2. 3; Wint.
Tale, iv. 4. 566; <span class='it'>colours</span>, ensigns, standards, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 31; <span class='it'>to fear
no colours</span>, to fear no flags, no enemy, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colour de roy,</span></span> bright tawny. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Balurdo).
F. ‘<span class='it'>couleur de roy</span>, was in old time, Purple; but now is the bright Tawny,
which we also tearm Colour de Roy’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colpheg,</span></span> to buffet or cuff, Edwards, Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng.
Drama, i. 85, col. 1; in Dodsley (ed. 1780, i. 209). See NED. (s.v. Colaphize).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='colprophet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colprophet,</span></span> a sorcerer, fortune-teller. Mirror for Magistrates, Glendour,
st. 31 and st. 34; spelt <span class='it'>coleprophet</span>, J. Heywood, Prov. and Epigr. (ed.
1867, p. 17).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colstaff, colestaff;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cowl-staff'>cowl-staff</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colt,</span></span> to befool, to ‘take in’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 39; Beaumont and Fl.,
Wit without Money, iii. 2. From <span class='it'>colt</span> (a young horse), used humorously
for a young or inexperienced person, one easily taken in. Cp. the prov.
use of ‘to colt’, meaning to make a newcomer pay his footing, see EDD.
(s.v. Colt, vb.<sup>1</sup> 12).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>comand,</span></span> coming. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A northern
form.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>come off,</span></span> to pay money, pay a debt. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv.
2 (1 Court.); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 (end); Merry Wives, iv. 3. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>com’esta,</span></span> how is it? how goes it with you? Massinger, Virgin
Martyr, ii. 3 (Spungius). Span. <span class='it'>cómo está?</span>, how is it?</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commandador,</span></span> a lieutenant; compared to a common sergeant. B.
Jonson, Volpone, iv. 1 (Sir Pol.). Span. <span class='it'>comendador</span>, ‘a commander,
lieutenant’ (Minsheu). The Span. vb. <span class='it'>comendar</span> orig. meant ‘to commend’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commandments, ten,</span></span> ten fingers, or two fists; jocularly. 2 Hen. VI,
i. 3. 145; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 63. [‘Be busy with the ten
commandments’, Longfellow, Span. Student, iii. 2 (Cruzado).] Cp. Span.
<span class='it'>los diez mandamiéntos</span>, the ten commandments; ironically, the ten fingers
(Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commedle,</span></span> to commix, mingle. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo),
ed. Dyce, p. 25.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commence,</span></span> to take the full degree of Master or Doctor in any faculty
at a University; <span class='it'>to commence doctor</span>, to take a doctor’s degree, Massinger,
Emp. of the East, ii. 1 (Chrysapius); Duke of Milan, iv. 1 (Graccho).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commencement,</span></span> the great public ceremony, esp. at Cambridge, when
degrees are conferred at the end of the academical year. Brewer, Lingua,
iv. 2 (Common Sense); ‘In Oxford this solemnitie is called an Act, but
in Cambridge they use the French word Commensement’, Harrison,
Descr. England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, 75).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commodity,</span></span> wares, merchandise; esp. a parcel of goods sold on credit
by a usurer to a needy person, who immediately raised some cash by reselling
them at a lower price, often to the usurer himself; ‘He’s in for
a commodity of brown paper and old ginger’, Measure for M. iv. 3. 5;
advantage, profit, ‘I will turn diseases to commodity’, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2
(end); Bacon, Essay 41, § 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>communicate,</span></span> to share in, partake of; ‘Thousands that communicate
our loss’, B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tib.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>communication,</span></span> conversation, talk. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Luke xxiv. 17; Eph. iv.
29; this rendering of the Gk. λόγος is due to Tyndal, ‘communicacion’;
‘(Cardinal Morton), gentill in communication’, More, Utopia (ed. Arber,
36).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>companiable,</span></span> sociable, companionable. Bacon, Henry VII, ed.
Lumby, p. 217. ME. <span class='it'>companyable</span>, ‘socialis’ (Prompt.). A deriv. of OF.
<span class='it'>compain</span>, orig. nom. of <span class='it'>compagnon</span>; Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cumpainz</span> (Ch. Rol. 285).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>companion,</span></span> used as term of contempt, a fellow. Com. of Errors, iv.
4. 64; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 102. Cp. the use of <span class='it'>kumpân</span> (OF. <span class='it'>compain</span>) in the
MLG. poem Reinke de Vos, 1984 (ed. Bartsch, p. 293).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>compass,</span></span> to obtain, win (an object). Two Gent. ii. 4. 214; Pericles,
i. 2. 24; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 28.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>compass,</span></span> range, arc described by an arrow. Ford, Witch of Edmonton,
ii. 2 (Somerton); Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 145).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>complement,</span></span> that which goes to ‘complete’ the character of a gentleman
in regard to external appearance or demeanour. Hen. V, ii. 2. 134;
B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Carlo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>complimentary,</span></span> a master of defence, who published works upon the
compliments and ceremonies of duelling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels,
v. 2 (Crites).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>compromit,</span></span> to submit, esp. to submit to a compromise. Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. F. <span class='it'>compromettre</span>, to put unto compromise
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>compter,</span></span> a ‘counter’, for children to play with. Conflict of Conscience,
iv. 5 (Conscience); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 108.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>comptible,</span></span> liable to give an ‘account’ of, sensitive to. Twelfth Nt.
i. 5. 186.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>comrogue,</span></span> a fellow-rogue. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1. 10; B. Jonson,
Masque of Augurs (Groom). A jocular word; for <span class='it'>comrade</span>. Also
<span class='it'>comrague</span>, Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (1 Soldier); Heywood and Brome, Lancashire
Witches, 1634 (sig. K., Dyce).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>con:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to con thanks</span>, to acknowledge thanks, to be grateful. All’s
Well, iv. 3. 174; Timon, iv. 3. 428. See NED. (s.v. Con, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>con.,</span></span> short for <span class='it'>contra</span>, against; ‘Now for the con’, Beaumont and Fl.,
Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet). Cp. the phrase <span class='it'>pro</span> and <span class='it'>con</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>concavite,</span></span> concave or hollow sphere of the sky; ‘Where is become
that azure <span class='it'>concavite</span>?’ (riming with <span class='it'>infinite</span>), Mirror for Mag., Robert of
Normandy, st. 113.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conceit,</span></span> what is conceived in the mind, conception, idea. Othello,
iii. 3. 115; Merch. Venice, iii. 4. 2; faculty of conceiving, mental capacity,
As You Like It, v. 2. 60; imagination, fancy, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 263;
used of articles of fanciful design, Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 33.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conceited,</span></span> full of imagination or fancy; ‘The conceited painter’,
Lucrece, 1371; disposed to playful fancy, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 3
(Ariosto); B. Jonson, Every Man in Humour, iii. 2. 29; curiously designed,
Chapman, Homer, Iliad ix, 85; <span class='it'>conceitedly</span>, ingeniously, Middleton,
Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 3 (Vortigern).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conceive,</span></span> to understand, to take the meaning of (a person); ‘Nay, conceive
me, conceive me, sweet Coz’, Merry Wives, i. 1. 250; Spenser, State
Ireland (Works, Globe ed. 666).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>concent,</span></span> harmony, concord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 5; (<span class='it'>consent</span>), Hen. V,
i. 2. 181. L. <span class='it'>concentus</span>, a singing together.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>concinnitie,</span></span> harmony, congruity, propriety. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i, c. 20, § last but one. L. <span class='it'>concinnitas</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conclusions, to try,</span></span> to try experiments, or an experiment. Hamlet,
iii. 4. 195; Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 1 (near end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>concrew,</span></span> to grow together. Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. Cp.
F. <span class='it'>concrû</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>concroítre</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cond'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cond,</span></span> taught. Only in Drayton, Pol. xii. 206. See NED. (s.v. Con,
vb.<sup>1</sup> 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>condiscend,</span></span> for <span class='it'>condescent</span>, acquiescence, agreement, consent; lit. condescension.
Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 14. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>condition,</span></span> provision, stipulation; = on condition that, Tr. and Cr.
i. 2. 78; Massinger, Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); Shirley, Young Admiral,
iii. 2 (Fabio); mental disposition, temper, character, Merch. Ven. i. 2. 143;
Hen. V, v. 1. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>condog,</span></span> to concur, ‘<span class='it'>Concurre</span>? <span class='it'>condogge</span>?’, Lyly, Gallathea, i. 1 (Raffe);
‘To agree, <span class='it'>concurre</span>, <span class='it'>cohere</span>, <span class='it'>condog</span>’; Cockeram’s Dict. (1642), second part.
A whimsical alteration of <span class='it'>concur</span>, made by substituting <span class='it'>dog</span> for <span class='it'>cur</span>.
The usual tale about this word is wholly without foundation; see
NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conduct,</span></span> conductor. Richard II, iv. 157; Romeo, iii. 1. 129; v. 3. 116.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conduction,</span></span> guidance, leadership. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus,
§ 21 (in Shak. Plut., p. 40, n. 7); Robinson, tr. of Utopia, bk. ii; ed. Arber,
p. 138. L. <span class='it'>conductio</span>; from <span class='it'>conducere</span>, to conduct.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coney'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coney,</span></span> a rabbit. In compounds: <span class='it'>Cony-burrow</span>, a rabbit-warren, Dekker,
Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando), spelt <span class='it'>coney borough</span>, B. Jonson, Tale
of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay); <span class='it'>coney-catch</span>, to cheat, dupe, Merry Wives, i. 1. 128;
Humour out of Breath, iv. 3 (Hortensio); <span class='it'>conie-catcher</span>, a cheat, Sir Thos.
More, i. 4. 205; <span class='it'>coney-garth</span>, a rabbit-warren, Palsgrave; spelt <span class='it'>cony gat</span>, Peele,
Works (ed. Dyce, p. 579); <span class='it'>conyger</span>, Horman, Vulgaria (NED.); <span class='it'>conygree</span>, Turbervile,
Venerie, 184. For etymology of these ‘coney’ words see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>confine,</span></span> to send beyond the confines, to banish. Webster, Appius, v. 3
(Virginius). Dyce gives five more examples, all from Heywood. And see
Dyce’s Webster, p. 375.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>confins,</span></span> inhabitants of adjacent regions. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 20, § 12. L. <span class='it'>confines</span>, pl., neighbours.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>confluent,</span></span> affluent, abounding in. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad ix, 157.
In this sense found only here.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>congee,</span></span> a bow; orig. at taking one’s leave. Dryden, Prol. to The
Loyal Brother, 25; Marlowe, Edward II, v. 4; to take ceremonious
leave, ‘I have congied with the Duke’, All’s Well, iv. 3. 103. OF. <span class='it'>congie</span>,
leave of absence, dismission. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conglobate,</span></span> gathered as into a globe, compressed. Dryden, Death of
Lord Hastings, 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>congrue,</span></span> fitting, suitable; ‘Congrue Latine’, Latin that can be
parsed, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. <span class='it'>congru</span> (Littré);
L. <span class='it'>congruus</span>, agreeing, suitable.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>congrue,</span></span> to agree, accord. Hen. V, i. 2. 182 (Qu.); Hamlet, iv. 3. 66
(Qq.). L. <span class='it'>congruere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conjure,</span></span> to call upon solemnly, to adjure. Two Gent. ii. 7. 2;
Hamlet, iv. 3. 67; to influence by incantation, or the adjuring of spirits,
Timon, i. 1. 7; to swear together, to conspire, Milton, P. L. ii. 693; Spenser,
F. Q. v. 10. 26.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>consilliadory,</span></span> pl. councillors. City Nightcap, i. 1 (Abstemia); iii. 1
(Lorenzo). Ital. <span class='it'>consigliatori</span>, pl.; from <span class='it'>consiglio</span>, council.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>consort,</span></span> a ‘concert’ of musical instruments. Webster, Devil’s Law-case,
1. 23 from the end; Northward Ho, ii. 1; Beaumont and Fl.,
King and No King, v. 2 (Lygones).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='conster'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conster,</span></span> to construe; a common spelling in old editions of Shakespeare,
&amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>consumedly,</span></span> excessively; ‘I believe they talked of me; for they
laughed consumedly’, Farquhar, Beaux Stratagem, iii. 1 (Scrub); consumedly
in love’, id., iii. 2 (Scrub).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conteck,</span></span> strife, discord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 64; Shep. Kal., May,
163; Sept., 86. ME. <span class='it'>contek</span>, strife (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2003, <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4122). Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>contec</span>, ‘débat, querelle’ (Moisy); contention (Gower, Mirour, 4647). See
Dict. M. and S.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>continent,</span></span> one of the concentric ‘spheres’ in the Ptolemaic system
of astronomy; each hollow crystal sphere carried with it one of the
seven planets that revolved round the earth, each planet being attached
to the concave surface of its own sphere. ‘As true .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. as doth that orbed
continent [that spherical solar shell retain] the fire That severs day from
night’ [i.e. the sun], Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 278; ‘Nor doth the moon no
nourishment exhale From her moist continent to higher orbs’ (i.e. from
her own sphere to the spheres beyond), Milton, P. L. v. 422; ‘All subject
under Luna’s continent’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1148); scene 9. 62
(W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D); ‘Luna, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. trembling upon her concave continent’,
iv. 1 (1543); scene 11. 15 (W.); p. 172, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘Judging the
concave circle of the sun To hold the rest in his circumference’, Greene,
Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1122); scene 9. 36 (W.); p. 167, col. 1 (D.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>contrive,</span></span> to wear out, to spend; ‘Three ages, such as mortall men
contrive’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 48; Tam. Shrew, i. 2. L. <span class='it'>contrivi</span>, pt. t. of
<span class='it'>conterere</span>, to wear away; cp. ‘totum hunc contrivi diem’, Terence, Hec.
5. 3. 17. Not the same word as mod. E. <span class='it'>contrive</span>. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conundrum,</span></span> a whim, crotchet, conceit. B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 7
(Volpone).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convent,</span></span> to convene, summon together, summon. Coriolanus, ii. 2.
59; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convert,</span></span> to cause to return, to bring back; ‘Or if I stray he doth
convert, And bring my minde in frame’, Herbert, Temple, Ps. xxiii;
to turn aside from (intrans.), ‘When thou from youth convertest’, Sh.
Sonn. xi.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convertite,</span></span> a professed convert to a religious faith, Marlowe, Jew of
Malta, i. 2 (Barabas); a person converted to a better course of action,
King John, v. 1. 19.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convey,</span></span> a cant term for to steal. Merry Wives, i. 3. 52; Richard II,
v. 317. Hence <span class='it'>conveyance</span>, trickery, artifice, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 160.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convince,</span></span> to overcome, overpower; ‘I will with wine and wassal so
convince’, Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 21; to prove a person
to be guilty, ‘Which of you convinceth mee of sinne?’ <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, John viii.
46; Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 129; Webster, Appius and Virg. v. 3; Mirror
for Mag., Glocester. st. 43; to refute in argument, ‘It sufficeth to convince
atheism, but not to inform religion’, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 681.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convive,</span></span> one who feasts with others, a table-companion. Beaumont,
Psyche, x. 211; to feast together, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 272. F. <span class='it'>convive</span>,
a guest; L. <span class='it'>conviva</span>, one who lives or feasts with others.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cony;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#coney'>coney</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cooling card,</span></span> a winning card in a card-game, that dashes the hopes
of the adversary. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 84; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful
Friends, ii. 2 (Flavia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copartiment,</span></span> a compartment, panel. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2
(last line). Ital. <span class='it'>compartimento</span>, a partition.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copatain hat,</span></span> a high-crowned hat (?). Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 69; ‘A
copetain hatte made on a Flemmishe blocke’, Gascoigne, Works, i. 375.
Prob. the same as <span class='it'>copintank</span>, <span class='it'>copentank</span>, a high-crowned hat in the form of
a sugar-loaf; ‘A high cop-tank hat,’ North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius,
§ 30. See NED. (s.v. Copintank).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cope'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cope,</span></span> a purchase, bargain. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 3 (351); scene 3. 5
(W.); p. 157, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘cope’, a prov. word meaning to exchange,
barter, heard in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Cope,
vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). Dutch <span class='it'>koop</span>, a sale, a buying. See Dict. (s.v. Cope, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copel,</span></span> a small pot made of bone-ash, used for melting gold or silver.
Sir T. Browne, Urn-burial, ch. iii, § 18. Spelt <span class='it'>coppell</span>, Bacon, Sylva, § 799.
F. <span class='it'>coupelle</span>, ‘a Coppell, the little Ashen pot or vessel wherein Goldsmiths
melt or fine their Metals’ (Cotgr.); see Estienne, Précellence, 142 (Lexique-Index,
400). <span class='it'>Coupelle</span> is a deriv. of <span class='it'>coupe</span>, a cup. Med. L. <span class='it'>cuppa</span> (Ducange).
See NED. (s.v. Cupel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copeman,</span></span> a chapman. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cope'>cope</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copemate, copesmate,</span></span> a person with whom one ‘copes’ or contends,
an adversary. Golding, Metam. xii (ed. 1593, 279); Chapman, All Fools,
ii (Valerio); a companion, comrade, Greene, Upstart Courtier (ed. 1871, 4),
used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Lucrece, 925; <span class='it'>female copesmate</span>, mistress, paramour, B. Jonson,
Every Man, iv. 10 (Knowell).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coppe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coppe,</span></span> the top, summit. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 202. 18; lf. 232,
back, 26. Hence <span class='it'>copped</span>, peaked, Pericles, i. 1. 101; ‘High-copt hats’,
Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. ME. cop: ‘the cop of the hill’ (Wyclif, Luke
iv. 29). OE <span class='it'>copp</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copy,</span></span> abundance, copiousness. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1
Carlo); Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Placentia). L. <span class='it'>copia</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='copy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copy,</span></span> copyhold, tenure of land ‘by copy’, i.e. according to the ‘copy’
of the manorial court-roll, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Macbeth, iii. 2. 38.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coracine,</span></span> a kind of fish like a perch, found in the Nile. Middleton,
Game at Chess, v. 3. 10. L. <span class='it'>coracinus</span>, Gk. κορακῖνος, from κόραξ, a raven,
from its black colour.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corant;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#courant1'>courant</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coranto'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coranto,</span></span> a quick dance. Hen. V, iii. 5. 33; Shirley, Lady of Pleasure,
iii. 2 (Kickshaw). Ital. <span class='it'>coranto</span>, ‘a kinde of French dance’ (Florio); cp.
F. <span class='it'>courante</span>, ‘a curranto’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#courant1'>courant</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corasive,</span></span> a sharp remedy, severe reproach. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber,
p. 154). See <span class='bold'><a href='#corsive'>corsive</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corbe,</span></span> short for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corbel.</span></span> Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corbe, courbe,</span></span> bent, crooked. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 56. ME.
<span class='it'>courbe</span> (Gower, C. A. i. 1687). F. <span class='it'>courbe</span>, L. <span class='it'>curvus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corbed up,</span></span> (prob.) controlled, as by a curb, curbed. Marston, Antonio,
Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cordwain,</span></span> Spanish leather, orig. made at Cordova. Spenser, F. Q. vi.
2. 6; Drayton, Eclogues, iv. 177. Spelt <span class='it'>cordevan</span>, Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess,
i. 1. 21. Span. <span class='it'>cordován</span>, Spanish leather (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coresie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coresie,</span></span> vexation, a corroding, gnawing annoyance. Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 19. 24. In prov. use in Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Corrosy). F. <span class='it'>corrosif</span>
(Cotgr.); for the change of suffix, cp. <span class='it'>hasty</span>, the E. representative of F. <span class='it'>hastif</span>.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#corsive'>corsive</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corned,</span></span> horned, peaked, pointed; said of shoes. Skelton, Maner of
the World, 26; Greene, Description of Chaucer, 13; ed. Dyce, p. 320. Cp.
F. <span class='it'>corné</span>, horned (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornel,</span></span> a little grain, granule; ‘Bread is of many <span class='it'>cornels</span> compounded’,
Conflict of Conscience, iv. 1 (Philologus); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornel,</span></span> a javelin made of cornel-wood. Used to translate L. <span class='it'>cornus</span>,
Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 406.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornelian,</span></span> the fruit of the cornel-tree. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornes,</span></span> pl. kinds of corn; corn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8, back, 4;
lf. 88. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornet,</span></span> a troop of horse; so called from its standard, which was a long
horn-shapen pennon. 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 25; Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 2. 41.
F. <span class='it'>cornette</span>, ‘a Cornet of Horse; the Ensign of a horse-company’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornet,</span></span> a head-dress formerly worn by ladies; ‘Her cornet blacke’,
Surrey, Complaint that his Ladie kept her face hidden, 2; in Tottel’s Misc.,
p. 12. F. <span class='it'>cornette</span>, a horned head-dress; dim. of <span class='it'>corne</span>, a horn.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornet,</span></span> some kind of ornament (?); ‘With cornets at their footmen’s
breeches’, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 872.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornuto,</span></span> a cuckold. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71. Ital. <span class='it'>cornuto</span>, a cuckold;
lit. ‘furnished with horns’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coronal,</span></span> a wreath of flowers, a garland. Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess,
i. 1. 11; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coronel,</span></span> a ‘colonel’. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 656, l. 9;
<span class='it'>lieutenant-coronel</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man, iii. 5 (Knowell). Span. <span class='it'>coronel</span>,
Ital. <span class='it'>colonello</span>, ‘a Colonel of a Regiment’ (Florio); a deriv. of <span class='it'>colonna</span>, cp. F.
<span class='it'>colonne</span> de troupes, a column, a formation of troops narrow laterally and
deep from front to rear; see Hatzfeld.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>correption,</span></span> reproof, rebuke. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 30: Augustus,
§ 12. L. <span class='it'>correptio</span>; deriv. of <span class='it'>corripere</span>, to reprove.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corrigidor, corregidor,</span></span> a Spanish magistrate. Machin, Dumb
Knight, v. 1 (Cyprus); Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 13. 58. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corrol,</span></span> to crimson, to make like ‘coral’; ‘The .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. sunne <span class='it'>corrols</span> his
cheeke’, Herrick, A Nuptial Verse to Mistress E. Lee, 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='corser'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corser,</span></span> a dealer, esp. a horse-dealer. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 119. 15;
spelt <span class='it'>courser</span>, Beaumont and Fl., The Captain, v. 1 (Father). ME. <span class='it'>corser</span>,
Wyclif, Works (ed. 1880, p. 172); <span class='it'>corsowre of horse</span>, ‘mange’ (Prompt. 94),
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cossour</span>, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1310, see Riley’s Memorials of London, Pref., p. xxii,
Med. L. <span class='it'>cociatorem</span>, a broker, factor, dealer, cp. <span class='it'>cocio</span> (Ducange). The Ital.
<span class='it'>cozzone</span>, a horse-courser (Florio), is from <span class='it'>coctionem</span>, a later form of <span class='it'>cocionem</span>,
see Diez, 112.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='corsive'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corsive,</span></span> for <span class='it'>corrosive</span>; anything that corrodes, grief, distress. B. Jonson,
Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1. 7; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 14; Drayton, Barons’
Wars, iv. 14. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coresie'>coresie</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cortine,</span></span> a curtain (military term); a plain wall in a fortification; the
wall between two bastions, &amp;c. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.).
F. <span class='it'>courtine</span> (<span class='it'>cortine</span>), a curtain; and (in fortification) the plainness of the
wall between bulwark and bulwark (Cotgr.); in the same sense Ital.
<span class='it'>cortina</span> (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coscinomancy,</span></span> divination by means of a sieve. From Gk. κόσκινον,
a sieve; and suffix <span class='it'>-mancy</span>, as in <span class='it'>necro-mancy</span>, &amp;c. Hence the compound
<span class='it'>necro-puro-geo-hydro-cheiro-coscino-mancy</span>. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3 (Alb.),
where <span class='it'>puro-</span> should be <span class='it'>pyro-</span>. Sometimes the sieve was suspended by
a thread; otherwise, it was used in conjunction with a pair of shears, as
described in Brand, Popular Antiq. iii. 351; cp. Butler, Hudibras, ii, 3.
569.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coshering,</span></span> the right claimed by Irish chiefs of quartering themselves
upon their dependants. Davies, Why Ireland (ed. 1747, 169); feasting,
Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier); also, <span class='it'>coshery</span>, feasting, Stanyhurst tr.
Virgil, Aeneid i, 707. Spenser in his State of Ireland mentions <span class='it'>cosshirh</span>
as one of the customary services claimed by the Irish Lord (ed. Morris.
623). Ir. <span class='it'>cóisir</span>, feasting, entertainment (Dinneen). ‘In modern times
coshering means simply a friendly visit to a neighbour’s house to have
a quiet talk’, Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 240.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cosier;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cozier'>cozier</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cosset,</span></span> a pet lamb. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 42; also <span class='it'>fig.</span> B. Jonson,
Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Mrs. Litt.). In prov. use in Glouc., E. Anglia, and
Kent, meaning a lamb or colt brought up by hand, also, an indulged child,
a pet animal (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cost,</span></span> the rib of a ship. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Cymbal).
L. <span class='it'>costa</span> (navium) (Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cost;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#coast1'>coast</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>costard,</span></span> the head. Applied jocularly to the head, as being like a
very large apple. ME. <span class='it'>costard</span>, an apple; lit. a ‘ribbed’ apple; from OF.
<span class='it'>coste</span>, L. <span class='it'>costa</span>, a rib. Hence <span class='it'>costard-monger</span> or <span class='it'>coster-monger</span>, orig. a seller of
apples. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coste,</span></span> to move beside; to keep up with a hunted animal. Morte
Arthur, leaf 382, back, 19; bk. xviii, c. 19. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coast2'>coast</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cot, cott,</span></span> a little boat. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 9. Many places in Ireland
derive their names from this ‘cot’; see Joyce. Irish Names of Places, i.
226. Still in use in the north of Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Cot, sb.<sup>4</sup>). Irish
<span class='it'>coit</span>, <span class='it'>coite</span>, a small boat, a skiff (Dinneen), Gael. <span class='it'>coit</span>, a kind of canoe used
on rivers (Macleod).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cote1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cote, coat</span></span> (in coursing), of one of two dogs running together: to pass
by its fellow so as to give the hare a turn (NED.); <span class='it'>fig.</span> to pass by, to outstrip.
Hamlet, ii. 2. 330; L. L. L. iv. 3. 87; Chapman, Iliad, xxiii. 324;
<span class='it'>coat</span>, the action of coting, Drayton, Pol. xxiii (ed. 1748, p. 356).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cote,</span></span> to quote. Udall, Paraph. N.T., Pref. (NED.); Middleton, A Mad
World, i.2 (Cour.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cothurnal,</span></span> tragic; ‘Cothurnal buskins’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1
(Tucca). L. <span class='it'>cothurnus</span>; Gk. κόθορνος, a high boot. The <span class='it'>cothurnus</span> was worn
by actors of tragedy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cot-quean'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cot-quean,</span></span> the housewife of a labourer’s hut. Nashe, Almond for
Parrat, 5; a coarse, vulgar, scolding woman, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3
(Jupiter addressing Juno); used contemptuously of a man who acts the
housewife, and busies himself unduly in household matters, Romeo, iv.
4. 9; Addison, Spect. (1712) No. 482; spelt <span class='it'>quot-quean</span>, Beaumont and Fl.,
Love’s Cure, ii. 2. 6; <span class='it'>to play the cotqueane</span>, Heywood, Gunaik. iv. 180 (NED.).
Cp. use of <span class='it'>cot</span> and <span class='it'>molly-cot</span> in Cheshire and Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Cot,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cotswold,</span></span> pronounced <span class='it'>Cotsal</span> in Shaks., Fol. 1, Merry Wives, i. 1. 93;
<span class='it'>a Cotsal man</span>, an athletic man, such as lived in the Cotswold Hills, a district
famous for athletic sports, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 23; <span class='it'>a Cotsold lion</span>, a
humorous expression for a sheep of that country, Udall, Roister Doister
(ed. Arber, 70), iv. 6 (Merygreek). ‘As fierce as a lion of Cotswold, i.e. a
sheep’, Fuller’s Worthies (Bohn’s Proverbs, 204).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cotton:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>this geer</span> (or <span class='it'>gear</span>) <span class='it'>will cotton</span>, this stuff will come to a good
nap, this thing will succeed. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 8 (Thomas);
Middleton, Inner Temple Masque (Second Antimasque).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couch,</span></span> to place, arrange, order. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7,
§ 6; to cause to cower, Lucrece, 507; to place a lance in rest, 1 Hen. VI,
iii. 2. 134.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couch:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to couch a hogshead</span>, to lie down and sleep. (Cant.)
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 84.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couchee,</span></span> an evening court-reception. Dryden, Hind and Panther,
i. 516; ‘The King’s Couchée’, Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 1; the equivalent
of <span class='it'>Le Coucher du Roi</span>, or simply <span class='it'>Le Coucher</span>, the reception which preceded
the king’s going to bed. Cp. Dict. Acad. Fr. 1786 (s.v. Coucher,
s.m.), ‘Il se trouve au lever et au coucher du Roi.’ For the E. form of
the word compare our <span class='it'>levee</span> for F. <span class='it'>lever</span>, ‘réception dans la chambre d’un
roi au moment où il se lève’ (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couch-quail, to play.</span></span> The same as <span class='it'>to couch as a quail</span>; to cower,
crouch down; see Thersytes, 20; Skelton, Speke Parrot, 420. Cp.
Chaucer’s ‘Thou shalt make him couche as dooth a quaille’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1206).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coul,</span></span> to trim the feather of an arrow along the top. Ascham, Toxophilus,
pp. 128, 129, 131, 133. Cp. <span class='it'>cowl</span>, to gather, collect, scrape together,
a north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>could, coud, couth,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, knew, knew how to. Spenser, F. Q. v.
7. 5; Shep. Kal., Jan., 10. (Common). See <span class='bold'><a href='#can3'>can</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couleuvre,</span></span> a snake. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 92. 21; spelt <span class='it'>couleure</span>,
id., lf. 91, back, 19. F. <span class='it'>couleuvre</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>countant,</span></span> accountant; liable to be called upon to give account.
Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>countenance,</span></span> bearing, demeanour, behaviour; authority, favour,
credit; show of politeness. As You Like It, i. 1. 19; Tam. Shrew, i. 1.
234; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 33; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (end). The senses
are variable and elusive.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counter,</span></span> an encounter. Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 207.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counter,</span></span> a counter-tenor voice. Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (3 Clown).
See the context.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='counter3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counter, compter,</span></span> a prison, chiefly for debtors, attached to a city
court; ‘One o’ your city pounds, the counters’, B. Jonson, Every Man,
ii. 1 (Downright). The sheriffs of London had each his compter; one
was in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street, Cheapside. There were
three degrees of rooms for the prisoners: those on the Master’s side (the
best), the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole (for the poorest), Middleton,
Roaring Girl, iii. 3 (Sir Alexander). Those in the Hole were fed from
‘the basket’; see <span class='bold'><a href='#basket'>basket</a>.</span> Note that, according to Gascoigne, there were
<span class='it'>three</span> Counters, the third being in Bread Street. ‘In Woodstreat, Bredstreat,
and in Pultery’, Steel Glas, 791. In Stow’s Survey of London
‘the Compter in the Poultrie’ is mentioned (ed. Thoms, p. 99), and ‘the
Compter in Bread Street’ (ib., p. 131).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counterfeit,</span></span> a likeness, portrait, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 115; Timon, v.
1. 83. Phr. <span class='it'>a pair of counterfeits</span>, used in the sense of vamps, or fore-parts
of the upper leather of a shoe, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 2
(Firk).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counterfesaunce,</span></span> counterfeiting, dissimulation. Spencer, F. Q. i. 8.
49; iv. 4. 27. OF. <span class='it'>contrefaisance</span>, counterfeiting (Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>countermure,</span></span> to wall round, to fence in. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii.
7. 16. F. <span class='it'>contremurer</span>, Ital. ‘<span class='it'>contramurare</span>, to countermure’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counterpoint,</span></span> a counterpane for a bed. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 353.
F. ‘<span class='it'>contrepoinct</span>, a quilt, counterpoint’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Counterpane).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counterscarf,</span></span> a ‘counterscarp’, or outer wall or slope of the ditch,
which supports the covered way of a fort. Heywood, Four Prentises
(Godfrey); vol. ii, p. 242; id. London’s Mirror, fourth Show. F. <span class='it'>contrescarpe</span>
(Rabelais), Ital. <span class='it'>contrascarpa</span>; see Estienne, Préc. 351; <span class='it'>scarpa</span>, slope
of a wall.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>county,</span></span> a count, as a title, Romeo, i. 3. 105; Merch. Venice, i. 2. 48.
(Frequent.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couped,</span></span> cut, cut clean off, with a smooth edge (in heraldry). Butler,
Hudibras, iii. 3. 214. F. <span class='it'>couper</span>, to cut.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coupee,</span></span> a dance step; the dancer rests on one foot, and passes the
other forward or backward, with a sort of salutation. Wycherley, Gent.
Dancing-master, iii. 1; Steele, Tender Husband, iii. 1 (Mrs. Clerimont).
F. <span class='it'>coupé</span>, ‘mouvement par lequel on coupe un espace; (Danse) Pas composé
d’un plié avec changement de pied suivi d’un glissé’ (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cour,</span></span> to cover; <span class='it'>Pt. t.</span>, <span class='it'>courd</span>; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 9. See NED. (s.v.
Cover).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='courant1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>courant,</span></span> a dance with a running or gliding step; a coranto. Etherege,
Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#coranto'>coranto</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>courant, corant,</span></span> an express message; a newspaper. B. Jonson, Magn.
Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Underwoods, lxi. 81. F. <span class='it'>courant</span>, running, a runner;
from <span class='it'>courir</span>, to run.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coursing,</span></span> succession in due ‘course’. Only in the following passage:
‘My Ladye Mary and my Ladye Elizabeth .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. by succession and course are
inheritours to the crowne. Who yf they shulde mary with straungers,
what should ensue God knoweth. But God graunt they never come vnto
<span class='it'>coursyng</span> nor succedynge.’ Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 30).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>courteau;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#curtal'>curtal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>court holy-water,</span></span> a proverbial phrase for flattery, and fine words
without deeds; ‘Court holy-water in a dry house is better than this rainwater
out o’ door’, King Lear, iii. 2. 10; ‘Her unperformed promise was
the first court holy-water which she sprinkled amongst the people’,
Fuller, Ch. Hist. viii. 1. 6; ‘Court-holy-water, <span class='it'>Promissa rei expertia, fumus
aulicus</span>’, Coles, 1699; ‘<span class='it'>Eau beniste de cour</span>, court holy-water, fair words,
flattering speeches’, Cotgrave. See Nares.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'>Also, <span class='bold'>court holy bread;</span> ‘He feeds thee with nothing but court holy
bread, good words’, Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (M. Honeysuckle).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>courtnoll, courtnold,</span></span> a contemptuous term for a courtier. Peele,
Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 516; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 51
From <span class='it'>court</span>, and <span class='it'>noll</span>, the head, hence, a person (<span class='it'>nowl</span> in Shakespeare).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='court-passage'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>court-passage,</span></span> a game at dice. Middleton, Women beware, ii. 2
(Guardiano). See <span class='bold'><a href='#passage'>passage</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coustreling,</span></span> a lad, knave, groom. Only in Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4
(Merygreek). See <span class='bold'><a href='#coistril'>coistril</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>covenable,</span></span> fit, suitable, becoming, of becoming appearance; ‘A sonne
called Philip, a right covenable and gracious man’, Berners, Froissart,
ccclxxix. 635; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 11, § 6. OF. and Prov.
<span class='it'>convenable</span> (<span class='it'>cov-</span>). ME. <span class='it'>covenable</span>, fit, proper, suitable, agreeable (Chaucer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>covent,</span></span> a ‘convent’. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 849; Meas. for M. iv. 3.
133. ME. <span class='it'>covent</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1827). The old form remains in ‘Covent
Garden’. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cuvent</span> (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cover:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>be covered</span>, put on your hat. As You Like It, v. 1. 18;
Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). (There are endless
compliments about wearing a hat in old plays.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>covert:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>under covert-baron</span>, in the condition of a woman who is protected
by her husband. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 2 (Miss N.);
<span class='it'>under covert-barn</span>, under protection, Phoenix, iii. 1 (Falso). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>feme
couverte baroun</span>, for <span class='it'>couverte de baroun</span>, a woman protected by her husband
(Rough List). See Cowell, Interp. (s.v. Coverture).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>covetise,</span></span> covetousness. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle); Kyd, Cornelia,
i. l. 26. ME. <span class='it'>covetyse</span>, ‘avaricia’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>coveitise</span>, cp. Ital.
<span class='it'>cupidigia</span> (Dante).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cowardry,</span></span> cowardice. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 511; <span class='it'>cowardree</span>, Spenser,
Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 986.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cowith,</span></span> the commonest form of Welsh bardic verse, Drayton, Pol. iv.
183 (notes 59 and 67). Wel. <span class='it'>cywydd</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cowl-staff'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cowl-staff, coul-staff, cole-staff,</span></span> a stout pole orig. used for carrying
a ‘cowl’ or tub, esp. a water-tub; ‘Cudgels, colestaves’, Fletcher,
Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio); Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; Select Records
Oxford, 92. <span class='it'>Cowl</span>, for a large tub or barrel, is in prov. use in various parts
of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1 and 2). ME. <span class='it'>cowle</span> (Prompt., in Harl.
MS.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cowshard,</span></span> a piece of cowdung. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 19; ‘<span class='it'>Bouse
de vache</span>, the dung of a cow, a cow-shard’, Cotgrave. In use in Yorks., Lanc.,
Derby., and Wilts. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coxcomb,</span></span> a fool’s cap; lit. <span class='it'>cock’s comb</span>. King Lear, i. 4. 105; also
jocularly, the head, ib. ii. 4. 125.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='coy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coy,</span></span> to render quiet, appease. Palsgrave; to stroke soothingly, to caress,
Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 2; <span class='it'>to coy it</span>, to behave coyly, to affect shyness, Massinger,
New Way, iii. 2. OF. <span class='it'>coi</span>, still, quiet, O. Prov. <span class='it'>quet</span>, ‘coi, tranquille’
(Levy), Romanic type <span class='it'>quetu-</span>, L. <span class='it'>quiētum</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#quoying'>quoying</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coystrel.</span></span> In Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1119, a corrupt form of
‘kestrel’ (a base kind of hawk).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coystril;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#coistril'>coistril</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cozier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cozier, cosier,</span></span> a cobbler. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 97; ‘A cosier or cobler,
<span class='it'>remendón</span>’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. 1599. OF. <span class='it'>cousere</span>, a seamster, one who sews
(Godefroy), <span class='it'>couseör</span>, acc., O. Prov. <span class='it'>cozedor</span>, ‘couturier’ (Levy); deriv. from
<span class='it'>cosere</span>, to sew, Romanic type representing L. <span class='it'>consuere</span>, to sew together; see
Hatzfeld.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>craboun,</span></span> corrupt form of ‘carbine’. ‘Discharge thy craboun’, Return
from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Ingenioso).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>craccus,</span></span> a kind of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Trimtram);
Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia); where ed. 1625
has <span class='it'>cracus</span> (mod. ed. <span class='it'>crocus</span>). NED. suggests that the word means tobacco
of Caraccas, in Venezuela.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='crack1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crack,</span></span> a pert, forward boy. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Induct.
(3 Child); Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Usher). Hence <span class='it'>your crackship</span>,
address to a page, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). <span class='it'>Crack-halter</span>,
playfully ‘a rogue’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 30; Lyly, Mother
Bombie, iii. 4 (Song). Also <span class='it'>crack-hempe</span>, Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 46; and <span class='it'>crack-rope</span>,
‘<span class='it'>Baboin</span>, a crack-rope, wag-halter, unhappie rogue, retchlesse villaine’,
Cotgrave; Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88 (Hazlitt,
iv. 68).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crack,</span></span> to talk big, boast, brag. L. L. L. iv. 3. 268; spelt <span class='it'>crake</span>,
Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 50; Sir Thos. More, i. 2. 29. Hence <span class='it'>cracker</span>, boaster,
King John, ii. 1. 147. The vb. <span class='it'>crack</span> in this sense is in prov. use in Scotland
and in England in the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia. ME.
<span class='it'>crakyn</span>, to boast; ‘<span class='it'>crakere</span>, bost-maker’ (Prompt. EETS. 393).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='crack3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crack,</span></span> to damage, impair. Phr. <span class='it'>cracked within the ring</span>, said of a coin
cracked at the rim; but constantly used with reference to impaired virginity.
Hamlet, ii. 2. 448; Beaumont and Fl., Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo).
The <span class='it'>ring</span> was the inmost circle around the inscription; a piece cracked
<span class='it'>within</span> that ring could be legally refused, and was no longer current.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crackmans,</span></span> a hedge. (Cant.) ‘At the crackmans’, beside the hedge,
B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crag,</span></span> the neck. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 82, Sept., 45. A north-country
word, see EDD. (s.v. Crag, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>craggue,</span></span> a lean, scraggy person. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes,
§ 150.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crake;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#crack1'>crack</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crambe,</span></span> cabbage, in literary use only <span class='it'>fig.</span>, and gen. in reference to the
L. phrase <span class='it'>crambe repetita</span>, cabbage served up again, applied by Juvenal
(Sat. vii. 154) to any tedious repetition. ‘Our Prayers .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. the same
Crambe of words’, Milton, Animadv. ii.; Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici,
last §. Gk. κράμβη, a kind of cabbage.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crambe, crambo,</span></span> a game in which one player gives a word or a line
of a poem to which each of the others has to find a rime; if any one
repeated a previous suggestion he had to pay a forfeit; ‘Crambe, another
of the Divells games’, B. Jonson, Devill an Ass, v. 5; ‘Playing at Crambo
in the waggon’, Pepys, Diary (May 20, 1660).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cramocke,</span></span> a crooked stick. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 6. Corrupt
form of <span class='bold'><a href='#cammock'>cammock</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cramp-ring,</span></span> a ring supposed to be a remedy against cramp, falling
sickness, and the like; esp. one of those which the Kings of England
used to hallow on Good Friday for this purpose. Boorde, Introd. (ed.
Furnivall, p. 121); Berners, Letter in Brand Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1813, l. 129);
Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.); Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 1
(Moth).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cramp-stone,</span></span> the stone in a ‘cramp-ring’. Massinger, The Picture, v. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cranewes,</span></span> pl., embrasures between battlements; crannies, apertures.
‘Cranewes of the walls of the city’; North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 23
(in Shak. Plut., p. 131); id., M. Antonius, § 42 (in Shak. Plut., p. 222).
OF. <span class='it'>creneaux</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>crenel</span>, a battlement, an embrasure, see Estienne,
Préc. 358.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cranion,</span></span> a proper name given to a fly, the charioteer of Queen Mab;
‘Fly Cranion, her charioteer, Upon her coach-box getting’, Drayton,
Nymphidia, st. 17. <span class='it'>Sir Cranion-legs</span>, thin legs, like a fly or spider; B. Jonson,
Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crank,</span></span> lively, brisk, merry; also as <span class='it'>adv.</span>; ‘<span class='it'>Joyeux</span>, as crank as a cock-sparrow’,
Cotgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 46; Middleton, Trick to
Catch the Old One, i. 3 (end); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons,
iii. 1 (Gregory); Sea-Voyage, iv. 3. 2. <span class='it'>Crank</span> is used in this sense in
various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crank, adj.<sup>2</sup>). <span class='it'>Crankly</span>, briskly,
Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 552).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crank,</span></span> a beggar who shams illness. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4.
See Harman, Caveat, p. 51. Du. <span class='it'>krank</span>, ill, sick.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crank,</span></span> to run in a winding course, to twist and turn about. Venus
and Ad. 682; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 98; a winding path, Coriolanus, i. 1. 143;
<span class='it'>cranks</span>, pl. bends, turnings, Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 28; Spenser, F. Q.
vii. 7. 52.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crankle,</span></span> to twist and turn about. Drayton, Pol. vii. 198; xii. 572;
‘<span class='it'>Serpenter</span>, to wriggle, wagle, crankle’, Cotgrave. A Leicestersh. word,
see EDD. (s.v. Crankling).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crapish</span></span> (meaning unknown); ‘Scandalous and crapish’, Otway,
Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (3 W.). Only in this place.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crash,</span></span> a merry bout, a revel. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 2. 5.
See EDD. (s.v. Crash, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cratch,</span></span> a crib, manger; ‘The Coffin of our Christmas Pies in shape
long is in imitation of the Cratch’, Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 33);
‘Cratche for hors or oxen, <span class='it'>creche</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Presepio</span>, a cratch, a rack,
a manger, a crib or a critch’, Florio. In prov. use in various parts of
England, see EDD. (s.v. Cratch sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2). ME. <span class='it'>cracche</span> (<span class='it'>cratche</span>), so
Wyclif, Is. i. 3, and Luke ii. 7. OF. <span class='it'>creche</span>, O. Prov. <span class='it'>crepia</span>, <span class='it'>crepcha</span> (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cratch,</span></span> to scratch; ‘I cratche with my nayles’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>cracche</span>,
to scratch (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2834.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>craze,</span></span> to break, crack, burst. Richard III, iv. 4. 17; ‘Craze bars’,
Heywood, The Fair Maid, iii. 4 (Bess); ‘God will craze their chariot
wheels’, Milton, P. L. xii. 210. Still in use in the west country in the
sense of to ‘crack’, said of glass, china, or church bells (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creak;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cry2'>cry creak</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creancer, creauncer,</span></span> one to whom is entrusted the charge of
another; a guardian; a tutor. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 129, l. 102; id.
Garl. of Laurell, 1226. Deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>creance</span>, belief, trust, Med. L. <span class='it'>credentia</span>,
‘fides data’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creeking;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#kreking'>kreking</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creeple,</span></span> a cripple. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Acts xiv. 8 (1611). ME. <span class='it'>crepel</span>, <span class='it'>crepul</span>
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. 1458). OE. <span class='it'>crēopel</span>, a cripple (B. T., Suppl. s.v. <span class='it'>crypel</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creme,</span></span> chrism, the sacred oil used for anointing kings at coronation;
‘A kynge enoynted with creme’, Morte Arthur, leaf 202. 36; bk. ix, c. 39.
ME. <span class='it'>creme</span>, chrism, OF. <span class='it'>creme</span>, <span class='it'>cresme</span> (mod. <span class='it'>chrême</span>). L. <span class='it'>chrisma</span>, Gk. χρῖσμα,
anointing oil.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cres’,</span></span> a crest. Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 351.
A peculiar form, to rime with <span class='it'>grease</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Crease).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crescive,</span></span> growing. Hen. V, i. 1. 66.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crevis,</span></span> a crayfish. Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118.
‘Crevisse’ is a north-country word (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>crevice</span>, <span class='it'>crevisse</span>, see Hatzfeld
(s.v. Écrevisse).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crib</span></span> (Cant); ‘To fill up the crib and to comfort the quarron’, Brome,
Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Meaning doubtful. Perhaps the same word
as <span class='it'>crib</span>, a manger; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for the stomach as a place for provender.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crimp,</span></span> an obsolete card-game. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Lady L.).
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crinet,</span></span> a hair. Gascoigne, Works, i. 101. Dimin. of F. <span class='it'>crin</span>, hair;
L. <span class='it'>crinis</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cringle-crangle,</span></span> <span class='it'>adj.</span>, winding, curled; ‘Cringle-crangle horns’
(i.e. bugles), Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crippin,</span></span> part of a hood for ladies. Spelt <span class='it'>crepine</span>, <span class='it'>crespine</span>. Lyly, Mydas,
i. 2 (Licio). F. <span class='it'>crespine</span>, ‘the Crepine of a French hood’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crisled, crizzled,</span></span> roughened, shrivelled with cold. Ford, Sun’s
Darling, v. 1 (Winter). In Northampton, water that is slightly frozen is
‘just <span class='it'>crizzled</span> over’, see EDD. (s.v. Crizzle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crispie,</span></span> rippled, rippling; ‘Thy crispie tides’, Kyd, Cornelia,
iv. 2. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croach,</span></span> to grasp, seek after; ‘My life and th’ empire he did croach
and crasse’, Mirror for Mag., Geta, st. 10. Hence, <span class='it'>croacher</span>, a seeker
after. In compound <span class='it'>crowne-croachers</span>, Mirror for Mag., Rudacke, Lennoy,
st. 2. OF. <span class='it'>crocher</span>, to catch with a hook.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croches,</span></span> the ‘buds’ or knobs at the top of a stag’s horn; ‘These
little buddes or broches which are about the toppe are called Croches’,
Turbervile, Hunting, 54; Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 194.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crocheteur,</span></span> a porter. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune,
iii. 2 (Longueville). F. <span class='it'>crocheteur</span>, ‘a porter or common burthen-bearer’;
<span class='it'>crochet</span>, ‘a hook; <span class='it'>le crochet d’un crocheteur</span>, the forke or crooked staffe, used
by a porter’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crock,</span></span> to put by in a crock or pot. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii.
2. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crockling,</span></span> a croaking noise; used of the noise made by cranes.
Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 265.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crofte,</span></span> a crypt; ‘A crofte under the mynster’, Morte Arthur,
leaf 258*, back, 18; bk. xvii, c. 18. Du. <span class='it'>krocht</span>, <span class='it'>krochte</span>. Med. L. <span class='it'>crupta</span>
(Ducange), L. <span class='it'>crypta</span>; Gk. κρυπτή, a crypt, a place of hiding.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croisado,</span></span> a crusade; ‘Your great croisado general’ (i.e. the general
of your great crusade), Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 1200.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crome,</span></span> a long stick with a hook at the end of it; ‘Long cromes’,
Paston Letters, no. 77; vol. i, p. 106 (1872); Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 19.
In prov. use in E. Anglia (EDD.). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>kramme</span>, ‘a hooke, or a grapple’
(Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crone,</span></span> an old ewe. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 4; Gascoigne, Fruites
of Warre, st. 63. An E. Anglian and Essex word, see EDD. (s.v.
Crone, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cronet,</span></span> a coronet. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 48, l. 51.
Also, a part of the armour of a horse; Shirley, Triumph of Peace (Works,
ed. Dyce, vi. 261).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croshabell,</span></span> a courtesan. Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 616, last line;
and in a title, p. 615, col. 1. A Kentish word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croslet, crosslet,</span></span> a crucible. Lyly, Gallathea, ii. 3; B. Jonson,
Alchem., i. 1 (Face). ME. <span class='it'>croslet</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1147). Dimin. of
OF. <span class='it'>crosel</span>, O. Prov. <span class='it'>cruzol</span>, crucible (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross,</span></span> a piece of money; many coins had a cross on one side. As
You Like It, ii. 4. 12; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 257.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross and pile,</span></span> the obverse and reverse side of a coin, head and (or)
tail; hence, sometimes, a coin, money; ‘He had neither cross nor pile’,
Sidney, Disc. Govt. (ed. 1704, p. 362); head or tail, i.e. ‘tossing up’, to
decide anything doubtful; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 2 (Ranger);
Return from Parnassus, ii. 1. 768; A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 8 (Clare).
Anglo-F. ‘jewer (jouer) <span class='it'>a cros a Pil</span>,’ <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1327, see NED. ‘Les pièces
de monnaie portaient une croix sur leur face, d’où l’expression: n’avoir
<span class='it'>ni croix ni pile</span>’ (to have neither cross nor pile), see Jannet, Glossaire,
Rabelais (s.v. Croix).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-bite,</span></span> to bite in return, to cheat. Marston, What you Will,
iii. 2. 279; iii. 3. 129. Hence, <span class='it'>cross-biter</span>, a swindler, Middleton, Your
Five Gallants, ii. 3 (Goldstone).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-lay,</span></span> a cheating wager. Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce,
v. 542.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-point,</span></span> a particular step in dancing. Marston, Insatiate Countess,
i. 1 (Rogers); Greene, King James IV, iv. 3 (Slipper, l. 1638).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-row,</span></span> the alphabet; ‘And from the Crosse-row pluckes the
letter G’, Richard III, i. 1. 55. Short for <span class='it'>Christ-cross-row</span>, so called from
the figure of the cross (<span style='font-size:larger'>✠</span>) formerly prefixed to it. Still in use in Essex,
acc. to EDD. (s.v. Cross, II. (45)). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Christ-cross'>Christ-cross</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-tree,</span></span> the gallows; ‘A cross-tree that never grows’ [because
made of dead wood], Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone); the cross,
Herrick, Noble Numbers, His Anthem to Christ, l. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crotch,</span></span> the fork of the human body, where the legs join the trunk.
Greene, Verses against the Gentlewomen of Sicilia, l. 12; ed. Dyce, p. 316.
An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Crotch, sb.<sup>1</sup>). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>croche</span>,
‘entaillure’ (La Curne).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croteys,</span></span> the dung of hares and rabbits; ‘Of Hares and Coneys, they
are called <span class='it'>Croteys</span>’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37, p. 97. F. <span class='it'>crottes</span>, ‘the
dung, excrements or ordure of Sheep, Conies, Hares, etc.’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crouse, crowse,</span></span> brisk, lively, merry, Drayton, Eclogue vii, 73;
Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (1 Beggar). In common prov. use in Scotland
and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crouse, adj.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crow,</span></span> the well-known bird. In alchemy, at a certain stage of the
work, there would sometimes be an appearance like a crow; it was considered
a very favourable sign; see B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crowchmas,</span></span> the day of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3.
Tusser, § 50. 36; <span class='it'>Crowchemesse Day</span>; Paston Letters, no. 472, end (ii. 132,
1872). ‘At Crowchmesse, <span class='it'>a la saincte Croyx</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>cruche</span>, the
cross of Christ; ‘Crepe to cruche on lange fridai’, Trin. Coll. Hem. 95
(NED.); ‘And meny crouche on hus cloke’, P. Plowman, C. viii. 167;
<span class='it'>cruche</span>, id., B. v. 529; <span class='it'>cros</span>, id., A. vi. 13. We may perhaps compare OF.
<span class='it'>croche</span>, the Picard form of OF. <span class='it'>croce</span>, a crosier; Ch. Rol. 1670; Med. L.
<span class='it'>crocia</span>, <span class='it'>crochia</span>, ‘baculus pastoralis’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crown of the sun,</span></span> a French gold coin. Massinger, Unnat. Combat,
i. 1 (Mont.); ‘<span class='it'>Escu sol</span>, a crown of the sun; the best kind of crown that
is now made’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crowner,</span></span> a coroner. Hamlet, v. 1. 4. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crow-trodden,</span></span> abused, humiliated. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of
the Country, iv. 4 (Rutilio). See NED. (s.v. Crow-tread).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cruddes,</span></span> curds; ‘A messe of cruddes’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 18;
‘Cruddes, <span class='it'>coagulum</span>’, Levins, Manip.; Baret, Alvearie. In prov. use in
Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crud).
<span class='it'>Crud</span> is related to <span class='it'>crowd</span>, to press close, see EDD. (s.v. Crowd, vb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>crudded,</span> reduced to a curd-like mass, Heywood, Silver Age (Cerberus).
ME. <span class='it'>cruddyd</span>, ‘coagulatus’ (Prompt.).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cruddle, crudle,</span></span> to curdle; ‘Cruddled me like cheese’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Job x.
10 (1611); Beaumont and Fl., The False One, iii. 2. 2; King and No
King, i. 1; Marston, Antonia, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). In prov. use in
Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crumenall;</span></span> ‘The fat oxe that wont ligge in the stall, Is now fast
stalled in her (=their) crumenall’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 119. Apparently
in sense ‘purse’ or ‘pouch’ (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crusoile,</span></span> a crucible. Marston, Insatiate Countess, i. 1 (Rogers). OF.
<span class='it'>croisuel</span>. See Hatzfeld (s.v. Creuset).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cruzado, crusado,</span></span> the name of a Portuguese gold coin, of variable
value. Othello, iii. 4. 26; White Devil (Vittoria), ed. Dyce, p. 23. So
called from the cross on one side of it.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cry:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>a cry of hounds</span>, a pack of hounds. Webster, Devil’s Law-case,
ii. 1 (Sanitonella). Hence <span class='it'>cry</span>, a pack (of hounds), Mids. Night’s D.
iv. 1. 128; <span class='it'>cry of curs</span>, pack of curs, Cor. iii. 3. 120. <span class='it'>Without all cry</span>, beyond
all description, Chapman, Blind Beggar, p. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cry2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cry creak,</span></span> to confess oneself beaten or in error; to give up the contest,
to give in. Thersites, 100 (ed. Pollard, Misc. Plays); Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 47. 2; T. Watson, Centuries of Love, i (ed. Arber, 37); Damon
and Pithias, Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88; ‘<span class='it'>Palinodiam canere</span>, to turne taile, to
cry creake’, Withal, Dict. (ed. 1634).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cucking'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cucking-stool,</span></span> an engine for the punishment of scolds, by ducking
them in the water. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Quarlous); Butler,
Hudibras, ii. 2. 740. See Cowell, Interpreter, 1637; Brand, Pop. Antiq.
(ed. 1877, p. 641).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cuckquean'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cuckquean,</span></span> a female cuckold. Golding, tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 606
(Latin text); ed. 1603. Spelt <span class='it'>cockqueene</span>; Warner, Albion’s England,
bk. i, ch. 4, st. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cuck-stool,</span></span> an old punishment for scolds; the offender was fastened
in a kind of chair, and exposed to be jeered at, or was ducked in water.
Also called a <span class='bold'><a href='#cucking'>cucking-stool</a>,</span> q.v. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1 (Petronius),
Middleton, Fam. of Love, v. 1 (Glister).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cucurbite,</span></span> a kind of retort used in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1
(Face). Shaped like a gourd, L. <span class='it'>cucurbita</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cudden,</span></span> a born fool, dolt. Dryden, Cymon, 179; Sir Martin Mar-all,
v. 3. Wycherley, Gentl. Dancing-master, iv. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cue'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cue,</span></span> a small portion. ‘A cue of bread and a cue of beer’, Middleton,
The Black Book (near the end). ‘<span class='it'>Cue</span>, halfe a farthing, so called because
they set down in the Battling or Butterie Books the letter <span class='it'>q</span> for half
a farthing,’ Minsheu; ‘Not worthe a cue’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 36;
‘Worth ii. kues,’ id., Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 232. <span class='it'>Q.</span> for L. <span class='it'>quadrans</span>,
the smallest coin. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cee'>cee</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cuerpo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cuerpo, in,</span></span> in hose and doublet, without a cloak; stripped of the
upper garment so as to display the body. Ben Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2
(Tipto); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1. 26. Span. <span class='it'>en cuerpo</span>, having
nothing on but the shirt; <span class='it'>cuerpo</span>, body. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cullisen'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cullisen, cullison,</span></span> ignorant pronunciations of cognisance. B. Jonson.
Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Sogliardo); a badge, id., Case is altered, iv. 4
(Onion). See NED. (s.v. Cullisance).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cully,</span></span> a dupe, a simpleton. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 781; Otway,
Cheats of Scapin, i. 1 (Scapin). [To make a fool of, to take in, Pope, Wife
of Bath, 161.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>culm,</span></span> summit; ‘On giddy top and culm’, Misfortunes of Arthur, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 313. G. <span class='it'>kulm</span>, a mountain-top; L. <span class='it'>culmen</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>culme,</span></span> soot, smut. Golding, Metam. ii. 232; fol. 18, bk. (1603); as
adj. sooty, black, id. vii. 529; fol. 86, bk. The same word as <span class='it'>coom</span>, coal-dust,
soot, dirt,’ in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various parts of
England, see EDD. (s.v. Coom, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>culme</span> (<span class='it'>colme</span>), ‘fuligo’ (Prompt.
EETS., see note, no. 477).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>culver-down,</span></span> dove’s down. Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1 (Epire).
OE. <span class='it'>culfre</span>, a dove.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curats,</span></span> a piece of armour for the body, a cuirass; ‘He casts away his
curats and his shield’, Harington, Orl. Fur.; spelt <span class='it'>curets</span>, Chapman, Iliad
iii, 343. Treated as pl., with a sing. <span class='it'>curat</span>, Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 34. Cp. Ital.
<span class='it'>corazza</span>, a cuirass (Florio). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curber,</span></span> a thief who hooks things through a window; an angler.
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). From <span class='it'>curb</span>, a cant word for a hook,
see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curiosity,</span></span> nicety, fastidiousness, excessive, scrupulousness. Massinger,
City Madam, i. 1 (Tradewell); ‘Concerning the enterring of her .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
I pray you let the same be performed without all curiositie and superstition’,
Holland’s Plutarch, Morals, 533 (Bible Word-Book).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curiousness,</span></span> punctilious scrupulousness. Massinger, Parl. of Love,
i. 4 (Chamont); Unnat. Combat, iii. 4 (Beauf. Junior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curry,</span></span> a ‘quarry’, i.e. slaughtered game. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi.
145, 693. OF. <span class='it'>cuiree</span>, intestines of a slain animal; the part given to the
hounds, so called because wrapped in the skin (<span class='it'>cuir</span>); O. Prov. <span class='it'>corada</span>,
‘entrailles’ (Levy). See NED. (s.v. Quarry, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='curry-favell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curry-favell,</span></span> one who solicits favour by flattery. Puttenham, <span class='it'>Eng.
Poesie</span>, iii. 24 (ed. Arber, 299); ‘Curryfavell, a flatterer, <span class='it'>estrille faveau</span>’,
Palsgrave; altered to <span class='it'>curry-favour</span>, ‘A number of prodigal currie favours’,
Holinshed, Chron. ii. 144 (NED.); <span class='it'>Curriedow</span>, a curry-favour or flatterer,
Phillips. In earlier English ‘Favel’ occurs as the proper name of a
fallow-coloured horse. The fallow horse was proverbial as the type of
hypocrisy and duplicity, with reference to the ‘equus pallidus’ of Apoc.
vi. 8, which was explained as representing the hypocrites who gain a
reputation for sanctity by the ascetic pallor of their faces (see Rom. Rose,
7391-8). With the phrase ‘to curry favel’ cp. OF. <span class='it'>estriller</span>, <span class='it'>torcher Fauvel</span>,
adopted in German: <span class='it'>den fahlen Hengst streichen</span>. See NED. (s.v. Favel) for
origin, and see <span class='bold'><a href='#Favell'>Favell</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cursen'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cursen,</span></span> Christian; ‘As I am a cursen man’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus,
iv. 6 (Carter); ‘By my Cursen soule’, Brome, Sparagus Gard. iii. 7;
‘We be Cursenfolke’, id. iv. 5; <span class='it'>cursen name</span>, Christian name, Mrs. Behn,
Feign’d Curtizan, i. 2; to christen, baptize; <span class='it'>cursen’d</span>, pp. christened,
Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan). For the pronunciation, see
EDD. (s.v. Christen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curst,</span></span> cross, ill-tempered. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 185; Beaumont and Fl.,
Philaster, ii. 3 (Arethusa). In prov. use in the north and in the
W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Curst, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='curtal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curtal,</span></span> having a docked tail; ‘Curtal dog’, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 114;
said of a horse, All’s Well, ii. 3. 65. ‘Docke your horse tayle, and make
hym a courtault’, Palsgrave; in form <span class='it'>courteau</span>, a horse with a docked tail,
used as a term of derision, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Anaides).
OF. <span class='it'>courtaut</span>, ‘écourté’ (Hatzfeld); <span class='it'>courtault</span>, ‘cheval ou chien de courte
taille. On appelait aussi <span class='it'>courtault</span> le chien ou le cheval qui avait la queue
coupée’ (Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curtana,</span></span> the sword of mercy, a pointless sword, carried before our
kings at a coronation. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 419. See Ducange,
s.v. The name of the legendary sword of ‘Ogier le Danois’ was
<span class='it'>Courtain</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cushes,</span></span> ‘cuisses’, pieces, of armour protecting the thighs. 1 Hen. IV,
iv. 1. 105 (1596); Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, v. 1. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cushion:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to miss the cushion</span>, to make a mistake. Lit. to sit down
amiss. ‘Whan he weneth to syt, Yet may he mysse the quysshon’, Skelton,
Colyn Cloute, 998; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 24.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cushion-cloth,</span></span> a cushion-case or cover. Middleton, Women beware
Women, iii. 1 (Bianca); <span class='it'>cusshencloth</span>, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 475.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>custard-politic,</span></span> a large custard prepared for the Lord Mayor’s feast.
B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Lick.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>customer,</span></span> a custom-house officer, ‘publicanus’. Udall, Erasmus’s
Paraph. on Mark, ii. 22; Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato). In use
in this sense in Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cut1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut,</span></span> a lot; he who drew the shortest (or rarely, the longest) of some
pieces of stick or paper drew the lot. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels,
Induction (2 Child, and 3 Child). ME. <span class='it'>cut</span>, lot (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 845).
Probably unconnected with the vb. ‘to cut’, see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut,</span></span> a dog or horse with a cut or docked tail; hence, a term of abuse
applied to a man. ‘Call me cut’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 203 (cp. ‘call me
horse’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215); London Prodigal, ii. 4. 41. <span class='it'>Cut</span>, a common
horse, Merry Devil, i. 3. 141; Dauncaster <span class='it'>cuttys</span>, Doncaster nags, Skelton,
Magnyfycence, 296. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cut4'>cut and longtail</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cut3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to keep cut</span>, to be coy, to be on one’s best behaviour; ‘Phyllyp,
kepe youre cut’, Skelton, P. Sparowe, 119; ‘To keep cut with his
mother’, i.e. to be coy like her, to follow her example, Middleton, More
Dissemblers, i. 4 (Dondolo). See NED. (s.v. Cut, sb.<sup>2</sup> 34).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cut4'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut and longtail,</span></span> dogs or horses (or men) of every kind; i.e. those
that are docked and those whose tails are allowed to grow. Merry Wives,
iii. 4. 44; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 68.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut bene whids,</span></span> to speak good words, speak fair. (Cant.) Fletcher,
Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See Harman, Caveat, p. 84.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut over,</span></span> to pass straight across; ‘Caligula lying in Fraunce .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
intended to cutte over, and invade Englande’, Gosson, School of Abuse,
p. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutchy,</span></span> a ‘coach-y’; a driver of a coach; ‘Make thee [a] poor Cutchy’
(cp. <span class='it'>coach</span> in the preceding line), Return from Parnassus, iii. 4 (Furor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cute,</span></span> a cur; ‘Some yelping Cute’, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 340; explained
by ‘a cur’ in the margin. It is probably merely a variant of <span class='it'>cut</span>, a short-tailed
dog; see <span class='bold'><a href='#cut4'>cut and longtail</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutted,</span></span> abrupt, snappish, sharp in reply. Middleton, Women beware,
iii. 1. 4. Used in this sense in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutter,</span></span> a cut-throat, bully, bravo. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several
Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory). Hence, title of the play by Cowley, The Cutter
of Coleman Street. With a quibble upon <span class='it'>cutting</span>, Middleton, Mayor of
Queenborough, ii. 3 (Simon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutting,</span></span> swaggering. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 (516); scene 5. 19
(W.); p. 159, col. 1 (D.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutting,</span></span> cheating. Marston, Dutch Courtesan, ii. 3 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutwork,</span></span> open work in linen, cut out by hand. Gascoigne, Steel
Glas, 777 (ed. Arber, p. 71); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 2 (Lopez).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cymar'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cymar,</span></span> a loose light garment for women. Dryden, Virgil, Aeneid iv,
196; Cymon, 100. See <span class='bold'><a href='#symarr'>symarr</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cynarctomachy,</span></span> a word invented by Butler (Hudibras, i. 1. 752) to
signify a battle between a bear and dogs. Gk. κύων, a dog, ἄρκτος, a bear,
μάχη, a fight.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cypers grass,</span></span> the sweet cyperus or galingale. Chapman, tr. of
Odyssey iv. 802. GK. κύπειρον, a sweet-smelling marsh-plant (Od. iv. 603).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='cypress'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cypress,</span></span> a textile fabric, esp. a light transparent material resembling
cobweb lawn or crape; when black much used for mourning. Twelfth
Nt. iii. 1. 131; <span class='it'>cypress lawn</span>, Milton, Penseroso, 35. Probably fr. OF.
<span class='it'>Cipre</span>, the island of Cyprus.</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='D'>D</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dabbing down,</span></span> hanging down like wet clothes, in a dabbled state.
Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 359.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dade,</span></span> to walk with tottering steps, to toddle, like an infant learning
to walk. Drayton, Pol. i. 295; xiv. 289. Still in use in Leicestersh. and
Warwicksh. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dædale,</span></span> ingenious, skilful. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; also, variously
adorned (cp. daedala tellus, Lucret. i. 7), id., iv. 10. 45. L. <span class='it'>daedalus</span>,
Gk. δαίδαλος, skilful.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daff,</span></span> to put off, put aside. A variant of <span class='it'>doff</span>, to do off, put off. 1 Hen. IV,
iv. 1. 96; and elsewhere in Shakespeare.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daff,</span></span> a simpleton; a coward; ‘(The Bishop of Llandaff) answers, The
<span class='it'>daffe</span> is here, but the <span class='it'>land</span> is gone’, Harrison, Descr. England, bk. ii, ch. ii
(ed. Furnivall, 58). In prov. use in both senses in Yorks. (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>daf</span>: ‘I sal been halde a daf, a cokenay’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4208).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daffysh,</span></span> foolish. Morte Arthur, leaf 205. 10; bk. ix, c. 13. In prov.
use in Derbysh., Warwicksh., and W. Midlands in the sense of sheepish
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dag,</span></span> a small pistol; ‘This gun? a dag?’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s
Cure, ii. 2 (Lucio); Arden of Fev. iii. 6. 9; ‘<span class='it'>Pistolet</span>, a pistolet, a dag, or
little pistol’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dagonet,</span></span> a foolish young knight. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ginet).
Sir Dagonet was a foolish knight in the court of Arthur; see 2 Hen. IV,
iii. 2. 300: ‘Sir Dagonet in Arthur’s show’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dagswain, daggeswane,</span></span> a rough coverlet. Skelton, Magnyfycence,
2195. ME. <span class='it'>daggeswayn</span>, ‘lodex’ (Prompt. EETS., see note,
no. 528).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dain,</span></span> disdain; hence, ignominy; ‘A deepe daine’, Lyly, Sappho,
v. 1; ‘dennes of daine’, Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. 31. Cp. F. <span class='it'>dain</span>,
dainty, fine, curious (Cotgr.). (The word in England seems to have
developed a subst. meaning of ‘squeamishness’, ‘stand-offishness’.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dain,</span></span> to disdain. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Venus); iii. (Medea).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dalliance,</span></span> hesitation, delay. 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 5; Virgin-Martyr, iv. 1
(Sapritius). See Dict. (s.v. Dally).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>damassin,</span></span> damson. Bacon, Essay 46. F. <span class='it'>damaisine</span>, ‘a Damascene,
or damson plumb’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>damnify,</span></span> to injure. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 52; ii. 6. 3. Common in this
sense in East Anglia and America (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>damps,</span></span> dumps, fits of melancholy. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 118.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dandiprat,</span></span> a small coin worth 3 halfpence, first coined by Henry VII
(of unknown origin). Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito).
Also, a dwarf, page; applied to Cupid (!) in Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i.
p. 41 (ed. Arber); as also in Shirley, Arcadia, i. 3 (Dametas).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>danger:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to be in</span> (or <span class='it'>within</span>) <span class='it'>one’s danger</span>, to be in one’s debt, or
under an obligation, or in one’s power, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, i. 2
(Charalois); cp. Merch. Venice, iv. 1. 180; King John, iv. 8. 84. In ME.
<span class='it'>in daunger</span>, within a person’s jurisdiction, under his control, at his disposal
(Chaucer). OF. <span class='it'>dangier</span>, the absolute authority of a feudal lord
(Godefroy), Romanic type <span class='it'>domniarium</span>, deriv. of L. <span class='it'>dominus</span> (Hatzfeld).
See Trench, Select Glossary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dansk,</span></span> Danish. Webster, White Devil (Giovanni), ed. Dyce, p. 13.
Also used to mean Denmark, Drayton, Polyolb. bk. xi. Dan. <span class='it'>Dansk</span>, Danish.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dant,</span></span> a worthless, talkative woman. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 515.
Du. <span class='it'>dante</span>, or <span class='it'>dantelorie</span>, ‘a base babling woman’; <span class='it'>danten</span>, ‘to bable’
(Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dappard,</span></span> dapper. Triumphs of Love and Fortune, iv. 1 (Lentulo); in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 198.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daps,</span></span> pl. habits, ways, peculiarities. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 447.
See EDD. (s.v. Dap, sb. 11).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darby,</span></span> money. (Cant.) ‘The ready, the darby’, Shadwell, Squire of
Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). Prob. with reference to <span class='it'>Darby</span>, a money-lender;
see below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Darby'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Darby’s bands,</span></span> supposed to have orig. meant a very strict bond
exacted by some usurer of that name; see NED. (Later it meant fetters.)
‘If all be too little, both goods and lands, I know not what will please
you, except Darby’s bands’, Marriage of Wit and Science (licensed in
1569-70), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 362; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 787
(ed. 1576).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dare1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dare,</span></span> to terrify, paralyse with fear. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s
Tragedy, iv. 1 (Evadne); <span class='it'>to dare larks</span>, to daze them in order to catch
them, Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 282; ‘Never hobby so dared a lark’, Burton,
Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896, iii. 390). In prov. use in various parts of England,
see EDD. (s.v. Dare, vb.<sup>2</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dare,</span></span> to injure, hurt. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 406; Tusser, Husbandry,
8. In prov. use in the north of England and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v.
Dare, vb.<sup>3</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>derian</span>, to hurt, deriv. of <span class='it'>daru</span>, hurt.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darkling,</span></span> in the dark. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 86; King Lear, i.
4. 237.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='darkmans'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darkmans,</span></span> a cant term for night. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Trapdoor); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darnex carpet,</span></span> a Dornick carpet. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, v. 1
(Jaques). ‘Dornick’ is the Flemish name of Tournay.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darraigne battle,</span></span> to set the battle in array. Heywood, Sallust’s
Jugurtha, 20; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 40; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 72; ‘To darraine
a triple warre’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 26. ME. <span class='it'>darreyne the bataille</span>, to fight
out the battle, to bring it to a decisive issue (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1631).
‘Darraigne’ is really a law-term, Anglo-F. <span class='it'>darreiner</span>, <span class='it'>dereiner</span>, to answer
an accusation, to exculpate oneself (Rough List); Med. L. <span class='it'>disrationare</span>
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darreine,</span></span> brazen; ‘The Darreine Tower’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv
(Neptune); vol. iii, p. 55; (4 Beldam), p. 61; also called ‘the tower of
Darreine’ (4 lines higher). The reference is to the brazen tower in which
Danae was enclosed. F. <span class='it'>d’arain</span>, of brass (Cotgr.). (‘Darrain’ occurs
nine times in Caxton, Hist. of Troye, with reference to the same story;
the phrase <span class='it'>tour of darrain</span> is on leaf 62.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dart, Irish,</span></span> a dart frequently carried by an Irish running footman.
Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daunt,</span></span> to bring into subjection, subdue, tame; ‘It daunts whole
kingdoms and cities’, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2 (NED.); to daze, stupefy,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18. In prov. use in the sense of ‘to tame’, also, in
E. Anglia, ‘to stun, knock down’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>daunten</span>, to tame (P. Plowman,
B. xv. 393. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>daunter</span> (Bozon). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daunted down,</span></span> beaten down, subdued. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy,
Third Song, st. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daw,</span></span> a (supposed) foolish bird; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a foolish person. 1 Hen. VI, ii.
4. 18; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 48. So used in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Daw,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daw,</span></span> to frighten, subdue. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#adaw'>adaw</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daw,</span></span> to arouse, awaken. Drayton, Pol. vi. 112. So used in the north
country, see EDD. (s.v. Daw, vb. 2); a trans. use of ME. <span class='it'>dawen</span>, <span class='it'>dawyn</span>,
‘auroro’ (Prompt.), OE. <span class='it'>dagian</span>, to become day.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daw up,</span></span> to cheer up, revive. Greene, James IV, v. 1 (Lady A.).
See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>day-bed,</span></span> a couch, sofa. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Fletcher, Rule a Wife,
i. 6 (Estifania); iii. 1 (Margarita).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dayesman, daysman,</span></span> a judge, an umpire. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Job ix. 33;
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 28; ‘Daysman, <span class='it'>arbitre</span>’, Palsgrave; New Custom,
i. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dead'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dead pay,</span></span> pay continued to a dead soldier, taken by dishonest officers
for themselves. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deane,</span></span> ‘din’, noise. Golding, Metam. xii. 316 (L. <span class='it'>fremitu</span>); fol. 147
(1603). ‘Dean’ is an E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>dene</span>, noise (P. Plowman),
a dialect form of <span class='it'>dyne</span> (ib.), OE. <span class='it'>dyne</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deane,</span></span> a strong, offensive smell; ‘The breath of Lions hath a very
strong deane and stinking smell’, Holland, Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 53. In
prov. use in Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Dain). OE. *<span class='it'>déan</span>, corresponding to Icel.
<span class='it'>daunn</span>, a smell, esp. a bad smell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deare,</span></span> harm; see <span class='bold'><a href='#dere'>dere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dearne, dearnful, dearnly;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dern'>dern, dernful, dernly</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>debate,</span></span> to combat, fight. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 6; Lucrece, 1421.
F. <span class='it'>debatre</span>, ‘to debate, contend’, (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>debel,</span></span> to conquer in war, defeat. Milton, P. R. iv. 605; Warner,
Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 8, st. 53. L. <span class='it'>delellare</span> (Virgil).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>debenter,</span></span> a voucher given in the Exchequer certifying to the recipient
the sum due to him, a ‘debenture’. Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 77. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deboshed,</span></span> debased, corrupted, ‘debauched’. Temp. iii. 2. 29; King
Lear, i. 4. 263; vilified, All’s Well, v. 3. 208; deboshtly, licentiously, Heywood,
Dialogue 4 (Works, vi. 173); ‘<span class='it'>Desbaucher</span>, to debosh’, Cotgrave. In
use in Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decard,</span></span> to ‘discard’, throw away a card, in a card-game; ‘Can you
decard?’, Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Phylocles).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decimo sexto,</span></span> a term applied to a small book, in which each leaf is
one-sixteenth of the whole sheet of paper; hence, <span class='it'>fig.</span>, a diminutive person
or thing; ‘My dancing braggart in decimo sexto’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, i. 1. (Mercury); ‘One bound up in decimo sexto’, Massinger, Maid
of Honour, ii. 2 (Sylli). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deck,</span></span> a pack of cards. 3 Hen. VI, v. i. 44; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce,
p. 339); ‘Pride deales the Deck, whilst Chance doth choose the Card’,
Barnfield, Sheph. Content, viii (NED.). See Nares. In prov. use in
various parts of England, also in Ireland and America (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decline,</span></span> to turn aside, to swerve. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ps. cxix. 157; to turn a person
aside from, to divert, Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, iii. 1; Massinger,
Maid of Honour, i. 1 (Roberto); to undervalue, disparage, depreciate,
Shirley, Cardinal, ii. 1 (Alphonso); id., Brothers, i. 1; to subdue, ‘How
to decline their wives and curb their manners’, Beaumont and Fl., Rule
a Wife, ii. 4 (Estifania).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decrew,</span></span> to decrease. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 18. OF. <span class='it'>decreu</span>, F. <span class='it'>décrû</span>, pp.
of <span class='it'>decrestre</span> (<span class='it'>décroître</span>), to decrease.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decus,</span></span> a crown-piece. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior).
A slang term; from the L. words <span class='it'>decus et tutamen</span>, engraved upon the rim.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deduce,</span></span> to deduct. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Sir Moth). L. <span class='it'>deducere</span>,
to lead away, withdraw.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deduct,</span></span> to reduce. Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Gnotho). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deduction,</span></span> a leading forth of a colony. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi.
455; used as a synonym for ‘dismission’ (i.e. dismissal), id., xix. 423, 427.
L. <span class='it'>deductio</span>, a leading forth of a colony, deriv. of <span class='it'>deducere</span>, to lead forth,
conduct a colony to a place.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deduit,</span></span> diversion, enjoyment, pleasure. <span class='it'>Deduytes</span>, pleasures, Caxton,
Hist. Troye, leaf 27. 18. ME. <span class='it'>deduit</span>, pleasure (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2177), OF.
<span class='it'>deduit</span> (Bartsch), <span class='it'>deduyt</span> (Rabelais), Med. L. <span class='it'>deductus</span>, ‘animi oblectatio’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defail,</span></span> to defeat, cause to fail. Machin, Dumb Knight, i (Epire); in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. Only found here in this sense.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defalcate,</span></span> curtailed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 10, § 1. Med. L.
<span class='it'>defalcare</span>, ‘deducere, subtrahere’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defalk,</span></span> to cut off, deduct; ‘I defalke, I demynysshe, I cutte awaye’,
Palsgrave. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defame,</span></span> dishonour. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 316); Fletcher,
Prophetess, i. 1 (Aurelia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defeature,</span></span> defeat, ruin. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 17; disfigurement,
Com. Errors, ii. 1. 98; ii. 5. 299.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defend,</span></span> to forbid. Much Ado, ii. 1. 98; Marl., Massacre at Paris ii. 5
(Navarre); Milton, P. L. xi. 86; Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 19. F. <span class='it'>défendre</span>, to
forbid.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>define,</span></span> to decide, settle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deform,</span></span> unsightly, ugly. Milton, P. L. ii. 706. Lat. <span class='it'>deformis</span>, unsightly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defoul, defoil,</span></span> to dishonour. Morte Arthur, leaf 39. 1; bk. ii, c. 1;
lf. 71. 28; bk. iv, c. 18. F. <span class='it'>defouler</span>, to tread or trample on (Cotgr.);
associated in meaning with the E. adj. <span class='it'>foul</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defy,</span></span> to reject, disdain, despise. Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 75; Hamlet, v. 2.
230. OF. <span class='it'>desfier</span>, O. Prov. <span class='it'>desfiar</span>, <span class='it'>desfizar</span> ‘désavouer, répudier’ (Levy).
Med. L. <span class='it'>diffidare</span> (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Defy, vb.<sup>1</sup> 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='de'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>de gambo,</span></span> a ‘viol-de-gambo’. Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iv. 2
(Antonio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#viol-de-gamboys'>viol-de-gamboys</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>degender,</span></span> to degenerate. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 2; Hymn of Heavenly
Love, 94.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>degree,</span></span> a step, stair; round of a ladder. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 26; Massinger,
Roman Actor, iii. 2. 21. F. <span class='it'>degré</span>, ‘a stair, step, greese’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dehort,</span></span> to dissuade. Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 106; Davenant,
The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). L. <span class='it'>dehortari</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delate,</span></span> to accuse. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca). <span class='it'>Delated</span>, fully
or expressly stated (or conveyed), Hamlet, i. 2. 38. Med. L. <span class='it'>delatare</span>, to
indict, accuse (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delay,</span></span> to temper, assuage, quench. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30; iii. 12.
42; Prothalamion, 3; to dilute, ‘She can drink a cup of wine not delayed
with water’, Davenport, City Nightcap, 1 (Dorothea); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
xiii. 114. OF. (Norm.) <span class='it'>desleier</span>, to unbind, soften by steeping, Romanic
type <span class='it'>disligare</span>, to unbend; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delewine, deal-wine,</span></span> an unidentified wine; supposed to have been
a Rhenish wine. B. Jonson, Mercury Vindicated (Mercury’s second
speech); Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1; where Sir T. Bornwell says—‘Where
<span class='it'>deal</span> and <span class='it'>backrag</span> [Bacharach] and what <span class='it'>strange wine else</span>’, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delibate,</span></span> to taste, to taste a little of. Marmion, The Antiquary, iii. 1
(Duke). L. <span class='it'>delibare</span>, to taste slightly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delice,</span></span> delight, pleasure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 28; iv. 10. 6. F. <span class='it'>délices</span>, pl,
L. <span class='it'>deliciae</span>, delights.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delirement,</span></span> a crazy fancy, delusion. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii
(Amphitrio); vol. iii, p. 107; id., Dialogue 4; vol. vi, p. 179. F. <span class='it'>délirement</span>;
L. <span class='it'>deliramentum</span>, madness.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deliver,</span></span> active, nimble, agile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 12,
§ last; ‘Delyver of ones Gunnes as they that prove mastryes, <span class='it'>souple</span>.
Delyver redy quicke to do anythyng, <span class='it'>agile</span>, <span class='it'>delivré</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>deliver</span>,
quick, active (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 84). OF. <span class='it'>delivre</span>, <span class='it'>deslivre</span>, prompt, alert,
O. Prov. <span class='it'>deliure</span>, ‘libre, délivré; alerte; non chargé; en parlant d’une bête’;
see Levy. Med. L. <span class='it'>deliberare</span>, ‘liberare, redimere’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dell,</span></span> a virgin, a wench. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg).
See Harman, Caveat, p. 75.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deluvye,</span></span> the deluge. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 273, back, 30. L.
<span class='it'>diluvium</span>, the deluge (Vulgate).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='demain'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demain,</span></span> demesne, domain. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 103;
<span class='it'>demeanes</span>, pl., Romeo, iii. 5. 182 (1592). ME. <span class='it'>demayn</span>, a possession (Trevisa),
see NED. (s.v. Demesne, 3); OF. <span class='it'>demeine</span>, Med. L. ‘<span class='it'>dominicum</span> quod
ad dominum spectat’ (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#payne'>payne mayne</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demean</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> behaviour, demeanour; ‘Another Damsell .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. modest of
demayne’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 40; treatment (of others), id. vi. 6. 18.
See Dict. (s.v. Demean (1)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demeans,</span></span> means of subsistence. Massinger, Picture, i. 1. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demerit,</span></span> merit; in a good sense. Coriolanus, i. 1. 276; Othello, i. 2.
2; Shirley, Humorous Courtier, ii. 2 (Duchess).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demi-culverin,</span></span> a kind of cannon, with a bore of about 4 inches. B.
Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iii. 1 (Bobadil).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demi-footcloth,</span></span> a demi-housing, or short housing; see <span class='bold'><a href='#footcloth'>footcloth</a>.</span>
Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demiss,</span></span> humble, abject. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 135. L.
<span class='it'>demissus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>democcuana,</span></span> not explained; perhaps, a kind of mixed drink; see
<span class='bold'><a href='#stiponie'>stiponie</a>.</span> Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir Frederick).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Demogorgon,</span></span> the name of one of the Spirits of the Abyss. Milton,
P. L. ii. 965; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; co-ruler with Beelzebub, in Marlowe
Faustus, iii. 18; the patron of alchemists, Howell, Instructions for Forraine
Travell (Arber’s ed., p. 81). Demogorgon is an important character in
Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound. Late L. <span class='it'>Demogorgon</span>, (1) the name of a
terrible deity invoked in magic rites, (2) the primordial God of ancient
mythology. Probably a corruption of Gk. δημιουργός, the Maker of the
World, the Fabricator, in the Neo-Platonic philosophy opp. to κτίστης, the
Creator. By popular etymology this δημιουργός was associated with the
Greek words δαίμων, a demon, and Γοργώ, the Gorgon, i.e. the Grim One
(γοργός). See Stanford, and NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dempt,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> ‘deemed’, adjudged. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 55; Shep. Kal.,
Aug., 137.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demulce,</span></span> to mollify. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 1. L.
<span class='it'>demulcere</span>, to stroke down.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>denay,</span></span> to deny. Greene, Alphonsus, iii (Medea); ed. Dyce, 237; denial,
Twelfth Nt. ii. 4. 127. Norm. F. <span class='it'>deneier</span>, ‘refuser, rejeter’ (Moisy), L. <span class='it'>denegare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>denier,</span></span> a French coin, the twelfth of a sou. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 91;
Richard III, i. 2. 252. OF. <span class='it'>denier</span>, L. <span class='it'>denarius</span>. The <span class='it'>denarius</span> was a Roman
silver coin of the value of ten ‘asses’ (about eightpence of modern English
money). When our accounts were kept in Latin, the term <span class='it'>denarius</span> was
used for our ‘penny’, and abbreviated <span class='it'>d.</span>; hence the <span class='it'>d</span> in our <span class='it'>£. s. d.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>depaint,</span></span> to depict. Sackville, Induction, st. 58; B. Googe, Popish
Kingdom, bk. i, fol. 10, l. 5. ME. <span class='it'>depeynten</span> (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>depart,</span></span> to separate; formerly in the Marriage Service, but altered at
the Savoy Conference into ‘till death us do part’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 14.
ME. <span class='it'>departe</span>, to separate (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1134).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>depart,</span></span> departure. Two Gent. v. 4. 96; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 20. F.
<span class='it'>départ</span>, departure.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dependence,</span></span> a quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’, or awaiting
settlement, according to the laws of the duello. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass,
iv. 1 (Fitz.); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 5 (Sanchio). <span class='it'>Masters of Dependencies</span>,
needy bravoes, who undertook to regulate duels between the inexperienced,
Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 1 (Bertoldo); Fletcher, Elder
Brother, v. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deprave,</span></span> erroneously used for <span class='it'>deprive</span>. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce,
pp. 499, 511; Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deprehend,</span></span> to detect, perceive. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10,
§ last but 4; Bacon, Sylva, § 98. L. <span class='it'>deprehendere</span>, to seize.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Derby’s bands;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Darby'>Darby’s bands</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dere,</span></span> to harm. Barclay, Mirror Good Manners (NED.); Palsgrave;
spelt <span class='it'>deare</span>, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, iii. 139; to annoy, trouble, grieve. Caxton,
Reynard (ed. Arber, 106); harm, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 48. ME. <span class='it'>deren</span>,
to harm, injure (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 651); to grieve (Cursor M. 7377);
OE. <span class='it'>derian</span>, to injure, annoy (Sweet). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dare1'>dare</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dern'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dern,</span></span> dark, solitary, wild. Pericles, iii, Prol. 15; King Lear, iii. 7. 63;
dark, dire; ‘Queene Elizabeth died, a dearne day to England’, Leigh,
Drumme Devot. 35 (NED.); ‘Dearne, <span class='it'>dirus</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. In prov.
use in the north country in the sense of dark, obscure, secret; also, dreary,
solitary, see EDD. (s.v. Dern, adj.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2). OE. (Anglian) <span class='it'>derne</span>, (WS.)
<span class='it'>dyrne</span>, <span class='it'>dierne</span>, secret, dark (BT. Suppl. s.v. Dirne).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>dernful,</span> dreary, Spenser, Mourning Muse, 90.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>dernly, dearnly,</span> mournfully, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 85; sternly, id., iii.
1. 14; iii. 12. 34.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>derrick,</span></span> a hangman; hanging; the gallows; ‘Derrick must be his
host’, Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 11; ‘Deric .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. is with us abusively used for
a Hangman because one of that name was not long since a famed executioner
at Tiburn’, Blount, Glossogr.; ‘I would there were a Derick to
hang up him’, Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins (ed. Arber, 17). Du. <span class='it'>Dierryk</span>,
<span class='it'>Diederik</span>, Theoderic.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>derring do,</span></span> daring action or feats, desperate courage; ‘A derring
doe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 65, and Dec, 43; F. Q. ii. 4. 42. [In
imitation of Spenser, Sir. W. Scott has the phrase ‘a deed of derring-do’
(Ivanhoe, ch. 29).] Hence, <span class='it'>derring-doer</span>, F. Q. iv. 2. 38. Spenser’s
‘derring doe’ is due to a misunderstanding of a construction in Chaucer’s
Tr. and Cr. v. 837, where ‘in dorryng don’ means ‘in daring to do’
(what belongeth to a Knight). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>descovenable,</span></span> unbefitting. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 15, back, 12.
Spelt <span class='it'>discouenable</span>, Game of the Chesse, bk. ii, c. 5 (p. 70 of Axon’s reprint).
OF. <span class='it'>descovenable</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>descrive,</span></span> to describe. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; vi. 12. 21. OF.
<span class='it'>descrivre</span>. L. <span class='it'>describere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dese,</span></span> a ‘dais’, a raised table in a hall at which distinguished persons
sat at feasts; ‘The hye dese’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 175. ME. <span class='it'>dese</span>
(Will. Palerne, 4564), <span class='it'>dees</span> (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1360, 1658). Norm. F.
<span class='it'>deis</span> (Moisy), Med. L. <span class='it'>discus</span>, a table (cp. G. <span class='it'>Tisch</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>design,</span></span> to indicate, show. Richard II, i. 1. 203; Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>despoiled,</span></span> partially stripped; as in playing at the palm-play. Surrey,
Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>desroy,</span></span> to ‘disarray’, disorder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 33. 26;
<span class='it'>desray</span>, id., lf. 188. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>detort,</span></span> to twist aside, to wrest. Dryden, Pref. to Religio Laici, § 4.
L. <span class='it'>detort-us</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>de-torquere</span>, to twist aside.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>detract,</span></span> to draw apart, pull asunder. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce,
p. 515; to hold back, keep oneself in the background, Greene, James IV,
i. 1 (Ateukin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Deu guin!,</span></span> a Welsh exclamation; app. for <span class='it'>Duw gwyn!</span>, lit. ‘Blessed God’.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#Du'>Du cat-a whee</a>.</span> Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deuse a vyle,</span></span> the country. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Song); ‘<span class='it'>dewse a vyle</span>, the countrey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Rom-vile'>Rom-vile</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devant,</span></span> front of the dress; ‘Perfume my devant’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, v. 2 (Mercury). F. <span class='it'>devant</span>, before.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dever,</span></span> to ‘endeavour’; ‘<span class='it'>I dever</span>, I applye my mynde to do a thing’,
Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deviceful,</span></span> full of devices, ingenious, curious. Spenser, F. Q. v. 3. 3;
Teares of the Muses, 385.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devoir,</span></span> duty. Spelt <span class='it'>devoyre</span>; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; <span class='it'>deuoyr</span>,
endeavour; Greene, Alphonsus, Prol. (near the end); <span class='it'>dever</span>, Sternhold
and Hopkins, Ps. xxii. 26. F. <span class='it'>devoir</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devolve,</span></span> to overturn, overthrow. Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius);
Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, v. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devotion,</span></span> an offering made as an act of worship; a gift given in
charity, alms; ‘Then shal the Churche wardens .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. gather the devocion
of the people’, Bk. Com. Pr., Communion, 1552 (‘the alms for the
poor, and other devotions of the people’, 1662); Middleton, No Wit
like a Woman’s, ii. 2 (L. Twilight); <span class='it'>devotions</span>, objects of religious worship;
‘I beheld your devotions’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Acts xvii. 23 (‘the objects of your
worship’, R. V.); ‘Dametas .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. swearing by no meane devotions’, Sidney,
Arcadia (ed. 1598, p. 282). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devow,</span></span> to devote. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Practice); Holland’s
Ammianus Marcellinus (Nares). F. <span class='it'>dévouer</span>, to devote.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dewle;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#dole2'>dole</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dewtry,</span></span> ‘datura’; hence, a drug made from the datura or thornapple,
a powerful narcotic. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 321; spelt <span class='it'>deutroa</span>,
Sir T. Herbert, Travels (ed. 1677, p. 337). Marathi, <span class='it'>dhutrā</span>; Skt. <span class='it'>dhattūra</span>.
See Stanford (s.v. Datura).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diacodion,</span></span> an opiate syrup prepared from poppy-heads. Bulleyn,
Dial. against Pestilence (EETS.), p. 51, l. 20; Congreve, Love for Love,
iii. 4 (Scandal.). L. <span class='it'>diacodion</span> (Pliny). <span class='it'>Dia</span> is a prefix set before medicinal
confections that were devised by the Greeks. Gk. διὰ κωδειῶν (a preparation)
made from poppy-heads.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diametral,</span></span> diametrically opposite. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1. 7.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diapasm,</span></span> a scented powder for sprinkling over the person. B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. διάπασμα, from διαπάσσειν, to sprinkle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diapred,</span></span> adorned with a ‘diaper’ pattern; ‘And diapred lyke the
discolored mead’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 51.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dicacity,</span></span> raillery, sarcasm. Heywood, Dialogue 4, vol. vi, p. 185.
Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>dicax</span>, sarcastic.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dich:</span></span> in phr. ‘Much good dich thy good heart’, Timon, i. 2. 73; ‘Much
good do’t thy good heart’, Dekker, Satiro-mastix (Works, i. 204); ‘Much
good do’t yee’ (riming with ‘sit yee’), ib., i. 214; ‘Much good do it you’
(vulgarly pronounced and phonetically spelt <span class='it'>mychgoditio</span> (Salesbury in
1550), quoted by Ellis in his Early English Pronunciation, p. 744, note 2.
So it is clear that <span class='it'>dich you</span> stands for <span class='it'>d’it you</span> = <span class='it'>do it you</span>. See further in Notes
on Eng. Etym., pp. 67-9. Cp. phrase in use in Cheshire and Lancashire,
‘Much good deet you’, see EDD. (s.v. Do, subj. mood, § 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dicion,</span></span> a dominion, kingdom. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 40;
Augustus, § 6. L. <span class='it'>dicio</span>, dominion, sovereignty.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dickens, the,</span></span> (in exclamations) the deuce! the devil! Merry Wives,
iii. 2. 20; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. 1, p. 40.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dicker,</span></span> half a score; esp. of hides or skins; ‘A dicker of cow-hides’,
Heywood; First Part of King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 39; The Marriage
Night, ii. 1 (Latchet); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 131. ME. <span class='it'>diker</span> (NED.), L.
<span class='it'>decuria</span>, a set of ten; from <span class='it'>decem</span>, ten. This Latin word was adopted by the
German tribes from ancient times. They had to pay tribute to the Romans
partly in skins, reckoned in <span class='it'>decuriae</span> (NED.). See Schade (s.v. Decher).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='didapper'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>didapper,</span></span> a diving bird; humorously, a mistress. Shirley, Gent. of
Venice, iii 4. 8. See <span class='bold'><a href='#divedopper'>divedopper</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Diego'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Diego,</span></span> a common name for a Spaniard. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 3
(Face); iv. 4 (Subtle). Allusions are often made to a Spaniard so named
who committed an indecency in St. Paul’s Cathedral, as in Middleton,
Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). Span. <span class='it'>Diégo</span>, the proper name <span class='it'>James</span>,
gradually corrupted from <span class='it'>Jacobus</span>, whence <span class='it'>Yágo</span>, then <span class='it'>Diágo</span>, and at last
<span class='it'>Diégo</span> (Stevens). James was the patron saint of Spain. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Dondego'>Dondego</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diery,</span></span> harmful; ‘With dreadful <span class='it'>diery</span> dent Of wrathful warre’, Mirror
for Mag., Guidericus, st. 12; Carassus, st. 26. See <span class='bold'><a href='#dere'>dere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>difficile,</span></span> difficult. Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 53; spelt <span class='it'>dyfficyle</span>, Caxton,
Hist. Troye, leaf 311, back, 14. F. <span class='it'>difficile</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diffide in,</span></span> distrust. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, xi. 636; Congreve,
Old Bachelor, v. 1 (Bellmour). L. <span class='it'>diffidere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diffused,</span></span> dispersed, scattered. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 4; v. 11. 47; confused,
disordered, distracted, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 54; Hen. V, v. 2. 61.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diggon,</span></span> enough. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Jenkin); iii. 5 (Jenkin).
In both places the word is used by a Welshman; and in Shirley’s Wedding,
iii. 2, Lodam gives, as a specimen of Welsh—<span class='it'>diggon a camrag</span> (for <span class='it'>digon
o Cymraig</span>), i.e. ‘enough of Welsh.’ Welsh <span class='it'>digon</span>, enough.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dight,</span></span> to prepare. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 24; as <span class='it'>pp.</span>, arrayed, decked,
Shep. Kal., April, 29; prepared, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 522);
framed, Sackville, Induction, st. 55. ‘To dight’ is in prov. use in Scotland
and the north of England in the sense of ‘to prepare’, also, ‘to adorn, deck
oneself’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>dihten</span>, to prepare, array, equip (Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>dihtan</span>,
to appoint, order.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>digladiation,</span></span> a fencing contest, hand-to-hand fight; <span class='it'>fig.</span> disputation,
wrangling. Pattenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 17 (ed. Arber, p. 52). B. Jonson,
Discoveries, cxl. Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>digladiari</span>, to fight for life and death (Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dildo,</span></span> ‘a word of obscure origin, occurring in the refrains of ballads,’
NED. In Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dill,</span></span> a sweetheart; a cant term; the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#dell'>dell</a>.</span> Middleton, Span.
Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dilling,</span></span> a darling, a well-beloved; ‘Vespasian the dilling of his time’,
Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896) iii. 27; the youngest, and therefore the
best-beloved child, Drayton, Pol. ii. 115. The word is in common prov.
use for the youngest child, also, the least and weakest of a brood or litter
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dimble,</span></span> a dingle, a deep dell. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken);
Drayton, Pol. ii. 190. Allied to <span class='it'>dimple</span>, <span class='it'>dingle</span>. Still in use in the Midlands,
see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dint,</span></span> to strike. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 31; a stroke, blow, id. i. 7. 47.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dipsas,</span></span> a snake whose bite was said to produce extreme thirst. Milton,
P. L. x. 526; Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2. 1. Gk. δίψας, causing thirst;
from δίφα, thirst.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dirige,</span></span> a ‘dirge’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 5). ME. <span class='it'>dirige</span>
(<span class='it'>dyryge</span>) ‘offyce for dedeman’ (Prompt.). L. <span class='it'>dirige</span>: this word begins the
antiphon, ‘Dirige, Dominus meus, in conspectu tuo vitam meam’, used
in the first nocturn at mattins in the Office for the Dead; see Way’s note
in Prompt., and Notes to Piers Plowman, C. iv. 467.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dirk,</span></span> to darken, to obscure; ‘Thy wast bignes .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. dirks the beauty
of my blossomes rownd’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 134. See EDD. (s.v.
Dark, 8). ME. <span class='it'>derhyn</span>, or make <span class='it'>derk</span>, ‘obscuro, obtenebro’ (Prompt.
EETS., 137).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='disable'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disable,</span></span> to disparage. As You Like It, iv. 1. 34; Heywood, Eng.
Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); Fletcher, Island Princess, iv. 3 (Armusia);
spelt <span class='it'>dishable</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disadventure,</span></span> misfortune. <span class='it'>Dissaventures</span>, pl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 45.
ME. <span class='it'>disaventure</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 415).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disappointed,</span></span> unequipped, unprepared. Hamlet, i. 5. 77.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disceptation,</span></span> a discussion, debate. Spelt <span class='it'>desceptations</span>, pl.; Heywood,
Dialogue 18; vol. vi. p. 248. L. <span class='it'>disceptatio</span> (Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discide,</span></span> to cut or cleave in twain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 27. L. <span class='it'>discidere</span>,
to cut in twain.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disclose,</span></span> to hatch. Hamlet, v. 1. 310; Massinger, Maid of Honour,
i. 2 (Camiòla); the act of disclosing, the incubation, Hamlet, iii. 1. 175.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discoloured,</span></span> of various colours, variegated. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, v. 2 (Crites); v. 3 (Cupid); Beaumont, Masque of the Inner
Temple, l. 10; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 160. L. <span class='it'>discolor</span>, of different
colours.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discommodity,</span></span> a disadvantage. Bacon, Essay 33.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discourse,</span></span> faculty of reasoning, logical power; ‘discourse and reason’
(i.e. logic and reason), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, ii. 1 (Malef. jun.);
‘Discourse of reason’, reasoning faculty, Hamlet, i. 2. 150.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discourse,</span></span> course of combat, mode of fighting. Beaumont and Fl.,
King and No King, ii. 1 (Gob.); Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 14. L. <span class='it'>discursus</span>,
a running to and fro.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discretion,</span></span> disjunction, separation of parts, dissolution. Butler,
Hudibras, ii. 1. 204. L. <span class='it'>discretio</span> (Vulgate, Heb. v. 14 = διάκρισις).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discure,</span></span> to discover. Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 18. ME. <span class='it'>discure</span>, to
discover (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 549).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discuss,</span></span> to shake off. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 48; to disperse, scatter;
Lyly, Woman in the Moon, ii. 1. 21. ME. <span class='it'>discusse</span>, to drive away (Chaucer,
Boethius); see NED. L. <span class='it'>discutere</span> (pp. <span class='it'>discussus</span>), to drive away.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disease,</span></span> discomfort, inconvenience. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 19; v. 7. 26.
ME. <span class='it'>disese</span>, inconvenience, distress (Chaucer); ‘A greet diseese’ (Wyclif,
Luke xxi. 23). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>desaise</span>, trouble (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disease,</span></span> to trouble, inconvenience; ‘Why diseasest thou the master’,
Tyndal, Mark v. 35; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 32; Middleton, The Witch,
iv. 2 (Isabella); to disturb, Chapman tr. Iliad, x. 45. See Trench, Sel. Gl.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disembogue,</span></span> <span class='it'>trans.</span>, to empty out. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii.
562; to drive out, eject; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page). Also
in form <span class='it'>disimboque</span>, Hakluyt, Voyages, i. 104. Span. <span class='it'>desembocar</span>, to come
out of the mouth of a river.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disentrail,</span></span> to draw forth from the entrails or inward parts. Spenser,
F. Q. iv. 3. 28; iv. 6. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disgest,</span></span> to digest. Coriolanus, i. 1. 154; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 179 (in
old edd.). In general prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dishable;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#disable'>disable</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disheir,</span></span> to deprive of an heir. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 705.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disinteressed,</span></span> disinterested. Dryden, Religio Laici, 335. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#interessed'>interessed</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disleal,</span></span> disloyal. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 5. See Dict. (s.v. Leal).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dislike</span></span> (only in the 3rd pers.), to displease, annoy; ‘Ile do’t, but it
dislikes me’, Othello, ii. 3. 49; Middleton, Women beware, iii. 1
(Leantio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disloignd,</span></span> distant, remote. Spencer, F. Q. iv. 10. 24. OF. <span class='it'>desloignier</span>,
to remove to a distance. O. Prov. <span class='it'>deslonhar</span>, ‘éloigner, écarter’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dismay,</span></span> to terrify; ‘I dismaye, I put a person in fere or drede, <span class='it'>je
desmaye</span> and <span class='it'>je esmaye</span>’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 4; to defeat by
a sudden onslaught, id. v. 2. 8; vi. 10. 13. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dismayd,</span></span> <span class='it'>dis-made</span>, mis-made, ill-formed. F. Q. ii. 11. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disme,</span></span> a dime, a tithe, tenth. Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 19. OF. <span class='it'>disme</span>, a
tenth; see Ducange (s.v. Decimae). L. <span class='it'>decima</span>, a tenth part.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispace,</span></span> to range, to move or walk about. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat,
295; Muiopotmos, 250. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>spaziare</span>, to walk about (Fanfani).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disparage,</span></span> inequality of rank in marriage; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 50.
ME. <span class='it'>disparage</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 908). Norm. F. <span class='it'>desparager</span>, mésallier;
<span class='it'>desparagement</span>, mésalliance, union inégale (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disparent,</span></span> unequal, odd; with reference to the number five. ‘A
disparent pentacle’, i.e. a pentacle with an odd number of angles, Hero
and Leander, iii. 123; ‘The odd disparent number’, i.e. the odd number
of five, id. v. 323.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='disparkle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disparkle,</span></span> to scatter abroad, disperse (<span class='it'>trans.</span> and <span class='it'>intr.</span>); ‘<span class='it'>Esparpiller</span>,
to scatter, disperse, disparkle’, Cotgrave; ‘It disparcleth the mist’,
Holland, Pliny, ii. 45; ‘Not suffering his radiations to disparcle abrode’
Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78); see Nares. An altered form
of the earlier <span class='it'>disparple</span>, see NED. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sparkle'>sparkle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disparple, disperple,</span></span> to scatter abroad, disperse. Chapman, tr.
Odyssey, x. 473; <span class='it'>dispurple</span>, Heywood, Silver Age, iii (Wks. iii. 144).
ME. <span class='it'>disparple</span> (Wyclif, Mark xiv. 27); see Dict. M. and S. OF. <span class='it'>desparpelier</span>;
for etym. from *<span class='it'>parpalio</span>, a Romanic form of L. <span class='it'>papilio</span>, a butterfly (as in
Ital. <span class='it'>parpaglione</span>, O. Prov. <span class='it'>parpalho</span>); see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispense,</span></span> liberal expenditure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 42; v. 11. 45.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispergement,</span></span> ‘disparagement’, indignity. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. ii, c. 12, § 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>display,</span></span> to discover, get sight of, descry. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 76;
Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 74; xvii. 90; xxii. 280. See NED. (s.v.
Display, vb. 9).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disple,</span></span> to subject to the ‘discipline’ of the scourge, to scourge; ‘Bitter
Penance with an yron whip Was wont him once to disple every day’,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27. In monastic Latin <span class='it'>disciplina</span> = (1) a penitential
whipping, (2) the instrument of punishment itself; see Ducange (s.v.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispose,</span></span> disposal; disposition. Two Gent. ii. 7. 86; Tr. and Cr. ii. 3.
174; Othello, i. 3. 403.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disposed,</span></span> inclined to merriment; in a merry mood. L. L. L. ii. 1.
250; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4 (Lady H.); Custom of
the Country, i. 1. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispunct,</span></span> impolite, discourteous, the reverse of punctilious; ‘Let’s
be retrograde. <span class='it'>Amorphus.</span> Stay. That were dispunct to the ladies’, B.
Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disqueat,</span></span> to disquiet, trouble. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 5,
st. 39. See <span class='bold'><a href='#queat'>queat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disseat,</span></span> to unseat. Macbeth, v. 3. 21; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 85.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disseise,</span></span> to dispossess. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; vii. 7. 48. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>disseisir</span> (Rough List). A compound of OF. <span class='it'>seisir</span> (<span class='it'>saisir</span>), to put into possession,
Frankish L. <span class='it'>sacire</span>; of Germanic origin—<span class='it'>satjan</span> (OHG. <span class='it'>sazjan</span>), to
set, place; see NED. (s.v. Seize). Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>sagire</span>, to put in full and quiet
possession, namely of lands (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dissident,</span></span> differing, different. Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, pp.
66, 130. L. <span class='it'>dissidens</span>, differing, disagreeing.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dissite,</span></span> situated apart, remote. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, vii. 270. L.
<span class='it'>dissitus</span>, situated part.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dissolve,</span></span> to solve; ‘Dissolve this doubtful riddle’, Massinger, Duke
of Milan, iv. 3 (Sforza); <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Daniel v. 16. [‘Thou hadst not between
death and birth Dissolved the riddle of the earth’, Tennyson, Two
Voices, 170.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='distance'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distance,</span></span> disagreement, estrangement. Macbeth, iii. 1. 115; ‘Distances
between his lady and him’, Pepys, Diary, Sept. 11, 1666. ME.
<span class='it'>destance</span>, difference (Gower, C. A. iii. 611). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>destance</span>, dispute,
disagreement (Gower, Mirour, 4957). See <span class='bold'><a href='#staunce'>staunce</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distaste,</span></span> to have no taste for, to dislike, King Lear, i. 3. 14; to offend
the taste, Othello, iii. 3. 327.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distempered,</span></span> not temperate. Drayton, Pol. i. 4; disturbed in temper,
humour, King John, iv. 3. 21; disordered physically, Sonnet, 153;
mentally disordered, Milton, P. L. iv. 807; Massinger, Duke of Milan,
i. 1. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distract,</span></span> torn or drawn asunder; torn to pieces. Sh., Lover’s Complaint,
231; perplexed by having the thoughts drawn in different directions,
Milton, Samson Ag. 1556; deranged in mind, Julius C., iv. 3. 155;
Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 212. L. <span class='it'>distractus</span>, drawn asunder, distracted.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distreyn,</span></span> to vex, distress. Sackville, Induction, st. 14; Surrey,
The Lover comforteth himself, 2; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 14. F. <span class='it'>destreindre</span>,
‘to straine, presse, vexe extremely’ (Cotgr.); L. <span class='it'>distringere</span>, to draw
asunder.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disyellow,</span></span> to free from jaundice. Warner, Albion’s England; bk. ii,
ch. 10, st. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dit, ditt,</span></span> a poetical composition, a ditty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 13.
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ditch-constable,</span></span> a term of contempt. Middleton, A Mad World,
v. 2 (Follywit).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dite,</span></span> to winnow corn. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 498. Hence <span class='it'>diter</span>, one
who ‘dites’, id., v. 499. In common use in this sense in Scotland and
the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dight, 6).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diurnal,</span></span> a journal, newspaper. Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 268; Tatler,
no. 204, § 4. L. <span class='it'>diurnalis</span>, daily; from <span class='it'>dies</span>, day.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='divedopper'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>divedopper,</span></span> a small diving water-fowl. Drayton, Man in the Moon,
188. See <span class='bold'><a href='#didapper'>didapper</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diverse,</span></span> to turn aside; ‘The Redcrosse Knight diverst’, Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 3. 62. Only found here in this sense.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diversivolent,</span></span> of variable will, changeable. Webster, White Devil
(Lawyer), ed. Dyce, p. 20; (Flamineo), p. 25. A word coined by Webster.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diversory,</span></span> a place to which one turns in by the way. Chapman, tr.
Odyssey, xiv. 538. L. <span class='it'>diversorium</span>, an inn, freq. in Vulgate, cp. Luke ii. 7;
xxii. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>divine,</span></span> to render divine, to canonize. Spenser, Daphn., 214; Ruins of
Time, 611; Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 191.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>divulst,</span></span> torn apart. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1. 4. L. <span class='it'>diuulsus</span>, pp.
of <span class='it'>diuellere</span>, to pluck asunder.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dizen,</span></span> to put flax on a distaff; ‘I dysyn a dystaffe, I put the flaxe upon
it to spynne’, Palsgrave; to dress, attire, ‘bedizen’; ‘Come, Doll, Doll,
dizen me’, Beaumont and Fl., M. Thomas, iv. 6. 3. In common use in the
north country in the sense of ‘to dress showily’ (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v.
Distaff).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dizling,</span></span> (perhaps) making dizzy, confusing; ‘His torch with dizling
smoke Was dim’, Golding, Metam. x. 6 (L. ‘Fax .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. lacrymoso stridula
fumo’).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dizzard, dizard,</span></span> a blockhead, foolish fellow. Brewer, Lingua, iii. 1
(end). A Yorkshire word; cp. ‘dizzy’, used in the north country in the
sense of ‘foolish, stupid, half-witted’; OE. <span class='it'>dysig</span> (Matt. vi. 26, ‘stultus’).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>do,</span></span> to cause; ‘The villany .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Which some hath put to shame, and
many done be dead’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 29; phr. <span class='it'>I cannot do withal</span>, I cannot
help it, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (Sir Oliver); ‘I could not do withal’
Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72. ME. <span class='it'>doon</span>, <span class='it'>do</span>, to cause (Chaucer, freq.).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>do way!</span> forbear! Surrey, A Song, 21; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 219.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dob-chick,</span></span> a dab-chick, a small diving bird, <span class='it'>Podiceps minor</span>. Drayton,
Pol. xxv. 80; spelt <span class='it'>dop-chick</span>, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 686. ‘Dob-chick’
is in common prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>docket,</span></span> the fleshy part of an animal’s tail. Greene, James IV, i. 2
(Slip). Dimin. of <span class='it'>dock</span>, in the same sense. See NED. (s.v. Dock, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doctor,</span></span> a false die; loaded so as to fall only in two or three ways. A
slang term; a ‘doctored die’, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum);
Cibber, Woman’s Wit, i (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dodder'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dodder,</span></span> to tremble or shake from frailty; ‘Dodder grasses .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. so called
because with the least puff or blast of wind it doth as it were dodder and
tremble’, Minsheu, Ductor.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doddered:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>doddered oak</span>, decayed with age; ‘Dodder’d oak’, Dryden,
tr. Persius, Sat. v. 80; Virgil, Past. ix. 9; ‘Doddered oaks’, Palamon
and Arc., iii. 905; Pope, Odyssey, xx. 200. ‘Doddered’ is in prov. use in
the north country in the sense of old, decayed, trembling: ‘A <span class='it'>doddered</span> old
man’, see EDD. s.v. Dother, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (1)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dodkin,</span></span> a little doit; a coin of very small value. Lyly, Mother Bombie,
ii. 2 (end). Du. <span class='it'>duytken</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>duyt</span>, a doit (Hexham). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doff,</span></span> a repulse, a ‘put off’. Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 276.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dog,</span></span> to follow after; ‘To dog the fashion’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of
Humour, iv. 6 (Macilente).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dogbolt,</span></span> a contemptible fellow, mean wretch. Fletcher, Span. Curate,
ii. 2 (Lopez); Wit without Money, iii. 1. 32. As adj., worthless, base,
Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 40. The orig. sense was (probably) a crossbow-bolt,
only fit for shooting at a dog; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dog-leach,</span></span> a dog-doctor; a term of reproach. Fletcher, Mad Lover,
iii. 2 (Memnon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doily,</span></span> the name of a cheap stuff. Dryden, Kind Keeper, iv. 1; ‘doily
stuff’, Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iv. 4 (Lady Fanciful). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dole,</span></span> portion in life; ‘Happy man be his dole’ (i.e. may happiness be
his portion), Merry Wives, iii. 4. 68; Butler, Hud., pt. i, c. 3. 638.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dole2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dole, dool,</span></span> grief, mourning, lamentation. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb.,
155; F. Q. iv. 8. 3. Spelt <span class='it'>dewle</span>, Sackville, Induction, st. 14. In prov. use
in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dole, sb.<sup>2</sup>). OF. <span class='it'>dol</span>,
<span class='it'>deul</span>, sorrow; see Bartsch (s.v. Duel). See <span class='bold'><a href='#duill'>duill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dole</span></span> (landmark); see <span class='bold'><a href='#dool1'>dool</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dolent,</span></span> a sorrowing one, a sufferer. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 82. L. <span class='it'>dolens</span>, grieving.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doly,</span></span> doleful, sad; ‘In doly season’, Wounds of Civil War, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 170; ‘This dolye chaunce’, Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 57). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dole2'>dole</a></span> (grief).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>domineer,</span></span> to revel, feast; to live like a lord. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 226;
B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 1. 76 (Downright).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dommerar'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dommerar, dummerer,</span></span> a begging vagabond who feigns to be dumb.
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 9. See Harman, Caveat, p. 57; ‘Dummerers,
Abraham men’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896), i. 409.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Dondego'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dondego,</span></span> a Spaniard; short for ‘Don Diego’. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt
(Brett), ed. Dyce, p. 198. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Diego'>Diego</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>done, donne,</span></span> to do. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; vi. 10. 32. ME. <span class='it'>doon</span>,
<span class='it'>don</span>, to do; <span class='it'>done</span>, <span class='it'>doon</span>, ger. (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>dōn</span>, to do.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='donny'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>donny,</span></span> somewhat ‘dun’, or brownish. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400.
See NED. (s.v. Dunny, adj.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>donzel, donsel,</span></span> a squire, a page, youth. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4.
20; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). Ital. <span class='it'>donzello</span>, ‘a damosell,
page, squire, serving-man’ (Florio). Med. L. <span class='it'>domicellus</span>, <span class='it'>domnicellus</span>
(Ducange); dimin. of L. <span class='it'>dominus</span>, lord. See Dict. (s.v. Damsel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dool1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dool, dole, dowle,</span></span> a boundary-mark; ‘With dowles and ditches’,
Golding, Metam. i. 136; fol. 3 (1603); ‘They pullid uppe the doolis’,
Paston Letters, i. 58. Low G. <span class='it'>dōle</span>, <span class='it'>dōl</span>, a boundary-mark (Koolman). ‘Dool’
is in common prov. use in this sense in the north country, see EDD. (s.v.
Dool, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dool;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dole2'>dole</a></span> (grief).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>door:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to keep the door</span>, to be a pandar. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel,
iv. 4 (Trimtram). <span class='it'>Door-keeper</span>, a bawd; id., The Black Book, ed. Dyce,
vol. iv, p. 525.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dop,</span></span> a dip, duck, low bow. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites);
to dip, duck, dive, bob; Dryden, Epilogue to the Unhappy Favourite, 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dop,</span></span> to baptize. God’s Promises, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 318. Du.
<span class='it'>doopen</span>, to dip, baptize (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dopper, doper,</span></span> a (Dutch) Anabaptist; ‘This is a <span class='it'>dopper</span> (old ed. <span class='it'>doper</span>),
a she Anabaptist’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Register); News
from the New World (Factor). Du. <span class='it'>dooper</span>, a dipper, baptizer (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dor,</span></span> scoff, mockery. Phr. <span class='it'>to give the dor</span>, to make game of, B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2; <span class='it'>to receive the dor</span>, to be marked, Beaumont and Fl.,
Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 29. Icel. <span class='it'>dār</span>, scoff.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dor,</span></span> to make game of, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iv. 1. 15.
Icel. <span class='it'>dāra</span> to mock, make sport of.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dorado,</span></span> name of a species of fish; ‘The <span class='it'>Dorado</span>, which the English
confound with the Dolphin, is much like a Salmon’, J. Davies, tr.
Mandelslo (ed. 1669, iii. 196); a wealthy person, ‘A troop of these
ignorant Doradoes’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. ii, § 1. Span. <span class='it'>dorado</span>,
‘a fish called a Dory, or Gilt head, an enemy to the Flying Fish’ (Stevens);
<span class='it'>dorar</span>, to gild; L. <span class='it'>deaurare</span>. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dorp,</span></span> a village. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 238, 298; Dryden, Hind and
Panther, iii. 6. 11. Du. <span class='it'>dorp</span>, a village. See Dict. (s.v. Thorp).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dorre,</span></span> applied to species of bees or flies; a bumble-bee; a drone-bee;
<span class='it'>fig.</span> a drone, a lazy idler; ‘Gentlemen which cannot be content to live
idle themselfes, lyke dorres’, Robynson, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 38).
OE. <span class='it'>dora</span>, ‘atticus’ (Epinal Gl., 119); cp. ‘Adticus, feld beo, dora’ in
Cleopatra Glosses (Voc. 351. 22). See NED. (s.v. Dor, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dorser;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dosser'>dosser</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dortour,</span></span> a sleeping room, bedchamber. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 24.
ME. <span class='it'>dortour</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1855). Norm. F. <span class='it'>dortur</span> (Moisy), OF. <span class='it'>dortoir</span>,
Monastic L. <span class='it'>dormitorium</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dosser'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dosser,</span></span> a basket, pannier. Merry Devil, i. 3. 142; Jonson, Staple of
News, ii. [4.] (Almanac); spelt <span class='it'>dorser</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Night-Walker,
i. 1 (Lurcher). An E. Anglian word for a pannier slung over a horse’s
back (EDD). ME. <span class='it'>dosser</span>, a basket to carry on the back (Chaucer, Hous F.
1940). F. <span class='it'>dossier</span>, ‘partie d’une hotte qui s’appuie sur le dos de celui qui
la porte’ (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dotes,</span></span> endowments, good qualities. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 2
(Cler.); Underwoods, c. 25. L. <span class='it'>dotes</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>dos</span>, an endowment.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dottrel, dotterel,</span></span> a pollarded tree; also used attrib.; ‘Old dotterel
trees’, Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 137); ‘A long-set
dottrel’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 465. ‘Dotterel’ is used in this
sense near Oxford, and in the south Midlands (EDD).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>double reader,</span></span> a lawyer who is going through a second course of
reading; ‘I am a bencher, and now double reader’, B. Jonson, Magnetic
Lady, iv. 1 (Practice); ‘Men came to be <span class='it'>single readers</span> at 15 or 16 years
standing in the House [Inn of Court] and <span class='it'>read double</span> about 7 years afterwards’,
Sir W. Dugdale, Orig. Jur., 209 (Glossary to Jonson).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doubt,</span></span> i.e. <span class='it'>’doubt</span>, a shortened form of <span class='it'>redoubt</span>, a fortification. Chapman,
tr. of Iliad, xii. 286.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doucepere,</span></span> an illustrious knight or paladin. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10.
31; orig. only used in the pl.: ME. <span class='it'>dozepers</span> (<span class='it'>douzepers</span>), the twelve peers
or paladins of Charlemagne. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>li duze per</span> (Ch. Rol. 3187). See
NED. (s.v. Douzepers).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dough;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dow'>dow</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dought,</span></span> to make afraid, Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Suctonius). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dout'>dout</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>douse,</span></span> to strike violently; ‘To death with daggers <span class='it'>doust</span>’ (also wrongly,
<span class='it'>dounst</span>, in ed. 1587), Mirror for Magistrates, Henry VI, st. 4. In prov.
use in the north country (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>douse,</span></span> a sweetheart. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 7. F. <span class='it'>douce</span>, fem. of
<span class='it'>doux</span>, sweet; L. <span class='it'>dulcis</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dout'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dout,</span></span> fear; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 37. OF. <span class='it'>doute</span>, fear.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dow,</span></span> to thrive; ‘He’ll never dow’ (i.e. he’ll never do well), Ray,
North C. Words, 13; spelt <span class='it'>dough</span>, to be in health, Heywood, The Fair
Maid, ii. 1 (Clem). ‘Dow’ is in prov. use in the north, meaning
to thrive, prosper, also, to recover from sickness (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>dowe</span>,
pr. s. 1 p., am able to do (Wars Alex. 4058). OE. <span class='it'>dugan</span>, to be able, to be
vigorous (see Wright, OE. Gram. § 541).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dowcets'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowcets,</span></span> the testicles of a deer. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2
(1 Woodman); B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 6. In old cookery books <span class='it'>dowset</span>
was the name of a sweet dish. F. <span class='it'>doucet</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>doux</span>, sweet. See
NED. (s.v. Doucet), and cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#dulcet'>dulcet</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowe,</span></span> ‘dough’. Lyly, Endimion, i. 2 (Tellus); ‘A lytell leven doth
leven the whole lompe of dowe’, Tyndale, Gal. v. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowl</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> soft fine feathers. Tempest, iii. 3. 65 (see W. A. Wright’s
note). In prov. use in the S. Midlands for down or fluff (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>doule</span>, a down-feather (Plowman’s Tale, st. 14). See Notes on Eng. Etym.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowle,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dool1'>dool</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowsabell,</span></span> a sweetheart. A name, used as a term for a sweetheart.
Com. of Errors, iv. 1. 110; London Prodigal, iv. 2. 73. F. <span class='it'>douce-belle</span>, L.
<span class='it'>dulcibella</span>, sweet and fair.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doxy,</span></span> a vagabond’s mistress. (Cant.) Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 2; Fletcher,
Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). See Harman, Caveat, p. 73; where the
sing. form is <span class='it'>doxe</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drabler, drabbler,</span></span> an additional piece of canvas, laced to the bottom
of a bonnet of a sail. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1328); p. 134,
col. 2; Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Y. Forrest); vol. vi,
p. 416. From <span class='it'>drabble</span>, to wet; from its position. Cp. E. Fris. <span class='it'>drabbeln</span>, to
stamp about in the water (Koolman). See EDD. (s.v. Drabble).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dragon,</span></span> the name of a stage in the fermentation for producing the
elixir. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drake,</span></span> a dragon. Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory, ed. Dyce, p. 563.
‘<span class='it'>Drake</span>, dragon’, Levins, Manipulus. OE. <span class='it'>draca</span>, L. <span class='it'>draco</span>, Gk. δράκων.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drane,</span></span> a drone. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 3; Skelton,
Against the Scottes, 172. ME. <span class='it'>drane</span>, ‘fucus’ (Prompt.). The pronunc.
of drone in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>drān</span> (<span class='it'>drǣn</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drapet,</span></span> a cloth, a covering. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 27. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>drappetto</span>,
dimin. of <span class='it'>drappe</span>, cloth.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drasty,</span></span> worthless, rubbishy; ‘Drasty sluttish geere’, Hall, Sat. v. 2.
49; ‘Drasty ballats’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicioso). In several
places the <span class='it'>s</span> has been misprinted as <span class='it'>f</span>; the error originated with Thynne,
who, in 1532, twice substituted <span class='it'>drafty</span> for <span class='it'>drasty</span> in the Prologue to Melibeus:
‘Thy drasty spectre’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2113); ‘Thy drasty ryming’ (id.
2120); see NED. OE. <span class='it'>dræstig</span>, ‘feculentus’ (Voc. 238. 20).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>draw-cut,</span></span> done by drawing <span class='it'>cuts</span> or lots. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil,
Aeneid i, 515. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cut1'>cut</a></span> (1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drawer,</span></span> a waiter at a tavern. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 165; Romeo, iii.
1. 9. One who <span class='it'>draws</span> liquor for guests.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drawer-on,</span></span> an incitement to appetite. Massinger, Guardian, ii. 3
(Cario).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drawlatch,</span></span> lit. one who lifts a latch; a sneaking thief. Jacob and
Esau, ii. 3 (Esau).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dray,</span></span> a squirrel’s nest. Drayton, Quest of Cynthia, st. 51; [The squirrel]
‘Gets to the wood, and hides him in his dray’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals,
bk. i, song 5. A prov. word in general use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='drazel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drazel,</span></span> a slattern, slut. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 987. The word is in use
in the south of England, in Sussex and Hampshire, see EDD. (s.v. Drazil).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dread,</span></span> an object of reverence or awe. Milton, Samson, 1473; ‘Una,
his deare dreed’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drent,</span></span> drowned. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 49; v. 7. 39. ME. <span class='it'>dreint</span> (<span class='it'>dreynt</span>),
pp. of <span class='it'>drenchen</span>, to drown (Chaucer, Bk. Duchess, 148).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drere,</span></span> grief, sorrow, gloom. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 40; ii. 12. 36. Hence,
<span class='it'>drerihed</span>, sadness, id., Muiopotmos, 347; <span class='it'>dreriment</span>, Shep. Kal., Nov., 36.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dresser.</span></span> The signal for the servants to take in the dinner was the
cook’s knocking on the dresser, thence called the cook’s drum (Nares);
‘When the dresser, the cook’s drum, thunders’, Massinger, Unnat. Combat,
iii. 1 (Steward); ‘The dresser calls in (<span class='it'>Knock within, as at dresser</span>)’, Heywood,
Witches of Lancs., iii. 1 (Seely); vol. iv, p. 206; ‘Hark! they knock to the
dresser’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dretched,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>, vexed or disturbed by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf 402.
31; bk. xx, c. 5. OE. <span class='it'>dreccan</span>, to vex.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>dretchyng of swevens,</span> vexation by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf
430*. 7; bk. xxi, c. 12.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drib,</span></span> to let fall in drops or driblets, to dribble out. Dryden, Prologue
to The Loyal Brother, 22. Cp. prov. ‘drib’, a drop, a small quantity of
liquid (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dricksie,</span></span> decayed; as timber; ‘A drie and dricksie oak’, Puttenham,
Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 252. See <span class='it'>Droxy</span> in EDD.; and <span class='it'>Drix</span> in NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drink,</span></span> to smoke tobacco. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Laxton). A
common expression. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drivel,</span></span> a drudge, a servant doing menial work; ‘A Drudge, or driuell’,
Baret (1580); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2, 3; ‘A dyshwasher, a dryvyll’, Skelton,
Against Garnesche, 26. Spelt <span class='it'>drevil</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 12. ME.
<span class='it'>drivil</span>, a drudge, a menial (see Prompt. EETS., note no. 588); cp. Du. <span class='it'>drevel</span>,
‘a scullion, or a turnspit’ (Hexham). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>droil,</span></span> a drudge, a menial. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons,
ii. 1. 19; Brome, New Acad. ii, p. 40 (Nares). See Prompt. EETS. (note
no. 588).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>droil,</span></span> to drudge. Spelt <span class='it'>droyle</span>, Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 157. Hence
<span class='it'>droil</span>, drudgery, Shirley, Gentlemen of Venice, i. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drollery,</span></span> a puppet-show; a puppet; a caricature. Tempest, iii. 3. 21;
Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Wildgoose Chase, i. 2. 21; 2 Hen. IV,
ii. 1. 156. F. <span class='it'>drôlerie</span>, ‘waggery; a merry prank’; <span class='it'>dróle</span>, ‘a good fellow,
boon companion, merry grig, pleasant wag; one that cares not which end
goes forward or how the world goes’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dromound,</span></span> a large ship, propelled by many oars. Morte Arthur, leaf
82, back, 30; bk. v, c. 3 (end). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>dromund</span> (Rough List), OF.
<span class='it'>dromon</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>dromō</span> (Ducange), Byzant. Gk. δρόμων, a large ship; cogn.
with Gk. δρόμος, a racing, a course.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drone,</span></span> to smoke (a pipe); ‘Droning a tobacco-pipe’, B. Jonson, Sil.
Woman, iv. 1; Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dronel, dronet,</span></span> a drone; ‘That dronel’, Appius and Virginia, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 151; ‘Like vnto dronets’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, To
Reader (ed. Furnivall, p. xi).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dropshot:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>at dropshot</span>; ‘I’ll do no more at dropshot’ (i.e. I’ll
do no more in the character of an eaves-dropper, or where one can be <span class='it'>shot</span>
with <span class='it'>drops</span>), Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, iii. 6 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drossel,</span></span> a slattern, a slut. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 47,
st. 12. A north Yorkshire word (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#drazel'>drazel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drouson;</span></span> ‘Boiling oatemeale .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. with barme or the dregges and
hinder ends of your beere barrels makes an excellent pottage .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. of great
vse in all the parts of the West Countrie .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. called by the name of drouson
potage’, Markham, Farewell, 133 (EDD.); ‘Drowsen broath’, London
Prodigal, ii. 1. 42. OE. <span class='it'>drōsna</span>, lees, dregs.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>droye,</span></span> a servant, a drudge. Spelt <span class='it'>droie</span>; Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 3;
Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>droye,</span></span> to drudge, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 664.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>druggerman,</span></span> a ‘dragoman’, interpreter. Dryden, Don Sebastian,
ii. 1 (Emperor); [Pope, Donne’s Sat. iv. 83]. See Dict. (s.v. Dragoman);
also Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drum:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>Jack Drum’s entertainment</span>, ill-treatment, esp. by turning
a man out of doors, Heywood, ii. 2 (Sencer). <span class='it'>To sell by the drum</span>, to sell
by auction; in North’s Plutarch, Octavius, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., p. 255,
n. 3); hence, <span class='it'>by the dromme</span> (by the drum), in public, Warner, Albion’s
England, bk. ix, c. 53, st. 31.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drumble,</span></span> to be sluggish, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; a sluggish, stupid
person, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. A dull,
inactive person is called a ‘drummil’ in Warwickshire. A person
moving lazily about is said to ‘drumble’ in Cornwall (EDD.). Norw.
<span class='it'>drumla</span>, to be drowsy; Swed. <span class='it'>drummel</span>, a blockhead.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drumslade, dromslade,</span></span> a drum; ‘Dromslade, suche as Almayns
use in warre, <span class='it'>bedon</span>’, Palsgrave. Also spelt <span class='it'>drumslet</span>; Golding, Metam.
xii. 481; fol. 149, bk. (1603). Du. <span class='it'>trommelslag</span> (G. <span class='it'>trommelschlag</span>), the beat
of a drum.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drumsler,</span></span> a drummer. Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 224, 241. A form corrupted
from <span class='it'>drumslager</span>, once in use to mean ‘drummer’. Du. <span class='it'>trommelslager</span>,
a drummer (Sewel). See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dry-fat,</span></span> a cask, case, or box for holding dry things, not liquids; ‘A
dry-fat of new books’, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, i. 2 (Brisae);
<span class='it'>dry-vat</span>, Dekker, Shoemakers’ H., v. 2 (Firk). See Dict. (s.v. Vat).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dry-foot:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to draw</span> or <span class='it'>hunt dry-foot</span>, to track game by the mere scent
of the foot. Com. Errors, iv. 2. 39; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 2 (Brainworm).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Du'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Du cat-a whee,</span></span> God preserve you! Beaumont and Fl., Custom of
the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); Monsieur Thomas, i. 2. 8; <span class='it'>Dugat a whee</span>,
Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Welshwoman). Welsh <span class='it'>Duw cadw chwi</span>,
God preserve you!</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dub,</span></span> a stroke, blow; <span class='it'>Lydian dubs</span>, soft taps, like soft Lydian music;
<span class='it'>Phrygian dubs</span>, hard blows, like loud Phrygian music. Butler, Hudibras,
ii. 1. 850.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ducdame,</span></span> a word in the burden of a song. In As You Like It, ii. 5.
56. Doubtless a coined word, and admirably defined by Shakespeare as
‘a Greek invocation to call fools into a circle’; which I accept as it
stands.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duce.</span></span> Used in interjectional and imprecatory phrases; ‘I wonder
where a duce the third is fled’, Roger Boyle, Guzman, i; ‘Who a duce
are those two fellows?’ id., ii; ‘Who a duce is here by our door?’ (Socia),
Echard, Plautus (ed. 1694, 13); Centlivre, Busie Body (ed. 1732, 41).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>duce</span> is the same word as <span class='it'>deuce</span>, an E. form of F. <span class='it'>deux</span>, two. The orig.
sense of ‘a duce’ was exclamatory, signifying, ‘Oh! ill-luck, the <span class='it'>deuce</span>!’—two
being a losing throw at dice. The form <span class='it'>duce</span> came to us immediately
from a Low G. dialect—<span class='it'>dûs</span>, found in MHG.; cp. G. ‘was der
Daus!’ (what the deuce!). See Dict. (s.v. Deuce).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dudder,</span></span> to tremble, quake, shake. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1
(Cuddy). ‘Dudder’ is a prov. word in various parts of Scotland and
England, see EDD. (s.v. Duther). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dodder'>dodder</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dudgeon,</span></span> the hilt of a dagger made of a kind of wood called dudgin
(dudgeon). Macbeth, ii. 1. 46. ME. <span class='it'>dojoun</span>, or masere (Prompt., ed. Way,
436).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dudgeon,</span></span> the same word as the one above, used attrib. in the sense of
plain, homely; since a <span class='it'>dudgeon</span> was regarded as a common sort of haft;
‘I am plain and dudgeon’, Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); ‘I use
old dudgeon’, phrase, id., Queen of Corinth, ii. 4 (Conon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dudgeon-dagger,</span></span> a dagger with a hilt made of ‘dudgeon’. Beaumont
and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1 (Curio); <span class='it'>dudgin dagger</span>, Kyd, Soliman, i. 3. 160.
Shortened to <span class='it'>dudgeon</span>, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 379.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dugat a whee;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Du'>Du cat-a whee</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='duill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duill,</span></span> to grieve, sadden, make sorrowful; ‘It duills me’, B. Jonson,
Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maudlin). Cp. F. <span class='it'>deuil</span>, grief. See <span class='bold'><a href='#dole2'>dole</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duke,</span></span> a name for the castle or rook, at chess; ‘Dukes? They’re
called Rooks by some’, Middleton, A Game at Chess, Induct. 54; Women
beware, ii. 2 (Livia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Duke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Duke Humphrey, to dine with,</span></span> to go without dinner; ‘He may
chaunce dine with duke Homphrye tomorrow’, Sir Thos. More, iv. 2.
361. One who had no prospect of a dinner would walk in St. Paul’s,
under the pretence of going to see Duke Humphrey’s monument there;
on the chance that he might meet there some acquaintance who would
invite him. But Duke Humphrey was actually buried at St. Albans
(see Stowe’s Survey, ed. Thoms, 125). Cp. Mayne, City Match, iii. 3
(Plotwell and Timothy). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='dulcet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dulcet,</span></span> the dowcet of a stag. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219. A
latinized form; see <span class='bold'><a href='#dowcets'>dowcets</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dumbfounding,</span></span> a stupefying; said to mean a rough amusement in
which one person struck another hard and stealthily upon the back;
‘That witty recreation, called dumbfounding’, Dryden, Prologue to the
Prophetess, 47. See EDD. (s.v. Dumbfounder).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dummerer;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dommerar'>dommerar</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dump,</span></span> a fit of abstraction or musing; ‘I dumpe, I fall in a dumpe or
musyng upon thynges’, Palsgrave; ‘Lethargic dump’, Butler, Hudibras,
i. 2. 973; a fit of melancholy, ‘In doleful dump’, id., ii. 1. 85; a plaintive
melody or song, Two Gent. iii. 2. 85; used of a kind of dance, ‘The
devil’s dump had been danced then’, Fletcher, Pilgrim, v. 4 (Roderigo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dunny,</span></span> somewhat ‘dun’, or dusky brown. Skelton, El. Rummyng,
400. A north-country word (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#donny'>donny</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dun’s in the mire</span></span> (the horse is stuck in the mire), the name of
a rustic game in which the players had to extricate a wooden ‘dun’
(a horse) from an imaginary slough. ‘Dun is in the mire’ became
a proverbial phrase, so in Chaucer, Manciple’s Prologue, 5. ‘Dun’s i’
th’ mire’, Fletcher, “Woman-hater, iv. 2 (Pandar). The game is alluded
to in Romeo, i. 4. 41. ‘If thou art Dun we’ll draw thee from the mire’,
and in Hudibras, iii. 3. 110, ‘Your trusty squire, Who has dragg’d your
dunship out o’ th’ mire’. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (under ‘Games’), and
Gifford’s Ben Jonson, vii. 283 (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dun’s the mouse,</span></span> the mouse is brown. A jocose phrase of small
meaning; sometimes used after another has used the word <span class='it'>done</span>; Romeo,
i. 4. 40; London Prodigal, iv. 1. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dunstable, plain</span></span> (a proverbial phrase), plain speaking. Witch of
Edmonton, i. 2 (Old Carter). Cp. the proverb, ‘As plain as Dunstable
highway’, Heywood’s Eng. Proverbs, 69, 136; ‘As plain as Dunstable
road’, Fuller, Worthies, i. 114 (NED.). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>durance,</span></span> confinement. L. L. L. iii. 1. 135; 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 37;
durableness, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 49. Cp. ‘As the tailor, that out of seven
yards stole one and a half of durance’, i.e. durable cloth, Three Ladies
of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Durandell,</span></span> a trusty sword. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 123. OF. <span class='it'>Durendal</span>,
the name of the sword of Roland (Ch. Rol. 926). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Durindana'>Durindana</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duret,</span></span> some kind of dance; ‘Galliards, durets, corantoes’, Beaumont,
Masque at Gray’s Inn, stage direction (near the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duretta,</span></span> a coarse stuff of a durable quality. Mayne, City Match, i. 5
(Timothy). Also <span class='it'>duretto</span> (NED.). Ital. <span class='it'>duretto</span>, ‘somewhat hard’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Durindana'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Durindana,</span></span> the name of Orlando’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in
Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil); Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort);
<span class='it'>Durindan</span>, Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (Calveskin). Ital. <span class='it'>Durindana</span> (Ariosto);
see Fanfani. The Italian name for <span class='it'>Durendal</span>, by which the famous sword
of Roland is known in the old French <span class='it'>Chansons de Geste</span>. See Gautier’s
note on ‘Durendal’ in his ‘Chanson de Roland’, l. 926, p. 90.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dust,</span></span> to hurl, fling, cast with force. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 544;
xxi. 377. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dust-point,</span></span> a boys’ game in which ‘points’ were laid in a heap of
dust, and thrown at with a stone; ‘Our boyes, laying their points in
a heape of dust, and throwing at them with a stone, call that play of
theirs Dust-point’, Cotgrave (s.v. <span class='it'>Darde</span>). Fletcher, Captain, iii. 3 (Clora);
Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi. (Melanthus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dutch widow,</span></span> a cant term for a prostitute. Middleton, A Trick to
Catch, iii. 3 (Drawer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dutt,</span></span> to dote; ‘Dutting Duttrell’ (i.e. doting dotterel), Edwards,
Damon and Pithias; altered to <span class='it'>doating dottrel</span> in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 68;
but see Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88, l. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dwine,</span></span> to pine away; ‘He .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. dwyned awaye’, Morte Arthur,
leaf 429*, back, 8; bk. xxi, c. 12; <span class='it'>dwynd</span>, withered, Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, ii. 567 (ed. Arber, p. 61). In common prov. use in Scotland
and the north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>dwynyn awey</span>, ‘evanesco’ (Prompt.).
OE. <span class='it'>dwīnan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dybell,</span></span> (probably) trouble, difficulty; ‘My son’s in Dybell here, in
Caperdochy, i’ tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72. Perhaps the
same word as ‘dibles’ (or daibles), an E. Anglian word for difficulties,
embarrassments (EDD.).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='E'>E</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>e-,</span></span> prefix, for the more usual <span class='it'>y-</span> (AS. <span class='it'>ge-</span>), prefixed to past participles.
Exx. <span class='it'>emixt</span>, mixed, Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. 9; <span class='it'>etride</span>, tried, id., Sabrine,
st. 26.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eager,</span></span> keen, sharp, severe. Hamlet, i. 4. 2; Chapman, tr. of Iliad,
xi. 231.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eagre,</span></span> a ‘bore’ in a river; an incoming tidal wave of unusual height.
Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis, 132; spelt <span class='it'>agar</span>, Lyly, Galathea, i. 1 (Tyterus).
In prov. use in many forms: <span class='it'>aiger</span>, <span class='it'>ager</span>, <span class='it'>eager</span>, <span class='it'>eygre</span>, <span class='it'>hygre</span>, &amp;c., in
Yorks., Nottingham, Lincoln, and E. Anglia (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#higre'>higre</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eame;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#eme'>eme</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ean.</span></span> Of ewes: to lamb, bring forth young, to ‘yean’, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5.
36. Hence, <span class='it'>Eaning-time</span>, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). ‘To ean’
is in prov. use in various spellings in many parts of England from the north
country to Devon (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>enyn</span>, ‘feto’ (Prompt. EETS. 150); OE. <span class='it'>ēanian</span>,
to yean. See Brugmann, § 671.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ear'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ear,</span></span> to plough. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Deut. xxi. 4; 1 Sam. viii. 12; Is. xxx. 24. In
prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>ere</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 886), OE. <span class='it'>erian</span>. See Wright’s
Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='earn'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>earn, erne,</span></span> to grieve, to be afflicted with poignant sorrow and compassion.
Hen. V, ii. 3. 3 (mod. edd. <span class='it'>yearn</span>); Julius C., ii. 2. 129; <span class='it'>it earns me</span>,
Hen. V, iv. 3. 26; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 6 (Overdo); <span class='it'>earne</span>, to yearn,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 3; i. 6. 25; i. 9. 18; <span class='it'>erne</span>, ii. 3. 46. ME. <span class='it'>ȝernen</span>, to yearn
(P. Plowman), OE. <span class='it'>geornan</span>; see Dict. M. and S., p. 267.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='earth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>earth,</span></span> a ploughing. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 50. In prov. use in
Suffolk, Hants., Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Earth, sb.<sup>2</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>erð</span> for WS. <span class='it'>ierđ</span>,
a ploughing (Sweet), deriv. of <span class='it'>erian</span>, to plough, ‘to ear’; not the same word
as OE. <span class='it'>eorðe</span>, earth.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='easing'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>easing,</span></span> the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘Under the easing of the
house’, North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 16 (end); ‘<span class='it'>Severonde</span>, the eave,
eaving or easing of a house’, Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in various spellings,
in Scotland and Ireland, and in England, in the north and Midlands
to Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>esynge</span>, ‘tectum’ (Cath. Angl.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#evesing'>evesing</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eater,</span></span> a servant. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Morose).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='eath'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eath,</span></span> easy. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Shep. Kal., Sept., 17; spelt <span class='it'>ethe</span>,
id., July, 90. A north-country word, once much used in poetry (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>ethe</span>, easy (Cursor M. 597), OE. <span class='it'>ēaðe</span>, easy, <span class='it'>ēað</span> (common in compounds).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eathly,</span></span> easily. Peele, Order of the Garter, ed. Dyce, p. 587. Common
in Scottish poetry (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eaths,</span></span> easily. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 130. The <span class='it'>s</span> has an adverbial force.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eccentric,</span></span> not concentric with; hence, disagreeing with. Bacon,
Essay 23; an orbit not having the earth precisely in the centre
(a contrivance in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, for explaining the
phenomena), id. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eche,</span></span> to ‘eke’, to make up a deficiency; ‘To eche it and to draw it out
in length’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 23 (Qq 3, 4, <span class='it'>eech</span>). Cp. Northampton dialect,
‘My gown’s too short, I must eche it a bit’, see EDD. (s.v. Eke, vb. 3).
ME. <span class='it'>echen</span>, to increase (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 887), OE. (Mercian) <span class='it'>ēcan</span>, WS.
<span class='it'>īecan</span>, to increase.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>edder,</span></span> an adder. Morte Arthur, leaf 290. 11; bk. xi, c. 5; Skelton,
Philip Sparowe, 78. ME. <span class='it'>eddyr</span>, an adder (Prompt. EETS. 142).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>edder,</span></span> fence-wood, osiers or rods of hazel, used for interlacing the
stakes of a hedge at the top; ‘Edder and stake’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 33.
13; <span class='it'>eddered</span>, bound with edders, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 126. 7; <span class='it'>edderynge</span>,
id. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England; for various spellings
see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eddish, edish,</span></span> the aftermath or second crop of grass, clover, &amp;c.;
‘Eddish, eadish, etch, ersh, the latter pasture or grass that comes after
mowing or reaping’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust. (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1681); Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 18. 4; stubble, ‘Eddish .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. more properly the stubble or gratten in cornfields’,
Bp. Kennett (NED.). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.). OE.
<span class='it'>edisc</span>, ‘pascua’ (Ps. xcix. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>edge,</span></span> to urge, encourage, stimulate. Bacon, Essay 41, § 5. The pronunc.
of <span class='it'>egg</span> (to incite) in use in various parts of England from Lancash. to
Cornwall (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>eggen</span>, to incite (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 182), Icel.
<span class='it'>eggja</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>edify,</span></span> to build; ‘There was an holy chappell edifyde’, Spenser, F. Q.
i. 1. 34; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 660. F. <span class='it'>edifier</span>, to edifie, build (Cotgr.),
L. <span class='it'>aedificare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>effaut,</span></span> for <span class='it'>F fa ut</span>, the full name of the musical note <span class='it'>F</span>, which was sung
to <span class='it'>fa</span> or to <span class='it'>ut</span> according as it occurred in one or other of the hexachords (imperfect
scales) to which it belonged (NED.). Buckingham, The Rehearsal,
ii. 5 (Bayes). The first hexachord contained G (the lowest note), A, B, C,
D, E (but not F); the second contained C, D, E, F, G, A, sung to <span class='it'>ut</span>, <span class='it'>re</span>, <span class='it'>mi</span>,
<span class='it'>fa</span>, <span class='it'>sol</span>, <span class='it'>la</span>, F being sung to <span class='it'>fa</span>; the third began with F, sung to <span class='it'>ut</span>; so that
F was sung to <span class='it'>fa</span> or <span class='it'>ut</span>, and was called F <span class='it'>fa ut</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>efficace,</span></span> effectiveness, efficacy. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 602. F. <span class='it'>efficace</span>,
efficacy (Cotgr.), L. <span class='it'>efficacia</span> (Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>efficient,</span></span> creative or productive cause. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici,
pt. 1, § 14; id., Vulgar Errors, bk. vii, c. 4, § 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>egal,</span></span> equal. Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 13 (F.); <span class='it'>egally</span>, equally, Richard III,
iii. 7. 213; <span class='it'>egalness</span>, equality, Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Philander). F. <span class='it'>égal</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eggs:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to have eggs on the spit</span>, to be busy; with reference to the
old mode of roasting eggs; ‘I have eggs on the spit’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man
in Hum. iii. 6. 47; see Wheatley’s note.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='eggs2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eggs:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take eggs for money</span>, to accept an offer which one would
rather refuse. Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 161. (Fully explained by me in Phil.
Soc. Trans., 1903, p. 146). Farmers’ daughters would go to market,
taking with them a basket of eggs. If one bought something worth
(suppose) 3<span class='it'>s.</span> 4<span class='it'>d.</span>, she would pay the 3<span class='it'>s.</span> and say—‘will you take eggs for
money?’ If the shopman weakly consented, he received the value of the
4<span class='it'>d.</span> in eggs; usually (16th cent.) at the rate of 4 or 5 a penny. But the
strong-minded shopman would refuse. Eggs were even used to pay interest
for money. Thus Rowley has: ‘By Easter next you should have the
principal, and eggs for the use [interest], indeed, sir. <span class='it'>Bloodhound.</span>
Oh rogue, rogue, I shall have eggs for my money! I must hang myself’,
A Match at Midnight, v. 1. See Nares (s.v. Eggs for Money).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='eisel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eisel,</span></span> vinegar; ‘I will drink potions of eisel’, Sh. Sonnets, cxi; spelt
<span class='it'>eysel</span>. Skelton, Now Synge We, 40. ME. <span class='it'>esyle</span>, ‘acetum’ (Prompt. EETS.
147, see note no. 661); <span class='it'>aysel</span> (Hampole, Ps. lxviii. 26). OF. <span class='it'>aisil</span>, vinegar
(Oxford Ps. lxviii. 26).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ejaculation,</span></span> a darting forth. Bacon, Essay 9, § 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>E-la,</span></span> the highest note in the old musical scale, sung to the syllable <span class='it'>la</span>
in the old gamut; which began with G (<span class='it'>ut</span>) on the lowest line of the base
clef, and ended with E in the highest space of the treble clef. Whoever
sang a higher note than this was said to sing ‘above E-<span class='it'>la</span>’. Hence anything
extreme was said ‘to be above E-<span class='it'>la</span>’. ‘Why, this is above E-<span class='it'>la</span>!’
Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 4 (Leontius; near the end).
N.B. The old gamut was really founded on hexachords or major sixths;
each hexachord contained six notes and comprised four full tones and
a semitone, the semitone being in the middle, between the third and
fourth note. The hexachords began (in ascending succession) upon the
lower G, C, F, G (above F), C (still higher), F (above the last C), and G
(above the last F). There were twenty notes in all; viz. G A B C D E F G
A B C D E F G A B C D E; and each of the hexachords was sung to the
same syllables, <span class='it'>ut</span>, <span class='it'>re</span>, <span class='it'>mi</span>, <span class='it'>fa</span>, <span class='it'>sol</span>, <span class='it'>la</span>. The highest hexachord contained the
G A B C D E at the top of the scale; and as E was thus sung to <span class='it'>la</span>, it was
called E-<span class='it'>la</span>. It had no other name, because it only occurred in the
highest hexachord. In hexachords beginning with F the B was flat.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eld,</span></span> to ail; ‘What thing eldeth thee?’ Thersites, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
i. 414. Cp. <span class='it'>aild</span>, prov. pronunc. of <span class='it'>ail</span> (vb.): ‘He’s allus aildin’
(Worcestersh.); <span class='it'>aildy</span>, ailing, poorly, ‘I be very aildy to-day’ (Northampton);
so in Beds., <span class='it'>teste</span> J. W. Burgon, see EDD. (s.v. Ail and Aildy).
In Shropsh. they say <span class='it'>elded</span> for <span class='it'>ailed</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>elder,</span></span> an elder-tree. It was an old belief that Judas Iscariot hung
himself upon an elder. See L. L. L. v. 2. 610; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out
of Humour, iv. 4 (Carlo). See P. Plowman, C. ii. 64 (Notes, p. 31).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>elegant,</span></span> for <span class='bold'><a href='#alicant'>alicant</a>,</span> q.v. A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 1. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>element,</span></span> the sky. Julius Caes. i. 3. 128; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb.,
116; Milton, Comus, 299. In common prov. use in the west country.
A Somerset man describing a thunderstorm would say, ‘Th’ element was
all to a flicker’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>elenche, elench,</span></span> a logical refutation, a syllogism in refutation of an
argument. Massinger, Emperor of the East, ii. 1 (Theodosius). Also,
a sophistical argument, a fallacy; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, § xiv. 5.
L. <span class='it'>elenchus</span>, Gk. ἔλεγχος, cross-examination.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='elk'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>elk,</span></span> the wild swan, or hooper. ‘The Elk’, in the margin of Golding’s
tr. of Ovid, Metam. xiv. 509; ‘In hard winters elks, a kind of wild swan,
are seen’, Sir T. Browne (Wks. ed. 1893, iii. 313); ‘<span class='it'>Swanne</span>, some take
thys to be the elke or wild swanne’, Huloet. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ilke'>ilke</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ellops'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ellops,</span></span> a kind of serpent. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. ἔλλοψ, ἔλοψ, lit.
‘mute’, an epithet of fish (so Prellwitz); name for a certain sea-fish,
probably the sword-fish or sturgeon, later, a serpent.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embase,</span></span> to debase, lower. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 20; Sonnet 82.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embassade,</span></span> a mission as ambassador. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 32; also,
quasi-adv., on an embassy, Spenser, Hymn in Honour of Beauty, 251.
F. <span class='it'>embassade</span>, an embassage; also an embassador accompanied with his
ordinary train (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embay,</span></span> to bathe, drench, wet, steep. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27; ii. 12.
60. Metaph., to bathe (oneself in sunshine); Muiopotmos, 200; to pervade,
suffuse, F. Q. i. 9. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embayed, imbayed,</span></span> enclosed as in a bay; enveloped, engirt. Spelt
<span class='it'>imbayed</span>, enclosed; Capt. Smith, Works, ed. Arber, p. 333, l. 3; <span class='it'>embayed</span>,
engirt, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 230.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embayle,</span></span> to enclose, encompass. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embezzle,</span></span> to waste, squander; ‘His bills embezzled’, Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, i. 1 (Lincoln); Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia, c. iii, § 7.
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='emboss'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emboss,</span></span> to ornament with bosses or studs, to decorate. Spenser, F. Q.
iv. 4. 15; Shep. Kal., Feb., 67.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='embost1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embost</span></span> (of a hunted animal). A stag was said to be <span class='it'>embossed</span> (<span class='it'>embost</span>)
when blown and fatigued with being chased—foaming, panting, unable
to hold out any longer; ‘The boar of Thessaly Was never so emboss’d’,
Ant. and Cl. iv. 11. 3; ‘The salvage beast embost in wearie chace’,
Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 22. Metaph., ‘Our feeble harts Embost with bale’,
i. 9. 29; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 7. ME. <span class='it'>embose</span>, to plunge
deeply into a wood or thicket (Chaucer, Dethe Blaunche, 353). OF. <span class='it'>bos</span>
(<span class='it'>bois</span>), a wood. See <span class='bold'><a href='#imbost'>imbost</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embost,</span></span> encased, enclosed (as in armour); ‘A knight .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. in mighty
armes embost’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 24.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embowd,</span></span> arched over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 19.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='embraid'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embraid,</span></span> to upbraid, taunt, mock. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 7, § 2; Tusser, Husbandry, § 112, st. 7. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>breydyn</span> or <span class='it'>upbraydyn</span>,
‘Impropereo’ (Prompt. EETS. 64). OE. <span class='it'>bregdan</span>, to bring a charge (B. T.
Suppl.), Icel. <span class='it'>bregða</span>, to upbraid, blame.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embrave,</span></span> to embellish, decorate. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 60.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embrew,</span></span> to ‘imbrue’, cover with blood; ‘With wyde wounds embrewed’,
Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17; Hymn of Love, 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='embrocata'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embrocata,</span></span> a thrust in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villany, Sat. xi.
57. See <span class='bold'><a href='#imbroccato'>imbroccato</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='eme'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eme,</span></span> uncle. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 47; spelt <span class='it'>eame</span>, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 427.
848. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>eme</span>, fadiris brodyr, ‘patruus’
(Prompt.), OE. <span class='it'>ēam</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emeril,</span></span> emery. Drayton, Pol. i. 53. F. <span class='it'>emeril</span>, emery (Cotgr.); OF.
<span class='it'>esmeril</span>; Ital. <span class='it'>smeriglio</span>, deriv. of Gk. σμύρις, emery-powder.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emmarble,</span></span> to convert into marble. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 139.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emmew,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enmew;</span></span> errors for <span class='bold'><a href='#enew'>enew</a>,</span> q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empair,</span></span> to harm, injure. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 48; to become less, to
be diminished, id., v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Impair).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empale,</span></span> to surround, enclose. Sackville. Induction, st. 67.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emparlance,</span></span> parley, talk. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 50. Cp. Norm. F.
<span class='it'>emparler</span>, ‘parler, entretenir’, also ‘entretien’ (Moisy), O. Prov. <span class='it'>emparlat</span>,
‘éloquent’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='empeach'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empeach,</span></span> to hinder. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 34; ii. 7. 15; ‘I empesshe, or
let one of his purpose’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>empescher</span>, ‘to hinder’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov.
<span class='it'>empedegar</span>, ‘empêcher’ (Levy), Med. L. <span class='it'>impedicare</span>, ‘implicare’ (Ducange).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#impeach'>impeach</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empery,</span></span> dominion, rank of an emperor. Titus And. i. 1. 201; Hen. V,
i. 2. 226. Norm. F. <span class='it'>emperie</span> (Moisy), L. <span class='it'>imperium</span>, empire.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='empesshement'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empesshement,</span></span> hindrance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 131. 29. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#impechement'>impechement</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emprese,</span></span> ‘emprise’, enterprise, undertaking. Chapman, tr. of Iliad,
xi. 257. See NED. (s.v. Emprise).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emprise,</span></span> an undertaking, an enterprise. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept.,
83; chivalric enterprise, martial prowess, Milton, P. L. xi. 642; ‘In brave
poursuit of chevalrous emprize’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1. Norm. F. <span class='it'>emprise</span>,
‘entreprise’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enaunter,</span></span> lest by chance. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 200; May, 78;
Sept., 161. ‘Anaunters’ is a north-country word, in the sense of ‘lest,
in case that’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>enantyr</span>; <span class='it'>an aunter</span>, in case that (P. Plowman,
C. iv. 437); also, <span class='it'>an aventure</span> (id., B. iii. 279), see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Aventure);
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>en</span> + <span class='it'>aventure</span>, chance (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enbassement,</span></span> dread, terror, ‘abashment’. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf
159. 25; <span class='it'>enbaysshement</span>, lf. 91. 31. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>enbasshinge</span>, bewilderment (Chaucer,
Boethius 4, p. 1. 43).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enbolned,</span></span> swollen, puffed up. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 207, l. 7 from
bottom. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>bolnyd</span>, swollen (Wyclif, 1 Cor. v. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enchase,</span></span> to set (a jewel) in gold or other setting; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Spenser,
F. Q. i. 12. 23; to engrave figures on a surface, Shep. Kal., August, 27; to
shut in, enclose, M. Hubberd’s Tale, 626; Chapman, tr. Iliad, xii. 56;
xix. 346.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>encheason,</span></span> occasion, reason. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 147. ME.
<span class='it'>encheson</span>, ‘occasio’ (Prompt. EETS. 312), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>enchesoun</span>, occasion (Gower),
Norm. F. <span class='it'>acheisun</span>, ‘raison, cause, motif’ (Moisy); L. <span class='it'>occasio</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endlong,</span></span> from end to end of, through the length of; ‘Endlong many
yeeres and ages’, Holland, Livy, 921; right along, straight on, Dryden,
Palamon, iii. 691. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>endelong</span>,
through the length of (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 992).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endosse,</span></span> to inscribe. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 53; Colin Clout, 634;
Palsgrave. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>endosser</span>, to endorse (Rough List); to write on the
back of a document, deriv. of F. <span class='it'>dos</span>, L. <span class='it'>dorsum</span>, back.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='endue'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endue,</span></span> to endow; ‘God hath endued me with a good dowry’ (Vulg.
<span class='it'>Dotavit me Deus dote bona</span>), <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xxx. 20; spelt <span class='it'>endew</span>, Spenser, F. Q.
i. 4. 51; ‘The King hath .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. endewed (the house) with parkes orchardes’,
Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5. See <span class='bold'><a href='#indue2'>indue</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='endurance'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endurance,</span></span> also written <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indurance,</span></span> patience; ‘Past the endurance
of a block’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 248; imprisonment, durance, ‘I should have
tane some paines to have heard you Without endurance further’, Hen. VIII,
v. 1. 122 (the phrase is taken from Foxe’s account of Cranmer’s trial);
‘The indurance of their Generall’, Knolles, Hist. Turks, 1256 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endure,</span></span> to indurate, harden. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27. Norm. F.
<span class='it'>s’endurer</span>, to harden oneself (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eneled,</span></span> anointed, as one who has received extreme unction. Morte
Arthur, leaf 429*, back, 25; bk. xxi, c. 12; Caxton, Golden Legend, 337,
see NED. (s.v. Anele).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='enew'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enew</span></span> (t. t. in hawking), to drive a fowl into the water; ‘Let her enew
the fowl so long till she bring it to the plunge’, Markham, Countr. Content.
(ed. 1668, i. 5. 32); ‘Follies doth enew (misprinted <span class='it'>emmew</span>, Ff.) As
Falcon doth the Fowle’, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 91. Spelt <span class='it'>ineawe</span>, to plunge
into the water, Drayton, Pol. xx. 284. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>eneauer</span>, to wet (Gower),
Norm. F. <span class='it'>ewe</span> (F. <span class='it'>eau</span>), water. See <span class='bold'><a href='#inmew'>inmew</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enewed;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ennewe'>ennewe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enfeloned,</span></span> made fell or fierce. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 48.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enfired,</span></span> kindled, set on fire. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 169.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enform,</span></span> to mould, fashion. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enfouldred,</span></span> hurled out like thunder and lightning. Spenser, F. Q.
i. 11. 40. OF. <span class='it'>fouldre</span> (F. <span class='it'>foudre</span>), Romanic type <span class='it'>folgere</span>, L. <span class='it'>fulgur</span>, a
thunderbolt.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enfounder,</span></span> to drive in, to batter in. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216,
back, 30; lf. 295, back, 25; to stumble, as a horse, to ‘founder’; ‘His
horse enfoundred under hym’, Berners, Arth., 87 (NED.). F. <span class='it'>enfondrer</span>
(un harnois), to make a great dint in an armour; also, to plunge into the
bottom of a puddle or mire (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='enginous'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enginous,</span></span> ingenious. Hero and Leander, iii. 312; Chapman, tr. of
Odyssey, i. 452. Cp. Scot, <span class='it'>engine</span> (<span class='it'>ingine</span>), intellect, mental capacity (EDD.).
F. <span class='it'>engin</span>, understanding reach of wit (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>ingenium</span>, natural
capacity. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ingine'>ingine</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ingle1'>ingle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>englin,</span></span> the name of a Welsh metre. Drayton, Pol. iv. 181. W. <span class='it'>englyn</span>.
The Note has: <span class='it'>Englyns</span> are couplets interchanged of sixteen and fourteen feet.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engore,</span></span> to ‘gore’, wound deeply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 42.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engraile,</span></span> to give a serrated appearance to; ‘I (the river Wear) indent
the earth, and then I it engraile With many a turn’, Drayton, Pol.
xxix. 380; <span class='it'>engrail’d</span>, variegated, ‘A caldron new engrail’d with twenty
hues’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 761.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engrain,</span></span> to dye ‘in grain’, or of a fast colour. Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
Feb., 131. See Dict. (s.v. Grain).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engrave,</span></span> to bury. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 42; ii. 1. 60.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enhalse,</span></span> to greet, salute. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 58. See <span class='bold'><a href='#halse'>halse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ennewe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ennewe,</span></span> to tint, shade; ‘With rose-colour ennewed’, Calisto and
Meliba, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 62; ‘The one shylde was enewed with
whyte’, Morte Arthur, leaf 55. back, 24; bk. iii, ch. 9 (end). Perhaps fr.
F. <span class='it'>nuer</span>, to shade, tint (Godefroy), see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enow,</span></span> pl. form of ‘enough’; ‘Foes enow’, Milton, P. L. ii. 504;
‘Christians enow’, Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 24; ‘French quarrels enow’,
Hen. V, iv. 1. 222. ME. <span class='it'>ynowe</span>: ‘Wommen y-nowe’ (Chaucer, Parl.
Foules, 233), OE. <span class='it'>genōge</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>genōg</span>, enough.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enpesshe,</span></span> to hinder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 238. 6; 329. 19.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#empeach'>empeach</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enrace,</span></span> to introduce into a race of living beings. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5.
52; vi. 10. 25; Hymn of Beauty, 114.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ens,</span></span> being, entity. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct.
(Asper). Med. L. (in philosophy) <span class='it'>ens</span>, entity, a neuter pres. pt. formed
fr. L. <span class='it'>esse</span>, to be.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enseam,</span></span> to cleanse (a hawk) of superfluous fat; ‘<span class='it'>Ensemer</span>, to inseam,
unfatten’, Cotgrave; ‘Clene ensaymed’, Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 79.
OF. <span class='it'>esseimer</span>, ‘retirer le <span class='it'>saim</span> (la graisse)’, see Moisy (s.v. Ensaimer), deriv.
of <span class='it'>saim</span> fat, Med. L. <span class='it'>sagīmen</span>, ‘adeps’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enseam,</span></span> to contain together, include. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 35; to
introduce to company, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Monsieur).
See NED. (s.v. Enseam, vb.<sup>4</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enseamed,</span></span> marked with grease; ‘In the ranke sweat of an enseamed
bed’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 92. F. <span class='it'>enseimer</span> (now <span class='it'>ensimer</span>), to grease (Hatzfeld).
[Schmidt connects this word with ‘enseam’, to cleanse a hawk; see
above.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='enseignement'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enseignement,</span></span> teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 2, § last. F. <span class='it'>enseignement</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ensigns,</span></span> insignia, marks of honour. Bacon, Essay 29, § 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ensnarl,</span></span> to entangle. Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 9. A north Yorks. word
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snarlyn</span>, ‘illaqueo’ (Prompt. EETS. 460).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entail, entayl,</span></span> to carve, cut into. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; ii. 6. 29;
<span class='it'>entayle</span>, ornamental work cut on gold, id., ii. 7. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enterdeal,</span></span> negotiation. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 21; Mother Hubberd’s
Tale, 785.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entermete,</span></span> to concern oneself, occupy oneself, meddle with. Caxton,
Hist. Troye, leaf 154, back, 13. ME. <span class='it'>entremeten</span>, refl. to meddle with
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1026). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’entremettre</span>, to occupy oneself
(Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enterprize,</span></span> to receive, entertain as a host. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 14;
In this sense peculiar to Spenser.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entertain,</span></span> to take into one’s service; Gent. Ver. ii. 4. 105; Richard III,
i. 2. 258; to keep in one’s service, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 2; to give reception
to, Com. Errors, iii. 1. 120; the reception of a guest, Spenser, Mother
Hubberd’s Tale, 1085; F. Q. v. 9. 37; Pericles, i. 1. 119.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entertake,</span></span> to receive, entertain. Only in Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entire.</span></span> Used of friends <span class='it'>wholly</span> devoted to one another; ‘My most
sincere and entire friend’, Coryat, Crudities, Ep. Ded.; ‘Your entire
loving brother’, Bacon, Essays, Ep. Ded. [cp. F. <span class='it'>ami entier</span>]. From the
notion of intimacy was developed the sense: inward, internal, ‘Their
hearts and parts entire’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 23 and 48; iii. 1. 47;
iii. 7. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entradas,</span></span> receipts, revenues. Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (Severino).
Span. <span class='it'>entrada</span>, revenue.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entraile,</span></span> to twist, entwine, interlace. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; iii. 6.
44; Shep. Kal., Aug. 30; Prothalamion, 25; a coil, F. Q. i. 1. 16. Cp.
F. <span class='it'>traille</span> (<span class='it'>treille</span>), lattice-work (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entreat,</span></span> to treat, use. Richard II, iii. 1. 37; Fletcher, Rule a Wife,
iii. 4 (Perez); Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 7; ‘He entreated Abram well’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>,
Gen. xii. 16; ‘Despytfully entreated’, Tyndale, Luke xviii. 32. OF.
<span class='it'>entraiter</span>, to treat, use (Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entreglancing,</span></span> interchange of glances. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed.
Hazlitt, i. 46.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entries,</span></span> places through which deer have recently passed. B. Jonson,
Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entwite,</span></span> to rebuke, reproach, reprove, to ‘twit’. Udall, tr. of
Apoph., Augustus, § 1; Roister Doister, ii. 3 (song); p. 36. Altered
form of ME. <span class='it'>atwiten</span>, to reproach, twit, OE. <span class='it'>æt-witan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enure,</span></span> to put into operation, to ‘inure’, carry out, practise. Spenser,
F. Q. iv. 2. 29; v. 9. 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>envy,</span></span> to feel a grudge against; to begrudge; to treat grudgingly; to
have grudging feelings. Milton, P. L. iv. 317; King John, iii. 4. 73; Peele,
Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 551. The stress is often on the latter
syllable.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>envy,</span></span> to injure, disgrace, calumniate. Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1 (Juletta);
Shirley, Traitor, iii. 3 (Duke).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>envỳ,</span></span> to emulate, ‘vie’ with. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 17; iii. 1. 13.
F. <span class='it'>envier</span> (au jeu), to vie (Cotgr.), L. <span class='it'>invitare</span>, to invite, challenge.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ephemerides,</span></span> properly, tables showing the positions of the heavenly
bodies (or some of them) for every day of a period, esp. at noon. But
used vaguely for an almanac or calendar that noted some of these
things. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Surly); Bp. Hall, Sat. ii. 7. 6; Bacon,
Adv. of Learning, i. 1, § 3. Gk. ἐφημερίς, a diary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ephesian,</span></span> a boon companion. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 164. A cant term;
used like ‘Corinthian’ in 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>epiky,</span></span> reasonableness, equity; ‘Such an epiky and moderacion’,
Latimer, 5 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 143). Gk. ἐπιείκεια, reasonableness;
from ἐπιείκής, fitting, equitable.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>epiphoneme,</span></span> an exclamatory sentence, used to sum up a discourse.
Puttenham, Art of Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 12 (ed. Arber, p. 125); Heywood,
Dialogue 2 (Mary), vol. vi, p. 123. Gk. ἐπιφώνημα.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>epitasis,</span></span> the part of a play wherein the plot thickens. B. Jonson,
Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (end). Gk. ἐπίτασις.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>epitrite,</span></span> in prosody, a foot consisting of three long syllables and a
short one. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Gk. ἐπίτριτος.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='equal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>equal</span>(<span class='bold'>l,</span></span> fair, equitable, just, impartial. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1539, Psalm xvii. 2;
Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Bartolus); iv. 4. 15; <span class='it'>equally</span>, justly, id., iv. 5
(Diego).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='equipage'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>equipage,</span></span> equipment; retinue. Sh., Sonnet 32; Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
Oct., 114. F. <span class='it'>equipage</span>, ‘equipage, good armour; store of necessaries;
<span class='it'>Equipage d’un navire</span>, her Marriners and Souldiers’ (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v.
Equip). See <span class='bold'><a href='#esquip'>esquip</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>erased,</span></span> in heraldry; said of an animal’s head, with a jagged edge
below, as if torn violently from the body. Also used humorously of an
ear, Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 214.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eremite,</span></span> one dwelling in the desert; ‘This glorious eremite’, Milton,
P. R. i. 8 (used with allusion to the original meaning of the Greek word).
Eccles. Gk. ἐρημίτης, one who has retired into the desert from religious
motives, a hermit, deriv. of ἔρημος, wilderness (Matt. iii. 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>erie, ery,</span></span> every. Tusser, Husbandry, § 18. 17; § 57. 11. Also several
times in Turbervile’s Poems. A contracted form, like <span class='it'>e’er</span> for <span class='it'>ever</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='eringo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eringo, eryngo,</span></span> the candied root of the sea-holly, used as a sweetmeat,
and regarded as an aphrodisiac. Merry Wives, v. 5. 23. Ital. <span class='it'>eringio</span>, sea-holly
(Florio), L. <span class='it'>eryngion</span>, Gk. ἠρύγγιον, dimin. of ἤρυγγος, sea-holly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>erne,</span></span> an eagle. Golding, Metam. vi. 517; fol. 74 (1603). A Scottish
literary word (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>earn</span> (Matt. xxiv. 28).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>errant:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>an errant knight</span>, a knight-errant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 38;
i. 10. 10. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>errer</span>, to travel, to march (Ch. Rol. 3340), O. Prov. <span class='it'>edrar</span>
(<span class='it'>errar</span>), Med. L. <span class='it'>iterare</span>, ‘iter facere’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>errant,</span></span> ‘arrant’. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron); ‘Sir
Kenelm Digby was an errant mountebank’, Evelyn, Diary (Nov. 7, 1651).
See NED. (s.v. Errant, 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>errour,</span></span> wandering, roving. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 7.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>erst,</span></span> once upon a time, formerly. Hen. V, v. ii. 48; Ferrex and Porrex,
i. 2. 5; previously, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 18. ME. <span class='it'>erst</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 776),
OE. <span class='it'>ǣrest</span>, superl. of <span class='it'>ǣr</span>, soon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esbatement,</span></span> amusement. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 160. 15; Sir T.
Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § 10. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>esbatement</span>, diversion (Gower).
F. <span class='it'>esbatement</span>, ‘divertissement’ (Rabelais), OF. <span class='it'>esbatre</span>, ‘se divertir’ (Bartsch).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>escape,</span></span> a wilful error; a great fault. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 150);
Othello, i. 3. 197.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='escot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>escot,</span></span> to pay a reckoning for, to maintain; ‘How are they escoted’,
Hamlet, ii. 2. 362. OF. <span class='it'>escoter</span>, ‘payer l’écot’ (Didot), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>escot</span>, payment,
reckoning at a tavern (Gower); <span class='it'>escot</span> (payment) occurs in the Statutes of
the Realm, i. 221 (13th cent.), see Rough List. See Ducange (s.v. Scot,
Scottum). <span class='it'>Escot</span> (payment) is the same word as ‘scot’ or ‘shot’, in prov.
use for payment of a tavern reckoning (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>escuage,</span></span> lit. shield-service; personal service in the field for 40 days
in the year; later, a money payment in lieu of it, also called ‘scutage’.
Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. 148. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>escuage</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>scutagium</span>,
deriv. of L. <span class='it'>scutum</span>, a shield (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>escudero,</span></span> a squire. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). Span.
<span class='it'>escudéro</span>, an esquire, a servant that waits on a lady (Stevens), deriv. of
<span class='it'>escúdo</span>, a shield, L. <span class='it'>scutum</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esguard,</span></span> a tribunal existing among the Knights of St. John, to settle
differences between members of the order. Beaumont and Fl., Knight
of Malta, v. 2 (Valetta). OF. <span class='it'>esgard</span>, ‘tribunal des chevaliers de Malte’.
Med. L. <span class='it'>esgardium</span>: ‘De vassallo delinquente in Dominum, Dominus potest
de ce quod tenet ab ipso, ipsum per Exguardium dissaisire (Id est, judicio
parium suerum interveniente)’, quotation from Statutes (Ducange). O. Prov.
<span class='it'>esgart</span>, ‘regard, décision, jugement; condamnation pécuniaire; égard,
considération’; <span class='it'>esgardar</span>, ‘regarder, considérer; décider, juger’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esloin, esloyne,</span></span> to remove to a distance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20.
F. <span class='it'>esloigner</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esmayed,</span></span> dismayed. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 308. 6; 329, back, 9.
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’esmaier</span>, to be dismayed (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esmayle,</span></span> enamel. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 242.
F. <span class='it'>esmail</span> ‘enammel’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='espial'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>espial,</span></span> the action of espying or spying. Bp. Hall, Contempl. O. T.
xix. 9 (NED.); a company of spies, Elyot, Governour, iii. 6. 236; <span class='it'>espials</span>,
spies, Bacon, Essay, 48; 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 6; Hamlet, iii. 1. 32. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='esquip'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esquip,</span></span> to equip. <span class='it'>Esquippe</span>, Baret, Alvearie; <span class='it'>esquipping</span>, Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, i. 577. F. <span class='it'>esquiper</span> (<span class='it'>equiper</span>), to equip, arm, store with necessary
furniture (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#equipage'>equipage</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>essoyne,</span></span> excuse, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. ME. <span class='it'>essoyne</span>, excuse for non-appearance
in a law-court (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 164). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>essoigne</span>
(<span class='it'>essoyne</span>), excuse, a legal term (Rough List), see Ducange (s.v. Sunnis).
Med. L. <span class='it'>essoniare</span>, ‘excusationem proponere’ (Ducange), of Teutonic origin,
cp. Goth. <span class='it'>sunjôn</span>, ‘excusare’ (2 Cor. xii. 19).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>estate,</span></span> rank, dignity; ‘He poisons him in the garden for his estate’,
Hamlet, iii. 2. 273; Macbeth, i. 4. 37; <span class='it'>estates</span>, men of rank, nobles,
Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin). F. <span class='it'>estat</span>, office, dignity, rank,
degree which a man hath (Cotgr.). See Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>estivation:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>place of estivation</span>, a summer-house. Bacon, Essay 45,
§ 5. Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>aestivus</span>, pertaining to summer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>estres,</span></span> apartments, dwellings, quarters; the inner rooms in a house,
divisions in a garden, &amp;c.; spelt <span class='it'>estures</span> [printed by Caxton <span class='it'>eftures</span>].
Morte Arthur, leaf 392, back, 3; bk. xix, ch. 8. ME. <span class='it'>estres</span> (Chaucer),
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>estre</span>, habitation, dwelling (Gower); <span class='it'>estres</span>, inward parts of a
house (Rough List); OF. <span class='it'>estre</span>, ‘domuncula, aedificium’, see Ducange
(s.v. <span class='it'>Estra</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>estridge,</span></span> an ostrich, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 98; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 197;
spelt <span class='it'>estrich</span>, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 2 (Incubo); Lyly, Euphues
(ed. Arber, 124). ME. <span class='it'>estrich</span> (Voc. 585, 22). O. Prov. <span class='it'>estrutz</span>, ‘autruche’
(Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eten, ettin,</span></span> a giant; ‘Giants and ettins’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight
of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (<span class='it'>or</span> 3) (Wife). ME. <span class='it'>ȝeten</span> (Gen. and Ex. 545), OE. <span class='it'>eoten</span>,
a giant, cp. Icel. <span class='it'>jötunn</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Etesian,</span></span> (properly) the epithet of certain winds, blowing from the
NE. for about forty days annually in summer; ‘Etesian winds’, Holland,
tr. of Pliny, bk. xvi, c. 25 (end); ‘Etesian gales’, Dryden, Albion,
Act i (Iris). L. <span class='it'>etesius</span>; Gk. ἐτήσιος, annual, from ἔτος, year.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ethe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#eath'>eath</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eugh,</span></span> yew; ‘The Eugh, obedient to the bender’s will’, Spenser, F. Q.
i. 1. 9; Bacon, Essay 46. ME. <span class='it'>ew</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2923), OE. <span class='it'>īw</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='eure'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eure,</span></span> destiny, fate, luck. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 235, back, 8; spelt
<span class='it'>ure</span>, Skelton, Colin Clout, 1003; <span class='it'>to be ured</span>, to be invested with, as by the
decree of fate, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6; <span class='it'>ewre</span>, to render happy, Palsgrave.
Hence <span class='it'>eurous</span>, <span class='it'>ewrous</span>, lucky, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 227. 30;
lf. 228. 19. ME. <span class='it'>ure</span>, fate, good luck (Barbour’s Bruce). OF. <span class='it'>eür</span>, ‘sort, bonheur’
(Bartsch), O. Prov. <span class='it'>aür</span>, <span class='it'>agur</span>, destiny, Romanic type <span class='it'>agurium</span>, L.
<span class='it'>augurium</span>, augury, omen. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ure2'>ure</a>, <a href='#male-uryd'>male-uryd</a>, <a href='#misured'>misured</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evelong,</span></span> oblong. Golding, Metam. viii. 551, fol. 101 (1603). ME.
<span class='it'>evelong</span>, ‘oblongus’ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, i. 405). Cp. Icel. <span class='it'>aflangr</span>, oblong,
Dan. <span class='it'>aflang</span>; L. <span class='it'>oblongus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>event,</span></span> to cool, by exposing to the air; ‘To event the heat’, Mirror
for Mag., Clyfford, st. 8; to find vent, ‘Whence that scalding sigh
evented’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, v. 3 (Angelo). F. <span class='it'>esventer</span>, to fan or
winnow; <span class='it'>s’esventer</span>, to take vent or wind (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ever among,</span></span> continually, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evertuate,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex.</span>, to endeavour. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xvi,
p. 72; ‘I have evirtuated myself’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. ii, let. 61
(end). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’esvertuer</span>, to exert oneself, endeavour (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='evesing'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evesing,</span></span> the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘A dropping evesing’,
Schole-house of Women, 912; in Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iv. 140.
ME. <span class='it'>evesynge</span> (P. Plowman, C. xx. 193), deriv. of <span class='it'>evese</span>, the edge of the roof
of a building, the ‘eaves’, OE. <span class='it'>efes</span> (Ps. ci. 8). See <span class='bold'><a href='#easing'>easing</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='evet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evet,</span></span> an eft, a newt. Lyly, Euphues, p. 315. See EDD. for prov. forms.
OE. <span class='it'>efeta</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ewftes'>ewftes</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evicke,</span></span> a wild goat. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 122 (rendering of αἲξ
ἄγριος). See NED. (s.v. Eveck).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ewftes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ewftes,</span></span> efts. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23. See <span class='bold'><a href='#evet'>evet</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exacuate,</span></span> to sharpen, whet, provoke. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 3
(Compass).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Exaltation of the Holy Cross,</span></span> the Feast observed on Sept. 14.
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 37. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exampless,</span></span> for <span class='it'>example-less</span>, without an example, unparalleled. B. Jonson,
Sejanus, ii. 4 (Silius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Excalibur,</span></span> the name of King Arthur’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in
Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil); ‘The try’d Excalibour’, Drayton, Pol. iv (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>excheat,</span></span> ‘escheat’, profit, lit. that which is fallen to one. Spenser,
F. Q. i. 5. 25; iii. 8. 16. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>eschete</span>, <span class='it'>eschaëte</span> (Rough List), Med. L.
<span class='it'>escaeta</span>, deriv. from Romanic type <span class='it'>escadére</span> (F. <span class='it'>echoir</span>), Med. L. <span class='it'>excadere</span>, ‘jure
haereditario obvenire; in aliquem cadere, ei obvenire’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exercise,</span></span> an act of preaching, discourse; a discussion of a passage of
Scripture. Richard III, iii. 2. 112; iii. 7. 64; Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough,
v. 1 (Oliver).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exhale,</span></span> to hale forth, drag out. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Crispinus);
cp. Hen. V, ii. 1. 66.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exhibition,</span></span> allowance, fixed payment. King Lear, i. 2. 25; Othello, i.
3. 238; London Prodigal, i. 1. 10. Med. L. <span class='it'>exhibitio</span>, ‘praebitio’; <span class='it'>exhibere</span>,
‘praebere alimenta et ad vitam necessaria’ (Ducange). See Prompt. EETS.
161, and Rönsch, Vulgata, 312. Hence the term ‘exhibition’ in the University
of Oxford for annual payments made by a College to deserving
students.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exigent,</span></span> state of pressing need, emergency, decisive moment. Julius
Caesar, v. 1. 19; Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 63; extremity, end, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 9;
phr. <span class='it'>to take an exigent</span>, to come to an end, A Merry Knack to know a Knave,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 546; <span class='it'>exigents</span>, straits, Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5
(Warwick).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exigent,</span></span> an urgent command; <span class='it'>a writ of exigent</span> was one commanding
the sheriff to summon the defendant to appear, and to deliver himself up
on pain of outlawry. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 370; iii. 1. 1036. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>exigende</span>,
L. <span class='it'>exigenda</span>, from <span class='it'>exigere</span>, to exact. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exoster,</span></span> a hanging-bridge, used by men besieging a city; ‘Exosters,
Sambukes, Catapults’, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 9. L. <span class='it'>exostra</span>,
Gk. ἐξώστρα, a bridge <span class='it'>thrust out</span> from the besiegers’ tower against the walls
of the besieged place; deriv. of ὠθέειν, to thrust.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expend,</span></span> to weigh, examine, consider. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii,
c. 9, § 1; c. 29, § 3. L. <span class='it'>expendere</span>, to weigh out.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expert,</span></span> to experience. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 186.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expire,</span></span> to breathe out. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; iv. 1. 54; to fulfil
a term, i. 7. 9; to fly forth from a cannon, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis,
st. 188.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expiscate,</span></span> to ‘fish out’, i.e. to find out by inquiry. Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, x. 181. L. <span class='it'>expiscari</span>, to fish out; deriv. of <span class='it'>piscis</span>, a fish.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>explete,</span></span> to complete, to satisfy; ‘To explete the act’, Speed, Hist. ix.
21, § 71; ‘Nothing under an Infinite can expleat the immortall minde of
man’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. 123. L. <span class='it'>explere</span>, to fill out.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exploit,</span></span> success; ‘His ambassadours hadde made no better exployte’,
Berners, tr. Froissart, ii. 91. 272. ME. <span class='it'>espleit</span>, success (Gower, C. A. <span style='font-size:smaller'>V.</span> 3924),
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>exploit</span>, <span class='it'>espleit</span>, <span class='it'>esplait</span>, speed, success (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exploit,</span></span> to accomplish, achieve; ‘I <span class='it'>exployt</span>, I applye or avaunce myself
to forther a busynesse’, Palsgrave; ‘They departed without <span class='it'>exploytinge</span>
their message’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 26, § 8; ‘To exploit
some warlike service’, Holland, tr. Ammianus (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>express,</span></span> to press out, squeeze out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 42.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expulse,</span></span> to expel. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 5, § 5; Bacon,
Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, c. 17, § 9. L. <span class='it'>expulsare</span>, freq. of <span class='it'>expellere</span>, to expel.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extend</span></span> (a legal t. t.), to seize upon lands, in execution of a writ.
Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach); to seize upon land, Ant.
and Cl. i. 2. 105. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extent</span></span> (a legal t. t.); ‘A writ or commission to the Sheriff for the
valuing of lands or tenements; also, the Act of the Sheriff or other Commissioner
upon this writ’, Cowell, Interpreter; Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1035;
Massinger, City Madam, v. 2 (Luke); As You Like It, iii. 1. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extinct,</span></span> to extinguish. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2 (end);
hence <span class='it'>extincted</span>, pp., Othello, ii. 1. 81.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extirp,</span></span> to extirpate. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 25. L. <span class='it'>extirpare</span>, <span class='it'>exstirpare</span>,
deriv. of <span class='it'>stirps</span>, the stem of a tree.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extort,</span></span> extorted. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 5; v. 10. 25.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extraught,</span></span> extracted. 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 142. Cp. <span class='it'>distraught</span> for <span class='it'>distract</span>,
<span class='it'>distracted</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extreate,</span></span> extraction, origin. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 1. ME. <span class='it'>estrete</span>, extraction,
origin (Gower, C. A. i. 1344), OF. <span class='it'>estraite</span>, birth, origin (Assizes de
Jer., ch. 134); see Bartsch (Glossary).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extree,</span></span> axle-tree. Golding, Metam. ii. 297; fol. 19, back (1603). In
prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ax, sb.<sup>1</sup>), ME. <span class='it'>ex-tre</span> (Prompt. EETS. 145).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='eyas'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eyas,</span></span> a young hawk taken from the nest for the purpose of training;
<span class='it'>eyas hauke</span>, a young untrained hawk, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 34; <span class='it'>eyas-musket</span>
(used jocularly of a sprightly child), Merry Wives, iii. 3. 22; ‘An aerie of
children little eyases’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 355. F. <span class='it'>niais</span> (Fauconnerie), ‘qui n’a
pas encore quitté le nid’ (Hatzfeld), L. <span class='it'>nidacem</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>nidus</span>, a nest,
cp. Ital. <span class='it'>nidiace</span>, ‘taken out of the nest, a simpleton’ (Florio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#niaise'>niaise</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eye,</span></span> a brood; esp. of pheasants; ‘An Eye of Pheasaunts’, Spenser, Shep.
Kal., April, 118 (E. K. Gloss.); ‘An Eye of tame pheasants Or partridges’,
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Worlidge, Dict. Rust. 252; Coles,
Lat. Dict. (1677). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD.
(s.v. Eye, sb.<sup>2</sup>); also in the form <span class='it'>nye</span> (<span class='it'>nie</span>, <span class='it'>ni</span>), see EDD. OF. <span class='it'>ni</span>, ‘nid’ (La
Curne).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eyre,</span></span> to ‘ear’, to plough. Drayton, Robert Duke of Normandy, st. 5.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#earth'>earth</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eysel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#eisel'>eisel</a>.</span></p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='F'>F</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>faces about,</span></span> the same as ‘right-about face’, i.e. turn round the
other way. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1. 14; Beaumont and Fl.,
Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (Ralph); Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Y. Loveless).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fackins'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fackins.</span></span> The forms here given are distortions of <span class='it'>fay</span> (faith), frequent
in trivial quasi-oaths. <span class='it'>By my fackins</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 3; <span class='it'>By my
feckins</span>, Heywood, 1 Edw. I, iii. 1; <span class='it'>By my facks</span>, Middleton, Quiet Life,
ii. 2; <span class='it'>By my feck</span>, Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 3. Cp. <span class='it'>I’ faikins</span>, in truth,
verily, used in Scotland, Lakeland, and Lancashire (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fay1'>fay</a></span> (1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fact,</span></span> evil deed, crime. Meas. for M. iv. 2. 141; v. 439; Wint. Tale, iii.
2. 86; Macb. iii. 6. 10; <span class='it'>in the fact</span>, in the act, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 173.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fadge,</span></span> to fit, suit, agree; ‘Let men avoid what fadgeth not with their
stomachs’, Robertson, Phras. 708; ‘How ill his shape with inward
forme doth fadge’, Marston, Scourge of Villanie, i. 1. 172; to succeed,
to turn out well, ‘How will this fadge?’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 2. 34; to get
on well, to thrive, ‘Let him that cannot fadge in one course fall to
another’, Cotgrave (s.v. Mouldre). In prov. use in various parts of
England, meaning to fit, suit; to make things fit; to succeed, thrive,
see EDD. (s.v. Fadge, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fading,</span></span> the name of a dance; ‘Fading is a fine jig’, Beaumont and
Fl., Knight B. Pestle, iv. 5 (end). ‘With a fading’ was the refrain of
a popular song of an indecent character, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fagary'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fagary,</span></span> a vagary, freak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Goshawk);
Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fegary'>fegary</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fagioli,</span></span> French beans. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury).
Ital. <span class='it'>fagioli</span>, ‘french peason, kidney beanes’ (Florio), Late L. <span class='it'>phaseolus</span>
(Pliny), earlier L. <span class='it'>phaselus</span> (Virgil), Gk. φάσηλος, a kidney-bean.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fail, fayl,</span></span> to deceive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; iii. 11. 46. F. <span class='it'>faillir</span>,
to deceive (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fain,</span></span> to rejoice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 36. Hence <span class='it'>fayning</span>, gladsome,
wistful, Hymn of Love, 216. OE. <span class='it'>fægnian</span>, to rejoice.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fair,</span></span> fairness, beauty. Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 81 (Rasni); Death
of E. of Huntingdon, ii. 1 (Salisbury); iii. 4 (Leicester); in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, viii. 255, 282.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fairy money,</span></span> money given by fairies, which turned to dry leaves if
talked about; ‘Such borrowed wealth, like Fairy-money .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. will be but
Leaves and Dust when it comes to use’, Locke, Human Und. I, iv. (NED.);
Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1 (Montague). See Davies.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>faitour,</span></span> an impostor, cheat, a lying vagabond. Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
May, 39; <span class='it'>faytor</span>, F. Q. i. 12. 35; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 173. See Notes to Piers
Plowman, p. 166. The word means a sham, a maker-up of a character.
OF. <span class='it'>faitour</span>, <span class='it'>faiteör</span>, Romanic type <span class='it'>factitorem</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fa la,</span></span> a snatch of song; ‘The fiddle, and the <span class='it'>fa las</span>’, Fletcher, Mons.
Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). From the notes in the upper part of the
gamut—<span class='it'>fa</span>-sol-<span class='it'>la</span>-si. Hence, <span class='it'>fa la la</span>, as a refrain of a song.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fall,</span></span> the blast blown on a horn at the death of the deer. Gascoigne,
Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 315. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mort1'>mort</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fall,</span></span> a collar falling flat round the neck. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1
(Surly); <span class='it'>falls</span>, pl., Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1 (2 Fellow).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fall,</span></span> autumn; ‘The hole yere is deuided into iiii. partes, spring-time,
somer, faule of the leafe, and winter’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 48; Dryden,
tr. Juvenal, Sat. x. In prov. use in various parts of England, very
common in America (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fall,</span></span> to let fall, Temp. ii. 1. 296; Richard III, v. 3. 135; to happen,
Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 188.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>falling bands;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#band1'>band</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>false:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to false a blow</span>, to make a feint, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46;
ii. 5. 9. Cp. Cymbeline, ii. 3. 74.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>falser,</span></span> a deceiver. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec.; Epilogue, 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>falx,</span></span> a term in wrestling; a grip round the small of the back.
Drayton, Pol. i. 244; Carew, Cornwall, 76. F. <span class='it'>faux du corps</span> (Sherwood,
s.v. Wast). See NED. (s.v. Faulx).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>famble,</span></span> hand. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen);
Harman, Caveat, p. 87. Icel. <span class='it'>fálma</span>, the hand; cp. Swed. <span class='it'>famle</span>, to grope;
cognate with OE. <span class='it'>folm</span>, a hand.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>famble,</span></span> a ring. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond
Senior). So called because worn on the hand. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>famelic,</span></span> exciting hunger, appetizing. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1
(Busy). L. <span class='it'>famelicus</span>, hungry; from <span class='it'>fames</span>, hunger.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Familist,</span></span> one of the sect called the Family of Love. Middleton,
Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby). See Dyce’s introduction to
the Family of Love, by the same dramatist.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fang,</span></span> to take, seize, seize upon. Timon, iv. 3. 23; spelt <span class='it'>vang</span> (Southern),
London Prodigal, iii. 3. 5; <span class='it'>fanged</span>, pp., Northward Ho, i. 2. 6. OE. <span class='it'>fōn</span>, to
take; pp. <span class='it'>gefangen</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fanterie,</span></span> infantry; ‘Cavallery [cavalry] and Fanterie’, Holland, tr.
of Pliny, bk. vi, c. 20; vol. i, p. 128 g; <span class='it'>Fanteries</span>, foot-soldiers, Gascoigne,
Fruites of Warre, st. 152. OF. <span class='it'>fanterie</span> (Roquefort); Ital. ‘<span class='it'>fantería</span>, infantry;
<span class='it'>fante</span>, a boy, a foot soldier’ (Florio); short for <span class='it'>infante</span>, an infant. Cp. ME.
<span class='it'>faunt</span>, child (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 101), whence surname ‘Fauntleroy’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fap,</span></span> drunk. Merry Wives, i. 1. 183.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='farandine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>farandine,</span></span> a kind of cloth, made partly of silk and partly of wool.
Spelt <span class='it'>farrendon</span>, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 1 (Lucy); <span class='it'>ferrandine</span>,
a gown of this material, id. v. 2 (Mrs. Joyner). Said to be from F.
<span class='it'>Ferrand</span>, the name of the inventor (<span class='it'>c.</span> 1630). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>farce,</span></span> to stuff, fill out; ‘Farce thy lean ribs’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out
of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); ‘The farced title’ (i.e. stuffed, tumid), Hen. V,
iv. 1. 280; ‘Wit larded with malice, and malice farced with wit’, Tr. and
Cr. v. 1. 64. See Dict. (s.v. Farce).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='farcion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>farcion, farcyon,</span></span> the farcy, a disease in horses, akin to glanders.
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 93. F. <span class='it'>farcin</span>; see Hatzfeld. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fashions'>fashions</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fardle,</span></span> to furl a sail. Golding, Metam. xi. 483; fol. 138 (1603). F.
<span class='it'>fardeler</span>, to truss or pack up (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. Fardel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fare,</span></span> course; track of a hare. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 16; Fletcher, Faithful
Shepherdess, iv. 2. 18. OE. <span class='it'>fær</span>, course; from <span class='it'>faran</span>, to go.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>far-fet,</span></span> fetched from afar. Milton, P. R. ii. 401. Things ‘far-fet’ were
proverbially said to be good (or fit) for ladies; ‘Farre fet and deere
bought is good for Ladyes’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 93). See The Malcontent,
v. 2 (Mendoza); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, 1 Prologue; Cynthia’s
Revels, iv. 1 (Argurion).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>farlies,</span></span> strange things, wonders. Drayton, Pol. x. 170. ‘Ferlies’ (or
‘fairlies’) is in common use in Scotland for ‘sights, show things to be seen,
lions’, see EDD. (sv. Ferly, 4). ME. <span class='it'>ferly</span>, strange, wonderful; also, a
wonder (Barbour’s Bruce), OE. <span class='it'>fǣrlic</span>, sudden, unexpected.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fashions'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fashions,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fashion,</span></span> the ‘farcy’, a disease of the skin in horses,
Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 53; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Andelocia). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#farcion'>farcion</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fast and loose,</span></span> a cheating game with a leather strap, which is made
up in intricate folds and laid edgewise on a table; the novice thrusts a
skewer into it, thinking to hold it fast thereby, but the trickster takes hold
of both ends and draws it away. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 1 (Theodore);
City Nightcap, iv. 1 (Dorothea).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>faste,</span></span> faced, having faces; ‘Some faste Like loathly toades’, Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 11. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fastidious,</span></span> distasteful, displeasing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 9, § 1; disdainful, B. Jonson, New Inn, Ode (at the end), l. 7.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fatch,</span></span> a ‘vetch’; ‘A fatch for Love!’, Turbervile, The Penitent Lover,
last stanza; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 1 (note on the word <span class='it'>Cicero</span>). See
EDD. (s.v. Fatch).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fault,</span></span> a misfortune. Pericles, iv. 2. 79; Massinger, Bondman, v. 1
(Leosthenes).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>faun,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fawn,</span></span> an act of fawning upon; a cringing. Phineas Fletcher,
An Apology for the Premises, st. 4; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 4 (Tucca).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fausen,</span></span> a kind of eel (?). Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 190. In Kent
<span class='it'>fazen-eel</span> is in use for a large brown eel; see EDD. (s.v. Fazen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fautie,</span></span> ‘faulty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 99. 2. The ordinary pronunciation
in Scotland, and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Faulty). F. <span class='it'>fautif</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fautor'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fautor,</span></span> an adherent, partisan; spelt <span class='it'>faultor</span>, Mirror for Mag., Worcester,
xx; a protector, patron, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 441; xi. 325. F. <span class='it'>fauteur</span>,
‘a fauter, favourer, protector’ (Cotgr.); L. <span class='it'>fautor</span>, a favourer, patron.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fautress,</span></span> a patroness. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 670.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Favell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Favell,</span></span> a personification of flattery; ‘The fyrste was Favell, full of
flatery, Wyth fables false that well coude fayne a tale’, Skelton, Bowge
of Courte, 134; ‘Favell hath a goodly grace In eloquence’, Wyatt, The
Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 216). ME. <span class='it'>Fauel</span>: ‘Bothe Fals and Fauel and fykeltonge
Lyere’ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 6); see Notes, pp. 42, 43. Hoccleve, in
his De Regimine Principum (ed. Wright, pp. 106, 111), fully describes
<span class='it'>favelle</span> or flattery, and says, ‘In wrong praising is all his craft and arte’.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#curry-favell'>curry-favell</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fawting,</span></span> favourable. Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 21 (ed. 1575).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#fautor'>fautor</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fay1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fay,</span></span> faith. Spenser, F. Q. v. S. 19; phr. <span class='it'>by my fay</span>, by my faith, Romeo,
i. 5. 128. ME. <span class='it'>fey</span>, faith (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1126); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>fei</span> (F. <span class='it'>foi</span>).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#fackins'>fackins</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fay2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fay,</span></span> to clear away filth, to clean out a ditch or pond. Burton, Anat. Mel.
i. 2. 4: Holland, tr. Livy, xxi. 37 (ed. 1609, 414); spelt <span class='it'>fie</span>, Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 20. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E.
Anglia: in the former ‘fey’ is the usual form, in the latter ‘fie’, see EDD.
(s.v. Fay, vb.<sup>1</sup>). Icel. <span class='it'>fǣgja</span>, to cleanse, polish.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fayles,</span></span> a variety of backgammon, played with three dice. B. Jonson,
Every Man in Hum. iii. 8. 104. Described in Gifford’s note; so called
because a particular throw caused the adversary <span class='it'>to fail</span>. See NED. (where
there is cited from Ludus Anglicorum (<span class='it'>c.</span> <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1330) ‘Est et alius ludus
qui vocatur Faylys’). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='feague1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feague,</span></span> to settle one’s business, to take one in hand, to dispose of.
Etherege, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Oliver); also (Sir Joslin’s
Song); iv. 2 (Sir Oliver). Spelt <span class='it'>fegue</span>, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 1
(end). Cp. G. <span class='it'>fegen</span>, to sweep, to clean, to furbish; also, to chastise, rebuke;
Du. <span class='it'>vegen</span>. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feague,</span></span> to whip. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). Probably
the same word as above. See EDD. (s.v. Feag).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feak,</span></span> a dangling curl of hair. Marston, Sat. i. 38. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feants,</span></span> for <span class='it'>fiants</span> or <span class='it'>fyaunts</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#fiants'>fiants</a>.</span> Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37;
p. 98.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fear,</span></span> an object of terror. Hamlet, iii. 3. 25; Milton, P. L. ix. 285; to
terrify, Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 221; 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 2. ‘To fear’ is used in
this sense in Scotland and in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feat,</span></span> made, fashioned. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 2 (Sir N. Treadle);
clever, dexterous, Cymb. v. 5. 88; graceful, ‘She speaks feat English’,
Fletcher, Night-walker, iii. 6; neat, becoming, Temp. ii. 1. 273; to make
a person elegant, Cymb. i. 1. 49. ‘Feat’ is in gen. prov. use in the sense
of suitable, also, dexterous, adroit, smart (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>fait</span>, made; <span class='it'>fait pour</span>,
made for, suitable for.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='featuously'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>featuously,</span></span> elegantly, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv, Ballad of Dowsabel,
24; <span class='it'>feateously</span>, dexterously, nimbly, Spenser, Prothal. 27. ME. <span class='it'>fetysly</span>,
exquisitely; <span class='it'>fetys</span>, well-made, handsome, graceful (Chaucer). OF. <span class='it'>fetis</span>,
<span class='it'>feitis</span>; L. <span class='it'>facticius</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feature,</span></span> fashion, make, form. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44; ‘The grim
Feature’ (used of Satan), Milton, P. L. x. 279.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feaze;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#feeze'>feeze</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='feeze'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feeze.</span></span> The threat ‘I’ll feeze you’ seems to have given rise to the
sense. To ‘do for’, ‘settle the business of’, also, to beat, flog. Beaumont
and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Ricardo); <span class='it'>veeze</span>, Massinger, Emperor East, iv. 2
(Countryman); <span class='it'>pheese</span>, Tam. Shrew, Induct, i. 1. ‘To fease’ is in prov.
use in Scotland and in various parts of England—Midlands, E. Anglia,
and South Coast, in the sense of to drive away, to put to flight (EDD.).
OE. <span class='it'>fēsan</span>, to drive away; cp. Norw. dialect <span class='it'>föysa</span> (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fegary'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fegary, figary,</span></span> ‘vagary’, freak, whimsical trick. Spelt <span class='it'>figuary</span>,
Beaumont and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2 (Clown); <span class='it'>fegary</span>, Middleton,
Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Diego). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fagary'>fagary</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fegue;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#feague1'>feague</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>felfare,</span></span> a field-fare. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (L.
Beaufort). So in Nottingham and Warwick (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fell,</span></span> a marsh, a fen. Drayton, Pol. iii. 113; see NED. (s.v. Fell, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2 b).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fell,</span></span> gall, rancour. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 2. L. <span class='it'>fel</span>, gall.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fell’ff,</span></span> the ‘felloe’ of a wheel, part of the wheel-rim. Chapman, tr.
Iliad, iv. 525. A Yorks. pron. of ‘felloe’ (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>felg</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fellowly,</span></span> companionable, sympathetic. Temp. v. 1. 64; <span class='it'>fellowlie</span>,
Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 55.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>felly,</span></span> cruelly, fiercely. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 50.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>felness,</span></span> fierceness, spite, anger. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 37.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feltred,</span></span> with wool matted close together; ‘Feltred ram’, Chapman,
tr. Iliad, iii. 219; ‘His felter’d locks’, Fairfax, Tasso, iv. 7. See EDD.
(s.v. Felter).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feme, feeme,</span></span> a woman; ‘Take time therefore, thou foolish Feeme’,
Turbervile, On the divers Passions of his Love, st. 3 from end. OF. <span class='it'>feme</span>
(F. <span class='it'>femme</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feminitee,</span></span> womanhood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 51.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fennel,</span></span> supposed to be an emblem of flattery; ‘How this smells of
fennel’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Count F.). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fenny'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fenny,</span></span> spoiled with damp, mouldy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 44;
‘<span class='it'>Fenny</span>, mouldy as fenny cheese’, Worlidge, Ray’s English Words, 1691.
In prov. use (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>fynig</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#finewed'>finewed</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fensive,</span></span> ‘defensive’, capable of defence. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid,
ii. 301; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 4 (st. 4 from end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fere, feere,</span></span> a companion, mate, spouse. Titus Andron. iv. 1. 89.
Often spelt <span class='it'>pheer</span>, <span class='it'>pheere</span>, as in Spenser, Muse of Thestylis, 100. ME. <span class='it'>fere</span>
(Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>ge-fēra</span>, a companion.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferk;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#firk2'>firk</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferle,</span></span> a ‘ferule’; a rod, sceptre; ‘The one of knight-hoode bare the
ferle’, Mirror for Mag., Mortimer, st. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferme,</span></span> a lodging; ‘His sinfull sowle with desperate disdaine Out of
her fleshly ferme fled to the place of paine’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferrandine;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#farandine'>farandine</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferrary,</span></span> farriery, the art of working in iron. Chapman, tr. of Iliad,
xiv. 141.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferrour,</span></span> ‘farrier’. Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). OF. <span class='it'>ferrier</span> (Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferse,</span></span> the piece now known as the ‘queen’ in chess. Surrey, To the
Lady that scorned, 12, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 21; ‘<span class='it'>Fers</span>, The Queen at
Chess-play’, Bullokar. ME. <span class='it'>fers</span> (Chaucer, Book Duch., 654). OF. <span class='it'>fierce</span>,
also, <span class='it'>fierge</span> (Roman Rose), Med. L. <span class='it'>fercia</span> (Ducange). Of Persian origin,
<span class='it'>ferzên</span>, prop. ‘wise man’, ‘counsellor’, cp. Arab, <span class='it'>firzân</span>, queen in chess.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferula,</span></span> a flat wooden bat, used by schoolmasters for inflicting pats
on the palm of a boy’s hand. North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 41 (in
Shak. Plut., p. 96, n. 1); Englished as <span class='it'>ferule</span>, Hall, Satires, iv. 1. 169.
L. <span class='it'>ferula</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fescue,</span></span> a little stick or pin, for pointing out the letters to children
learning to read. Hall, Satires, iv. 2. 100; Dryden, Prologue to Cleomenes,
38. Hence, the gnomon of a dial; Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 84. OF. <span class='it'>festu</span>
(F. <span class='it'>fétu</span>), a straw, O. Prov. <span class='it'>festuc</span>, for L. <span class='it'>festūca</span>, a straw (cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>festuga</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>festinately,</span></span> hastily. L. L. L. iii. 1. 6. Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>festinus</span>, hasty.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fet,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> and <span class='it'>pp.</span> fetched; ‘David sent, and fet her to his house’,
<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Sam. xi. 27, Acts xxviii. 13 (ed. 1611); ‘This conclusion is far
fet’, Jewel (Wks., ed. Parker Soc. i. 146); ‘Deep-fet groans’, 2 Hen. VI,
ii. 4. 33; B. Jonson, Silent Woman, Prol. ‘To fet’ is in gen. prov. use
for ‘fetch’ in Lancashire and Midland counties (EDD.) ME. <span class='it'>fette</span>, pt. s.
of <span class='it'>fecchen</span>, and <span class='it'>fet</span> pp. (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>fette</span>, pt. s., and <span class='it'>fetod</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>fetian</span>,
to fetch (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fetch,</span></span> a trick, stratagem. Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 2; Hamlet, ii. 1.
38; King Lear, ii. 4. 90. In gen. prov. use in various parts of England,
see EDD. (s.v. Fetch, sb.<sup>2</sup> 14).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fetch in,</span></span> to seize upon, apprehend. Ant. and Cl. iv. 1. 14, Massinger,
Roman Actor, iv. 1 (Parthenius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fetuous,</span></span> well-formed, well-made. Herrick, The Temple, 68; <span class='it'>featous</span>
(NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#featuously'>featuously</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feutred,</span></span> featured, fashioned. J. Heywood, The Four Plays, Anc. Brit.
Drama, i. 19, col. 1; Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 376. The strange spelling
<span class='it'>feautered</span> also occurs (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fewmand.</span></span> Only in B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Earnie): ‘They
[a young badger and a ferret] fewmand all the claithes’. ‘Fewmand’
belongs to the imaginary dialect of the piece; it apparently means ‘to
foul’, ‘to soil’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fewmets'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fewmets,</span></span> the excrement of a deer. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 2
(John); Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306; ‘<span class='it'>Fumées</span>, the
dung or excrements of Deer, called by woodmen, fewmets, or fewmishing’,
Cotgrave. Cp. F. <span class='it'>fumier</span>, dung, manure, cogn. w. L. <span class='it'>fimus</span>, dung, excrement.
See NED. (s.v. Fumet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fewterer'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fewterer,</span></span> a term of the chase, one who looks after the dogs in the
kennel, and lets them loose at the proper time. Beaumont and Fl.,
Tamer Tamed, ii. 2; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yeoman-fewterer'>yeoman-fewterer</a>.</span>
ME. <span class='it'>vewter</span>, a keeper of greyhounds (Bk. Curtasye 631, in
Babee’s Bk., ed. 1868, p. 320). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>veutrier</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>veltrarius</span> (Ducange),
deriv. of Romanic type <span class='it'>veltrus</span>, a greyhound. Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>veltre</span>, It. <span class='it'>veltro</span>,
for older L. <span class='it'>vertragus</span>, a greyhound, a Gaulish word.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feyster,</span></span> to fester, as a wound. Morte Arthur, leaf 394, back, 31;
bk. xix, c. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fiant, fiaunt,</span></span> a warrant. Spenser, Mother Hub. 1144. L. <span class='it'>fiant</span>, in
phr. <span class='it'>fiant literae patentes</span>, let letters patent be made out; used of a warrant
addressed to the Irish Chancery for a grant under the Great Seal (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fiants'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fiants,</span></span> the excrements of certain animals, esp. of the fox or badger,
Turbervile, Hunting, c. 76, p. 216; <span class='it'>fyaunts</span>, id., c. 66, p. 184. F. <span class='it'>fiente</span>, the
excrement of certain animals (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fico'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fico,</span></span> a fig. Gascoigne, Herbes (Wks., ed. 1587, 153); as a type of anything
valueless or contemptible, ‘A fico for the phrase’, Merry Wives,
i. 3. 33. Ital. <span class='it'>fico</span>. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fidge'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fidge,</span></span> to keep in continual movement. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1
(Cokes); Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4 (Hodge); ‘<span class='it'>Remuer</span>, to move, stir,
fidge’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fie;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#fay2'>fay</a></span> (to clean).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fig of Spain,</span></span> a contemptuous gesture, consisting in thrusting the
thumb between two of the closed fingers. Hen. V, iii. 6. 62; phr. <span class='it'>to give
the fig</span>, to insult thus, 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 123. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>figent,</span></span> fidgeting restless. Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer,
iii. 2 (Vertaigne); Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan); Chapman and others, Eastward
Ho, iii. 2 (Quicksilver). Deriv. of <span class='bold'><a href='#fidge'>fidge</a>.</span> See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fig-frail,</span></span> a basket for holding figs. Middleton, Your Five Gallants,
iv. 5 (Bungler). See <span class='bold'><a href='#frail'>frail</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>figging-law,</span></span> the art of cutting purses and picking pockets. Dekker,
Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>figgum,</span></span> (perhaps) a juggler’s trick. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 5
(Sir P. E.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fights'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fights,</span></span> screens of cloth used during a naval engagement, to conceal
and protect a crew. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 142; ‘Bear my fights out bravely’,
Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Dryden, Amboyne, iii. 3 (Song);
Heywood, Fair Maid of West, iv (Wks., ed. 1874, ii. 316); Phillips,
Dict. 1706.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>figo,</span></span> a fig. Hen. V, iii. 6. 60; iv. 1. 60. Span. <span class='it'>figo</span>; L. <span class='it'>ficus</span>. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#fico'>fico</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>filch,</span></span> a hooked staff, used by thieves. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1
(Higgen); also called a <span class='it'>filchman</span>, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>file,</span></span> the thread, course, or tenor of a story or argument. Spenser, F. Q.
vii. 6. 37. F. <span class='it'>fil</span>, a thread, L. <span class='it'>filum</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>file,</span></span> to render foul, filthy, or dirty; ‘To file my hands in villain’s blood’,
Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, iii (Scarborow); Macbeth, iii. 1. 65.
In prov. use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>fȳlan</span> (in
compounds), deriv. of <span class='it'>fūl</span>, foul.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>filed,</span></span> polished with the ‘file’; neatly sculptured; also <span class='it'>fig.</span> of literary
work. Tale of Pygmalion, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 131; ‘True-filed lines’,
B. Jonson, Pref. Verses to Shakespeare (1623), 68.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fill;</span></span> <span class='it'>fills</span>, pl., the ‘thills’ or shafts of a cart. Tr. and Cr. iii. 2. 48;
hence <span class='it'>fill-horse</span>, a shaft-horse, Herrick, The Hock-cart, 21; spelt <span class='it'>phil-horse</span>,
Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 100. ‘Fill’ and ‘fill-horse’ are both in prov. use (EDD.).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#thiller'>thiller</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>filograin,</span></span> ‘filigree’. Butler, On P. Nye’s Thanksgiving Beard, l. 13
from end. Ital. <span class='it'>filigrana</span> (Fanfani). See Dict. (s.v. Filigree).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fincture,</span></span> a feint, in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 54.
Ital. <span class='it'>finctura</span>, <span class='it'>fintura</span> (NED.); deriv. of L. <span class='it'>fingere</span>, to feign.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fine,</span></span> end. Much Ado, i. 1. 247; Hamlet, v. 1. 113.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fineness,</span></span> ingenuity. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 209; Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1
(Master).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='finewed'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>finewed,</span></span> musty, mouldy. Mirr. for Mag., Lord Hastings, st. 28; spelt
<span class='it'>fenowed</span>, ‘The Scripture .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. is a Panary of holesome foode against fenowed
traditions’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1611, The Translators to the Reader; <span class='it'>vinewed</span>, Baret,
Alvearie (s.vv. Mouldie <span class='it'>and</span> Hoarie); Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 15 (in the Folios
<span class='it'>whinid</span>). ‘Vinnewed’ (or ‘Vinnied’), mouldy, is in common prov. use in
the south-west of England, see EDD. (s.v. Vinny). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fenny'>fenny</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fingle-fangle,</span></span> a trifle. Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 454.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fire-drake,</span></span> a fiery dragon; hence, a meteor. Hen. VIII, v. 4. 45;
Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (<span class='it'>or</span> 5), near the end. OE.
<span class='it'>fȳr-draca</span>; <span class='it'>fȳr</span>, fire, and <span class='it'>draca</span>, L. <span class='it'>draco</span>, Gk. δράκων, a dragon; cp. E. <span class='it'>dragon</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fireship,</span></span> a prostitute. (Cant.) Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir
Simon). [Smollett, Roderick Random, 1. xxiii.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk,</span></span> to beat, trounce. Hen. V, iv. 4. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Firk, 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='firk2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk,</span></span> to cheat, rob. Dekker, Honest Wh. (NED.); spelt <span class='it'>ferk</span>, Fletcher,
Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Firk, 2, c).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk,</span></span> to move about briskly, to frisk, gallop. Shirley, Hyde Park, iv. 3
(Song). See NED. (s.v. Firk, 3 b).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk,</span></span> a frisk; (humorously), a dance. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 2 (Lacy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk up,</span></span> to trim up. Shirley, Constant Maid, ii. 1 (Playfair).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fisgig,</span></span> a light, worthless female, fond of gadding about. Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 77. 8; ‘<span class='it'>Trotiere</span>, a fisgig, fisking huswife, gadding flirt’, Cotgrave.
See NED. (s.v. Fizgig).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fisk,</span></span> to scamper about, frisk, move briskly; ‘Then he fyskes abrode’,
Latimer, Fourth Sermon (ed. Arber, p. 104); ‘Tome Tannkard’s Cow .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
fysking with her taile’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2; <span class='it'>fysking</span>, Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 45. 2; ‘Fisking about the house’, Otway, Venice Preserved,
ii. 1 (Pierre). A Shropshire word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fist,</span></span> a contemptuous expression; ‘Fist o’ your kindness!’, Eastward Ho,
iv. 1 [<span class='it'>or</span> 2] (Gertrude). Also spelt <span class='it'>fiste</span>, <span class='it'>fyste</span>, <span class='it'>foist</span>; the orig. sense is a breaking
wind, a disagreeable smell. See NED. (s.v. Fist, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fisting-hound,</span></span> a spaniel; a contemptuous term. Fleming, tr. of
Caius’ Dogs; in Arber, Eng. Garner, iii. 287. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fitches,</span></span> ‘vetches’. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah xxviii. 25; <span class='it'>fytches</span>, Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
§ 20. 40, § 70. 8. ‘<span class='it'>Vesce</span>, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. fitch or vitch’, Cotgrave. ‘Fitches’
in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fitchock, fichok,</span></span> a polecat. Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); Scornful
Lady, v. 1 (end). ‘Fitch’ is a common prov. word for the polecat; see
EDD. (s.v. Fitch, also, Fitchock).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fitten'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fitten, fitton,</span></span> an untruth, an invention. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus); Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 54. ‘Fitten’ is in
prov. use for ‘an idle fancy’, ‘a pretence’, in Hants., Wilts., and Somerset
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>fyton</span> or lesynge, ‘mendacium’ (Prompt. EETS., see note
no. 729).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fitters,</span></span> fragments, rags, pieces. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the
Country, iii. 3. 4; Pilgrim, i. 1. 22. In prov. use in the north (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='five-and-fifty'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>five-and-fifty,</span></span> the highest number to stand on, at the game of primero.
But it could be beaten by a flush, i.e. when the cards were all of
one colour. ‘As big as <span class='it'>five-and-fifty and flush</span>’; as confident as one who
held five-and-fifty in number, and also held a flush; so that he could not
be beaten; B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>five eggs:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to come in with one’s five eggs</span>, to break in or interrupt
fussily with an idle story; ‘Persones coming in with their five egges,
how that Sylla had geuen ouer his office’, Udall, tr. of Erasmus’s Apoph.,
p. 272; ‘Another commeth in with his fiue egges’, Robinson, tr. More’s
Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 56). The orig. phrase had reference to the offering
of <span class='it'>five eggs for a penny</span>, which was a trivial offer, and not very advantageous
to the purchaser in the sixteenth century; See <span class='bold'><a href='#eggs2'>eggs</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fiveleaf,</span></span> cinquefoil, <span class='it'>Potentilla reptans</span>. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 229; ‘Of
Cinquefoyle, or Five-finger grasse’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 56.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fives'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fives,</span></span> a disease of horses. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54; ‘Vyves, a disease
that an horse hath, <span class='it'>avives</span>’, Palsgrave; so Cotgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Adivas</span>, the disease
in Horses and other Beasts call’d the Vives’, Stevens, Span. Dict., 1706.
Of Arabic origin, <span class='it'>ad-dhîba</span>, ‘morbi species qua affici solet guttur jumenti’
(Freytag); see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 45.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fixation,</span></span> in alchemy; the process that rendered the elixir fixed.
B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flacket,</span></span> a flask, bottle, or vessel; ‘A flacket of wyne’, Great Bible
(1539), 1 Sam. xvi. 20; ‘A flacket, <span class='it'>Uter formam habens doliarem</span>’, Coles,
Dict., 1679. In prov. use in Yorkshire for a small cask-shaped vessel for
holding beer (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>flaket</span>, ‘obba, uter’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>flakette</span>,
‘flasca’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>flaket</span> (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flag,</span></span> used as a sign or signal; ‘A flag and sign of love’, Othello, i. 1.
157; ‘His flag hangs out’ (i.e. as an advertisement), Middleton, The
Widow, iv. 1 (Valeria); ‘ ’Tis Lent, the flag’s down’ (i.e. there is no flag
flying above the theatre, because it is Lent, and the performances are
suspended), Middleton, A Mad World, i. 1 (Follywit).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flaighted, fleighted,</span></span> terrified. Golding, Metam. iv. 597; fol. 52
(1603); id., xi. 677. See NED. (s.v. Flaite, also, Flight). ‘To flight’
means properly ‘to put to flight’, hence, ‘to frighten’, ‘to scare’. Cp.
EDD. (s.v. Flaite).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flanker,</span></span> a fortification protecting men against a ‘flank’ or side attack;
‘Flankers .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. cannon-proof’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Rossaline).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flantado,</span></span> flaunting display. Only occurs in Stanyhurst (tr. Aeneid,
i. 44).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='flapdragon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flapdragon,</span></span> a combustible put in liquor, to be swallowed flaming;
e.g. a raisin set on fire. L. L. L. v. 1. 45; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1
(Clause). Hence, as vb., to swallow quickly, Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 100.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flapjack,</span></span> a pancake; also, an apple turnover. Pericles, ii. 1. 87;
Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Vincent); see Nares. In prov. use in E.
Anglia, Sussex, and Somerset (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flappet,</span></span> a little flap; ‘A flappet of wood’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight
of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (<span class='it'>or</span> 3), Ralph. The sense of <span class='it'>flap</span> is here uncertain;
perhaps a fly-flapper, to keep off flies.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flash,</span></span> a pool, a marshy place. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 60; Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 70. In common prov. use in the north country, also in
Lincoln and Shropshire; occurring frequently in place-names, see EDD.
(s.v. Flash, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>flasch</span>, ‘lacuna’ (Prompt.), OF. <span class='it'>flache</span>, ‘locus aquis
stagnantibus oppletus’ (Didot), Med. L. <span class='it'>flachia</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flask,</span></span> to flap; also, to cause to flutter; ‘To flask his wings’, Golding,
Metam. vi. 703 (fol. 77); ‘The weather flaskt .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. her garments’, id., ii.
last line.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flasky,</span></span> (perhaps) belonging to a ‘flask’ or ‘flash’, a muddy pool; ‘The
flasky fiends of Limbo lake’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
iv. 149. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flat-cap,</span></span> a London citizen; esp. a London apprentice; ‘Flat-caps
thou call’st us. We scorne not the name’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV, sc. 1
(NED.); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 1 (Song, st. 4). See
Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flatchet,</span></span> a sword. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 92; <span class='it'>flachet</span>, iii. 241.
529. Cp. MHG. <span class='it'>flatsche</span>, <span class='it'>flasche</span>, a sword with a broad blade (Weigand).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flatted,</span></span> laid flat, levelled, made smooth. Dryden, Ceyx and Alcyone,
131; tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, 158. See EDD. (s.v. Flat, v. 21).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flaunt-a-flaunt,</span></span> flauntingly displayed. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flaw,</span></span> a gust of wind. Arden of Fev. iv. 4. 44; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 354;
Hamlet, v. 1. 239. Metaphorically, a quarrel; Webster, White Devil
(Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. In prov. use in Scotland, also, in Devon and
Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. dial, <span class='it'>flaga</span>, a gust of wind (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flaw,</span></span> to ‘flay’. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). In prov. use in
Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Flaw, vb. 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleck,</span></span> to spot, stain; hence <span class='it'>fleckt</span>, spotted in the cheek, flushed with
wine; ‘And drinke, till they be fleckt’, Mirror for Mag., Norfolk, st.
25. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England, see EDD.
(s.v. Fleck, vb.<sup>1</sup> 5). Cp. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>flekk</span>, a spot (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fledge'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fledge,</span></span> fully fledged, ready to fly. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal
ii. 147; ‘Fledge souls’, Herbert, Temple, Death. OE. <span class='it'>flycge</span>, fledged;
cp. G. <span class='it'>flügge</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Fledge). See <span class='bold'><a href='#flidge'>flidge</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fleet1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleet,</span></span> to be afloat. Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 171; to be overflowed, to be
covered with water; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33; to pass or while away (time),
As You Like It, i. 1. 124. OE. <span class='it'>flēotan</span>, to float.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleet,</span></span> to skim cream off milk; ‘I shall fleet their cream-bowls’, Grim
the Collier, iv. 1 (Robin), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 443; Lyly, Euphues
(ed. Arber, p. 336). In prov. use in the north country, E. Anglia, and
Kent and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, vb.<sup>2</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>flēt</span>, cream. Cp.
Bremen dial. <span class='it'>flöten</span>, ‘die Sahne von der Milch abnehmen’ (Wtb.).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>fleeten,</span> pale, of the colour of skimmed milk; ‘You fleeten face!’,
Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, iii. 1 (Conon).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleet,</span></span> a creek, inlet, run of water. Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 191; xxv. 51.
129. In prov. use in various parts of England; esp. in E. Anglia and
Kent; hence the name of Northfleet, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, sb.<sup>1</sup> 9). OE.
<span class='it'>flēot</span>, estuary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleme,</span></span> to put to flight. Morte Arthur, leaf 318. 8; bk. xiii, c. 16; lf.
414, back, 16; bk. xx, c. 17. OE. <span class='it'>flēman</span> (Anglian), to put to flight; deriv.
of <span class='it'>flēam</span>, flight.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flert;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#flirt'>flirt</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flesh,</span></span> to feed with flesh, to satiate, All’s Well, iv. 3. 19; 2 Hen. IV,
iv. 5. 133; to feed the sword with flesh for the first time, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4.
133; to make fierce and eager for combat, King John, v. 1. 71. Hence
<span class='it'>fleshed</span>, eager for battle, inured to bloodshed, Richard III, iv. 3. 6; ‘A
flesh’d ruffian’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2 (Zabulon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fletcher,</span></span> a maker or seller of arrows. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 110;
‘Jack Fletcher and his bolt’, Damon and Pithias (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 19).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>fleccher</span>, arrow-maker (Rough List); F. <span class='it'>flèche</span>, arrow.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flete,</span></span> to float. Surrey, Description of Spring, 8; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 4.
<span class='it'>Fletyng</span>, floating, swimming, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 259. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fleet1'>fleet</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flew,</span></span> the large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound; as of a bloodhound.
Hence <span class='it'>flews</span>, with the sense of flaps, or flapping skirts, Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre). Hence also <span class='it'>flew’d</span>, having flews (of a particular
quality), Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 125.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flew,</span></span> a tube, pipe; see <span class='bold'><a href='#flue'>flue</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='flibote'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flibote, fly-boat,</span></span> a fast-sailing vessel. Heywood, King Edw. IV
(Spicing), vol. i, p. 38; If you know not me (Medina), vol. i, p. 336. Dutch
<span class='it'>Vlie-boot</span>, boat on the river <span class='it'>Vlie</span>, the channel leading out of the Zuyder
Zee. See NED. (s.v. Fly-boat).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flicker,</span></span> to flutter. Fletcher, Pilgrim, i. 1 (Alphonso); Dryden, Palamon,
1399. Metaph. to make fond movements, as with wings: Palsgrave has,
‘<span class='it'>I flycker</span>, I kysse together.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flicker-mouse,</span></span> a bat, a ‘flittermouse’. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1;
‘<span class='it'>Ratepenade</span>, a bat, rearmouse or flickermouse’, Cotgrave. A Sussex word
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='flidge'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flidge,</span></span> fledged, furnished with feathers. Warner, Albion’s England.
bk. ii, ch. 10, st. 48; Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 4, p. 33; <span class='it'>flig</span>, Peele,
Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 408). OE. <span class='it'>flyege</span>, fledged. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fledge'>fledge</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flight,</span></span> an arrow for long distances, light and well-feathered. B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); <span class='it'>flight-shot</span>, the distance to which
a flight-arrow is shot, about 600 yards; ‘A flite shot over, as much as the
Tamise is above the Bridge’, Leland, Itin. (ed. 1744, iv. 41); ‘It being
from the park about two flight-shots in length’, Desc. of Royal Entertainment,
1613 (Works of T. Campion, ed. Bullen, p. 179); ‘Two flight-shot
off’, Heywood, A Woman Killed, iv. 5. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flip-flap,</span></span> a fly-flapper, for driving away flies. Dekker, O. Fortunatus,
i. 2 (Andelocia); <span class='it'>flyp-flap</span>, a lap of a garment, Skelton, Elynour Rummyng,
508.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='flirt'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flirt, flert,</span></span> to throw with a jerk, to jerk, fillip. Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, iii (ed. Arber, 84); Drayton, Pol. vi. 50; to move with a jerk, to
dart, to take short quick flights, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i (ed. Arber, 31).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flirt-gill, flurt-gill, flurt-gillian,</span></span> a woman of light behaviour, a
flirt. Romeo, ii. 4. 162; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 1
(Wife); <span class='it'>flurt-Gillian</span>, The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady). ‘Gill’ and ‘Gillian’
are forms of the Christian-name ‘Juliana’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flitter-mouse,</span></span> a bat. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Alken); Alchemist,
v. 2 (Subtle). In common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flix,</span></span> fur of the hare. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 132. Also applied to other
animals; ‘the flix of goat’, Dyer, The Fleece, bk. iv, l. 104. In prov. use
for the fur of a hare, rabbit, or cat, see EDD. (s.v. Flick, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>float,</span></span> flow, flood of the tide. Ford, Love’s Sacr. ii. 3; <span class='it'>in float</span>, at high
water, ‘Hee being now in Float for Treasure’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed.
Lumby, 128); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Rod). See <span class='bold'><a href='#flote'>flote</a></span> (wave).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flocket,</span></span> a loose garment with long sleeves. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 53.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Florentine,</span></span> a kind of pie; meat baked in a dish, with a cover of paste.
Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, v. 1 (Lazarillo); ‘I went to Florence,
from whence we have the art of making custards, which are therefore
called Florentines’, Wit’s Interpreter (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='flote'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flote,</span></span> a fleet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 142, back, 31; 216, back, 1;
Hakluyt, Voy. i. 296, l. 2; spelt <span class='it'>floate</span>, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 135.
OE. <span class='it'>flota</span>, a ship, fleet (BT.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flote,</span></span> a wave, billow; also, the sea; ‘The Mediterranean Flote’, Tempest,
i. 2. 234; ‘The flotes of the see’, Caxton, Jason, 114 (NED.). OF.
<span class='it'>flot</span>, a wave (Hatzfeld); cp. OE. <span class='it'>flot</span>, the sea (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flote,</span></span> to skim milk, to take off the cream. Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 1.
See EDD. (s.v. Float, vb. 16).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flower-de-luce,</span></span> the ‘fleur-de-lis’, a plant of the genus Iris. Tusser,
Husbandry, § 43. 11; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 16; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 127; also,
the heraldic lily, the armorial emblem of France, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 80.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flown:</span></span> ‘The Sons of Belial, flown with insolence and wine’, Milton,
P. L. i. 502; ‘Flowen with wine’, Ussher, Ann, vi. 250 (NED.). ‘Flown’
was orig. used of a stream in full flow, ‘in flood’; ‘Cedron .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. in wynter
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. is mervaylously flowen with rage of water’, Guilford’s Pilgrimage (ed.
Camden Soc. 31). See NED. (s.v. Flow, vb. 11 b).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fluce,</span></span> to flounce, plunge; ‘They [cattle] backward fluce and fling’,
Drayton, The Moon-calf, 1352. Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='flue'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flue, flew,</span></span> an air-passage, a tube or pipe. In NED. (s.v. Flue, sb.<sup>3</sup>) is
this note:—‘The following passage is usually quoted as the earliest example
of the word, which is supposed to mean here the spiral cavity of a shell.
But <span class='it'>flue</span> is probably a misprint for <span class='it'>flute</span>. [The quotation follows]: 1562,
Phaer, <span class='it'>Aeneid</span> x [l. 209 of Lat. text] With whelkid shell Whoes wrinckly
wreathed <span class='it'>flue</span>, did fearful shril in seas outyell.’ But this suggestion cannot
be right; for the word occurs again in a parallel passage, where the
spelling is <span class='it'>flew</span>, occurring at the end of a line, and riming with <span class='it'>blew</span>; viz.
‘Dolphins blew, And Tritons blowe their Trumpes, y<sup>t</sup> sounds in seas
w<sup>t</sup> dropping <span class='it'>flew</span>,’ Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, v. 824.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fluence,</span></span> a flowing stream. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224; also,
fluency, Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Works, vol. ii, p. 86).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flundering,</span></span> ‘floundering’, plunging and tossing; ‘Th’ unruly flundring
steeds’, H. More, Song of Soul, i. 1. 17; Chapman, Gent. Usher,
i. 1 (Vincentio); the word makes no sense here, for the passage is
intentional nonsense. But it’s a loud-sounding and impressive word.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flundge,</span></span> fly out, are flung out. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 59.
An onomatopoeic word, not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flurt at,</span></span> to sneer at, to scoff at. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 19; Beaumont
and Fl., Rule a Wife, iii. 2; id., Pilgrim, i. 1; iii. 1; Wild Goose
Chase, ii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Flirt, vb. 4 a).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flush,</span></span> a term at primero; when a player held four cards of the same
colour. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). See <span class='bold'><a href='#five-and-fifty'>five-and-fifty</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fluxure,</span></span> fluidity; also, moisture; ‘Moisture and fluxure’, B. Jonson,
Induct. to Ev. Man out of Humour (Asper); Mirror for Mag., Cromwell
(by Drayton), st. 117. Late L. <span class='it'>fluxura</span> (Tertullian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fly,</span></span> a domestic parasite, a familiar. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2
(Theoph.). Also, a familiar spirit; ‘I have my flies abroad’, B. Jonson,
Alchem. iii. 2 (Face). See NED. (s.v. Fly, sb.<sup>1</sup> 5, a, b.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fly-boat;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#flibote'>flibote</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fob;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#fub2'>fub</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fobus,</span></span> a cheat; for <span class='it'>fob-us</span>, i.e. cheat us; from <span class='it'>fob</span>, to cheat. ‘You old
fobus’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Jerry).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fode,</span></span> a creature, person, man. Squire of Low Degree, l. 364; in
Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, ii. 37; The World and the Child, l. 4;
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. Also, a companion, id. 247. ME. <span class='it'>fode</span>,
a person, creature (Prov. Hendyng, 63); see Dict. M. and S.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fode, foad,</span></span> to beguile with show of kindness or fair words, to soothe
in fancied security. Golding translates ‘Favet huic Aurora timori’, in
Ovid, Met. vii. 721, by ‘The morning foading this my feare’, ed. 1587,
99<sup>b</sup>. Skelton has <span class='it'>fode</span>, Magnyfycence, 1719. ME. <span class='it'>foden</span>, to beguile (Will.
Palerne, 1646).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fog,</span></span> rank, coarse grass. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 399; ‘Fogg in some places
signifies long grass remaining in pasture till winter’, Worlidge, Dict.
Rust.; ‘Fogge, <span class='it'>postfaenium</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. Hence <span class='it'>foggy</span>, abounding
in coarse grass, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 115; moist, Golding, Metam. xv. 203.
‘Fog’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for the aftermath; the
long grass left standing in the fields during winter (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>fogge</span>
(Cleanness, 1683, in Allit. Poems, 85). Norm. dial. <span class='it'>fogge</span>, long grass (Ross).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fog,</span></span> to traffic in a servile way, hunt after, cheat. <span class='it'>Fogging</span> rascal,
Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto). A back-formation from <span class='it'>fogger</span>;
cp. ‘pettyfogger’; see Dict. (s.v. Petty).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foggy,</span></span> flabby, puffy, corpulent; ‘Fat and foggy’, Contention betw.
Liberality and Prodigality, v. 4 (Lib.); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 377;
‘<span class='it'>Un enbonpoint de nourrice</span>, a plump, fat, or foggy constitution of body’,
Cotgrave; ‘Foggy, to [too] ful of waste flesshe’, Palsgrave. Also <span class='it'>fog</span>,
bloated, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 672. ‘Foggy’ is in prov. use in
the north country for fat, corpulent.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fogue,</span></span> fury. Dryden, Astraea Redux, 203. Ital. <span class='it'>foga</span>, fury, violent
force (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foil, foyle,</span></span> to tread under foot, trample down; ‘That Idoll .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. he
did foyle In filthy durt’, Spenser. F. Q. v. 11. 33; the tread or track of
a hunted animal, ‘What? hunt a wife on the dull foil!’, Otway, Venice
Preserved, iii. 2 (Pierre); <span class='it'>foyling</span>, ‘<span class='it'>Foulée</span>, the slot of a stag, the fuse of
a buck (the view or footing of either) upon hard ground, grass, leaves, or
dust; we call it (most properly) his foyling’, Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v.
Foil, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foil, foyle,</span></span> repulse, defeat, disgrace. Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. 18;
1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 23. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foin,</span></span> a thrust, in fencing. King Lear, iv. 6. 251; ‘Keep at the foin’
(i.e. do not close in fight), Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, ii. 389.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='foist1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foist,</span></span> a light galley; ‘The Lord Mayor’s foist,’ B. Jonson, Epig. cxxxiii;
Voyage, 100; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. F. <span class='it'>fuste</span>, ‘a foist, a light
galley’ (Cotgr.). Ital. <span class='it'>fusta</span>, ‘a foist, a fly-boat, a light galley’ (Florio);
O. Prov. <span class='it'>fusta</span>, ‘poutre, bois, vaisseau, navire’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>fusta</span>, a
galley, orig. a piece of timber (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#galley-foist'>galley-foist</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foist</span></span> (a term in dice-play), to ‘palm’ or conceal in the fist, to manage
the dice so as to fall as required, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54);
to cheat, play tricks, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); a cheat,
a pickpocket, B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob); Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1; a trick, B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Vol.); <span class='it'>foister</span>, a cheat,
a sharper, Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 32. Du. <span class='it'>vuisten</span>, to keep in the fist;
<span class='it'>vuist</span>, the fist. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>folk-mote,</span></span> an assembly of the people. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 6. OE.
<span class='it'>folc-mōt</span>; <span class='it'>folc</span>, folk, people, and <span class='it'>mōt</span>, a moot or meeting.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>folt,</span></span> a foolish person. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 304;
<span class='it'>foult</span>, Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1. ME. <span class='it'>folett</span>, ‘stolidus’ (Prompt.).
OF. <span class='it'>folet</span>, ‘a pretty fool, a little fop, a young coxe, none of the wisest’
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>folter.</span></span> Of the limbs: to give way; ‘His [the horse’s] legges hath
foltred’, Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. 1, ch. 17; of one’s speech:
to stumble, to stammer, Golding, Metam. iii. 277. See NED. (s.v.
Falter, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fon,</span></span> a fool. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 59. ME. <span class='it'>fon</span> (Wars Alex.
2944); <span class='it'>fonne</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4089).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fond,</span></span> to play the fool, become foolish; to dote; ‘I fonde, or dote
upon’, Palsgrave. Hence <span class='it'>fonded</span>, befooled, full of folly, Surrey, tr. of
Aeneid, iv, l. 489 (L. <span class='it'>demens</span>, l. 374); ‘A fonded louer’ (an infatuated
lover), Turbervile, The Lover, seing himselfe abusde, renounceth love, l. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fond,</span></span> to found. Misspelt, for the sake of a quibble upon <span class='it'>fond</span>, foolish;
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Hammon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fone,</span></span> foes. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 10; Visions of Bellay, v. 10. OE.
<span class='it'>ge-fān</span>, foes; pl. of <span class='it'>ge-fā</span>, a foe.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foody,</span></span> abounding in food, supplying food. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi.
104; ‘Their foody fall,’ their settlement in a food-supplying place, id., xv.
638. ‘Foody’ is in prov. use in the north of England for rich, fertile, full of
grass (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='footcloth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>footcloth,</span></span> a large richly-ornamented cloth laid over the back of a horse
and hanging down to the ground on each side; considered as a mark of
dignity and state (NED.). 2 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 51; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman,
ii. 1 (Marine); Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 2 (Thierry); ‘My foot-cloth
horse’, Richard III, iii. 4. 80; hence <span class='it'>foot-cloth</span>, a horse provided with
this adornment, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foot-pace,</span></span> a raised platform for supporting a chair of state. Bacon,
Essay 56, § 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 466. F. <span class='it'>pas</span>, a step.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foot-saunt,</span></span> a game at cards; also called <span class='it'>cent-foot</span>, and apparently the
same as <span class='it'>cent</span>. Only in Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cent'>cent</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fopdoodle,</span></span> a simpleton. Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, ii. 1 (Calaminta);
Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 998.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='for-'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>for-,</span></span> intensive prefix, as distinct from <span class='it'>fore-</span>, beforehand. OE. <span class='it'>for-</span>. Examples
are given below: as <span class='it'>for-do</span>, <span class='it'>-hale</span>, <span class='it'>-slack</span>, <span class='it'>-slow</span>, <span class='it'>-speak</span>, <span class='it'>-spent</span>, <span class='it'>-swatt</span>,
<span class='it'>-swonck</span>, <span class='it'>-weary</span>, <span class='it'>-wounded</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>for,</span></span> against, in order to prevent; chiefly with a sb. of verbal origin.
Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 2; Two Gent. of Verona, i. 2. 136; <span class='it'>for going</span>,
i.e. to prevent going, to save from going, Pericles, i. 1. 40. (Common;
and, if the meaning be not caught, the sense of the sentence is altered.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forby, foreby,</span></span> hard by, near. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; v. 2. 54; by, id.,
v. 11. 17. ME. <span class='it'>forby</span> (Barbour’s Bruce, x. 345).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>force.</span></span> <span class='it'>Of force</span>, of necessity, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 5. 2; <span class='it'>on force</span>, Heywood
and Rowley, Fortune by Land, &amp;c., ii. 1 (John); Works, vi. 381; <span class='it'>force
perforce</span>, by violent constraint, King John, iii. 1. 142; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 116;
<span class='it'>to hunt at force</span>, to run the game down with dogs instead of slaying with
weapons, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>force.</span></span> <span class='it'>It is force</span>, it is of consequence or importance; usually negative,
<span class='it'>it is no force</span>, it does not matter, <span class='it'>no force</span>, no matter, <span class='it'>what force</span>? what matter?;
‘No force for that, for it is ordered so’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (Works,
ed. Bell, 217). ME. <span class='it'>no force</span>, <span class='it'>no fors</span>, no matter, no consequence; <span class='it'>what fors</span>,
what matter (Chaucer). Cp. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>force ne fe</span>t, it makes no force, it
matters not (Bozon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>force,</span></span> to trouble oneself, care; ‘I force it not’, I reck not of it, I care
not for it, Mucedorus, Induction, 68; <span class='it'>it forceth not</span>, it matters not, it is not
material, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 52). See NED. (s.v. Force,
vb.<sup>1</sup> 14 b).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fordo,</span></span> to destroy, overcome. Hamlet, ii. 1. 103. OE. <span class='it'>fordōn</span>, to
destroy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fore-,</span></span> prefix; often miswritten for the prefix <span class='it'>for-</span>, as in <span class='it'>forespent</span> for <span class='it'>forspent</span>.
See under <span class='bold'><a href='#for-'>for-</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forehand:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>forehand</span> (<span class='it'>shaft</span>), an arrow used for shooting straight
before one. Ascham, Toxoph. p. 126; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52; former, previous,
Much Ado, iv. 1. 51; foremost, leading, Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 618; in the
front, the mainstay, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 143.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forelay,</span></span> to lie in wait for. Dryden, Palamon, i. 493; also, to hinder,
Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid xi, 781.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forepoynted,</span></span> appointed beforehand. Gascoigne, Hermit’s Tale, § 2;
ed. Hazlitt, ii. 141.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fore-right,</span></span> right on, straight ahead. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of
Malta, ii. 3. 8; said of a favourable wind, Massinger, Renegado, v. 8 (Aga).
In prov. use in Devon and Cornwall in the sense of straight forward
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foreset.</span></span> <span class='it'>Of foreset</span>, of set purpose, purposely. Ferrex and Porrex, ii. 2,
chorus, 13. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forespeak,</span></span> to predict; especially, to foretell evil about one. Chapman,
tr. of Iliad, xvi. 792; xvii. 32; Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Mother Sawyer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forfaint,</span></span> very faint, extremely languid. Sackville, Induction, § 15;
Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 73.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='forfare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forfare,</span></span> to perish, decay; ‘Thonge Castell .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. is now forfaryn’,
Fabyan, Chron., Pt. V, c. 83 (side-note); ed. Ellis, 61. ME. <span class='it'>forfaren</span> (Gen.
and Ex. 3018).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forgetive,</span></span> inventive. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 107. A word of uncertain
formation, commonly taken to be a deriv. of the vb. ‘to forge’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forgrown,</span></span> grown out of use. Gascoigne, Prol., to Hermit’s Tale, ed.
Hazlitt, i. 139.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forhaile,</span></span> to distract. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 243. See NED. (s.v.
For-, prefix<sup>1</sup> 5 b).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>for-hent,</span></span> seized beforehand. Better <span class='it'>fore-hent</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 49.
From <span class='it'>fore</span>, before, and <span class='it'>hent</span>, caught, from OE. <span class='it'>hentan</span>, to seize.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forhewed,</span></span> much hacked, severely cut. Sackville, Induction, st. 57.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forjust,</span></span> to tire out in ‘justing’, beat in a tilting-match. Morte
Arthur, leaf 162. 35; bk. viii, c. 33.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forkhead,</span></span> the head of an arrow, with two barbs pointing forward,
instead of backward, as in the <span class='it'>swallow-tail</span>. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 135.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forks,</span></span> a forked stake used as a (Roman) whipping-post. Fletcher,
Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); ii. 4 (Decius). L. <span class='it'>furcae</span>, pl., forks; hence, a
yoke under which defeated enemies passed; also, a whipping-post.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forlore,</span></span> utterly wasted. Sackville, Induction, st. 48; <span class='it'>forlorne</span>, made
bare, id. st. 8. OE. <span class='it'>forloren</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>forlēosan</span>, to lose, also, to destroy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>formerly,</span></span> first of all, beforehand. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 38; vi. 3. 38.
Also, just now, even now; id., ii. 12. 67; Merch. Venice, iv. 1. 362.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forpine,</span></span> to waste away. Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, 15; <span class='it'>forpined</span>,
wasted, Hall, Sat. v. 2. 91.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forsane,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> ‘forsaken’, avoided, Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 720; xi. 412.
I can find no third example of the form <span class='it'>forsaken</span> being thus contracted.
(Not in NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forslack, foreslack,</span></span> to delay, to spoil by delay. Spenser, F. Q. vi.
12. 12; vii. 7. 45.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='forslow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forslow,</span></span> to delay. Marlowe, Edw. II, ii 4. 39. Ill spelt <span class='it'>foreslow</span>, 3 Hen.
VI, ii. 3. 56; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 5 (Macilense).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forsonke,</span></span> deeply sunk. Sackville, Induction, st. 20.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forspeak,</span></span> to speak against. Ant. and Cl. iii. 7. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forspeak,</span></span> to bewitch. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 1 (Asotus);
Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 12; ‘They [the witches] saie they
have .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. forespoken hir neighbour’, R. Scot, Discov. Witchcraft, iii. 2. 45
(NED.); ‘<span class='it'>Fasciner</span>, to charm, bewitch, forspeak; <span class='it'>fasciné</span>, forspoken’, Cotgrave.
In prov. use in Scotland for ‘to bewitch’, ‘to cause ill-luck by
immoderate praise’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>forspekyn</span>, or charmyn, ‘fascino’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forspent,</span></span> exhausted. 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 37; misspelt <span class='it'>forespent</span>, Sackville,
Induction, st. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forswatt,</span></span> covered with ‘sweat’. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forswonck,</span></span> spent with toil. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99. See <span class='bold'><a href='#swink'>swink</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forth dayes,</span></span> late in the day. Morte Arthur, leaf 402, back, 19; bk.
xx, c. 5. ME. ‘Whanne it was forth daies hise disciplis camen’, Wyclif,
Mark vi. 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forthink,</span></span> to regret, to be sorry for. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 32; ‘I forthynke,
I repent me, <span class='it'>Je me repens</span>’, Palsgrave. A north-country word
(EDD.), ME. <span class='it'>forthynke</span>, ‘penitere’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. for <span class='it'>forþencan</span>, to despise.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forthright,</span></span> straight forward. Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 1076; id., Palamon,
ii. 237; used as sb., a straight course, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 158. In use in
Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Forth). ME. <span class='it'>forth right</span> (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 295).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forthy,</span></span> therefore, on that account. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 14; Shep. Kal.,
March, 37. ME. <span class='it'>for-thy</span>, therefore (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1841); OE. <span class='it'>for-ðȳ</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwaste,</span></span> wasted utterly. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. (Better <span class='it'>forwast</span>,
where <span class='it'>wast</span> is contracted from <span class='it'>wasted</span>.) <span class='it'>Forwasted</span>, laid waste, Spenser, F. Q.
i. 11. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwearied,</span></span> extremely wearied. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 13; Davies,
Orchestra, 58 (Arber’s Garland, v. 37).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwhy,</span></span> because. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 412, col. 1; Richard II,
v. 1. 46. ME. <span class='it'>for-why</span> (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 461); see Dict. M. and S., and
Wright’s Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwithered,</span></span> utterly withered. Sackville, Induction, st. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forworn,</span></span> worn out, exhausted. Gascoigne, Jocasta, iv. 1 (Antigone).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwounded,</span></span> badly wounded. Morte Arthur, leaf 175, back, 26;
bk. ix, c. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foster,</span></span> a ‘forester’. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 17; iii. 4. 50. Hence the
surname ‘Foster’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fougade,</span></span> a small powder-mine; applied to the gunpowder plot of Guy
Fawkes; ‘The fougade or powder plot’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i,
§ 17. F. <span class='it'>fougade</span>, a mine (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foulder,</span></span> a thunder-bolt. Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 47; hence as
vb., to drive out, as with a thunder-bolt, id., Mortimer, st. 4. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>fouldre</span> (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fouldring,</span></span> thunderous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 20.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='foumerd'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foumerd,</span></span> a ‘foumart’, polecat. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 52. For
numerous forms of this very general prov. name for the polecat see EDD.
(s.v. Foumart). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fulmart'>fulmart</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fourraye,</span></span> to fall upon, attack, raid; lit. to foray, plunder, act as
forayers. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 203. 8; <span class='it'>foureyed and threstid</span>, charged
and thrust, id., leaf 299. 29. See NED. (s.v. Foray).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foutra, footra,</span></span> an expression of contempt; <span class='it'>a foutra for</span>, a fig for.
2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 103; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). For the
origin, see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fowe, fow,</span></span> to clean out, cleanse; ‘I fowe a gonge’, Palsgrave. In prov.
use in some parts of England for the more usual ‘fey’ or ‘fie’, see EDD.
(s.v. Fay, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>fowyn</span>, or make clean, ‘mundo, emundo’ (Prompt.
EETS. 184, see note no. 833); Icel. <span class='it'>fāga</span>, to clean.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fowl,</span></span> a bird; pronounced like <span class='it'>fool</span>, and quibbled upon. 3 Hen. VI, v.
6. 18-20.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fox,</span></span> a kind of sword. Hen. V, iv. 4. 9; ‘A right [genuine] fox’, Two
Angry Women, ii. 4 (Coomes). The wolf on some makes of sword-blade
is supposed to have been mistaken for a fox.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foxed,</span></span> drunk. (Cant.) Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 3 (Clown);
<span class='it'>fox</span>, to make drunk, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 (near the end); Pepys,
Diary, Oct. 26, 1660.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fox-in-the-hole,</span></span> a game in which boys hopped on one leg, and beat
each other with pieces of leather (Boas). Kyd, Soliman and Persida, i. 3
(end); Herrick, The Country Life, 57.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foy,</span></span> fidelity, homage. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 41. F. <span class='it'>foi</span>, faith.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> fraught, loaded. Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce, p. 601, col. 1;
Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='frail'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frail,</span></span> a basket made of rushes. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 2 (Peregrine);
‘A frail of figges’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2 (Silena); ‘<span class='it'>Cabas</span>, a frail for
raisins or figs’, Cotgrave; so Palsgrave. In common prov. use in various
parts of England—the Midlands, E. Anglia, and south-west counties—for
a soft flexible basket used by workmen and tradesmen (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>ffrayl</span>
of <span class='it'>ffrute</span>, ‘carica’ (Prompt.), <span class='it'>fraiel</span> (Wyclif, Jer. xxiv. 2); OF. <span class='it'>frayel</span>, ‘cabas
à figues’ (La Curne). See Thomas, Phil. Fr. 366.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraischeur,</span></span> freshness, coolness. Dryden, Poem on the Coronation, 102.
F. <span class='it'>fraischeur</span> (mod. <span class='it'>fraîcheur</span>), coolness (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>franion,</span></span> an idle, loose, licentious person. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; v. 3.
22; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); Works, i. 44. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frank,</span></span> a sty, a place to feed pigs in. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 160; ‘<span class='it'>Franc</span>, a
franke, or stie, to feed or fatten hogs in’, Cotgrave; as vb., to fatten, confine
in a sty, Richard III, i. 3. 314; Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 14.
ME. <span class='it'>frank</span>, a place for fattening animals, ‘saginarium’ (Prompt.), see Way’s
note; OF. <span class='it'>franc</span> (Didot), see Ducange (s.v. Francum).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frapler,</span></span> a blusterer, quarrelsome person. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels,
iv. 1 (Amorphus); see NED. (s.v. Fraple). Cp. <span class='it'>frap</span>, to quarrel, <span class='it'>frappish</span>,
quarrelsome, in EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frappet,</span></span> an endearing term addressed to a girl; ‘My little frappet’,
Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v. 1 (Ilford).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraught,</span></span> freight, cargo. Edw. III, v. 1. 79; Tempest, v. 1. 61; <span class='it'>fig.</span> of
news brought by a new-comer. Milton, Samson, 1075; as vb., to lade, load,
form a cargo, Tempest, 1. 2. 13. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraunch,</span></span> to devour; ‘Fraunching the fysh .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. with teath of brasse’,
Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 69; <span class='it'>fraunshe</span>, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575,
358); see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraunchise,</span></span> freedom. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 15, § last;
Fabyan, Chron. an. 1247-8, ed. Ellis, p. 336. ME. <span class='it'>franchyse</span>, privilege
(Chaucer), <span class='it'>fraunchyse</span>, ‘libertas’ (Prompt.); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>fraunchise</span>, freedom,
privileged liberty (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraying,</span></span> the coating rubbed off the horns of a deer, when she rubs it
against a tree. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraying-stock,</span></span> a tree-stem against which a hart frays (or rubs) his
horns. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 27, p. 69.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fream,</span></span> to roar, rage. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, ii. 234; iv. 169. L.
<span class='it'>fremere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>freat,</span></span> a weak place or blemish in a bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 114,
120; as vb., to injure, damage, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 4; in Tottel’s
Misc., p. 27. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>frete</span> (<span class='it'>fraite</span>), a breach, injury,
see La Curne (s.v. Fraicte), and Didot (s.v. Fraite).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>freke,</span></span> a warrior, fighting-man. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; Grimald,
Epitaph on Sir J. Wilford, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 112. ME. <span class='it'>freke</span>, a warrior,
a man (Dict. M. and S.), OE. <span class='it'>freca</span> (Beowulf).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fremman,</span></span> a stranger. Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 210.
For <span class='it'>fremd man</span>; ‘Fremd’ is in common prov. use for strange, foreign, in
Scotland and the north of England down to Northampton (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>fremede</span>, foreign (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>fremede</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frenne,</span></span> a stranger, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 28. ‘Fren’ is given as
a Caithness word in EDD. ME. <span class='it'>frend</span>, foreign (Plowman’s Tale, 626).
See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frequent,</span></span> crowded, well-attended. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 3. 1; Dryden,
Hind and Panther, iii. 25; <span class='it'>f. to</span>, addicted to, Wint. Tale, iv. 2. 36;
<span class='it'>frequent with</span>, familiar with, Shak. Sonnet 117. L. <span class='it'>frequens</span>, crowded (Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>freshet,</span></span> a stream or brook of fresh water. Hakluyt, Voy. i. 113, l. 4
from bottom; Milton, P. R. ii. 345.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fret'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fret,</span></span> to wear away; to chafe, rub; ‘Frets like a gummed velvet’,
2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 2. (Velvet, when stiffened with gum, quickly rubbed and
fretted itself out.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>friar’s lantern,</span></span> <span class='it'>Ignis fatuus</span>, will-of-the-wisp. Milton, L’Allegro,
104. [Scott in Marmion, iv. i, following Milton, has taken the ‘friar’ to
be Friar Rush, who had nothing to do with the <span class='it'>Ignis fatuus</span>, but was the
hero of a popular story—a demon disguised as a friar.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frim,</span></span> vigorous; ‘My frim and lusty flank’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 397;
abundant in sap, juicy, id., Owle, 5; Worlidge, Syst. Agric, 224. In gen.
prov. use in England in the sense of vigorous, healthy, thriving, in good
condition, luxuriant in growth; also, juicy, succulent (EDD.). OE.
*<span class='it'>frym</span>, cogn. w. <span class='it'>freme</span>, good, strenuous (BT.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frisle,</span></span> to ‘frizzle’, to curl the hair in small crisp curls. Gascoigne,
Steel Glas, 1145; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, xii. 100. See EDD. (s.v. Frizzle, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frith,</span></span> wooded country, wood; often used vaguely; ‘In fryth or fell’,
Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ix.
85 (L. <span class='it'>silva</span>). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>frith</span>, ‘frith and fell’ (Cursor M. 7697). OE. <span class='it'>fyrhð</span>, a wood (Earle, Charters,
158).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fro, froe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#frow'>frow</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fro,</span></span> to go frowardly or amiss, to be unsuccessful. Mirror for Mag.,
Yorke, st. 23.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frolic,</span></span> <span class='it'>s.</span>, (prob.) a set of humorous verses sent round at a feast.
B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3 (Meer.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>froligozene,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, rejoice!, be happy! Two Angry Women, ii. 2
(end); Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 173.
Du. <span class='it'>vrolijk zijn</span>, to be cheerful.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fronted,</span></span> confronted. Bacon, Essay 15, § 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frontisterion;</span></span> in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 310. See <span class='bold'><a href='#phrontisterion'>phrontisterion</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frontless,</span></span> shameless. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 159; Odyssey, i. 425;
Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1040. 1187.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frore,</span></span> intensely cold, frosty; ‘The parching Air Burns frore’, Milton,
P. L. ii. 595. Now only in poetical diction after Milton’s use. OE. <span class='it'>froren</span>
pp. of <span class='it'>frēosan</span>, to freeze. ‘Frore’ is still in prov. use in various parts of
England for ‘frozen’, see EDD. (s.v. Freeze, 3 (11)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frorn,</span></span> frozen. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 243. In use in E. Anglia.
See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frory,</span></span> frosty. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 35. A Suffolk word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frosling,</span></span> a ‘frostling’, a gosling nipped or injured by frost. Skelton,
El. Rummyng, 460. ‘Froslin(g’ is a Suffolk word for anything—plant or
animal—injured by the frost (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frote, froat,</span></span> to rub, chafe; to rub a garment with perfumes. B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv.
3 (1 Creditor). In prov. use in the north country and Shropshire (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>frote</span>, to rub (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1115, OF. <span class='it'>froter</span> (F. <span class='it'>frotter</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frounce,</span></span> to frizz or curl the hair; ‘An ouerstaring frounced hed’,
Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); Milton, Il Penseroso, 123.
F. <span class='it'>froncer</span>, to wrinkle the brow, to frown. See Dict. (s.v. Flounce, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='frow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frow, frowe, fro,</span></span> a Dutchwoman; a woman. London Prodigall, v.
1. 164; Bacchus’ <span class='it'>froes</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, v. 1
(Wittypate). Du. <span class='it'>vrouw</span>; cp. G. <span class='it'>Frau</span>. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frowy,</span></span> musty, sour, stale; ‘They like not of the frowie fede’, Spenser,
Shep. Kal., July, 111. In use in E. Anglia and America, see EDD. (s.v.
Frowy), and NED. (s.v. Froughy). Probably a deriv. of OE. <span class='it'>þrōh</span>, rancid
(Napier’s OE. Glosses, vii. 193 and 210).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>froy,</span></span> brave, handsome, gallant; ‘And then my froy Hans Buz,
A Dutchman’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Thomas). Du. <span class='it'>fraai</span>,
‘brave, handsome, gallant, neat’ (Sewel). Cp. F. <span class='it'>frais</span>, ‘fresh, young,
lusty’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frubber,</span></span> a furbisher, burnisher, or polisher. Said to a maid-servant,
Chapman, Widow’s Tears, v. 3 (Tharsalio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frubbish,</span></span> to polish by rubbing; ‘To frubbish, <span class='it'>fricando polire</span>’, Levins,
Manip.; hence, <span class='it'>frubisher</span>, a polisher, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1076. F.
<span class='it'>fourbir</span>, ‘to furbish, polish’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frump,</span></span> to mock or snub. Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 (Franio);
‘<span class='it'>Sorner</span>, to jest, boord, frump, gull’, Cotgrave; ‘Hee frumpeth those his
mistresse frownes on’, Man in the Moone (Nares); a scoffer, Gascoigne
(ed. Hazlitt, i. 24); a taunt, a biting sarcasm, Harington, Epigrams
(Nares); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 3. ‘To frump’ is in
prov. use in many parts of England, meaning to flout, jeer; to scold,
speak sharply or rudely to, see EDD. (s.v. Frump, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='frush1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frush,</span></span> to bruise, batter. Tr. and Cr. v. 6. 29; <span class='it'>frusshid</span>, dashed in
pieces, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 28. OF. <span class='it'>fruissier</span>, <span class='it'>froissier</span>, to break
to pieces.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frush,</span></span> fragments, remnants. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 39. A
Scottish word, see EDD. (s.v. Frush, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fub,</span></span> a cheat, a fool. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Malevole).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fub2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fub</span></span> (<span class='it'>gen.</span> with <span class='it'>off</span>), to put off deceitfully. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 37; <span class='it'>to fob
off</span>, Coriolanus, i. 1. 97. Cp. Low G. <span class='it'>foppen</span>, ‘Einen zum Narren haben’
(Berghaus). See EDD. (s.v. Fob, vb.<sup>4</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fubbed,</span></span> fobbed, cheated. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fucate,</span></span> artificially painted over, disguised. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. iii, c. 4, § last but one. L. <span class='it'>fucatus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>fucare</span>, to paint the face;
from <span class='it'>fucus</span>; see below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fucus,</span></span> paint for the complexion, a cosmetic. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 1
(Eudemus); Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo). L. <span class='it'>fucus</span>,
red dye. Gk. φῦκος, <span class='it'>rouge</span>, prepared from seaweed so called.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fuge,</span></span> to flee, flee away; ‘I to fuge and away’, Gascoigne, Works, i.
231. (The construction seems to be—<span class='it'>I</span> (<span class='it'>gan</span>) <span class='it'>to fuge.</span>) L. <span class='it'>fugere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fulker,</span></span> a pawn-broker. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). Cp.
Du. <span class='it'>focker</span>, ‘an engrosser of wares’ (Hexham). See Fog (to traffic).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fullam,</span></span> a loaded dice. Merry Wives, i. 3. 94. Spelt <span class='it'>fulham</span>. Butler,
Hudibras, ii. 1. 642.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='fulmart'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fulmart,</span></span> a ‘foumart’, pole-cat. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 4 (Lady
Tub); also <span class='it'>fullymart</span>, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 31. ME. <span class='it'>fulmard</span>,
<span class='it'>fulmerde</span>, a polecat, OE. <span class='it'>fūl</span>, foul, and <span class='it'>mearð</span>, marten, see Dict. M. and S.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#foumerd'>foumerd</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fum,</span></span> to play or thrum (on a guitar) with the fingers. Westward Ho,
v. 2; Dryden, Assignation, ii. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumado, fumatho,</span></span> a smoked pilchard; ‘Cornish pilchards, otherwise
called <span class='it'>Fumados</span>’, Nash, Lenten Stuff (1871), p. 61 (NED.); <span class='it'>fumatho</span>,
Marston, The Fawn, iv. 1 (Page); ‘Their pilchards .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. by the name of
Fumadoes, with oyle and a lemon, are meat for the mightiest Don in
Spain’, Fuller, Worthies, Cornwall, 1. 194. Span. <span class='it'>fumado</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>fumar</span>,
to smoke; L. <span class='it'>fumus</span>, smoke. See EDD. (s.v. Fair-maid).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumbling,</span></span> rambling in speech, hesitating. North, tr. of Plutarch,
J. Caesar, § 43 (in Shak. Plut., p. 98, n. 2); ‘Thy fumbling throat’,
Marston, Antonio’s Revenge, i. 1 (Piero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumer,</span></span> a perfumer. Beaumont and Fl., Triumph of Time, sc. 1 (Desire).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumish,</span></span> angry, fractious. See EDD. and Nares. <span class='it'>Fumishly</span>, with indignation,
‘Toke highly or fumishly’; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumishing,</span></span> variant of <span class='it'>fewmishing</span>, the dung of a hart or deer. Turbervile,
Hunting, c. 23; p. 65. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fewmets'>fewmets</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>funambulous,</span></span> narrow, as if one were walking on a tight-rope; ‘This
funambulous path’, Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 31.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furacane, furicane,</span></span> a hurricane; ‘These tempestes of the ayer .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
they caule Furacanes’, R. Eden, First three E. Books on America (ed.
Arber, p. 81). <span class='it'>Furicanes</span>, Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, vol. iii, p. 405.
O. Span. <span class='it'>furacan</span> (Sp. <span class='it'>huracan</span>), Pg. <span class='it'>furacão</span>, from the Carib word given by
Peter Martyr as <span class='it'>furacan</span>. See NED. (s.v. Hurricane).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furbery,</span></span> a trick, imposture. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. viii, p. 43.
F. <span class='it'>fourberie</span>, a trick.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fur-fare,</span></span> to cause to perish, destroy. Morte Arthur, leaf 95, back, 30;
bk. vi, c. 6. See <span class='bold'><a href='#forfare'>forfare</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furniment,</span></span> furniture, array. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 38. F. <span class='it'>fourniment</span>,
provision, furniture; <span class='it'>fournir</span>, to furnish (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furniture,</span></span> equipment. Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 182; trappings, All’s
Well, ii. 3. 65.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furny;</span></span> ‘I have a furny card in a place’, Lusty Juventus, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, ii. 78. Meaning doubtful; perhaps = F. <span class='it'>fourni</span>, provided.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fustick,</span></span> the name of a kind of wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123;
Dyer, The Fleece, bk. iii. 189. The name was given to <span class='it'>two</span> kinds of wood:
(<span class='it'>a</span>) that of the Venetian sumach (<span class='it'>Rhus Cotinus</span>); (<span class='it'>b</span>) of the <span class='it'>Cladrastis tinctoria</span>
of the W. Indies. F. and Span. <span class='it'>fustoc</span>, Arab. <span class='it'>fustuq</span>; from Gk. πιστάκη,
pistachio.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>futile,</span></span> unable to hold one’s tongue, loquacious. Bacon, Essay 20, § 4.
L. <span class='it'>futilis</span>, that easily pours out, ‘leaky’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fyaunts;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#fiants'>fiants</a>.</span></p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='G'>G</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gabel,</span></span> tribute, tax. Massinger, Emp. of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria).
OF. <span class='it'>gabelle</span>, Late L. <span class='it'>gabella</span>; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>gabulum</span>, tribute (Ducange). A word
of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, pp. 74, 75, and Modern Language
Review, July, 1912 (note by A. L. Mayhew on ‘Gavelkind’).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gable,</span></span> a ‘cable’, rope. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 333; ix. 211; x.
165; xii. 47, 577. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaffle,</span></span> a steel lever for bonding the cross-bow. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium,
Nymphal vi, 67; Complete Gunner, iii. 15. 12 (NED.). Du. <span class='it'>gaffel</span>,
a fork.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gage,</span></span> a quart-pot. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen);
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘<span class='it'>A gage of bowse</span>, whiche is a quart-pot
of drinke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 34. For <span class='it'>gauge</span>, i.e. a measure.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gag-tooth,</span></span> a projecting or prominent tooth. Return from Parnassus,
l. 2 (Ingenieso); hence, <span class='it'>gag-toothed</span>, Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio);
<span class='it'>gagge-toothed</span>, Lyly, Euphues, p. 116.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gain,</span></span> near, straight, direct; said of a way; ‘They told me it was a
<span class='it'>gayner</span> way, and a fayrer way’, Latimer, 3 Sermon before King, ed. Arber,
p. 101 (top). In gen. prov. use in Scotland, and in England in the north
country, Midlands, and E. Anglia, EDD. (s.v. Gain, adj. 1). ME. <span class='it'>geyn</span>,
ryȝht forth, ‘directus’ (Prompt.); Icel. <span class='it'>gegn</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaingiving,</span></span> a misgiving. Hamlet, v. 2. 226. The prefix <span class='it'>gain-</span> has the
sense of opposition. OE. <span class='it'>gegn</span>, see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gain-legged</span></span> (?); ‘I’ll short that gain-legg’d Longshank by the top’,
Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce, i. 103). Possibly, nimble, active-legged. Cp.
EDD. (sv. Gain, adj. 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galage,</span></span> a wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole; ‘A Galage, a shoe:
<span class='it'>solea</span>, <span class='it'>sandalium</span>’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Galage, a startuppe or clownish shoe’,
Glosse to Spenser’s Shep. Kal., Feb., 244; ‘Shoe called a gallage or patten
whyche hath nothynge but lachettes’, Hulcet. ME. <span class='it'>galegge</span> or <span class='it'>galoch</span>,
‘crepita’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 837); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>galoche</span>. See Dict.
(s.v. Galoche).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gald,</span></span> to gall; pt. t. <span class='it'>galded</span>, Gascoigne, Works, i. 422; pp. <span class='it'>galded</span>, Eden,
First three Books on America, p. 386. A false form; from the pp.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='galley-foist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galley-foist,</span></span> a state barge, esp. of the Lord Mayor of London. Beaumont
and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (end); B. Jonson, Silent Woman,
iv. 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#foist1'>foist</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='galliard'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galliard,</span></span> lively, brisk, gay. Shadwell, Humorist, ii (Works, ed. 1720,
i. 172); <span class='it'>galyarde</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 3, § 1. ME. <span class='it'>gaillard</span>
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4367); F. <span class='it'>gaillard</span>, gay.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>galliard,</span> a quick and lively dance in triple time. Twelfth Nt. i. 3.
137; Bacon, Essay 32.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galliardise,</span></span> gaiety. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. II, § 11. F. <span class='it'>gaillardise</span>
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gallimaufry,</span></span> a medley. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 335; used as a term of
contempt, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre); spelt <span class='it'>gallymalfreye</span>,
Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 64. F. <span class='it'>galimafrée</span>, a dish made by hashing
up remnants of food; a hodge-podge; OF. <span class='it'>calimafree</span> (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galyarde;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#galliard'>galliard</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gamashes,</span></span> leggings or gaiters to protect from mud and wet. Middleton,
Father Hubberd’s Tales (Dedication); Marston, What you will, ii. 1
(Laverdure). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). Norm. F.
<span class='it'>gamaches</span>, ‘grandes guêtres en toile, montant jusqu’au dessus du genou’
(Moisy); Prov. <span class='it'>garramacho</span> (<span class='it'>garamacho</span>), ‘houseau’ (Mistral); Languedoc
dial. <span class='it'>garamachos</span>, <span class='it'>galamachos</span>, <span class='it'>gamachos</span>, ‘guêtres de pêcheurs’ (Boucoiran).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gambawd,</span></span> a gambol, a frisk. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 65. <span class='it'>To fett
gambaudes</span>, to fetch gambols, to gambol, frisk about, Udall, tr. of Apophthegmes,
Aristippus, § 45. F. ‘<span class='it'>gambade</span>, a gambol, tumbling trick’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gambone,</span></span> a gammon of bacon; ‘a gambone of bakon’, Skelton, El.
Rummyng, 327. ME. <span class='it'>gambon</span>, a ham (Boke St. Albans, fol. f2, back); OF.
(Picard) <span class='it'>gambon</span> (F. <span class='it'>jambon</span>), leg; for related words see Moisy (s.v. Gambe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gambrel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gambrel,</span></span> a stick placed by butchers between the shoulders of a newly
killed sheep, to keep the carcass open. Chapman. Mons. d’Olive, iii (near
the end). In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gambrill,</span></span> the hock of an animal. Holland, Pliny, i. 225. Cp. <span class='it'>gammerel</span>,
‘a hock’, a Devon and Somerset word, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gamning,</span></span> gaming. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 51. So also <span class='it'>gamnes</span>, games,
id., p. 52. From OE. <span class='it'>gamen</span>, a game.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gan,</span></span> the mouth. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 82; Brome, Jovial
Crew, ii (Mort’s song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ganch, gaunch,</span></span> to let one fall on sharp stakes (orig. on a sharp
hook), there to remain till death. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2 (Mufti).
Hence <span class='it'>gaunshing</span>, this kind of punishment; Howell, Foreign Travell,
Appendix, p. 85. F. <span class='it'>gancher</span>: ‘<span class='it'>Ganché</span>, (a person) let fall (as in a strappado)
on sharp stakes pointed with iron, and thereon languishing until
he die’ (Cotgr.); Ital. ‘<span class='it'>ganciare</span>, to sharpen at the point’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gandermooner,</span></span> one who practised gallantry during the gander-moon,
or month when his wife was lying in. Middleton, Fair Quarrel, iv.
4 (Meg’s song). ‘Gander-moon’ is still used in Cheshire, meaning the
month of the wife’s confinement, see EDD. (s.v. Gander, (6)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ganza,</span></span> a goose. In The Man in the Moon, by Bp. Godwin, a man is
said to have been drawn to the moon by <span class='it'>Ganza’s</span>. The name was borrowed
from Holland’s Pliny, bk. x, c. 22 (vol. i. 281a), where Holland
has: ‘The Geese there .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. be called <span class='it'>Ganzæ</span>.’ But the L. text has <span class='it'>Gantæ</span>.
Hence the pl. <span class='it'>ganzas</span>, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 782.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gar,</span></span> to cause, to make; ‘I’ll gar take’, I will make you take, B. Jonson,
Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘<span class='it'>Ays gar</span>’ (for <span class='it'>I’s’gar</span>), I shall make, Greene,
James IV, Induction (Bohan). In gen. prov. use in Scotland and the
north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gar</span> (Cursor M. 4870); Icel. <span class='it'>ger</span>(<span class='it'>v</span>)<span class='it'>a</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garb,</span></span> a wheat-sheaf. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 370. Norm. F. <span class='it'>garbe</span> (F. <span class='it'>gerbe</span>),
see Moisy, p. 533.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garboil,</span></span> a tumult, disturbance, brawl. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 61; ii. 2. 67;
Shirley, Young Admiral, iii. 2. 1. F. <span class='it'>garbouil</span>, ‘a garboil, hurliburly’
(Cotgr.). Ital. <span class='it'>garbuglio</span>, a garboile; <span class='it'>garbugliare</span>, to garboile, to turmoile
(Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gardage, guardage,</span></span> keeping, guardianship. Othello, i. 2. 70;
Fletcher, Thierry, v. 1 (Vitry).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garded, guarded,</span></span> trimmed, provided with an ornamental border or
trimming. Merch. of Venice, ii. 2. 164; Hen. VIII, Prol. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garden-bull,</span></span> a bull baited at Paris Garden, on the Bankside, London.
Middleton, The Changeling, ii. 1 (De F.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gardes,</span></span> the dew-claws of a deer or boar; ‘Gardes [of a boar], which
are his hinder clawes or dewclawes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 52; p. 154;
<span class='it'>gards</span> [of a deer], id., c. 37; p. 100. F. <span class='it'>gardes</span>: ‘les gardes d’un sanglier,
the deaw-claws, or hinder claws of a wild Boar’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gardeviance,</span></span> orig. a safe or cupboard for viands, usually, a travelling
trunk or wallet; ‘Bagge or gardeviaunce to put meat in, <span class='it'>reticulum</span>’,
Huloet; ‘a gardeviance of usquebagh’, Sir B. Boyle, Diary (NED.);
a little casket, Udall, tr. Apoph., Alexander, § 52. F. <span class='it'>garde-r</span>, to keep, +
<span class='it'>viande</span>(<span class='it'>s</span>, viands.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garet,</span></span> a watch-tower. Morte Arthur, leaf 100, back, 6; bk. vi, c. 11.
ME. <span class='it'>garyt</span>, ‘specula’ (Prompt. EETS. 187). OF. <span class='it'>garite</span> (F. <span class='it'>guérite</span>); see
Cotgrave on both forms, and Estienne, Précellence, 358. See Dict. (s.v.
Garret).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gargarism,</span></span> a gargle; humorously, a physician. Webster, White
Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 16. Gk. γαργαρίζειν, to gargle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gargell-face,</span></span> a face like a ‘gargoyle’, or grotesquely carved spout;
‘Before that entry grim, with gargell-face’, Phaer, Aeneid vi, 556
(without any Latin equivalent). See Dict. (s.v. Gargoyle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garing,</span></span> staring, horrid; ‘With fifty garing heads’, Phaer, tr. of
Virgil, bk. vi, l. 576 (Latin text). See <span class='bold'><a href='#gaure'>gaure</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garnysshe,</span></span> to supply (a castle) with defensive force and provisions.
Morte Arthur, leaf 18. 32, bk. i, c. 1; lf. 26. 8, bk. i, c. 11. F. ‘<span class='it'>garnir</span>, to
garnish, provide, supply’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garran, garron,</span></span> a small Irish or Scotch horse. Spenser, View of
Ireland, Globe ed., p. 619, col. 2. Irish <span class='it'>gearran</span>, a horse, a gelding (Dinneen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaskins,</span></span> a kind of hose or breeches. Dekker, Gentle Craft (Wks., ed.
1873, i. 18); Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); ‘<span class='it'>Gascoigne
breeches</span>, or Venetian hosen, <span class='it'>greguéscos</span>’, Minsheu, Span. Dict.; ‘<span class='it'>Gascoyne
bride</span>, one who wears breeches’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 2 (Sir
Guy). ‘Gaskins’ is a Lincolnsh. word for gaiters (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gast,</span></span> to frighten. King Lear, ii. 2. 57; ‘I gasted hym, <span class='it'>Je lui baillay
belle paour</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>gasten</span>: ‘To gaste crowen from his corn’
(P. Plowman, A. vii. 129).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaster,</span></span> to frighten, Giffard, Dial. Witches (Nares); Beaumont and Fl.,
Wit at Several Weapons, ii. 4 (near end). A north-country and Essex
word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gate1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gate,</span></span> a way, path, road. Gascoigne, Voyage to Holland (ed. Hazlitt),
i. 385; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 13. In common use in the north country
down to Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1); cp. ‘Irongate’, the name
of the busiest thoroughfare in Derby. ME. <span class='it'>gate</span>, or way, ‘via’ (Prompt.
EETS. 188). Icel. <span class='it'>gata</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gate,</span></span> to walk; ‘Three stages .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Neere the seacost gating’, Stanyhurst,
Aeneid i, 191. Cp. Worcestersh. phr. <span class='it'>to go gaiting</span>, to go about for
pleasure, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, vb.<sup>2</sup> 21).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gate-vein'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gate-vein,</span></span> the principal vein; applied metaphorically to the chief
course of trade. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 146; Bacon, Essay 19.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#vena'>vena porta</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gather-bag;</span></span> ‘<span class='it'>Gather-bag</span>, the bag or skinne, inclosing a young red
Deere in the Hyndes belly’, Bullokar (1616); ‘The <span class='it'>Gather-bagge</span> or
mugwet of a yong Harte when it is in the Hyndes bellie’, Turbervile,
Hunting, c. 15; p. 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gauderie,</span></span> finery. Hall, Satires, iii. 1. 64; Bacon, Essay 29, § 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gauding,</span></span> festivity; hence, jesting, foolery. Udall, Roister Doister,
iii. 4. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaunt,</span></span> a gannet; ‘The gaglynge gaunte’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe,
447. ‘Gaunt’ is the Lincolnsh. word for the great crested grebe (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>gante</span> (Prompt. EETS.); OE. <span class='it'>ganot</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaunt,</span></span> thin, slender; ‘She was gaunte agayne’ [after childbirth],
Latimer, 5 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 154); ‘They who .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
desire to be gant and slender .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. ought to forbear drinking at meales’,
Holland, tr. Pliny, ii. 152. ‘Gant’ is in prov. use for slim, slender; in
Suffolk they speak of horses looking ‘gant’; so in Kent, of a greyhound
that is thin in the flanks (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gawnt</span>, or lene (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gaure'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaure,</span></span> to stare, gaze. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2275. ME. <span class='it'>gauren</span>
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1108 (1157).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>gaurish,</span> staring, showy, garish. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 54.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gavel,</span></span> a quantity of corn, cut and ready to be made into a sheaf.
<span class='it'>Gavel-heap</span>, said of wheat that is reaped but not bound, Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, xxi. 328. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Gavel, sb.<sup>2</sup>). Norm. F.
<span class='it'>gavelle</span>, ‘javelle’ (Moisy), Med. L. <span class='it'>gavella</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaw;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gow'>gow</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gawring-stock,</span></span> a gazing-stock, a spectacle. Mirror for Mag., Yorke,
st. 21. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gaure'>gaure</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gazet, gazette,</span></span> a Venetian coin of small value. B. Jonson, Volpone,
ii. 2 (Peregrine); Massinger, Maid of Honour iii. 1 (Jacomo). Ital.
‘<span class='it'>gazzetta</span>, a kind of small coyn in Venice, not worth a farthing of ours’
(Florio). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>geances.</span></span> Only in B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 4 (Hilts). A rustic
pronunciation of <span class='it'>chances</span>? Nares supposes that <span class='it'>geances</span> = <span class='it'>jaunces</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#jaunce'>jaunce</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gear'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gear, geer, gere,</span></span> dress, apparel. L. L. L. v. 2. 304. (ME. <span class='it'>gere</span>,
equipment, Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4016). Also, wealth, property, B. Jonson,
Sad Sheph. ii. 1; talk, in depreciatory sense, ‘stuff’, Selden, Table Talk
(ed. Arber, 20); an affair, business, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 6; Romeo, ii. 4. 107;
Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Yellow). ‘Gear’ is very common in
prov. use in various senses; see EDD. (s.v.): 1, apparel; 9 and 10, goods,
property; 15, trash, rubbish; 16, affair, business. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>geason,</span></span> scantily produced; rare, scarce, uncommon; ‘Ixine is a rare
herb and geason to be seen’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 98; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4.
37. ME. <span class='it'>gesen</span> (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 271). OE. <span class='it'>gǣsne</span>, barren, unproductive.
An Essex word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>geats;</span></span> ‘The female, which are called Geats, and the buckes Goates’,
Turbervile, Hunting, ch. 47; p. 146. ME. <span class='it'>geet</span>, pl. she-goats (Trevisa’s
Higden, i. 311). OE. <span class='it'>gǣt</span>, nom. pl. of <span class='it'>gāt</span>, a she-goat.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gee and ree;</span></span> ‘He expostulates with his Oxen very understandingly,
and speaks Gee and Ree better than English’, Earle, Microcosm, (ed.
Arber, 49). Cp. EDD. (s.v. Gee, <span class='it'>int.</span>): ‘Some or other of the crook horses
invariably crossed him on the road .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. owing to two words of the driver,
namely “gee” and “ree”,’ Bray’s Desc., Tamar and Tavy. Two words
of command to an animal driven; <span class='it'>Gee</span>, directs it to go forward, to move
faster, <span class='it'>Ree</span>, to turn to the right.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gelt,</span></span> a lunatic; ‘Like a ghastly Gelt whose wits are reaved’, Spenser,
F. Q. iv. 7. 21. Irish <span class='it'>gealt</span> (<span class='it'>geilt</span>), a madman (Dinneen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gelu,</span></span> ‘jelly’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 265.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gemonies,</span></span> steps on the Aventine Hill (Rome) whence the bodies of
state criminals were flung down, and afterwards dragged into the Tiber
(<span class='it'>scalae Gemoniae</span>). Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1 (Lamia); B. Jonson,
Sejanus, iv. 5 (Lepidus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>genethliac,</span></span> relating to nativities; hence, one who calculates nativities,
an astrologer. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 689. Gk. γενεθλιακός, belonging
to birth; from γενέθλη, birth.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Geneva print.</span></span> In the Merry Devil, ii. 1. 64, the Host says to the
half-drunken smith, ‘I see by thy eyes thou hast been reading little
Geneva print’, i.e. literally, type such as is in the Geneva Bible; but,
allusively, it means, ‘you have been drinking <span class='it'>geneva’</span>, i.e. <span class='it'>gin</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>geniture,</span></span> horoscope, the plan of a nativity, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 1;
that which is generated, offspring, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 1345.
L. <span class='it'>genitura</span>, a begetting; seed of generation (Pliny); that which is
generated (Tertullian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gennet-moyl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gennet-moyl,</span></span> a kind of apple that ripens early; ‘Trees grafted on
a gennet-moyl or cider-stock’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust., 1681. p. 121; <span class='it'>genet-moyle</span>,
Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 116. See EDD. (s.v. jennet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gent,</span></span> noble, high-born; valiant and courteous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11.
17; (of women) graceful, elegant, F. Q. i. 9. 27; (of the body) shapely,
slender, Greene, Desc. of the Shepherd, 62 (ed. Dyce, p. 305). OF. <span class='it'>gent</span>,
well-born.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gentee,</span></span> genteel, elegant. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 747. F. <span class='it'>gentil</span>
(<span class='it'>l</span> silent).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gentry-cove,</span></span> a nobleman or gentleman. (Cant.) B. Jonson, Gipsies
Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘A gentry cofes ken, a gentleman’s house’,
Harman, Caveat, p. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>George,</span></span> a half-crown, bearing the image of St. George. Shadwell,
Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gere;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gear'>gear</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gere2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gere, gear, geer,</span></span> a sudden fit of passion, transient fancy. North,
Plutarch (ed. 1676, p. 140); Holland, Am. Marcell. xxxi. 12. 421. ME.
<span class='it'>gere</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1531).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>gery,</span> capricious, fitful; ‘His seconde hawke waxid gery’, Skelton,
Ware the Hawke, 66. ME. <span class='it'>gery</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1536).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>german,</span></span> a brother. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 13; ii. 8. 46; cp. Othello, i.
1. 114. L. <span class='it'>germanus</span>, having the same father and mother.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gern'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gern,</span></span> a snarl, a ‘grin’. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Balurdo);
<span class='it'>gerne</span>, to grin, id., The Fawn, iv. 1 (Zuccone); Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 15.
‘Girn’ is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gyrn</span>, to grin (Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 322; xiii. 157).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gernative,</span></span> grinning (?). Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 5
(Dampit).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gerr,</span></span> to jar, to be discordant. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gesse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gesse,</span></span> pl. guests. Lyly, Euphues, 305; spelt <span class='it'>guesse</span>, Gage, West Indies,
xiv. 90; <span class='it'>guess</span>, Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4. 6. See NED. (s.v. Guest).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gesseron,</span></span> a ‘jazerant’, a light coat of armour. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i, ch. 17, § 7. OF. <span class='it'>jazeran</span> (<span class='it'>jesseran</span>), a light coat of armour, see
Didot (s.v. Jaseran); orig. an adj., as in <span class='it'>osberc jazerenc</span> (Ch. Rol. 1604),
O. Prov. <span class='it'>jazeren</span>, ‘de mailles’ (Levy). Dozy (s.v. Jacerina) says that the
supposition that the word means ‘Algerian’ is unfounded.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gest1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gest,</span></span> pl. <span class='it'>gests</span>, the various stages of a journey, esp. of a royal progress;
‘In Jacob’s gests Succoth succeeds .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to Peniel’, Fuller, Pisgah, v. 3.
147; ‘The King’s gests’, L’Estrange, Charles I, 126. <span class='it'>Gest</span>, the time
allotted for a halt, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 41. A later form of <span class='bold'><a href='#gist'>gist</a>,</span> q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gest2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gest</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> story, narrative. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 15; exploit, Mother
Hubberd’s Tale, 978. ME. <span class='it'>geste</span>, romance, tale; pl. histories, occurrences
(Chaucer). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>geste</span>, L. (res) <span class='it'>gesta</span>, a thing performed.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gets,</span></span> pl. the jesses of a hawk; ‘Her gets, her jesses and her bells’,
Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles). Both <span class='it'>gets</span> and <span class='it'>jess</span> are
plural forms of OF. and Prov. <span class='it'>get</span> (F. <span class='it'>jet</span>), ‘a cast, a throw’, cp. F. <span class='it'>jeter</span>, to
throw. The form <span class='it'>jesses</span> is a double plural.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>giambeux,</span></span> armour for the legs. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. <span class='it'>jambeux</span>
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2065). Deriv. of F. <span class='it'>jambe</span>, the leg (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gib,</span></span> a familiar name for a cat. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190. Also, <span class='it'>Gib-cat</span>, ‘I
am as melancholy as a gib-cat’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83. Hence, <span class='it'>Your Gibship</span>,
Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1. ‘Gib’ and ‘Gib-cat’ are in prov.
use in the north, and down to Hereford, in the sense of a male cat, gen.
one that has been castrated (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gibbed cat,</span></span> gen. taken to mean a castrated cat. Rowley, A Match at
Midnight, ii. 1 (Jarvis).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gibbridge,</span></span> unintelligible talk, idle talk. Drayton, Pol. xii. 227;
‘<span class='it'>Bagois</span>, gibridge, strange talk, idle tattle’, Cotgrave. A Yorksh. pronunciation
of <span class='it'>gibberish</span> (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Giberalter,</span></span> ? a Gibraltar monkey, an ape, Merry Devil, i. 2. 14. See
NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gig</span></span> (with hard <span class='it'>g</span>), to produce another like itself, but smaller. Only
used metaphorically, and derived from ME. <span class='it'>gigge</span>, a whipping-top. See
NED., which has: ‘The verb seems to denote the action of some kind of
<span class='it'>gig</span>, or whipping-top of peculiar construction, having inside it a smaller
<span class='it'>gig</span> of the same shape, which was thrown out by the effect of rapid rotation.’
Hence, ‘The first [lampoon] produces, still, a second jig [i.e. lampoon];
You whip them out, like schoolboys [i.e. as schoolboys do], till they
gig’; Dryden, Prologue to Amphitryon, 20, 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>giggots,</span></span> slices, small pieces. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 452; ii. 372;
spelt <span class='it'>giggets</span>, Fletcher, Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Boatswain). F. <span class='it'>gigot</span>,
a leg of mutton. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>giglet, giglot,</span></span> a wanton. Meas. for M. v. 352; B. Jonson, Sejanus,
v. 4 (Sej.), where it is applied to Fortune; Middleton, Family of Love, i. 2
(Gudgeon). In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gygelot</span>, ‘agagula’ (Prompt. EETS. 191). Cp. F. <span class='it'>gigolette</span>,
‘grisette, faubourienne courant les bals publics’ (Delesalle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gilder,</span></span> a ‘guilder’, an old Dutch coin. Comedy of Errors, i. 1. 8. Du.
<span class='it'>gulden</span>, ‘a guilder’ (Sewel); with <span class='it'>n</span> not pronounced, it sounds like <span class='it'>gilder</span>
to an English ear. See Dict. (s.v. Guilder).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gill,</span></span> a wench, servant-maid. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 709; ‘A gill
or gill-flirt, <span class='it'>gaultiere</span>, <span class='it'>ricalde</span>’, Sherwood. A pet name for Gillian or
Juliana.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gilt,</span></span> a jocose term for money. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Follywit);
Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gilt-head,</span></span> a name given to various fishes. Webster, Devil’s Law-case,
i. 1 (Romelio); Hakluyt, Voy. iii. 520, l. 7. Applied to fishes
marked on the head with golden spots or lines; such as the bonito, the
dorado or dolphin, and the golden wrasse.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gim,</span></span> smart, spruce. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, i. 3 (Mrs. Amlet).
In prov. use in Lancashire and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jim, adj.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gimcrack,</span></span> an affected or worthless person, a fop. Fletcher, Loyal
Subject, iv. 2 (Theodore). Also, a fanciful notion, Massinger, Duke of
Milan, iv. 3 (Graccho).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gimmal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gimmal,</span></span> in pl. <span class='it'>gimmals</span>, <span class='it'>gimols</span>, joints, links, connecting parts of
machinery, Gosson, Trump. War, F 5 (NED.). Hence <span class='it'>gimmaled</span>, made
with gimmals or joints, ‘The jymold (gimmaled) bitt’, Hen. V, iv. 2. 49;
spelt <span class='it'>gymould</span>, made with links (applied to mailed armour), K. Edw. III, i.
2. 29. ME. <span class='it'>gymew</span>, <span class='it'>gymowe</span>, ‘gemella’ (Prompt. EETS. 191, see note
no. 877). OF. <span class='it'>gemel</span> (F. <span class='it'>gemeau</span>), L. <span class='it'>gemellus</span>, twin. See <span class='bold'><a href='#jimmal-ring'>jimmal-ring</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gimmors,</span></span> links in machinery, esp. for transmitting motion as in
clockwork. 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 41. ‘Gimmer’ (‘jimmer’) is a name for a
hinge in the north country and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jimmer, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gin,</span></span> to begin. Macbeth, i. 2. 25; Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 556);
<span class='it'>gan sort to this</span>, began to grow to this, grew to this; Peele (as above).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gin,</span></span> a contrivance, ‘engine’. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, 1. 298. See
Dict. (s.v. Gin, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ging,</span></span> a company of people. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 3; B. Jonson, Alchemist,
v. 1 (Lovewit); New Inn, i. 1 (Lovel). In prov. use, cp. the Leicester
saying, ‘The wull ging on ’em’ (i.e. the whole lot of them), see EDD. (s.v.
Gang, 12). ME. <span class='it'>ging</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, a company, a following, retinue (Wars Alex., freq.,
see Glossarial Index); OE. <span class='it'>genge</span>, a following (Chron. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1070).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ginglymus,</span></span> a joint. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). L.
<span class='it'>ginglymus</span>; Gk. γίγγλυμος, a joint (as of the elbow).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ginimony.</span></span> Only in following passage, ‘Here is ginimony likewise
burned and pulverised, to be mingled with the juice of lemons, &amp;c.’,
Westward Ho, i. 1 (Birdlime). Something used as a cosmetic.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ginniting,</span></span> a ‘jenneting’, an early apple. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. See
Dict. (s.v. Jenneting).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gird'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gird,</span></span> to strike, smite, pierce; ‘When some sodain stitch girds me in
the side’, Bp. Hall, Medit. i, § 92; Palsgrave; <span class='it'>girt</span>, pp. smitten, ‘Through
girt’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iv. 4. 112; <span class='it'>to gird forward</span>, to rush forward,
Gosson, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, 58). ME. <span class='it'>gird</span>, to strike, pierce (Wars
Alex. 1219); to rush (id. 1243); see Glossarial Index. See NED. (s.v.
Gird, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girdle;</span></span> ‘Would my girdle may break if I do’, Match at Midnight, i. 1
(Tim); ‘I pray God my girdle break’, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 171. The girdle was
used to keep up the breeches; see <span class='it'>breechgirdle</span> in NED. It also usually had
the wearer’s purse hung at it, which would be lost if the girdle broke.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girdle-stead,</span></span> place for the girdle, i.e. the waist. Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, v. 538; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 2 (Flavia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girl,</span></span> a roebuck in its second year. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143.
ME. <span class='it'>gerle</span>, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4, back.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girn,</span></span> a ‘grin’, a grim smile. Davenant, The Wits, iv (near the end).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#gern'>gern</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girt,</span></span> to gird, surround with a girdle. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 171; 2 Hen. VI,
i. 1. 65.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girt,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> of <span class='bold'><a href='#gird'>gird</a>,</span> q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gist,</span></span> pl. <span class='it'>gists</span>, the stopping-places or stages in a monarch’s progress;
‘Gists or Gests of the Queen’s Progress, i.e. a Bill or Writing that contains
the Names of the Towns or Houses where she intends to lie upon the Way’,
Phillips, Dict. (ed. 1706). OF. <span class='it'>giste</span> (F. <span class='it'>gîte</span>), resting- or stopping-place. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#gest1'>gest</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gite,</span></span> used by Peele for splendour, magnificence, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce,
p. 558, col. 1); David and Bathsheba (p. 473, col. 2). Fairfax uses the
word <span class='it'>gite</span> for some kind of apparel, ‘Phœbus .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. dond a gite in deepest
purple dide’, tr. of Tasso, xiii. 54. 245. ME. <span class='it'>gyte</span>, a shirt or mantle (?)
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3954); OF. <span class='it'>guite</span> (Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>giusts,</span></span> ‘justs’, tournaments. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>give on,</span></span> to advance; ‘And eager flames give on’, Dryden, Annus
Mirabilis, st. 280; ‘The enemy gives on, by fury led’, Dryden, Indian
Emperor, ii. 3; ‘Where he gives on’, Waller, Instructions to a Painter, 213.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>given,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> with an adverb, affected, disposed, inclined; ‘cardinally
given’, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 81; ‘lewdly given’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 469; virtuously
given’, id., iii. 3. 16; ‘well given’, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 72; ‘cannibally
given’, Coriolanus, iv. 5. 200.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glade:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to go to glade</span>, to set; said of the sun. Puttenham, Eng.
Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11, p. 116; ‘The sunne was gone to glade’, Udall, tr. of
Erasmus, Paraphr. on Matt. viii. 18. The phrase is cited as in use in
Ireland; see EDD. (s.v. Glade). ME. ‘þe sonne ȝede to glade’ (Trevisa,
tr. Higden, v. 189). Cp. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>glada</span>, to go down, to set (of the sun);
see Aasen.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='glaire'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaire, glayre,</span></span> the white of an egg; any viscid or slimy substance.
Skelton, El. Rummyng, 25. Hence <span class='it'>glaired</span>, smeared, Marston, Sat. iii. 32.
ME. <span class='it'>gleyre</span>, ‘glarea’ (Prompt. EETS. 193); OF. <span class='it'>glaire</span>, the white of an egg
(Hatzfeld). See <span class='bold'><a href='#glere'>glere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaster,</span></span> to bawl. Douglas, Aeneis, viii, Prol. 47. ‘To glaister’ occurs
in Scottish poetry, meaning to bawl or bark, also, to babble, to talk indistinctly
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glastynge,</span></span> barking like a dog, howling. Morte Arthur, leaf 251. 24;
bk. x, c. 53. For <span class='it'>glatising</span>, cp. OF. <span class='it'>glatisant</span>, pres. pt. of <span class='it'>glatir</span>, to cry aloud,
howl (Ch. Rol. 3527).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaver,</span></span> to flatter, wheedle. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca);
Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 198. ‘To glaver’ is in prov. use in the north
country down to Shropsh. and Bedfordsh., meaning ‘to flatter, wheedle,
talk endearingly to’, see EDD. (s.v. Glaver, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). ME. <span class='it'>glavir</span>, chattering
(Wars Alex. 5504).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaymy,</span></span> sticky, slimy. Skelton, Ag. Garnesche, iii. 168. ME.
<span class='it'>gleymy</span> (Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Gleimy); <span class='it'>gleyme</span>, ‘gluten’, <span class='it'>gleymows</span>,
‘limosus’ (Prompt. 192, 193).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaze,</span></span> to make to shine like glass. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2.
Hence, <span class='it'>Glaze-worm</span>, a glow-worm, Lyly, Euphues, 91. An E. Anglian
word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>glasyn</span>, ‘vitrio’ (Prompt. EETS).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaze,</span></span> to stare, gaze intently. Jul. Caes. i. 3. 21. Still in use in
Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). Cp. G. dial. (Alsace) <span class='it'>gläse</span>, ‘stieren, scharf
u. feurig sehen, sauer sehen’ (Martin-Lienhart).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaziers,</span></span> eyes; a cant term. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor),
Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Toure out [look out] with your glaziers’,
Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glee:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>gold and glee</span>; ‘Not for gold nor glee will I abyde By you’,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32. Perhaps <span class='it'>glee</span> in this phr. refers to the bright colour
of gold; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gleeke,</span></span> a game at cards, played by three persons. B. Jonson, Devil
an Ass, v. 2; a set of three court cards of the same rank in one hand
(NED.); hence, a set of three, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth).
OF. <span class='it'>glic</span> (<span class='it'>ghelicque</span>). Probably adopted fr. Du. <span class='it'>gelyk</span>, ‘like’ (Sewel); cp.
G. <span class='it'>gleich</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gleering,</span></span> casting sly, cunning glances; ‘That glering Foxe’, Tyndale,
on Matt. vi. 19 (Works, ed. 1572, p. 231); ‘Such a gleering eye’, Return
from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Furor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glent,</span></span> glowing, bright; ‘Her eyen glent’, Skelton, Magnyfycence,
993.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glent,</span></span> a slip, a fall. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1687.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='glere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glere,</span></span> the white of an egg; a similar slimy substance; ‘This slimy
glere’, Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 1 and st. 15. See <span class='bold'><a href='#glaire'>glaire</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='glib'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glib,</span></span> to geld. Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 149; Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1
(2 Soldier). See <span class='bold'><a href='#lib2'>lib</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glibbery,</span></span> slippery, smooth, soft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus);
Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Aneleutherus). A Suffolk word,
see EDD. (s.v. Glib, adj. 1 (4)), Du. <span class='it'>glibberig</span>, slippery (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glidder,</span></span> to cover with a smooth glaze. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1
(Wit). In use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glimpse, glimse,</span></span> to shine faintly, to glimmer. Surrey, The Forsaken
Lover, 5, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 23; to appear faintly, Drayton,
Barons’ Wars, bk. v, st. 45; to dawn; P. Fletcher, Purple Island, bk. xii,
st. 46. Cp. the Devon expression for twilight, ‘The dimmet or glimpse of
the evening’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glint,</span></span> slippery; ‘The stones be full glint’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell,
572. Cp. Swed. dial. <span class='it'>glinta</span>, to slip on ice (Rietz).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gloat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gloat, glote,</span></span> to look askance, to look furtively. Gascoigne, Complaint
of Philomene (ed. Arber, p. 96); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2
(Chilax); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 150. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glode,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, glided. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 23. ME. <span class='it'>glood</span>, glided, went
quickly (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2094); OE. <span class='it'>glād</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>glīdan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glomming,</span></span> ‘glumming’, sullenness. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1
(end); ‘I glome, I loke under the browes or make a louryng countenance’,
Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glooming,</span></span> gloomy, dark, dismal. Romeo, v. 3. 305.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glore,</span></span> to glow, to shine; ‘The gloring light’, Return from Parnassus,
i. 1 (p. 8). Norw. dial. <span class='it'>glora</span>, to shine, to sparkle (Aasen); also Swed.
dial. (Rietz).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glorious,</span></span> vainglorious, boastful. Bacon, Essay 34 (near end); Beaumont
and Fl., Thierry, ii. 1 (Thierry). L. <span class='it'>gloriosus</span>, vainglorious.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glory,</span></span> to glorify, to honour, to adorn, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 16;
‘The troop that gloried Venus at her wedding-day’, Greene and Lodge,
Looking Glasse, i. 1. 108.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glote;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gloat'>gloat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnarl,</span></span> to snarl. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 192; to grumble, complain,
‘Gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite’, Richard II, i. 3. 292. Cp. north
Lincoln dialect, ‘She’s alust a gnarlin’ at me aboot sumthing’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnarre,</span></span> to snarl, growl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34. In prov. use (EDD.).
<span class='it'>Gnarren</span> is found in many Low German dialects, see Dähnert and the
Bremen Wtb. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnast,</span></span> to gnash the teeth. Morte Arthur, leaf 103, back, 16; bk. vi,
c. 15; ‘I gnaste with the tethe’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>gnastyn</span>, ‘fremo, strideo’
(Prompt. EETS. 207, see note, no. 946).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnathonical,</span></span> resembling Gnatho, a parasite or sycophant in Terence.
Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 317 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnoff, gnuff,</span></span> a churl, boor, lout; ‘The chubbyshe gnof’, Drant, tr. of
Horace, Sat. i. 1; <span class='it'>gnuffe</span>, Turbervile, A Mirror of the Fall of Pride, st. 5.
ME. <span class='it'>gnof</span>, a churl (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3188). Cp. Low G. <span class='it'>gnuffig</span>, <span class='it'>knuffig</span>,
rough, coarse, unmannerly (Koolman). So NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go to pot;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pot'>pot</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>goawle,</span></span> gullet; ‘Their throtes haue puffed goawles’ (riming with
<span class='it'>joawles</span>, jowls); Golding, Metam. vi. 377 (L. inflataque colla tumescunt).
Norm. F. <span class='it'>goule</span> (F. <span class='it'>gueule</span>), L. <span class='it'>gula</span>, the gullet.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gob,</span></span> a gobbet, piece, morsel. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79, l. 1. In
prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go bet,</span></span> go quickly, hurry up. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 332. <span class='it'>Go bet</span>,
lit. go better, i.e. go quicker; hence, used like the modern ‘look sharp’ or
‘hurry up’. Prob. orig. a hunting cry, as in Chaucer, Leg. Good Women,
Dido, 288. Once common. ME. <span class='it'>bet</span>, better (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 714),
OE. <span class='it'>bet</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go by, Jeronimo,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go by,</span></span> i.e. pass on, wait a little. A very
common quotation, used in ridicule, from Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy, iii.
12. 31. In the original used by Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, to himself.
Finding his application to the king improper at the moment, he says:
‘Hieronimo, beware! <span class='it'>go by, go by</span>.’ See Tam. Shrew, Induction, i. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go less,</span></span> to stake less, in a card game. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize,
ii. 6; iv. 4; ‘We’ll have no going less’, Little French Lawyer, iii. 2
(La Writ).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='God1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>God before,</span></span> God going before, with God’s assistance. Hen. V, i. 2. 370.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#God2'>God to fore</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>god den,</span></span> good evening; <span class='it'>God you god den</span>, God (give) you good e’en,
Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 163; <span class='it'>God dig-you-den</span>, L. L. L. iv. 1. 42; <span class='it'>God gi’ god-den</span>,
Romeo, i. 2. 58; <span class='it'>god den</span>, Yorksh. Tragedy, ii. 120. Still in use in Scotland
and in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Good-den).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='God2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>God to fore,</span></span> God going before, with God’s assistance. Kyd, Cornelia,
iii. 2. 69. ME. <span class='it'>God to-forn</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1049). See <span class='bold'><a href='#God1'>God before</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>god-phere,</span></span> a godfather. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Clench). Cp.
the Devon ‘godfer’ (= godfather), see EDD. (s.v. Gatfer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gofe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gofe,</span></span> the quantity of corn or hay laid up in one bay or division of a
barn; a ‘goaf’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 20; ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche
as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye’, Palsgrave. In E. Anglia
<span class='it'>goaf</span> (<span class='it'>gofe</span>, <span class='it'>goff</span>) is used for the bay of a barn, and for the corn or hay laid
up in the bay, see EDD. (s.v. Goaf, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 4). ME. <span class='it'>golf</span> of corne,
‘archonium’ (Prompt. EETS. 195, see note, no. 893); Icel. <span class='it'>gōlf</span>, a floor,
apartment, cp. Dan. <span class='it'>gulv</span>, a bay of a barn. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gove'>gove</a>, <a href='#gulfe'>gulfe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>goggle, gogle,</span></span> to roll one’s eyes; ‘He gogled his eyesight’, Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, i. 459; to stare, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 120.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gold,</span></span> marigold; corn marigold; <span class='it'>golds</span>, pl., corn marigold, Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 20. 25; <span class='it'>gouldes</span>, id. § 20. 25; <span class='it'>gooldes</span>, Spenser, Colin Clout,
341. ME. <span class='it'>golde</span>, marigold (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1929; <span class='it'>goolde</span>, ‘solsequium, elitropium’
(Prompt. EETS. see note, no. 892); <span class='it'>golde</span>, the sunflower (Gower,
C. A. v. 6780). See Napier’s Old English Glosses, 26. 36 (note). OE. <span class='it'>golde</span>,
‘solsequia’ (Voc. 301. 6).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gold-end man,</span></span> a man who buys odds and ends of gold and silver. B.
Jonson, ii. 1 (Dol); Eastward Ho, v. 1 (Gertrude).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>goldfinch,</span></span> a piece of gold, piece of money. (Cant.) Middleton, Blurt,
Mr. Constable, iv. 1. 9. [Ainsworth, Rookwood, II, ii (EDD.).]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gold-finder,</span></span> a jocular term for a cleanser of cesspools. Middleton,
Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto). Cp. <span class='it'>gold-digger</span>, a ‘jakesman’, and <span class='it'>gold-dust</span>, ordure,
Warwickshire words, see EDD. (s.v. Gold, 1 (1 and 2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gold-weights,</span></span> small weights, for weighing small portions of gold.
Hence, <span class='it'>to the gold-weights</span> (weighed even down to grains, even in small particulars),
B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). See <span class='bold'><a href='#caract1'>caract</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>golilla,</span></span> a kind of starched collar. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master,
iv. 1 (Monsieur); see Stanford. Span. <span class='it'>golilla</span>, ‘a little Band worn in Spain,
starch’d stiff, and sticking out under the Chin like a Ruff’ (Stevens); <span class='it'>gola</span>,
the gullet, L. <span class='it'>gula</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>golls,</span></span> hands. (Cant.) Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Uberto);
Woman-hater, v. 5 (2nd Lady); Tourneur, Revengers’ Tragedy, v. 1 (Vindici).
Still in use in Essex (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>golpol,</span></span> prob. for <span class='it'>gold-poll</span> (cp. <span class='it'>goldilocks</span>); a term of endearment for a
child. Jacob and Esau, v. 10 (Esau).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gomme,</span></span> a god-mother; ‘<span class='it'>Commere</span> .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. a gomme’, Cotgrave; ‘A scornful
Gom’, Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Ricardo). ME. <span class='it'>gome</span>, ‘a godmoder’
(Cath. Angl. 161).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gong,</span></span> ‘latrina’. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, 2nd Song, st. 7; ‘Gonge, a
draught, <span class='it'>ortrait</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘Gonge, <span class='it'>forica</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. ME. <span class='it'>gonge</span>
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 885); OE. <span class='it'>gong</span> (<span class='it'>gang</span>), ‘secessus’ (Ælfric Gl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>good cheap,</span></span> cheap. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), (ed. Dyce, p.
42); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 125. ME. <span class='it'>good chep</span>(<span class='it'>e</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr.
iii. 641). Cp. F. <span class='it'>à bon marché</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Cheap).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>good fellow,</span></span> a thief. (Cant.) Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (2 Bandit);
Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre, Host).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>good year</span>(<span class='bold'>s,</span></span> used as a meaningless expletive in the exclamation,
‘What the good-yere’ (good-year). Merry Wives, i. 4. 129; Much Ado, i. 3. 1;
2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 64 and 191. Cp. the Northampton expression, ‘What the
goodgers be that?’, and the Devon sentence, ‘Our vokes wonder what the
goodgers a come o’ me’, see EDD. Low G. (Pomeranian dialect) ‘<span class='it'>Wat to ’m
goden Jaar?</span>, sagt man, wenn man sich über schlechte Handlungen wundert’
(Dähnert).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>goom,</span></span> a man. Grimald, Prayse of measurekepyng, 17, in Tottel’s Misc.,
p. 109. ME. <span class='it'>gome</span>, a man (Wars Alex., see Glossarial Index); OE. <span class='it'>guma</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gords;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gourdes'>gourdes</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gorebelly,</span></span> a fat paunch; a man having a fat paunch. North, tr. of
Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 7 (in Shak. Plut., p. 11, n. 4); hence <span class='it'>gorbellied</span>, fat,
1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 93.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gorreau,</span></span> the yoke of draught animals. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246. 1.
OF. <span class='it'>goherel</span>, <span class='it'>gorel</span>, <span class='it'>gorreau</span>, a yoke (Godefroy); <span class='it'>gorriau</span>, ‘collier de cheval’
(Didot); see Ducange (s.v. Gorgia, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Gospel-tree.</span></span> ‘The boundaries of the township of Wolverhampton are
in many points marked out by what are called Gospel-trees, from the custom
of having the Gospel read under or near them by the clergyman attending
the parochial perambulations’, Shaw, Staffordsh., II, i. 165; ‘Dearest
bury me Under that Holy oke or Gospel-tree’, Herrick, Hesperides, To
Anthea. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 109).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gossampine,</span></span> a cotton-like substance, made from the <span class='it'>Bombax pentandrum</span>.
Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1377); p. 135, col. 1; Holland, tr.
of Pliny, bk. xii, ch. 11. L. <span class='it'>gossympinus</span>, a cotton-tree (Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gossander,</span></span> the ‘goosander’, <span class='it'>Mergus merganser</span>. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 65.
With the suffix <span class='it'>-ander</span> cp. <span class='it'>bergander</span>, an old name for the sheldrake, and
the ON. <span class='it'>önd</span>, pl. <span class='it'>ander</span>, a duck (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gossip,</span></span> a godparent. Two Gent. iii. 1. 269; Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 41. In
prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gouland, gowland,</span></span> a yellow flower; a name given to various kinds
of <span class='it'>Ranunculus</span>, <span class='it'>Caltha</span>, and <span class='it'>Trollius</span>. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd,
1. 6). ‘As yalla as a gollan’ is a common Northumberland expression; see
EDD. (s.v. Gowlan(d ).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gourdes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gourdes,</span></span> false dice, for gaming; ‘What false dise vse they? as dise .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
of a vauntage, flattes, gourdes to chop and change whan they lyste’, Ascham,
Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); spelt <span class='it'>gords</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady,
iv. 1 (E. Loveless). OF. <span class='it'>gourd</span>, ‘fourberie’ (Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gove'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gove,</span></span> to ‘goave’; to lay up corn in a ‘goaf’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57.
10, 23. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Goave). ME. <span class='it'>golvyn</span>, ‘arconiso’
(Prompt. EETS. 207). Cp. Dan. <span class='it'>gulve</span>, to stack in the bay of a barn. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#gofe'>gofe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gow,</span></span> for <span class='it'>go we</span>, let us go; ‘Gow, wife, gow’, Three Lords and Three
Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 440; <span class='it'>gaw</span>, let’s be gone, Triumphs of Love
and Fortune, in the same, vi. 183. ‘Gow’ (‘let us go’) is still common in
the Lakeland, and in E. Anglia as an invitation to accompany the speaker,
see EDD. (s.v. Go, 2 (b)). ME. <span class='it'>gowe</span> (P. Plowman, B, Prol. 226).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gowked,</span></span> stupefied. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Keep). Cp.
‘gowk’, the north-country word for the cuckoo; applied <span class='it'>fig.</span> to a fool,
simpleton, a clumsy, awkward fellow (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>goke</span>, ‘cuculus’ (Cath.
Angl.), Icel. <span class='it'>gaukr</span>, cp. G. <span class='it'>gauch</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gowles,</span></span> ‘gules’, red. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 286. 17. OF. <span class='it'>goules</span>
(F. <span class='it'>gueules</span>). See Dict. (s.v. Gules).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gowndy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gowndy,</span></span> (of the eyes) full of sore matter. Skelton, El. Rummyng,
34; <span class='it'>gunny</span>, Meriton, Praise Ale, 263; Skinner, Etym. ME. <span class='it'>gownde</span> off þe
eye, ‘albugo’ (Prompt. EETS. 197, see note, no. 905). OE. <span class='it'>gund</span>, matter of
a sore.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gownest,</span></span> for <span class='it'>gownist</span>, one who is entitled to wear a gown, a lawyer.
Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 27, st. 53.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grabble,</span></span> to grope after, to grapple with, to handle roughly. Dryden,
Prol. to Disappointment, 60; ‘He .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. keeps a-grabling and a-fumbling’
(i.e. feeling with his hands), Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 99). In
prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). Du. <span class='it'>grabbelen</span>, to scramble, or
to catch that catch may (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Gracious Street,</span></span> Gracechurch Street. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday,
iii. 4 (Hodge); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Y. Chartley);
Fair Maid of the Exchange, i. 1 (Shaks. Soc. 29). Originally <span class='it'>Grass
Church</span>, ‘Higher in Grasse Street is the Parish Church of St. Bennet,
called Grasse Church, of the herb market there kept’, Stow’s Survey (ed.
Thoms, 80).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grail, grayle,</span></span> the ‘gradual’, an antiphon sung between the Epistle
and Gospel; when the deacon was ascending the step of the ambo or
reading-desk; ‘He shall syng the grayle’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe,
441. ME. <span class='it'>grayle</span>, ‘gradale’ (Prompt.). OF. <span class='it'>graël</span>, Eccles. L. <span class='it'>gradale</span>,
<span class='it'>graduale</span>. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Gradual).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grain,</span></span> the dye made from the Scarlet Grain (Kermes); ‘The Scarlet
grain which commeth of the Ilex’, Holland, Pliny, i. 461; <span class='it'>to dye in grain</span>,
to dye in scarlet grain, also, in any fast or permanent colour, hence, <span class='it'>in
grain</span>, in permanent colour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 108; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 255;
<span class='it'>grain</span>, permanent colour, ‘All in a robe of darkest grain’, Milton, Il Pens.
33. F. <span class='it'>graine</span>, ‘grain wherewith cloth is died in grain’ (Cotgr.). Med. L.
<span class='it'>grana</span>, ‘bacca cujusdam arboris’ (Ducange).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>grained,</span> ingrained, dyed in ‘grain’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 90.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grain,</span></span> a bough or branch. Bp. Hall, Sat. Defiance to Envie, 5; <span class='it'>grains</span>,
the prongs of a forked stick, fork, or fish-spear, ‘With three graines like
an ele speare’, Holland, Suetonius, 147; the lower limbs, Drayton, Pol.
i. 495. ‘Grain’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England and
Scotland in many senses, esp. a branch or bough of a tree, and the prong
or tine of a fork, see EDD. (s.v. Grain, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 5). Icel. <span class='it'>grein</span>, a branch
of a tree, an arm of the sea.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>grained staff,</span> a staff forked at the top, Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
§ 41. 9.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>graithe,</span></span> to prepare, array. Morte Arthur, leaf 86. 34; bk. v, c. 7.
In common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>graythe</span>, to prepare, get ready (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). Icel.
<span class='it'>greiða</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grammates,</span></span> rudiments, first principles. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 3
(Orgilus). Gk. γράμματα, the letters of the alphabet.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grandguard,</span></span> a piece of plate armour, covering the breast and left
shoulder, affixed to the breastplate by screws, and hooked on to the
helmet. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 72.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>graner,</span></span> a ‘garner’, granary. Drayton, Pol. iii. 258.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grange,</span></span> a country-house; a lonely dwelling. Meas. iii. 1. 279; Heywood,
Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Delavil). In various parts of England the
term ‘grange’ is used for a small mansion or farm-house, esp. one standing
by itself remote from other dwellings (EDD.). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gratuling,</span></span> congratulating; ‘His gratuling speech’, Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). Only in this passage. OF. <span class='it'>gratuler</span>, L. <span class='it'>gratulari</span>, to
congratulate.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Grave,</span></span> a Count; a title. Used of Prince Maurice of Nassau; Fletcher,
Love’s Cure, i. 2 (Bobadilla); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2. Du. <span class='it'>Grave</span>, an
Earle or a Count (Hexham); cp. G. <span class='it'>Graf</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>graved.</span></span> ‘O, that these gravèd hairs of mine were covered in the
clay!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. Perhaps a
misprint for <span class='it'>grayed</span>, become grey; see <span class='bold'><a href='#graye'>graye</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gravelled,</span></span> stranded; hence, brought to a stand, perplexed. As You
Like It, iv. 1. 74; North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut.,
p. 177, n. 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gray'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gray,</span></span> a badger; <span class='it'>grice of a gray</span>, lit. pig of a badger, cub of a badger.
B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). Formerly in prov. use in the
north country, and in Wilts., Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Grey,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 6). ME. <span class='it'>grey</span>, ‘taxus’ (Prompt. 209, see Way’s note).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='graye'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>graye,</span></span> to become grey; ‘In learning Socrates lives, grayes and dyes’
(Sylvester); see NED. (s.v. Grey, vb.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grease;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#greece'>greece</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>greave,</span></span> a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 42; vi. 2. 43; Drayton, Pol.
xiii. 116; ‘Greave or busshe, <span class='it'>boscaige</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Greave’ occurs in local
names near Sheffield, and appears as a Lancashire word in EDD. ME.
<span class='it'>greve</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1507), OE. <span class='it'>grǣfa</span>, a bush (Chron. 852).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='grece'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grece,</span></span> a flight of stairs or steps; ‘The greece of the quire’, Bacon,
Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 162); <span class='it'>greese</span>, a single step or stair in a flight,
Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 67); <span class='it'>greise</span>, Two Noble Kinsmen,
ii. 1. 34; greese (grice), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 138; Timon, iv. 3. 16;
Othello, i. 3. 200; ‘<span class='it'>Eschelette</span>, a small step or greece’, Cotgrave. See EDD.
(s.v. Grees). ME. <span class='it'>grees</span>, steps, stairs (Wyclif, Acts xxi. 35). OF. <span class='it'>grés</span>, pl.
of <span class='it'>gré</span>, ‘marche d’un escalier’ (La Curne), L. <span class='it'>gradus</span>, a step. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gressinges'>gressinges</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gredaline;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gridelin'>gridelin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gree,</span></span> a step or degree in honour or rank. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July,
215; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 175 (Orlando). <span class='it'>To win the gree</span>, to win the
highest degree, superiority, mastery, victory, Morte Arthur, bk. x, ch. 21.
See EDD. (s.v. Gree, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>gree</span> (Rom. Rose, 2116), OF. <span class='it'>gré</span>, ‘degré,
rang’ (La Curne).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gree,</span></span> favour, goodwill. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; <span class='it'>in gree</span>, with goodwill
or favour, kindly, in good part: <span class='it'>to take in gree</span>, F. Q. v. 6. 21; <span class='it'>to receive in
gree</span>, Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 1 (Manto). Cp. F. <span class='it'>en gré</span>, in good part (Cotgr.,
s.v. Gré), L. <span class='it'>gratum</span>, a pleasant thing.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gree,</span></span> short for <span class='it'>agree</span>. Greene, Friar Bungay, ii. 3 (744), scene 6. 130
(W.); p. 162, col. 1 (D.); Daniel, Philotas, p. 195 (Nares); Sh. Sonn. cxiv.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='greece'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>greece, herte of,</span></span> a hart of grease, a good fat hart, in prime condition.
Morte Arthur, leaf 283, back, 22; bk. x, c. 86. See <span class='bold'><a href='#greece'>hart of grease</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>green,</span></span> youthful, of tender age; ‘Green virginity’, Timon, iv. 1. 7;
raw, inexperienced, simple, ‘A green girl’, Hamlet, i. 3. 101; ‘green
minds’, Othello, ii. 1. 250; silly, ‘green songs’, Two Noble Kinsmen,
iv. 3. 61.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>green gown;</span></span> to give a lass a green gown, to throw her down upon
the grass, so that the gown was stained. Greene, George-a-Greene, ii. 3
(Jenkin); Middleton, Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Chough).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>green lion,</span></span> a stage in the process of transmutation of metals.
B. Jonson, ii. 1 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Greensleeves, Lady Greensleeves,</span></span> the names of a once well-known
ballad and tune. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 64; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize,
iii. 4 (Petruchio). See Roxburgh Ballads, vi. 398.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>greete,</span></span> to weep, cry, lament, grieve, Spenser, Sheph. Kal., April, 1;
weeping and complaint, ib., August. In common prov. use in Scotland,
Ireland, and north of England including Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v.
Greet, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>greten</span>, to weep (Wars Alex. 4370). OE. <span class='it'>grǣtan</span> (Anglian,
<span class='it'>grētan</span>), to weep.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grement,</span></span> ‘agreement’. Mirror for Mag., Cade, st. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gresco,</span></span> an old game at cards. Eastward Ho, iv. 1 [<span class='it'>or</span> 2] (Touchstone);
see Nares; ‘Hazard or Gresco’ (Florio, s.v. Massáre).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gresle,</span></span> slender. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 27. OF. <span class='it'>gresle</span>
(F. <span class='it'>grêle</span>); L. <span class='it'>gracilis</span>, slender.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gressinges'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gressinges,</span></span> steps, stairs; ‘There is another way to go doune, by
gressinges’, Latimer, 6 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 170). Cp.
EDD. (s.v. Grissens). See <span class='bold'><a href='#grece'>grece</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grewnde,</span></span> a greyhound. Golding, Metam. i. 533; fol. 9, back (1603);
Harington, Ariosto, xxiv. 52; <span class='it'>grewhound</span>, Bellenden, Boece, I. xxxi (NED.).
ME. <span class='it'>gre-hownde</span> (Prompt. Harl. MS.). Icel. <span class='it'>greyhundr</span>, also, <span class='it'>grey</span>, a greyhound.
See NED. (s.v. Greund).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grice,</span></span> a pig, esp. a young pig; ‘<span class='it'>Marcassin</span>, a young wild boar .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. or
grice’, Cotgrave; ‘Bring the Head of the Sow to the Tail of the Grice’
(i.e. balance your Loss with your Gain), Kelly, Scot. Prov. 62. Also, the
young of a badger, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel) (see <span class='bold'><a href='#gray'>gray</a></span>). Still
in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gryse</span>, pygge,
‘porcellus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 916). Icel. <span class='it'>grīss</span>, a young pig;
so Norw. dial. <span class='it'>gris</span> (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grice;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#grece'>grece</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gride,</span></span> for <span class='it'>grided</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>gride</span>, to pierce. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1491.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gridelin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gridelin,</span></span> of a pale purple or violet colour; Dryden seems to say it
was a colour between white and green. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 343.
Spelt <span class='it'>gredaline</span>, The Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). F. <span class='it'>gridelin</span>, for
<span class='it'>gris de lin</span> (i.e. of the grey colour of flax), see Hatzfeld.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grill, gryll,</span></span> fierce. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 6. ME. <span class='it'>gril</span>, fierce
(Cursor M. 719); Low G. <span class='it'>grel</span>(<span class='it'>l</span>, angry (Koolman).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grindle-tail,</span></span> a kind of dog. Only in Fletcher, Island Princess, v. 3
(2 Townsman). Perhaps a misprint for <span class='it'>trindle-tail</span> (<span class='it'>trundle-tail</span>). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gripe,</span></span> a griffin; ‘Grypes make their nests of gold’, Lyly, Galathea,
ii. 3; a vulture, Lucrece, 543. OF. <span class='it'>grip</span>, griffin. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gryphon'>gryphon</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gripe’s egg,</span></span> a large egg supposed to be that of a ‘gripe’, hence, an
oval-shaped cup. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>gripes ey</span>
(Gower, C. A. i. 2545).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gripple,</span></span> greedy, grasping. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; vi. 4. 6; Drayton,
Pol. i. 106; xiii. 22. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>gripel</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gris-amber,</span></span> ambergris or grey amber. Milton, P. R. ii. 344. See Dict.
(s.v. Amber).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grisping,</span></span> twilight; either morning or evening. Lyly, Euphues (ed.
Arber, 233). Cp. the phr. <span class='it'>in the gropsing of the evening</span>, in the dusk, Records
Quarter Sessions (ann. 1606); see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grissel, gristle,</span></span> a tender or delicate person; ‘She is but a gristle’,
Udall, Roister Doister, i 4. 24; ‘I love no grissels’, Lyly, Endimion, v. 2
(Sir Tophas). See NED. (s.v. Gristle, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='groin1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groin,</span></span> the snout; hence, a contemptuous term for the face. Golding,
Metam. xiv. 292 (fol. 170); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 34. ME. <span class='it'>groyn</span>, a pig’s
snout (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 158). O. Prov. <span class='it'>gronh</span>, ‘groin, museau’ (Levy).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#Groyne'>Groyne</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groin,</span></span> to growl; ‘Beares that groynd’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27;
<span class='it'>groyning</span>, murmuring, Turnbull, Expos. James, 202 (NED). ME. <span class='it'>groynen</span>,
to murmur (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2460). OF. <span class='it'>grogner</span>, to grunt, L. <span class='it'>grunnire</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groom-porter,</span></span> an officer of the royal household (till the time of
George III); he was privileged to provide gaming-tables, cards, and dice.
B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Dryden, Prol. to Don Sebastian,
l. 24.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grought,</span></span> growth, increase. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 101;
xxiii. 289.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ground,</span></span> the plain-song or melody on which a descant is raised; also,
the ground-bass. Richard III, iii. 7. 49; Edw. III, ii. 1. 122; ‘The tenor-part,
the treble, and the ground’, B. Jonson, Love’s Welcome at Welbeck,
2 Chorus.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grout,</span></span> coarse porridge, made with whole meal. Warner, Albion’s
England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 28. Icel. <span class='it'>grautr</span>, porridge.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grout-head, growthead,</span></span> a blockhead, thickhead. Tusser, Husbandry
(ed. 1878, 115); ‘Those Turbanto grout-heads’, Nashe, Lenten
Stuffe, 39; ‘<span class='it'>Il a une grosse teste</span>, he is a verie blockhead, grouthead, joulthead’,
Cotgrave; Urquhart’s Rabelais, I, xxv (Davies). ‘Grout-headed’
(thick-headed) is known in Sussex (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groutnoll,</span></span> a blockhead, thickhead, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning
Pestle, ii. 3 (Wife).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>growt,</span></span> great. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song). Du.
<span class='it'>groot</span>, great.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groyle,</span></span> to move, move forward; ‘He groyleth’ (L. <span class='it'>graditur</span>), Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, iii. 678. Hence, <span class='it'>groyl</span>, one who is ever on the move,
id., iv 179. F. <span class='it'>grouiller</span>, ‘to move, stir’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Groyne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Groyne, the,</span></span> name given by sailors to Corunna, the sea-port in Spain.
De Foe, Rob. Crusoe, I. xix. The name appears in the 14th cent.,
‘Vocatur <span class='it'>Le Groyne</span>; est in mare ut rostrum porci’, Pol. Poems (Rolls
Ser. i. 112). See <span class='bold'><a href='#groin1'>groin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grubble,</span></span> to grope, feel; ‘Now, let me roll and grubble thee’ (spoken
of a lot which he has taken in his hand, before drawing it out), Dryden,
Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Antonio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='grudgins'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grudgins,</span></span> coarse meal; ‘<span class='it'>Annone</span>, meslin or grudgins, the corne
whereof browne bread is made for the meynie’, Cotgrave; Fletcher and
Rowley, Maid of Mill, iii. 3. 17. Formerly in prov. use in the Midlands
(EDD.). Cp. F. <span class='it'>grugeons</span>, lumps of crystalline sugar in brown sugar; in
Cotgrave ‘the smallest fruit on a tree’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gurgeons'>gurgeons</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grum,</span></span> surly, cross, ‘glum’. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Old
Bellair); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1 (Novel). In prov. use in many
parts of England, also in America (Franklin’s Autobiography, 51), see
Century Dict. and EDD. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>grum</span>, proud, haughty (Aasen),
Dan. <span class='it'>grum</span>, fierce, angry.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grumbledory,</span></span> a grumbler, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4
(Carlo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grunter,</span></span> a pig. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). In common prov.
use in the north country (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grunting-cheat,</span></span> a pig; lit. ‘a thing that grunts’; from <span class='it'>cheat</span>, a cant
word used in the general sense of ‘thing’. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1
(Ferret); Harman, Caveat, p. 83; also <span class='it'>gruntling-cheat</span>, Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grutch,</span></span> to ‘grudge’, repine, murmur. Udall, Paraph. Erasmus,
fo. cccxlv; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 34; ‘I grutche, I repyne agaynst a thyng,
<span class='it'>Je grommelle</span>’, Palsgrave. A Lancashire and E. Anglian word (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>grucche</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3863). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>groucher</span> (OF. <span class='it'>grocer</span>),
‘murmurer’ (La Curne). See Moisy (s.v. Groucher).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gryphon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gryphon,</span></span> a fabulous monster, a kind of lion with an eagle’s head; a
griffin. Milton, P. L. ii. 943; spelt <span class='it'>gryfon</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 8. F. ‘<span class='it'>griffon</span>,
a gripe or griffon’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>G-sol-re-ut,</span></span> in old music, the octave of the lower G or lowest note in
the old scale. It was denoted by the letter G, and sung to the syllable <span class='it'>sol</span>
when it occurred in the second hexachord, which began with C; to the
syllable <span class='it'>re</span> in the third hexachord, which began with F; and to the syllable
<span class='it'>ut</span> when it began the fourth hexachord. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman,
c. 11, p. 104.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guard,</span></span> an ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Much Ado,
i. 1. 289. ‘The orig. meaning may have been that of a binding to keep the
edge of the cloth from fraying’, NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='guarish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guarish,</span></span> to cure, heal. Spenser. F. Q. iii. 5. 41; iv. 3. 29. OF. <span class='it'>guarir</span>,
<span class='it'>garir</span> (Gower, Mirour, 2278). O. Prov. <span class='it'>garir</span>, ‘guérir, préserver, sauver’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gubbe,</span></span> a lump, quantity; ‘Some good gubbe of money’, Udall, tr. of
Apoph., Socrates, § 31; <span class='it'>gubs</span>, pl., ‘gubs of blood’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iii.
632 (Lat. <span class='it'>saniem</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gudgeon,</span></span> a small fish, often used as bait for a larger one; phr. <span class='it'>to swallow</span>
<span class='it'>a gudgeon</span>, to be caught, to be befooled, alluded to in Chapman, Mons.
d’Olive, iv (Mugeron). See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gue,</span></span> a rogue; also, a term of endearment. Given by Nares and NED.
as used by Richard Brathwaite in his <span class='it'>Honest Ghost</span>, in two passages, first,
of a sharper who had taken a purse, secondly, as a term of familiar endearment,
‘I was her ingle, gue, her sparrow bill’, p. 139. The word occurs
in some copies of Webster, White Devil: ‘Pretious gue’, iii. 3. 99 (Lodovico);
ed. Dyce, p. 26. Nares supposes it to be the same word as F. <span class='it'>gueux</span>, a
beggar, a rogue, which conjecture NED. accepts.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guerie, guierie,</span></span> sudden passion; ‘Euery sodain guerie or pangue’,
Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 6; ‘This pangue or guierie of loue’, id.,
Diogenes, § 112. Only occurs in Udall. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gere2'>gere</a></span> (2) and <span class='bold'><a href='#gere2'>gery</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guerison,</span></span> cure, healing. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 453, l. 13; i. 466.
F. <span class='it'>guérison</span>; OF. <span class='it'>guarison</span>, <span class='it'>garison</span> (Bartsch), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>gariscun</span> (Gower,
Mirour, 420). See <span class='bold'><a href='#guarish'>guarish</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guess;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gesse'>gesse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guidon,</span></span> a flag or pennant, broad near the staff and forked or pointed
at the other end. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 251; Barons’ Wars, bk. ii, st. 24.
F. <span class='it'>guidon</span>, ‘a standard, ensign, or banner under which a troop of men at
arms do serve; also he that bears it’ (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>guydon</span> (Rabelais). O. Prov.
<span class='it'>guidon</span>, <span class='it'>guizon</span>, étendard (Levy); Ital. ‘<span class='it'>guidóne</span>, a guidon, a banner or
cornet’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guie, guy,</span></span> to guide, lead; also <span class='it'>gye</span>, Palsgrave; ‘He guies’, Fairfax, tr. of
Tasso, i. 49; <span class='it'>guide</span> (for <span class='it'>guyed</span>), pt. t., id., i. 63. ME. <span class='it'>gye</span>, to guide (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1950); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>guïer</span> (Ch. Rol.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guisarme,</span></span> a kind of battle-axe or halberd. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf
202, back, 23, 29. Norm. F. <span class='it'>guisarme</span>, ‘sorte d’arme, hache ou demi-pique’
(Didot). See NED. (s.v. Gisarme).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guitonen,</span></span> a lazy beggar. Middleton, Game at Chess, i. 1 (B. Knight).
Span. <span class='it'>guiton</span>, ‘a lazy Beggar, that goes about in the Habit of a Pilgrim, only
to live idle’ (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guives,</span></span> fetters, ‘gyves’. Lord Cromwell, ii. 2. 3. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>guives</span>, <span class='it'>gyves</span>
(French Chron., London, ed. Camden, 89).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gulch,</span></span> to swallow or devour greedily; ‘<span class='it'>Ingorgare</span>, to engurgle, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to
gulch’ (Florio); <span class='it'>gulch</span>, a glutton or drunkard, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4;
Brewer, Lingua, v. 16; ‘Engorgeur, a glutton, gulch’, Cotgrave. The verb
‘to gulch’ is in prov. use in various parts of England from Yorkshire to
Cornwall (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gulchen</span> (Ancren Riwle, 240).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gule,</span></span> to redden, to dye red. Heywood, Iron Age, Pt. II, vol. iii, p. 357.
See Dict. (s.v. Gules).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gulfe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gulfe,</span></span> a ‘goaf’, a quantity of hay or corn laid up in a barn. Golding,
Metam. vi. 456 (ed. 1603, fol. 73); ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye
bytwene two postes, otherwise a baye’, Palsgrave. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gofe'>gofe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gull,</span></span> to swallow, guzzle; ‘I gulle in drinke, as great drinkers do, <span class='it'>je
engoule</span>’, Palsgrave; Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 19; Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, xxi. 132. Du. <span class='it'>gullen</span>, ‘to swallow or devoure’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gull,</span></span> a breach made by the force of a torrent, a fissure, chasm. Golding,
Metam. ix. 106; to sweep away by force of running water, ‘And hilles by
force of gulling oft have into sea been worne’, id., xv. 267. An E. Anglian
word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gummed;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#fret'>fret</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gundolet,</span></span> for <span class='it'>gondolet</span>, a small gondola. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2
(Piero). It occurs twice in this scene.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gunny;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gowndy'>gowndy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gun-hole groat,</span></span> some kind of groat or coin, that seems to have been
prized. The meaning of the epithet is unknown. ‘For gunne-hole grotes
the countrie clowne doth care’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 27; Gascoigne,
ed. Hazlitt, i. 66.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gunstone,</span></span> a stone used for the shot of a cannon or gun. Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 10. 19; Hen. V, i. 2. 282; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gup, guep,</span></span> an exclamation of impatience; get along!; ‘Gup! morell,
gup!’, Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). See <span class='bold'><a href='#marry1'>marry gip</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='gurgeons'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gurgeons,</span></span> coarse refuse from flour; ‘The bran usuallie called gurgeons
or pollard’, Harrison, Descr. England, ii. 6 (ed. Furnivall, 154); ‘Gurgions
of meal, <span class='it'>cibarium secundarium</span>’, Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. use in the
S. Midlands and south-west counties (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#grudgins'>grudgins</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gutter,</span></span> of a stag’s horn; see <span class='bold'><a href='#antlier'>antlier</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Guttide,</span></span> Shrovetide, also, Shrove Tuesday. Middleton, Family of
Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.). ‘Guttit’ is in common prov. use in Cheshire for
Shrovetide; <span class='it'>goodit</span> in Staffordshire. Orig. <span class='it'>good tide</span>, see EDD. (s.v.
Gooddit).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guzzle,</span></span> a gutter, drain; ‘a narow ditch’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy,
Sat. vii. 39; ‘A filthy stinking guzzle or ditch’, Whately, Bride Bush, 114
(Cent. Dict.). In prov. use in the Midlands, also in Sussex and Wilts., see
EDD. (s.v. Guzzle, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gymnosophist,</span></span> one of a sect of Hindu philosophers of ascetic habits.
B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles (Merefool); Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5
(Borachia); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 196. Gk. Γυμνοσοφισταί, the naked
philosophers of India (Aristotle).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='H'>H</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ha'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ha and ree,</span></span> words of command to a horse to direct it. Heywood,
1 Edw. IV (Hobs) (vol. i. 44); <span class='it'>hey and ree</span>, Micro-Cynicon, Halliwell
(s.v. Ree). In prov. use, ree is an exclamation made by the carter to bid
the leading horse of a team to turn or bear to the right, see EDD. (s.v.
Rec, int., also, Hay-ree). In the north country the carters use the phrase
<span class='it'>neither heck nor ree</span>, neither left nor right: ‘He’ll neither heck nor ree’, i.e.
he’ll not obey the word of command, he’s quite unmanageable, see EDD.
(s.v. Heck, int.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hay-ree'>hay-ree</a></span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#hayte'>hayte and ree</a>,</span> also <span class='bold'><a href='#gee'>gee and ree</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hab'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hab,</span></span> to have; <span class='it'>nab</span>, not to have; hence, phr. <span class='it'>by habs and by nabs</span>, at random;
Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 2 (Soto). In Somerset and Devon
<span class='it'>hab or nab</span>, by hook or by crook: ‘I’ll ab’m—hab or nab’, I’ll have them
anyhow (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hab-nab'>hab-nab</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haberdash,</span></span> small wares. Spelt <span class='it'>haburdashe</span>, Skelton, Magnyfycence,
1295. ‘Ther haberdashe, Ther pylde pedlarye’, Papist. Exhort. (Nares).
Still in use in Aberdeen (EDD.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>hapertas</span>, the name of a fabric
(Rough List). See Dict. (s.v. Haberdasher).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>habiliment,</span></span> outfit, accoutrement, attire. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 30;
Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). See <span class='bold'><a href='#abiliments'>abiliments</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>habilitate,</span></span> legally qualified. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 15).
Med. Lat. <span class='it'>habilitare</span>, ‘idoneum, habilem reddere; informare, instituere’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>habilitation,</span></span> endowment with ability or fitness; qualification,
training. Bacon, Essay 29, § 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>habilitie,</span></span> ability. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hable, habile,</span></span> ‘able’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 19. See Dict. (s.v. Able).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hab-nab'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hab-nab,</span></span> have or not have, hit or miss; a phrase signifying the
taking one’s chance; ‘Hab-nab’s good’, I take my chance, Ford, Lady’s
Trial, ii. 1 (Fulgoso); at random, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 990. See
EDD. (s.v. Hab, adv., 1). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hab'>hab</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hache,</span></span> axe, hatchet. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2. F.
<span class='it'>hache</span>, an axe, O. Prov. <span class='it'>apcha</span> (Levy); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>heppa</span> (for
*<span class='it'>happi̯a</span>), a sickle; see Schade (s.v. Happâ).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hackle,</span></span> to hack about, to mangle. <span class='it'>Hackled</span>, pp.; North, tr. of Plutarch,
J. Caesar, § 44 (in Shak. Plut., p. 101, n. 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hackster, haxter,</span></span> a hacker, one who hacks; hence, a cut-throat,
bravo, bully. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Monsieur); Hall, Satires,
iv. 4. 60; <span class='it'>haxter</span>, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Messenger).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hacqueton;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haqueton'>haqueton</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>had I wist,</span></span> if I had but known. A common exclamation of one who
repents too late. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 893; London Prodigal,
iii. 1. 49; Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Nicholas). ME. <span class='it'>hadde I wist</span>:
‘Upon his fortune and his grace Comth “Hadde I wist” ful ofte a place’,
Gower (C. A. i. 1888).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hade,</span></span> a strip of land left unploughed as a boundary line and means of
access between two ploughed portions of a field. Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
§ 6; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 222 and 400. In Corpus Coll., Oxford, there is
a Map (date 1615) in which there is a description of certain arable lands
having ‘hades’ of meadow and grass ground lying in the south field of
Eynsham. See EDD. (s.v. Hade, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hæmeræ,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hemeræ,</span></span> pl., ephemera, ephemeral flies, day-flies.
Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1482); scene 10. 124 (W.); p. 171, col. 2 (D.).
For <span class='it'>ephemera</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>ephemera</span>, Gk. ἐφήμερα, neut. pl. of ἐφήμερος, lasting
or living but a day.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hæmony.</span></span> Name given by Milton to an imaginary plant having supernatural
virtues. Milton, Comus, 638. Gk. αἱμώνιος, blood-red (probably
with a theological allusion).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haft,</span></span> to use shifts, haggle. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1698; to cheat, id.,
Bowge of Courte, 521; hence <span class='it'>hafter</span>, a cheat, thief; id., Bowge of Courte,
138. Cp. Yorkshire word ‘heft’ in the sense of deceit, dissimulation,
see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hafter,</span></span> a wrangler; ‘<span class='it'>Vitilitigator</span>, an hafter, a wrangler, a quarreller’,
Gouldman, Dict., 1678; so Baret, 1580.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hag,</span></span> to trouble as the nightmare. Drayton, Heroic Ep. (Wks. ed.
1748, p. 108); spelt <span class='it'>haggue</span>, to vex, worry. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes,
§ 95.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haggard,</span></span> a wild female hawk, caught when in her adult plumage.
Much Ado, iii. 1. 36; wild, intractable, inexperienced, B. Jonson, Magn.
Lady, iii. 3 (Compass); Othello, iii. 3. 260; ‘I teach my haggard and unreclaimed
Reason to stoop unto the lure of Faith’, Sir T. Browne, Rel.
Med. (ed. Greenhill, 19). F. <span class='it'>hagard</span>, ‘hagard, wild, unsociable’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hailse,</span></span> to salute, greet; ‘I haylse or greete’, Palsgrave; ‘Wee hadde
haylsed eche other’, Robinson, tr. of Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 30). Icel.
<span class='it'>heilsa</span>, to salute.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haine, hayne,</span></span> a miser, a penurious person, a mean wretch. Skelton,
Bowge of Courte, 327; Udall, tr. Apoph., Aristippus, § 22, Diogenes, § 106;
Levins, Manipulus, 200; hence, <span class='it'>haynyarde</span>, a mean wretch, Skelton, Magnyfycence,
1748. ME. <span class='it'>heyne</span>, a wretch (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1319).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hair:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>against the hair</span>, against the grain, contrary to nature.
Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (end); Mayor of Queenborough,
iii. 2 (1 Lady); Merry Wives, ii. 3. 42.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hala;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#helo'>heloe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hale, hall,</span></span> a place roofed over, a pavilion, tent, booth; ‘Hall, a long
tent in a felde, <span class='it'>tente</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘He would set up his hals and tentes’,
North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 5 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161, n. 8).
ME. <span class='it'>hale</span>, ‘papilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 211, see note, no. 961). OF. <span class='it'>hale</span>
(F. <span class='it'>halle</span>), a covered market-place.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hale2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hale and ho,</span></span> pull and cry ho!, a cry of sailors at work. Morte Arthur,
leaf 118, back, 13; bk. vii, c. 15. ME. <span class='it'>halyn</span> or drawyn, ‘traho’ (Prompt.
EETS. 230).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>half-acre,</span></span> a small piece of ground, without reference to the exact size
of the field; ‘Tom Tankard’s cow .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. flinging about his halfe-aker’,
Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (see note on P. Plowman, C. ix. 2, p. 156).
At Yarnton, near Oxford, a ‘half-acre’, pronounced <span class='it'>habaker</span>, is a term
employed for half a lot of an allotment, see EDD. (s.v. Half, 6 (1)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='halfendeale'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>halfendeale,</span></span> half, half-part. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 53. A Somerset
word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>halvendel</span>, the half part of a thing (Chaucer, Tr. and
Cr. v. 335). OE. <span class='it'>healfan dǣl</span>, the half ‘deal’ or part.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>half-pace;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#halpace'>halpace</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>halidom:</span></span> orig. the holy relics upon which oaths were sworn; the
ancient formula being ‘as helpe me God and halidome’; altered later to
‘by my halidome’, which was subsequently used by itself as a weak
asseveration. Taming Shrew, v. 2. 100; Hen. VIII, v. 1. 117. In old
edds. of Shaks. we find <span class='it'>holydam</span>(<span class='it'>e</span> due to association with <span class='it'>dame</span>, the phrase
being popularly taken as equivalent to ‘By our Lady’; see NED. OE.
<span class='it'>hāligdōm</span>, holiness, a holy place, a holy relic.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hallowmas,</span></span> the feast of All Hallows, or All Saints, Nov. 1. Spelt
<span class='it'>Hallomas</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 1 (<span class='it'>Hallontide</span>, id., § 21. 1); Meas. for
Meas. ii. 1. 128; Richard II, v. 1. 80. In prov. use in Scotland; also in
Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Hallow (7)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='halpace'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>halpace,</span></span> a high step or raised floor. Hall, Chron. (ed. 1809, p. 606);
‘On the altar an halpas .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. and on the halpas stood twelve images’,
Holinshed, Chron. iii. 857; also, through popular etymology <span class='it'>half-pace</span>, the
uppermost step before the choir of a church, Bacon, Henry VII (ed.
Lumby, 98). F. (16th cent.) <span class='it'>hault pas</span> (<span class='it'>haut pas</span>), high step.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='halse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>halse, haulse,</span></span> to embrace. Pt. t. <span class='it'>haulst</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 49;
‘I halse one, I take hym aboute the necke, <span class='it'>je accolle</span>’, Palsgrave. See EDD.
(s.v. Halse, vb. 9). ME. <span class='it'>halsyn</span>, ‘amplector’ (Prompt.), deriv. of <span class='it'>hals</span>, the
neck, OE. <span class='it'>heals</span> (<span class='it'>hals</span>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hause'>hause</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haltersack,</span></span> a gallows-bird, rascal. Beaumont and Fl., King and No
King, ii. 2 (1 Cit. Wife); Knt. of B. Pestle, i. 3 (Citizen). Gascoigne,
Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hame,</span></span> a haulm, stalk; straw. Golding, Metam. i. 492; fol. 9 (1603);
also <span class='it'>hawme</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 15. In gen. prov. use in numerous
forms, see EDD. (s.v. Haulm). ME. <span class='it'>halme</span>, or stobyl, ‘stipula’ (Prompt.
EETS. 212). OE. <span class='it'>healm</span> (Anglian <span class='it'>halm</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hamper up,</span></span> to fasten up, make fast. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 3 (750);
scene 6. 136 (W.); p. 162, col. 2 (D.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>han,</span></span> <span class='it'>pres. pl.</span> have. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. This plural form
is still in prov. use from Yorkshire to Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. Have).
ME. <span class='it'>han</span>: ‘Thei han Moyses and the prophetis’ (Wyclif, Luke xvi. 29);
<span class='it'>hafen</span> (Lamb. Hom. 59). OE. <span class='it'>habben</span> (<span class='it'>hæbben</span>), pres. pl. subj. (Wright,
OE. Gram., § 538).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hand:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to hand with</span>, to go hand in hand with, to concur; ‘Let
but my power and means hand with my will’, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1
(Grimaldi).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hand over head,</span></span> inconsiderately, recklessly, hastily, indiscriminately;
‘They ran in amongst them hand over head’, North, tr. of Plutarch,
M. Brutus, § 28 (in Shak. Plut., p. 141, n. 3); cp. Warner, Albion’s
England, bk. ix, ch. 51, st. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Hand, 2 (8)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hands:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to shake hands with</span>, to bid farewell to, to say good-bye to;
‘I have shaken hands with delight’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed.
Greenhill, 66); ‘To shake hands with labour for ever’, Harrison in
Holinshed (ed. 1807, i. 314). [Cp. Charles Lamb in Elia, Early Rising,
‘He has shaken hands with the world’s business, has done with it.’]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>handsel, hansel,</span></span> a gift or present, as an omen of good luck or an
expression of good wishes. Dunbar, New Year’s Gift, iii. As <span class='it'>vb.</span>, to use for
the first time, ‘My lady .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. is so ravished with desire to hansel her new
coach’, Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (Touchstone). The verb ‘to hansel’, meaning
‘to use a thing for the first time’ is very common in prov. use in Scotland,
and in various parts of England fr. Northumberland to Cornwall, see
EDD. (s.v. Handsel, vb. 12).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>handwolf,</span></span> a tame wolf, wolf brought up by hand. Beaumont and
Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iv. 1 (Amintor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>handydandy,</span></span> a children’s game, in which one child conceals something
between the hands, and the other guesses in which hand it is.
‘Handy dandy, prickly prandy, which hand will you have?’ Chapman,
Blind Beggar, p. 6. See EDD. (s.v. Handy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hane'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hane,</span></span> a ‘<span class='it'>khan</span>’, an Eastern inn (unfurnished); a caravanserai; ‘<span class='it'>Hanes</span>
to entertain travellers’; Howell, Foreign Travell, Appendix, p. 84; ‘<span class='it'>Hanes</span>
for the relief of Travellers’, Sandys, Travels, p. 57 (Nares). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cane'>cane</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hang-by,</span></span> a hanger-on, a dependant. Gosson, School of Abuse, ed.
Arber, p. 40; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 2 (Orleans).
In prov. use in W. Yorks.; see EDD. (s.v. Hang, vb. 1 (5)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hanger,</span></span> a loop or strap or a sword-belt from which the sword was
hung. Hamlet, i. 2. 157; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hank,</span></span> a hold, a power of check or restraint; ‘I have a hank upon
you’, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). In prov. use in various
parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hank, sb.<sup>1</sup> 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hans-in-kelder,</span></span> a familiar term for an unborn infant. Dryden,
Wild Gallant, v. 2; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 6 (Sir Simon);
Marvell, The Character of Holland, 66. See Stanford. Dutch <span class='it'>Hans in
Kelder</span>, lit. ‘Jack in Cellar’, an unborn child; cp. the Swabian toast
<span class='it'>Hänschen im Keller soll leben</span>, ‘dies sagt man bei dem Gesundheit-trinken
auf eine schwangere Frau’ (Birlinger); Bremen dial. <span class='it'>Hänsken im Keller</span>
(Wtb.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>happily,</span></span> perhaps, possibly. Titus Andron. iv. 3. 8; Hamlet, i. 1.
134; ii. 2. 402.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='haqueton'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haqueton, hacqueton,</span></span> a stuffed jacket worn under armour. Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 8. 38. ME. <span class='it'>aketoun</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2050); OF. <span class='it'>auqueton</span>, <span class='it'>alquetun</span>,
O. Prov. <span class='it'>alcoton</span>, ‘hoqueton, casaque rembourrée, originairement en coton’
(Levy); Span. <span class='it'>algodon</span>, Port. <span class='it'>algodão</span>, cotton, Arab, <span class='it'>al-qotun</span>, see Dozy,
Glossaire, 127.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='haras'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haras, harres,</span></span> a stud of horses; troop, collection. Skelton, Against
Garnesche, ed. Dyce, i. 128; l. 77. OF. <span class='it'>haras</span>, a stud of horses (Hatzfeld);
Med. L. <span class='it'>haracium</span>, ‘armentum equorum et jumentorum’ (Ducange). Arab.
<span class='it'>faras</span>, horse; cp. O. Span. <span class='it'>alfaras</span>, ‘cavallo generoso’; see Dozy, 108.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harass,</span></span> harassment, devastation. Milton, Samson, 257.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='harborough'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harborough,</span></span> ‘harbour’, shelter. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19;
Tanered and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 85.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#herberow'>herberow</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harborowe,</span></span> to lodge; to track a stag to his harbour or covert. A
hunting term. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 6; <span class='it'>harbord</span>, pp.
lodged, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311, l. 6. See Dict.
(s.v. Harbour).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hardel,</span></span> a hurdle; ‘Hardels made of stickes’, Golding, Metam. i. 122;
fol. 2, bk. (1603); a kind of frame or sledge on which traitors used to be
drawn through the streets to execution, ‘Upon an hardle or sled’, Harrison,
Desc. England, ii. 11 (ed. Furnivall, 222).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hardocks'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hardocks,</span></span> some kind of wild flowers. In King Lear, iv. 4. 4 (ed. 1623),
Lear is ‘Crown’d .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. with Hardokes, Hemlocke, Nettles, Cuckoo flowres,
Darnell, and all the idle weedes that grow In our sustaining Corne.’ As
<span class='it'>Hardokes</span> are not known, I suggest that the right word is <span class='it'>Hawdods</span>; indeed,
the quartos have <span class='it'>hordocks</span>. The <span class='it'>hawdod</span> (described by Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
1534) is the beautiful blue cornflower, the most showy and attractive
of all the flowers that grow in the corn; see EDD. The prefix <span class='it'>haw</span>
means ‘blue’, see NED.; from OE. <span class='it'>hǣwe</span>, blue.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hare:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>there goeth the hare</span>, ‘That’s the direction in which the hare
goes, that is the way to follow up’, New Custom, ii. 3 (Perverse Doctrine);
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 39; ‘<span class='it'>Hic labor, hoc opus est</span>, there goeth the hare
away’, Stubbes, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 70).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hare,</span></span> to frighten, scare. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Dame Turfe).
In prov. use in Oxfordshire and the south country, see EDD. (s.v. Hare,
vb.).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harlock,</span></span> an unknown flower; perhaps for <span class='it'>hawdod</span>, the blue cornflower.
Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 34. <span class='it'>Harlocks</span> is a conjectural
emendation for <span class='it'>hardokes</span> in King Lear, iv. 4. 4. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hardocks'>hardocks</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harlot,</span></span> a vagabond, rascal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 74. 4; Coriol. iii. 2.
112. ME. <span class='it'>harlot</span>, a person of low birth, a ribald, rogue, rascal (Chaucer),
see Dict. M. and S.; OF. <span class='it'>herlot</span>, <span class='it'>arlot</span>, ribaud (Godefroy); O. Prov. <span class='it'>arlot</span>,
‘gueux, ribaud’ (Levy). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='harman-beck'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harman-beck,</span></span> a constable. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3
(Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hartmans'>hartmans</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harness,</span></span> the defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms; the defensive
equipment of a horseman. Macbeth, v. 5. 52; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Kings xx. 11; xxii.
34; ‘I can remember that I buckled his [the King’s] harness when he
went into Blackheath field’, Latimer, Sermon, p. 101; see Bible Word-Book.
ME. <span class='it'>harneys</span>, armour (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1006). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harnest,</span></span> harnessed, armed. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harpè,</span></span> a falchion, scimitar. Heywood, Silver Age, A. i (Perseus);
vol. iii, p. 92. From Ovid, Met. v. 69, 176. L. <span class='it'>harpē</span>; Gk. ἅρπη, a sickle,
a scimitar.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harper, harp-shilling,</span></span> a coin having on the reverse an Irish harp,
and worth only 9<span class='it'>d.</span> in English money; ‘Your shilling proved but a harper’,
Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Cripple), vol. i, p. 26; ‘A plain harp-shilling’,
Greene, King James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). And see Webster, Sir
T. Wyatt, ed. Dyce, p. 197, col. 1 (bottom).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harre,</span></span> a hinge, of a door or gate; ‘Chardonnerau, a harre of a doore’,
Cotgrave; <span class='it'>out of harre</span>, off its hinge, out of joint, Skelton. Magnyfycence,
921. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Harr, 3). ME.
<span class='it'>Harre</span> of a dore, ‘carde’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. <span class='it'>heorr</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harres;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haras'>haras</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Harrington,</span></span> a farthing; as coined by Harrington (1613); ‘I will not
bate a Harrington of the sum’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='harriot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harriot,</span></span> a heriot; a payment to the lord of a manor, due on the death
of a tenant. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); ‘A heriot or
homage’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, letter 38, § 2 (1621). OE. <span class='it'>heregeatwe</span>,
lit. military equipments. See Dict. (s.v. Heriot).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harrolize,</span></span> to ‘heraldise’, act as a herald, emblazon arms; ‘He harrolized
well’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 35, st. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harrot,</span></span> a ‘herald’. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Sogliardo);
Case is altered, iv. 4 (near the end). OF. <span class='it'>heraut</span>, <span class='it'>herault</span>. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harrow,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, a cry of distress. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 43. ME. ‘I wol
crye out harrow and alas’, Chaucer (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3286); Norm. F. <span class='it'>harou</span>, ‘Le cri
ou la clameur de <span class='it'>haro</span> ou de <span class='it'>harou</span> était un appel public à la justice et à la
protection’ (Moisy); see Didot.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harrow,</span></span> to subdue, despoil. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 40. Used with reference
to Christ’s ‘Harrowing of Hell’, or despoiling it by the rescue thence
of the patriarchs, &amp;c., as described in the pseudo-gospel of Nicodemus.
See the passage from Legenda Aurea, cap. liv, quoted in Notes to P. Plowman,
C. xxi. 261 (pp. 410, 411).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Harry-groat,</span></span> a groat of Henry VIII. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful
Lady, i. 2 (Young Loveless); Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); Mayne, City
Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hart of grece,</span></span> a fat hart; ‘Eche of them slewe a harte of grece’,
Adam Bell, 105 (Child’s Ballads, p. 251); Ballad of Robin Hood and the
Curtal Fryar (Child’s Ballads, p. 299). See Nares (s.v. Greece).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hart-of-ten,</span></span> a hart having as many as ten points on each horn, and
therefore full-grown; ‘The total number of points, counting all the tines,
is ten’, Cent. Dict. (s.v. Antler); ‘Whan an hart hath fourched, and then
auntlere ryall and surryall, and forched on the one syde, and troched on
that other syde, than is he an hert of .X. and the more’, Venery de Twety,
in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 151; ‘An Hart of tenne’, Gascoigne, Art of
Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hartmans'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hartmans, harmans,</span></span> the stocks. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl,
v. 1 (Song); ‘The harmans, the stockes’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#harman-beck'>harman-beck</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haskard,</span></span> a base, vulgar fellow. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 606; id.,
Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, 24. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haske,</span></span> a rush or wicker basket. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16 (explained
as ‘a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish’); ‘<span class='it'>Cavagna</span>, a fishers
basket, or haske’, Florio. See NED. (s.v. Hask).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hatch,</span></span> a half-door, wicket with an open space above; ‘Ore [o’er] the
hatch’, King John, i. 1. 171; ‘Take the hatch’ (jump over it), King Lear,
iii. 6. 76; ‘As hound at hatch’ (i.e. like a dog set to watch the door’), Turbervile,
The Lover to Cupid, st. 12 from end.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hatched'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hatched,</span></span> inlaid, or ornamented on the surface with gold or silver
work; ‘My sword well hatch’d’, Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 2 (Junius); iii. 5;
‘hatched hilts’, Valentinian, ii. 2. 7; deeply marked, Beaumont and Fl.,
Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Antigonus); Custom of the Country, v. 5 (Guiomar);
marked with lines like a thing engraved, marked with lines of
white hair, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 65; ‘hatched in silver’, Shirley, Love in
a Maze, ii. 2 (Simple).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hatchel,</span></span> to comb flax or hemp with a ‘hatchel’. Heywood, Rape of
Lucrece, ii. 3 (Song); ‘<span class='it'>Serancer</span>, to hatchel flax, &amp;c., to comb, or dress it
on an iron comb’, Cotgrave. A Cheshire word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hate,</span></span> for <span class='it'>ha’ it</span>, have it. Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 141. Spelt <span class='it'>ha ’t</span>, riming
with <span class='it'>gate</span>; Parliament of Bees, character 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hatter,</span></span> to bruise, batter; <span class='it'>hatter out</span>, to wear out, exhaust with fatigue.
Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 371. In prov. use in Scotland and various
parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='haught'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haught,</span></span> lofty, haughty. Richard III, ii. 3. 28; Marlowe, Edw. II,
iii. 2 (Baldock); <span class='it'>haulte</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 2, § 1; ch. 5,
§ 2; <span class='it'>haut</span>, high-sounding, ‘The haut Castilian tongue’, Middleton, Span.
Gipsy, ii. 2 (Pedro). OF. <span class='it'>haut</span>, <span class='it'>halt</span>, high.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haulse;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#halse'>halse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haulte;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haught'>haught</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haunt,</span></span> to practise habitually. Tusser, Husbandry, § 67 (ed. 1878,
p. 155). In ME. ‘to haunt’, reflex., was used in the sense of ‘to accustom’
or ‘exercise oneself’, ‘Haunte thi silf to pitee’ (Wyclif, 1 Tim. iv. 7).
Norm. F. <span class='it'>hanter</span>, ‘aller habituellement en un lieu’ (Moisy). Icel. <span class='it'>heimta</span>,
to bring home the sheep in autumn from the summer pastures; see
Icel. Dict. (s.v. ii. 3). Cp. the use of the verb ‘to haunt’ in the New
Forest, to accustom cattle to repair to a certain spot, see EDD. (s.v.
Haunt, 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hause'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hause,</span></span> to embrace; ‘I will say nothing of hausing and kissing’,
Bernard, tr. of Terence, Heauton, v. 1 (NED.). A north-country pronunciation;
see EDD. (s.v. Halse, 9). See <span class='bold'><a href='#halse'>halse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hauster,</span></span> gullet (?); ‘Crack in thy throat and hauster too’, Grim
the Collier, iv. 1 (Grim).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haut;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haught'>haught</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hauzen,</span></span> to embrace. Peele, Hon. Order of the Garter, l. 5, ed. Dyce,
p. 585. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hause'>hause</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>havell,</span></span> a low fellow; a term of reproach. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to
Courte, 94, 604. Also spelt <span class='it'>hawvel</span> (NED.). Origin of the word unknown.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>having,</span></span> possession, property. Merry Wives, iii. 2. 73; Twelfth Nt. iii.
4. 379. <span class='it'>Havings</span>, pl. wealth; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Asotus).
‘Havings’, possessions, still in use in Yorks. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haviour,</span></span> possession, wealth; <span class='it'>havoir</span>, Holland, Livy, xxiii. 41; <span class='it'>havour</span>,
Warner, Albion’s England, xvi. 164; ‘<span class='it'>Havoire</span>, possession.’ ME. <span class='it'>havure</span>,
or havynge of catel or oþer goodys, ‘averium’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aveir</span>,
property (Moisy); <span class='it'>avoir</span>, property, goods (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haviour,</span></span> ‘behaviour’; ‘Her heavenly haveour’, Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
April, 66; Merry Wives, i. 3. 86; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 226. See Dict. (s.v.
Behaviour).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>havok:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to cry havok</span>, to give the signal for the pillage of a captured
town; ‘They .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. did do crye hauok upon all the tresours of Troyes’,
Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 175. 7; Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 273. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>crier
havok</span> (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1385), OF. <span class='it'>crier havo</span> (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1150), see NED. (s.v. Havoc).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hawdod,</span></span> the corn bluebottle, <span class='it'>Centaurea cyanus</span>. Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
§ 20. 28; <span class='it'>haudoddes</span>, pl., id., § 20. 4. Cp. OE. <span class='it'>hǣwe</span>, blue (in Erfurt
Gl. <span class='it'>hāwi</span>), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 596. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hardocks'>hardocks</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hawker,</span></span> to act as a hawker, to haggle. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 620.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to carry hay on one’s horn</span>, to be mad or dangerous; from
an ox apt to gore whose horns were bound about with hay; cp. Horace,
Sat. i. 4. Herrick, Hesper. Oberon’s Pal., 176.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay, hey,</span></span> a hedge. Thersites, ed. Pollard, 1. 155; ‘A hay (implieth)
a dead fence that may be made one yeere and pulled downe another’,
Norden, Survey in Harrison’s England (NED.). In E. Anglia a ‘hey’ is
the term used for a clipped quickset hedge. ME. <span class='it'>hay</span>, a hedge (Chaucer,
Rom. Rose, 54). OE. <span class='it'>hege</span>, ‘sepes’ (Ælfric); cp. OF. <span class='it'>haie</span>, hedge (Rom.
Rose, 50).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay, hey,</span></span> a country-dance, of the nature of a reel; ‘The antic hay’,
Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1 (Gaveston); Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Henry);
‘Rounds and winding Heyes’, Davies, Orchestra, lxiv (Arber, Garner, v. 39).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hay'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, a term in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7
(Bobadil); a home-thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27. Ital. <span class='it'>hai</span>, thou hast (Florio);
cp. L. <span class='it'>habet</span>; exclaimed when a gladiator was wounded.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hay-de-guy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay-de-guy</span> (<span class='bold'>-guise</span>)<span class='bold'>,</span></span> a kind of ‘hay’ or dance. <span class='it'>Heydeguyes</span>, pl.,
Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 27; ‘We nightly dance our hey-day-guise’,
Robin Goodfellow, 102, in Percy’s Reliques (ed. 1887, iii. 204). In
Somerset and Dorset the word is used for merriment, high spirits, rough
play, see EDD. (s.v. Haydigees).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haye,</span></span> a net for catching rabbits. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly);
Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 14. <span class='it'>Hay-net</span> is still in use in Kent and E.
Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>hay</span>, nete to take conyys, ‘cassis’ (Prompt. EETS.
211).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hay-ree'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay-ree,</span></span> a carter’s cry in urging on his horses. Nash, Summer’s Last
Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. In prov. use in Derbyshire
(EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#ha'>ha and ree</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hayte'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hayte and ree,</span></span> words used by a carter in urging on or directing his
horses. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, ii. 1 (Clown) (vol. ii, 384).
In Yorkshire the carters say ‘hite’ and ‘ree’, as calls to the horse to
turn to left or right, see EDD. (s.v. Hait). ‘Hait’ is in gen. prov. use in
Scotland and England, as a call to urge horses or other animals to go on
(id.). ME. <span class='it'>hayt</span>: ‘<span class='it'>Hayt</span>, Brok!, <span class='it'>hayt</span>, Scot!’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1543). Cp.
Swed. dial. <span class='it'>häjt</span>, a cry to the ox or horse to turn to the left. Rietz (s.v.
Hit).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haytye,</span></span> defiance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 301, 17 (rendering of
<span class='it'>ahatine</span> in the F. text). F. <span class='it'>aatie</span>, <span class='it'>ahatie</span>, ‘haine, querelle, provocation,
engagement, lutte’ (Partonop. de Blois, 9585), also <span class='it'>aatine</span>, <span class='it'>ahatine</span>, from
<span class='it'>ahatir</span> (<span class='it'>aatir</span>), ‘se hâter, s’engager à un combat, accepter une provocation’
(Chron. des ducs de Normandie); see Ducange. Cp. <span class='it'>s’ahastir</span>, ‘se hâter’
(Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haze,</span></span> for <span class='it'>ha ’s</span> = have us. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4. 7; iv. 3 (Roister).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hazelwood.</span></span> ‘Yea, hazelwood!’ (meaning, ‘why, of course!’), Gascoigne,
in Hazlitt’s ed., ii. 23, 285. The exclamation implies that the
information given is of a very simple description, and that the hearer
knows a great deal more of the matter than the informant. In Chaucer’s
Tr. and Cr. iii. 890, there occurs the fuller form, ‘Ye, haselwodes shaken’,
i.e. Yea, hazelwoods shake (when the wind blows); in the same poem,
v. 505, ‘Ye, haselwode!’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>head,</span></span> intellect, person, a favourite word with Sir T. Browne, ‘Every
Age has its Lucian, whereof common Heads must not hear’, Rel. Med.
(ed. Greenhill, 36).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>headless hood.</span></span> In Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 96, we find: ‘So
vainely t’aduance thy headless hood.’ Here <span class='it'>hood</span>, i.e. state, condition, is
the usual suffix <span class='it'>-hood</span>, used as if it could be detached. ‘Explained in the
Globe ed., followed by recent Dicts., as = <span class='it'>heedlesshood</span>’, but Spenser elsewhere
always distinguishes between <span class='it'>headless</span> and <span class='it'>heedless</span>, NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='heal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heal,</span></span> to cover; ‘Heal, to cover, to heal a house’, ‘to heal the fire’,
‘to heal a person in bed’, Ray, S. and E. Country Words (1674). See
EDD. (s.v. Heal, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>helen</span>, to hide, conceal (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2279).
OE. <span class='it'>helian</span>, to hide. See <span class='bold'><a href='#unhele'>unhele</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heale,</span></span> health. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (ed. Arber, 46); well-being,
prosperity, Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 768. In prov.
use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Heal, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>hele</span>, health,
recovery, safety (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). OE. <span class='it'>hǣlo</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hear ill,</span></span> to be ill spoken of. B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 6 (end); Dedication
of Volpone. A Greek idiom, cp. κακῶς ἀκούειν, to be ill spoken of.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heardgroom, herdgroom,</span></span> a shepherd-lad. Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
Feb., 35. Copied from Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1225 (‘Thise litel herdegromes’).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hearse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hearse,</span></span> a structure of wood used in noble funerals, decorated with
banners, heraldic devices, and lighted candles, on which it was customary
for friends to pin short poems or epitaphs; ‘Underneath this sable
hearse’, B. Jonson, Epit. on the Countess of Pembroke; Middleton,
Women beware, iii. 2 (Livia); a coffin on a bier, Richard III, i. 2. 2.
See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heart at grass:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take heart at grasse</span>; ‘Rise, therefore, Euphues,
and take heart at grasse, younger thou shalt never bee, plucke up thy
stomacke’, Lyly, Euphues (Nares); Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, 24.
See Nares (s.v. Heart of grace).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heart of grace:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take heart of grace</span>; ‘His absence gave him so
much heart of grace’, Harington, Ariosto, xxii. 37; ‘Take heart of grace,
man’, Ordinary (Nares). See Nares (s.v. Grace, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heart-breaker,</span></span> a lovelock, a curl; jocosely. Butler, Hudibras,
pt. i, c. 1, 253.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heautarit,</span></span> quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab.
<span class='it'>ʿuṭârid</span>, the planet Mercury; also, quicksilver (Steingass).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heave a bough,</span></span> rob a booth or shop. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘<span class='it'>To heve a bough</span>, to robbe or rifle a boeweth [booth]’,
Harman, Caveat, p. 84.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heave and ho,</span></span> a cry of sailors in heaving the anchor, &amp;c.; hence,
with might and main; ‘With heaue and hoaw on Bacchus name they
shout’, Phaer, Aeneid vii, 389; ‘Heue and how’, Skelton, Bowge of
Courte, 252.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heben,</span></span> ebony; ‘<span class='it'>Hebene</span>, Heben or Ebony, the black and hard wood
of a certain tree growing in Aethiopia and the East Indies’, Cotgrave;
<span class='it'>heben wood</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37. L. <span class='it'>hebenus</span>, Gk. ἔβενος, the ebony tree;
cp. Heb. <span class='it'>hobnîm</span>, billets of ebony (Ezek. xxvii. 15).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hebenon,</span></span> name given to some substance having a poisonous juice,
Hamlet, i. 5. 62; <span class='it'>hebon</span>, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iii. 4 (Barabas). Cp.
Gower, C. A. iv. 3017, ‘Bordes Of hebenus that slepi Tree’, borrowed
from Ovid, Metam. xi. 610 ff., ‘Torus est ebeno sublimis .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Quo cubat
ipse deus membris languore solutis.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hecco,</span></span> the woodpecker; ‘The laughing hecco’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 80;
‘The sharp-neb’d hecco’, The Owl, 206. Cp. Glouc. <span class='it'>heckwall</span>, see EDD.
(s.v. Hickwall).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heckfer,</span></span> a heifer. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 811; ‘Heckfare, <span class='it'>bucula</span>’,
Levins, Manip. ME. <span class='it'>hekfere</span>, ‘juvenca’ (Prompt.); ‘buccula, juvenca’
(Voc. 758. 3). Formerly in prov. use in the north country and in
E. Anglia, but now obsolete, see EDD. (s.v. Heifer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heedling,</span></span> headlong. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘To tumble a man
heedlinge down the hyll’, Cranmer, Pref. to Bible; precipitately, ‘His
armie flying headling back againe’, Knolles, Hist. Turks (ed. 1621, 170).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heft,</span></span> weight. Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 15. Hence, stress, need,
<span class='it'>emergency</span>; ‘Forsooke each other at the greatest heft’, Ferrex, st. 5. In
common prov. use in the midland and southern counties: it means weight,
esp. the weight of a thing as ascertained by lifting it in the hand, see EDD.
(s.v. Heft, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heggue,</span></span> a hag, malicious female sprite; ‘Heggues that are seen in the
feldes by night like Fierbrandes’, Arber, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 23;
‘The ayery heggs’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 31.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heir,</span></span> to be heir to, to inherit. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 714;
Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 161.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hell,</span></span> the ‘den’ for prisoners in the games of Barley-break and Prison-bars;
‘Here’s the last couple in hell’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady,
v. 4 (Elder Loveless). See <span class='bold'><a href='#barley-break'>barley-break</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hell-waine,</span></span> a phantom wagon, seen in the sky at night. Middleton,
The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); R. Scott, Disc. Witchcraft, vii. 15 (ed. 1886, 122).
In the Netherlands the Great Bear is called <span class='it'>Hellewagen</span>, see Grimm, Teut.
Myth. 802.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helm,</span></span> the helmet or head of a still. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helm,</span></span> a handle. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 312. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helmster,</span></span> the tiller of a helm. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, vi. 571.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='helo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helo</span></span>(<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>e, healo,</span></span> bashful; ‘<span class='it'>Il est né tout coiffé</span>, hee is verie maidenlie,
shamfaced, heloe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611); ‘<span class='it'>Honteux</span>, shamefast, bashful, helo,
modest’, id.; ‘<span class='it'>Heloe</span> or <span class='it'>helaw</span>, bashful, a word of common use’, Ray, North
Country Words, 25; <span class='it'>hala</span>, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Lolpool). In
common prov. use in the north country as far south as Cheshire and
Derbysh. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helops,</span></span> a savoury sea-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 13. L.
<span class='it'>helops</span>, <span class='it'>ellops</span>; Gk. ἔλλοψ. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ellops'>ellops</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hempstring,</span></span> a worthless fellow; a term of reproach, with reference
to a halter. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 2 (Psiteria); ‘A perfect young hemp-string’,
Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, v. 1 (Vaumont). In Scotland (Forfarsh.)
a hangman’s halter is called a hempstring (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hemule, hemuse,</span></span> a roebuck in its third year. <span class='it'>Hemule</span>, Book of St.
Albans, fol. E4, back; <span class='it'>hemuse</span>, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45, p. 143. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hench-boy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hench-boy,</span></span> a page. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.); Randolph,
Muses’ Looking Glass, i. 4 (Mrs. Flowerdew); <span class='it'>hinch-boy</span>, B. Jonson, Gipsies
Metamorphosed (Song). Cp. <span class='it'>henchman</span>, a page, Mids. Nt. D. ii. 1. 121; ‘A
henchman or henchboy, <span class='it'>page d’honneur, qui marche devant quelque Seigneur de
grand authorité</span> (Sherwood).’ See Prompt. EETS. (note, no. 999).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hend,</span></span> to hold, grasp. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 27; to cast, hurl, Mirror for
Mag., Brennus, st. 83. OE. <span class='it'>ge-hendan</span>, to hold in the hand.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hent,</span></span> to seize, lay hold of. Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 133; pt. t. <span class='it'>hent</span>, Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 2. 1; pp. <span class='it'>hent</span>, occupied, Meas. for Measure, iv. 6. 14; caught, taken,
Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 553. ME. <span class='it'>hente</span>, to seize (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span>
3347); OE. <span class='it'>hentan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>her,</span></span> their. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 160; Sept., 39. ME. <span class='it'>here</span> (<span class='it'>her</span>) of
them, their (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>hira</span>; see Dict. M. and S.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herber,</span></span> a green plot, flower-garden. Lusty Juventus, Song after Prologue,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 46. ME. <span class='it'>herber</span>, a garden (Chaucer, Tr. and
Cr. ii. 1705); an arbour (Leg. G. W. 203). See Dict. (s.v. Arbour).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='herberow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herberow,</span></span> a lodging, shelter. Morte Arthur, leaf 77. 11; bk. iv, c.
25; <span class='it'>herborowe</span>, v., to lodge, provide shelter for, id., lf. 90, back, 19; bk. v,
c. 11. ME. <span class='it'>herberwe</span>, a lodging, shelter; an inn; a harbour (Chaucer). Icel.
<span class='it'>herbergi</span>, lit. army-shelter. See <span class='bold'><a href='#harborough'>harborough</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herden,</span></span> made of hards or fibres of flax. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 118.
In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Harden, sb.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heriot;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#harriot'>harriot</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herneshaw,</span></span> a young heron. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 9; ‘<span class='it'>Heronceau</span>, an
hernshawe’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>hernesewe</span>, Golding, Metam. xiv. 580; <span class='it'>heronsew</span>, Disobedient
Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 282. For numerous prov. pronunciations
of the word, which is in common use from the north country to
Kent, see EDD. (s.v. Heronsew). ME. <span class='it'>heronsewe</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 68);
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>herouncel</span> (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herring-bones,</span></span> stitches arranged in a zigzag pattern. Marston,
Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 20.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hersall,</span></span> rehearsal. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herse,</span></span> a harrow triangular in form; ‘The archers ther (at the battle
of Creçy) stode in maner of a herse’ (i.e. drawn up in a triangular formation),
Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. cxxx. F. <span class='it'>herce</span>, a harrow (Cotgr.); Ital.
<span class='it'>erpice</span>; L. <span class='it'>hirpex</span> (<span class='it'>irpex</span>). See Dict. (s.v. Hearse).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hery, herry,</span></span> to praise, honour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 13; Shep. Kal.,
Feb., 62; Nov., 10; <span class='it'>herried</span>, pret., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 347. ME.
<span class='it'>herie</span>, to praise (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1672); OE. <span class='it'>herian</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hesperides,</span></span> the garden of the Hesperides; ‘Trees in the Hesperides’,
L. L. L. iv. 3. 341; ‘the plot Hesperides’, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 56;
p. 90, col. 1; ‘The garden called Hesperides’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2
(1168); scene 9. 82 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hew,</span></span> a hewing, hacking, slaughter. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 49.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hewte,</span></span> a copse. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 75; ‘Small groues or
hewts’, id., c. 31; p. 81; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, ii. 731. OE. <span class='it'>hiewet</span>,
a hewing (Gregory’s Past, xxxvi); cp. <span class='it'>copse</span>, from OF. <span class='it'>coper</span>, to cut.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hey;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hay'>hay</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heydeguyes;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hay-de-guy'>hay-de-guy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heyward,</span></span> an officer of a township who had charge of hedges and
enclosures. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 11, p. 41. In prov. use
in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>heyward</span>, ‘agellarius’ (Prompt.).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#hay'>hay</a></span> (hedge).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hiccius doctius,</span></span> a similar word to ‘hocus-pocus’, used in imitation
of Latin by conjurers who performed tricks; hence, a conjurer’s trick,
a cheat. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 580.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hidder and shidder,</span></span> male and female animals. Spenser, Shep.
Kal., Sept., 211. <span class='it'>Hidder</span> = <span class='it'>he-der</span>, he ‘deer’, i.e. male animal; <span class='it'>shidder</span> =
<span class='it'>she-der</span>, she ‘deer’, i.e. female animal. In Yorks. and Lincoln the
sheep-farmers speak of a flock of ‘he-ders’ and ‘she-ders’, see EDD.
(s.v. He, 10 (6)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>high-copt,</span></span> high-topped. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coppe'>coppe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>high-lone,</span></span> entirely alone; said of a child learning to walk. Romeo,
i. 3. 36 (1 quarto); Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 2. 9. [‘The Mares .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
were scarce able to go high-lone’, G. Washington, Diary, March 13, 1760
(NED.).]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>highmen,</span></span> loaded dice that produced high throws. Middleton, Your
Five Gallants, v. 1 (Fitsgrave); ‘Two bayle of false dyce, <span class='it'>videlicet</span>, high
men and loe men’, London Prodigal, i. 1. 218.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hight,</span></span> to promise; ‘And vowes men shal him hight’, Phaer, Aeneid,
i. 290. In Chaucer we find <span class='it'>highte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>hote</span>, to promise (Tr. and
Cr. v. 1636; C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 496); OE. <span class='it'>hēht</span> (<span class='it'>hēt</span>), pt. t. of <span class='it'>hātan</span> to promise, to bid,
command. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hot2'>hot</a></span> (<span class='bold'><a href='#hot2'>hote</a></span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hight2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pr.</span> and <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, is or was called; ‘<span class='it'>I hight</span>’, I am named, Peele,
Araynement of Paris, i. 1 (Venus); was called, was named, ‘She Queene
of Faeries hight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 14; ‘The citie of the great king hight
it well.’ This is a Chaucerian spelling and usage, the form being due to
ME. <span class='it'>hight</span> (promised, commanded), see above. In Chaucer we find <span class='it'>hight</span>,
‘is called’, and ‘was called’ (Leg. G. W. 417, and 725). But we also
find the regular form <span class='it'>hatte</span> for both pres. and pt. t. (Tr. and Cr. iii. 797;
H. Fame, 1303). OE. <span class='it'>hātte</span>, is or was called, pr. and pt. t. of <span class='it'>hātan</span>. This
is the only trace of the old passive voice preserved in English, cp. Goth.
<span class='it'>haitada</span>, I am called.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='higre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>higre,</span></span> the ‘bore’ in a river. Drayton, Pol. vii. 10; xxviii. 482.
Med. L. <span class='it'>Higra</span> in William of Malmesbury, De Pontific.: ‘Anglis dictus
quidam quotidianus aquarum Sabrinae fluvii furor quem vel voraginem
vel vertiginem undarum dicam nescio’ (Ducange). See EDD. (s.v. Eagre).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hild,</span></span> to heel over, to lean over; ‘<span class='it'>I hylde</span>, I leane on the one syde,
as a bote or shyp’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian form, see EDD. (s.v.
Heald, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>hilde</span>, to incline; <span class='it'>heldyn</span>, ‘inclino’ (Prompt.). OE.
<span class='it'>hieldan</span> (late WS. <span class='it'>hyldan</span>, Kentish <span class='it'>heldan</span>), to incline. See NED. (s.v. Hield).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hilding,</span></span> a good-for-nothing person of either sex. Applied to a man,
All’s Well, iii. 6. 4; applied to a woman; a jade, a baggage, Romeo, iii. 5.
169; Dryden, Spanish Fryar, ii. 3; a worthless horse, Holland’s Livy,
xxi. 40, p. 415. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hill,</span></span> to cover; to cover from sight, to hide. Warner, Albion’s England,
bk. iv, ch. 21, st. 27; <span class='it'>hild</span>, pp. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 472. In prov. use in
various parts of England from the north to Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Hill,
vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>hyllyn</span>, ‘operio’ (Prompt.); <span class='it'>hile</span> (Wyclif, Mark 14. 65). Icel.
<span class='it'>hylja</span>, to cover.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>himp,</span></span> to hobble, to limp; ‘Lame of one leg, and himping’, Udall,
tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 35; ‘Hymping on the one legge’, id., Alexander,
§ 57. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Cp. Du. dial. <span class='it'>himp-</span>, in <span class='it'>himphamp</span>,
‘een hinkend persoon’ (Boekenoogen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hinch-boy;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hench-boy'>hench-boy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hine,</span></span> a farm-labourer, a ‘hind’. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, vii. 504; Waller,
Suckling’s Verses, 33. This form is in prov. use in Lakeland, Yorks. and
in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Hind, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>hyne</span> (Wyclif,
John x. 12). OE. <span class='it'>hī</span>(<span class='it'>w</span>)<span class='it'>na man</span>, a man of the household, of the servants;
<span class='it'>hī</span>(<span class='it'>w</span>)<span class='it'>na</span>, gen. pl. of <span class='it'>hīwan</span>, domestics.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hing,</span></span> to hang. Machin, The Dumb Knight, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
x. 128. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in England in the north
and midland counties as far as Warwick. ME. <span class='it'>hinge</span>, to hang, to be hung
(Wars Alex. 4565). Icel. <span class='it'>hengja</span> (causal vb.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hinny,</span></span> to neigh as a horse; ‘I hynnye as a horse’, Palsgrave; ‘He
neigheth and hinnieth, all is hinnying sophistry’, B. Jonson, Barthol.
Fair, v. 3 (Busy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hippocras,</span></span> a cordial drink made of wine flavoured with spices.
Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Lady); <span class='it'>Hypocrace</span>, ‘vinum
myrrhatum’, Levins, Manipulus; <span class='it'>ipocras</span>, Heywood, 1 Pt. Edw. IV.
(Wks. ed. 1874, i. 10). ME. <span class='it'>ipocras</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1807); see note in
Wks., v. 361. OF. <span class='it'>ipocras</span>, <span class='it'>ypocras</span>, forms of the Greek proper name
Hippocrates, a famous physician, died <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.C.</span> 357. The cordial was so
called because it was run through a strainer or ‘Ipocras’ bag, see NED.
(s.v. Hippocras bag). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hippodame,</span></span> a name given by Spenser to a fabulous sea-monster,
F. Q. ii. 9. 50; iii. 11. 40. The allusion is probably to the ‘hippocamp’,
or sea-horse, a monster with a horse’s body and a fish’s tail, used by the
sea-gods, cp. W. Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 1: ‘Fair silver-footed Thetis .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
Guiding from rockes her chariot’s hyppocamps.’ In the form <span class='it'>hippodame</span>,
Spenser was probably thinking of <span class='it'>hippotame</span>, ME. <span class='it'>ypotame</span>, hippopotamus
(K. Alis. 5184); see NED. (s.v. Hippopotamus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hippogrif,</span></span> a fabulous creature like a griffin, but with the body and
hindquarters of a horse, Milton, P. L. iv. 542. Ital. <span class='it'>ippogrifo</span> (Ariosto,
Orlando Furioso, iv. 4 and follg.), rendered ‘griffin-horse’ in Hoole’s
Ariosto, iv. 125.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hiren,</span></span> a seductive female; ‘Haue wee not Hiren here?’, 2 Hen. IV,
ii. 4. 173 (1597). An allusion to a female character in Peele’s play of
‘The Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin the fair Greek’ (ab. 1594); see NED.
The initial <span class='it'>H</span> is superfluous, as the allusion is to the name Irene
(F. <span class='it'>Irène</span>), Gk. εἰρήνη, peace. See Greene and Peele’s Works, ed. Dyce,
p. 341. This play by Peele is lost.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>his,</span></span> after a sb., used instead of the genitive inflexion, chiefly with
proper names; ‘For Jesus Christ his sake’, Book Com. Prayer; ‘Secretaries
to the kyng his moste excellente majestie’, Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia,
Ep. (ed. Lumby, 2); ‘Edward the Second of England, his Queen’, Bacon,
Essay 19. See NED. (s.v. His, 4), and Notes to P. Plowman, C. xix. 236,
p. 381. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>histriomastix,</span></span> a severe critic of playwrights. Lady Alimony, i. 2
(Trills), where the epithet of ‘crop-eared’ is prefixed. The allusion is to
the book entitled ‘Histriomastix, The Players’ Scourge’, by W. Prynne,
published in 1633; for which he lost both ears, and was pilloried. L.
<span class='it'>histrio</span>, an actor + Gk. μάστιξ, a scourge.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hizz,</span></span> to hiss. King Lear, iii. 6. 17; Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25
(ed. Arber, p. 46).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ho,</span></span> a cry calling on one to stop; cessation, intermission, limit. Phr.
<span class='it'>out of all ho</span>, out of all limit, beyond all moderate bounds, Greene, Friar
Bacon, iv. 2 (1733); scene 11. 73 (W.); p. 174, col. 2 (D.). In Yorkshire
they say, ‘There is no ho with him’, i.e. there is no moderation, he is not
to be restrained. ‘Out of all ho’ in the sense of ‘immoderately’ is a common
phrase in the west Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Ho, sb.<sup>1</sup> 5). ME. <span class='it'>ho</span>,
cessation, in phr. <span class='it'>withouten ho</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1083). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hob,</span></span> a sprite, hobgoblin. Mirror for Mag., Glendour, st. 8; ‘From elves,
hobs, and fairies .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. From fire-drakes and fiends .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Defend us, good
heaven!’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 6. For the folk-lore connected
with the sprite called <span class='it'>Hob</span>, see EDD. <span class='it'>Hob</span> is a familiar or rustic abbreviation
of the name Robert or Robin, cp. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 123, ‘To beg of Hob
and Dick’. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoball,</span></span> a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek);
‘An hobbel, cobbel, dullard, <span class='it'>haebes</span>, <span class='it'>barbus</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. In
prov. use in the north, meaning a fool, a dull, stupid person, a blockhead,
see EDD. (s.v. Hobbil, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobby,</span></span> a small kind of hawk; ‘<span class='it'>Hobreau</span>, the hawke tearmed a hobby’,
Cotgrave; Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 195; <span class='it'>hobies</span>, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
cap. xviii. ME. <span class='it'>hoby</span>, ‘alaudarius’ (Cath. Angl.); OF. <span class='it'>hobe</span>, see Hatzfeld
(s.v. Hobereau).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobby,</span></span> a small or middle-sized horse; ‘<span class='it'>Hobin</span>, a hobbie, a little ambling
horse’, Cotgrave; <span class='it'>hobby-headed</span>, shaggy-headed like a hobby or small
pony, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). ‘Hobby’ is in prov. use
in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hobby, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1), also in Ireland,
see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 274.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobby-horse.</span></span> In the morris-dance and on the stage, a figure of a
horse, made of light material, and fastened about the waist of the performer,
who imitated the antics of a skittish horse; also, the performer.
L. L. L. iii. 1. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobler,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobbler,</span></span> a child’s top that wobbles, or spins unsteadily.
Hence, a useless toy, Lyly, Mother Bombie, v. 3 (Bedunenus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hob-man-blind,</span></span> a name for the game of blind-man’s-buff. Two Angry
Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 364; Heywood, Wise Wom. Hogsdon,
iii. (Works, v. 310). ‘Hobman’ in Yorkshire is a name for a sprite, hobgoblin,
see EDD. (s.v. Hob, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4 (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hock-cart'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hock-cart,</span></span> the last cart at harvest-home. Herrick has a short poem,
entitled ‘The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home’, where he says, ‘The harvest
swains and wenches bound For joy, to see the Hock-Cart crown’d’ (Nares);
see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 301. Cp. the Hertfordsh. term ‘the Hockey Cart’,
the cart that brings in the last corn of the harvest, see EDD. (s.v. Hockey,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 2 (2)). Prob. conn. with Low G. <span class='it'>hokk</span> (pl. <span class='it'>hokken</span>), a heap of sheaves
(Berghaus). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hooky'>hooky</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Hock-day'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hock-day,</span></span> the second Tuesday after Easter Sunday (NED.). <span class='it'>Hock
Monday</span>, the Monday in ‘Hock-tide’; ‘Rec<sup>d</sup> of the women upon Hoc Monday
5<span class='it'>s.</span> 2<span class='it'>d.</span>’, Churchwardens’ Accounts, Kingston-upon-Thames, ann. 1578,
see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 104; spelt <span class='it'>Hough-munday</span>, Arden of Feversham, iv.
3. 43. See NED. (s.v. Hock-day) and EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1 (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoddydoddy,</span></span> a short and dumpy person; a simpleton, dupe. Udall,
Roister Doister, i. 1. 25; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 10. 65.
See EDD. (s.v. Hoddydoddy, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hoddypeke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoddypeke,</span></span> a simpleton. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, iii. 3 (Chat);
Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1176; <span class='it'>huddypeke</span>, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 42; Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 326.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hodermoder'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hodermoder, in,</span></span> in secret, secretly. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 69; <span class='it'>in
huddermother</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus, ed. Arber, p. 36; spelt <span class='it'>huddermudder</span>,
Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 74; <span class='it'>hudther-mudther</span>, Golding, Metam. xiii. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hodmandod,</span></span> a shell-snail. Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo); Bacon,
Sylva, § 732. An E. Anglian word (Ray, 1691); also in prov. use in various
parts of England, meaning (1) a snail, (2) a clumsy ill-shaped person,
(3) a simpleton, (4) a mean stingy person, (5) a scarecrow (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hogrel, hoggerel,</span></span> a young sheep of the second year; ‘Hoggerell, a
yong shepe’, Palsgrave; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 72. ‘Hoggrel’ is in
common prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England for a young
sheep, before it has been shorn (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hog-rubber,</span></span> a clown; a term of reproach. Middleton, Roaring Girl,
ii. 2 (Moll).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoiden,</span></span> a rude, ignorant, ill-bred man. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1
(Hilts); ‘Shall I argue of conversation with this hoyden?’, Milton, Colasterion
(Works, ed. 1851, p. 364); ‘<span class='it'>Badault</span>, a fool, dolt, sot, fop, ass, coxcomb,
gaping hoydon’, Cotgrave. Du. <span class='it'>heyden</span>, ‘homo agrestis et incultus’
(Kilian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoigh, on the,</span></span> in a state of excitement, riotously disposed, jolly.
Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (NED.); Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 1
(Sir Francis). <span class='it'>Hoigh</span> = <span class='it'>hoy</span>, an interjectional cry denoting excitement.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoit,</span></span> to be noisy; to indulge in noisy mirth. Beaumont and Fl., Knt.
of Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. M.); Etherege, Man of Mode, v. 2 (Dorimant);
Fuller, Pisgah, ii. 4. 6. ‘To hoit’, to play the fool; ‘hoyting’, riotous and
noisy mirth, are in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Hoit,
vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hokos pokos,</span></span> a juggler. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Mirth). Cp.
G. <span class='it'>hokuspokus</span>, jugglery; see Weigand and H. Paul.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hole, the;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#counter3'>counter</a></span> (3). In Cook’s play of Green’s Tu Quoque
(printed in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 563) Spendall is represented as in prison
‘on the Master’s side’, or the best part of the prison. But he runs through
his money, and is advised to remove ‘into some cheaper ward’. He asks
‘What ward should I remove in?’ Holdfast replies, ‘Why, to the Twopenny
Ward; .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. or, if you will, you may go into the Hole, and there you
may feed for nothing.’ See <span class='bold'><a href='#basket'>basket</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Hollantide'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hollantide,</span></span> the season of All Saints, the first week in November, All
Hallows’-tide. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.); <span class='it'>All-holland-tide</span>,
Your Five Gallants, iv. 2 (Servant). See EDD. (s.v. Hallantide).
OE. <span class='it'>Hālgena tīd</span>, the Saints’ Season.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>holt,</span></span> a small wood or grove. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 3
(Sul. Shepherd). ME. <span class='it'>holt</span>, a plantation (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 6). OE. <span class='it'>holt</span>,
a wood (Beowulf).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Holyrood, Holyrode-day,</span></span> the Festival of the Invention of the Holy
Cross, May 3; ‘Any time between Martilmas and holy-rode day’, Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 134. 21; the Festival of the Exaltation of the Holy
Cross, Holy Cross Day, September 14, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 52.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>honest,</span></span> chaste. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 247; iii. 3. 236; iv. 2. 107; ‘Like
as an whore envyeth an honest woman’, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xvi. 49.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>honniken,</span></span> a term of contempt; a despised fellow. Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, iv. 5 (Lord Mayor); here <span class='it'>honniken</span> is equated to needy
knave. Evidently connected with MHG. <span class='it'>hone</span>, a despised person, one
who lives in shame and contempt; cp. G. <span class='it'>hohn</span>, scorn, derision.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>honorificabilitudinitatibus.</span></span> Given as a specimen of a long word,
L. L. L. v. 1. 41; Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hooch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hooch,</span></span> a ‘hutch’, a chest. Gascoigne, Flowers (ed. Hazlitt, i. 67).
‘Hutch’ is in common prov. use in Suffolk for one of those oaken chests
still to be seen in cottages (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>huche</span>, ‘cista, archa’ (Prompt.);
see note, no. 1031 (EETS., p. 622). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hutch'>hutch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hoodman-blind'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoodman-blind,</span></span> the game now called blind-man’s-buff. Hamlet, iii.
4. 77; <span class='it'>hudman-blind</span>, Merry Devil, i. 3. 52. From the <span class='it'>hood</span> used to blind
the <span class='it'>man</span>. Cp. <span class='it'>hoodman</span>, blinded man, All’s Well, iv. 3. 136. [This old
word ‘hoodman-blind’ appears in Tennyson’s In Memoriam, lxxviii.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hooky'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hooky, hooky,</span></span> a cry at harvest-home. Nash, Summer’s Last Will
(Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 54. See EDD. (s.v. Hockey, sb.<sup>1</sup>).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#hock-cart'>hock-cart</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoop,</span></span> to shout with wonder. Hen. V, ii. 2. 108; to shout at with
insult, Cor. iv. 5. 84. (Usually altered to <span class='it'>whoop</span>.) Hence, <span class='it'>Hooping</span>, a cry
of surprise, exclamation of wonder, As You Like It, iii. 2. 203. ME. <span class='it'>howpe</span>,
to utter a hoop (Chaucer, C.T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4590), OF. <span class='it'>huper</span> (later <span class='it'>houper</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoove;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hove'>hove</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hope,</span></span> expectation unaccompanied by desire. 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 235;
Othello, i. 3. 203; to expect, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 4 (Fernando); iv. 2
(Roseilli); Antony and Cl. ii. 1. 38.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hopper,</span></span> the hopper of a mill; <span class='it'>hopper-hipped</span>, shaped about the hips like
a ‘hopper’. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir Simon); <span class='it'>hopper-rumped</span>,
Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Sordido).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hopper-crow,</span></span> a crow that follows a seed-hopper during sowing. Greene,
James IV, v. 2. 10. See NED. ‘Hopper’, a seed-basket used in sowing corn
by hand, is in prov. use from the north of England to Shropshire (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hopshakles,</span></span> ‘hap-shackles’, bands for confining a horse or cow at
pasture. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 128. ‘Hapshackle’ still in use in
Scotland (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horion,</span></span> a severe blow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 19. F. <span class='it'>horion</span>,
‘a dust, cuff, rap, knock, thump’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horn,</span></span> a horn-thimble; ‘A horn on your thumb’, Cambyses, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, iv. 235. See <span class='bold'><a href='#horn-thumb'>horn-thumb</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hornbook,</span></span> a paper containing the alphabet, &amp;c., protected by a transparent
plate of horn, and mounted on a wooden tablet with a handle.
Used for teaching the very young. L. L. L. v. 1. 49; Two Noble Kinsmen,
ii. 3. 46.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horn-keck,</span></span> the gar-fish. Used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘Suche an horne-keke’ (as a term
of abuse), Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 77; l. 304.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='horn-thumb'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horn-thumb,</span></span> a thimble of horn worn on the thumb by cut-purses,
for resisting the edge of the knife in cutting; ‘I mean a child of the
horn-thumb, a babe of booty, a cut-purse’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1
(Overdo). Cp. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 5 (1661); p. 138, col. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horrent,</span></span> bristling. Milton, P. L. ii. 513. L. <span class='it'>horrens</span>, rough, bristled.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horse,</span></span> pl. horses. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 280 (and very often).
OE. <span class='it'>hors</span>, horses, pl. of <span class='it'>hors</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horsecorser,</span></span> a dealer in horses. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1084.
‘A Horse Courser, or Horse scourser, <span class='it'>mango equorum</span>’, Minsheu (1627);
<span class='it'>horse-courser</span>, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; Marlowe, Faustus, iv. 6.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#corser'>corser</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hose,</span></span> clothing for the legs and loins, breeches. As You Like It, ii. 7.
160; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 185, 239. ‘Doublet and hose’, the typical male attire
(i.e. without a cloak), Much Ado, i. 203; Merry Wives, iii. 1. 47.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hospitage,</span></span> hospitality. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 6. Med. L. <span class='it'>hospitagium</span>
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hospitale,</span></span> a place of rest, a building for receiving guests, a ‘hostel’.
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 10. Med. L. <span class='it'>hospitale</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>host,</span></span> a victim to be sacrificed. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 196. L. <span class='it'>hostia</span>,
an animal sacrificed, victim.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>host,</span></span> to receive as a guest, to entertain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27;
<span class='it'>hosted with</span>, lodged with, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hostless,</span></span> inhospitable. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hostry'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hostry,</span></span> a hostelry, an inn, lodging; ‘There was no roume for them in
the hostrey’, Tyndale, Luke ii. 7; Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23; Marlowe,
Faustus, iv. 6 (near the end). OF. <span class='it'>hosterie</span>, <span class='it'>hostrie</span>, an inn. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>osteria</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hot,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> of <span class='it'>hit</span>. Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii.
276; Beard, Theatre, God’s Judgem. i. 21 (ed. 1631, 122); pp., R. Scott,
Discov. Witcher. xii. 15 (ed. 1886, 206). In prov. use in Warwicksh., Bedfordsh.,
and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Hit, 2 and 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hot2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hot, hote,</span></span> was named, was called; ‘It rightly hot The well of life’,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 29; ‘Another Knight that hote Sir Brianor’, ib., iv.
4. 40. OE. <span class='it'>hātte</span> (Matt. xiii. 55), pres. and pt. t. of <span class='it'>hātan</span>, to be called. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#hight2'>hight</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hote,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, named; ‘A shepheard trewe yet not so true As he that earst
I hote’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 164. A mistaken form, from confusion
with the above. The usual late ME. form is <span class='it'>hight</span> (<span class='it'>hiȝt</span>), <span class='it'>hehte</span> (in Layamon);
OE. <span class='it'>hēht</span> (<span class='it'>hēt</span>), pt. t. of <span class='it'>hātan</span>, to call, name.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hot-house,</span></span> a bagnio, house for hot baths; a house of ill-fame. Measure
for M. ii. 1. 66; Westward Ho (near the beginning).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hough-munday;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Hock-day'>Hock-day</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hounces,</span></span> housings, trappings of a horse; ‘Gemmes That stood upon
the Collars, Trace, and Hounces in their Hemmes’, Golding, Metam. ii.
109 (not in Latin text). The explanation in NED., ‘an ornament on the
collar of a horse’, applies only to other passages; in this case, the gems
ornamented the collars, traces, and housings. ‘Hounce’ is an E. Anglian
word for the red and yellow worsted ornament spread over the collar of
a cart-horse (EDD.). It is a nasalized form of F. <span class='it'>housse</span>, a foot-cloth for
a horse (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>housel</span></span> (<span class='it'>fig.</span> used), to give repentance to; ‘May zealous smiths so
housel all our hacknies, that they may feel compunction in their feet’,
Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1, (Shorthose). See below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>housling;</span></span> ‘The housling fire’, i.e. the sacramental fire, Spenser, F. Q.
i. 12. 37. The Roman marriage was solemnized <span class='it'>sacramento ignis et aquae</span>.
ME. <span class='it'>houselen</span>, to administer the Eucharist (P. Plowman, B. xix. 3); <span class='it'>housele</span>,
the Eucharist (ib., C. xxii. 394). OE. <span class='it'>hūsel</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Housel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hout,</span></span> a ‘hoot’, an outcry, clamour. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iv. 1
(Andrugio). See Dict. (s.v. Hoot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hove'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hove,</span></span> to tarry, stay, dwell. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 20; Colin Clout, 666;
‘(At Bosworth) some stode hovynge a-ferre of’, Fabyan (cited by Way).
A north-country word, now obsolete (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>hovyn</span>, as hors, and
abydyn, ‘sirocino’, Prompt. EETS. 236. See Dict. M. and S., and Way’s
note in Prompt., p. 252.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Howleglas;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Owlglass'>Owlglass</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>howres,</span></span> hours, i.e. the prayers said at the canonical hours or stated
times for prayer; ‘The Hermite .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Was wont his howres and holy
things to bed’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 5. 35. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v.
Hours of Prayer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoyle,</span></span> a mark made use of by archers when shooting at rovers (NED.).
Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 334. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rove'>rove</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoyn,</span></span> to grumble, grunt. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 4. A Lincoln
word, see EDD. (s.v. Hone, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). Norm. F. <span class='it'>hoigner</span>, ‘hogner, geindre,
pleurnicher, se lamenter’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoyst, brock!,</span></span> a cry of encouragement to a horse. Warner, Albion’s
England, bk. ii, ch. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huck-bone,</span></span> the hip-bone. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 57. 4. ‘Huck’ is
a Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1), so, in Tennyson’s Northern
Cobbler, ‘I slither’d an’ hurted my huck.’ See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hucke,</span></span> to higgle, chaffer, bargain. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v,
ch. 26, st. 45; ‘I love not to sell my ware to you, you hucke so sore’, Palsgrave.
A west-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Huck, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>hukke</span>,
‘auccionor’ (Voc. 566. 36). Cp. MHG. <span class='it'>hucke</span>, ‘Kleinhändler’ (Lexer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huckle,</span></span> the hip, haunch. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 45; Butler, Hud.
i. 2. 925. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huckle-bone,</span></span> the hip-bone, Hobbes, Iliad, 67 (NED.); the astragalus,
‘ Ἀστράγαλος is in Latin <span class='it'>talus</span> and it is the little square hucclebone in the
ancle place of the hinder legge in all beastes saving man’, Udall, Apoph.,
185; ‘<span class='it'>Bibelots</span>, hucklebones or the play at hucklebones’, Cotgrave. This
name for the game is in prov. use in the north, in Lincoln, Surrey, and
Sussex (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huckson,</span></span> lit. the hough-sinew; also, the hough or hock; corresponding
to the heel in man. Herrick, The Beggar to Mab, 11. A Devon word,
see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.<sup>1</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>hōhsinu</span>. See NED. (s.v. Hockshin, also,
Huxen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hudder-mudder;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hodermoder'>hodermoder</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huddle,</span></span> to hurry; ‘The huddling brook’, Milton, Comus, 495;
‘Country vicars when the sermon’s done, Run huddling to the benediction’,
Dryden, Epil. to Sir Martin Mar-all, 2; to hurry over in a
slovenly way, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgics, i. 353.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huddle, old,</span></span> a term of contempt for a decrepit old man. Lyly,
Euphues, p. 133; Webster, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huddypeke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hoddypeke'>hoddypeke</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hudman-blind;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hoodman-blind'>hoodman-blind</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huff,</span></span> to brag, talk big, bluster; freq. <span class='it'>to huff it</span>. B. Jonson, Every Man
in Hum. i. 2. 35 (Knowell); Peele, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 2 (end); <span class='it'>huff</span>, a
specimen of brag, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 391; hence <span class='it'>huff-cap</span>, a swaggerer,
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); <span class='it'>attrib.</span> blustering, swaggering,
‘Half-cap terms’, Bp. Hall, Sat. i. 3. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='huffecap'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huffecap,</span></span> a heady ale; ‘Such headie ale and beere as for the mightinesse
thereof .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. is commonlie called huffecap’, Harrison, Desc. England,
bk. ii, ch. 18; ‘This Huf-cap (as they call it) and <span class='it'>nectar</span> of lyfe’, Stubbes,
Anatomy of Abuses (Church-ales); Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hugger-mugger,</span></span> secretly. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 392; <span class='it'>in hugger-mugger</span>,
Hamlet, iv. 5. 84; Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 123; Spenser, Mother
Hub. 139. Etymology unknown. It has been suggested that <span class='it'>hugger-mugger</span>
may be connected with the Anglo-Irish <span class='it'>cugger-mugger</span>, which means
whispering, gossiping in a low voice, see Joyce, English as we speak it in
Ireland, p. 243, and Modern Language Review, July, 1912 (On some Etymologies).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hugy,</span></span> huge, vast. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503; Dryden, tr.
of Virgil, Aeneid v, 113.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huisher,</span></span> an ‘usher’, door-keeper of a court, servant of an official,
B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3. 11; ‘His sergeants or huishers (<span class='it'>lictores</span>)’,
Holland, Livy, xxiv. 44; <span class='it'>husher</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 13; <span class='it'>hushier</span>, Beaumont
and Fl., Four Plays in One, Induction. F. <span class='it'>huissier</span>, deriv. of (<span class='it'>h</span>)<span class='it'>uis</span>, door.
See Dict. (s.v. Usher).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huke,</span></span> a cape or cloak, with a hood. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 56; Bacon,
New Atlantis, 1639, p. 24. OF. <span class='it'>huque</span>. Med. L. <span class='it'>huca</span>, ‘ricinium quo scilicet
mulieres olim caput operiebant et velabant’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hulched up,</span></span> cramped up; ‘I hate to be hulched up in a coach’, Etherege,
Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Belinda).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hulder,</span></span> the name of a kind of wood for arrows; ‘Hulder, black
thorne .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. make holow, starting, studding, gaddynge shaftes’, Ascham,
Toxophilus, p. 124. The MHG. <span class='it'>holder</span> (G. <span class='it'>holunder</span>) means ‘elder’; it is
objected that Ascham mentions ‘elder’ in the same sentence, and this
suggests some difference. The difference may be only in name, according
as the wood is foreign or native. Some say <span class='it'>hulver</span> (= holly) is meant; but
I think <span class='it'>holly</span> would be praised.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hulk,</span></span> to disembowel; ‘Hulke hir (which is to open hir and take out
hyr garbage)’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 62; p. 175; Beaumont and Fl.,
Philaster, v. 4. 36. In prov. use in E. Anglia for taking out the entrails
of a rabbit, see EDD. (s.v. Hulk, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hull,</span></span> to float, to drift, or move on the sea as a ship with the sails
furled, by the action of winds and waves upon the hull. Richard III, iv.
4. 488; Twelfth Night, i. 5. 217; Milton, P. L. xi. 840; Sir T. Browne,
Christian Morals, i. 1 (ed. Greenhill, 161).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hum,</span></span> a kind of liquor; strong or double ale. B. Jonson, Devil an
Ass, i. 1 (Satan); Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, ii. 3 (Belleur).
Hence, <span class='it'>Hum-glass</span>, a glass for ‘hum’. Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humblesse,</span></span> humility. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 26; i. 12. 8. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>humblesse</span> (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humbling,</span></span> rumbling (of wind blasts); Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid (ed.
Arber, 19); buzzing as a bee (ed. Arber, 31).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humdrum,</span></span> a commonplace fellow; ‘Stand still humdrum’, Butler,
Hudibras, i. 3. 112; ‘A consort for every humdrum’, B. Jonson, Every
Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humect,</span></span> to moisten. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11 (end). L.
<span class='it'>humectare</span>, <span class='it'>humectus</span>, wet; <span class='it'>humere</span>, <span class='it'>umere</span>, to be wet.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humorous,</span></span> moist, humid, damp; ‘Every lofty top, which late the
humorous night Bespangled had with pearle’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 214;
‘The humorous night’, Romeo, ii. 1. 31; with play on sense of fanciful,
whimsical, humoursome, L. L. L. iii. 1. 177; moody, ill-humoured, As
You Like It, i. 2. 278.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humour;</span></span> in ancient and mediaeval physiology, one of the four chief
fluids (blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy) by the relative proportions of
which a man’s physical and mental qualities were supposed to be determined;
hence, mental disposition, temperament, mood. L. L. L. v. 1. 10;
Merry Wives, ii. 3. 80. See Schmidt’s Shakespeare-Lexicon (s.v.); also,
B. Jonson’s Every Man in Humour (H. B. Wheatley’s account of the
word in Introduction, pp. xxx-xxxiv).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Humphrey;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Duke'>Duke Humphrey</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hunte, hunt,</span></span> a hunter, huntsman. Golding, Metam. viii. 359; Gascoigne,
Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 313; Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1
(NED.). OE. <span class='it'>hunta</span>, a huntsman (Chron., ann. 1127); hence Hunt as a
proper name.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hunt’s-up,</span></span> the hunt is up; a tune played to awaken huntsmen.
Romeo, iii. 5. 34; <span class='it'>the hunt is up</span>, Titus Andron. ii. 2. 1; Fletcher, Bonduca,
ii. 4 (near the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurle,</span></span> strife, commotion. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 27. ME.
<span class='it'>hurl</span>, or debate, ‘sedicio’ (Prompt.). See below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurlwind,</span></span> a tempestuous wind. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 8. Cp.
the Cumberland word ‘hurl’ for a tempest, see EDD. (s.v. Hurl, sb.<sup>3</sup> 11).
ME. <span class='it'>hurle</span>, rush, noise (of the sea); <span class='it'>hurling</span>, roaring (Wars Alex.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurricano,</span></span> a hurricane. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, v. 2 (Malefort);
a water-spout, ‘The dreadful spout which shipmen do the hurricano call’,
Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 172. See Dict. (s.v. Hurricane), and Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurring,</span></span> reverberation. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 253.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurry-durry,</span></span> boisterous, as rough weather; hence, impatient, irritable;
‘ ’Tis a hurry-durry blade’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i. 1 (2 Sailor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huswife, housewife,</span></span> a hussy, a pert girl. North, tr. of Plutarch,
M. Antonius, § 3 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161); ‘Impudent housewife!’ Vanbrugh,
The Confederacy, v. 2 (Gripe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='hutch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hutch,</span></span> to hoard, as in a <span class='it'>hutch</span> or chest. Milton, Comus, 719. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#hooch'>hooch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hyaline;</span></span> ‘The clear Hyaline, the glassy sea’, Milton, P. L. vii. 619.
Cp. Apoc. iv. 6: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη, ‘a sea of glass like unto crystal.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hyce, hyse,</span></span> to ‘hoist’ up; ‘I hyce up an ancre; I hyse up the sayle’,
Palsgrave. Dutch <span class='it'>hyssen</span>, ‘to hoise’ (Sewel). See Dict. (s.v. Hoist).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hydegy,</span></span> a rustic dance. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 264; <span class='it'>hydagy</span>, id., xxvi. 206.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#hay-de-guy'>hay-de-guy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hydromancy,</span></span> divination by water. Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 2.
16 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D). Gk. ὑδρομαντεία.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hydroptic,</span></span> dropsical; ‘His hydroptic thoughts’, Lady Alimony, i. 3
(Timon). [‘Soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst’, Browning, Grammarian’s
Funeral, 95.] Deriv. of Gk. ὕδρωψ, the dropsy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hydrus,</span></span> a water-snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. L. <span class='it'>hydrus</span>; Gk. ὕδρος,
a water-snake. Cp. <span class='it'>hydra</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hyke,</span></span> a cry to hounds, to encourage them to the chase; ‘Hyke a Talbot,
Hyke a Bewmont, Hyke, Hyke, to him, to him’, Turbervile, Hunting,
c. 40; p. 112; ‘Hike, hallow, hike’, id., c. 62, p. 175. [Cp. Scott, Quentin
Durward, c. 33.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hyleg</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hylech;</span></span> ‘A Term apply’d by Astrologers to a Planet, or part of
Heaven which in a Man’s Nativity becomes the Moderator and Significator
of his Life’, Phillips, Dict. (1706); Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret);
Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3, 7; B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter).
Pers. (and Turkish) <span class='it'>hailāj</span>, a calculation of astrologers, a ‘nativity’. See
NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hypodidascal,</span></span> an usher. Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 5 (Gorgon). Gk.
ὑποδιδάσκαλος, under-master or subordinate teacher.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hypostasis,</span></span> a sediment, esp. of urine. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3
(Physician); Nabbes, Microcosmus, iv (Phlegm). Gk. ὑπόστασις, lit. that
which stands under; hence, sediment.</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='I'>I</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iambographer,</span></span> a writer of iambic verses. Shirley, Maid’s Revenge,
i. 2 (Montenegro). Gk. ἰαμβογράφος.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>idlesse, ydlesse,</span></span> idleness. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 31; Greene, Alphonsus,
Prol. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>idol,</span></span> a phantom. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 94; Od. iv. 1074; an
image, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); <span class='it'>idole</span>, image, reflection, likeness,
Spenser. F. Q. ii. 2. 41. Gk. εἴδωλον, an image, a phantom (Homer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>igniferent,</span></span> fire-producing, flaming. Birth of Merlin, iv. 5. 95. L.
<span class='it'>igniferens</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ilke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ilke,</span></span> an ‘elk’, a wild swan. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 86, where it is remarked
that it is ‘of Hollanders so term’d’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#elk'>elk</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>illecebrous,</span></span> enticing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2;
W. Webbe. Eng. Poetry (ed. Arber, p. 45). From L. <span class='it'>illecebra</span>, enticement;
<span class='it'>illicere</span>, to entice.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>illect,</span></span> to entice, allure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 4.
From the pp. stem of <span class='it'>illicere</span>, to allure.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ill-mewed,</span></span> kept in confinement without proper attention. Beaumont
and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3 (Jaques). See <span class='bold'><a href='#mew2'>mew</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ill-part,</span></span> playing an evil part; ‘King John, that ill part personage’,
Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Friar); see NED. (s.v. Ill, iv. 8. B).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>illustrate,</span></span> to render illustrious; ‘Matter to me of glory, whom their
hate Illustrates’, Milton, P. L. v. 739; ‘Good men are the stars, the
planets of the ages wherein they live, and illustrate the times’, B. Jonson,
Discoveries, lxxxvi (p. 751). L. <span class='it'>illustrare</span>, to make famous.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbibition,</span></span> treatment with a liquid, which was absorbed. B. Jonson,
Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imboss,</span></span> to take refuge. Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 130. See below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='imbost'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbost,</span></span> driven to an extremity, like a hunted animal. Beaumont and
Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); exhausted, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 135.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#embost1'>embost</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbosture,</span></span> embossed ornament, raised work; ‘There nor wants
Imbosture nor embroidery’, Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3
(Rufinus). See <span class='bold'><a href='#emboss'>emboss</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbrangle,</span></span> to confuse, mix up, entangle. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 19. A
Cheshire word: ‘An imbrangled affair’ (EDD.); cp. ‘brangled’, in prov.
use: ‘His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of ’em’
(Northampton); see EDD. (s.v. Brangle, vb. 2). OF. <span class='it'>branler</span>, to shake,
brandish (a lance) (Ch. Rol. 3327).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbrayde,</span></span> to upbraid. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 3.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#embraid'>embraid</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='imbroccato'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbroccato,</span></span> a pass or thrust in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7
(<span class='it'>or</span> 4) (Bobadil); <span class='it'>imbrocatas</span>, pl., Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Ital.
<span class='it'>imbroccata</span>, ‘a thrust at fence, or a venie giuen ouer the dagger’ (Florio);
<span class='it'>imbroccare</span>, to thrust. See <span class='bold'><a href='#embrocata'>embrocata</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>immane,</span></span> huge, great in size. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 296;
Odyssey, ix. 268. L. <span class='it'>immanis</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>immoment,</span></span> of no moment, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 166.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imp,</span></span> offspring, child. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 47; Hen. V, iv. 1. 45; ‘Thou
most dreaded impe of highest Jove’, Spenser, F. Q., Introd. 3; i. 9. 6;
i. 10. 60; i. 11. 5; ‘The King preferred eighty noble imps to the order of
knighthood’, Stow Annals, 1592 (Trench, Sel. Gl.). The orig. mg. of <span class='it'>imp</span>
was a graft, scion, or young shoot. ME. <span class='it'>impe</span>: ‘of feble trees ther comen
wrecched impes’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 3146); OE. <span class='it'>impe</span>, a shoot, graft; <span class='it'>impian</span>,
to graft. Med. L. <span class='it'>impotus</span>, a graft (Lex Salica); Gk. ἔμφυτος, engrafted (N.T.
James i. 21).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imp,</span></span> to engraft new feathers on to a hawk’s wing; to supply it with
new feathers. Richard II, ii. 1. 292; Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the
Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); Rule a Wife, ii. 1. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impacable,</span></span> unappeasable. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 22; Ruines of Time,
395. L. <span class='it'>pacare</span>, to appease.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impale,</span></span> to encircle, as with a pale, to surround. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3;
Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 2. 7; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 308.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impassible,</span></span> incapable of suffering. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii,
c. 24, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 95. Patristic L. <span class='it'>impassibilis</span>
(Tertullian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='impeach'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impeach,</span></span> to hinder. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 28; Spenser,
Virgil’s Gnat, 576. See <span class='bold'><a href='#empeach'>empeach</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='impechement'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impechement,</span></span> hindrance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15 (end).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#empesshement'>empesshement</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imperance,</span></span> commanding quality, command. Hero and Leander, iii.
392. L. <span class='it'>imperare</span>, to command.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impertinent,</span></span> not pertinent, irrelevant. Bacon, Essay 26; Tempest
i. 2. 138.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impeticos,</span></span> to pocket. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 27; a burlesque word coined
by the fool; it seems to suggest <span class='it'>petticoat</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>implore,</span></span> entreaty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 37.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imply,</span></span> to enfold. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; i. 6. 6; to involve as a necessary
consequence, Pericles, iv. 1. 82.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>importable,</span></span> not to be borne, unendurable. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 35;
Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 3792. L. <span class='it'>importabilis</span>, unbearable.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>importance,</span></span> import, meaning. Winter’s Tale, v. 2. 20; a matter that
concerns, Cymb. i. 4. 45; urgent request, ‘At our importance hither is he
come’, King John, ii. 7; Twelfth Nt. v. 371. F. <span class='it'>importance</span>, ‘importance,
moment, value’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>important,</span></span> urgent. Much Ado, ii. 1. 74; Beaumont and Fl., Honest
Man’s Fortune, iv. 1 (Veramour).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>importune,</span></span> grievous, severe. Spenser, F. Q, i. 12. 16; ii. 6. 29; importunate,
Bacon, Essay 9. L. <span class='it'>importunus</span>, troublesome.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imposterous, impostorous,</span></span> deceitful, like an impostor. Beaumont
and Fl., Woman-hater, iii. 2 (Duke); Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough,
ii. 3 (Horsus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impostumation,</span></span> a tumour. Bacon, Essay 15, § 14. From <span class='it'>impostume</span>
(<span class='it'>imposthume</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impotence,</span></span> want of self-restraint, ungovernable passion. Massinger,
A Very Woman, ii. 1 (Antonio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impotent,</span></span> unable to restrain oneself, unrestrained. Spenser, F. Q. v.
12. 1; Massinger, Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. 37. L. <span class='it'>impotens</span>, powerless.
See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imprest,</span></span> advance-pay of soldiers or sailors. Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, i. 1 (L. Mayor); <span class='it'>imprest money</span>, money advanced, a loan, B. Jonson,
Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). Ital. <span class='it'>impresto</span>, a loan; <span class='it'>imprestare</span>, to lend
(Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>improperation,</span></span> a reproach, a taunt. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i,
§ 3. Deriv. of Late L. <span class='it'>improperare</span>, to reproach (Vulgate, Rom. xv. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='improve'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>improve,</span></span> to use for advantage, to turn to account. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1.
159.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>improved,</span></span> approved. Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Brandino).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impuissance,</span></span> want of power, weakness. Bacon, Henry VII (ed.
Lumby, p. 92).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>in;</span></span> <span class='it'>in-and-in</span>, a gambling game for three persons, with four dice; <span class='it'>in-and-in</span>
was when there were two doublets, or all four dice alike, which
swept all the stakes. B. Jonson, New Inn, Bat Burst, an <span class='it'>in-and-in</span> man,
i.e. a professed gambler. See Halliwell. <span class='it'>In by the week</span>, (?) prepared to go
on for a week, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2. 4. <span class='it'>In dock, out nettle</span>, a popular
charm, said when rubbing a dock-leaf on the skin, to remove the effects of
a sting by a nettle. Hence applied to a change from pain to joy, or to any
exhibition of inconstancy or unsteadiness (Nares). Udall, Roister Doister,
ii. 3. 8; Heywood, English Proverbs, 54, 133. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v.
Nettle). ME. <span class='it'>Netle in, dokke out</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 461). See Skeat,
Early English Proverbs, § 187.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incarnadine,</span></span> to dye red. Macbeth, ii. 2. 62. <span class='it'>Incarnadine</span> = F. <span class='it'>incarnadin</span>;
Ital. <span class='it'>incarnadino</span>, carnation colour (Florio); lit. flesh-colour, deriv. of
<span class='it'>carne</span>, flesh.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incartata,</span></span> an (assumed) term in fencing. Pl. <span class='it'>incartata’s</span>, Nabbes,
Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Nabbes explains it as being one of the ‘terms
in our dialect to puzzle desperate ignorance’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incend,</span></span> to heat; to inflame, incite. <span class='it'>Incended</span>, heated, Sir T. Elyot,
Castel of Helth, bk. iii, c. 3; Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § last but one. L.
<span class='it'>incendere</span>, to set on fire.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='incense'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incense,</span></span> to ‘insense’, to make to understand. Hen. VIII, v. 1. 43.
‘To insense’ (also written ‘incense’) is in gen. prov. use in the sense of
‘to cause to understand, to explain’ in Scotland and Ireland, also in England,
from the north to Somerset and Cornwall; see EDD. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>ensenser</span>, to inspire, persuade (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incentive,</span></span> enkindling; ‘Incentive reed .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. pernicious with one touch
to fire’ (i.e. the gunner’s match), Milton, P. L. vi. 519.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inceration,</span></span> a bringing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchemist,
ii. 1 (Face). Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>cera</span>, wax. Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#ceration'>ceration</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inchoation,</span></span> beginning. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 62, 92). L.
<span class='it'>inchoatio</span>, beginning (Vulgate, Heb. vi. 1); deriv. of <span class='it'>inchoare</span>, to begin.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inchpin,</span></span> a name among huntsmen for the sweetbread of a deer; by
some explained as ‘the lower gut’, so Cotgrave (s.v. <span class='it'>Boyau</span>); Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, i. 219; ‘The sweete gut which some call the Inchpinne’,
Turbervile, Hunting, 134; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Robin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incision,</span></span> blood-letting. <span class='it'>To make incision</span>, to let blood, in order to cure,
As You Like It, iii. 2. 75; gallants were in the habit of stabbing their
arms, to prove their love for a mistress, Merchant of Venice, ii. 1. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incomber,</span></span> an ‘encumber’, an encumbrance on an estate, a mortgage;
‘Raves hee for bonds and incombers’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play
(Lurchall’s last speech), Works, iii. 358.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>income,</span></span> an entrance-fee. Latimer, Seven Sermons before Edw. VI
(ed. Arber, p. 50); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Mugeron); a coming
in, arrival, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvii. 482.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incompared,</span></span> incomparable, matchless. Spenser, Verses to Sir F.
Walsingham, l. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incontinent,</span></span> immediately. Richard II, v. 6. 48; Othello, iv. 3. 12.
F. <span class='it'>incontinent</span>, ‘incontinently, immediately’ (Cotgr.). Late L. <span class='it'>in continenti</span>
(<span class='it'>tempore</span>), in continuous time, without interval (Tertullian); see Rönsch.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incontinently,</span></span> immediately. Othello, i. 3. 306.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incony,</span></span> fine, delicate, pretty; ‘My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my
in-conie Jew’, L. L. L. iii. 1. 136; iv. 1. 144; ‘Thy incony lap’, Marlowe,
Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (<span class='it'>or</span> 6). A cant word, prevalent about 1600, of doubtful
meaning and of unascertained origin.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>increable,</span></span> incredible. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 140. 9; lf. 150, back,
6. OF. <span class='it'>increable</span> (F. <span class='it'>incroyable</span>), incredible.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indagation,</span></span> investigation. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxiv. L. <span class='it'>indagatio</span>
(Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inde,</span></span> blue; see <span class='bold'><a href='#ynde'>ynde</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indeniz’d into,</span></span> made to dwell in another body, metamorphosed into;
‘The perverse and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes’, Fisher,
True Trojans, ii. 3. 23; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 172. Short for <span class='it'>endenizen’d</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indent,</span></span> to bargain. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 87. Lit. to make an indenture
or covenant; an indenture being so called because duplicate deeds were
cut with notched edges to fit one another. Med. L. <span class='it'>indentare</span>, ‘dente infringere,
occare’ (Ducange); Law L. <span class='it'>indentare</span>, to indent.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indifferent,</span></span> impartial. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 1; v. 9. 36.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indigne,</span></span> unworthy, undeserving. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 30. F. <span class='it'>indigne</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indignify,</span></span> to treat with indignity, to scorn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 30;
Colin Clout, 583.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>induction,</span></span> a bringing in; ‘The solemne induction of the Arke into
the oracle’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Chron. v (contents); initial step in an undertaking,
1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 2. L. <span class='it'>inductio</span>, an introduction, leading into (Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indue,</span></span> to clothe, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>: ‘Untill ye be indued with power from on
high’ (quoadusque induamini virtutem ex alto), <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Luke xxiv. 49. L.
<span class='it'>induo</span>, to put on an article of dress.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='indue2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indue,</span></span> to endow. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Two Gent. v. 4. 153; <span class='it'>indued
unto</span>, endowed with qualities suited to, Hamlet, iv. 7. 180; <span class='it'>indues to</span>, brings
to, Othello, iii. 4. 146. See <span class='bold'><a href='#endue'>endue</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indurance;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#endurance'>endurance</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inew;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#enew'>enew</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infame,</span></span> to accuse as being infamous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii,
c. 7, § 10. <span class='it'>Infamed</span>, branded with infamy, Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. Med. L.
<span class='it'>infamare</span>, ‘accusare, criminari’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infamous,</span></span> ill-spoken of, of ill report. Milton, Comus, 424; deserving
of infamy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infant,</span></span> a youth of noble or gentle birth. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 25
(used of ‘a young knight’ of Prince Arthur); vi. 8. 25 (used of Prince
Arthur). OF. <span class='it'>enfant</span>, a young aspirant to knightly honours (Ch. Rol.
3196). Cp. the use of ‘Childe’ for a youth trained to arms, in Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 8. 7 (see Glossary, ed. C. P.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infarce,</span></span> to stuff, cram full. Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Helth, bk. iii, c. 1;
id., Governour, bk. i, c. 3 (end). L. <span class='it'>infarcire</span>, to stuff.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infausting,</span></span> a bringing of ill-luck. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby,
p. 179). From L. <span class='it'>infaustus</span>, unlucky.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infer,</span></span> to bring upon, inflict. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 31; to bring about,
Richard III, iv. 4. 343. L. <span class='it'>inferre</span>, to bring upon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infude,</span></span> to infuse. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 23, § 2; see
Croft’s note, ii. 351.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infuse,</span></span> infusion. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 47.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingate,</span></span> entrance, ingress. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 650,
l. 22; Ruines of Time, 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#gate1'>gate</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingenerate,</span></span> begotten; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, bk. xviii. 323; implanted,
Sir T. Elyet, Governour, bk. i, ch. 20, § 1. L. <span class='it'>ingeneratus</span>, inborn,
implanted.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingenious,</span></span> ingenuous. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Duchess). Conversely,
<span class='it'>ingenuously</span> = ingeniously, id., Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 (Contarino).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ingine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingine, ingene,</span></span> ingenuity, quickness of intellect. B. Jonson, Tale of
a Tub, v. 2 (Tub); Every Man, v. 3 (<span class='it'>or</span> 1) (Clement). ‘Ingine’ is the
usual Scottish form (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#enginous'>enginous</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ingle1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingle,</span></span> a favourite boy, an intimate associate, darling. B. Jonson, Sil.
Woman, i. 1 (Truewit); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Viola). A
Gloucestershire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ingle, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingle,</span></span> to wheedle, coax. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 (Imperia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingram,</span></span> ignorant. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1
(Shorthose); Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 397; Bullein’s Dialogue, 5 (Halliwell); ‘An ingrame, <span class='it'>ignarus</span>’,
Levins, Manipulus. A Northumberland word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingurgitation,</span></span> a gluttonous swallowing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i, c. 11, § last; id., bk. iii, c. 22, § 2. Late L. <span class='it'>ingurgitatio</span>, immoderate
eating and drinking; L. <span class='it'>gurges</span>, an abyss, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> of an insatiable craving
(Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inhabitable,</span></span> uninhabitable. Richard II, i. 1. 65; Puttenham, Eng.
Poesie, bk. iii, c. 22; p. 266. F. <span class='it'>inhabitable</span>, ‘unhabitable’ (Cotgr.).
L. <span class='it'>inhabitabilis</span>, not habitable (Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inhabited,</span></span> not dwelt in, uninhabited. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry,
iii. 1 (Thierry). F. <span class='it'>inhabité</span>, uninhabited (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inholder,</span></span> a tenant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iniquity;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#vice'>vice</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>injury,</span></span> to injure. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (near the end);
Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2 (Tailby); to abuse with words, ‘We
freely give our souldiers libertie to .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. injurie him with all manner of
reproaches’, Florio, Montaigne, I. xlvii. F. <span class='it'>injurier</span> (Montaigne).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inkle,</span></span> a kind of tape. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 208; also <span class='it'>incle</span>, Shirley,
Gamester, iv. 1 (Page). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Inkle, sb.<sup>1</sup>) .</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inlawed,</span></span> brought under the protection of the law. Bacon, Henry VII
(ed. Lumby, p. 16).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inleck,</span></span> a leak in a ship, letting water in. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid,
i. 560. OE. <span class='it'>hlec</span>, leaky. Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inly,</span></span> inward. Two Gent. ii. 7. 18; <span class='it'>inly</span>, inwardly, Temp. v. 200;
intimately, deeply. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 38.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='inmew'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inmew;</span></span> in Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 2 (Miranda): ‘As if
a Falcon .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. at his pitch inmew the Town below him.’ Probably a misprint
for <span class='it'>innew</span>, a spelling of <span class='bold'><a href='#enew'>enew</a>,</span> q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inn,</span></span> a dwelling-place, abode, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 33; iii. 3 30;
vi. iii. 29. ME. <span class='it'>in</span>, dwelling (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3622). OE. <span class='it'>inn</span>, ‘domus’
(Matt. xiii. 36).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>innocent,</span></span> a fool, idiot. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 98); Fletcher,
Rule a Wife, iii. 1. 14. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inquest,</span></span> a quest, search. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inquisition,</span></span> inquiry, search. Temp. i. 2. 35; ‘Inquisycion for bloode’,
Great Bible, 1539, Ps. ix. 12. L. <span class='it'>inquisitio</span>, a judicial inquiry (Vulgate,
Acts xii. 19).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>in-same,</span></span> together, in company, in late use, a mere expletive; ‘Lo!
my top I drive in-same’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 245;
‘I am seemly-shapen in-same’; id. 247. ME. <span class='it'>samen</span>, together (Ormulum,
377); <span class='it'>in same</span>, together (used as an expletive), see Wars Alex. 2646.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insecution,</span></span> close pursuit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 524; xxiii. 448.
Late L. <span class='it'>insecutio</span>, ‘persecutio’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insense;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#incense'>incense</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insignement,</span></span> teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii,
c. 12, § 5. See <span class='bold'><a href='#enseignement'>enseignement</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insolence,</span></span> originality of genius (of a poet); ‘Being filled with furious
insolence’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 619. See Trench, Sel. Gl. 150.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insolent,</span></span> unusual, original; ‘Most loftie, insolent, and passionate’,
Puttenham. Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 31; p. 77. L. <span class='it'>insolens</span>, unusual.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instance,</span></span> urgency; ‘With all instance and supplicacion’ (= Vulgate,
<span class='it'>in omni instantia et obsecratione</span>), Tyndale, Eph. vi. 18). F. <span class='it'>instance</span>, urgency
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instance,</span></span> something which urges or impels, a motive, cause.
Richard III, iii. 2. 25; All’s Well, iv. 1. 44. Late L. <span class='it'>instantia</span>,
urgency.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instant,</span></span> urgent, persevering. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Rom. xii. 12 (AV.); <span class='it'>instantly</span>,
urgently, earnestly, Luke vii. 4 (Tyndale and AV.). L. <span class='it'>instans</span>, persevering
(Vulgate, Acts vi. 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instate,</span></span> to endow. Measure for M. v. 1. 429; <span class='it'>instate to</span>, make over to,
Dekker and Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (O. Thorney).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instaure,</span></span> to renew, repair. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Jacomo).
L. <span class='it'>instaurare</span>, to renew (Vulgate, Eph. i. 10).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instinction,</span></span> instigation, inspiration. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
ch. 13, § 4; natural impulse, instinct, id., bk. iii, ch. 3, § 5. Deriv. of L.
<span class='it'>instinctus</span>, instigated, pp. of <span class='it'>instinguere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instop,</span></span> to stop up or fill up the seams of a ship. Dryden, Annus
Mirabilis, st. 147. Du. <span class='it'>instoppen</span>, to cram in (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intend,</span></span> to stretch or shoot out (of a dragon’s sting). Spenser, F. Q. i.
11. 38. L. <span class='it'>intendere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intend,</span></span> to attend to; ‘(When Augustus was at the games) he did nothing
else but intend the same’, Holland, tr. Suetonius. 60 (Trench, Sel.
Gl. 151); ‘Every man profiteth in that he most intendeth’, Bacon, Essay
29; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce); Massinger, Emperor
of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intendiment,</span></span> understanding. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 32; Teares of the
Muses, 144. Med. L. <span class='it'>intendimentum</span>, ‘mens, intelligentia’, <span class='it'>intendere</span>, ‘intelligere’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>interesse,</span></span> the being concerned or having part in the possession of
anything; ‘interest’, title, or claim; ‘The right title and interesse that
they have’, Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2, § 5; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 33; interest
on money, Hen. VIII, Instruct. Orator (NED.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>interesse</span>, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1388
(NED.); Med. L. <span class='it'>interesse</span>, ‘usura, foenus, quod ultra sortem solvitur, vel
quod quanti alicujus interest’ (Ducange); subst. use of L. <span class='it'>interesse</span>, to be
between, to be of importance.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='interessed'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>interessed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>, interested; ‘(They) were commonly interessed therein
themselves for their own ends’, Bacon, Essay 3 (end); ‘The heathens .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
were nothing interessed in that dispute’, Dryden, Pref. Religio Laici (ed.
Christie, Clar. Press, p. 123); Massinger, Duke of Milan, i. 1; spelt <span class='it'>interest</span>,
invested with a right or share, King Lear, i. 1. 87.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>interest,</span></span> to invest a person with a share in, or title to something;
‘Aurora ravish’d him .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. And interested him amongst the Gods’, Chapman,
tr. Odyssey, xv. 326.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>interlunar,</span></span> between two moons; with reference to the period between
the waning of the old and the waxing of the new moon; ‘Silent as the
moon .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Hid in her vacant interlunar cave’, Milton, Samson, 89.
L. <span class='it'>lunaris</span>, relating to the moon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intrince,</span></span> intricate, entangled. King Lear, ii. 2. 81; short for <span class='it'>intrinsicate</span>,
Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 307. Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>intrinsecus</span>, inwardly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intuse,</span></span> a bruise. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 33. L. <span class='it'>intusus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>intundere</span>,
to bruise.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inundant,</span></span> inundating, overflowing. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. v
(Generous), vol. iv, p. 252, l. 4. L. <span class='it'>inundare</span>, to inundate.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invect,</span></span> to inveigh. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 3 (M.
Tullius). Cp. L. <span class='it'>invectio</span>, an attacking with words, deriv. of <span class='it'>invehere</span>, to
inveigh against.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invent,</span></span> to find. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 10; v. 11. 50.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invest,</span></span> to enwrap, to enfold; ‘While night Invests the sea’, Milton,
P. L. i. 208; iii. 10; vii. 372; to put on, to don, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 18.
L <span class='it'>investire</span>, to clothe.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>investion,</span></span> investiture. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (near the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invinced,</span></span> unconquered; never before conquered. Heywood, Silver
Age, A iii (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 131. L. <span class='it'>vincere</span>, to conquer. Only found
in Heywood’s writings.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invious,</span></span> pathless, trackless. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 386. Cp. L. <span class='it'>invius</span>;
from <span class='it'>via</span>, a way.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inward,</span></span> intimate, confidential; ‘Inward Counsellours’, Bacon, Essays,
20, § 4; Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Mendoza); an intimate acquaintance,
‘I was an inward of his’, Measure for M. iii. 2. 138.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iper,</span></span> a kind of fish, of small value; ‘Amongst fishes, a poor iper’,
Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). Only in this passage.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Irish,</span></span> an old game resembling backgammon. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful
Lady, v. 4 (Lady); the Irish game, Shirley, St. Patrick (Epilogue). See
Cotton’s Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 109.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>irous,</span></span> wrathful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>irous</span> (Gower); from L. <span class='it'>ira</span>, anger.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>irpes</span></span> (?). ‘From Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and all
affected humours, Good Mercury defend us’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels,
v. 3 (<span class='it'>Palinode</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Isgrim,</span></span> the name of the wolf in the story of Reynard the Fox.
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert). <span class='it'>Isegrim</span> in Caxton’s version;
<span class='it'>Isengrijn</span> in Willem’s Low German poem; <span class='it'>Ysegrim</span> in Leeu’s Low German
prose version; see Caxton’s Reynard (ed. Arber, p. ix).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>island,</span></span> a shock-dog, rough dog; lit. ‘Iceland dog’, Shirley, Hyde Park,
i. 2 (Mis. Car.); ‘Her Iceland cur’, Massinger, The Picture, v. 1 (Ubaldo).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iulan,</span></span> of the first growth of the beard; ‘Iulan down’, Middleton, The
Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero). Gk. ἴουλος, the first growth of the beard.
Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ivybush,</span></span> the bush of ivy hung out as a vintner’s sign. Earle, Microcosmographie,
§ 12; ed. Arber, p. 33. The same as <span class='it'>bush</span> in As You Like
It (Epilogue).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='iwis'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iwis, ywis,</span></span> (often written <span class='it'>I wis</span>), certainly, assuredly. Tam. Shrew,
i. 1. 62; Richard III, i. 3. 102; <span class='it'>ywis</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 19; <span class='it'>i-wusse</span>,
B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); <span class='it'>wusse</span>, id., Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz).
ME. <span class='it'>iwis</span>, certainly, truly (Chaucer, Compleint, 48); OE. <span class='it'>gewiss</span>, certain.</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='J'>J</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jack,</span></span> a lad, fellow, chap, a young knave. Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 290;
Middleton, Women beware, i. 2 (Ward); Heywood, Wise Woman of
Hogsdon, v. 1 (Sir Harry); a Knave in Cards, Cotton, Complete Gamester,
ix; figure of a man striking the bell on the outside of a clock,
Richard III, iv. 2. 117; also, <span class='it'>Jack o’ the clock</span>, Richard II, v. 5. 60; <span class='it'>Jack i’
the clock-house</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 5. 3; <span class='it'>jack</span>, the piece of wood
with a quill for plucking the strings of the ‘virginal’, Shaks., Sonnet 128;
<span class='it'>Jack o’ Bethleem</span>, see <span class='bold'><a href='#bedlam'>bedlam</a>;</span> <span class='it'>Jack in box</span>, one who deceived tradesmen by
substituting empty boxes for boxes full of money, Middleton, Spanish
Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song), see Dyce, iv. 164; <span class='it'>Jack-a-Lent</span>, a small stuffed
puppet thrown at during Lent; a butt, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 27; v. 5. 134;
Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 4 (Rowland).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jack,</span></span> a coat of quilted or plated leather, a coat of defence. Drayton,
Pol. xxii. 166; ‘His golden-plated Iacke’, Twyne, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x,
314.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jack,</span></span> a drinking-measure, pot; said to contain half a pint. Taming
Shrew, iv. 1. 51; Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jackman;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#jarkman'>jarkman</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jack merlin,</span></span> a male merlin or hawk. Beaumont and Fl., Honest
Man’s Fortune, v. 1. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jacob’s staff;</span></span> ‘A pilgrim’s staff, so called from those who go on
pilgrimage to the city of St. Iago, or St. James Compostella in Spain’,
Blount, Glossographia; with reference to Gen. xxxii. 10, Spenser, F. Q.
i. 6. 35; a cross-staff, an instrument for measuring heights and distances,
Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Techelles); Beaumont and Fl., Elder
Brother, ii. 1 (Brisac); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 786; used by astrologers
and astronomers, Marmyon’s Fine Companion (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaculation,</span></span> a hurling. Milton, P. L. vi. 665. L. <span class='it'>jaculatio</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jade,</span></span> to over-drive, to pursue to weariness; ‘It is a dull thing to tire,
and, as we say, to <span class='it'>Iade</span> anything too farre’, Bacon, Essay 32; ‘The ne’er-yet
beaten horse of Parthia We have jaded out o’ th’ field’, Ant. and Cl.
iii. 1. 34. From ‘jade’, a contemptuous term for a horse; Scot. <span class='it'>jaud</span>;
Norm. F. *<span class='it'>jaude</span>, Icel. <span class='it'>jalda</span>, a mare; cp. Scot. <span class='it'>yaud</span>, an old worn-out horse,
see EDD. (s.v. Jade).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jambeux,</span></span> leggings, armour for the legs. Dryden, Palamon and Arc.,
iii. 35; spelt <span class='it'>giambeux</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. <span class='it'>jambeux</span> (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2065). See Dict. (s.v. Jamb).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jane,</span></span> a small silver coin of Genoa, introduced into England in Chaucer’s
time. Phr. <span class='it'>many a Jane</span> (i.e. much money), Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 58 (borrowed
from Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1925). OF. <span class='it'>Janne</span>(<span class='it'>s</span>, Genoa.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jane,</span></span> a twilled cotton cloth, a kind of fustian, ‘jean’; ‘Jane judgments’,
coarse, common judgments, Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 8.
Named from Genoa.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='jant1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jant,</span></span> to over-tire a horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 87. 3; <span class='it'>jaunt</span>,
Cotgrave (s.v. Jancer). See <span class='bold'><a href='#jaunce'>jaunce</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jant,</span></span> smart, showy; ‘To Smeton .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Where were dainty ducks, and
jant ones’, Brathwaite, Drunken Barnaby, 119.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>janty, jaunty,</span></span> genteel, elegant, stylish; <span class='it'>janty</span>, Parson’s Wedding,
i. 3 (Sad); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiv. 401 (but spelt <span class='it'>ganty</span> in ed. 1663);
<span class='it'>jantee</span>, Shadwell, Timon (epilogue). Anglicized phonetic representation of
F. <span class='it'>gentil</span>, see NED. (s.v. Jaunty).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jape,</span></span> to jest, joke. Berners, Froissart, I, ccxxxiii. 324; ‘I dyd but jape
with hym’, Palsgrave; a merry tale, a jest, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk.
iii, ch. 29, § 2; Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 31. ME. <span class='it'>jape</span>, vb. (Chaucer, Leg. G. W.
1699; sb. C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4201). Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>gap</span>, ‘plaisanterie, raillerie’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jar,</span></span> to grate; hence, to quarrel, dispute; ‘We will not jar’, Marlowe,
Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Barabas); <span class='it'>jarre</span>, Gascoigne, Works, i. 105; l. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jar,</span></span> a grating noise; the tick of a clock; also, a quarrel, dispute; ‘A
jar of the clock’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 43; ‘fallen at jars’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 253.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='jarkman'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jarkman,</span></span> an educated beggar. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii.
1.4; ‘A Ia[r]ckeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake
latin; he vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and
sets to Seales, in their language called Iarkes’, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 5.
Spelt <span class='it'>Jackman</span>, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (first stage direction).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jasp,</span></span> a jasper. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 11. ME. <span class='it'>jasp</span> (Wyclif,
Isaiah liv. 12), OF. <span class='it'>jaspe</span>. L. <span class='it'>iaspis</span>. Gk. ἴασπις.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaum,</span></span> to ‘jam’, press, squeeze; to be hard upon, to jeer at. Heywood,
Witches of Lancs., A. i (near the end); vol. iv, p. 186. In prov. use in
Yorks. and Lincoln, meaning ‘to squeeze’; see EDD. (s.v. Jam).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='jaunce'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaunce,</span></span> to stir a horse, to make him prance, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Richard II, v. 5.
94; a weary journey, Rom. and Jul. ii. 5. 53; <span class='it'>geances</span>, troublesome journeys,
B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). ‘Jaunce’ is in use in Sussex
for a weary or tiring journey, see EDD. (s.v. Jance). F. <span class='it'>jancer un cheval</span>,
‘to stirre a horse in the stable till he sweat with-all, or as our <span class='it'>jaunt</span>’
(Cotgr.). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaunt;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#jant1'>jant</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaunts</span></span> (?); ‘You lead me fair jaunts, sir’, Middleton, Mich. Term,
iii. 5 (Shortyard). Perhaps the same word as <span class='it'>jaunce</span>, taken as a plural;
from <span class='it'>jaunts</span> thus evolved would come our <span class='it'>jaunt</span>. If this explanation be
correct, Middleton’s word would mean ‘troublesome journeys’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>javel,</span></span> a low fellow; ‘He called the fellow ribbalde, villaine, javel’,
Robynson, tr. More’s Utopia, 46; Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 309; Appius
and Virginia, Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 150; <span class='it'>javill</span>, Roper’s Life of Sir Thos. More
(in Robynson’s Utopia, p. lv). ME. <span class='it'>javel</span>, ‘joppus, joppa’ (Prompt. EETS.,
see note, no. 1097).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jawme,</span></span> a ‘jamb’, side post of a door-way. Spelt <span class='it'>jame</span>, Golding, Metam.
xii. 281; fol. 146, bk. (1603); <span class='it'>jawme</span>, id. (1593). ‘Jawm’ (‘Jaum’) is
still the prov. form in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Jamb). F. <span class='it'>jambe</span>,
‘the leg, the jaumbe or side-post of a door’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jawn,</span></span> a chine, fissure, chasm. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#chawne'>chawne</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jerk,</span></span> to scourge, whip, lash; ‘<span class='it'>Fouetter</span>, to scourge, yerke, or jerke’,
Cotgrave; a sharp stroke with a whip, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass,
i. 4 (Satire). Hence <span class='it'>jerker</span>, one who lashes severely; Beaumont and Fl.,
Wit without Money, iv. 3. 3. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yerk'>yerk</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jernie,</span></span> to utter a profane oath; ‘Although he jernie and blaspheme’,
Butler, On our Imitation of the French (near the end); Remains (ed.
1759, i. 84); see NED. F. <span class='it'>jerni</span> (<span class='it'>jarni</span>), for <span class='it'>jarnidieu</span>, i.e. <span class='it'>je renie Dieu</span>, I
renounce God. See Cotgrave (s.v. <span class='it'>Jarnigoy</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jert,</span></span> to use a whip. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, viii. 52. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jest,</span></span> a deed, action; ‘A worthy jest’, Wounds of Civil War, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, vii. 186; ‘in this jest’, in this action, Downfall of E. of
Huntingdon, i. 3 (Robin); in Hazlitt, viii. 114. See <a href='#gest2'><span class='bold'>gest</span>(<span class='bold'>e</span></a><span class='bold'>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jet,</span></span> to fling about the body, to strut about, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 36; ‘I
jette, <span class='it'>Je me jamboye</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Jet’ in this sense is a Warwicksh.
word, see EDD. (s.v. Jet, 4). F. <span class='it'>jetter</span> (<span class='it'>jecter</span>), to throw (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jet upon,</span></span> to encroach upon, Richard III, ii. 4. 51; Titus Andron. ii. 1. 64.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jetty,</span></span> to move about briskly. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jew’s ear,</span></span> an edible cup-shaped fungus, growing on roots and trunks
of trees, <span class='it'>Hirneola</span> or <span class='it'>Exidia Auricula-Judæ</span>. Heywood, Witches of Lancs, iii
(Joan), in Wks. iv. 207; ‘Jew’s eares .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. an excrescence about the roots
of Elder, and concerneth not the Nation of the Jews, but Judas Iscariot,
upon a conceit, he hanged on this tree’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors,
ii. 7. 8 (Pseud. Ep. ii. 6. 101, NED.). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jib-crack,</span></span> a ‘gimcrack’. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 7.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jiggumbob,</span></span> a trifle, toy, knick-knack, thing of slight value. <span class='it'>Jiggembobs</span>,
Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Fabricio); <span class='it'>jigambob</span>,
Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 14; <span class='it'>jiggumbobs</span>, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 108.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jigmaker,</span></span> a ballad-writer. Hamlet, iii. 2. 131. Dekker, Honest Wh.,
Pt. I, i. 1 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='jimmal-ring'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jimmal-ring,</span></span> a double ring (sometimes a treble ring), the rings being
linked by a hinge. The <span class='it'>jimmall-ring</span>, or True-love-knot, Herrick. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#gimmal'>gimmal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>job,</span></span> to stab slightly, to peck. Tusser, Husbandry, § 37. 12. In prov.
use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>jobbyn</span>: ‘byllen or iobbyn as bryddys,
iobbyn with the byl’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jobbernowl,</span></span> a jocular term for the head, usually connoting stupidity.
Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 815; Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii. 6. 200; a stupid
person, a blockhead, ‘<span class='it'>Teste de bœuf</span>, a joult-head, jobbernoll, cod’s-head,
logger-head, one whose wit is as little as his head is great’, Cotgrave. In
prov. use in both senses in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>job-nut,</span></span> the name of a childish game, in which hazel-nuts are perforated
and strung through, in order to be knocked against each other.
Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). See NED. (s.v. <span class='it'>Job</span>, sb. (3)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>John Dory.</span></span> The name of a popular song, ab. 1609; ‘I’ll have John
Dorrie! For to that warlike tune I will be open’d’, Fletcher, The Chances,
iii. 2 (Antonio). The legend is, that he was a commander of a French
privateer, who undertook to take English prisoners to Paris, but was
himself captured in the attempt; ‘Would I had gone to Paris with John
Dory’ (ironical), Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Humphrey).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jointer,</span></span> joint-possessor. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1366); scene 10. 8
(W.); p. 170, col. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jollyhead,</span></span> jollity, mirth. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 32.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jouissance,</span></span> pleasure, merriment, mirth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 25;
Nov., 2. F. <span class='it'>jouissance</span>, an enjoying (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>journall,</span></span> daily. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 31; Cymb. iv. 2. 10. F. <span class='it'>journal</span>,
‘journal, daily’ (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>diurnalis</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jovy,</span></span> ‘jovial’, merry. Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii 1
(Mirabel); B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 3 (Kastril).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jowl, joll,</span></span> to strike, knock, esp. the head. As You Like It, i. 3. 59;
Hamlet, v. 1. 84; ‘<span class='it'>I jolle</span> one aboute the eares’, Palsgrave. Beaumont
and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. In prov. use in many parts of England from
Lakeland to E. Anglia (EDD.). Deriv. of ME. ‘<span class='it'>jolle</span> or heed, <span class='it'>caput</span>’
(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1112).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>judge,</span></span> the name of the rook or castle in the game of chess. Only in
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20. Fitzherbert’s rendering of <span class='it'>justitiarius</span>,
the name applied to the rook in a Latin treatise on chess (<span class='it'>c.</span> 1400 <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span>).
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>judgement,</span></span> a competent critic, a judge. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 208;
Dryden, Prol. to Secret Love, 45; Epil. to Evening Love, 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jug,</span></span> a familiar substitution for the female name of Joan; ‘<span class='it'>Clown</span> [to <span class='it'>Joan</span>],
Bring him away, <span class='it'>Jug</span>! Enter <span class='it'>Joan</span>, with a fish’, Rowley, A Woman never
vext, i. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 115. In Espinasse’s Lancashire Worthies
Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is familiarly called ‘Jugg’.
See Bardsley’s English Surnames, p. 49 (note). This familiar name was
applied to a homely woman, a maid-servant, the sweetheart of a peasant,
King Lear, i. 4. 247; ‘A soldier and his jug’, A Knack to know a Knave
(Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511); Preston, K. Cambises (Davies, Gl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jugal,</span></span> conjugal, matrimonial; ‘The jugal knot’, Middleton, A Fair
Quarrel, ii. 2 (Jane). Cp. L. <span class='it'>vinclum jugale</span> (Virgil).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>julio,</span></span> an Italian coin worth about sixpence. Webster, White Devil
(Monticelso), ed. Dyce, p. 23; Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Frapolo). Ital.
<span class='it'>giulio</span>, named after Pope Julius II (1503-13); a coin by Julius the Pope
worth sixpence sterling (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jument,</span></span> a beast; properly a beast of burden. Cartwright, The
Ordinary, ii. 1 (Slicer). OF. <span class='it'>jument</span>, a beast of burden; a mare (Cotgr.).
L. <span class='it'>jumentum</span>, a yoke-beast.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jump,</span></span> a kind of short coat for men; ‘Your velvet jumps’, Wycherley,
Gent. Dancing-master, Epilogue, 33. In prov. use in various parts of
England meaning a loose jacket, a child’s frock, also, a kind of stays, open
in front (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jump,</span></span> to hazard, risk, Macbeth, i. 7. 7; Cymbeline, v. 4. 187; hence
<span class='it'>jump</span>, hazard, venture, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jump with,</span></span> to agree, tally, coincide with, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 32;
Taming Shrew, i. 1. 194; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 78; hence, <span class='it'>jump</span>, exactly,
precisely, Hamlet, i. 1. 65; Othello, ii. 3. 392. In prov. use both as vb.
and adv. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>juppon,</span></span> a close-fitting doublet worn under a hauberk. Dryden,
Palamon, iii. 28. F. <span class='it'>jupon</span>, a short cassock (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>justle,</span></span> to ‘jostle’. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 129.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jut, jutt,</span></span> to jolt, bump, knock, push. Earle, Microcosmographie,
no. 39, Plausible Man; <span class='it'>jutte</span>, a bump, push, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 8.
In use in Yorks, Notts, and Linc. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jutty,</span></span> to project beyond, to overhang. Hen. V, iii. 1. 13; ‘Let their
eie-browes juttie over’, Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12 a (Appendix, D. 138);
ed. Schick, p. 121; the projecting part of a wall or building, Macbeth, i.
6. 6. Compare the Glouc. word ‘jetty’, to protrude (EDD.).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='K'>K</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ka'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ka,</span></span> for <span class='it'>quo’</span> (<span class='it'>quoth</span>, <span class='it'>quotha</span>); ‘Enamoured ka? mary sir say that againe’,
Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek); Peele, Old Wives Tale (ed. Dyce,
455); Penry, Mar-Prelate’s Epitome, 21 (EDD.). In prov. use in Durham,
Cumberland, Suffolk (EDD.). Also, <span class='it'>ko</span>, ‘I feare him not, Ko she’, Roister
Doister, iii. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kaa me, kaa thee,</span></span> i.e. do me a good turn, and I will do thee the
same. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 3) (Quicksilver); Massinger, City Madam,
ii. 1 (Goldwire). So in Scotland they say ‘Kae me and I’ll kae thee’, in
Northumberland ‘Kaa me, kaa thee’, or, ‘Kaa mee an aa’ll kaa thee’;
‘Ka me and I’ll ka thee, <span class='it'>Serva me, servabo te</span>’, Coles, Dict. (1679). See Nares.
Cp. the phr. ‘Claw me, claw thee’ used in the same sense.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kad,</span></span> to caw. Chapman, All Fools, iii. 1 (Valerio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kails, keils,</span></span> nine-pins; ‘A game called nine-pins, or keils’, B. Jonson,
Chloridia (Antimasque). Du. <span class='it'>kegel</span>, a pin, kail.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='kam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kam,</span></span> crooked, awry. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 304. Welsh <span class='it'>cam</span>, crooked; Irish
<span class='it'>cam</span> (Dinneen). See <span class='bold'><a href='#kim-kam'>kim-kam</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>karl hemp,</span></span> the male hemp. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 24; also called
<span class='it'>churl hemp</span>, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 146. 28. See <span class='bold'><a href='#carl1'>carl</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='karne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>karne,</span></span> a ‘kern’, a foot-soldier. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 8.
Irish <span class='it'>ceatharnach</span>, a foot-soldier, deriv. of <span class='it'>ceatharn</span>, a band of fighting men
(Dinneen). See <span class='bold'><a href='#keteryng'>keteryng</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>katexoken,</span></span> for <span class='it'>kat’exochēn</span>, super-eminently. Massinger, Guardian,
iii. 1. 7. Gk. κατ’ ἐξοχήν, by way of eminence.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='keak'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keak, keke,</span></span> to cackle as a goose; ‘The silver Gander keaking cried’,
Phaer, Aeneid viii, 655; ‘Theves .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. had stolne Jupiter, had a gouse not
a kekede’, Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 130). Cp. <span class='it'>Kek, kek!</span>, the cry of
the goose and duck, in Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 499.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kecksies,</span></span> hemlocks, ‘kexes’. Hen. V, v. 2. 52 (printed <span class='it'>kecksyes</span>). See
Dict. (s.v. Kex).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='keech'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keech,</span></span> a lump of congealed fat. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55. In <span class='it'>fig.</span> use, ‘I
wonder that such a Keech can .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Take up the Rayes o’ th’ beneficiall
Sun’, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55; ‘Did not goodwife Keech the Butcher’s wife
come in?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101. ‘Keech’ for a lump of chandler’s fat
is in common prov. use in Warwickshire, the west Midlands, and Somerset
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keel,</span></span> to cool, to cool by skimming or otherwise. L. L. L. v. 2. 930;
spelt <span class='it'>kele</span>, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246, back; <span class='it'>keele</span>, Palsgrave. In prov.
use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Keel, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).
ME. <span class='it'>kelyn</span>, to make cold, to wax cold (Prompt. EETS. 252, see note, no. 1184);
OE. <span class='it'>cēlan</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>cōl</span>, cool.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keep cut;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#cut3'>cut</a></span> (3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keep,</span></span> heed, care. Phr. <span class='it'>take thou no keep</span>, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv;
Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 85; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 40. ME. <span class='it'>tak keep</span>, take heed
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 431).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keight,</span></span> caught. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 30; v. 6. 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keiser,</span></span> emperor. Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 1 (Memnon); <span class='it'>kesar</span>, Spenser,
Tears of the Muses, 570; <span class='it'>keysar</span>, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 498.
Du. <span class='it'>keyser</span> (Hexham); cp. G. <span class='it'>Kaiser</span>; L. <span class='it'>Caesar</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#keak'>keak</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kell,</span></span> the fatty membrane investing the intestines, the caul. Beaumont
and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 35; a cocoon, an enveloping web, B. Jonson, Sad
Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); Drayton, Pol. iii. 120; the film formed by gossamer-threads
on the grass, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 54; Turbervile
Hunting, 76. Cp. ‘kell’ in prov. use, meaning the caul, a cap of network,
a film on the eye, &amp;c. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>kelle</span>, ‘reticulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 246,
see note, no. 1149).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='kell2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kell,</span></span> a kiln. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 51. A Suffolk form, see EDD.
(s.v. Kiln, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#kill'>kill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kemb,</span></span> to comb. B. Jonson, Catiline, Act i, chorus, 31; Marlowe, tr. of
Ovid’s Elegies, i. 7 (last line). In prov. use in Scotland, and in Yorks. and
Lanc. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>kembe</span>, to comb (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2142); OE. <span class='it'>cemban</span>;
<span class='it'>camb</span>, a comb.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kemlin,</span></span> a large tub used in bread-making, salting meat, &amp;c. Coles,
Dict. (s.v. Kimnel); <span class='it'>kemelin</span>, Levins, Manip. A north-country word
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>kymlyn</span>, ‘or kelare’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, <span class='it'>kemelyn</span> (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3548). See <span class='bold'><a href='#kimnel'>kimnel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kempe, kemp,</span></span> a warrior, champion. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 31;
bk. vii, c. 8. OE. <span class='it'>cempa</span>; Med. L. <span class='it'>campio</span> (Ducange), from <span class='it'>campus</span>, field of
battle; ME. <span class='it'>kemp</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, a warrior, soldier (Wars Alex. 2216, 5499); OE.
<span class='it'>cempa</span>, ‘miles’ (Matt. viii. 9, Rushworth MS.). See Schade (s.v. Camphjo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ken,</span></span> a house (Cant); ‘A boor’s ken’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1
(Ferret). Hence also <span class='it'>libkin</span> or <span class='it'>lib ken</span>, <span class='it'>stalling ken</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bouzing-ken'>bouzing-ken</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ken</span>(<span class='bold'>n,</span></span> to discern. Milton, P. L. i. 59; v. 265; xi. 396; 2 Hen. VI,
iii. 2. 101; range of vision, P. L. xi. 379; power or exercise of vision,
Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 111; hence, <span class='it'>kenning</span>, range of sight, the
distance visible at sea, Chapman, Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius);
Kyd, Soliman, v. 2. 69.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kennet,</span></span> a small dog for hunting. Pl. <span class='it'>kenettys</span>, Boke of St. Albans, fol.
F iv, back; <span class='it'>kennets</span>, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretts; the whole
passage is copied from the former). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>kenette</span> (Bozon), dimin. of
<span class='it'>kien</span> (= F. <span class='it'>chien</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Kent:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>Kent or Christendom</span>. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Turfe);
‘Sith the Saxon King, Never was Woolfe seene, many nor some, Nor in all
Kent, nor in Christendome’ (i.e. nowhere), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 153;
the Glosse has: ‘It was wont to be an olde proverbe and common phrase.
The original whereof was, for that most part of England in the reigne of
King Ethelbert was christened, Kent onely except, which remayned long
after in mysbeliefe and unchristened: so that Kent was counted no part
of Christendome.’ Ray in his English Proverbs accepts this explanation
(ed. Bohn, p. 206). According to Fuller’s opinion, ‘Neither in Kent nor
Christendom’ meant, neither in Kent, which was first converted to
Christendom, nor in any other part of our English Christendom (i.e.
nowhere in England). Also, <span class='it'>in Kent and Christendom</span> (i.e. everywhere);
‘I am here in Kent and Christendom, Among the Muses, where I read and
rhyme’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 218).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Kentish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Kentish long-tails,</span></span> a nickname applied to the natives of Kent.
Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 207). The story of the origin of the
nickname is told by Fuller in his Worthies, Kent, under <span class='it'>Kentish Long-tailes</span>.
See NED. (s.v. Long-tail, 2). Not only Kentish men but Englishmen in
general were called ‘<span class='it'>caudati</span> per contumeliam’ by their French neighbours,
see Ducange (s.v. Caudatus); cp. ‘ces Engloys <span class='it'>couez</span>’ (Chans. Norm.) in
Moisy (s.v. Cue, p. 250).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kersen;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cursen'>cursen</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kerve,</span></span> to carve as a sculptor; ‘Enstructed in painting or kervinge’,
Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 1. ME. <span class='it'>kerve</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr.
ii. 325). OE. <span class='it'>ceorfan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kest,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> cast. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 15; Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 45;
plotted, considered, id. i. 30. In gen. prov. use in the north country,
see EDD. (s.v. Cast, 2 (7)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='keteryng'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keteryng,</span></span> a ‘cateran’, a Highland or Irish marauder; ‘A Scottishe
keteryng’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 75; l. 218; ‘Irish keterynges’, ib., Against
the Scottes, 83. See NED. (s.v. Cateran). See <span class='bold'><a href='#karne'>karne</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ketler,</span></span> an inexperienced gamester, a novice at gambling; Bunglers
and ketlers’ [at gambling], Middleton, Black Book (ed. Dyce, v.
543).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ketling,</span></span> inexperienced; ‘Like an old cunning bowler to fetch in
a young <span class='it'>ketling</span> gamester’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce,
v. 589). See NED. (s.v. Kitling, B).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>key,</span></span> a quay. Dryden, Annus Mirab. st. 231; Middleton, Women
beware, i. 3. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kibbo,</span></span> a cudgel. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii. 1 (Scapin, in a Lancs.
dialect). In Ray (ed. 1691. MS. Add.) ‘kibbo’ is given as a Cheshire word
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kid,</span></span> a faggot, small bundle of sticks; ‘Kydde, a fagotte’, Palsgrave;
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 29. In prov. use in various parts of England
from the north country to Essex, see EDD. (s.v. Kid, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>kydd</span>,
‘fascis’ (Prompt. EETS. 247).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kid,</span></span> a roebuck in its first year. Spelt <span class='it'>kyde</span>, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4;
Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='kid3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kid,</span></span> notorious; ‘The colonel was a cuckold, or a kid pirate’, Farquhar,
Sir Harry Wildair, i. 1 (Fireball). ME. <span class='it'>kid</span>, renowned, famous, illustrious
(Wars Alex., see Gl. Index); <span class='it'>kyd</span>, known (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1943), pp. of
<span class='it'>kythe</span>, to make known (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 748). OE. <span class='it'>cȳðan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kie, kye,</span></span> cows. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Lorel). In gen. prov.
use in the north for the plural of ‘cow’ (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>cȳ</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>cū</span>,
cow.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kiff,</span></span> for <span class='it'>kith</span>, relationship, standing in relationship, Middleton, A Chaste
Maid, iv. 1 (Tim); Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 30.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='kill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kill,</span></span> a kiln. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Jer. xliii. 9; Nahum, iii. 14 (ed. 1611). A common
prov. form in many parts of England—the north country, Essex, and
Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Hence <span class='it'>kill-hole</span>, Merry Wives, iv. 2. 59
(ed. 1623). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#kell2'>kell</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kill-cow,</span></span> a murderous fellow, butcher; a great fighter. Fletcher,
Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); perhaps with reference to the story of
Guy of Warwick. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kimbo,</span></span> resembling arms set a-kimbo, Dryden, tr. of Virgil; Pastorals,
iii. 67; <span class='it'>on kimbow</span>, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Novel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='kim-kam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kim-kam,</span></span> crooked, perverse. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 44.
Cp. the Shropshire saying, ‘Let’s a none o’ your kim-kam ways’ (EDD.).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#kam'>kam</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='kimnel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kimnel,</span></span> a tub used for brewing, kneading, or salting meat. Beaumont
and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Alexander); ‘A <span class='it'>kimnel</span>, cadus salsamentarius’,
Coles, Dict., 1679; ‘kymnell, <span class='it'>quevette</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>kymnelle</span>, ‘amula’
(Cath. Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kinchin mort,</span></span> a very young female child (Cant). Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). <span class='it'>Kinchin</span> is perhaps a corrupt form of G. <span class='it'>kindchen</span>,
little child. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mort2'>mort</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kinderkind,</span></span> kilderkin, small barrel. Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 383).
Du. <span class='it'>kindekin</span>, ‘the eighth part of a vat’ (Kilian). See NED. (s.v. Kilderkin),
and Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kindle,</span></span> to give birth to young, bring forth. As You Like It, iii. 2. 358;
‘I kyndyll, as a she-hare or cony dothe’, Palsgrave. Very common in
prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>hyndlyn</span>, or brynge forthe yonge kyndelyngys,
‘feto’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kindless,</span></span> unnatural. Hamlet, ii. 2. 609; Poole, David (ed. Dyce, p. 466).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Kirsome,</span></span> Christian; ‘As I’m true Kirsome woman’, Beaumont and
Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7. 5. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cursen'>cursen</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kite,</span></span> a term of detestation. Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. 16;
iii. 4. 16; Hen. V, ii. 1. 80; King Lear, i. 4. 284; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 89;
Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 83).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kiss the post,</span></span> to be shut out of a house in consequence of arriving too
late (there being nothing else to kiss but the doorpost); ‘Make haste, thou
art best, for fear thou kiss the post’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i,
p. 47.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kix,</span></span> a ‘kex’, dried-up stalk; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb,
i. 2 (Mercury).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knacker,</span></span> a harness-maker. Tusser, Husbandry, § 58. 5. In Lancashire
<span class='it'>knacker</span> is a term for a tanner (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knap,</span></span> a knave, a rogue. Spelt <span class='it'>knappe</span>, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Dulipo);
Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80. ‘A regular knap’, ‘a deead knap’ are
Yorkshire expressions for a cunning knave, see EDD. (s.v. Knap, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knap,</span></span> a small hill, a mound, knoll. Bacon, Essay 45; a hill-top, Golding,
Metam. xi. 339 (L. ‘vertice’). In prov. use in Scotland, and in various
parts of England (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>cnæpp</span>, top, hill-top (Luke iv. 29).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knap,</span></span> to knock, rap, strike smartly; to sound or toll a bell. Udall,
Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80; also, to knock together, Bacon, Sylva, § 133.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knare, knar,</span></span> a knot or protuberance on a tree; ‘Woods with knots
and knares deformed’, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 536; spelt <span class='it'>gnarre</span>, Cockeram’s
Dict. (1623). See EDD. (s.v. Gnarr, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>knarry</span>, gnarled
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1977). Low G. <span class='it'>knarre</span>; Du. <span class='it'>knar</span>; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kned,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> kneaded. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (Savourwit).
In prov. use in the north, and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Knead, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knee-timber,</span></span> crooked timber, used in shipbuilding. Bacon, Essay 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='knight'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knight of the post,</span></span> a notorious perjurer; one who gets his living
by giving false evidence. Brome, Joviall Crew (Works, 1873, iii. 366);
Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 10. 37; Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1
(Courtine). [Cp. Pope, Prologue to the Satires of Horace, 365, ‘Knight of
the post corrupt, or of the Shire.’] See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Knight’s Ward,</span></span> one of the four prison-divisions or ‘sides’. There were
usually but three such divisions, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward,
and the Hole; See <span class='bold'><a href='#counter3'>counter</a></span> (3). When there were four, the Knight’s Ward
came second. In Eastward Ho, v. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 2), Wolf says ‘the knight will
i’ the Knight’s Ward’, meaning that he was too humble to go into the
Master’s side. Also <span class='it'>Knight-side</span>, ‘Neither lie on the Knight-side, nor in
the Twopenny Ward’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). And see Westward
Ho, iii. 2 (Monopoly).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knill, knyll,</span></span> to sound as a bell, ring. Morte Arthur, leaf 428*, back,
6; bk. xxi, c. 10; OE. <span class='it'>cnyllan</span>, to strike, ring a bell (B. T. Suppl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knitting-cup,</span></span> a cup of wine drunk by the company immediately after
a wedding. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1 (Compass).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knokylbonyarde,</span></span> a contemptible fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence,
485. Dyce’s note gives two other examples. Deriv. of <span class='it'>knucklebone</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knot,</span></span> a flower-bed. Lyly, Euphues, p. 37; Campaspe, iii. 4 (Apelles);
Tusser. Husb. § 22. 22. In prov. use in Somerset, Dorset, and Devon, also
in the west Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.<sup>1</sup> 13).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knot,</span></span> the red-breasted sandpiper; ‘The knot that called was Canutus’
bird of old’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 341; ‘Knotts, i, <span class='it'>Canuti aves</span>, ut opinor’,
Camden, Brit. (ed. 1607, 408). Dan. <span class='it'>knot</span>, sandpiper (Larsen). In the north
of Ireland the name for the ringed plover, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knot-grass,</span></span> a plant with small pale-pink flowers, <span class='it'>Polygonum aviculare</span>.
An infusion of it was supposed to stunt one’s growth. Mids. Night’s D.
iii. 2. 329; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knowledge,</span></span> to acknowledge; ‘I knowlege my folly’, Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. i, c. 12, § 3; ‘My flight from prison I knowledge’, Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, ii. 150.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knub,</span></span> a small bump. Golding, Metam. viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603);
‘knubbe, <span class='it'>callum</span>’, Levins, Manip. Low G. <span class='it'>knubbe</span>, a knob, lump; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knurre,</span></span> a round knotty projection on a tree; ‘A knurre, <span class='it'>bruscum,
gibbus</span>’, Levins, Manip.; hence, <span class='it'>knurred</span> (<span class='it'>knurd</span>), knotted, rugged, Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, i. 302. ‘Knurr’ is in common prov. use in the north
country (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ko;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ka'>ka</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>korke,</span></span> to adorn, render illustrious; ‘Duke Lionell, that all this lyne
[family of the White Rose] doth korke’, Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 6.
From <span class='it'>corke</span>, the name of a purple dye, mentioned in Statutes of the Realm,
Act 1 Richard III. c. 8, § 3, as a dye-stuff; see NED. (s.v. Cork, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kost,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> kissed. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 256. Cp. OE. <span class='it'>coss</span>, a kiss.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='kreking'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kreking,</span></span> early dawn; ‘In the first krekyng of the day’ (F. <span class='it'>au point du
jour</span>), Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 18. 1. Du. ‘<span class='it'>het kriecken ofte aenbreken van
den dagh</span>, the creeke or the breaking of the day’ (Hexham). Cp. the Scottish
phrase ‘creek of day’, day-break (EDD.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>crique du jour</span>
(Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kursin,</span></span> to christen. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 2. ‘Kursin’,’Kirsen’
are common forms of ‘christen’ in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Christen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kydst,</span></span> in Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 92, written incorrectly in the sense
of ‘knewest’. ME. <span class='it'>kithen</span> (pt. s. <span class='it'>kidde</span>), means ‘to make known’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#kid3'>kid</a></span>
(notorious).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kyrie,</span></span> short for ‘kyrie eleison’ (κύριε ἐλέησον), <span class='it'>Lord, have mercy upon us</span>;
the earliest and simplest form of Litany. Used humorously for a scolding,
causing an outcry; ‘But he should have such a kyrie ere he went to
bed’, Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 138; ‘This kyrie sad solfing’
(translating <span class='it'>Talia iactanti</span>, Aeneid i, 102), Stanyhurst (ed. Arber, p. 21);
<span class='it'>kyry</span>, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 755.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kyrsin,</span></span> Christian. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii (Clay). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cursen'>cursen</a>.</span></p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='L'>L</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><a id='laced'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laced mutton,</span></span> a strumpet. Two Gent. i. 1. 102; B. Jonson, Neptune’s
Triumph (Boy). See NED. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mutton'>mutton</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lachesse,</span></span> negligence. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 74, back, 18. ME.
<span class='it'>lachesse</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 720), OF. <span class='it'>lachesse</span>, <span class='it'>laschesse</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>lasche</span>, slack.
L. <span class='it'>laxus</span>, lax.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lack,</span></span> to want. <span class='it'>What do y’ lack?</span> what will you buy; the constant cry
of the shopkeepers. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, Induction, l. 1; Barth.
Fair, ii. 1 (Leatherhead).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lackey,</span></span> to accompany, like a lackey or foot-boy. Massinger, Virgin
Martyr, i. 1 (Harpax). Used <span class='it'>fig.</span> ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey her’,
Milton, Comus, 455. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lad,</span></span> led; <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> of <span class='it'>lead</span>. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 4; iv. 8. 2. A Lanc. form,
see EDD. (s.v. Lead, 1 (1)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ladron,</span></span> a thief, robber. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro). Span.
<span class='it'>ladron</span>, a thief; L. <span class='it'>latro</span>, a robber.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lady,</span></span> the calcareous substance in the stomach of a lobster, serving for
the trituration of its food; fancifully supposed to resemble the outline of
a seated female figure; ‘What lady? the lady in the lobster?’ Shirley,
Witty Fair One, iii. 4 (Aimwell).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lady of the Lake,</span></span> a personage in Arthurian romance; hence, a
fairy, nymph; ‘This bevie of Ladies bright .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. all Ladyes of the lake
behight’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 120. Humorously, a woman of
light behaviour. Massinger, New Way to Pay, ii. 1 (Marrall).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lag,</span></span> slow, tardy, habitually late. Richard III, ii. 1. 91; a laggard,
Dryden, To Mr. Lee, 43; <span class='it'>lag-end</span>, latter part, fag-end, 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 24.
See EDD. (s.v. Lag, adj., 1).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>lag-goose,</span> a personification of laziness, Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 4.
In Norfolk ‘lag-goose’ is in prov. use for the wild grey goose, see EDD.
(s.v. Lag, sb.<sup>9</sup>).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lag:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>lag of duds</span>, ‘buck’ or ‘wash’ of clothes, Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, v. 1 (Higgen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lag,</span></span> to carry off, to steal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laire;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leer1'>leer</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lam,</span></span> to beat soundly, to thrash, flog. <span class='it'>Lamming</span>, a thrashing, Beaumont
and Fl., King and no King, v. 3 (Bacurius); Honest Man’s Fortune,
v. 2 (Laverdine); ‘<span class='it'>Gaulée</span>, a cudgelling, basting, lamming’, Cotgrave;
<span class='it'>lambed</span>, pp. beaten, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (Firk). In gen.
prov. and colloq. use (EDD.). Cp. Icel. <span class='it'>lemja</span> (pret. <span class='it'>lamði</span>), lit. to lame.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lamback,</span></span> to beat severely. Rare Triumphs of Love, iv. 1 (Lentulo),
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 204; Munday, Death E. Huntington, v. 1 (Brand),
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 305.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lamia,</span></span> a fabulous monster supposed to have the body of a woman, and
to suck the blood of children. Burton, Anat. Mel. iii. 2; a witch,
sorceress, ‘Where’s the lamia That tears my entrails?’, Massinger, Virgin
Martyr, iv. 1. L. <span class='it'>lamia</span>, a witch supposed to suck children’s blood. In
the Vulgate, Isaiah xxxiv. 14, the Heb. <span class='it'>Lîlîth</span>, ‘the night-hag’, is rendered
<span class='it'>lamia</span>. Gk. Λάμια, a fabulous monster.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lampas,</span></span> a disease incident to horses, consisting in a swelling of the
fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth behind the front teeth. Described
in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 81; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 52. F. <span class='it'>lampas</span>
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lamping,</span></span> shining brightly. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 1. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>lampante</span>,
bright, shining (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lance-knight,</span></span> a mercenary foot-soldier, esp. one armed with a lance
or pike. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., ii. 4 (Brainworm). Palsgrave
has: ‘<span class='it'>Lansknyght</span>, lancequenet.’ G. <span class='it'>lanz-knecht</span>, lance-knight, a perverted
form of <span class='it'>lands-knecht</span> = land’s knight (see Weigand, s.v. Land). See Dict.
(s.v. Lansquenet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lancepesade,</span></span> a non-commissioned officer of the lowest grade, a lance-corporal.
Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1; <span class='it'>lance-presade</span>, Cleaveland,
Poems (Nares); <span class='it'>lanceprisado</span>, Fletcher, Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell). The term
was orig. applied to a trooper who having broken his lance (<span class='it'>lancia spezzata</span>)
on the enemy was entertained as a volunteer assistant to a captain of
foot, receiving his pay as a trooper until he could remount himself
(Grose). See Estienne, Précellence (ed. 1896, p. 353) for account of
<span class='it'>Lance-spessade</span>. See Stanford, and Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lanch, launch,</span></span> to cut, lance, pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 37; Heywood,
Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>lancher</span> (F. <span class='it'>lancier</span>). In
W. Somerset they will ask for ‘a lanch to lanch the cow’, see EDD. (s.v.
Lance, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). See Dict. (s.v. Launch).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>land-damn,</span></span> to rate severely (?). Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 143. The word
in Shakespeare is of doubtful authenticity. The alleged survival of the
word in dialects, with the sense ‘to abuse with rancour’, appears to
be imperfectly authenticated. For ingenious conjectures see Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>landlouper,</span></span> a runner about the land, a vagabond. Bacon, Henry VII,
p. 105; spelt <span class='it'>land-loper</span>; Howell, Forraine Travell, p. 67 (Arber). Du.
<span class='it'>landt-looper</span>, ‘a vagabond, or a rogue that runnes up and downe the
countrie’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>langdebiefe,</span></span> wild bugloss. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 16; <span class='it'>langdebeef</span>,
Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. v, c. 15. OF. <span class='it'>lange de beof</span>, ‘ox tunge’, ‘lingua bovis’,
‘buglossa’ (Alphita, 24).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>langer,</span></span> to loiter about; ‘Wandryng and langerynge’, Morte Arthur,
leaf 185. 20; bk. ix, c. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Linger).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>langued,</span></span> lit. tongued; in heraldry, represented with a tongue of
a specified tincture or colour. Butler, Hud. i. 2. 259. Cp. F. <span class='it'>langué</span>,
‘langued, a term of Blazon’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lannard,</span></span> a ‘lanner’, a species of falcon. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3
(Fernando); ‘Lanarde, a hauke, lanier’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in
Cornwall for the peregrine falcon (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Lanner).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lansket,</span></span> a shutter, a panel of a door, or a lattice; ‘I peep’d in At
a loose lansket’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6 (Jaques). Only found
here (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lantedo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lantedo, lanteero;</span></span> ‘Your lantedoes nor your lanteeroes’, Middleton,
Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). See <span class='bold'><a href='#adelantado'>adelantado</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lanterloo,</span></span> the old name of the card game now called <span class='it'>loo</span>. Etherege,
She Would if She Could, v. 1 (Sentry). Spelt <span class='it'>Lanterlu</span>, and used as a name,
Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 3 (near the end). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lap,</span></span> a cant term for non-intoxicating drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl,
v. 1 (Song); ‘<span class='it'>lap</span>, butter-milke or whey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lapise, lappise,</span></span> to yelp. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 76; id., c. 33,
p. 86; ‘lappyse or whymper’, id., c. 39, p. 108. F. <span class='it'>glappir</span>, <span class='it'>glappissement</span>,
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lapwing,</span></span> said to cry out at a distance from her nest, in order to draw
the searchers away from it. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 10 (Arruntius);
and see Massinger, Old Law, iv. 2 (Simonides); Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2
(Alexander). Very common.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lare,</span></span> a pasture. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 29. A pseudo-archaic use of <span class='it'>lair</span>,
the place where cattle lie, see EDD. (s.v. Lair, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2, § 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lare,</span></span> to fatten. So explained by Dyce, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose
Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lares,</span></span> the household gods in Roman religion. <span class='it'>Lars</span>, Milton, Christ’s
Nativity, Hymn, st. 21; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 2 (Lupus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lash:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in the lash</span>, in the lurch; ‘To run in the lash’, Tusser,
Husbandry, § 10. 15; ‘Leave in the lash’, id., § 63. 20; ‘lie in the lash’,
Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; ‘Gave age the
whippe, and left me in the lash’, Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, s. 14;
Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 446. See NED. (s.v. Lash, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lash,</span></span> to move violently; ‘Lashing up his heels’ [of a horse], Dryden,
tr. of Ovid, Met. xii. 472; ‘ ’Gainst a rock was lashed in pieces’, Congreve,
Mourning Bride, i. 1 (Almeria).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lash out,</span></span> to squander, waste. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 18; More,
Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 67).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>latch,</span></span> to catch. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 93; Macbeth, iv. 3. 195;
Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 36. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>lacchen</span>
(P. Plowman). OE. <span class='it'>læccan</span>, to seize, catch.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lato,</span></span> a mixed metal; ‘latten’. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly);
<span class='it'>laton</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 44, back, 25; bk. ii, c. 11. ME. <span class='it'>latoun</span> (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 699). Norm. F. <span class='it'>laton</span>, ‘laiton, alliage de cuivre et de zinc’ (Moisy),
Med. L. <span class='it'>lato</span> (Ducange). See Dict. (s.v. Latten).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>launce,</span></span> a balance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 4. L. <span class='it'>lanx</span>, a scale.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laund,</span></span> a ‘lawn’, a glade. 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 2; Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 69.
ME. <span class='it'>launde</span>, a grassy clearing, a glade surrounded by trees (Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1691). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>launde</span>, OF. <span class='it'>lande</span>; probably of Celtic origin, see
W. Stokes, Celtic Dict., p. 239.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>launder,</span></span> one who washes linen. Tusser, Husbandry, § 83. 2. Hence
<span class='it'>laundered</span> (landered), thoroughly washed, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 171. ME.
<span class='it'>lawndere</span> (Prompt. EETS. 257). See Dict. (s.v. Laundress).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laundring,</span></span> washing gold in aqua regia to extract metal from it.
B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lautitious,</span></span> sumptuous, excellent. Herrick, The Invitation, 3. L.
<span class='it'>lautitia</span>, magnificence.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lave1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lave,</span></span> used of ears: drooping, hanging down; ‘His lave eares’, Wily
Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 304; <span class='it'>lave-eared</span>, having long drooping
ears, Hall, Satires, ii. 29 (Nares); ‘Lave eared, plaudus’, Levins, Manip.
Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>lave eres</span> (Wars Alex. 4748).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lave,</span></span> to droop, said of ears, ‘His ears hang laving’, Hall, Sat. iv. 1. 72.
Icel. <span class='it'>lafa</span>, to droop.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lavender:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to lay in lavender</span>, to pawn; Coles, Dict., 1699; ‘Rather
than thou shouldst pawn a rag more, I’ll lay my ladyship in lavender, if
I knew where’, Eastward Ho, iv. 279 (Nares); <span class='it'>to lie in lavender</span>, to be in
pawn, ‘a black suit .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. now lies in lavender’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of
his Humour, iii. 3. In R. Brathwaite’s Strappado for the Devil is an
epigram, ‘Upon a Poet’s Palfrey lying in Lavender for the discharge of
his Provender’, p. 154 (Nares). <span class='it'>Lavendered</span>, pp. ‘Your lavendered robes’,
Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laver,</span></span> drooping, hanging down; ‘this laver lip’, Marston, Sat. v. 97.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#lave1'>lave</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lavolta,</span></span> the name of a lively dance, orig. for two people. Hen. V, iii.
3. 33. Ital. <span class='it'>la volta</span>, the turn, ‘a French dance so called’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lavoltetere,</span></span> one who dances (and teaches) the <span class='it'>lavolta</span>. Fletcher,
Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1 (Host).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>law, to give,</span></span> to allow so much start, about twelve-score yards, to a
hunted animal. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (near the end); Drayton,
Pol. xxiii. 337; ‘She shall have law’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii
(Shakstone); vol. iv, p. 199.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> law. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 42; esp. religious law, hence, a religion,
creed, a faith; ‘ ’Tis Churchmans laie and veritie To live in love and
charitie’, Peele, Chron. Edw. I, B 3 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>lay</span>, religion, faith
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 376). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>lei</span>, ‘loi, loi religieuse, religion’ (Chans.
Rol. 85).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> a ‘lea’, meadow. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 15; adj. fallow, unploughed,
‘Let .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. land lie lay till I return’, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage,
iii. 3 (Sanchio). ME. <span class='it'>lay</span>, ‘lond not tyllyd’ (Prompt. EETS.); <span class='it'>laie</span>,
fallow (Gamelyn, 161). See NED. (s.v. Lea, adj.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> a wager. 2 Hen. VI, v. 2. 27; Othello, ii. 3. 330; Cymb. i. 4. 159.
In prov. use in Yorks., Midlands, and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lay,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 20).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> to beset with traps; ‘All the country is laid for me’, 2 Hen. VI,
iv. 1. 4; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (near end); iv. 2 (Tim); A Trick
to Catch, i. 2. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lay5'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to lay in</span> (or <span class='it'>a</span>) <span class='it'>water</span>, to make nugatory, to bring to a
standstill, Lyly, Euphues, p. 34; Mydas, iv. 4 (Martius); Gosson, School
of Abuse, p. 21. See NED. (s.v. Lay, vb.<sup>1</sup> 25).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> to lie; ‘Nature will lay buried a great Time, and yet revive’,
Bacon, Essay 38. For exx. of this intrans. use see NED. (s.v. Lie, vb.<sup>1</sup> 43),
and EDD. (s.v. Lie, 16).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>layne,</span></span> to conceal. Morte Arthur, leaf 399, back, 13; bk. xx, c. 1. In
prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lane).
ME. <span class='it'>laynen</span>, to conceal (P. Plowman, C. iii. 18). Icel. <span class='it'>leyna</span>, cognate with
G. <span class='it'>leugnen</span>, to deny. See NED. (s.v. Lain).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='laystall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laystall,</span></span> a place where refuse is thrown aside. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 53;
<span class='it'>leystall</span>, Drayton, Moses, bk. i. 115. See Nares. A Kentish word, see
EDD. (s.v. Lay, vb. 2 (9a)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laystow,</span></span> a ‘laystall’. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 628; ‘In comparison
of this present, the ancient gardens were but dunghils and laistowes’,
Harrison, Desc. Engl., bk. ii, ch. 20 (ed. Furnivall, 325); ‘Smythfeelde
was .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. a layestowe of all order of fylth’, Fabyan Chron. vii. 226 (NED.).
A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, 2 (12)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>layte,</span></span> lightning. Morte Arthur, leaf 353, back, 30; bk. xvii, c. 11.
ME. <span class='it'>leit</span>, ‘fulgor’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxiv. 27). OE. <span class='it'>lēget</span>, also <span class='it'>līgyt</span> (Matt.
xxiv. 27).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laze,</span></span> to be lazy, to be listless. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Melpomene);
Never too Late (ed. Dyce, 301). In prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leach,</span></span> a dish consisting of sliced meat, eggs, fruit, and spices in jelly;
‘Leche made of flesshe, gelee’, Palsgrave; ‘Caudels, Iellies, leach’, Dekker,
If this be not a good Play (Shackle-soul), Works, iii. 285. F. <span class='it'>lèche</span>,
‘tranche très mince’ (Hatzfeld). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lead:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to lead apes in hell</span>, the fancied consequence of dying an old
maid, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 87); Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 34; Much
Ado, ii. 1. 42; ‘<span class='it'>Mammola</span>, an old wench .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. one that will lead apes in
Hell’, Florio.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lead,</span></span> a pot, cauldron, kettle. Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 14; ‘Brewyng
ledys’, pl., Bury Wills (ed. Camden Soc., p. 101). See EDD. (s.v. Lead,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 6 and 7). In Lanc. ‘lead’ is used for a dyeing-vat; in the north
country furnace-vessels, of whatever metal made, are so called, from
having been usually made of that metal.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leaden dart.</span></span> Cupid’s <span class='it'>leaden</span> dart caused dislike; his <span class='it'>golden</span> one incited
to love, Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, i. 1 (Antoninus); Roman Actor,
iii. 2 (Iphis). From Ovid, Met. i. 470.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leading-staff,</span></span> a staff or truncheon borne by a commanding officer.
Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Smuggler); i. 2 (Parly).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='leak'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leak,</span></span> leaky. Spelt <span class='it'>leke</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; <span class='it'>leake</span>, id., vi. 8. 24. OE.
<span class='it'>hlece</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='leally'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leally,</span></span> truly, verily. Spelt <span class='it'>lelely</span>, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 1
(Sylvia); loyally, ‘He sall leallie and trewlie use and exerce his office’,
Skene, Difficil Words (1681). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>leal</span>, loyal (Rough List), O. Prov.
<span class='it'>leal</span> (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lear;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#lere1'>lere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='leare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leare,</span></span> a cheek; <span class='it'>learys</span>, cheeks, Morte Arthur, leaf 186. 4; bk. ix,
ch. 21; spelt <span class='it'>lyers</span>, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 471. OE. <span class='it'>hlēor</span>, cheek, face.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#leer1'>leer</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lease,</span></span> a pasture. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 49; <span class='it'>lees</span>, Fitzherbert,
Husb., § 148. 18; ‘In pastures and leases’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i,
ch. 63 (The Place).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>leasues,</span> ‘leasowes’, pastures, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 103.
OE. <span class='it'>lǣs</span>, a pasture (dat. <span class='it'>lǣswe</span>). See EDD. (s.v. Leasowe).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lease;</span></span> <span class='it'>Lease-parol</span>, a lease by word of mouth, instead of in writing.
Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1298); p. 134, col. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lease, lese,</span></span> to lie, tell lies. A Knack to know a Knave (Honesty),
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511. ME. <span class='it'>lesen</span>, OE. <span class='it'>lēasian</span>, to tell lies; <span class='it'>lēas</span>, false.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='leasing'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leasing,</span></span> lying, falsehood, a lie. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Spenser, F. Q.
i. 6. 48; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ps. iv. 2; v. 6; <span class='it'>lesynge</span>, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xiv. 18. ME.
<span class='it'>leesyng</span> (Wyclif, Ps. v. 7). OE. <span class='it'>lēasung</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leathe-weake,</span></span> having the joints flexible, hence, pliant, soft. Ascham,
Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 129). A north-country word, written <span class='it'>leathwake</span>,
<span class='it'>lithwake</span>, <span class='it'>leathweak</span> (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>lithwayke</span>, ‘flexibilis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE.
<span class='it'>leoðuwāc</span>, <span class='it'>liðewāc</span> (BT.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leatica,</span></span> a red muscatel wine made in Tuscany. Dekker, Honest Wh.,
Pt. II, iv. 3 (1 Vintner). Ital. <span class='it'>liatico</span> (Florio); <span class='it'>aleatico</span>, an exquisite grape,
a wine made therefrom (Fanfani). See NED. (s.v. Liatico).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leave,</span></span> to levy, raise an army. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 31. F. <span class='it'>lever</span>, ‘to
raise, to levy’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leavy,</span></span> leafy, full of foliage. Much Ado, ii. 3. 75; Dryden, Flower and
Leaf, 316, 512.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leden, ledden,</span></span> language. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 19; Colin Clout, 744;
Drayton, Pol. xii. 303. ME. <span class='it'>leden</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 435); OE. <span class='it'>leden</span> (<span class='it'>lyden</span>),
language, prop. the Latin language, L. <span class='it'>Latinus</span>; cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>latin</span>, ‘langage’
(Levy), OF. <span class='it'>latin</span>, language, also, the warbling of birds (Bartsch, 581. 34);
Ital. <span class='it'>latino</span>, language (Dante).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ledger'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ledger,</span></span> resident; esp. in capacity of ambassador; ‘His Ambassadour
that was ledger at Rome’, Daus, tr. Sleidane, 113 (NED.); <span class='it'>lieger</span>, Webster,
White Devil (Francisco), ed. Dyce, 18; <span class='it'>legier</span>, resting in a place, Fairfax,
Tasso, i. 70. 15; <span class='it'>leiger</span>, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Littleworth).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#lieger'>lieger</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lee.</span></span> ‘His corps was carried downe along the Lee’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2.
19; ‘I looked .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. adowne the Lee’, Ruines of Time (Globe ed. 496).
Probably the reference is to the name of a river.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leefky,</span></span> for <span class='it'>leefkyn</span>, a bodice. <span class='it'>Leefekyes</span>, pl., Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber,
116). Du. <span class='it'>lijfken</span>: ‘<span class='it'>een vrouwen Lijfken</span>, A womans Bodies [bodice]’
(Hexham); dimin. of <span class='it'>lijf</span>, a body.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leefsom,</span></span> pleasant. Surrey, Complaint of absence, 23, in Tottel’s
Misc., p. 19. Cp. Scottish <span class='it'>leesome</span>, pleasant, loveable (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>lēofsum</span>
(Juliana, 17).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leek,</span></span> like. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); riming with <span class='it'>cheek</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='leer1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leer,</span></span> complexion. As You Like It, iv. 1. 67; Titus, iv. 2. 119; spelt
<span class='it'>laire</span>, Drayton, Harmony Church, Song Sol., ch. i, l. 12; <span class='it'>lere</span>, Skelton,
Phyllyp Sparowe, 1034; El. Rummyng, 12; <span class='it'>leyre</span>, Magnyfycence, 1573.
For the sense, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.<sup>3</sup> 3, and Lire, sb.<sup>3</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>hlēor</span>, face,
countenance. See <span class='bold'><a href='#leare'>leare</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leer,</span></span> tape. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 79). In Kentish glossaries, see
EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.<sup>2</sup>). See NED. (s.v. Lear, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leer,</span></span> empty. <span class='it'>A leer horse</span>, a horse without a rider (see Nares); <span class='it'>a leer
drunkard</span>, a drunkard void of self-control, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction;
New Inn, iv. 3 (Lovel). ME. <span class='it'>lere</span>, empty (Rob. Glouc., p. 81); see
Stratmann (s.v. lǣre). OE. <span class='it'>lǣre</span>; cp. G. <span class='it'>leer</span>. Very common in prov.
use, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, adj.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leer;</span></span> <span class='it'>Leer side</span>, in B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 2 (Turfe), and ii. 2, ‘Hat
turn’d up o’ the leer side.’ Supposed by Nares to be used for the left side.
Probably due to the form <span class='it'>leereboard</span> (for <span class='it'>lar-board</span>), see Hakluyt’s Voyages,
i. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leere,</span></span> lore. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lere1'>lere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leese,</span></span> to lose. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Kings xviii. 5 (ed. 1611); Shak., Sonnet 5;
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 4. ME. <span class='it'>lesen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1290);
OE. <span class='it'>lēosan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lefull'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lefull,</span></span> permissible. Tyndale, Matt. xii. 12; Ascham, Toxophilus, 45.
ME. <span class='it'>leveful</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 37); <span class='it'>leve</span>, permission (id., C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1637). See
NED. (s.v. Leeful).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leg:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to make a leg</span>, to make an obeisance by drawing one leg
backward. Tempest, ii. 2. 62; Merry Wives, v. 5. 58; ‘Give him a
plum, he makes his leg’, Selden, Table Talk (Thanksgiving). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legacy,</span></span> an embassy, message delivered by a legate. Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, vii. 349; ix. 220.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lege de moy,</span></span> supposed to be the name of a dance; ‘Parys of Troy
Daunced a Lege de moy’, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 953; El. Rummyng, 587.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legem pone,</span></span> a cant term for ready money; ‘There are so manie Danaes
now a dayes .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. If <span class='it'>legem pone</span> comes he is receav’d, When <span class='it'>Vix haud habeo</span> is
of hope bereav’d’, The Affectionate Shepheard (Halliwell); ‘They were
all at our service for the <span class='it'>legem pone</span>’, Ozell’s Rabelais, iv. 12; ‘Use <span class='it'>legem
pone</span> to pay at thy day, But use not <span class='it'>Oremus</span> for often delay’, Tusser,
Husbandry, 29. The origin of the use of this Latin phrase for money is
doubtless this: The first great pay-day of the year was March 25, on
which day of the month the <span class='it'>Legem pone</span> is the first portion of the 119th
Psalm read at Mattins, so that these words were easily associated with the
idea of payment and ready money. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leger,</span></span> light; ‘A hundred leger wafers’, The London Chanticleers,
scene 5 (Welcome). F. <span class='it'>léger</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legiaunce,</span></span> faithful service. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 142. OF. <span class='it'>ligeance</span>,
<span class='it'>legiance</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>lige</span>, <span class='it'>liege</span>, entitled to feudal service, also, bound to render
feudal service, see Didot (s.v. Lige, Ligence). Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>litge</span>, ‘liege’;
of Germanic origin, OHG. <span class='it'>ledig</span>, free; <span class='it'>legiaunce</span> was the feudal service of
a free man. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legier;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ledger'>ledger</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legier-booke,</span></span> a ‘ledger-book’, i.e. a book containing records, a cartulary,
register. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 51. See Dict. (s.v.
Ledger).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legierte,</span></span> lightness, agility. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 230. 20;
thoughtlessness, id., lf. 311, back, 23. F. <span class='it'>légèreté</span>, lightness.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leiger;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ledger'>ledger</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leak'>leak</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lelacke,</span></span> lilac. Bacon, Essay 46. Cp. the Lincoln pronunciation <span class='it'>lealock</span>,
see EDD. (s.v. Laylock).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lelely;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leally'>leally</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lembic'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lembic,</span></span> an ‘alembic’, B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); <span class='it'>limbeck</span>,
Macbeth, i. 7. 67.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leme,</span></span> a flame, light, ray, beam. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. i, c. 1,
§ 2; Calisto and Melibæa, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 64; <span class='it'>leames</span>, lights,
Sackville, Induction to Mirror, st. 9. A north-country word, see EDD.
(s.v. Leam, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>leme</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4120). OE. <span class='it'>lēoma</span>, light.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lemures,</span></span> in early Roman religion, the spirits of the departed. Milton,
Christ’s Nativity, Hymn, st. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>l’envoy,</span></span> the sending forth a poem, hence, the conclusion of a poetical
or prose composition; the author’s parting words; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a conclusion,
catastrophe, ‘Long since I look’d for this l’envoy’, Massinger, Bashful
Lover, iv. 1 (Martino); v. 1 (Alonzo). OF. <span class='it'>envoye</span> (F. <span class='it'>envoi</span>), a sending.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lere1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lere,</span></span> lore, teaching. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 261; Drayton, Pol. xxiv.
803; <span class='it'>leare</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iii, 11. 16; iv. 3. 40; <span class='it'>leares</span>, lessons, F. Q. iii.
7. 21; <span class='it'>leere</span>, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 5 (Sperantus). Also, the meaning,
sense (as of a Latin phrase), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Lawrence).
In prov. use in Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, sb.<sup>1</sup> 5).
ME. <span class='it'>lere</span> (Sir Gowther, 231); fr. <span class='it'>leren</span>, to teach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 441).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#leyre'>leyre</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lere;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leer1'>leer</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lerrepoop;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#liripoop'>liripoop</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lerrie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lerrie,</span></span> something said by rote, a set speech, ‘patter’; ‘Man can teach
us our lerrie’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Third Lady). In
Kent ‘lerry’ is the part which has to be learnt by a mummer (EDD.).
See NED. (s.v. Lurry).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lesses,</span></span> the dung of a ‘ravenous’ animal. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37;
p. 97; Maister of Game, c. 25. F. <span class='it'>laisses</span>, ‘the lesses (or dung) of a wild
Boar, Wolf, or Bear’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lest,</span></span> to listen. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 17. See EDD. (s.v. List, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lest;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#list'>list</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lesynge;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leasing'>leasing</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>let,</span></span> hindrance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 13; vi. 2. 17. ME. <span class='it'>lett</span> (Cursor M.
7395).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lethe,</span></span> a river in Hades, the water of which produced forgetfulness of
the past; ‘Lethe the River of Oblivion’, Milton, P. L. ii. 583; ‘Lethe
Wharfe’, Hamlet, i. 5. 33. Hence <span class='it'>Lethean</span>, ‘They ferry over this Lethean
Sound’, Milton, P. L. ii. 604 (cp. the ‘Lethaeus amnis’ of Virgil, Aeneid
vi. 705). Gk. λήθη, forgetfulness, oblivion; personified in Hesiod; no
river is called Λήθη by the ancient Greeks.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lethe,</span></span> Death, Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 206. Hence <span class='it'>Lethean</span>, deadly, mortal.
Blount, Glossogr., 1670. F. <span class='it'>Lethe</span>, ‘masc. Death; <span class='it'>Lethean</span>, deadly, mortal,
death-inflicting’ (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>letum</span> (on acc. of association with Gk. λήθη,
Lethe, sometimes printed <span class='it'>lethum</span>, an orthography which is not supported
by MSS. or Inscriptions), Death.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lettice,</span></span> a kind of whitish grey fur; ‘A robe of Scarlet .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. bordered
with Lettice’, Hall, Chron., 25 Hen. VIII (ed. 1809, 803); <span class='it'>a lettice cap</span>,
‘Bring in the Lettice cap .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. And then how suddenly we’ll make you
sleep’, Fletcher, M. Thomas, iii. 1. 9; id., Thierry and Theod. v. 2. 8.
F. <span class='it'>letice</span>, ‘a beast of a whitish gray colour’ (Cotgr.). OF. <span class='it'>letice</span>, <span class='it'>lettice</span>,
<span class='it'>lettiche</span>, ‘fourrure ou pelisse grise’ (Didot), see Ducange (s.v. Lactenus).
OHG. <span class='it'>illitiso</span>, the polecat (12th cent.), MHG. <span class='it'>iltis</span>, <span class='it'>iltisse</span>, see Weigand
and Kluge (s.v. Iltis). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lettuce,</span></span> in proverbial sayings: <span class='it'>Like lips, like lettuce</span>, i.e. things happen
to a man according to his deserts, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 318 (Orgalio,
p. 93, col. 1); <span class='it'>Like lettuce, like lips</span>, New Custom, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii.
23; <span class='it'>Such lips, such lettuce</span>, Heywood’s Proverbs, 80. Cp. the Latin Proverb,
‘Similes habent labra lactucas’, see Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn,
111). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>level-coil,</span></span> a rough game, in which each player is in turn driven from
his seat and supplanted by another, hence, riotous sport. B. Jonson,
Tale of a Tub, iii. 2 (Dame Turfe); ‘<span class='it'>Jouër à cul-leve</span>, to play at level-coyl’,
(Cotgrave). Also used as adv. for turn and turn about, alternately, ‘The
mother’s smile Brought forth the daughter’s blush, and levell coyle, They
smil’d and blusht’, Quarles, Argalus (ed. 1629, 18). F. <span class='it'>lève-cul</span>, see Littré
(s.v. Lever). See Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lever,</span></span> rather, more gladly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; <span class='it'>me lever were</span>, it
would be more agreeable to me, id., iii. 2. 6. In gen. prov. use in the
British Isles. ME. ‘me were lever’ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1034).
OE. <span class='it'>lēofre</span>, comp. of <span class='it'>lēof</span>, dear, ‘lief’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leveret,</span></span> a mistress, a courtesan. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1
(Malipiero); Gamester, i. 1; Honoria. i. 1 (Alamode). F. <span class='it'>levrette</span>, ‘A
Greyhound bitch, also, a most lascivious and incontinent wench’
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>levet,</span></span> a trumpet-call, to awaken soldiers, &amp;c., in a morning; ‘Trumpets
sound a levet’ (stage-direction), Fletcher, Double Marriage, ii. 1; Butler,
Hud. ii. 2. 611. Ital. <span class='it'>levata</span>, a march upon a drum and trumpet (Florio);
orig. pp. fem. of <span class='it'>levare</span>, to raise.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>levigate,</span></span> lightened, made easier. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3,
§ 1. Late L. <span class='it'>levigare</span>, to lighten; <span class='it'>levigatio</span>, a lightening (Rönsch, 81).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='leyre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leyre,</span></span> lore. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#lere1'>lere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leystall;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#laystall'>laystall</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='liam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liam, lyam,</span></span> a leash for hounds. Spelt <span class='it'>liom</span>, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. 143;
Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 13, § 5; Drayton, Muses’ Elysium,
Nymphal 6, 65. O. Prov. <span class='it'>liam</span> (Levy), Béarnais Dial., <span class='it'>liam</span> (Lespy),
Norm.-F. <span class='it'>lian</span>, ‘lien’ (Moisy), L. <span class='it'>ligamen</span>, a band, anything to tie with, fr.
<span class='it'>ligare</span>, to tie. See NED. (s.v. Lyam), and EDD. (s.v. Leam, sb.<sup>2</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#lym'>lym</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lib,</span></span> to sleep. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). Hence,
<span class='it'>libkin</span>, a house to sleep in, a lodging, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed
(Jackman); <span class='it'>lib ken</span>, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); ‘A <span class='it'>lypken</span>, a
house to lye in’, Harman, Caveat, 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lib2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lib;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#glib'>glib</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libbard,</span></span> leopard. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 29; Milton, P. L. vii. 467.
[The form ‘libbard’ occurs in modern poets: ‘The lion, and the libbard,
and the bear’, Cowper, Task, vi. 773; ‘On libbard’s paws’, Keats, Lamia,
ii. 185.] ME. <span class='it'>libarde</span> (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 894). OF. <span class='it'>lebard</span> (Godefroy);
see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libbat,</span></span> a short thick stick, chiefly for throwing at cocks, &amp;c.; a billet
of wood. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, st. 21, st. 12; id., prose add. to
bk. ii, § 22. In prov. use in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD.
(s.v. Libbet, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libecchio,</span></span> a south-west wind. Milton, P. L. x. 706. An erroneous
form for Ital. <span class='it'>libeccio</span> (Florio), deriv. of L. <span class='it'>Libs</span>, S.W. wind; Gk. Λίψ.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libel, libell,</span></span> a little book, a short treatise. Gascoigne, Works, i. 42;
a written statement. North’s Plutarch, Life of Octavius, § 25 (in Shaks.
Plut., p. 277, note 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liberal,</span></span> licentious, gross. Much Ado, iv. 1. 93; Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 194;
Othello, ii. 1. 165. <span class='it'>Liberally</span>, licentiously; City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, xi. 194.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libration,</span></span> oscillation, swaying to and fro; ‘The bounds of thy libration’,
Dryden, Conq. of Granada, ii. 3. 1 (Almanzor). L. <span class='it'>librare</span>, to balance.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>licket.</span></span> Meaning doubtful; perhaps a flap of some kind; ‘Wear your
coif with a London licket’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). In the west
country ‘licket’ is in use for ‘a shred, rag’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lidderon,</span></span> a rascal. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 29; Garl. of Laurell,
188. A Sc. prov. word, see Jamieson, Suppl. ME. <span class='it'>lyderon</span> or <span class='it'>lydron</span>,
‘lydorus’ (Prompt. EETS. 262), (<span class='it'>lydorus</span> = Gk. λοίδορος).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lieger'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lieger,</span></span> an ordinary or resident Ambassador; ‘A Lieger (differed)
from an extraordinary Ambassador’, Fuller, Ch. Hist. iii. 5. 22; Fletcher,
Love’s Cure, ii. 2 (Alvarez); a commissioner, an agent, spelt <span class='it'>leiger</span>, Meas.
for M. iii. 1. 59; Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 140. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ledger'>ledger</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lie-pot,</span></span> a vessel to hold ‘lye’ for use as a hair-wash. Middleton, Five
Gallants, i. 1. 12 (<span class='it'>or</span> 14).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lifter,</span></span> a thief, cheat. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 129; Greene, James IV, iii. 1
(near the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lig, ligge,</span></span> to lie, lie down. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 40; Shep. Kal., May,
217; Oct., 12. In common prov. use in the north country and E. Anglia,
see EDD. (s.v. Lie, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1 (4)). OE. <span class='it'>licgean</span> (<span class='it'>liggan</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lightly,</span></span> usually, commonly. Richard III, iii. 1. 91; Massinger, Bondman,
iii. 3 (Gracculo); ‘There’s lightning lightly before thunder’, Ray’s
English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 110); given as a Kentish saying (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lightmans,</span></span> a cant term for day. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song);
Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See <span class='bold'><a href='#darkmans'>darkmans</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>like,</span></span> to please; ‘The music likes you not’, Two Gent. iv. 2. 56; esp. in
the phrase of courtesy, <span class='it'>an’t like your Grace</span>, if it please your Grace, Hen. VIII,
i. 1. 100 (for exx. see Schmidt). ME. <span class='it'>lyke</span>, to please; <span class='it'>it lyketh yow</span>, it pleases
you (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>līcian</span>, to please.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lilburne,</span></span> heavy stupid fellow; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister
Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lill,</span></span> to let the tongue loll out, to thrust forth the tongue. Spenser, F. Q.
i. 5. 34; ‘I lylle out the tonge’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Berks. and
Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Lill, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limbeck;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#lembic'>lembic</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='limiter'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limiter,</span></span> a friar licensed to beg within certain limits. Spenser, Mother
Hubberd, 85. ME. <span class='it'>limitour</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 209). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limmer,</span></span> a ‘limber’; the shaft of a cart or carriage. North, tr. of
Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 26); ‘<span class='it'>Timone</span>, the limmer or
beam or pole of a wagon’, Torriano, Ital. Dict. (1688). ‘Limmer’ is in
prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Limber).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limmer,</span></span> a scoundrel, rascal, rogue. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1
(Earine); Dalrymple, tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. ix. 219; <span class='it'>lymmer</span>, Holinshed
Hist. Irel. (Nares). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limp,</span></span> a ‘limpet’. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 189. A Cumberland word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lin,</span></span> a pool. Drayton, Pol. v. 118; vi. 22. In Scotland and the Border
country <span class='it'>linn</span> is used for the pool at the base of a waterfall, see EDD. (s.v.
Linn, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2). Gael <span class='it'>linne</span>; Irish <span class='it'>linn</span>; Welsh <span class='it'>llyn</span>, a pool.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lin2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lin,</span></span> to cease. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; Puritan Widow, iii. 5. 110; B.
Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Tat.); Mirror for Mag. 77 (Nares). In prov.
use in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>linne</span> (King Horn, 1004); OE. <span class='it'>linnan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>line,</span></span> the lime or linden. Holland, Pliny, i. 541; <span class='it'>line-grove</span>, grove of
lime-trees, Tempest, v. 1. 10. OE. <span class='it'>lind</span> and <span class='it'>linde</span>. See NED. (s.v. Lind).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lingel,</span></span> a shoemaker’s waxed thread. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the
B. Pestle, v.3 (Ralph); Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142; ‘Lyngell that souters
sowe with, <span class='it'>chefgros</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Lingel’ (or ‘lingle’) is the ordinary word
for shoemaker’s thread in Scotland (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>ligneul</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>linsel, lynsel,</span></span> a sheet, a winding-sheet. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 83.
F. <span class='it'>linceul</span>, a sheet; L. <span class='it'>linteolum</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>linteum</span>, a linen cloth.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lint,</span></span> flax, flaxen cloth; ‘Robes that brooke no lint’, admit of no flax;
being of costly material, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 9, st. 68.
In prov. use in Scotland and north of Ireland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lint-staff,</span></span> a lint-stock or linstock, a staff with a forked head to hold
a lighted match. Heywood, Challenge for Beauty, iii. 1 (Valladaura);
vol. v, p. 35. See Dict. (s.v. Linstock).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lion-drunk,</span></span> drunk as a lion. Massinger, Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo).
The four degrees of drunkenness were to be drunk as a sheep (good-humoured);
as a lion (noisy); as an ape (foolish); and as a swine
(bestial). See note to Chaucer (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>H.</span> 44), in Complete Works.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liquor,</span></span> to lubricate; to anoint with grease. Bacon, Nat. History,
§ 117; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 106.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='liripoop'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liripoop,</span></span> chiefly in phrases <span class='it'>to know</span> or <span class='it'>have</span> (one’s) <span class='it'>liripoop</span>, <span class='it'>to teach</span>
(a person) <span class='it'>his liripoop</span>. It means something to be learned and acted or
spoken; <span class='it'>lyrypoope</span>, Newton, Lemnie’s Complex. vii. 58 (NED.); ‘I will
teach thee thy lyrripups’, Stanyhurst, Desc. Irel. in Holinshed, ii. 35;
<span class='it'>lerripoope</span>, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Prisius); <span class='it'>leerypoope</span>, Sapho, i. 3
(Cryticus). Used in the sense of a trick, <span class='it'>lerrepoop</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Wit
at Several Weapons, i. 1 (Sir Gregory); London Prodigal, iv. 1. 2. Cp.
‘lerry’, Linc. word for a trick (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#lerrie'>lerry</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lirrypoope,</span></span> a silly person, Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1. See Nares (s.v.
Liripoop). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Lirripoop).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='list'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>list,</span></span> a stripe of colour. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 306; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar
Errors, bk. vi, c. 11. Hence <span class='it'>listed</span>, striped, Milton, P. L. xi. 866. In
prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. List, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3). F. <span class='it'>liste</span>, a list or selvedge (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>listeth, list,</span></span> <span class='it'>impers.</span> it is pleasing to; ‘Ys yt not lawfull for me to do
as me listeth with myne awne’, Tyndale, Matt. xx. 15; ‘Me list .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. This
idle task to undertake’, Peele, Arraignm. Paris, i. 2; ‘When me lest’,
World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 247.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>litch-owl,</span></span> the ‘lich-owl’, screech-owl, whose cry portended death;
‘The shrieking Litch-owl that doth never cry But boding death’, Drayton,
The Owl, 302; <span class='it'>like-owle</span>, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. x, c. 23 (i. 283c).
See EDD. (s.v. Lich). ME. <span class='it'>liche</span>, a body, a dead body (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>līc</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lithe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lithe, lythe,</span></span> a joint; <span class='it'>out of lythe</span>, out of joint, Morte Arthur, leaf 58,
back, 10; bk. iii, c. 13. ME. <span class='it'>lyth</span>, a limb (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>lið</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lither,</span></span> pliant, supple, yielding; ‘The lither skie’, 1 Hen. VI, iv. 7.
21; see NED. ‘Lither’ is used in this sense in Kent and Sussex, see EDD.
(s.v. Lither, adj.<sup>2</sup>). Probably the same word as ‘lither’, lazy, sluggish.
OE. <span class='it'>lȳðre</span>, bad (morally and physically).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>little-ease,</span></span> pillory, stocks; a very small compartment in a prison.
Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1. 9. Also called <span class='it'>small-ease</span>. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>little-son,</span></span> a grandson. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 22 (in
Shak. Plut., p. 271).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liver.</span></span> Supposed to be the seat of love; to which idea allusions are
common. Temp. iv. 56; Merry Wives, ii. 1. 121. Also, the seat of courage;
Twelfth Nt. iii. 2. 22. To be <span class='it'>lily-livered</span>, or <span class='it'>milk-livered</span>, or <span class='it'>pigeon-livered</span>, or
<span class='it'>white-livered</span>, is to lack courage, to be cowardly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>livery,</span></span> a suit of clothes bestowed on retainers or servants, 2 Hen. IV,
v. 5. 11; <span class='it'>instance of livery</span>, badge of service; Ford, Broken Heart, iv. 1
(Nearchus). Hence <span class='it'>liveried</span>, ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey her’,
Milton, Comus, 455. F. <span class='it'>livrée</span>, ‘a delivery of a thing that’s given, the
thing so given, hence, a livery; ones cloth, colours, or device worn by
servants or others’ (Cotgr.); Med. L. <span class='it'>liberata</span> (Ducange). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loave ears,</span></span> drooping ears. Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Morisco).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lob,</span></span> a lubber, a clown. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 10; Westward Ho, ii. 3
(Birdlime). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>lobben</span>, ‘a lubbard, a clowne’ (Hexham). A Lancashire
word, see EDD. (s.v. Lob, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lobcock,</span></span> a lubber; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3
(Merygreek); Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 3 (end). In prov. use in the north
country and in E. Anglia (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lob’s pound,</span></span> prison; also <span class='it'>fig.</span> a state of great difficulty or entanglement;
a fix. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer); Digby, Elvira,
ii. 1 (Chichon); Butler, Hud. i. 3. 910. Also <span class='it'>Hob’s pound</span>. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lodam,</span></span> the name of a game of cards; ‘<span class='it'>Carica l’asino</span>, the play at
cards that we call, Load him’ (Florio); in one form, called <span class='it'>losing loadum</span>,
the loser won the game, ‘<span class='it'>Coquimbert qui gaigne pert</span>, a game at cards, like
our losing Lodam’, Cotgrave; Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lodesman,</span></span> a pilot, guide; ‘Lodesman of a shippe, Pilotte’, Palsgrave;
‘A lodes-man’, Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 184. ME. <span class='it'>lodesman</span>, pilot (Chaucer,
Leg. G. W. 1488). OE. <span class='it'>lādmann</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lodesmate,</span></span> (?) a travelling companion. Only in Gascoigne, Glasse
Govt. v. 3 (Phylocalus), in Poems (ed. 1870, ii. 77).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loffe,</span></span> to laugh. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 55. In EDD. <span class='it'>loff</span> (<span class='it'>lough</span>) is given
as the infin. of ‘laugh’ in many parts of England (western from Lanc. to
Cornwall). In Lanc. they say ‘he lough’ for ‘he laughed’. ME. <span class='it'>lough</span>, pret.
of <span class='it'>laughe</span> (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 248); OE. <span class='it'>hlōh</span>, laughed.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loft,</span></span> uplifted, elated; ‘In neyther fortune loft, nor yet represt’, Surrey,
Of the death of Sir T. W., ii. 27, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 29; and see the same
Misc., p. 235, l. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loggats,</span></span> a game in which thick sticks are thrown to lie as near as
possible to a stake fixed in the ground or a block of wood on a floor. Hamlet,
v. 1. 99. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lol,</span></span> that which lolls; the tongue. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 442.
See EDD. (s.v. Loll, vb.<sup>2</sup>: Loller, ‘the tongue’).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lollard,</span></span> lazy, idle, sluggish; ‘The lolearde Asse’, Turbervile, That all
things have release, st. 3. The word ‘lollard’ for a lazy person is used in
Cumberland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Lombard'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lombard,</span></span> a native of Lombardy; ‘A Lumbarde, <span class='it'>longobardus</span>’, Levins,
Manip. 30; a Lombard engaged as a money-changer or pawnbroker,
Greene, Mourn. Garm. 44 (NED.); also, a money-lender’s office, a pawnshop,
Northward Ho, v. 1 (Kate). Norm. F. <span class='it'>lombard</span>, <span class='it'>lumbart</span>, ‘usurier,
prêteur sur gages’ (Moisy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#lumber'>lumber</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lome,</span></span> a bucket. Mirror for Mag., Godwin, st. 55. ‘Loom’ is in use in
many parts of Scotland for a vessel of any kind, see EDD. (s.v. 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>long,</span></span> to belong. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254. ME.
<span class='it'>longen</span>, to belong (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2278); OE. <span class='it'>langian</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>longee,</span></span> a ‘lunge’, a complimental bow to a lady. Butler, Hud. iii. 1.
159. See Dict. (s.v. Lunge).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>longtails;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Kentish'>Kentish long-tails</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loos,</span></span> praise, fame. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 12. ME. <span class='it'>los</span>, praise (Chaucer, Leg.
G. W. 1514); OF. <span class='it'>los</span>, <span class='it'>loos</span>; O. Prov. <span class='it'>laus</span>, praise; L. <span class='it'>laudes</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>laus</span>, praise.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loose,</span></span> the act of discharging an arrow. Middleton, Family of Love, iii.
2. 5; Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 146).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lope,</span></span> to run. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s Song); Greene,
James IV, Induction (Bohan); Gascoigne, Fruites Warre, lii (NED.). They
say in Essex, ‘He went lopin’ along’, see EDD. (s.v. Loup, vb.<sup>1</sup> 8). Du.
<span class='it'>loopen</span>, ‘to runne or to trot’ (Hexham).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>lopeman,</span> a runner. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iii. 4. 8.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lorel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lorel,</span></span> a worthless person, rogue, blackguard; ‘I am laureate, I am no
lorelle’, Skelton, Against Garnesche. See NED. ME. <span class='it'>lorel</span>, ‘Lewede lorel!’
(P. Plowman, A. viii. 123). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Cock'>Cock Lorel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loring,</span></span> instruction. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 42. (A rime-word; formed
fr. <span class='it'>lore</span>.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lote,</span></span> in Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 802, represents Gk. λωτός, some
kind of clover or trefoil, see NED. (s.v. Lote, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lought,</span></span> loath. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, i. 1 (Old Forrest);
vol. vi, p. 364. ‘Loft’ is in prov. use in Oxfordsh. and Kent as a pronunc.
of ‘loath’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loup-garou,</span></span> a werwolf, a man changed into the form of a wolf. North,
tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Story of Timon). F. <span class='it'>loup-garou</span>; F. <span class='it'>loup</span>, wolf +
<span class='it'>garou</span>, a werwolf, cp. MHG. <span class='it'>werwolf</span>, man-wolf; OE. <span class='it'>werewulf</span>, so that in
<span class='it'>loup-garou</span> there is a tautological repetition of two words for ‘wolf’—one
of Latin and the other of Teutonic origin. See Hatzfeld.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lour, lowre,</span></span> money (Cant); ‘Lour to bouze with’, Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Harman, Caveat, p. 85.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lourdain'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lourdain,</span></span> a general term of opprobrium, a sluggard, vagabond. Puttenham,
English Poesie, bk. i, ch. 13; Drayton, Sheph. Garl. (ed. 1593,
K 2), see Nares; ‘Let alone makes mony lurdon’, Ray’s English Proverbs
(ed. 1678, p. 383). See EDD. (s.v. Lurdane). ME. <span class='it'>lordayne</span> (<span class='it'>lurdayn</span>), ‘lurco’
(Prompt. EETS. 269 and 272); OF. <span class='it'>lourdein</span>, ‘sot, stupide’ (Roquefort),
deriv. of <span class='it'>lourd</span>, heavy, dull.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loute,</span></span> to bend, bow, make obeisance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; v. 8. 50.
In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Lout, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>loute</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 683); OE. <span class='it'>lūtan</span>, to stoop.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>louver,</span></span> an aperture with a shutter or flap; ‘He put abrode the louvres
of the tente’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; spelt <span class='it'>lover</span>, Spenser,
F. Q. vi. 10. 42. A north-country word still in use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>lovere</span>,
‘lodium’ (Prompt. EETS. 271, see note, no. 1294); OF. <span class='it'>lover</span>, <span class='it'>lovier</span>
(Godefroy).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>lover-hole,</span> an opening in a ‘louver’, Shirley, Honoria, iii. 4
(Alamode).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>love,</span></span> to praise, to appraise; ‘I love, as a chapman loveth his ware that
he wyll sell’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>loven</span>: ‘<span class='it'>lovon</span> and bedyn as chapmen’
(Prompt. EETS. 277); OE. <span class='it'>lofian</span>, to praise, to value; cp. G. <span class='it'>loben</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lovery,</span></span> a ‘louver’. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. v. 72.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loves.</span></span> The phrases <span class='it'>for all loves</span>, <span class='it'>of all loves</span> (or <span class='it'>love</span>), <span class='it'>upon all love</span>, <span class='it'>for love’s
sake</span>, are all phrases indicating strong entreaty, like our <span class='it'>for my sake</span>, <span class='it'>for his
sake</span>. ‘Speake of all loves’, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 153. ‘Of all loves’ is
a Derb. form of entreaty, see EDD. (s.v. Love, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>low-bell,</span></span> a hand-bell used in fowling, to make the birds lie close;
‘Take a low-bell which must have a deep and hollow sound’, Gentleman’s
Recreation, Fowling, 39 (Nares); ‘As timorous larks amazed are With
light and with a low-bell’, St. George for England, st. 5 (written in 1688),
in Percy’s Reliques (ed. Bohn, ii. 329). It is probably this kind of bell
which Petruchio means when he says to Maria: ‘Peace, gentle low-bell!’,
Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>low-men,</span></span> loaded dice that produced low throws. London Prodigal, i.
1. 218.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lubric, lubrick,</span></span> incontinent, wanton. Ford, Witch of Edmonton,
iii. 2 (Win.); Dryden, Ode to Mrs. Killigrew, 63; B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1
(Crispinus). Med. L. <span class='it'>lubricus</span>, ‘impudicus, salax’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lubrican,</span></span> the ‘leprechaun’; in Irish folk-lore, a pigmy sprite who
always carries a purse containing a shilling (NED.); ‘Your Irish lubrican’,
Dekker, Honest Wh., 2nd Pt. iii. 1 (Hippolito); Drayton, Agincourt.
For full particulars of this tricky little sprite, see Joyce, English as we
speak it in Ireland, 284. Irish <span class='it'>lupracán</span> (also, <span class='it'>lughracán</span>, <span class='it'>lugharcán</span>) a
‘leprechaun’ (Dinneen, p. 450). See EDD. (s.v. Leprechaun).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lucern'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lucern,</span></span> a lynx. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); <span class='it'>lucerns</span>
(= θῶες), Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 417; id., Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy);
<span class='it'>luzern</span>, Peele, Device of a Pageant. Cp. early mod. G. <span class='it'>lüchsern</span>, pertaining
to the lynx, deriv. of <span class='it'>luchs</span>, a lynx (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lug,</span></span> the ear. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (P. Canter); Return from
Parnassus (last scene); hence, <span class='it'>lugg’d</span>, furnished with ‘lugs’ or flaps,
Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 174. ‘Lug’ is very common in the
north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lug, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lug,</span></span> a measure of land. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 11. In prov. use in the
Midlands and south-west counties from Warwicksh. to Somerset, see EDD.
(s.v. Lug, sb.<sup>3</sup> 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lug,</span></span> to pull, drag about. Hamlet, iii. 4. 212; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83;
‘Head-lugged bear’, King Lear, iv. 2. 42. In common colloq. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lugge,</span></span> a stiff bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 28; ‘<span class='it'>Vastus arcus</span>, a lugge
or mighty bigge bowe’, Cooper.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lull,</span></span> pleasant soothing drink; ‘A Cup of blessed lull’, The London
Chanticleers, scene 9 (Heath). Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lumber'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lumber,</span></span> a pawnbroking establishment; ‘<span class='it'>Mónte de piedád</span>, a lumber
or bancke to lend money for a yeare, for those that need, without interest’,
Minsheu, Span. Dict. Phr. <span class='it'>to put to lumber</span>, to put in pawn, ‘To put one’s
Clothes to Lumbar, <span class='it'>pignori dare</span>’, Skinner. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Lombard'>Lombard</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Luna,</span></span> an alchemist’s name for silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).
ME. ‘Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 826).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lunary,</span></span> moonwort, the fern called <span class='it'>Botrychium Lunaria</span>. Drayton,
Nymphidia, st. 50; Lyly, Endimion, ii. 3 (End.); iv. 3 (Gyptes); Sapho,
iii. 3 (Ismena); B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). ME. <span class='it'>lunarie</span> (Chaucer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lune,</span></span> a ‘loyn’ or thong for a hawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 104, back, 12;
bk. vi, c. 16. ME. <span class='it'>loigne</span> (Rom. Rose, 3882). OF. <span class='it'>loigne</span>, a cord. Med. L.
<span class='it'>longia</span>, ‘lorum’ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Loyn).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lunes,</span></span> fits of frenzy, mad freaks. Winter’s Tale, ii. 2. 30. F. <span class='it'>lune</span>,
humour, whim; ‘<span class='it'>Il y a de la lune</span>, he is a foolish, humorous, hare-brain’d,
giddy-headed fellow’ (Cotgr.); cp. G. <span class='it'>laune</span>, whim, humour; fr. L. <span class='it'>luna</span>,
the moon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lungis,</span></span> a long, slim fellow; one who is long in doing anything.
Beaumont and Fl., Knight B. Pestle, ii. 3. 4; ‘<span class='it'>Longis or a long slymme</span>,
<span class='it'>lungurio</span>’, Huloet; ‘<span class='it'>Lungis</span>, a slim slow-back, a drowsy or dreaming
Fellow’, Phillips (ed. 1706). F. ‘<span class='it'>Longis</span>, nom propre d’un personnage
légendaire, qui aurait percé de sa lance le flanc de Jésus Christ; le sens
est dû à l’influence de <span class='it'>long</span>: Celui qui est long à faire qqch.’ (Hatzfeld).
Longinus was said to have been the soldier who pierced the Lord’s side
with his lance (λόγχη); his martyrdom at Caesarea in Cappadocia was
commemorated March 15; see Dict. Christ Antiq. (s.v.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lupus est in fabula,</span></span> there is a wolf coming to interrupt our talk.
A proverb used on the occasion of a sudden silence; from the idea that a
man becomes dumb if a wolf happens to see him before the man sees the
wolf. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 322 (p. 93, col. 1); see Sir T. Browne, Vulgar
Errors, bk. iii, ch. 8. The superstition is referred to by Virgil, Ecl. ix.
54. The proverb occurs in Terence, Adelphi, iv. 1. 21. See Büchmann,
Geflügelte Worte (ed. 1905, p. 441).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lurch,</span></span> to remain in or about a place secretly, esp. with an evil design.
Merry Wives, ii. 2. 26; to be beforehand in getting something, to get hold
of by stealth, Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2; to deprive, rob, Coriolanus,
ii. 2. 106. A north-country word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lurden,</span></span> a term of reproach, Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 4. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lourdain'>lourdain</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lush,</span></span> luxuriant, succulent. Temp. ii. 1. 52. In prov. use in Lakeland
and Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Lush, adj.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>lusch</span> or slak, ‘laxus’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lusk,</span></span> to lie idle, to indulge in laziness. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi,
ch. 30, st. 15. Cp. ‘lusk’, a Linc. word for an idle worthless fellow
(EDD.). Hence <span class='it'>luskye</span>, lazy; ‘Thy luskye nest’, Drayton, The Owl, 111;
<span class='it'>luskishness</span>, sluggishness, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lustick, lustique,</span></span> merry, jolly. All’s Well, ii. 3. 47; ‘Rusticke
and lusticke’, Dekker, Sir T. Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. Du.
<span class='it'>lustigh</span>, pleasant (Hexham); deriv. of <span class='it'>lust</span>, pleasure. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lustihead,</span></span> jollity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 51.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lustless,</span></span> listless, feeble. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20; Gascoigne, Jocasta,
iii. 4. 2. ME. <span class='it'>lustles</span> (Gower, C. A. ii. 2024; iv. 3455).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>luxur,</span></span> an incontinent man. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>luxury,</span></span> lasciviousness. Middleton, A Game at Chess, ii; A Mad
World, iii. 2 (Mis. H.); Hamlet, i. 5. 83. ME. <span class='it'>luxurie</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span>
925). Late L. <span class='it'>luxuria</span> (in Vulgate = ἀσωτία, Eph. v. 18).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>luzern;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#lucern'>lucern</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lyam;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#liam'>liam</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lycanthropi,</span></span> persons suffering from <span class='it'>lycanthropia</span>, or wolf-madness.
Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 3 (Franciscus); Ford, Lover’s Melancholy,
iii. 3 (Corax). Gk. λυκάνθρωπος, a wer-wolf, a man who thought he was
changed into a wolf, or who was thought by others to be so changed.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lyers;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leare'>leare</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lylse-wulse,</span></span> linsey-woolsey. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte,
128. <span class='it'>Lylsey</span> is an older form of Linsey (Suffolk), where cloth was once
made. <span class='it'>Wulse</span> furnishes a pun on the name of Wolsey.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='lym'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lym,</span></span> a lyam-hound, or one held by a leash. King Lear, iii. 6. 72.
Short for <span class='it'>lyam-hound</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#liam'>liam</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lymiter;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#limiter'>limiter</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lythe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#lithe'>lithe</a>.</span></p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='M'>M</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>M,</span></span> abbreviation for Master as a conventional title. Phr. <span class='it'>to have</span> (or
<span class='it'>carry</span>) <span class='it'>an M under one’s girdle</span>, to use a respectful prefix (Mr. or Mrs.) when
addressing or mentioning a person; ‘You might carry an M under your
girdle to Mr. Deputy’s worship’, B. Jonson, &amp;c., Eastward Ho, iv. 1
(Constable); ‘Have you nere an M under your girdle’, Great Britons
Honycombe (Nares); ‘You might have an M under your Girdle, Miss’,
Swift, Polite Conversation; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 133. [‘Ye might
hae had an M under your belt for Mistress Wilson of Milnwood’, Scott,
Old Mortality, xxix.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mace-proof,</span></span> proof against fear of bailiffs or mace-carrying serjeants.
Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Bonamico); Gamester, iii. 1 (Lord F.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mackrel gale,</span></span> a fresh gale, when mackerel are more easily caught.
Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 456.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maculate,</span></span> to stain, defile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 26, § 8;
<span class='it'>maculated</span>, spotted, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 29, § 9. L.
<span class='it'>maculare</span>, to spot; from <span class='it'>macula</span>, a spot.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mad'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mad</span>(<span class='bold'>de,</span></span> a maggot or grub, esp. the larva which causes a disease in
sheep. Tusser, Husbandry, § 50; Best, Farming Books (Surtees Soc., 6);
Worlidge, Syst. Agric. 273; an earthworm, ‘Mooles take mads’, Warner,
Alb. England, ii. 9, st. 52; Holland, Pliny, ii. 361. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mathe'>mathe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maddle-coddle,</span></span> foolish. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, vi. 391. See EDD. (s.v. Maddle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Madrill,</span></span> Madrid. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1 (Pedro); ii. 1
(Alvarez); Marvell, Appleton House. Cp. Span. <span class='it'>Madrileño</span>, a native or
inhabitant of Madrid.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magar,</span></span> some kind of ship. Only in Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 86; p. 90,
col. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mage,</span></span> a magician. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 14. L. <span class='it'>magus</span>, pl. <span class='it'>magi</span>, ‘the
Wise Men’ (Vulgate, Matt. ii. 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maggot-pate,</span></span> a light-headed whimsical person. Beaumont and Fl.,
Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Milanes).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maggot-pye,</span></span> a magpie. Macbeth, iii. 4. 125; ‘<span class='it'>Gazzotto</span>, a maggot-a-pie’,
Florio. ‘Magot’ was a pet name for Margaret, see Bardsley, English
Surnames, 76. F. <span class='it'>Margot</span>, ‘diminutif très familier de Marguerite, nom
vulgaire de la pie’ (Littré). ‘Maggotty-pie’ is in prov. use in Wilts.,
Somerset, and Cornwall for the magpie, see EDD. (s.v. Maggot, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magisterium,</span></span> lit. mastery; a name for the ‘philosopher’s stone’.
B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). See Ducange.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magnificate,</span></span> to magnify; ‘A church reformed state, The which the
female tongues magnificate’, Marston, Sat. ii. 42; ridiculed by Jonson,
Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); p. 130.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magnificence,</span></span> liberality of expenditure combined with good taste.
Massinger, Renegado, ii. 4 (Vitelli); Duke of Milan, iii. 1 (Charles). Cp.
Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 736.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magnificent,</span></span> munificent, liberal. Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1
(Theodosius); Parl. of Love, iv. 1 (Dinant).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maid,</span></span> a name given to the thornback and skate, when young. A
Woman never vexed, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 112; Drayton, Pol. xxv.
104; Gay, Trivia, ii. 292. In prov. use in Ireland and various parts of
England, see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mail,</span></span> in hawking, to tie or wrap up a hawk with a girdle or kerchief,
to secure her. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain); Fletcher and
Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 3 (Gerasto). See NED. (s.v. Mail, vb.<sup>3</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>main,</span></span> in the game of hazard, a number (from five to nine inclusive)
called by the caster before the dice are thrown; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 47;
<span class='it'>mains</span>, throws at dice; Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Quadratus). See
NED. (s.v. Main, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mainprize,</span></span> suretyship, acceptance of suretyship. Butler, Hud. iii. 1.
60; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); ‘<span class='it'>Mainprise</span>, the receiving
a man into friendly custody, that otherwise is or might be committed to
prison, upon security given for his forthcoming at a day assigned’,
Cowell, Interpreter (ed. 1637). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>maynprys</span> (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maiordomo,</span></span> ‘major-domo’, the chief officer or servant of a princely
or wealthy household. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4 (ed. Arber,
158). Span. <span class='it'>mayordomo</span>, a steward (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maistry,</span></span> a competitive feat of strength or skill. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i, c. 17, § 4; <span class='it'>masteries</span>, Bacon, Essay 19, § 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='make'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>make,</span></span> a companion, husband, wife. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 7; iii. 11. 2.
Hence <span class='it'>makeless</span>, widowed, Shak., Sonnet 9. ME. <span class='it'>make</span>, a mate, equal,
match; a wedded companion, husband or wife (Chaucer). Still in use in
these senses in Scotland, also in England in many parts from the north
to Glouc. OE. <span class='it'>gemaca</span>.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>makeless,</span> matchless, incomparable, Mirror for Mag, Buckingham, st. 13.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>make-bate,</span></span> a mischief-maker, promoter of quarrels. Stanyhurst, tr.
of Aeneid, ii. 573 (ed. Arber, 62); <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Tim. iii. 3 (margin); Titus ii. 3
(margin); ‘Satan the author and sower of discord stirred up his instruments,
certain Frenchmen, tittivillers and makebaits about the King’,
Foxe, Bk. Martyrs (ed. Cattley, ii. 648); Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii.
2 (Nicholas). In prov. use in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Make, vb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>making,</span></span> a match-making, matching. Middleton, A Trick to catch,
iii. 3 (Witgood).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='malakatoon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malakatoon,</span></span> a quince, a peach grafted on a quince. Webster, Devil’s
Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio); <span class='it'>malicatoon</span>, Rowley, All’s Lost, i. 3. 15. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#melocotone'>melocotone</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malander, mallander,</span></span> a dry scabby eruption behind the knee in
horses. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 94; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1
(Knockem). F. <span class='it'>malandre</span>; Late L. <span class='it'>malandria</span>, pl. pustules on the neck,
esp. in horses (Vegetius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>male,</span></span> a bag, wallet, pack. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142. 2; ‘Male
or wallet, to putte geare in’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. 4.
ME. <span class='it'>male</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3115). See Dict. (s.v. Mail, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>male-ease,</span></span> indisposition, illness. Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 2;
bk. viii, c. 41. F. <span class='it'>malaise</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malefice,</span></span> an evil deed. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1154. L. <span class='it'>maleficium</span>,
evil deed.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malengin, malengine,</span></span> evil contrivance, ill intent, deceit. Spenser,
F. Q. iii. 1. 53; v. 9. 5. ME. <span class='it'>malengin</span>: ‘The florin Was moder ferst of
malengin’ (Gower, C. A. v. 345). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>malengin</span>, evil device (Gower,
Mirour, 6544); cp. <span class='it'>engin</span>, device, trickery, id., 2102.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maleur,</span></span> misfortune. Spelt <span class='it'>maleheure</span>, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 169.
1; <span class='it'>maleure</span>, id., lf. 244, back, 22. OF. <span class='it'>maleur</span>; L. <span class='it'>malum augurium</span>, evil
destiny.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maleurous,</span></span> unlucky. Spelt <span class='it'>malewreus</span>, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 82. 26.
OF. <span class='it'>maleuros</span> (F. <span class='it'>malheureux</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maleurtee,</span></span> misfortune. Spelt <span class='it'>maleheurte</span>, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf
338. 15. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='male-uryd'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>male-uryd,</span></span> ill-omened, unlucky. Skelton, Against the Scottes, 111.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#ure2'>ure</a></span> (destiny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='malgrado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malgrado,</span></span> ‘maugre’, in despite of, to the loss of; ‘Malgrado of his
honour’, Greene, Orl. Fur. v. 2 (Orlando); Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5. 5. Ital.
<span class='it'>malgrado</span>, ‘in despight of’ (Florio). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#maugre'>maugre</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malice,</span></span> to regard with malice, seek to injure. Surrey. Complaint of
a Lover that defied Love, 34 (in Tottell’s Misc., p. 8); North, tr. of Plutarch,
Coriolanus, § 13 (in Shak. Plut., p. 23). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='malkin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malkin,</span></span> an untidy female servant, a slut, slattern. Coriolanus, ii. 1.
227; Pericles, iv. 3. 34; used as a term of abuse, a lewd woman, spelt
<span class='it'>maukin</span>, Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); Death of E.
Huntington, ii. 1 (Hubert), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 258. ‘Malkin’
(‘Mawkin’) is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland for a slattern,
and as a term of abuse, see EDD. (s.v. Mawkin, 2). It is prop. a dimin. of
the Christian name <span class='it'>Maud</span> (ME. <span class='it'>Malde</span>), a F. equivalent of <span class='it'>Matilda</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mall,</span></span> a club. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 51; an iron club, id., iv. 5. 42. As
vb., to beat down, id., v. 11. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malleation,</span></span> the test of hammering. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face).
From L. <span class='it'>malleus</span>, a hammer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malleted,</span></span> infixed as if by a ‘mallet’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid,
iii. 649.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maltalent,</span></span> ill-will. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 61. ME. <span class='it'>maltalent</span>, ill-will,
ill-humour (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 273 and 330); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>maltalant</span>, ill-humour
(Ch. Rol. 271).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mammer,</span></span> to waver, to be undecided. Othello, iii. 3. 70; Drant, tr.
Horace, 2 Sat. 3. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>mamere</span>, ‘mutulare’
(Voc. 668. 26). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mammet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mammet,</span></span> a puppet, an odd figure, freq. used as a term of abuse.
Romeo, iii. 5. 186; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 95; spelt <span class='it'>maumet</span>, Machin, The Dumb
Knight, iii. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mommet). ME. <span class='it'>maumet</span>, an idol,
a false god (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 860); OF. <span class='it'>mahumet</span>, an idol, orig. Mahomet,
who was supposed to be one of the false gods of the Saracens (Ch. Rol.
2590).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mammock,</span></span> a scrap, shred. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 654; to tear into
shreds, Coriolanus, i. 3. 71. ‘Mammock’, a broken piece, scrap, slice of
food; to cut into pieces—in prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mammothrept,</span></span> a spoiled child, weakling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s
Revels, iv. 1 (Amorphus). Gk. μαμμόθρεπτος, brought up by one’s grandmother.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>man,</span></span> to ‘squire’, or accompany a lady, to escort. Lyly, Euphues (ed.
Arber, 291); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Amaranta).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manable,</span></span> used of a girl of marriageable age. Middleton, Family of
Love, iv. 4 (Gudgeon); ‘She’s manable’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, ii. 1
(Otrante).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manage,</span></span> management, control. Richard II, iii. 3. 179; Edw. III, iii.
3. 224.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manchet,</span></span> a small loaf of white bread. Drayton, Pol., Song, xvi. 229;
Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Roger). In prov. use in Yorks., Lanc.,
and in the west country (EDD.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>manchette</span>, ‘pain à croûte dure,
inégale, fait en forme de couronne’ (Moisy). Prob. the same word as F.
<span class='it'>manchette</span>, a cuff (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manderer;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#maunder1'>maunder</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mandilion,</span></span> a soldier’s cloak. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, x. 120; Middleton,
Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares. Ital. <span class='it'>mandiglione</span>,
a jacket (Florio), deriv. of Med. L. <span class='it'>mantile</span>, cp. Span. <span class='it'>mantilla</span>. See Dozy,
Glossaire, 299.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mandragora,</span></span> mandrake. Othello, iii. 3. 330; Ant. and Cl. i. 5. 4. Gk.
μανδραγόρας.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mandrake,</span></span> the plant <span class='it'>Atropa mandragora</span>; of a strong narcotic quality.
Its root was thought to resemble the human figure, and to cause madness
by its shriek or groan when torn from the ground. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 310;
Romeo, iv. 3. 47; a term of abuse, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 16; iii. 2. 342.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mandritta, mandrita,</span></span> in fencing, a cut from right to left. Nabbes,
Microcosmos, i. 2 (Choler); Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 56.
Ital. <span class='it'>mandritto</span>, <span class='it'>manritto</span>, ‘a right handed blow’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='maner'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maner, manner:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to be taken with the maner</span>, to be taken in the
act. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Num. v. 13 (ed. 1611); also, in the Geneva Bible (1562);
1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 350; Winter’s Tale, iv. 3 (or 4), 755. ‘If the Defendant
were taken with the mainour (or manour)’, Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.
Mainour); ‘He is taken with the maynure’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. ii. c. 7, § 6. Compare the Anglo-F. legal phrase <span class='it'>pris ov mainoure</span>, and
the L. <span class='it'>cum manuopere captus</span>, i.e. taken with the thing stolen in one’s
possession (Ducange, s.v. Manopera); <span class='it'>mainoure</span>, lit. hand-work, acquired
the legal sense of ‘thing stolen’. Later, to be taken <span class='it'>in the</span> (<span class='it'>i’th</span>) <span class='it'>manner</span>,
Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Mainour).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mangonize,</span></span> to sell men or boys for slaves. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1
(Tucca). L. <span class='it'>mangonizare</span>, to trim up an article for sale (Pliny); <span class='it'>mango</span>,
a dealer in slaves and wares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manicon,</span></span> the name of a narcotic, obtained from a kind of night-shade,
so called from its supposed power of causing madness; ‘(Who) Bewitch
hermetic men to run Stark staring mad with manicon’, Butler, Hud. iii.
1. 324. See Alphita, 176 (under Strignus manicon, and Solatrum mortale).
Cp. Gk. στρύχνος μανικός (Dioscorides).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maniple,</span></span> a handful, bundle. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Dia.);
a band of men, Milton, Areopagitica (ed. Hales, 48). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manner;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#maner'>maner</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manred,</span></span> the men whom the lord could call upon in time of war;
hence, a supply of fighting men; ‘Manred and retinew’, Holland,
Camden’s Brit., Scot. ii. 17 (NED.); Phaer, Aeneid vii, 644 and 710
(L. orig. ‘cohors’). OE. <span class='it'>mannrǣden</span>, homage, service due from tenants.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manticore,</span></span> a fabulous animal, compounded of a lion, porcupine, and
scorpion, with a human head. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 118 and 124;
‘Mantichoras, monstrous beasts’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v
(Butler). Gk. μαντιχώρας, a corrupt reading for μαρτιχόρας in Aristotle;
from a Persian word meaning ‘man-eater’. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manto,</span></span> a cloak. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 700. Ital. <span class='it'>manto</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mantoon,</span></span> a mantle. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Ital.
<span class='it'>mantone</span>, <span class='it'>manto</span>, a cloak (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manurage,</span></span> cultivation of land. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii,
c. 14, st. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>map,</span></span> a mop. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto); ‘Map’ is a Yorks.
pronunc. of ‘mop’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maquerelle,</span></span> a bawd, a procuress. Westward Ho, v. 3; Shirley,
Triumph of Peace (Second Antimasque). F. <span class='it'>maquerelle</span>, ‘a (woman) bawd,
the solicitrix of Lechery’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marablane,</span></span> an Oriental aromatic. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1
(Spaniard). See <span class='bold'><a href='#myrobalane'>myrobalane</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marasmus,</span></span> a wasting away of the body. Milton, P. L. xi. 487. Gk.
μαρασμός.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marchesite;</span></span> ‘marcasite’; a kind of iron pyrites. B. Jonson, Alchem.
ii. 1 (Surly). Ital. <span class='it'>marchesita</span>, <span class='it'>marcasita</span>, ‘a marquesit, or fire-stone, good
to make mill-stones’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marcussotte,</span></span> to cut the beard in a particular way; ‘And with a
sythe doth marcussotte his bristled berd’, Golding, Metam. xiii. 766;
fol. 163 (1603). F. <span class='it'>Barbe faicte à la marquisotte</span>, ‘Cut after the Turkish
fashion; all being shaven away but the mustachoes’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mare,</span></span> the nightmare. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 83. ME. <span class='it'>mare</span> or nyȝhte mare,
‘epialtes’ (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>mare</span>, Icel. <span class='it'>mara</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mare:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to ride the wild mare</span>, to play at see-saw. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4.
268; <span class='it'>the two-legged mare</span>, the gallows, Like Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
iii. 335, 345.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mare;</span></span> ‘the blues’, melancholy; ‘Away the mare’, Skelton, Elynour
Rummyng, 110; ‘Let pass away the mare’, Calisto and Melibæa, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 57.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mare,</span></span> a term in wrestling; a particular kind of grip. Drayton, Pol.
i. 244. Also called <span class='it'>the flying mare</span>; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mareyse,</span></span> a marsh. Morte Arthur, leaf 113. 5; bk. vi, c. 14; lf. 217. 17;
bk. x, c. 1. OF. <span class='it'>mareis</span>; Med. L. <span class='it'>mariscus</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>margaret, margarite,</span></span> a pearl. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 76; p. 90,
col. 1; A Looking-Glasse, i. 1. 100 (Rasni). F. <span class='it'>Marguerite</span>, ‘Margaret
(a woman’s name); also a (Margarite) pearl’ (Cotgr.). L <span class='it'>margarita</span>,
Gk. μαργαρίτης, a pearl.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marge,</span></span> margin, brink, border. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6. Drayton,
Pol. ii. 25. F. <span class='it'>marge</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>margery-prater,</span></span> a hen (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1
(Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 83. <span class='it'>Prater</span> = cackler.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marginal finger,</span></span> an index-hand in the margin of a book (☞); used
to direct attention to a striking passage. Massinger, Fatal Dowry (Romont;
towards the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mark,</span></span> a coin worth 13<span class='it'>s.</span> 4<span class='it'>d.</span>, or 2/3 of the £ sterling. Measure for M. iv.
3. 7; King John, ii. 530.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mark-white,</span></span> white mark, centre. Phr. <span class='it'>at the marke white</span>, at the white
mark in the centre of a target, Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; cp. <span class='it'>the white</span>, Tam.
Shrew, v. 2. 186. And see <span class='bold'><a href='#rove'>rove</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marle,</span></span> to marvel, wonder. Eastward Ho, iii. 2 (Gertrude); B. Jonson,
Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Carlo); a marvel, B. Jonson, Silent
Woman, iii. 1 (Mrs. Otter). A Devon and Somerset pronunc., see EDD.
(s.v. Marl, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marlian,</span></span> a merlin, small hawk. Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 132, l. 1.
A Cornish pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Marlin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marling,</span></span> a ‘marline’, a small tarred cord used for binding ropes.
Dryden, Annus Mirab. 148. See Dict. (s.v. Marline).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marmaritin,</span></span> a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L.
<span class='it'>marmaritis</span>; Gk. μαρμαρῖτις, a plant that grows in marble quarries
(Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='marmoll'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marmoll,</span></span> an enflamed sore, esp. on the leg. Skelton, Magnyfycence,
1932. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mortmal'>mortmal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marrow,</span></span> a companion, partner, mate. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57, st. 40;
Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 195. In common prov. use in the
north to Cheshire and Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Marrow, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME.
<span class='it'>marwe</span>, ‘socius, sodalis, compar’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='marry1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marry gip</span></span> (an exclamation); ‘Marry gip, thought I, with a wanion!’,
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Waspe);
cp. the oath, <span class='it'>By Mary Gipcy</span> (i.e. by S. Mary of Egypt), Skelton, Garl. of
Laurell, 1455.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marry gup</span></span> (an exclamation); <span class='it'>marie gup!</span>, Lyly, Midas, v. 2 (Licio)
See NED. (s.v. Marry, int., c).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marry muff,</span></span> some kind of cheap textile fabric; ‘A sute of Marrymuffe’,
Meeting of Gallants (NED.). Used as a derisive exclamation,
Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Mars,</span></span> an alchemist’s name for iron. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mart:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>letters of mart</span>, <span class='it'>letters of marque</span>, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, i. 3
(Goswin); Wife for a Month, ii. 1 (Tony). See Dict. (s.v. Marque).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>martagan,</span></span> martagon, Turk’s-cap lily; <span class='it'>Lilium martagon</span>. B. Jonson,
Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Aiken). F. ‘<span class='it'>martagon de Constantinople</span>, the Byzantine
Lilly’ (Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>martagone</span>; Turk. <span class='it'>martagān</span>, a kind of turban, a
martagon-lily.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>martel,</span></span> to hammer. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 42. OF. <span class='it'>marteler</span>, deriv. of
OF. <span class='it'>martel</span>, a hammer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>martern,</span></span> the ‘marten’, an animal of the weasel kind. Fletcher,
Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); Harrison, Descript. England, ii. 19 (ed.
Furnivall, 310). See Dict. (s.v. Marten).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>martialist,</span></span> a military man. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Martlemas,</span></span> Martinmas. St. Martin’s day, Nov. 11. Meat was often
killed at this time to be salted for use at Christmas, Greene, George-a-Greene
(ll. 439, 1001), ed. Dyce, p. 260, col. 1; p. 266, col. 1; <span class='it'>Martilmas</span>,
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; Tusser, § 12. 3. An E. Anglian form
of Martinmas (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mary, maree,</span></span> marrow. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 66; <span class='it'>maree</span>, Golding,
tr. of Met. ix. 172. ME. <span class='it'>mary</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 542); <span class='it'>mary-bones</span>, marrow-bones
(id., C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 380).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maryhinchco, maryhinchcho,</span></span> a disease to which horses are subject;
‘She has had a string-halt, the maryhinchco’, B. Jonson, Barth.
Fair, iii. 1 (Knockem). Markham explains it thus: ‘The string-halt, of
some called the mary-hinchcho, is a sodaine twitching up of the horses
hinder legges’ (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mash,</span></span> to become enmeshed or entangled. Warner, Albion’s England,
vi. 29, st. 27. See NED. (s.v. Mesh, vb.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maship,</span></span> a shorter form of <span class='it'>mastership</span>, as a term of respect. Udall,
Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mask,</span></span> the ‘mesh’ of a net. Brewer, Lingua, ii. 6 (Mendacio). A
Cheshire pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Maske). ME. <span class='it'>maske</span>, ‘macula’ (Prompt.);
OE. <span class='it'>max</span>, cp. Dan. <span class='it'>maske</span>. See NED. (s.v. Mask, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>masticot, masticote,</span></span> ‘massicot’, yellow protoxide of lead, used as
a pigment. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 13; pp. 130, 132. F. <span class='it'>massicot</span>,
‘oaker [ochre] made of Ceruse, or white lead’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mastlin1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mastlin,</span></span> mixed corn, esp. a mixture of wheat and rye. Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 63. 23; ‘<span class='it'>Metail</span>, Messling or Masslin, Wheat and Rie mingled,
sowed and used together’, Cotgrave. ME. <span class='it'>mestlyon</span> or mongorne, ‘mixtilio’
(Prompt. EETS. 286). ‘Meslin’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland,
see EDD. (s.v. Maslin, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mastlin, maslin,</span></span> a kind of brass. Brewer, Lingua, iv. 1 (Heuresis).
In prov. use as an attrib.: maslin kettles, pans, pots, spoons, see EDD.
(s.v. Maslin, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>maslin</span>, also, <span class='it'>mestling</span> (NED.); OE. <span class='it'>mæs</span>(<span class='it'>t</span>)<span class='it'>ling</span>
(B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>masty,</span></span> a mastiff. Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 4 (Witgood); used
<span class='it'>fig.</span> of a cannon (from its noise). Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, iv. 1 (near the
end). In prov. use in the north (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>mastin</span>, a mastive (Cotgr.);
with change of suffix, cp. <span class='it'>haughty</span> (F. <span class='it'>hautain</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matachin,</span></span> a kind of sword-dancer in a fantastic costume; ‘They
looked upon one another as if they had been Matachines’, Luna’s Pursuit
(NED.); see Douce, Illustrations of Shakespeare, ii. 435, quotation in
Nares. Also, the dance performed by ‘matachins’, Webster, White
Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1
(Miramont); spelt <span class='it'>mattacina</span>, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 38). Span.
<span class='it'>matachin</span>, ‘a sword-dancer; as <span class='it'>dança de matachines</span>, a dance with swords,
in which they fence and strike at one another, as if they were in earnest;
receiving the blows on their bucklers, and keeping time’ (Stevens). Of
Arab. origin, see Dozy, 309.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matador,</span></span> the slayer of the bull in a Spanish bull-fight. Dryden,
Span. Friar, i. 2 (Elvira). Also, in the card-games of ombre and quadrille,
a ‘killing’ or principal card, Pope, Rape of the Lock, 321, 335; Etherege,
Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Medley). Span. <span class='it'>matador</span>, a killer; ‘At the game
of Hombre on the cards, there are four <span class='it'>Matadores</span>; that is, four murdering
cards; so called because they win all others’ (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matchecold,</span></span> machicolated; i.e. furnished with machicolations, which
are openings between the corbels that support a projecting parapet of a
tower; Morte Arthur, leaf 113, back; bk. vii, c. 10 (beginning). F. <span class='it'>maschecoulis</span>,
‘the stones over a gate resembling a grate through which offensive
things are thrown upon Pioneers and other assailants’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matchless,</span></span> of things that are not a match, or pair. Spenser, F. Q. iv.
1. 28.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mathe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mathe,</span></span> a maggot. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 18. 8, § 45; Caxton,
Reynard, xxviii (ed. Arber, 69). OE. <span class='it'>maða</span> (Voc. 205. 8). See <a href='#mad'><span class='bold'>mad</span>(<span class='bold'>de</span></a><span class='bold'>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matted,</span></span> dulled, deprived of lustre or gloss; ‘Oile colours matted’,
Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 12a (Appendix D. 116). See NED. (s.v. Mat,
vb. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='maugre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maugre,</span></span> to act in spite of, to defy. Webster, Appius, ii. 3 (App.
Claudius). F. <span class='it'>maugréer</span>, ‘to curse, ban, blaspheme, revile extreamly’
(Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#malgrado'>malgrado</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maukin;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#malkin'>malkin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maule,</span></span> a heavy hammer. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mall'>mall</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maumet;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mammet'>mammet</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maund,</span></span> to beg (Cant). ‘One that maunds Upon the pad’ [highway],
B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy Canter); ‘<span class='it'>Maunde</span>,
aske .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. <span class='it'>hygh pad</span>, hygh waye’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Maund on your
own pads’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Hence, <span class='it'>maunder</span>, a
beggar, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See EDD. (s.v. Maund,
vb.). OF. <span class='it'>mandier</span> (F. <span class='it'>mendier</span>), to beg (Bartsch), L. <span class='it'>mendicare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='maunder1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maunder,</span></span> to beg. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 1 (De Vitry); hence
<span class='it'>maunderer</span>: ‘a maunderer upon the pad’, a beggar on the road, Dekker
and Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Teareat).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maunder,</span></span> to grumble, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1 (Margarite). In
gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maundie,</span></span> a maundy-dole; hence, almsgiving. Herrick, Noble
Numbers (The Widow’s Teares), st. 3. ME. <span class='it'>maundee</span>, ‘maundy’, the washing
of the disciples’ feet (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 140, see note, p. 239); OF.
<span class='it'>mandé</span>,’ lavement des pieds’ (Didot); Eccles. L. <span class='it'>mandatum</span>, commandment
(Vulgate, John xiii. 34); ‘ablutio pedum’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mauther'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mauther,</span></span> a young girl. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril). Spelt
<span class='it'>moether</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17, st. 13. An E. Anglian word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maw,</span></span> a game at cards. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 1. 16; Chapman, Mayday,
Act v (Lodovico). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>may,</span></span> a maiden. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 39; Greene, Description
of the Shepherd, l. 57; ed. Dyce, p. 305. Of frequent occurrence in
Scottish Ballads, see EDD. (s.v. May, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>mai</span> (Cursor M. 3238);
OE. <span class='it'>mǣg</span>, a kinswoman, a maiden.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>May-game,</span></span> a mirthful spectacle (metaphorically). Ford, Lover’s
Melancholy, i. 2. 10. ‘May games’ were the dancings and merry-makings
round the May-pole, after the gathering of the May. See Stubbes, Anatomy
of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, pp. 149, 305); Herrick’s Hesperides (Corinna’s
going a-Maying), &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>May-lord,</span></span> a young man chosen to preside over May-day festivities.
Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Knight of the B. Pestle,
iv. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mayneal;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#menial'>menial</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maynure;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#maner'>maner</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mazard, mazzard,</span></span> the head. Hamlet, v. 1. 97; Othello, ii. 3. 155.
Spelt <span class='it'>mazer</span>, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 2 (Fustigo). A <span class='it'>fig.</span> use of
<span class='it'>mazer</span>, a bowl. See Dict., and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 183.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>mazard,</span> to knock on the head, kill; ‘If I had not been a spirit, I
had been mazarded’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin Goodfellow).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meach;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mich'>mich</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='meacock'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meacock,</span></span> an effeminate person, a coward; ‘A meacock wretch’, Tam.
Shrew, ii. 1. 315; spelt <span class='it'>mecocke</span>, ‘As stout as a stockefish, as meeke as
a mecocke’, Appius and Virginia (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mean,</span></span> in music, the tenor or middle part, Two Gent. i. 2. 95. In use
in Warwicksh. as late as 1850, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). Cp. It. <span class='it'>mezzano</span>,
‘a mean or countertenor in musick’, Florio. ME. <span class='it'>mene</span>, of songe,
‘Introcentus’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, ‘A <span class='it'>Meyne</span>, intercentus’ (Cath.
Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mean,</span></span> to lament, ‘moan’. Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 331. A north-country
word for uttering a moaning sound, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).
ME. <span class='it'>mene</span>, to bemoan (Cursor M. 18255). OE. <span class='it'>mǣnan</span>, to lament.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meane,</span></span> mien, look. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 11. Probably an aphetic
form of <span class='it'>demean</span>, see NED. (s.v. Mien).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mease'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mease,</span></span> a mess, portion of food. Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 2 (570);
p. 124, col. 2; a group of four, ‘A mease of men, <span class='it'>quatuor</span>’, Levins, Manip.
<span class='it'>Mease</span> is a Yorks. form of <span class='it'>mess</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Mess, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>mese</span>, ‘ferculum’
(Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>mees</span> of mete, ‘ferculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 286).
F. <span class='it'>més</span>, ‘a messe or service of meat’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#mess'>mess</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meath,</span></span> ‘mead’; a sweet drink made with honey. Drayton, Pol. iv.
112; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.); Milton, P. L. v. 345. ‘Meath’,
a drink made with honey, is in prov. use in Cheshire, Pembroke, Somerset,
and Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Mead, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='meaze'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meaze,</span></span> the ‘form’ of a hare. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#muse2'>muse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mechal,</span></span> adulterous. Only in Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (O. Ger.);
Rape of Lucrece, iv. 3 (Sextus). Gk. μοιχός, an adulterer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mecocke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#meacock'>meacock</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meddle, medle,</span></span> to mingle, mix. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 61; Shep. Kal.,
April, 68. OF. <span class='it'>medler</span>, <span class='it'>mesler</span> (F. <span class='it'>mêler</span>), to mix.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meech;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mich'>mich</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meered;</span></span> ‘He being the meered question’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 10.
Formation and sense doubtful; Schmidt explains: he being the only
cause and subject of the war.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meet,</span></span> to be even with; ‘I have heard of your tricks .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. I may live To
meet thee’, Fletcher, Hon. Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Montague); id., Rule
a Wife, v. 3 (Leon). Also, <span class='it'>to meet with</span>; ‘I’ll meet with you anon for interrupting
me so’, Marlowe, Faust, x; ‘I shall find time to meet with
them’, Englishmen for any Money, iii. 2 (Pisaro), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
x. 513. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meg,</span></span> a guinea. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum).
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meg-holly, by the,</span></span> a mild oath. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs);
vol. i, p. 40.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='meint'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meint, meynt,</span></span> mingled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 81; <span class='it'>ment</span>, F. Q.
v. 5. 12; vi. 6. 25. ‘Ment’ is obsolescent in the north country, see
EDD. (s.v. Ment, pp.). ME. <span class='it'>meynt</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>mengen</span> (Lydgate, Storie of
Thebes, 1260). OE. <span class='it'>mengan</span>, to mix. See Dict. M. and S.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='meiny'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meiny, meinie,</span></span> a body of retainers. King Lear, ii. 4. 35; the common
herd, Coriolanus, iii. 1. 65. Of freq. occurrence in north-country
ballad literature for a company of followers, also, a crowd, throng, multitude,
see EDD. (s.v. Menyie). ME. <span class='it'>meynè</span>, a household, family (Wyclif,
Acts iii. 25). OF. <span class='it'>maisnée</span>, ‘famille’ (La Curne), see Ducange (s.v. Maisnada).
A deriv. of L. <span class='it'>mansio</span> (an abode). See <span class='bold'><a href='#menial'>menial</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mell,</span></span> to meddle, to have to do with. All’s Well, iv. 3. 257; Spenser,
F. Q. v. 9. 1; v. 12. 35. In common prov. use in Scotland, also in Yorks.
and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. Mell, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1. to mingle, 2. to meddle). ME.
<span class='it'>melle</span>, to mix (Hampole, Ps. ix. 9). OF. <span class='it'>meller</span>, <span class='it'>mesler</span> (F. <span class='it'>mêler</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mell,</span></span> honey. Gascoigne, Works, i. 102; Herrick, Hesperides, Pray
and Prosper, 4. L. <span class='it'>mel</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='melocotone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>melocotone,</span></span> a peach grafted on a quince. Bacon, Essay 46; melicotton,
B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Winwife). Span. <span class='it'>melocoton</span>, Med. L.
<span class='it'>melum cotoneum</span>, Gk. μῆλον Κυδώνιον, ‘Cydonian apple’ (NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#malakatoon'>malakatoon</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>melotte,</span></span> a garment of skins, worn by monks. Skelton, Colyn Cloute,
866. L. <span class='it'>melota</span> (Vulgate); Gk. μηλωτή, a sheepskin; also, a skin of any
animal (Heb. xi. 37). See Prompt. EETS. 191 (and Latin Glossary,
p. 819).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='menial'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>menial,</span></span> a servant of the household; ‘The great Housekeeper of the
World .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. will never leave any of his menials without the bread of sufficiency’,
Bp. Hall, Balm Gilead, xii. § 4; <span class='it'>mayneal</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 215,
back, 35; bk. x, c. 11. See <span class='bold'><a href='#meiny'>meiny</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ment;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#meint'>meint</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>merce,</span></span> to ‘amerce’, to fine. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, i
(Sir Wil. Scarborow; l. 12 from end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>merchant,</span></span> a fellow, a chap. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 57; Romeo, ii. 4. 153;
Latimer, Serm., 115 (Nares). Phr. <span class='it'>to play the merchant with</span>, to get the
better of, to cheat, Rowley, Woman never Vext, iv. 1. 51.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mercify,</span></span> to pity. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 32.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mercurial finger,</span></span> the little finger. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle).
In chiromancy the little finger was assigned to Mercury.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>merds,</span></span> fæces, excrement. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). L.
<span class='it'>merda</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mere, mear,</span></span> a boundary, limit; spelt <span class='it'>meare</span>. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 46;
Drayton, Pol. xix. 405. Hence, <span class='it'>meer-stone</span>, Bacon, Essay 56, § 1. In gen.
prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mear). ME. <span class='it'>mere</span> (Prompt, EETS. 286). OE.
<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>mǣre</span>, boundary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mere, mear,</span></span> to mark out by means of ‘meres’; ‘The Latine name
Which mear’d her rule with Africa’, Spenser, Ruines Rome, xxii; <span class='it'>to mear
on</span>, to abut upon, border upon, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 520.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mere,</span></span> absolute, complete, unqualified, Merry Wives, iv. 5. 64; wholly,
completely, All’s Well, iii. 5. 58; Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 4. 9; <span class='it'>merely</span>,
absolutely, entirely, Temp. i. 1. 21; Hamlet, i. 2. 137.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meridian,</span></span> a period of repose at noon; ‘Ye, a meridian to lul him by
daylight’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 30. Monastic L. <span class='it'>meridiana</span>,
‘somnus meridianus’ (Ducange). Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>meriggiána</span>, ‘midday; a pleasant
shady place to feed, to rest, or sleep, and recreate in at noon, or in
the heat of the day’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mermaid,</span></span> a cant term for a courtesan. Massinger, Old Law, iv. 1
(Agatha).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>merrygall, merrygald,</span></span> a gall or sore produced by chafing; ‘Heales
a merrygald’, Turbervile, Hunting, p. 139; ‘Merry-gals and raw places’,
Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxi, c. 18; vol. ii. 101.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mesel,</span></span> a foul person; used as a term of abuse; spelt <span class='it'>messel</span>, London
Prodigal, ii. 4. 74; iv. 1. 78. In Devon and Somerset, <span class='it'>meazle</span> is used as a
term of abuse, meaning a filthy creature. ME. <span class='it'>mesel</span>, a leper (Wyclif,
Matt. x. 8). OF. <span class='it'>mesel</span> ‘lépreux’ (Didot); O. Prov. <span class='it'>mezel</span>, ‘lépreux’, <span class='it'>mezelia</span>,
‘lèpre’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mesprise,</span></span> contempt, scorn. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 39. F. <span class='it'>mespris</span>,
‘contempt, neglect’ (Cotgr.), deriv. of <span class='it'>mespriser</span>, to fail to appreciate. F.
<span class='it'>mépris</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mesprize'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mesprize,</span></span> mistake. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 19. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>mesprise</span>, error,
offence (Gower, Mirour, 1548). F. <span class='it'>méprise</span>, cp. <span class='it'>mesprendre</span>, to mistake (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mess'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mess,</span></span> a group of four persons or things; ‘Where are your mess of sons
to back you now?’, 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 73; L. L. L. iv. 3. 207; ‘There lacks a
fourth thing to make up the mess’, Latimer, Serm. v; ‘A mess of most
eminent men, Nicolaus Lyra .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Hieronymus de Sanctâ Fide .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Ludovicus
Carettus .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Emmanuel Tremellius’, Fuller, A Pisgah Sight, Pt. ii,
bk. 5; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, 393); Heywood, Witches of Lanc. i. 1
(Shakstone), in Wks. iv. 173. A ‘mess’ at the Inns of Court still consists
of four. See Trench, Select Glossary. See EDD. (s.v. Mess, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).
F. <span class='it'>més</span>, ‘a messe or service of meat’ (Cotgr ). Med. L. <span class='it'>missus</span> (Ducange).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#mease'>mease</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>messe:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>by the messe</span>, by the mass, used in oaths and asseverations.
Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2201; ‘By the Mes’, Hen. V, iii. 2. 122; also,
<span class='it'>mess</span> by itself, ‘Mess! I’d rather kiss these Gentlewomen’, Congreve,
Love for Love, iii. 3 (Ben). This asseveration is still in prov. use in
various forms in the north country: <span class='it'>By th’ mass</span> (Lanc.); <span class='it'>By th’ mess</span>
(Westm.); <span class='it'>Amess, Mess</span> (Cumb.), see EDD. (s.v. Mass, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3). F. <span class='it'>messe</span>,
the mass, the Eucharist.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>messling;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mastlin1'>mastlin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>met,</span></span> measure. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 333. A north-country word
for a measure, gen. a bushel, see EDD. (s.v. Mete). ME. <span class='it'>mette</span>, ‘mensura’
(Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>met</span>, ‘mensura, modius, satum’ (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mete'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mete,</span></span> to measure; <span class='it'>met</span>, pt. t., Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 327; <span class='it'>mete</span>, pp.
Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. ME. <span class='it'>meten</span> (Wyclif, Matt. vii. 2).
OE. <span class='it'>metan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>metely,</span></span> moderately; ‘Metely good’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii,
c. 16. OE. <span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>met ice</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>metereza,</span></span> mistress. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Sinquapace);
<span class='it'>metreza</span>, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). Neither French nor Italian,
but a mixture of the two (Nares). An alteration of F. <span class='it'>maîtresse</span>, with an
Italian termination.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>metoposcopy,</span></span> divination by observing the forehead. B. Jonson,
Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Gk. μέτωπο-ν, forehead; σκοπεῖν, to observe.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meuse;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#muse2'>muse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meve,</span></span> to move; ‘I meve or styrre from a place, <span class='it'>je meuve</span>’, Palsgrave;
Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; <span class='it'>meeve</span>, Damon and Pithias (Nares);
<span class='it'>mieve</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 26. ‘Meve’ is an E. Anglian form (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>mevyn</span>, ‘amoveo’ (Prompt.). OF. <span class='it'>moev-</span> (<span class='it'>meuv-</span>), stressed stem of <span class='it'>movoir</span>,
to move.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mew,</span></span> to moult. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell); Wildgoose
Chase, i. 1 (La Castre). F. <span class='it'>muer</span>; L. <span class='it'>mutare</span>, to change.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mew2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mew,</span></span> a coop for hawks; ‘Mewe for haukes, <span class='it'>meue</span>’, Palsgrave; a place
of confinement, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 20; ii. 5. 27 and 7. 19. F. <span class='it'>mue</span>, a
hawk’s mue or coop; <span class='it'>mue</span>, a change, the mewing of a hawk (Cotgr.), fr.
<span class='it'>muer</span>, ‘to change, to mew’ (ib.); L. <span class='it'>mutare</span>. Our word ‘mews’, for a
range of stabling, is derived from the <span class='it'>Mews</span> by Charing Cross, the name
of the place for the King’s horses, orig. the place for the king’s falcons
and the royal falconer. See Stow’s Survey of London (ed. Thoms, 167).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mew:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>knights of the mew</span>, knights of the cat-call; the least select
among an audience at a theatre. Marston, What you Will, Induction
(Doricus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mich'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mich,</span></span> to skulk, to lurk stealthily. Heywood, A Woman Killed (ed.
1874, ii. 113), spelt <span class='it'>meach</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune,
v. 2. 11; hence <span class='it'>micher</span>, a truant, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 450; a skulker, Beaumont
and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. Loveless); spelt <span class='it'>meecher</span>, Bonduca,
i. 2 (Petillius). ‘Mitch’ and ‘meech’ are in common prov. use (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>mychyn</span>, or stelyn prively smale thyngys, ‘surripio, furtulo’ (Prompt.
EETS. 301). Of Ger. origin, see Schade, Altdeutsches Wörterbuch (s.v.
mûhhan). See NED. (s.v. Miche).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miching malicho</span></span> (meaning quite uncertain), Hamlet, iii. 2. 148.
Textual variants are: <span class='it'>myching Mallico</span>, <span class='it'>munching Mallico</span>, <span class='it'>miching mallecho</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>migniard,</span></span> tender, delicate. B. Jonson. Devil an Ass, i. 2 (Fitz.).
F. <span class='it'>mignard</span>, ‘migniard, pretty, quaint; dainty, delicate’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>migniardise,</span></span> delicate attention. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1
(Picklock). F. <span class='it'>mignardise</span>, ‘quaintnesse .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. smooth or fair speech, kind
usage’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mill,</span></span> to steal or rob (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song);
see Harman, Caveat, p. 67.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mime,</span></span> a mimic, jester, pantomimist. B. Jonson, Epigrams, bk. i,
cxxix; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Gk. μῖμος.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mince,</span></span> to walk affectedly or primly. Merry Wives, v. 1. 9; <span class='it'>mincing</span>,
<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isa. iii. 16; <span class='it'>minsen</span>, pres. pl., Drayton, Pastorals, vii. 14. Also, to
perform mincingly, to parade, King Lear, iv. 6. 122. F. <span class='it'>mincer</span>, to mince,
to cut into small pieces (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minchen,</span></span> a nun. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 18, § 3. ‘<span class='it'>Mincheon
lane</span>, so called of .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. the <span class='it'>Minchuns</span>, or nuns of St. Helen’s’, Stow, Survey
of London (ed. Thoms, p. 50). OE. <span class='it'>mynecenu</span>, f. of <span class='it'>munuc</span>, a monk.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mind,</span></span> to mean, intend. Mids. Night’s D. v. 113; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1.
8, 64, 106, 140; Evelyn, Diary (May 21, 1645). In common prov. use, see
EDD. (s.v. Mind, vb. 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ming,</span></span> to mingle, mix. Surrey, Description of Spring, 11; in Tottel’s
Misc., p. 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>mynge</span>, to mix
(Wyclif, Rev. xviii. 6); OE. <span class='it'>mengan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minge,</span></span> to mention. Hall. Satires, IV. ii. 80 (Davies). In prov. use,
see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>mynge</span> (Pearl, 855); OE. <span class='it'>myn</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>)<span class='it'>gian</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minikin,</span></span> a playful or endearing term for a female. Glapthorne,
Hollander, ii (NED.). A Shropshire word for a delicate affected girl, see
EDD. (sv. Minikin, 3). Du. <span class='it'>minneken</span> (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minikin,</span></span> small, delicate; ‘One blast of thy minikin mouth’, King
Lear, iii. 6. 45. Cp. the Somerset phr. ‘Her was a poor little minnikin
thing’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minikin string,</span></span> the thin string of gut used for the treble of the lute
or viol, Ascham, Tox. 28. Hence, phr. <span class='it'>to tickle the minikin</span>, to play on the
treble string, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Gerardine); a <span class='it'>minikin-tickler</span>,
a fiddler, Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Albano).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minim,</span></span> a note, a part of a song or lay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 28.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miniments,</span></span> ‘muniments’, valuable belongings. Spenser, F. Q.
iv. 8. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minion,</span></span> a darling, a favourite, esp. in a contemptuous sense, a mistress,
a paramour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; ‘A minion wyfe’, a neat, pretty wife,
Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 86); the name of a small kind of ordnance,
Whitelocke, Memorials (ed. 1853, i. 273); Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3. 6.
F. <span class='it'>mignon</span>, ‘a minion, favourite, wanton, darling; also, minion, dainty,
neat’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minth,</span></span> the plant called mint. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Flora).
Gk. μίνθα.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mint-man,</span></span> one skilled in coinage. Bacon, Essay 20, § 7.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minx,</span></span> a pert girl, hussy. Congreve, Love for L., ii. 1; a wanton
woman, Dryden, Limberham, i. 1; ‘<span class='it'>Magalda</span>, a trull or minxe’, Florio;
<span class='it'>Mistress Minx</span>, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (Faustus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minx,</span></span> a pet dog. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 140.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mirador,</span></span> gallery to gaze from, balcony. Dryden, Conquest of
Granada, I. i. 1 (Abdelmelech). Span. <span class='it'>mirador</span>, a balcony (Stevens). See
Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mischief,</span></span> misfortune, disaster. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 76; Much Ado,
i. 3. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misconster,</span></span> to misconstrue. Shirley, Love in a Maze, ii. 1. 8. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#conster'>conster</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miscreaunce,</span></span> misbelief, false belief. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 51; Shep.
Kal., May, 91. F. <span class='it'>mescreance</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misdeem,</span></span> to judge amiss of, to think evil of. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 49;
iii. 10. 29; Milton, P. R. i. 424; to judge amiss, id., P. L. ix. 301.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misken,</span></span> a ‘mixen’, a manure-heap. Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 1
(Toby). A west-midland pronunc. of <span class='it'>mixen</span> (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miskin,</span></span> a little bagpipe. Drayton, Pastorals, ii. 5. A dimin. (through
Dutch?) of OF. <span class='it'>muse</span>, a bagpipe, cp. F. <span class='it'>musette</span>, a little bagpipe (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misprise,</span></span> to mistake; ‘Misprise me not’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered,
iii. 3 (Maximilian). See <span class='bold'><a href='#mesprize'>mesprize</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mister1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mister:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>what mister wight</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 23; iii. 7. 14, i.e.
a man of what ‘mister’ (occupation), or, a man of what class, what kind
of a man. The idiom occurs as an archaism in Spenser, borrowed from
Chaucer, ‘But telleth me what mister men ye been’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1710). So
we find, <span class='it'>what mister thing</span>, what kind of thing, Beaumont and Fl., Little
French Lawyer, ii. 3. 19; <span class='it'>such myster saying</span>, such a kind of saying, Shep.
Kal., Sept., 103. <span class='it'>Mister</span> (or <span class='it'>mester</span>) is very common in ME. in the sense of
office, employment, business. OF. <span class='it'>mestier</span> (F. <span class='it'>métier</span>); Med. L. <span class='it'>misterium</span>,
for <span class='it'>ministerium</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mister,</span></span> to be necessary or needful; ‘As for my name, it mistreth not
to tell’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 51. From <span class='it'>mister</span>, need, necessity, want; cp.
Scottish proverb, ‘Mister maks man o’ craft’, Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn,
250); Ferguson, Proverbs (ed. 1641, p. 24). See EDD. (s.v. Mister, vb. 1
and 3). ME. <span class='it'>mistere</span>, need (Cursor M. 3247); OF. (Norman) <span class='it'>mestier</span>, ‘besoin,
nécessité’ (Moisy). The same word as <span class='bold'><a href='#mister1'>mister</a>,</span> above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mistery,</span></span> occupation, profession. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 221. ME.
<span class='it'>misterye</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 890); Med. L. <span class='it'>misterium</span>, ‘officium’ (Ducange).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#mister1'>mister</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mistress,</span></span> the small bowl, or jack, in the game of bowls. Middleton,
No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 3 (Mis. Low.); cp. ‘His bias was towards my
mistress’, Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Brains); cp. A Woman never
vext, iv. 1 (Lambskin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='misured'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misured,</span></span> ill-omened, fatal; ‘O foule mysuryd ground, Whereon he
gat his finall dedely wounde’, Skelton, Dethe of Erle of Northumberland,
118. Cp. OF. <span class='it'>meseur</span>, ‘malheur’ (Godefroy); <span class='it'>meseurus</span>, ‘malheureux’ (Chron.
des ducs de Normandie, in Didot). See <span class='bold'><a href='#eure'>eure</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mite,</span></span> a small coin of very small value; used in negative phrases for
a thing of little worth; ‘The price falleth not one mite’, More’s Utopia
(ed. Arber, 42). Hence <span class='it'>miting</span>: ‘Nat worthe a mytyng’, not worth a mite,
Skelton, Poems against Garnesche, iii. 115. ME. <span class='it'>myte</span>: ‘Noght worth
a myte’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1558). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mithridate,</span></span> a compound regarded as an antidote against all poisons.
Fletcher, Valentinian, v. 2 (Val.); Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 4
(Adorni). Named from Mithridates, king of Pontus, who was said to have
been proof against poison owing to his constant use of antidotes. See
Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miting,</span></span> a diminutive creature; freq. used as a term of endearment or
contempt, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 224. ME. <span class='it'>mytyng</span> (Towneley Myst. xii.
477).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mixt,</span></span> to mix; ‘<span class='it'>I myxte</span>, or myngell’, Palsgrave; pres. pt., <span class='it'>mixting</span>,
Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 13, § 4. Hence <span class='it'>mixt</span>, a mixture; ‘A mixt of
both’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 9 (ed. Arber, 97). From the L.
pp. <span class='it'>mixtus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mo, moe,</span></span> orig. used as adv.; ‘Gent’lest fair, mourne, mourne no moe’
(mourn no more), Fletcher, Q. Corinth, iii. 2 (Song); <span class='it'>the moe</span>, the majority,
the greater part, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 15 (ed. Arber, 48); <span class='it'>mo</span>, more in
number, ‘mo tymes’, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 7); ‘Infinite moe .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. He
there beheld’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 63. ME. <span class='it'>mo</span>, adj., more in number, adv.,
any longer (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>mā</span>; Goth. <span class='it'>mais</span>, more (adv.). See Wright’s
OE. Gram. § 252.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mobble, moble,</span></span> to muffle up one’s head or face; also, with <span class='it'>up</span>; ‘<span class='it'>Mobled</span>
queen’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 524; <span class='it'>mobble up</span>, Shirley, Gent. of Venice, v. 3
(Florelli). A Warw. and Shropsh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Moble).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mobile,</span></span> mob; ‘The mobile’, Dryden, Pref. to Don Sebastian, § 2; id.,
i. 1 (near the end); iv. 2 (end). Common from ab. 1676 to 1700; shortened
to <span class='it'>mobb</span>, <span class='it'>c.</span> 1688. It represents the L. <span class='it'>mobile vulgus</span>, the inconstant
crowd. See Dict. (s.v. Mob), and Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mockado,</span></span> a kind of cloth much used for clothing; ‘Who would not
thinke it a ridiculous thing to see a Lady in her milke-house with a velvet
gowne, and at a bridall in her cassock of mockado’, Puttenham, Eng.
Poesie (ed. Arber, 290); Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Guzman); Lodge, Wit’s
Miserie, 14. A quasi-Spanish form from F. <span class='it'>moucade</span>, ‘the stuffe moccadoe’
(Cotgr.). Of Arab. origin, see NED. (s.v. Mohair), and Thomas, <span class='it'>Essais</span>
(s.v. Camoiard).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moder, modere,</span></span> to moderate, restrain. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 6,
back, 18; Sir T. More, Works, p. 882, col. 2. OF. <span class='it'>moderer</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>modern,</span></span> ordinary, commonplace, common; in a depreciatory sense.
As You Like It, ii. 7. 156; Macbeth, iv. 3. 170. The only Shakespearian
sense; peculiarly Elizabethan.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mo'>mo</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='moil1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moil, moyle,</span></span> a ‘mule’. Ford, Fancies, ii. 2; More’s Utopia (ed.
Lumby, 51); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Welford). Common
in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Moyle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='moil2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moil, moyle,</span></span> a kind of slipper or shoe; ‘Moyles of velvet to save thy
shooes of lether’, J. Heywood, Prov. and Epigr. (ed. 1867, 214); ‘<span class='it'>Moiles</span>,
a kind of high-soled shoes, worn in ancient times by Kings and great
Persons’, Phillips; spelt <span class='it'>mule</span>, ‘He had ane pair of mules on his feit’,
Spalding, Troubles of Charles I (NED.). F. <span class='it'>mules</span>, ‘moyles, pantofles,
high slippers’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>muylen</span>, pantoffles (Hexham). Med. L.
<span class='it'>mula</span>, ‘crepida’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moil, moyle,</span></span> to wet; to soil, make dirty. Turbervile, Hunting, 33;
to defile, Spenser, Hymn Heavenly Love, 220; to toil, work hard, drudge,
Bacon, Essay, Plantations; to weary, fatigue, harass, Stanyhurst, tr.
Aeneid, i (ed. Arber, 27). In common prov. use in many senses, to plaster
with mud, to soil, defile, to work hard, to worry, see EDD. (s.v. Moil, vb.).
F. <span class='it'>mouiller</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mold,</span></span> a ‘mole’, spot, blemish. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mould'>mould</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mollipuff;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mullipuff'>mullipuff</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mome,</span></span> a blockhead. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 32; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49;
Levins, Manipulus; Drayton, Skeltoniad, p. 1373; Mirror for Mag. 466;
Dekker, Gull’s Horne-bk. 5; Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 2. 5. Dialect of
Geneva <span class='it'>mome</span>, ‘sot, nigaud’; cp. F. (argot) <span class='it'>mome</span>, ‘garçon’ (Sainéan, p. 206).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Momtanish</span></span> (?); ‘And this your momtanish inhumanytye’, Sir
T. More, ii. 4. 162. Dr. H. Bradley conjectures <span class='it'>Moritanish</span> (i.e. Moorish).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moniment,</span></span> memorial, anything by which a thing may be remembered.
Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 38; ii. 10. 56; used of dints on a shield, F. Q. ii. 12. 80;
of an inscription stamped on coin, F. Q. ii. 7. 5. L. <span class='it'>monimentum</span>, deriv. of
<span class='it'>monere</span>, to remind.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Monmouth cap,</span></span> a flat round cap formerly worn by soldiers and sailors,
Hen. V, iv. 7. 104; Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 2) (Touchstone). Also, <span class='it'>monmouth</span>,
Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>monomachy,</span></span> single combat. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Enceladus);
vol. iii, p. 50. Gk. μονομαχία; deriv. of μονομάχος, fighting alone.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>monster,</span></span> a prodigy, wonder, divine omen. Phaer, Aeneid ii, 680
(L. <span class='it'>mirabile monstrum</span>); id., iii. 26.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>montant</span></span> (a fencing term), an upright blow or thrust. Merry Wives,
ii. 3. 27; <span class='it'>montanto</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil).
F. <span class='it'>montant</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>month:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to have a month’s mind</span>, to have an inclination, a fancy,
a liking. Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 464); ‘<span class='it'>Tu es bien engrand de trotter</span>, Thou
hast a moneths mind to be gone’, Cotgrave; Pepys, Diary, May 20, 1660.
In prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Month, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3 (b)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>monthly,</span></span> madly; after the manner of a lunatic. Only in Middleton,
Roaring Girl, v. 2 (Moll).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moodeles, modeless,</span></span> unmeasured, vast, huge; Mirror for Mag.,
Morindus, st. 17. Frequent in Greene (NED.). From <span class='it'>mode</span>, measure,
size, manner, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moon,</span></span> a fit of frenzy; ‘I know ’twas but some peevish Moone in him’,
C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii (Duke).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mooncalf'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mooncalf,</span></span> a false conception, imperfect foetus; hence, monstrosity.
Tempest, ii. 2. 111; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); Drayton,
The Mooncalf. Cp. G. <span class='it'>mondkalb</span>, ‘ungestalte Missgeburt’ (Weigand).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moonling,</span></span> a mooncalf, silly fellow. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3
(Wit.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mooting-night,</span></span> a night at the Inns of Court, when imaginary cases
at law are discussed by the students. Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 5
(Song, verse 2). See Dict. (s.v. Moot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mooting-time,</span></span> the moulting season. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 120. In
prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mout). ME. <span class='it'>mowtyn</span>, as fowlys, ‘deplumeo’
(Prompt.); cp. Du. <span class='it'>muyten</span>, ‘to mue as hawkes doe’ (Hexham); Low G.
<span class='it'>muten</span> (G. <span class='it'>mausen</span>), to moult (Berghaus); L. <span class='it'>mutare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mop,</span></span> a grimace, Temp. iv. 1. 47; to make grimaces, King Lear, iv. 1. 64;
‘To moppe, maw, <span class='it'>movere labia</span>’, Levins, Manip.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moppe</span></span> (see quot.); ‘I called her (the young lady) Moppe .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Understanding
by this word, a litle prety Lady, or tender young thing. For so
we call litle fishes that be not come to full growth, as whiting moppes,
gurnard moppes’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, 229). Cp. ME.
<span class='it'>moppe</span>, ‘pupa’ (Prompt. EETS. 292).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moppet,</span></span> a term of endearment applied to a child or a young girl,
Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2 (end); The Spectator, no. 277. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>more,</span></span> the root of a tree or plant; a plant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 10.
A west-country word from Worc. to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. More).
ME. <span class='it'>more</span>, root (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 25). OE. <span class='it'>more</span>, <span class='it'>moru</span>, an edible root,
a carrot, parsnip (B. T.), cp. G. <span class='it'>möhre</span>, a carrot.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morelle,</span></span> a dark-coloured horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 11; i. 24,
l. 17. ME. <span class='it'>morel</span>, hors (Prompt. EETS. 293). Norm. F. <span class='it'>morel</span>, <span class='it'>cheval morel</span>,
‘cheval noir’ (Moisy). F. <span class='it'>morel</span>, <span class='it'>moreau</span>, <span class='it'>cheval moreau,</span> a black horse
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morfound,</span></span> a disease in horses, sheep, &amp;c., due to taking a chill. Spelt
<span class='it'>morfounde</span>, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. Palsgrave has: ‘I morfonde, as
a horse dothe that waxeth styffe by taking of a sodayne colde.’ F. <span class='it'>se
morfondre</span>, to take cold (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Morglay,</span></span> the name of the sword belonging to Sir Bevis, Drayton,
Polyolbion, ii. 332; used allusively for a sword, Beaumont and Fl.,
Honest Man’s Fortune, i. 1 (Longueville); Stanyhurst, Aeneid, ii
(Arber, 60); Cleaveland’s Poems (Nares). We may perhaps compare
<span class='it'>claymore</span> (<span class='it'>glaymore</span>), see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Morian'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Morian,</span></span> of the Moorish race, pertaining to the Moors; a Moor; <span class='it'>the
Moryans land</span>, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. lxviii. 31 (rendering of ‘Aethiopia’
in Vulgate); <span class='it'>the Morians londe</span>, Coverdale (1535), ib.; cp. Luther’s rendering,
<span class='it'>Mohrenland</span>, land of the Moors. See Bible Word-Book. OF. <span class='it'>Morien</span>
(NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Murrian'>Murrian</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morigeration,</span></span> deference, obsequiousness. Bacon, Adv. of Learning,
i. 3. 10; Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. V, p. 29. L. <span class='it'>morigeratio</span>, compliance.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='morisco'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morisco,</span></span> a morris-dance. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, v. 2. 7. Also,
a morris-dancer, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 365. Properly, a Moorish dance; see
Stanford. Span. <span class='it'>morisco</span>, a man descended from Moors or converted from
them (Stevens). See <span class='bold'><a href='#morris-pike'>morris-pike</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mornifle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mornifle;</span></span> ‘Mornyfle, a maner of play, <span class='it'>mornifle</span>’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>mornifle</span>,
a trick at cards (Cotgr.); ‘réunion de quatre cartes semblables’
(Hatzfeld). <span class='it'>Mornifle</span> also meant a cuff, a blow: ‘<span class='it'>donner mornifle</span>, c’est-à-dire
un soufflet’ (Oudin, 1640); see Sainéan, L’Argot ancien, p. 206. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#mournival'>mournival</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morphew,</span></span> a disease of the skin; ‘<span class='it'>Morféa</span>, the morphew in some womens
faces’, Florio; ‘Morfewe, a sickenesse’, Palsgrave. Hence, <span class='it'>morphewed</span>,
afflicted with the disease, Webster, Duchess of Malfi, ii. 1 (Bosola). ME.
<span class='it'>morfu</span>, ‘morphea’ (Prompt.). Med. L. <span class='it'>morfea</span>, ‘cutis foedacio maculosa’
(Sin. Bart.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morpion,</span></span> a kind of louse. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. <span class='it'>morpion</span>, a crab-louse
(Cotgr.); cp. Rabelais, II. xxvii; deriv. of <span class='it'>mordre</span> + <span class='it'>pion</span>, ‘ce pou ayant
infesté surtout les anciens corps d’infanterie’ (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='morris-pike'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morris-pike,</span></span> a form of pike supposed to be of Moorish origin, Com.
Errors, iv. 3. 28; <span class='it'>morispike</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 67). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#morisco'>morisco</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mort1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mort</span></span> (a hunting term). The note sounded on a horn at the death of
the deer, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 118; ‘He that bloweth the Mort before the
fall of the Buck’, Greene, Card of Fancie (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mort2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mort</span></span> (Cant), a girl or woman. B. Jonson, Gypsies Met. 65; a female
vagabond, harlot, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Later, written
<span class='it'>mott</span> (<span class='it'>mot</span>), London slang for a woman of the town, see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mortar:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to fly to Rome with a mortar on one’s head</span>, app. a legendary
achievement of some wizard; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto);
Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 2 (Clown); Kemp, Nine Daies Wonder,
Ep. Ded. (NED.). F. <span class='it'>mortier</span>, ‘a morter to bray things in’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mortmal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mortmal, mormal,</span></span> an inflamed sore, esp. on the leg; ‘The old
mortmal on his shin’, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Maudlin); ‘Mormall,
a sore, <span class='it'>loup</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>mormale</span>, ‘malum mortuum’ (Prompt.).
OF. <span class='it'>mortmal</span>; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>malum mortuum</span>, ‘morbi genus pedum et tibiarum’
(Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#marmoll'>marmoll</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mort-pays,</span></span> the taking of the King’s pay by a captain in service for
men who were dead or discharged; ‘The severe punishing of mort-pays’,
Bacon, Hist. Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 93). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dead'>dead pay</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>most an end,</span></span> generally, usually; continually. Massinger, A Very
Woman, iii. 1 (Merchant). <span class='it'>Honest</span> (addressing <span class='it'>Greatheart</span>): ‘Knew him!
I was a great companion of his; I was with him most an end’; Bunyan,
Pilgrim’s Progress, Pt. II. In common prov. use from Yorks. to E. Anglia,
see EDD. (s.v. Most, 7, 2a).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mot, motte,</span></span> a word, saying, motto, proverb. Rape of Lucrece, 830;
‘To gull him with a motte’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2
(E. Knowell). F. <span class='it'>mot</span>, a word.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mote,</span></span> a note of a horn or bugle. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 20 (bk. vii,
ch. 8); ‘Mote, blaste of a horne’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>mot</span>, Chevy Chace, 16; <span class='it'>mott</span>,
Turbervile, Hunting, 86. ME. <span class='it'>moote</span> of an horne, blowyng (Prompt. EETS.
294, see note, no. 1431). F. <span class='it'>mot</span>, ‘the note winded by an huntsman on his
horn’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mote2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mote,</span></span> a pleading in a law-court. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14,
§ 7. OE. <span class='it'>mōtian</span>, to address a meeting, to discuss, ‘moot a question’
(B. T.). See Dict. (s.v. Moot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mote,</span></span> may, must; ‘I mote dye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 34. 9; bk. i, c. 20;
‘Now <span class='it'>mote</span> ye understand’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 46. ME. <span class='it'>mot</span>, <span class='it'>moot</span>, pres.
(I or he) may, must; <span class='it'>moten</span>, <span class='it'>mote</span>, pl.; <span class='it'>moste</span>, pt. t. OE. <span class='it'>mōt</span>, (I, he) may;
<span class='it'>mōst</span>, 2 sing.; <span class='it'>mōton</span>, pl.; <span class='it'>mōste</span>, pt. t.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mother,</span></span> a young girl. Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, iii. 2 (Franio).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#mauther'>mauther</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mother, the,</span></span> hysteria. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront);
King Lear, ii. 4. 56.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mothering'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mothering,</span></span> the custom of visiting one’s mother, and giving and
receiving of presents of food, &amp;c., on Mid-Lent Sunday; ‘Thou go’st a-mothering’,
Herrick, To Dianeme, A Ceremonie in Gloucester. See EDD.
(s.v. Mothering) for accounts of the customs connected with ‘Mothering
Sunday’ (Mid-Lent Sunday) in various parts of England from Yorks. to
Devon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moting,</span></span> mooting; i.e. discussion, debate. Skelton, Colyn Cloute,
1075. ME. <span class='it'>motyng</span>, or pletynge, ‘placitatio’ (Prompt. EETS. 294). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#mote2'>mote</a></span> (a pleading).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>motion,</span></span> a puppet-show. Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 103; a puppet, Two
Gent. ii. 1. 100; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, v. 3. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mott,</span></span> measured; pt. t. of <span class='bold'><a href='#mete'>mete</a></span> (q.v.). Spenser, Colin Clout, 365. See
NED. (s.v. Mete, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>motte;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mot'>mot</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouch,</span></span> to act by stealth; to idle and loaf about, Webster, Sir T. Wyatt
(Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. See <span class='it'>Mooch</span> in NED. and EDD. The word is in
gen. prov. use in the British Isles and in Australia.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mouchatoes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouchatoes,</span></span> moustaches. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Juliffe). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#mutchado'>mutchado</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mought,</span></span> a moth; ‘Mought that eates clothes, <span class='it'>ver de drap</span>’, Palsgrave.
Hence <span class='it'>moughte-eaten</span>, ‘Olde and moughte-eaten lawes’, More’s Utopia (ed.
Lumby, 53). ME. <span class='it'>mouȝte</span> (Wyclif, Matt. vi. 19); <span class='it'>moghte</span>, ‘tinea’ (Cath.
Angl.); OE. <span class='it'>mohða</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mought,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> might. Bacon, Essays (very common, see Abbott’s ed.,
Index); Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 42. ME. <span class='it'>maht</span>, 2 pr. s.; <span class='it'>mahte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>mæi</span>, (I,
he) may; OE. <span class='it'>meaht</span>, 2 pr. s.; <span class='it'>meahte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>mæg</span>, (I, he) may, can.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mould'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mould,</span></span> a ‘<span class='it'>mole</span>’, a spot on the skin, birthmark. Gascoigne, Supposes,
v. 5 (Cleander); <span class='it'>mold</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See Dict. (s.v. Mould, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouldwarp,</span></span> the mole, ‘talpa’; <span class='it'>moldwarp</span>, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 148;
Spenser, Colin Clout, 763. In gen. prov. use in the north country, Midlands,
and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Mouldywarp). ME. <span class='it'>moldewarpe</span>, ‘talpa’
(Cath. Angl.); cp. Dan. <span class='it'>muldvarp</span>, Norw. dial. <span class='it'>moldvarp</span> (Aasen), G. <span class='it'>maulwurf</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mount cent, mount saint,</span></span> a game at cards resembling piquet;
probably the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#cent'>cent</a></span> (q.v.), Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Queen). Prob.
from <span class='it'>mount</span>, i.e. amount, and <span class='it'>cent</span>, one hundred. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mountenance,</span></span> amount of space, distance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 18;
iii. 11. 20; v. 6. 36. ME. <span class='it'>mowntenawnce</span> (Prompt.); <span class='it'>montenance</span>, amount
(Cursor M. 29166).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mournival'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mournival,</span></span> a set of four aces, kings, queens, or knaves in one hand.
Cotton Gamester, 68; hence, a set of four (things or persons), B. Jonson,
Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth); <span class='it'>murnival</span>, Greene’s Tu Quoque, in Ancient
Eng. Drama, ii. 551. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mornifle'>mornifle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouse,</span></span> a term of endearment. Hamlet, iii. 4. 183; Middleton,
Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Openwork).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouse-hunt,</span></span> a woman hunter. Romeo iv. 4. 11. This is prob. a <span class='it'>fig.</span>
use of <span class='it'>mouse-hunt</span>, a weasel, ‘The Ferrets and Moushunts of an Index’,
Milton (Wks., ed. 1851, iii. 81); spelt <span class='it'>musehont</span>, Caxton, Reynard (ed.
Arber, 79). ‘Mouse-hunt’ (‘Mouse-hound’) is in prov. use in E. Anglia
for the smallest animal of the weasel tribe. See EDD. (s.v. Mouse, 1,
(7) and (8)). M. Du. <span class='it'>muyshont</span>, or <span class='it'>muushont</span>, a weasel, lit. ‘a mouse-hound’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mowe,</span></span> to be able; ‘They shalle not mowe helpe, they shall not be
able to help’, Morte Arthur, leaf 61, back, 26; bk. iv, c. 3. ME. <span class='it'>mow</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>)<span class='it'>n</span>,
‘posse’ (Prompt. EETS. 302); see Chaucer (Tr. and Cr. ii. 1594). See
Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Mæi).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mowe,</span></span> to make grimaces; ‘I mow with the mouth, I mock one,
<span class='it'>Je fays la moue</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘Apes that moe and chatter’, Tempest, ii. 2. 9;
<span class='it'>mowing</span>, making grimaces, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mowes,</span></span> grimaces, ‘Making mowes at me’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span> (1539), Ps. xxxv. 15;
Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; Cymbeline, i. 6. 41. ME. <span class='it'>mow</span>, or scorne, ‘valgia’
(Prompt. EETS. 294). F. <span class='it'>moue</span>, a moe, ‘an ill-favoured extension or
thrusting out of the lips’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mowles,</span></span> broken chilblains in the heels. Dunbar, Poems (ed. Small,
ii. 128). See EDD. (s.v. Mool), and Jamieson (s.v. Mules). ME. <span class='it'>mowle</span>,
‘pernio’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>mowle</span>, sore, ‘pustula, pernio’ (Prompt. EETS. 295,
see note, no. 1439). F. <span class='it'>mule</span>, ‘a kibe; <span class='it'>aller sur mule</span>: Il va sur mule aussi
bien que le Pape (an equivocation, applicable to one that hath kibed
heels)’; see Cotgrave. Cp. Du. <span class='it'>muyle</span>, a kibe (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moy,</span></span> an imaginary name of coin, evolved by Pistol out of his prisoner’s
speech; ‘Ayez pitié de <span class='it'>moi</span>! Moy shall not serve; I will have forty
moys’, &amp;c., Hen. V, iv. 4. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moyle,</span></span> a variety of apple; ‘Of Moyle, or Mum, or Treacle’s viscous
juice’, J. Philips, Cider, bk. i. (Perhaps the word means a hybrid; cp.
<span class='it'>moyle</span>, a mule.) See <span class='bold'><a href='#gennet-moyl'>genet-moyl</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moyle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#moil1'>moil</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muccinigo,</span></span> a small coin formerly current in Venice, worth about 9<span class='it'>d.</span>
B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1; iv. 1; Shirley, Gent. Venice, i. 1 (Cornari).
Ital. ‘<span class='it'>mocenigo</span>, a coyn in Venice; also the name of a considerable family
there’ (Florio). The coin was named from Tommaso Mocenigo, doge of
Venice, 1413-23. See NED. (s.v. Moccenigo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>much!,</span></span> a contemptuous exclamation of denial. <span class='it'>Much</span> = <span class='it'>much of that!</span>,
ironically; i.e. far from it, by no means. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 143; Marston,
Malcontent, ii. 2 (Celso), <span class='it'>Much wench!</span> i.e. no wench at all, B. Jonson,
Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brain-worm).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muck;</span></span> in Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1188. <span class='it'>To run amuck</span>, to run
about in a frenzy, is a phrase due to the Malay <span class='it'>āmuq</span>, ‘rushing in a state
of frenzy to the commission of indiscriminate murder’ (Marsden). Dryden
took the <span class='it'>a</span> in <span class='it'>amuck</span> to be the E. indef. article; and reproduced the phrase
in the curious form—<span class='it'>runs an Indian muck</span>. See Stanford (s.v. Amuck).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muckinder,</span></span> a handkerchief. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Turfe);
Fletcher, Captain, iii. 5 (Fabricio); ‘Mockendar for chyldre, <span class='it'>mouchouer</span>’,
Palsgrave. In prov. use in many parts of England from the north country
to Kent and Dorset in various forms; <span class='it'>muckinder</span>, <span class='it'>muckender</span>, <span class='it'>muckinger</span>,
<span class='it'>muckenger</span> (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>mokedore</span>, ‘sudarium’ (Voc. 614. 25), O. Prov.
<span class='it'>mocadour</span> (mod. <span class='it'>moucadour</span>), a handkerchief, Span. <span class='it'>mocador</span>, F. <span class='it'>mouchoir</span>;
deriv. of <span class='it'>moucher</span>, ‘débarrasser des mucosités que sécrète la muqueuse
nasale’ (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muffler,</span></span> (1) a wrapper worn by women and covering the face; (2) a
cloth for blindfolding a person. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73; Fletcher, Night-walker,
ii. 2 (near the end); 2 Hen. V, iii. 6. 32.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mugwet,</span></span> the intestines of an animal; ‘The gatherbagge or Mugwet
of a yong harte’, Turbervile, Hunting, 39. ‘Mugget’ is in prov. use in
Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall for sheep or calf’s intestines; see EDD.
See NED. (s.v. Mugget).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mule:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to ride upon a mule</span>, to be a great lawyer. B. Jonson, Ev.
Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Carlo); <span class='it'>to shoe one’s mule</span>, to help oneself out of
the funds trusted to one’s management, History of Francion (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mule;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#moil2'>moil</a></span> (a slipper).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullar,</span></span> a ‘muller’, a stone with a flat base, held in the hand and used,
in conjunction with a grinding-stone or slab, in grinding painters’ colours.
Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, p. 136. F. <span class='it'>moulleur</span>, a grinder (Cotgr.);
deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>moldre</span>, L. <span class='it'>molere</span>, to grind.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullet,</span></span> the rowel of a spur; a mullet, in heraldry. Shirley, Love in
a Maze, i. 1 (Simple). F. <span class='it'>molette d’esperon</span>, the rowel of a spur (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullets,</span></span> pincers or tweezers. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2
(Amorphus). F. <span class='it'>mollette</span>, ‘a mullet, a nipper, a pincer’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mullipuff'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullipuff, mollipuff,</span></span> the puff-ball, or fuzz-ball. Shirley, St. Patrick,
v. 1 (2 Soldier). See NED. (s.v. Mullipuff), and EDD. (s.v. Mully-puff).
‘Mully’ in Norfolk is used for mouldy, powdery, see EDD. (s.v. Mull,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). Norw. dial. <span class='it'>moll</span>, mould (Aasen), Swed. <span class='it'>mull</span> (Widegren).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullwine,</span></span> mulled wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3. 9. See Dict. (s.v.
Mulled).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mumbudget,</span></span> a word used to insist upon silence; ‘I cry .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. <span class='it'>mum</span>; she
cries <span class='it'>budget</span>’, Merry Wives, v. 2. 6; ‘Quoth she, <span class='it'>Mum budget</span>’, Butler, Hud.
i. 3. 208; ‘<span class='it'>Mumbudget</span>, not a word!’, Look about You, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
vii. 420.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mumchance,</span></span> the name of a game, both at dice and at cards. Westward
Ho, ii. 2 (with allusion to <span class='it'>bones</span>, i.e. dice); B. Jonson, Alchemist,
v. 2 (Subtle); Barth. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). Played in silence; whence the
name.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mumchance,</span></span> one who has nothing to say, a ‘dummy’. Plautus
made English (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England, esp. in
the west country, for a stupid, silent, stolid person.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mummia, mummy,</span></span> a preparation used in medicine, chiefly from
the substance with which Egyptian mummies were preserved. Webster,
White Devil (beginning, Gasparo), ed. Dyce, p. 5; id. (Isabella), p. 15;
Beaumont and Fl., iii. 1 (Galoshio). See Dict. (s.v. Mummy), and Stanford
(s.v. Mummia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mump,</span></span> to overreach, to cheat; ‘Mump your proud players’, Buckingham,
The Rehearsal, ii. 2 (Bayes); ‘Mump’d of his snip’ (i.e. cheated of
his portion), Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 2 (Ranger); Gent. Dancing-master,
iv. 1 (Mrs. Caution). In prov. use in the west country, see EDD.
(s.v. Mump, vb.<sup>1</sup> 10). Du. <span class='it'>mompen</span>, ‘to mump, cheat’ (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mump,</span></span> to make grimaces, to screw up the mouth. Otway, Venice
Preserved, ii. 1 (Pierre); D’Urfey, Pills, vi. 198; a grimace, ‘<span class='it'>Monnoye de
singe</span>, moes, mumps’, Cotgrave. ‘To mump’ is used in Northamptonsh.
in the sense of drawing in the lips, screwing up the mouth with a smile:
‘She mumps up her mouth, she knows something’, see EDD. (s.v.
Mump, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mumpsimus.</span></span> [In allusion to the story of an illiterate English
priest, who when corrected for reading ‘quod in ore <span class='it'>mumpsimus</span>’ in the
Mass, replied ‘I will not change my old <span class='it'>mumpsimus</span> for your new <span class='it'>sumpsimus</span>’
(NED.).] One who obstinately adheres to old ways in spite of the
clearest evidence that they are wrong, an old fogey, Underhill in Narr.
Reform. (Camden Soc., 141); Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 3 (Dulipo). See
Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mundungo,</span></span> bad-smelling tobacco; ‘A mundungo monopolist’, Lady
Alimony, ii. 2 (1 Boy); <span class='it'>snuff-mundungus</span>, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1006. A
jocular use of Span. <span class='it'>mondongo</span>, ‘hogs puddings’ (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>munify,</span></span> to fortify. Drayton, Barons’ Wars, ii. 34; hence, <span class='it'>munificence</span>,
defence, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 15 (ed. 1596).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>munite,</span></span> to fortify. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. i, c. 47; Bacon, Essay
3 (ed. Abbott, p. 10).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>munpins,</span></span> mouth-pegs, the teeth; a ludicrous form. <span class='it'>Munpynnys</span>,
Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 292. ‘Mun’ for mouth is in prov.
use in the north, and in slang use generally, see EDD. (s.v. Mun, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).
Norw. dial. <span class='it'>munn</span>, the mouth (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muraill,</span></span> a wall; walls of a city. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 201, back,
14. F. <span class='it'>muraille</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murderer, murdering-piece,</span></span> a cannon or mortar, discharging
stones or grape-shot. Hamlet, iv. 5. 95; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3
(Jaques); Double Marriage, iv. 2. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mure,</span></span> a wall. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; Heywood, If you know not Me
(Queen), vol. i, p. 338; to shut up, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; <span class='it'>mured up</span>,
Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34. L. <span class='it'>murus</span>, a wall.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murleon,</span></span> a merlin, a small hawk; ‘A cast [couple] of murleons’,
Damon and Pithias, Ancient Brit. Drama, i. 88, col. 2. ME. <span class='it'>merlioun</span>,
Chaucer (Parl. Foules, 339). F. <span class='it'>esmerillon</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murnival;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mournival'>mournival</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murr,</span></span> a violent catarrh, a severe cold in the head. Chapman, Mons.
d’Olive, ii. 1 (Philip); <span class='it'>murres</span>, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, fol. 3,
back; ‘Murre, <span class='it'>gravedo</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Murrian'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Murrian,</span></span> a Mauritanian, a Moor. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 315).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#Morian'>Morian</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murrion,</span></span> a ‘morion’, a steel cap. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4
(Captain). Also jocularly, a nightcap; spelt <span class='it'>murrain</span>, id., Scornful Lady,
iv. 1 (Abigail). Span. <span class='it'>morrion</span> (Stevens). See Stanford (s.v. Morrion),
and Dict. (s.v. Morion).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muscadine,</span></span> a kind of wine with a musk-like perfume. Massinger,
City Madam, ii. 1. 12. See Dict. (s.v. Muscadel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Muscovy glass,</span></span> a kind of talc. B. Jonson, Prol. to Devil is an Ass,
17; Marston (Malcontent), i. 3 (Passarello).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muse,</span></span> to wonder, marvel. Coriolanus, iii. 2. 7; Macbeth, iii. 4. 85;
hence, <span class='it'>muses</span>, musings, thoughts, cogitations, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 94);
Englishman for my Money, iii. 2 (Harvey); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 509.
OF. <span class='it'>muser</span>, ‘regarder comme un sot’ (Bartsch), cp. Ital. <span class='it'>musare</span>, ‘to muse, to
gape, to hould ones muzle or snout in the aire’ (Florio); Prov. <span class='it'>muzar</span>,
‘regarder bouche béante’; <span class='it'>mus</span>, ‘figure, visage’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='muse2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muse,</span></span> a gap in a thicket or fence through which a hare or other beast
of sport is wont to pass; ‘Take a hare without a muse, and a knave without
an excuse’, Howell, Eng. Prov. 12; ‘The wild muse of a bore’ (boar),
Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 368; Heywood, Witches of Lancs. i. 1 (Bantam).
The word is in prov. use in many parts of England from the north
country to Sussex, written <span class='it'>muse</span>, <span class='it'>meuse</span>, <span class='it'>moose</span>, <span class='it'>muce</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Meuse).
F. dial. (Bas-Maine) <span class='it'>mus</span>, ‘muce, passage étroit à travers des broussailles
pour les lièvres, les lapins, &amp;c.’ (Dottin); see Littré (s.v. Musse). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#meaze'>meaze</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muske-million,</span></span> the musk-melon. Drayton, Pol. xx. 54; Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 40. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>musquet,</span></span> a hawk of a very small size. Dryden, Hind and Panther,
iii. 119; ‘Musket, a lytell hauke, <span class='it'>mouchet</span>’, Palsgrave. Ital. <span class='it'>mosquetto</span>, ‘a
musket-hawke’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muss,</span></span> a scramble among boys, for trivial objects. Ant. and Cl. iii. 13.
91; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). ‘Muss’ means a confusion,
scramble, in Warwickshire, see EDD. (s.v. Muss, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mutchado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mutchado,</span></span> a moustache; ‘On his upper lippe A mutchado’, Arden of
Fev. ii. 1. 56; <span class='it'>mutchato</span>, Higgins, Induction to Mirror for Mag. (Nares);
<span class='it'>muschatoes</span>, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore). For numerous
spellings of the word ‘moustache’ see NED. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mouchatoes'>mouchatoes</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='mutton'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mutton,</span></span> a strumpet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 2 (Mis. O.); Dekker,
Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 8 (Bots). See <span class='bold'><a href='#laced'>laced mutton</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='myrobalane'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>myrobalane,</span></span> a kind of dried Indian plum. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1
(Subtle). F. <span class='it'>myrobalan</span>, L. <span class='it'>myrobalanum</span>, Gk. μυροβάλανος, probably the ben-nut;
μύpov, unguent, and βάλανος, acorn.</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='N'>N</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nab,</span></span> the head. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman,
Caveat, p. 82; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); <span class='it'>nabb</span>, a hat, Shadwell,
Squire Alsatia, ii. 1. Swed. dial, <span class='it'>nabb</span>, the head (Rietz).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nab-cheat,</span></span> a hat or cap. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1; Harman,
Caveat, p. 82. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a></span> (Thieves’ Cant).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nache,</span></span> the rump; ‘The nache by the tayle’, Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
§ 57. 3. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Aitch-bone). OF. <span class='it'>nache</span>, a
buttock (Godefroy); Ital. <span class='it'>natica</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Aitch-bone).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nads,</span></span> an ‘adze’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>næve,</span></span> a spot, blemish; ‘Spots, like næves’, Dryden, Death of Lord
Hastings, 55. L. <span class='it'>naevus</span>, a mole, or mark on the body.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nake,</span></span> to bare, unsheathe a sword; ‘Nake your swords’, Tourneur,
Revenger’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Lussurioso). ME. <span class='it'>naken</span>, to make naked (Chaucer,
Boethius, bk. iv, met. 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>naked,</span></span> unarmed. Othello, v. 2. 258. Phr. <span class='it'>naked bed</span>, in reference to
the once common custom of sleeping undressed, no night-linen being
worn; ‘In her naked bed’, Venus and Ad. 397. See Nares; and EDD.
(s.v. Naked, 1 (1)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nale, at,</span></span> for <span class='it'>atten ale</span>, at the ale-house. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 166. Cp. Glouc. phrase, ‘He’s gone to nale’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>atte
nale</span>, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, C. viii. 19).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='nall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nall,</span></span> an ‘awl’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘A <span class='it'>naule</span>, idem quod <span class='it'>aule</span>’,
Levins, Manip.; ‘Nall for a souter, <span class='it'>alesne</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Nawl’ is in
common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>namecouth,</span></span> known by name, famous. Spelt <span class='it'>naamkouth</span>, Grimalde,
Concerning Virgil, 14; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 102.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>namely,</span></span> especially. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 14; vii. 7. 48.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nape,</span></span> to strike upon the nape or back of the head just above the neck.
‘Naped in the head’, Latimer, 3 Sermon (ed. Arber, 76); ‘<span class='it'>I nawpe</span> one in
the necke’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Napier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Napier’s bones,</span></span> ivory rods marked with numbers, for facilitating
calculation; invented by Lord Napier of Merchiston (d. 1617). Butler,
Hud. ii. 3. 1095; iii. 2. 409.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nappy,</span></span> having a head, foaming; heady, strong. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii.
16; Gay, Shepherd’s Week, ii. 56. In common prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nares,</span></span> nostrils. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742; ‘Nares (of a hawk)’, Book of
St. Albans, fol. a 5; L. <span class='it'>nares</span>, pl. nostrils.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>narre,</span></span> nearer. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 97; Ruines of Rome, xvi. 3.
Icel. <span class='it'>nærre</span>, nearer (adj.); <span class='it'>nærr</span> (adv.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nas,</span></span> for <span class='it'>ne has</span>, has not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 61.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nase,</span></span> nose. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lorel). ME. <span class='it'>nase</span>, nose
(Wars Alex. 4519).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>natch,</span></span> a ‘notch’; ‘Cut all the natches of his tales’ (i.e. cut, in order to
destroy, all the notches off his accounts or tallies), Arden of Fev. v. 1. 24;
‘A natche, <span class='it'>incisura</span>; to natch, <span class='it'>incidere</span>’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in
various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nathe,</span></span> ‘nave’ of a wheel. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 9. In common
prov. use in the north and the Midlands (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nathemore,</span></span> never the more. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 25; iv. 8. 14. For
the earlier <span class='it'>nathemo</span>. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>native,</span></span> in astrology; the subject of a horoscope, the person whose
nativity is being cast. Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); Butler,
Hud. i. 1. 608.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nawl;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#nall'>nall</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nay:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>say nay, and take it</span>, refuse, but accept; a proverbial expression
as to a maid’s part. Richard III, iii. 7. 50; Peele, Sir Clyomon, p. 494,
col. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ne,</span></span> nor. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 25; All’s Well, ii. 1. 176. ME. <span class='it'>ne</span>, nor
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 179). OE. <span class='it'>ne</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='neafe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neafe,</span></span> a clenched hand, a fist. Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 15; <span class='it'>neuf</span>,
B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1
(Cuddy). In common prov. use in various parts of the British Isles,
see EDD. (s.v. Neive). ME. <span class='it'>neefe</span>, a fist (Barbour’s Bruce, xvi. 129); also
in forms <span class='it'>nave</span>, <span class='it'>new</span>, in pl. <span class='it'>nevis</span>, <span class='it'>newys</span>, <span class='it'>newffys</span> (id., see Glossary). Icel. <span class='it'>hnefi</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neal,</span></span> to anneal. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neat-house.</span></span> The Neat House (lit. house for cattle) was a celebrated
market-garden, near Chelsea Bridge (Gifford); Massinger, City Madam,
iii. 1. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neatresse,</span></span> a female neatherd. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20,
st. 48.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neck,</span></span> in chess; a move to cover check. Surrey, To the Lady that
scorned her Lover, 3, in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 21). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neck-verse,</span></span> the Latin verse read by a malefactor, to entitle him to
benefit of clergy, so as to save his neck; usually Psalm li. 1, <span class='it'>Miserere mei</span>, &amp;c.
Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Pilia); Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 3 (Chilax).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>needle,</span></span> to penetrate like a needle; to make their way into; ‘Mice
made holes to needle in their buttocks’ (of fat hogs), Middleton, Game
at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>needly,</span></span> of necessity, necessarily. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 517,
col. 2; id., Tale of Troy, p. 552. A Yorks. word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neeld,</span></span> a ‘needle’. Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, xx. 95; Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, i. 715; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 204. A common prov. form, see
EDD. (s.v. Needle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neele,</span></span> a ‘needle’. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 3 (Tyb). The word
spelt without the <span class='it'>d</span> is common in prov. E. in many spellings, as <span class='it'>neele</span>, <span class='it'>neel</span>,
<span class='it'>neal</span>, <span class='it'>nill</span>, <span class='it'>nail</span> (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neesing,</span></span> a sneezing, a sneeze. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii. 732;
<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Job xli. 18. ‘Neese’ is in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various
parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Neeze). ME. <span class='it'>nesen</span> (Prompt.). Du. <span class='it'>niesen</span>,
to sneeze (Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Neese).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='neif'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neif,</span></span> one born on a feudal manor in a state of serfdom; ‘It signifieth
in our common law a bondwoman, the reason is, because women become
bound rather <span class='it'>nativitate</span> than by any other means’, Cowell. Spelt <span class='it'>nyefe</span>,
Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 342. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>neif</span>, ‘serf de naissance ou
d’origine’ (Didot); Med. L. <span class='it'>nativus</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neis,</span></span> to scent, smell; ‘The hart .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. nere fra’ hence sall neis her i’ the
wind’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). See NED. (s.v. Nese).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nephew,</span></span> a grandson. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 22; ii. 10. 45; ‘<span class='it'>Grandsires
and nephews</span>’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 3 (Curius); spelt <span class='it'>nevew</span>; Phaer,
Aeneid ii, 702 (= L. <span class='it'>nepotem</span>). See Trench, Select Glossary. ME. <span class='it'>nevewe</span>,
a grandson (Chaucer, Hous Fame, ii. 109). OF. <span class='it'>neveu</span>. O. Prov. <span class='it'>nep</span>, <span class='it'>nebot</span>.
L. <span class='it'>nepotem</span>, nephew, grandson.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nere,</span></span> nearer; ‘The nere to the churche, the ferther from God’, Heywood,
Prov. (ed. 1867, 17). ME. ‘þe nere þe cherche, þe fyrþer fro God’,
R. Brunne, Handlyng Synne. OE. <span class='it'>nēar</span>, compar. of <span class='it'>nēah</span>, nigh.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='nesh'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nesh,</span></span> soft, tender, delicate; ‘Like a nesh nag’, Beaumont and Fl.,
Bonduca, iv. 1 (Petillius); ‘<span class='it'>Tendre</span>, tender, nice, nesh, delicate’, Cotgrave.
In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>nesche</span>,
‘mollis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>hnesce</span>, soft (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nest of goblets,</span></span> a set of them, of different sizes, fitting one inside
another. Northward Ho, iii. 2 (Bellamont); <span class='it'>neast of goblets</span>, Marston,
Dutch Courtezan, i. 1. 7. So also <span class='it'>a nest of boxes</span>; Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Socrates, § 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>net, nett,</span></span> clear, clean, bare. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 20; vi. 8. 45.
F. <span class='it'>net</span>, neat, clean, clear; bare, empty.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nettie,</span></span> neat, ‘natty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neuf;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#neafe'>neafe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neuft,</span></span> a newt, evet, or eft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 1 (Tucca); cp.
<span class='it'>newt</span> in Bartholomew Fair, Act ii, where Knockem says, ‘What! thou’lt
poison me with a <span class='it'>newt</span>’, &amp;c.; where ed. 1614 has <span class='it'>neuft</span> (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Never a barrel the better herring,</span></span> proverbial saying, meaning
never one better than another, nothing to choose between them, referring
to the notion that you will not find a better herring by searching in a
new barrel. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 6 (Litio); Martiniere’s Voyage, 127
(NED. (s.v. Herring)); [Fielding, T. Jones, x. v.]. Also, <span class='it'>In neither barrel
better herring</span>, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 102); Udall, tr. of
Apoph., Philip, § 11; ‘The Devil a barrel the better herring’, Bailey’s
Colleq., Erasmus, 373; cp. Gosson, School of Abuse, 32: ‘Of both barrelles
[i.e. as containing poets on the one side and cooks and painters on the
other] I judge Cookes and Painters the better herring.’ See Davies
(s.v. Herring).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>new-eared,</span></span> newly ploughed. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 492. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#ear'>ear</a></span> (to plough).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>newel,</span></span> a novelty, rarity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 276. Explained
as ‘a newe thing’. Formed from <span class='it'>new</span>, with the suffix of <span class='it'>novel</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>new-fangle,</span></span> fond of new things; ‘The peple were soo newfangle’,
Morte Arthur, leaf 421; bk. xxi, c. 1 (end). See Dict. (s.v. <span class='it'>Newfangled</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>new-year’s-gift,</span></span> a present to a great man on new-year’s day, usually
given in hope of a reward or by way of bribe. Webster, Devil’s Law-case,
ii. 1 (Julio); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neysshe,</span></span> soft. Morte Arthur, leaf 311. 8; bk. xiii, c. 30. See <span class='bold'><a href='#nesh'>nesh</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='niaise'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niaise,</span></span> a young hawk taken out of the nest, applied allusively to a
simple, witless person. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz.); ‘<span class='it'>Niard</span>, a
nias faulcon’, Cotgrave. ‘Nias’ is a north Yorks. word for a young hawk
(EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>niais</span>, ‘qui n’est pas encore sorti du nid, qu’on a pris au nid’
(La Curne). See <span class='bold'><a href='#eyas'>eyas</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nice;</span></span> in various senses. It means fine, elegant, Much Ado, v. 1. 75;
tender, delicate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 180; precise, Macbeth, iv. 3. 174;
scrupulous, Merch. Ven. ii. 1. 14; subtle, L. L. L. v. 2. 232; coy, prudish,
L. L. L. iii. 1. 24; squeamish, Tam. Shrew, iii. 1. 80; trifling, Romeo, iii.
1. 159. <span class='it'>To make it nice</span>, to seem reluctant, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius,
§ 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 177).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niceness,</span></span> coyness, scrupulousness. Cymb. iii. 4. 158; Middleton,
A Fair Quarrel, i. 1 (Colonel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nick,</span></span> to cut in nicks or notches, Com. of Errors, v. 175; to clip, curtail,
Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 8. <span class='it'>In the nick</span>, at the right moment, Othello, v. 2.
317; <span class='it'>out of all nick</span>, beyond all reckoning, excessively, Two Gent. iv. 2. 76.
See EDD. (s.v. Nick, sb.<sup>4</sup> 1). Hence, <span class='it'>nick</span>, to hit off, to find out with precision;
‘You’ve nicked the channel’ (i.e. the right course), Congreve,
Love for Love, iii. 4 (Ben); <span class='it'>nicked</span>, luckily saved, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1304.
See EDD. (s.v. Nick, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nidget, nideot,</span></span> an ‘idiot’, simpleton. Spelt <span class='it'>nigget</span>, Middleton, The
Changeling, iii. 3 (Lollio). In prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niding;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#nithing'>nithing</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niece,</span></span> a grand-daughter, Richard III, iv. 1. 1; a relative, cousin (vaguely
used). Greene, Alphonsus, ii, prol. 12; id., iii (Fausta, l. 939). Down to
the beginning of the 17th cent. the sense of grand-daughter appears to
have been common; see Trench, Select Glossary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nifles,</span></span> trifles, things of little or no value; trifling tales; ‘The fables
and the nyfyls’, Heywood, A Mery Play, 434 (NED). ME. <span class='it'>nyfles</span>: ‘He
served hem with nyfles and with fablis’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1760). OF.
<span class='it'>nifles</span> (Godefroy). See EDD. (s.v. Nifle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nifling,</span></span> trifling, worthless, Lady Alimony, ii. 6. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niggers, niggers-noggers,</span></span> meaningless forms, used as minced
oaths. Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim.); also <span class='it'>sniggers</span>, id.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niggish,</span></span> niggardly, miserly; ‘Niggish slovenrie’, Udall, tr. of
Apoph., Diogenes, § 11; ‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed.
Lumby, 102). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niggle,</span></span> to do anything in a trifling, fiddling, ineffective way; ‘Take
heed, daughter, you niggle not with your conscience’, Massinger,
Emperor of the East, v. 3 (Theodosius). In prov. use with numerous
variations of sense, see EDD. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>nigla</span> (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>night-cap,</span></span> a nocturnal bully, a notorious roisterer. Webster, Duch.
of Malfi, ii. 1; Devil’s Law-case, ii, 1. See <span class='bold'><a href='#roaring2'>Roaring Boys</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>night-rail,</span></span> a night-dress. Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 2
(1 Lady); Massinger, City Madam, iii. 2 (end); iv. 4 (Luke). In prov.
use, see EDD. (s.v. Night, 1 (29)). OE. <span class='it'>hrægl</span>, dress. See Nares (s.v.
Night-rail), and Dict. (s.v. Rail, 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>night-snap,</span></span> a thief (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Chances, ii. 1 (John).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nil</span>(<span class='bold'>l,</span></span> to be unwilling, often denoting simple futurity; ‘I nill live in
sorrowe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 151; ‘I nill relate’, Pericles, iii,
prel. 55; <span class='it'>will he nill he</span>, Hamlet, v. 1. 18; <span class='it'>to will and nill</span>, B. Jonson, Epigrams,
xlii. 16; <span class='it'>nild</span>, pt. t. would not, ‘Unto the founts Diana nild repair’, Greene,
Radagon’s Sonnet, 17 (ed. Dyce, p. 301). ‘Nill ye, will ye’, whether you
wish or not, is in use in Scotland; ‘Nildy wildy’, whether one would or
not, is heard is E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>nil</span>, pr. s.; <span class='it'>nolde</span>, pt. t. (Chaucer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nim,</span></span> to steal. Puritan Widow, i. 4. 167; Butler, Hud. i. 1. 598;
hence, <span class='it'>nimmer</span>, a thief, id., ii. 3. 1094; Tomkis, Albumazar, iii. 7 (end);
<span class='it'>nimming</span>, stealing, Massinger, Guardian, v. 2 (Durazzo). ‘Nim’ and
‘Nimmer’ are in prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>nimen</span>, to take, to seize (P.
Plowman), see Dict. M. and S.; OE. <span class='it'>niman</span>, to take; cp. G. <span class='it'>nehmen</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nine-holes,</span></span> a game in which the players endeavoured to roll small
balls into nine holes in the ground, all separately numbered. Drayton,
Pol. xiv. 22; Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal vi (Melanthus). See EDD. (s.v.
Nine, 1 (9)), and NED. (s.v. Nine-holes).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nine men’s morris,</span></span> a rural game, called also Merrils, described in
Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 542), Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 98. Called
‘Morris’ by popular etymology, as if with reference to the movement
(or dance) of the men (or pieces). But the right name was ‘Merelles’
(i.e. counters or pieces used in the game). Cp. Cotgrave: ‘<span class='it'>Merelles, Le jeu
des merelles</span>, The boyish game called Merils or five-penny Morris, played
here most commonly with stones, but in France with pawns or men made
of purpose, and termed Merelles.’ See Ducange (s.v. Merallus), EDD.
(s.v. Nine, 1 (12)), and Nares (s.v.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ningle,</span></span> ‘ingle’; <span class='it'>mine ingle</span> became <span class='it'>my ningle</span>, my favourite. Middleton,
Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Roderigo); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1
(Fustigo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#ingle1'>ingle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nip,</span></span> a taunt, sarcasm, reproof. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 27
(ed. Arber, p. 68). ‘Nip’ in prov. use means a pinch or squeeze; a bite
or sting, see EDD. (s.v. Nip, sb.<sup>1</sup> 15, 16).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nip a bung,</span></span> to steal a purse (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Trapdoor); ‘A pickpocket, as good as ever <span class='it'>nipped</span> the judge’s <span class='it'>bung</span> while
he was condemning him’, The London Chanticleers, scene 1 (Heath);
Cleveland (Nares); <span class='it'>nip</span>, a cutpurse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).
Hence <span class='it'>nipper</span>, ‘A nypper is termed a pickpurse or a cutpurse’, Fletewood
(in Aydelotte, p. 95).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nip a jan,</span></span> to steal a purse (Cant). B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed
(Jackman). See <span class='it'>Jan</span> in NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nipitato,</span></span> strong liquor; ‘A drink In England found, and Nipitato
call’d, Which driveth all the sorrow from your hearts’, Beaumont and Fl.,
Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 2 (Pompiona). Hence, <span class='it'>nippitate</span>, strong (said of
wine), Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Collen). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nis,</span></span> is not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19. ME. <span class='it'>nis</span> (Chaucer). OE.
<span class='it'>nis</span>, for <span class='it'>ne is</span>, is not.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niste, nist,</span></span> knew not. Spelt <span class='it'>nyst</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 339. 4; bk. xvi,
c. 9. ME. <span class='it'>niste</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 502). OE. <span class='it'>nyste</span>, for <span class='it'>ne wyste</span>; <span class='it'>wiste</span>, pt. t.
of <span class='it'>witan</span>, to know.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='nithing'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nithing,</span></span> a vile coward; a term of severe reproach. <span class='it'>Nithing</span>, Blount’s
Gloss.; spelt <span class='it'>niding</span>, Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xviii (end); p. 79.
Icel. <span class='it'>nīðingr</span>, legally the strongest term of abuse for a traitor, coward, or
the like (Vigfusson).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>no,</span></span> used ironically; ‘No rich idolatry’ (i.e. great idolatry), Beaumont
and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Learchus); ‘No villainy’ (i.e. great
villainy), Mad Lover, iii. 6 (Chilax).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noble,</span></span> a coin worth 6<span class='it'>s.</span> 8<span class='it'>d.</span> Richard II, i. 1. 88.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noblesse,</span></span> noble birth or condition. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 297; the
nobility, persons of noble rank, ‘There is in every state .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. two portions
of subjects; the Noblesse and the Commonaltie’, Bacon, Essay 15, § 13;
Richard II, iv. 1. 119 (1st quarto only). ME. <span class='it'>noblesse</span>, nobleness, noble
rank (Chaucer). F. <span class='it'>noblesse</span>, ‘nobility, gentry; gentlemanliness’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nobley,</span></span> great display, splendour. Morte Arthur, leaf 158, back, 8;
bk. viii, c. 29; lf. 211, back, 32; bk. 10, c. 6. ME. <span class='it'>nobley</span>, nobility, dignity,
splendour, noble rank; assembly of nobles (Chaucer). OF. <span class='it'>noblei</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>,
nobility of rank or estate; Anglo-F. <span class='it'>noblei</span>, nobleness (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nocent,</span></span> harmful. Milton, P. L. ix. 186; guilty, Greene, James IV, v. 6
(Sir Cuthbert). L. <span class='it'>nocens</span>, hurtful, culpable.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nock,</span></span> a notch at the end of a bow, or in the head of an arrow; ‘The
nocke of the shafte’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 127). Also, the
cleft of the buttocks, Butler, Hud. i. 1. 285. Du. <span class='it'>nock</span>, ‘a notch in the head
of an arrowe’ (Hexham). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nock,</span></span> (perhaps) a notch. The phr. <span class='it'>much in my nock</span> seems to mean
‘much in my line’, ‘very suitable for me’, Triumphs of Love and Fortune
(last speech but one of Lentulo), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 242. So
also <span class='it'>beyond the nock</span>, above or beyond measure, ‘He commendeth hym by
yonde the nocke, <span class='it'>Il le prise oultre bort</span>, or <span class='it'>oultre mesure</span>’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noddy,</span></span> a simpleton. Two Gent. i. 1. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noddy,</span></span> a card-game. Heywood, Woman killed with Kindness
(Wendell); B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); Westward Ho, iv. 1
(Birdlime); Northward Ho, ii. 1 (Liverpool). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nog,</span></span> a kind of strong beer, brewed in East Anglia, esp. in Norfolk;
‘Walpole laid a quart of nog on’t’, Swift, Upon the Horrid Plot, &amp;c., 31;
‘Here’s a Norfolk nog’, Vanbrugh, A Journey to London, i. 1 (John
Moody). See EDD. (s.v. Nog(g)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noise,</span></span> a company of musicians, a band. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13; Beaumont
and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iii. 1. 4. Common. The phrase
<span class='it'>Sneak’s noise</span> (2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13) is copied by Heywood, Iron Age
(Thersites), vol. iii, p. 312.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nones:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>for the nones</span> = <span class='it'>for then ones</span>, for the once, for the occasion.
Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9; B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. i (Nano). See Dict.
(s.v. Nonce).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nook-shotten,</span></span> provided with capes and necks of land; ‘That nook-shotten
isle of Albion’, Hen. V, iii. 5. 14. See the quotations in NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noonstead,</span></span> the sun’s place at noon; the meridian. Spelt <span class='it'>noonestede</span>,
Sackville, Induction, st. 7; ‘Now it nigh’d the noonstead of the day’,
Drayton, Mooncalf (Nares). ‘Noonstead’ for the point of noon is known
in north Yorks. (EDD).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='nope'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nope,</span></span> a bull-finch. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 74; ‘A Nope (bird), <span class='it'>rubicilla</span>’,
Coles, 1679; ‘<span class='it'>Chochepierre</span>, a kind of nowpe or bullfinch that feeds on the
kernels of cherri-stones’, Cotgrave. In prov. use. in various parts of
England (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#awbe'>awbe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noppe,</span></span> nap of cloth. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 453. Du. <span class='it'>noppe</span>, nap
(Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Nap.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noppy,</span></span> ‘nappy’ (as ale), having a head, strong. Skelton, El. Rummyng,
102. ‘Nappy’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.).
See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nosel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#nuzzle1'>nuzzle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nose-thrilles,</span></span> nostrils. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75. 3; § 84. 2.
OE. <span class='it'>nosþyrel</span>, nostril.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>n’ot,</span></span> know not. <span class='it'>I not</span>, I know not, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene,
114. ME. <span class='it'>noot</span> (<span class='it'>not</span>), 1 and 3 pr. s., I know not, he knows not (Chaucer);
OE. <span class='it'>nāt</span> (for <span class='it'>ne wāt</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>notted,</span></span> without horns; ‘A lamb .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. it is notted’ (footnote, without
horns), Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 87. In prov. use we find
‘notted’ (‘knotted’, ‘natted’) meaning hornless, gen. of sheep; also
‘not’, hornless, of sheep or cattle, see EDD. (s.v. Not, adj.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nott-headed,</span></span> having head with hair cropped short. Chapman,
Widow’s Tears, i (Tharsalio); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 3 (Preamble).
ME. <span class='it'>not-heed</span>, a head with hair cropped short (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 109); see
Skeat’s Notes in Complete Edition. OE. <span class='it'>hnot</span>, bald-headed, close-cut
(Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noulde,</span></span> would not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., February, 192. ME. <span class='it'>nolde</span>
(Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>nolde</span> (for <span class='it'>ne wolde</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noule;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#nowl1'>nowl</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nourry,</span></span> a foster-child. Sir E. Wingfield, Letter to Wolsey (NED.);
<span class='it'>nourie</span>, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth, &amp;c., st. 4; <span class='it'>noorie</span>, id., Epit., &amp;c., 60;
id., Ovid’s Epistle, x (NED.) F. <span class='it'>nourri</span>, nourished, nurtured.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nousle up;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#nuzzle2'>nuzzle</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>novel,</span></span> news; ‘The novell’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv (Jupiter);
vol. iii, p. 55; Iron Age, Part II, A. ii (Soldier); p. 373. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>novum,</span></span> an old game at dice, played by five or six persons, the principal
throws being nine and five. L. L. L. v. 2. 547; ‘Change your game for
dice; We are full number for <span class='it'>Novum</span>’, Cook, Greene’s Tu Quoque; in
Ancient E. Drama, ii. 551, col. 1; spelt <span class='it'>novem</span>, A Woman never vexed,
ii. 1. 5. The ‘full number’ in this company was <span class='it'>six</span>; the two principal
throws were <span class='it'>nine</span> and <span class='it'>five</span>. The game was properly called <span class='it'>novem quinque</span>
(Douce); see Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='nowl1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nowl,</span></span> the crown of the head; the head. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 17;
<span class='it'>noule</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39. In prov. use (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>hnoll</span>, the top,
summit, crown of the head. See Dict. (s.v. Noule).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nowl,</span></span> a blockhead. Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 113.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nowle,</span></span> a mole-hill. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nown,</span></span> own. <span class='it'>Mine own</span> became <span class='it'>my nown</span>; hence <span class='it'>his nowne</span> = his own;
Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 49. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noy,</span></span> annoyance, vexation. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, pp. 522, 532);
<span class='it'>noy</span>, to annoy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; <span class='it'>noyance</span>, annoyance, id., i. 1. 23;
<span class='it'>noyous</span>, troublesome (NED.). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noyfull,</span></span> harmful, disagreeable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 24, § 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nuddle,</span></span> to beat, to pummel. Rawlins, The Rebellion, iv. 1 (Trotter).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nuddock,</span></span> the nape of the neck. Phaer, Aeneid vii, 742. ‘Nuddick’
is the Cornish word for the back of the neck, see EDD. (s.v. Niddick).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nullifidian,</span></span> a man of no faith, a sceptic in matters of religion. B.
Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='numbles'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>numbles,</span></span> certain inward parts of a deer; part of the back and loins
of a hart; ‘Noumbles of a dere or beest, <span class='it'>entrailles</span>’, Palsgrave; Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. iii, c. 7; <span class='it'>nomblis</span>, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 7 b. F. <span class='it'>nombles
d’un cerf</span>, ‘the numbles of a stag’ (Cotgr.); OF. <span class='it'>nomble</span> (Godefroy). See
Dict. And see <span class='bold'><a href='#umbles'>umbles</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>numerical,</span></span> particular, individual; ‘Not only of the specifical, but
numerical forms’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. i, § 33. Also (with <span class='it'>same</span>
or <span class='it'>very</span>) identical, ‘That very numerical lady’, Dryden, Marriage à la
Mode, ii. 1 (Palamede); also in form <span class='it'>numerick</span>, ‘The same numerick crew’,
Butler, Hud. i. 3. 461.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nup,</span></span> a simpleton; ‘The vilest nup’, Brewer, Lingua, ii. 1 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nupson,</span></span> a simpleton. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brainworm);
id., Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='nursle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nursle,</span></span> to nurse; ‘To have a Bastard .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. nursled i’ th’ Countrey’,
Brome; Eng. Moor, iii. 3 (NED.); <span class='it'>noursle up</span>, to train up, Spenser, F. Q. vi.
4. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#nuzzle2'>nuzzle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nurt, nort,</span></span> to push with the horns. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 28;
<span class='it'>nort</span>, to push toward, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. viii, ch. 21. <span class='it'>Nurt</span>, possibly
related to OF. <span class='it'>hurter</span> (F. <span class='it'>heurter</span>), to push.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='nuzzle1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nuzzle,</span></span> to poke or push with the nose; ‘I nosyll as a swyne dothe, <span class='it'>je
fouille du museau</span>’, Palsgrave spelt <span class='it'>nousle</span>, Venus and Ad. 1115; to nestle
close to a person, Heywood, Pleas. Dial. (Wks., ed. 1874, vi. 201); Marston,
What you will, iii. 2 (Albano). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>neuselen</span>, to poke with the nose (Kilian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='nuzzle2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nuzzle,</span></span> to train, educate, nurture (freq. with <span class='it'>up</span>). Marston, Antonio’s
Revenge, Prol. 16; Drayton, Pol. xi. 180; <span class='it'>nosel</span>, Nice Wanton, Prol. 9, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 163; <span class='it'>nousle up</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 23; <span class='it'>noursle up</span>, F. Q.
vi. 4. 35; <span class='it'>nuzled in</span>, pp. trained in, Holinshed, Chron. iii. 1225 (NED.);
<span class='it'>nusled in</span>, New Customs, iii. 1; Light of Gospel (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 44).
See NED. See <span class='bold'><a href='#nursle'>nursle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nycibecetour,</span></span> a dainty dame, a fashionable girl; ‘Nycibecetours, or
denty dames’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 120; <span class='it'>nicibecetur</span>, Roister
Doister, i. 4. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nye,</span></span> to draw nigh, approach. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 316; ‘We
shall nyghe the towne’, Palsgrave, 644.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nyefe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#neif'>neif</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nysot,</span></span> a wanton girl. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1244. Not found
elsewhere.</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='O'>O</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>O,</span></span> a round spot; a circle; ‘This wooden O’ (i.e. circular space),
Hen. V, Prol. 13; Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 81. See <span class='bold'><a href='#oes'>oes</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oade,</span></span> woad. B. Jonson, Poetaster, ii. 1 (Albius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oatmeals,</span></span> a set of riotous and profligate young men (Cant); ‘Roaring
boys and oatmeals’, Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ob and Soller,</span></span> a dabbler in scholastic logic; one who deals with <span class='it'>obs</span>
(objections) and <span class='it'>sols</span> (solutions) in disputations; ‘To pass for deep and
learned Scholars, although but paltry Ob and Sollers’, Butler, Hud. iii. 2.
1242.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obarni,</span></span> in full <span class='it'>Mead obarni</span>, i.e. ‘scalded mead’, a drink used in Russia;
‘Hum, Meath and Obarni’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.). Russ.
<span class='it'>obvarnyi</span>, scalded.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oblatrant,</span></span> railing, reviling. One of the words ridiculed by B. Jonson,
Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus). L. <span class='it'>oblatrare</span>, to bark at.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='obley'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obley,</span></span> a little cake of bread, prepared for consecration in the celebration
of the Eucharist, the sacramental wafer; ‘The kyng shall offre an
obbley of brede .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. with the whiche obleye after consecrate the king shall
be howseld’, Devyse, Coron. Hen. VIII (NED.); spelt <span class='it'>ubblye</span>, Morte
Arthur, leaf 360. 6; bk. xvii, ch. 20. ME. <span class='it'>obly</span> or <span class='it'>ubly</span>. ‘nebula’ (Prompt.
EETS. 312, see note, no. 1528); <span class='it'>obeley</span> ‘oblata’ (Voc. 598. 24). OF. <span class='it'>oublee</span>,
‘hostie’ (Didot), Med. L. <span class='it'>oblata</span>, ‘panis ad sacrificium oblatus, hostia nondum
consecrata’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obliquid,</span></span> directed obliquely. Only in Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 54.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obnoxious,</span></span> exposed to; ‘The having them obnoxious to ruin’, Bacon,
Essay 36, § 3; submissive, ‘In consort, men are more obnoxious to others’
humours’, id., Essay 20, § 6; ‘They that are envious towards all are
obnoxious and officious towards one’, id., Essay 44, § last; Dryden, ii. 1
(Emperor). L. <span class='it'>obnoxius</span>, lit. exposed to harm, also, exposed to the power
of another, hence, submissive.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obsequies,</span></span> funeral rites, a funeral. 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 147. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>obsequies</span> (Rough List), Med. L. <span class='it'>obsequiae</span>, ‘exequiae funebres’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obsequious,</span></span> dutiful in performing funeral obsequies, or in manifesting
regard for the dead; ‘To shed obsequious teares upon this Trunke’,
Titus And. v. 3. 152; ‘To do obsequious Sorrow’, Hamlet, i. 2. 92; <span class='it'>obsequiously</span>,
in the manner of a mourner, ‘I obsequiously lament’, Richard III,
i. 2. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obtrect,</span></span> to disparage. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Usher). L.
<span class='it'>obtrectare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>occupy,</span></span> to make use of; ‘Sondrie wares, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. that men did commonly
occupy’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 67; to trade, Luke xix. 13; ‘They
dyd dwell amonges them .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. occupying with them verye familiarly’,
More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 31). See Bible Word-Book. But often used in
an indecent sense, till the word became odious, as Shak. notes, 2 Hen. IV,
ii. 4. 161.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>occurrent,</span></span> occurrence, event. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 68 and
181); <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Kings v. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>odible,</span></span> hateful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 12, § last; Fabyan,
Chron., bk. i, c. 8. L. <span class='it'>odibilis</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>œillade,</span></span> an amorous glance. Merry Wives, i. 3. 68. F. <span class='it'>œillade</span> (Cotgr.),
deriv. of <span class='it'>œil</span>, an eye.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>o’er-hill’d,</span></span> covered over. B. Jonson, Masque of Beauty (January).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#hill'>hill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='oes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oes,</span></span> bright round spots. Bacon, Essay 36; stars, Mids. Night’s D. iii.
2. 188; <span class='it'>O’s</span>, small metallic spangles, as in ‘embroidered with <span class='it'>O’s</span>’, B. Jonson,
Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oil:</span></span> <span class='it'>oil of angels</span>, oil of gold coins (i.e. coin employed in bribes).
Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer). <span class='it'>Oil of ben</span> (or <span class='it'>been</span>), oil from
the <span class='it'>ben-nut</span>, or winged seed of the horse-radish tree (<span class='it'>Moringa pterygosperma</span>).
Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (Ricardo). Arab, <span class='it'>bân</span>, the horseradish
tree, or ben-nut. See Stanford (s.v. Ben). <span class='it'>Oil of devil</span>, a
‘momentous preparation’ of unknown ingredients. Beaumont and Fl.,
Humorous Lieutenant, iii. 3 (Leontius). <span class='it'>Oil of height</span>, the red elixir,
a red oil, fabled to transmute other metals into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem.
ii. 1 (Surly). <span class='it'>Oil of luna</span>, the white elixir, for transmuting other metals
into silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). <span class='it'>Oil of mace</span>, oil from the
spice called <span class='it'>mace</span>; but with a punning reference to the mace borne by
a serjeant who arrested a prisoner. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2
(Sir B.). <span class='it'>Oil of talc</span>, a cosmetic, said to have been obtained from talc.
B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2
(Shave ’em).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>old,</span></span> great, plentiful, abundant; ‘Old utis’, high merriment, 2 Hen. IV,
iv. 2. 22; ‘Ould filching’, abundant stealing, Arden of Fev. ii. 2. 53. ‘Old’
is used as an intensitive in many parts of England and Scotland, e.g. in
Cheshire ‘old doings’ signify great sport, great merriment, an uncommon
display of hospitality, see EDD. (s.v. Old, 11). ME. ‘gode olde fyghtyng’,
Bone Florence, 681 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>old,</span></span> a country pronunc. of ‘wold’, plain open country. King Lear, iii.
4. 125; also <span class='it'>ould</span>, Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 38.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oilet-hole,</span></span> an ‘eyelet-hole’, a small round hole worked in cloth.
Shirley, Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); Gent. of Venice, iii. 1. 7. F. <span class='it'>œillet</span>,
a little eye, an eilet-hole (Cotgr.). From F. <span class='it'>œil</span>, an eye. See NED. (s.v.
Oillet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>olfact,</span></span> to smell; a pedantic form. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742. L. <span class='it'>olfactus</span>,
pp. of <span class='it'>olfacere</span>, to smell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oliphant,</span></span> elephant. Heywood, Brazen Age (Meleager), vol. iii,
p. 187. ME. <span class='it'>oliphant</span> (Kingis Quair, 156); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>olifant</span> (Ch. Rol. 3119),
<span class='it'>oliphant</span> (Bozon, 19).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>olla podrida,</span></span> a medley. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Roscius
solus). Span. <span class='it'>olla podrida</span> (lit. rotten pot), a dish composed of many kinds
of meats and vegetables stewed or boiled together; for detailed account of
ingredients, see Stevens.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on cai me on;</span></span> ‘Bid <span class='it'>on cai me on</span>, farewell’, Marlowe, Faustus, 40
(ed. Tucker Brooke). Gk. ὂν καὶ μὴ ὄν, existence and non-existence
(Aristotle). The meaning is, Bid farewell to Aristotle and philosophy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on-end:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>still on-end</span>, continually. Mirror for Mag., Northumberland,
st. 17. See <span class='bold'><a href='#an-end'>an-end</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on gog,</span></span> ‘a-gog’, in eagerness, full of eagerness. Gascoigne, Grief of
Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 288; <span class='it'>to set on gog</span>, to excite, make eager, Twyne, tr. of
Aeneid, x (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on hight,</span></span> aloud, in a high voice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 45. ME. <span class='it'>on highte</span>:
‘And spak thise same wordes al on highte’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1784).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>one,</span></span> alone, <span class='it'>solus</span>; ‘I one of all other’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 170);
<span class='it'>his one</span>, his own, ‘Then was she judged Triamond his one’, Spenser, F. Q.
iv. 5. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oneyers;</span></span> ‘Burgomasters and great oneyers’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 84.
Meaning doubtful; perhaps persons who converse with great ones
(Schmidt).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>only,</span></span> alone; ‘Th’ only breath him daunts’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 13;
especial, ‘Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread’, id., i. 7. 50; ‘His
onely hart-sore and his onely foe’, id., ii. 1. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>onsay,</span></span> a saying of ‘On!’, the word to advance, the signal to start.
New Custom, ii. 2, l. 10 from end; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ontwight;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#untwight'>untwight</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>operance,</span></span> operation, action. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 3. 73.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>operant,</span></span> operative, active. Hamlet, iii. 2. 184; Webster, Appius, v. 3
(Virginius); Heywood, The Royal King, i. 1 (King); vol. vi, p. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ophic,</span></span> (?) relating to serpents; ‘Resolve To ophic powder’, Lady
Alimony, ii. 3 (Morisco). The sense is doubtful.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oppignorate,</span></span> to pawn, to pledge. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 91).
L. <span class='it'>oppignerare</span>, to pledge; from <span class='it'>pignus</span>, a pledge.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>optic,</span></span> a magnifying glass, lens. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, i. 1
(Theodoret); <span class='it'>optic glass</span>, a telescope, Milton, P. L. i. 288.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>optimate,</span></span> a noble or aristocrat. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, i. 381;
xi. 706. L. <span class='it'>optimates</span>, prop. members of the ‘Nobilitas’ in Rome, fr. <span class='it'>optimus</span>,
best.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>opunctly,</span></span> according to appointment; at the time appointed. In Cook,
Green’s Tu Quoque; Ancient E. Drama, ii. 565, col. 2. For <span class='it'>appunctly</span>. Cp.
Med. L. <span class='it'>appunct<span class='it'>(</span>u<span class='it'>)</span>are</span>, ‘pacisci, convenire’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='orangeado-pie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orangeado-pie,</span></span> a pie with candied orange-peel. Dekker, Honest Wh.,
Pt. I, iv. 2 (Crambo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#oringado'>oringado</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orbity,</span></span> bereavement, childlessness. Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Pamphilus);
vol. vi, p. 127. L. <span class='it'>orbitas</span>, orphanage, childlessness.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ordinary,</span></span> a public dinner, where each one pays his share. ‘Crown
ordinary’, a five-shilling dinner, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv.
2 (Norbret); ‘He kept a daily Ordinary (thanks being the only shot his
guests were to pay)’, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 6. 328. F. <span class='it'>ordinaire</span>, ‘ce qu’on a
accoutumé de servir pour le repas. <span class='it'>Il tient un bon ordinaire</span>’ (Dict. Acad.
1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ordinately,</span></span> regularly, in an orderly way, righteously; ‘To walke
ordinatly, and in a plain way’, Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber,
27). Cp. L. <span class='it'>ordinate</span>, in an orderly manner (Vulgate, 1 Mac. vi. 40).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ore,</span></span> the name of a fine kind of wool, esp. from Leominster; ‘To whom
did never sound the name of Lemster ore?’, Drayton, Polyolbion, song
vii, 1. 152; xiv. 237; ‘But then the ore of Lempster’, B. Jonson, The
Honour of Wales, 2 Song; ‘The finest Lemster ore’, Herrick, Oberon’s
Palace; Fuller, Worthies, 33. See EDD., NED., and Notes and Queries,
6th S. i. 260.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ore,</span></span> seaweed. Drayton, Pol. iv. 74. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.vv.
Ore and Ware). OE. <span class='it'>wār</span>, ‘alga’ (Napier, OE. Glosses, 23. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orgule,</span></span> pride. State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 88 (NED.). OF. <span class='it'>orguel</span>
(F. <span class='it'>orgueil</span>), pride.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>orguillous,</span> proud, haughty; ‘Proud and orgulllous’, Caxton, Reynard
(ed. Arber, 36); <span class='it'>orgillous</span>, Tr. and Cr., Prol. 2. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>orguillous</span> (Gower,
Mirour, 1612). F. <span class='it'>orgueilleux</span>, proud.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oricalche,</span></span> a very precious metal. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 78. L. <span class='it'>orichalcum</span>,
yellow copper ore, brass, highly prized by the ancients; Gk. ὀρείχαλκος,
mountain-copper (hence F. <span class='it'>archal</span>, in <span class='it'>fil d’archal</span>, brass-wire).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orient,</span></span> applied to pearls and precious stones of superior quality and
brilliancy, as coming from the East. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca).
Hence lustrous, brilliant, bright; ‘Now Morn .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. sowed the earth with
orient pearl’, Milton, P. L. v. 2; ‘Ten thousand banners rise into the air
with orient colours waving’, id., i. 516. Cp. F. <span class='it'>perles d’Orient</span> (Dict. Acad.
1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='oringado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oringado,</span></span> candied orange-peel. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, i. 1
(Steward). Cp. Span. <span class='it'>naranjada</span>, ‘a conserve made with oranges’; <span class='it'>naranja</span>,
orange (Stevens). See <span class='bold'><a href='#orangeado-pie'>orangeado-pie</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ork, orc,</span></span> a sea-monster. Drayton, Pol. ii. 95; vii. 51. L. <span class='it'>orca</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orkyn,</span></span> a small coin, a quarter of a stiver; ‘Bye an yearthen potte .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
for an orkyn’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 28. Du. <span class='it'>oortken</span>, ‘an <span class='it'>orkey</span>,
or the fourth part of a stiver, or two doits’ (Hexham); dimin. of <span class='it'>oort</span>, a
small coin; see Franck.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orped,</span></span> stout, active, bold. Spelt <span class='it'>orpid</span>, Golding, Metam. vii. 440; fol.
85 (1603); (of a boar) fierce, furious, id., viii. 395; fol. 99. ME. <span class='it'>orped</span>,
stout, brave (Gower, C. A. i. 2590); see Dict. M. and S. OE. <span class='it'>orped</span>, gloss
of <span class='it'>adultus</span>, syn. <span class='it'>snell</span> (Napier, OE. Glosses, 3361).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orpharion,</span></span> a large kind of lute with from six to nine pairs of strings,
played with a plectrum; ‘The orpharion to the lute’, Drayton, Pastorals,
iii. 111. Composed of the names of Orpheus and Arion, mythical musicians
of Greek poetry.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orphelin,</span></span> an orphan. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 171. 11. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>orphelin</span>, destitute, <span class='it'>orphanin</span>, an orphan (Gower); Late L. type *<span class='it'>orphaninus</span>,
deriv. of <span class='it'>orphanus</span>, Gk. ὀρφανός, bereft of parents or children.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orpin,</span></span> orpiment, yellow arsenic. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 713.
F. <span class='it'>orpin</span>, ‘orpine, orpiment or arsenick’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ortyard,</span></span> orchard. Golding, Metam. xiv. 624; fol. 175, back (1603).
OE. <span class='it'>ortgeard</span>. The first element <span class='it'>ort</span> = L. <span class='it'>hortus</span> (in Med. L. <span class='it'>ortus</span>), a garden;
cp. Norm. F. <span class='it'>ort</span>, ‘jardin, verger’ (Moisy 558), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>ort</span> (Gower, Mirour,
12868).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ospringer,</span></span> an osprey. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 557; ‘Ospringe,
a byrde’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ossifrage,</span></span> the Lammergeyer or Geir Eagle, identified with the
‘ossifraga’ of Pliny; ‘<span class='it'>Ossifrage</span>, a kind of Eagle, having so strong a Beak
that therewith she breaks bones and is therefore called a bone-breaker’,
Blount; in <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Lev. xi. 13, ossifrage (RV. gier eagle). Identified
with the ‘osprey’ or fish-hawk. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 505.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ostend,</span></span> to show. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Q. Mary), ed. Dyce, p. 194;
Heywood, Silver Age (Jupiter), vol. iii, p. 163. L. <span class='it'>ostendere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ostent,</span></span> a prodigy, manifestation. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 748;
show, Hen. V, v, chorus, 21; ostentation, Heywood, Iron Age, Part I
(Ulysses); vol. iii, p. 329. Also, to display, Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. ii, c. 14, § 6. L. <span class='it'>ostentum</span>, a prodigy (Vulg., Exod. vii. 3); <span class='it'>ostentare</span>, to
display (Vulg., Heb. vi. 11).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>osteria,</span></span> a hostelry, inn. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca); Beaumont
and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2. 1. Ital. <span class='it'>osteria</span> (Florio), Med. L. <span class='it'>hostellaria</span>,
‘diversorium’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ostry,</span></span> a hostelry. Marlowe, Faustus, ii. 3 (Robin). Hence <span class='it'>ostry-faggot</span>,
a faggot in a hostelry, Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1242); p. 133, col. 1.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#hostry'>hostry</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>otacousticon,</span></span> an ear-trumpet, an instrument used to assist hearing.
Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3 (Ronca). Gk. ὠτ- (ὠτός, gen. of οὖς an ear) +
ἀκουστικός, acoustic.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>other,</span></span> left; <span class='it'>other leg</span>, left leg, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 23; <span class='it'>other eye</span>, left eye,
id., iii. 9. 5; <span class='it'>other hand</span>, left hand, id., v. 12. 36.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>other-gates,</span></span> of another kind. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1
(Truepenny); ‘Works .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. requiring other-gates workmen’, Gauden,
Tears of the Church, Pref. (Davies); in another way, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 199.
Still survives in the north country and in Warwicksh. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ouch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ouch,</span></span> the socket of a precious stone, an ornament, jewel. Fletcher,
Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Moroso); ‘Thou shalt make them (the stones) to be
set in ouches of gold’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Exod. xxviii. 11; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 52. ME.
<span class='it'>nowch</span>, ‘monile, scutuler’ (Prompt. EETS. 309). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>nouche</span>, a brooch
(Gower, Balades, xxxiii. 2); <span class='it'>nusche</span> (Rough List). See <span class='bold'><a href='#owch'>owch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ought'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ought,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> owned, possessed. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1
(Leonora). Also, owed; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 608; Spenser, F. Q.
i. 4. 39; ii. 8. 40. ME. <span class='it'>oght</span> (Dest. Troy, 12404), <span class='it'>ouhte</span>, owned, possessed
(P. Plowman, C. iv. 72). OE. <span class='it'>āhte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>āgan</span>, to possess, own. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#owe'>owe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oultrage,</span></span> ‘outrage’, violence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 182, back, 31.
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>oultrage</span>, <span class='it'>oltrage</span>, <span class='it'>outrage</span>, extravagant conduct (Gower). Med. L.
<span class='it'>ultragium</span>, ‘immoderatio’, ‘injuria’ (Ducange), deriv. of L. <span class='it'>ultra</span>, beyond.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oultrance:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>put to oultrance</span>, put to the extremity, put to death;
Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 67, back, 10. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>oultrance</span>: ‘la guerre jusques
al oultrance’ (Gower, Mirour, 8040); see NED. (s.v. Outrance). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#utterance'>utterance</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ouphe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ouphe,</span></span> a fairy, an ‘elf’, ‘oaf’, goblin, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 49. Icel.
<span class='it'>ālfr</span>, an elf. See <span class='bold'><a href='#aulf'>aulf</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out,</span></span> proverbial saying, <span class='it'>out of God’s blessing into the warm sun</span>, from better
to worse, Heywood’s Proverbs, bk. ii, ch. 5 (ed. Farmer, pp. 67 and
148); Harrison, Desc. Britain, in Holinshed (ed. 1577, i. fol. 11a). Cp.
Lyly’s Euphues (ed. Arber, 320), ‘Thou forsakest God’s blessing to sit
in a warme Sunne’; and, ‘If thou wilt follow my advice .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. thou shalt
come out of a warme Sunne into God’s blessing’ (id. 196), where the
proverb is reversed; ‘Thou must approve the common saw, Thou out of
heaven’s benediction comest To the warm sun!’ King Lear, ii. 2. 157, 158
(see W. A. Wright’s note in C. P. Series). The original meaning of this
proverbial expression is not clear.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out,</span></span> to put out, extinguish, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 735; ‘Witness
that Taper whose prophetick snuff Was outed and revived with one puff’,
Quarles, Argalus and Parthenia (ed. 1678, 77).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outbrast,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> burst out. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. Pt. t. of ME.
<span class='it'>outbresten</span>; ‘The blode outbrast’ (Dest. Troy, 8045); see NED. (s.v. Outburst).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out-brayed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> brayed out, uttered aloud. Sackville, Induction,
st. 18. Doubtless confused with <span class='bold'><a href='#abraid1'>abraid</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out-breast,</span></span> to outvoice, surpass in singing. Two Noble Kinsmen,
v. 3. 145.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outcept,</span></span> except. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan); ii. 1 (Hilts).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out-cry,</span></span> an auction; because such a sale was proclaimed by the
common crier. B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia); New Inn, i. 1 (Host);
Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (Bellides). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outrecuidance,</span></span> arrogance. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Dique);
Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 2) (Golding). F. <span class='it'>oultrecuidance</span>, an overweening
presumption, pride, arrogancy (Cotgr.); F. <span class='it'>outrecuidance</span>; O. Prov. <span class='it'>oltracuidar</span>,
<span class='it'>oltra</span>, L. <span class='it'>ultra</span>, beyond + <span class='it'>cuidar</span>, to think, L. <span class='it'>cogitare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outrider,</span></span> a highwayman. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outsquat,</span></span> to throw out (as from a sling), to scatter; ‘The greatest
sort with slings their plummet-lompes of lead outsquats’, Phaer, tr. of
Aeneid, vii. 687.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overcraw,</span></span> to triumph over, lit. to crow over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 50.
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overdight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> covered over. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 53; iv. 8. 34. <span class='it'>Dight</span>,
pp., appears in later poetic language to be often taken as an archaic form
of <span class='it'>decked</span>, see NED. (s.v. Dight, vb. 10).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overflown,</span></span> flushed with wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 2 (Ph.). Cp.
Milton, P. L., i. 502, ‘Then wander forth the sons of Belial, flown with
insolence and wine.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overgrast,</span></span> overgrown with grass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overhaile,</span></span> to draw over. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 75. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hale2'>hale and ho</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overlashing,</span></span> extravagant. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 105); extravagance,
Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overlive,</span></span> to survive. Bacon, Essay 27, § 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overlook,</span></span> to look down upon, despise. Hen. V, iii. 5. 9; B. Jonson,
Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overlop,</span></span> the planking of a deck; the ‘orlop’; ‘His bed was not laid
upon the overlop’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Shak. Plutarch,
p. 295, § 3). Du. <span class='it'>overloop</span>, ‘the covert or deck of anything; the hatches
of a ship’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overseen,</span></span> betrayed into error, deluded. Chapman, Argument 2 to
Iliad, bk. xiv; intoxicated, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16; ed. Arber,
p. 37. ‘Overseen’ is still in prov. use in both senses: (1) cheated, deluded;
(2) overcome with drink, intoxicated; see EDD. (s.v. Overseen,
3 and 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>over-shot,</span></span> i.e. an <span class='it'>over-shot mill</span>, a mill worked by water pouring over
the top of the wheel. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 2 (Chilax).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overthwart,</span></span> across, transversely. Morte Arthur, leaf 262, back, 15;
bk. x, c. 64; cross, malicious, id., lf. 180. 25; bk. ix, c. 15; an adverse
circumstance, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 12; in Tottel’s Misc. p. 27.
‘Overthwart’ (meaning across) is in prov. use in many parts of England
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>overthwarte</span>: ‘<span class='it'>ovyr wharte</span>, transversus’ (Prompt. EETS. 321).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overture,</span></span> an open space. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 28. The gloss
has: ‘<span class='it'>Overture</span>, an open place; the word is borrowed of the French, and
used in good writers.’ Anglo-F. <span class='it'>overture</span>, an opening (Gower).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overture,</span></span> used to mean <span class='it'>overthrow</span>. Middleton, Family of Love, i. 1
(Glister). See NED. for other examples.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overwent,</span></span> oppressed, subdued. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 2. The
gloss has: ‘overwent, overgone.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='owch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>owch,</span></span> a clasp, esp. a jewelled clasp, jewel. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 31.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#ouch'>ouch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>owdell,</span></span> a kind of poem. Drayton, Pol. iv. 184. Welsh <span class='it'>awdl</span>, a rime
or assonance.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='owe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>owe,</span></span> to possess. Tempest, i. 2. 407; Meas. for M. i. 4. 83; ii. 4. 123.
ME. <span class='it'>owen</span>, to possess (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 361); OE. <span class='it'>āgan</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ought'>ought</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ower,</span></span> a form of <span class='it'>oar</span>; ‘And there row’d off with owers of my hands’,
Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 628; cp. ‘my hands for oars’, id., x. 482.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Owlglass'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Owlglass,</span></span> a jester, buffoon. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca to
Histrio). The word is an English equivalent of German <span class='it'>Eulenspiegel</span>; see
below. ‘A merye jeste of a Man that was called Howleglas’, Title of an
old German jest-book translated into English in 1560.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='owl-spiegle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>owl-spiegle,</span></span> an English part-rendering of German <span class='it'>Eulenspiegel</span> (<span class='it'>Eule</span>,
owl + <span class='it'>spiegel</span>, glass mirror), the name of a German jester of mediaeval times,
the hero of a jest-book. Used as a term of abuse: ‘Out, thou houlet! .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
owl-spiegle!’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘Ulen Spiegel!’,
Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Hence F. <span class='it'>espiègle</span> (Hatzfeld). See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ox:</span></span> Proverbial saying—<span class='it'>The black ox has trod on his foot</span>, i.e. he has fallen
into decay or adversity; it often implies old age: ‘She was a pretty
wench .&nbsp;. now .&nbsp;. the black oxe hath trod on her foote’, Lyly, Sapho and
Phao, iv. 2 (Venus); ‘When .&nbsp;. the blacke Oxe (shall) treade on their
foote—who wil like of them in their age who loved none in their youth’,
id., Euphues (ed. Arber, 55); ‘The black ox had not trod on his nor her
foot’, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 17); ‘The black ox never trod
on his foot, i.e. he never knew what sorrow or adversity meant’, Ray,
Prov. Phrases (ed. Bohn, 173). Cp. Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. 6
(Gnomaticus). The saying is still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='P'>P</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paciens,</span></span> ‘patience’, a name given in the north and north-west of
England to the bistort; ‘The herbe [Tobacco] is .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. garnished with great
long leaves like the paciens’, Harrison, Descr. of England, Chronology,
1573 (ed. Furnivall, p. lv). See NED. (s.v. Passions).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pack,</span></span> to practise deceitful collusion, to plot. Titus And. iv. 2. 155;
<span class='it'>packed</span>, confederate, Com. Errors, v. 1. 219; contrived, Fletcher, Span.
Curate, iv. 5 (Bartolus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>packing,</span></span> confederacy, conspiracy, collusion. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 121;
Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iii. 1 (Giovanni).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pad,</span></span> a toad, proverbial saying, <span class='it'>a pad in the straw</span>, a lurking danger; ‘In
straw thear lurcketh soom pad’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 656; Gosson,
School of Abuse, 63; Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Chat). In Yorks.
‘pad’ is used for a frog (EDD.); Icel. <span class='it'>padda</span>, a toad; Flem. <span class='it'>padde</span>, ‘crapauld’
(Plantin).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>paddock,</span> a toad. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190; a frog, ‘Padockes, <span class='it'>grenouilles</span>’,
Palsgrave, 502. In gen. prov. use for a frog or toad (EDD.).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pad,</span></span> a path, track. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.); <span class='it'>horse
pad</span>, a horse-path, Bunyan, Grace Abounding (NED.); <span class='it'>high pad</span>, the highway,
Harman, Caveat, 84; also, a highwayman, ‘The High-Pad or
Knight of the Road’, R. Head, Canting Acad. 88. <span class='it'>Pad</span>, a road-horse, a
pad-nag, Shirley, Witty Fair One, i. 1. 5. Hence <span class='it'>padder</span>, a foot-pad,
Massinger, New Way to pay, &amp;c., ii. 1 (Marrall); <span class='it'>padding</span>, robbing on the
highway, ‘Ride out a-padding’, Dryden, Princess of Cleves, Prol. 29.
‘Pad’ is in gen. prov. use for a path in various parts of the British Isles
(EDD.). Low G. <span class='it'>pad</span>, path; <span class='it'>padden</span>, to go on foot (Koolman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pad3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pad,</span></span> a wicker pannier; ‘A haske is a wicker pad’, Glosse by E. K. to
Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16. In prov. use in the eastern counties, see
EDD. (s.v. Pad, sb.<sup>5</sup>), and NED. (Pad, sb.<sup>4</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pagador,</span></span> pay-master. Spenser, State of Ireland (Wks., Globe ed., 657).
Span. <span class='it'>pagador</span>, a paymaster (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pagan,</span></span> a cant term of reproach. A paramour, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 168;
a bastard, Fletcher, Captain, iv. 2 (Host).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paggle,</span></span> to hang loosely down, like a bag. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3
(1421); scene 10. 63 (W.); p. 171, l. 1 (D.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paigle,</span></span> a cowslip. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 7);
spelt <span class='it'>paggles</span>, pl., Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 25. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>painful,</span></span> painstaking, laborious. L. L. L. ii. 23; Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 147;
‘Such servants are oftenest painfull and good’, Tusser, Husbandry, 170.
Still in use in the north country (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='painted1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>painted,</span></span> adorned with bright colouring; ‘A peinted sheathe’, a handsome
exterior, Udall, tr. of Apoth., Diogenes, § 190; pride, vainglory, id.,
Socrates, § 56; ‘Peinted termes’, grandiloquence, id., Antigonus, § 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>painted cloth,</span></span> cloth or canvas painted in oils and used for hangings
in rooms. L. L. L. v. 2. 579; As You Like It, iii. 2. 290; 1 Hen. IV, iv.
2. 28. It often showed moral pictures. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pair of cards,</span></span> a pack of cards; ‘A payre of cardes’, Ascham, Toxophilus,
p. 49; Fletcher, Sea-voyage, i. 1 (Tibalt). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pair of organs,</span></span> an organ. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 1 (Sir B.);
‘<span class='it'>Unes orgues</span>, a payre of organs, an instrument of musyke’, Palsgrave, 183.
See NED. (s.v. Organ, 2 c).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pair-royal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pair-royal,</span></span> in cribbage and other card games, three cards of the same
denomination; a throw of three dice all turning up the same number of
points, as three twos, &amp;c. Hence, a set of three persons or things, Ford,
Broken Heart, v. 3; ‘That great pair-royal of adamantine sisters’,
Quarles, Emblems, v; Howell, Lex. Tetraglotton, Dedication; Butler,
Ballad upon the Parliament (last line; <span class='it'>pair-royal</span>, riming with <span class='it'>trial</span>);
‘That paroyall of armies’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 2. 22. See Nares and NED.
‘Prial’ is in prov. use in various parts of England in the sense of (1) a
‘pair-royal’ in cards, (2) three of a sort, (3) a gathering of persons of
a similar disposition (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#parreal'>parreal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paise;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#peise'>peise</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pall,</span></span> to become faint, to fail in strength. Hamlet, v. 2. 9; Phaer,
Aeneid ix (NED.); to enfeeble, weaken; to daunt, appal, King James I,
Kingis Quair, st. 18; Fletcher, Bloody Brother, ii. 1 (Latorch); Peele,
Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 532).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palliard,</span></span> a lewd person, a thorough rascal. Dryden, Hind and
Panther, ii. 563; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). <span class='it'>Palliards</span>, one of
the twenty-four orders of Vagabonds; beggars who excited compassion by
means of artificial sores, made by binding some corrosive to the flesh; see
Harman, Caveat, p. 44, and Aydelotte, p. 27. F. <span class='it'>paillard</span>, ‘a knave, rascall’,
&amp;c. (Cotgr.); lit. one who lies on straw; F. <span class='it'>paille</span>, L. <span class='it'>palea</span>, straw.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palm,</span></span> the flat expanded part of a deer’s horn, whence the points project.
Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 124.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palmplay,</span></span> a game resembling tennis, but played with the hand instead
of a bat. Surrey, Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13.
Cp. F. <span class='it'>jeu de paume</span> (Dict. de l’Acad., s.v. Paume).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palped,</span></span> that can be felt, palpable. Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Icilius);
Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 206. L. <span class='it'>palpare</span>, to feel.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palt,</span></span> to trudge; ‘Palting to school’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, ii. 165.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palter,</span></span> to shift, shuffle, equivocate. Macbeth, v. 8. 20; Ant. and Cl.
iii. 11. 63.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paltock,</span></span> a short coat, sleeved doublet. Morte Arthur, leaf 89, 27;
bk. v, c. 10; OF. <span class='it'>paletocque</span>; ‘Paltocke, a garment, <span class='it'>halcret</span>’ (Palsgrave).
ME. <span class='it'>paltok</span> (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 25); <span class='it'>paltoke</span> (Prompt. EETS., see note, no.
1569). F. <span class='it'>palletoc</span>, ‘a long and thick pelt or cassock, a garment like a short
cloak with sleeves’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Paletot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Paltock’s inn,</span></span> a mean or inhospitable place; Paltock is probably
here a proper name, but the allusion is unknown. Gosson, School of Abuse,
p. 52; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 65 (a rendering of the Lat. ‘pollutum
hospitium’, l. 61).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pampestry,</span></span> a corrupt form of <span class='it'>palmistry</span>. Mirror for Mag., Bladud,
st. 25. ME. <span class='it'>pawmestry</span> (Lydgate, Assembly of Gods, 870).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pamphysic,</span></span> concerning all nature. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).
Gk. παμ- + φυσικός.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>panada, panado,</span></span> bread boiled to a pulp, and flavoured with currants,
sugar, &amp;c. <span class='it'>Panada</span>, Massinger, A New Way, i. 2 (Furnace); <span class='it'>panado</span>,
Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Gasparo). In Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver),
the word is spelt <span class='it'>poynado</span>. Span. <span class='it'>panada</span>. See Stanford (s.v. Panade).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>panarchic,</span></span> all-ruling. A nonce-word. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1
(Subtle). Gk. πάναρχος, all-ruling + <span class='it'>-ic</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>panax,</span></span> all-heal; a healing plant, whence opopanax is made. Middleton,
The Witch, iii. 3 (Firestone). L. <span class='it'>panax</span>; Gk. πάναξ, πανακής, all-healing.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pandora,</span></span> a ‘bandore’, a musical instrument, a kind of lute. Rowley,
All’s Lost, ii. 1. 4; <span class='it'>pandore</span>, Drayton, Pol. iv. 63. Gk. πανδοῦρα. See
Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paned hose,</span></span> breeches made of strips of different coloured cloth joined
together; or of cloth cut into strips, between which ribs or stripes of
another material or colour were inserted or drawn through. Beaumont
and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 2 (Lazarillo); Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1
(Cunningham). From <span class='it'>pane</span>, a patch of cloth. OF. <span class='it'>pan</span>, L. <span class='it'>pannus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>panel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pannel'>pannel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pannam,</span></span> bread (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman,
Caveat, p. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pannel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pannel,</span></span> a panel; a piece of cloth placed under the saddle to protect
the horse’s back; also, a rough saddle. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 447; ‘A straw-stufft
pannel’, Hall, Sat. iv. 2. 26; <span class='it'>panel</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5.
OF. <span class='it'>panel</span>, a piece of cloth for a saddle, F. ‘<span class='it'>paneau</span> (<span class='it'>panneau</span>), a pannel of
a saddle’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pannikell,</span></span> the brain-pan, skull. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23. L. <span class='it'>panniculus</span>,
the membranous structure of the brain, see NED. (s.v. Pannicle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pantler,</span></span> the officer of a household in charge of the pantry. 2 Hen. IV,
ii. 4. 258; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (Springlove); ‘A pantler, <span class='it'>panis custos</span>,
<span class='it'>promus</span>’, Gouldman. ME. <span class='it'>pantelere</span>, ‘panitarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 326,
see note, no. 1571).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pantofle,</span></span> a slipper, Massinger, Bashful Lover, v. 1; Unnat. Combat,
iii. 2 (Page); Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 2 (Servant); Spanish Curate,
iv. 1 (Ascanio); ‘<span class='it'>Baseæ</span> .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. a kynde of slippers or pantofles’, Cooper,
Thesaurus. F. <span class='it'>pantoufle</span> (1489 in Hatzfeld). The usual English stress on the
first syllable facilitated the corruptions: <span class='it'>pantapple</span> (Baret), <span class='it'>pantable</span> (Sydney,
Arcadia), <span class='it'>pantocle</span> (Ascham, Scholemaster, ed. Arber, 84), assimilated to
words in <span class='it'>-ple</span>, <span class='it'>-ble</span>, <span class='it'>-cle</span>. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pap:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>pap with a hatchet</span>, infant’s food administered with a hatchet
instead of a spoon; an ironical phrase for a form of reproof or chastisement;
‘They give us pap with a spoon before we can speak; and when wee
speake for that wee love [like], <span class='it'>pap with a hatchet</span>’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3
(Livia); the name of a controversial tract attributed to Lyly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parage,</span></span> lineage; esp. noble lineage, high birth. Morte Arthur, leaf 110,
back, 5; bk. vii, c.5; ‘Of high and noble parages’, Udall, Roister Doister,
Act i, sc. 2; ed. Arber, p. 17. OF. <span class='it'>parage</span>, ‘parente, affinité; noblesse,
naissance illustre’ (Didot); see Moisy. O. Prov. <span class='it'>paratge</span>, ‘naissance noble,
noblesse’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>paraticum</span>, see Ducange (s.v. Paragium).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='paramento'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paramento,</span></span> an article of apparel. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1
(Incubo). Span. <span class='it'>paramento</span>, ornament; Med. L. <span class='it'>paramentum</span>, ornament;
<span class='it'>parare</span>, ‘ornare’ (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pare'>pare</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paranymph,</span></span> friend of the bridegroom. Milton, Samson, 1020. F.
<span class='it'>paranymphe</span>, ‘.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. an assistant in the .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. ordering of bridall businesses’
(Cotgr.). Gk. παράνυμφος, friend of the bridegroom (John iii. 29); Gk.
παρά, beside; νύμφη, bride.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parator;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#paritor'>paritor</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paravaunt,</span></span> beforehand, first of all. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 16; vi. 10.
15. F. <span class='it'>par avant</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parboil,</span></span> to boil thoroughly. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1
(Downright). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parbreak, parbrake,</span></span> to vomit. Skelton, Duke of Albany, 322;
Hall, Satires, i. 5. 9; Palsgrave. 478; Horman, Vulg. 39 (NED.); also, as
sb., vomit, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 20. ME. <span class='it'>parbrakynge</span>, ‘vomitus’ (Prompt.);
the usual form in Prompt. is <span class='it'>brakyn</span>, ‘vomo’ (see ed. EETS., Index, p. 749).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parcel,</span></span> a portion, part, share; ‘A parcel of ground’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, John
iv. 5; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 68. 63; Merry Wives, i. 1. 237; item,
particular, All’s Well, iv. 3. 104; small party, L. L. L. v. 2. 160.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parcel,</span></span> partly; <span class='it'>parcel-gilt</span>, partly gilded, esp. of silver ware. 2 Hen. IV,
ii. 1. 94. <span class='it'>Parcel</span>, used for <span class='it'>parcel-gilt</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3
(Mother). So also <span class='it'>parcel-bawd</span>; Meas. for M. ii. 1. 63; Fletcher, Captain,
i. 1 (Lodovico). <span class='it'>Parcel-popish</span>, Fuller, Worthies, Somerset. See NED.
(s.v. Parcel, <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parclose, perclose,</span></span> close, conclusion, esp. of literary matter.
Warner, Alb. Eng. Epit. (ed. 1612, 377); Quarles, Sol. Recant. vii. 97.
Norm. F. <span class='it'>parclose</span>, conclusion (Moisy); see also Didot.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parcloos, parclose,</span></span> an enclosed space in a building, small chamber.
Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 9, back, 25. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>parclose</span>, an enclosure (Gower);
OF. <span class='it'>parclouse</span>, ‘clos, lieu cultivé et fermé de murs ou de haies’ (Didot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pardalis,</span></span> a panther. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 667; <span class='it'>pardale</span>,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 626. Gk. πάρδαλις, fem., a panther.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pare,</span></span> to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 245, back, 26; Knight of la
Tour (EETS.), p. 67, l. 2. Hence <span class='it'>parement</span>, an ornament, id., leaf 236. 27.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#paramento'>paramento</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='paregal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paregal,</span></span> fully equal. Skelton, Dethe of E. of Northumberland, 134;
<span class='it'>peregall</span>, id., Speke Parrot, 430. Norm. F. <span class='it'>paregal</span>, ‘parfaitement égal’;
see Moisy (s.v. Parigal). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peregall'>peregall</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='parel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parel,</span></span> ‘apparel’, clothing, attire; ‘A shining parel .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. of Tirian
purple’, Surrey, Aeneid iv, 337. Hence, <span class='it'>parrelments</span>, clothes, Heywood,
Witches of Lancs., i (near end), Wks. iv. 186. ME. <span class='it'>paraille</span>, clothing
(P. Plowman, B. xi. 228). Norm. F. <span class='it'>apareiller</span>, ‘parer, orner’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parerga,</span></span> unimportant matters, secondary business. B. Jonson, Magnetic
Lady, i. 1 (Compass). Gk. πάρεργα, pl. of πάρεργον, by-work.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='parget'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parget,</span></span> ornamental work in plaster. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 9.
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>pargeter</span>, projeter, jeter et répandre en avant (Ch. Rol. 2634); see
Moisy (s.v. Parjeter). See Dict., and see <span class='bold'><a href='#pergit'>pergit</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='parish-top'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parish-top,</span></span> a large top kept for public exercise in a parish. Twelfth
Nt. i. 3. 44. See <span class='bold'><a href='#town-top'>town-top</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='paritor'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paritor, parator,</span></span> ‘apparitor’, a summoning officer of an ecclesiastical
court. Fletcher, Span. Curato, v. 2 (Bartolus); <span class='it'>parator</span>, Heywood,
2 Edw. IV (1 Apparitor), vol. i, p. 161. L. <span class='it'>apparitor</span>, a public servant,
such as a lictor (Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parket,</span></span> a ‘parakeet’. Marston, The Fawn, ii. 1 (Nymphadore).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parlance,</span></span> speaking, speech; parleying. Speed, Hist. Gt. Britain, ix.
12. 575 (NED.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>parlance</span>, ‘entretien’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parlant,</span></span> one who parleys, or takes part in a conference. Warner,
Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 19, st. 32.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parle,</span></span> a parley, conference. Tam. Shrew i. 1. 117; Hamlet, i. 1. 62;
to parley. L. L. L. v. 2. 122.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parlous,</span></span> alarming, mischievous, ‘perilous’, shrewd. Mids. Night’s D.
iii. 1. 14; Richard III, ii. 4. 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parmesant,</span></span> cheese made in the duchy of Parma. Middleton, The
Changeling, i. 2 (3 Madman); <span class='it'>parmesent</span>, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 4 (Poggio). F. <span class='it'>parmesan</span>,
Ital. <span class='it'>parmegiano</span>, belonging to Parma. See Stanford (s.v. Parmesan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parnel,</span></span> a wanton young woman. Phillips, Dict., 1678; Becon, Popish
Mass (Works, iii. 41), see NED. ME. <span class='it'>pernelle</span> (P. Plowman, B. iv. 116);
F. <span class='it'>peronnelle</span>, ‘une femme de peu’ (Dict. Acad., ed. 1762). ‘Parnel’ orig. a
feminine Christian name, ME. <span class='it'>Peronelle</span> (Gower, C. A. i. 3396); OF. <span class='it'>Peronelle</span>,
a Christian name from St. <span class='it'>Petronilla</span>. Hence the surname Parnell (Bardsley,
582).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paroli,</span></span> at faro or basset, the leaving of the money staked and the money
won as a new stake; a doubling of the stakes. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair,
ii. 1 (Banter); id., ii. 2 (Wildair). Ital. <span class='it'>paroli</span>, ‘a grand part, set, or cast at
dice’; <span class='it'>parolare</span>, ‘to play at a grand part at dice’ (Florio). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paronomasia,</span></span> a pun, play upon words; ‘The jingle of a more poor
paranomasia’, Dryden, Account of Annus Mirabilis. Gk. παρονομσία.
See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='parreal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parreal,</span></span> ‘pair-royal’; meaning three of a sort. ‘The <span class='it'>we’s</span>, which is
a distinct <span class='it'>parreal</span> of wit bound by itself’, &amp;c., Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3
(Wanton). The allusion is probably to the public-house sign, ‘We
Three Loggerheads be’, a jocular painting of <span class='it'>two</span> silly-looking faces, the
unsuspecting spectator being of course the third. See History of Signboards
(1866), p. 458. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pair-royal'>pair-royal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parrelments;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#parel'>parel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='parsee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parsee,</span></span> the trail of blood left by a wounded animal; ‘A .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. dogge that
hunts my heart By <span class='it'>parsee</span> each-wheare found’ (i.e. found everywhere by
means of the blood-trail), Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 36, st. 90;
‘Ascanius and his company, drawing by <span class='it'>parsie</span> [by the trail] after the
stagge’, id., prose addition to bk. ii, § 22. F. <span class='it'>percé</span>, lit. pierced; hence,
a wounded animal. Finally, confused with <span class='it'>pursue</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#persue'>persue</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parson,</span></span> a prov. pronunciation of ‘person’. Middleton, No Wit like a
Woman’s, iii. 1 (Sir G. Lamb.); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 1 (Servant).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>part,</span></span> a party, a body of adherents or partisans; ‘The part of Chalengers’,
Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 25.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>partage,</span></span> a share. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 2 (Mariana).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>partage</span>, sharing (Gower, Mirour, 1654).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parted,</span></span> gifted with good parts. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 96; Massinger,
Gt. Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Sanazzaro).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Partlet,</span></span> a word used as the proper name of any hen; also applied to
a woman. Winter’s Tale, ii. 3. 75; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 60. ME. <span class='it'>Pertelote</span>,
the name of the hen in Chaucer’s Nun’s Priest’s Tale (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4075, 4295,
4552).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>partlette,</span></span> a neckerchief or handkerchief. Tyndale, Acts xix. 12,
<span class='it'>partlettes</span> = ‘semicinctia’ (Vulgate), σιμικίνθια, aprons; <span class='it'>partelettes</span>, Cranmer’s
Bible, 1539; ‘<span class='it'>Un collet ou gorgias de quoi les femmes couvrent leurs poictrines</span>, a
partlet’, Hollyband, 1580 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pash,</span></span> the head; usually in a depreciatory sense. Wint. Tale, i. 2.
128. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pash,</span></span> to dash into pieces. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 (Harpax);
Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 213; v. 2. 10; to hurl, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 2 (414)
(Orlando). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pashe:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>for the pashe of God</span>, Roister Doister, iv. 3; <span class='it'>for the pashe of
our sweete Lord Jesus Christ</span>, id., v. 5; <span class='it'>for the passion of God</span>, id., iv. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pass,</span></span> to go beyond, exceed, surpass. Merry Wives, i. 1. 310. Hence
<span class='it'>passing</span>, surpassing; ‘Passing the love of women’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Sam. i. 26;
Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 24; extremely, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. See EDD. (s.v.
Pass, vb. 8).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pass,</span></span> to care, reck; ‘I do not pass a pin’, Greene (Alphonsus), i. 1;
<span class='it'>to pass of</span>, to care for, regard, ‘I pass not of his frivolous speeches’, id.,
Friar Bacon, i. 2. 271; <span class='it'>to pass for</span>, to care for, Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 4
(Edward).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='passado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passado,</span></span> a motion forwards and thrust in fencing. L. L. L. i. 2. 184;
Romeo, ii. 4. 26; iii. 1. 88. Cp. F. <span class='it'>passade</span>, Sp. <span class='it'>pasada</span>, It. <span class='it'>passata</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='passage'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passage,</span></span> a game at dice; ‘Passage is a game at dice to be played at
but by two, and it is performed with 3 dice. The caster throws continually
till he hath thrown dubblets under ten, and then he is out or
loseth, or dubblets above ten, and then he <span class='it'>passeth</span>, and wins’, Compleat
Gamester, 1680, p. 119 (Nares); ‘<span class='it'>Passe-dix</span>, such a game as our Passage’,
Cotgrave; ‘Learn to play at primero and passage’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out
of Hum. i. 1 (Carlo); Rowley, A Woman never vexed, ii. 1. 3. See <span class='bold'><a href='#court-passage'>court-passage</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passant</span></span> (in heraldry), walking and looking toward the dexter side,
with three paws down, and the dexter forepaw raised; said of an animal.
Merry Wives, i. 1. 20. F. <span class='it'>passant</span>, passing.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passata,</span></span> the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#passado'>passado</a>.</span> Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passe-measure, passameasure</span></span> (Florio, 1598, s.v. Passamezzo), a
slow dance of Italian origin, a variety of the ‘pavan’; <span class='it'>a passy measures
Pavyn</span>, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 205; <span class='it'>passa-measures galliard</span>, Middleton, More
Dissemblers, v. 1 (Page). Ital. <span class='it'>passamezzo</span>, for <span class='it'>passo e mezzo</span>, i.e. a step and
a half; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passement,</span></span> gold or silver lace, braid of silk or other material.
Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, iii. 1 (Arber, 150). F. <span class='it'>passement</span>; Span. <span class='it'>passamano</span>,
‘lace of gold, silver or silk for cloaths’ (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passion,</span></span> sorrow, grief. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3
(Dutch Merchant); iii. 1 (Weatherwise); a pathetic speech, Massinger,
The Old Law, i. 1 (Simonides).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passionate,</span></span> sorrowful; compassionate, loving, pitiful. King John,
ii. 1. 554; Richard III, i. 4. 121; Shirley, Changes, i. 2; Spenser, Colin
Clout, 427.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pastance,</span></span> pastime; ‘For my pastance, hunt, syng, and daunce’, Song
by Henry VIII; The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 23 (l. 5).
F. <span class='it'>passe-temps</span>; see Montaigne, Essais, III. xiii (ed. 1870, p. 584), on ‘cette
phrase ordinaire de “Passe-temps” ’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pastillo,</span></span> a small roll of aromatic paste prepared to be burnt as a
perfume. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). L. <span class='it'>pastillus</span>, an aromatic
lozenge (Horace).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pastler,</span></span> a maker of pastry, confectioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Alexander, § 9; ‘Cooks or Pastelars’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms,
115). ME. <span class='it'>pastelere</span>, ‘pastillarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 329, see note, no. 1582).
OF. <span class='it'>pastellier</span> (Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patache,</span></span> a tender, a vessel attending a squadron of ships; ‘Ships,
pynaces, pataches’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon; Works, ii. 256. Span.
<span class='it'>patache</span> (Stevens). Probably a Dalmatian word, cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>bastasia</span>,
‘naviculae apud Dalmatas species’ (Ducange). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patch,</span></span> a clown, a paltry fellow. Macbeth, v. 3. 15; Massinger, Virgin
Martyr, ii. 1 (Hireius).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pathaires,</span></span> explosive outbursts (?). Arden of Fev. iii. 5. 51. Not
found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patish,</span></span> to agree upon, bargain for; ‘The money, which the pirates
patished for his raunsome’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 1; ‘To pattish,
patise, covenant, <span class='it'>pacisci</span>’, Levins, Manip. ‘Pattish’ is given as an obsolete
Yorks. word in the sense of ‘to plot or contrive together’ (EDD.). Cp.
OF. <span class='it'>patis</span>, ‘pacte, traité’ (Didot); <span class='it'>patiser</span>, to agree upon; deriv. of L. <span class='it'>pactum</span>,
an agreement.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patoun,</span></span> the meaning is uncertain. In B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of
Hum. iv. 4, ‘the making of the patoun’ may refer to the moulding of the
tobacco into some shape for the pipe; cp. F. <span class='it'>pâton</span>, lump or pellet of paste
(Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patrico,</span></span> a hedge-priest among the gipsies, who performed marriages.
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, ii (Waspe),
near the end. See Aydelotte, p. 19.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patrone,</span></span> a ‘pattern’, copy, sampler, exemplar; ‘Make all thynges
accordynge to the patrone’ (κατὰ τὸν τύπον), Tyndale, Heb. viii. 5. The
Gk. τύπος is so rendered in Cranmer’s Bible (1539), and in the Geneva
Bible (1557); Coverdale, 2 Kings xvi. 10. F. <span class='it'>patron</span>, ‘modèle, exemple’
(Gloss. to Rabelais). O. Prov. <span class='it'>patron</span>, ‘modèle’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patten,</span></span> a form of <span class='it'>pattern</span>. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (<span class='it'>or</span> 2)
(E. Knowell); ‘A Patten, <span class='it'>prototypon</span>’, Levins, Manip.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paunce, pawnce,</span></span> the ‘pansy’, or heart’s-ease. Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
April, 142; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, c. 28, st. 43; <span class='it'>panse</span>, Holland,
Pliny, xxi. 10. 92. OF. <span class='it'>panse</span>, <span class='it'>pense</span>, thought, O. Prov. <span class='it'>pensa</span>, ‘pensée’
(Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pauncie,</span></span> the pansy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 24; F. <span class='it'>pensée</span>, ‘a
thought, also the flower Paunsie’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pautener, pawtener,</span></span> a wallet, scrip. Skelton, Ware the Hauke,
44; ‘Pautner, <span class='it'>malette</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>pawtenere</span>, <span class='it'>pawytnere</span>, ‘cassidile’
(Prompt. EETS. 330, see note, no. 1592). F. <span class='it'>pautonniere</span>, ‘a shepherd’s
scrip’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pavan,</span></span> a stately dance in which the dancers were elaborately dressed.
Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 23 (Arber, 61); <span class='it'>pavin</span>, Twelfth N. v. 1. 207;
<span class='it'>paven</span>, Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 2 (near end); <span class='it'>pavion</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
i. 19. 12. F. <span class='it'>pavane</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>pavana</span>, Span. <span class='it'>pavana</span> (<span class='it'>pabana</span>). See
Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pavis,</span></span> a convex shield large enough to cover the whole body, used esp.
in sieges; ‘The shotte .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. they defended with Pavishes’, Hall, Chron.
Hen. VIII, 42; ‘A pavis coveris thair left sydis’, Douglas, Aeneid vii,
13. 67; as used on board a ship, ranged along the sides as a defence
against archery, Lydgate, Siege Harfleur (Arber’s Garner, viii. 16). Span.
<span class='it'>paves</span> (Stevens); Ital. <span class='it'>pavese</span>, <span class='it'>palvese</span> (Florio); Med. L. <span class='it'>pavenses</span>, pl. (Ducange);
perhaps from Pavia, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Pavois).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paw,</span></span> improper, nasty, obscene; ‘Paw words’, Wycherley, Country
Wife, v. 2 (Horner); ‘Marrying is a paw thing’, Congreve, Love for Love,
v. 2 (Tattle). From <span class='it'>paw</span>, or <span class='it'>pah!</span> interj., expressive of disgust.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Pawn,</span></span> ‘the Pawn’; a corridor, which formed a kind of bazaar, in
Gresham’s Royal Exchange. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); ‘Little
lawn then served the Pawn’, T. Campion (ed. Bullen, 114). See Nares.
F. <span class='it'>pan</span> (de muraille), used in the Low Countries in the sense of ‘une
gallerie ou cloistre, lieu ou on vend quelque marchandise, ou où on se
pourmeine, <span class='it'>ambulacrum</span>’ (Kilian, 1599, s.v. Pandt). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>pandt</span>, ‘a Covert-walking
place, or a gallerie where things are sould’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pax'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pax,</span></span> a tablet bearing a representation of a sacred object, kissed by the
celebrating priest at mass, and passed round to be kissed by others.
Hen. V, iii. 6. 42. Eccles. L. <span class='it'>pax</span>, ‘instrumentum quod inter Missarum
solemnia populo osculandum praebetur’ (Ducange); also called <span class='it'>osculatorium</span>,
see Dict. Ch. Antiq. (s.v. Kiss, 903).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='payne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>payne mayne,</span></span> white bread of the finest quality; ‘Payne mayne,
<span class='it'>payn de bouche</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>payndemayn</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1915);
<span class='it'>payman</span>, ‘placencia’ (Voc. 788. 32). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>pain demeine</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>panis
dominicus</span>, lord’s bread, bread eaten by the master of the house; cp. L. <span class='it'>vinum
dominicum</span>, Petronius, Sat. § 30. See <span class='bold'><a href='#demain'>demain</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>payre,</span></span> to impair, make worse, spoil. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 26;
§ 97. 3. See <span class='bold'><a href='#appair'>appair</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paytrelle,</span></span> ‘poitrel’, breastplate for a horse. Morte Arthur, leaf 119,
back, 2; bk. vii, c. 17. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>peitral</span> (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Poitrel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peace,</span></span> to keep silence; ‘Peace, foolish woman. <span class='it'>Duchess.</span> I will not
peace’, Richard II, v. 2. 80; ‘He peaste and couched while that we passed
by’, Sackville, Mirror Mag., Induction, lxxii.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peak,</span></span> to make a mean figure, to play a contemptible part. Hamlet,
ii. 2. 594; <span class='it'>peaking</span>, sneaking, mean-spirited, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='peak2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peak,</span></span> to droop, to be sickly, Macbeth, i. 3. 23; Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 67. 27. The word ‘peaking’ is used in the sense of sickly, wasted away,
in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1 (2)).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#pick1'>pick</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peak-goose,</span></span> a dolt, a simpleton. Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber,
54); Prophetess, iv. 3 (1 Guard); spelt <span class='it'>pea-goose</span>, Beaumont and Fl.,
Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (Dinant); Cotgrave (s.v. Benet); Chapman,
Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Rhoderique).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peakish,</span></span> remote, solitary; ‘Did house him in a peakish grange
Within a forest great’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 42, st. 2;
‘Snow on Peakish Hull’ (hill), Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4 (Ballad of
Dowsabel, st. 5); ‘A pelting grange that peakishly did stand’, Golding,
tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 521 (L. <span class='it'>obscura</span>). See NED., where ‘Peakish’ is shown
to refer (probably) to the ‘Peak’ in Derbyshire.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pearl,</span></span> a disease of the eye. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza).
In Scottish use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>perle</span> of þe eye, ‘glaucoma’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pease, pese,</span></span> a pea. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 69; ‘A pese above a
perle’, Surrey, The Lover excuseth himself, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 25; ‘Not
worth two peason’, Surrey, Frailty of Beauty, id., p. 10; <span class='it'>Peason</span>, peas,
Tusser, Husbandry, § 53, st. 9. ME. <span class='it'>pese</span>, ‘pisa’ (Prompt.); OE. <span class='it'>pisa</span>,
<span class='it'>piosa</span>, a pea (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pease, peaze,</span></span> to pacify, satisfy, ‘appease’. Ferrex and Porrex, iii. 1
(Gorboduc); iv. 1 (Videna); Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 147. ME. <span class='it'>pese</span>,
to appease (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>H.</span> 98; so Lansdowne MS.; Ellesmere, <span class='it'>apese</span>).
OF. <span class='it'>apaisier</span> (Didot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peat,</span></span> used as a term of endearment to a girl, with various shades
of meaning; ‘A pretty peat’, Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 78; ‘Lettice and Parnell
prety lovely peates’, Drayton, Man in Moon, ix; used as a term of
obloquy, ‘Proud peat’, Fletcher, Wife for Month, i. 1 (Sorano); Massinger,
Maid of Honour, ii. 2. See Nares. In prov. use in Scotland for
a girl, gen. as a term of obloquy, ‘a proud peat’, see EDD. (s.v. Peat, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peaze;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#peise'>peise</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='peccadillo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peccadillo,</span></span> a collar. <span class='it'>Wooden peccadillo</span>, wooden collar (i.e. the pillory);
Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1454. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pickadil'>pickadil</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peck,</span></span> meat (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘Bene
pecke, good meate’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Let’s cly off our peck’,
Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peculiar,</span></span> private, belonging to one person only; ‘The single and
peculiar life’, Hamlet, iii. 3. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ped,</span></span> a wicker pannier; ‘Dorsers are Peds or Panniers’, Fuller,
Worthies, Dorset, 1; Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. In common prov. use in
E. Anglia and E. Midlands, also in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>pedde</span>, ‘idem quod <span class='it'>paner</span>’ (Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pad3'>pad</a></span> (3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pedee;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#peedee'>peedee</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pedescript,</span></span> that which is written by the foot (not the hand); said
humorously by one who had been kicked; with <span class='it'>pede-</span> substituted for <span class='it'>manu-</span>.
Shirley, Honoria, iv. 1 (Dash).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pedlar’s French,</span></span> unintelligible jargon. Middleton, Family of Love,
v. 3 (Club).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pee,</span></span> a coat of coarse cloth; also, of velvet; ‘A velvet pee’, Fletcher,
Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Du. <span class='it'>pije</span>, ‘a pie-gowne, or a rough-gowne, as
souldiers and sea-men weare’ (Hexham); whence <span class='it'>pea-jacket</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peeble,</span></span> pebble; ‘The chaste stream, that ’mong loose peebles fell’,
Cowley, Davideis, i. 677 (NED.); <span class='it'>peeble-stone</span>, Golding, Metam. i. 575. The
usual Scottish pronunc. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='peedee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peedee,</span></span> a foot-boy, serving-lad, drudge. Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy);
<span class='it'>pedee</span>, J. Jones, tr. of Ovid’s Ibis, 160, note (NED.); Phillips, Dict.,
1706.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peek, peke,</span></span> to peep. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 667; ‘I peke or prie’,
Palsgrave. In common prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peel-crow;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pilcrow'>pilcrow</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='peeled'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peeled,</span></span> bald, shorn, with tonsured head. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 30.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='peep'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peep,</span></span> an eye or spot on a die. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed.
Dyce, v. 581. Also, a pip on a card; Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, l. 49;
‘<span class='it'>Pinta</span>, among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). ‘Peep’ is the usual
word for ‘pip’ of a card, die, or domino in NE. Derbyshire and S. Yorkshire
(H. Bradley). Cp. ‘peep’ in prov. use in the sense of a single blossom of
flowers growing in a cluster, see EDD. (s.v. Pip, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pip'>pip</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peepin, pepin,</span></span> a pippin. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, v. 2. See Dict.
(s.v. Pippin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peevish,</span></span> self-willed, obstinate. Two Gent. iii. 1. 68; Merry Wives,
i. 4. 14; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iii. 3 (Harpax); ‘<span class='it'>Pertinax hominum
genus</span>, a peevish generation of men’, Burton, Anat. Mel., Pt. iii, § 4.
Hence <span class='it'>peevishness</span>, obstinacy, ‘An inbred peevishness and engraffed pertinacity’,
Holland, Livy, 1152. See Trench, Select Glossary; also Trench,
Synonyms of the New Testament, Pref. to 8th ed., p. xxi.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pegma, pegme,</span></span> a kind of framework or stage used in theatrical displays
or pageants, sometimes bearing an inscription; also, the inscription
itself; ‘In the centre .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. of the pegme there was an aback or square,
wherein this eulogy was written’, B. Jonson, Jas. I’s Coronation
Entertainment (Wks., Routledge, p. 529, after inscription ‘<span class='it'>His Vincas</span>’;
‘We shall heare .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. who penned the Pegmas’, Chapman, Widow’s Tears,
ii. 3 (Ianthe). L. <span class='it'>pegma</span>, Gk. πῆγμα, framework fixed together.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='peise'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peise, paise,</span></span> weight, heaviness; ‘A stone of such a paise’, Chapman,
tr. Iliad, xii. 167; <span class='it'>peaze</span>, a heavy blow, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 20; to weigh,
‘To weigh and peise the mountains’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 28 (NED.);
to estimate the weight of a thing, Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan);
to poise, ‘The workeman .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Did peise his bodie on his wings’, Golding,
tr. Metam. viii. 188; ‘Ne was it (the island) paysd Amid the ocean
waves’, Spenser, F. Q., ii. 10. 5; to weigh down, Richard III, v. 3. 100;
Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Maria); to put a weight upon, so as to
retard, ‘ ’Tis to peize the time’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 22. ME. <span class='it'>peisen</span>, to weigh:
‘I wolde that my synnes .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. weren peisid, in a balaunce’ (Wyclif, Job vi.
2); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>peise</span>, pres. s. of <span class='it'>peser</span>; to weigh, to ponder, think (Ch. Rol.
1279); L. <span class='it'>pensare</span>, to weigh, ponder.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelamis,</span></span> a young tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11.
L. <span class='it'>pelamys</span>; Gk. πηλαμύς.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peld,</span></span> ‘peeled’, stripped; ‘Of all thing bare and <span class='it'>peld</span>’, Phaer, Aeneid
i, 599 (L. <span class='it'>egenos</span>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peeled'>peeled</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelican,</span></span> a retort with a fine end, like a bird’s beak. B. Jonson,
Alchem. ii. 1 (Face); iii. 2 (Subtle); iv. 3 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelowre,</span></span> a plunderer, Morte Arthur, leaf 245, back, 31; bk. x, c. 48.
ME. <span class='it'>pelowre</span>, thiefe, ‘appellator’ (Prompt. EETS. 331).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelt,</span></span> a light shield. Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 5 (Belinus). L. <span class='it'>pelta</span>, Gk.
πέλτη, a leathern shield.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelt,</span></span> to strike a bargain; ‘I found the people nothing prest [not at
all ready] to <span class='it'>pelt</span>’, Mirror for Mag., Severus, st. 16. Perhaps the same
word as <span class='it'>pelt</span>, to strike. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelting,</span></span> petty, trashy, contemptible. Richard III, ii. 1. 60; Meas.
for M. ii. 2. 112; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 2. 328.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peltish,</span></span> irritable, ill-tempered; ‘Peltish wasps’, Herrick, Oberon’s
Palace, 17. Cp. ‘pelt’, in prov. use for a fit of ill-temper, see EDD.
(s.v. Pelt, sb.<sup>5</sup> 8).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>penner,</span></span> a pen-case, case for holding pens. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii.
5. 139. A Scottish word for a tin cylinder used for holding pens, pencils,
&amp;c. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>pennere</span>, ‘calamarium’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>penny-father,</span></span> a miser, skinflint. Two Angry Women, ii. 1 (Philip);
‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 102). Hence the
surname Pennyfather; see Bardsley’s English Surnames, 482.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pensel,</span></span> a pennon, little banner. Morte Arthur, leaf 244, back, 12;
bk. x, c. 43; ‘Pensell, a lytell baner, <span class='it'>banerolle</span>’, Palsgrave. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>pencel</span>
(Didot); OF. <span class='it'>penoncel</span> (La Curne). Med. L. <span class='it'>penuncellus</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pentagoron,</span></span> a pentagram, a mysterious cabalistic figure supposed
to have great magical power. Rowley, Birth of Merlin, v. 1. 49; <span class='it'>pentageron</span>,
Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2. 222. Properly <span class='it'>pentagonon</span>. Gk. πεντάγωνος,
pentagonal, having five angles.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pentweezle,</span></span> a term of abuse. Massinger, The Old Law, iii. 2.
(Lysander).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pepper:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take pepper in the nose</span>, to take offence, to be vexed.
Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 3. 10; Lyly, Euphues, pp. 118,
375. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peppernel,</span></span> a bump or swelling. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the
B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife). Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>percase,</span></span> perchance. Bacon, Colours of Good and Evil, § 3. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perceiverance,</span></span> mental perception. Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2
(Violetta). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perche,</span></span> to pierce. Ascham, Toxophilus, 137, 138. In prov. use in the
north, esp. in Yorks., also in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Pearch). ME.
<span class='it'>perchyn</span>, ‘perforare’ (Prompt. EETS. 44, see note, no. 208); <span class='it'>perche</span>, ‘to Thirle’
(Cath. Angl.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>percher</span>, ‘percer’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perchmentier,</span></span> a maker or seller of parchment. Gascoigne, Steel
Glas, 1095.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perdie,</span></span> a form of oath = By God!; used often merely as an asseveration.
Hen. V, ii. 1. 52; Hamlet, iii. 2. 305; King Lear, ii. 4. 86; Spenser, F. Q.
ii. 6. 22. ME. <span class='it'>pardee</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 563, 3084). OF. <span class='it'>pardee</span> (F. <span class='it'>par Dieu</span>)
Norm. F. <span class='it'>Dé</span> = <span class='it'>Dieu</span> (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perditly,</span></span> desperately. Heywood, Dialogue 3 (Mary); vol. vi, p. 118.
Cp. L. <span class='it'>perdite amare</span>, to love desperately.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perdu, perdue,</span></span> a soldier sent on a forlorn hope; one who is in
a perilous position or in desperate case. King Lear, iv. 7. 35; Beaumont
and Fl., Mad Lover, i. 1 (Cleanthe); Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 3;
Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 1 (Lysander). F. <span class='it'>perdu</span>, lost.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='peregall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peregall,</span></span> fully equal. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 8; Skelton, Speke
Parrot, 430; <span class='it'>no peregal</span>, without an equal; Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2
(Catzo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#paregal'>paregal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perge,</span></span> go on, proceed. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, ii
(Ilford); L. L. L. iv. 2. 54. L. <span class='it'>perge</span>, imper.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pergit'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pergit,</span></span> a pargetting; ‘Painting’s pergit’, the plastering (of a woman’s
face) with paint, Drayton, Pastorals, iv. 78. See <span class='bold'><a href='#parget'>parget</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>periapt,</span></span> an amulet. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 2. F. ‘<span class='it'>periapte</span>, a medicine
hanged about any part of the body’ (Cotgr.). Gk. περίαπτον, a thing
fastened round one, an amulet (Plato).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>periment,</span></span> a ‘pediment’ (NED.). A workman’s term. L. <span class='it'>operimentum</span>,
a covering (Vulgate, Ezek. xxviii. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Pediment).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perish,</span></span> to destroy. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 100; Bacon, Essay 27, § 5. Cp.
the Yorks. use: ‘If thou goes out to-night it will perish thee’ (EDD.),
and the Irish, ‘Ah, shut that door; there’s a breeze in throught it that
would perish the Danes’, Joyce, 168.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perk,</span></span> saucy, pert, brisk, smart. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8. In gen.
prov. use in the North and in the Midlands (EDD.). As vb., <span class='it'>to perk it</span>, to
thrust oneself forward, to behave presumptuously; ‘Miriam began to perk
it before Moses’, Bunyan, Case Consc. Resolved (ed. 1861, ii. 673); <span class='it'>to be
perked up</span>, to be made smart, Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 21; <span class='it'>to perk up</span>, to stick up,
‘(Hattes) pearking up’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 50).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perpetuana,</span></span> a very durable woollen stuff, sometimes called <span class='it'>everlasting</span>.
B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Marston, What you Will, ii.
1. 8. From L, <span class='it'>perpetuus</span>, perpetual.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perron, peron,</span></span> a large block of stone, used as a platform, or a funeral
monument, or other purpose. Morte Arthur, leaf 207, back, 28; bk. x,
c. 2. F. ‘<span class='it'>Perron</span>, an open lodge, passage, or walk of stone raised; some
quantity of staires, directly before the foredoore of a great house; also,
a square base of stone or metal, some five or six foot high, whereon in old
time Knights errant placed some discourse, challenge, or proofe of an
adventure,’ Cotgrave. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>perrun</span>, a block of stone (Ch. Rol. 12).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perry;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pirrie'>pirrie</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>persant,</span></span> piercing. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 20. F. <span class='it'>perçant</span>, pres. pt. of
<span class='it'>percer</span>, to pierce.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perséver,</span></span> to persevere, continue in. Hamlet, i. 2. 92; King Lear,
iii. 5. 23.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perspective,</span></span> an optical instrument for looking through or viewing
objects with; a telescope; ‘The heavens .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. whereof perspectives begin
to tell tales’, Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia; ‘Whose eyes shall easily .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
behold without a perspective the extreamest distances’, id., Rel. Med.,
Pt. 1, § 49; Webster, Duchess Malfi, iv. 2 (1 Madman); id. (Bosola),
near end; a microscope, ‘A tiny mite which we can scarcely see Without
a perspective’, Oldham, 8th Sat. of Boileau, 7 (ed. Bell, p. 203); a picture
contrived to produce a fantastic effect; e.g. appearing confused or distorted
except from one particular point of view, or presenting different
aspects from different points. Rich. II, ii. 2. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perspicil,</span></span> a telescope, optic glass. B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1
(P. jun.); New Inn, ii. 2 (Frank); Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends,
v. 2. 2. See Nares. L. (16th cent.) <span class='it'>perspicilia</span>, spectacles (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perstand,</span></span> to understand. Gascoigne, Works, i. 78; Peele, Sir Clyomon,
ed. Dyce, p. 492, col. 1, p. 499. A blend of two words—<span class='it'>per</span>ceive and
under<span class='it'>stand</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perstringe,</span></span> to censure. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, end of ii. 1
(Damplay). L. <span class='it'>perstringere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='persue'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>persue,</span></span> the trail of blood left by a wounded animal, the ‘parsee’.
Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 28. Cp. ‘Now he has drawn <span class='it'>pursuit</span> [old ed. <span class='it'>pursue</span>,
i.e. the trail] on me, He hunts me like the devil’; Fletcher, Bonduca, v. 2
(Petillius). See <span class='bold'><a href='#parsee'>parsee</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>persway,</span></span> to assuage, alleviate. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo).
Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pert,</span></span> lively, brisk, sprightly; in good spirits; ‘Trip the pert Fairies’,
Milton, Comus, 118; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 13. In gen. prov. use in England,
see EDD. (s.v. Pert, also Peart).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pert,</span></span> open, easily perceived. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 162. Short
for <span class='it'>apert</span>, open. F. <span class='it'>apert</span>; L. <span class='it'>apertus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peruse,</span></span> to inspect, examine. Com. Errors, i. 2. 15; Hen. VIII, ii. 3.
75; peruse over, to read over, King John, v. 2. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pester’d, pestred,</span></span> crowded together; ‘Pestred in gallies’, Gosson,
School of Abuse, p. 32 (end); ‘Confin’d and pester’d in this pinfold here’,
Milton, Comus, 7; North’s Plutarch (in Shak. Plutarch, ed. Skeat, 175).
For <span class='it'>impestered</span>; ‘<span class='it'>Empestré</span>, impestered, intricated, intangled, incumbered’,
Cotgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Pester).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pesterous,</span></span> cumbersome, troublesome. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby,
p. 196).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pestle,</span></span> the leg and leg-bone of an animal, most freq. a pig in the
phr. <span class='it'>a pestle of pork</span>; ‘Pestelles of porke’, Boke of Kervynge (Furnivall,
164). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). <span class='it'>The pestle of a lark</span>,
used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for a trifle, something very small, Hall, Satires, iv. 4. 29; ‘Rutlandshire
is but the Pestel of a Lark’, Fuller, Worthies, Rutland, ii. 346.
<span class='it'>A pestle of a portigue</span>, used jocosely in speaking of a gold coin (a <span class='it'>portigue</span>), as
eatable meat, to starving sailors, Fletcher, Sea Voyage, i. 3 (Tibalt).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>petar,</span></span> a petard, bomb, a case filled with explosive materials. Hamlet,
iii. 4. 207; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Gunner); <span class='it'>petarre</span>,
Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peterman,</span></span> a fisherman. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 3) (Quicksilver). In
reference to <span class='it'>St. Peter</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Peter-see-me,</span></span> a kind of Spanish wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1
(near end); Brathwait, Law of Drinking, 80; Philecothonista (1635), 48
(Nares). Sometimes only <span class='it'>Peeter</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Chances, v. 3 (Song).
<span class='it'>Pedro Ximenes</span> was the name of a celebrated Spanish grape, so called after
its introducer, see NED. Cp. the spelling <span class='it'>Peter-sameene</span> in Dekker, Honest
Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1st Vintner).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pettegrye,</span></span> ‘pedigree’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 386. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>petternel,</span></span> a ‘petronel’, horse-pistol. Return from Parnassus, i. 2
(Judicio). Hence, <span class='it'>petronellier</span>, a soldier armed with a petrenel; Gascoigne,
Weeds, ed. Hazlitt, i. 408. See Dict. (s.v. Petronel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>petun,</span></span> tobacco. Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares). F. <span class='it'>petun</span>, a native
South American name of tobacco (a Guarani word); see NED.; ‘<span class='it'>Petum
femelle</span>, English Tobacco; <span class='it'>Petum masle</span>, French Tobacco’ (Cotgr.). See
Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pewl,</span></span> to cry as a babe; ‘Here pewled the babes’, Sackville, Induction,
st. 74. See Dict. (s.v. Pule).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pex,</span></span> for <span class='it'>pax</span>. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 31, st 16. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pax'>pax</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pheare,</span></span> a common spelling of <span class='bold'><a href='#fere'>fere</a>,</span> q.v. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 122;
<span class='it'>pheer</span>, Marmion, The Antiquary, i. 1 (Gasparo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pheeze;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#feeze'>feeze</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>phenicopter,</span></span> a flamingo. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Sensuality).
Gk. φοινικ- (from φοῖνιξ), crimson, and πτερόν, feather. Spelt <span class='it'>phœnicopterus</span>,
Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 12 (near the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>philander,</span></span> a lover, one given to making love to a lady, a male flirt.
Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Tatler, no. 13, § 1.
This word for a lover became fashionable through the popularity of
a Ballad of 1682 about ‘the Fair Phillis’ and her ‘Philander’; see NED.
The Greek word ‘Philander’ was misunderstood as meaning a loving man,
but φίλανδρος was used originally of a woman, one loving her husband.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Philip1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Philip,</span></span> a familiar name for a sparrow. King John, i. 231; Middleton,
The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares. Still in use in Cheshire and
Northants (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Phip'>Phip</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Philip2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Philip and Cheiny,</span></span> an expression for two or more men of the common
people taken at random; Udall, Erasmus, Apoph., Pompey, 1. Also, <span class='it'>Philip,
Hob and Cheanie</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, 8. Also, name for a kind of worsted
or woollen stuff of common quality; ‘Thirteene pound .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. T’will put a
Lady scarce in Philip and Cheyney’, Fletcher, Wit at several Weapons,
ii. 1 (Lady Ruinous). See NED. (s.v. Philip, 4) and Davies, Eng. Glossary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>philomath,</span></span> a lover of learning, esp. a mathematician. Congreve,
Love for Love, ii. 1 (Sir Sampson). Gk. φιλομαθής.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Phip'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Phip,</span></span> a familiar name for a sparrow, a contraction for <span class='bold'><a href='#Philip1'>Philip</a></span>, q.v.;
Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel, Sonnet 83; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Phitonesse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Phitonesse,</span></span> the witch of Endor; ‘Heavenly breath, of Phitonessa’s
power, That raised the dead corpse of her friend to life’, Middleton, Family
of Love, iii. 7. 5; ‘I call In the name of Kyng Saul .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. He bad the
Phitonesse To wytchcraft her to dresse’, Skelton, Phylyp Sparowe, 1359.
ME. <span class='it'>Phitonesse</span>, the witch of Endor (Gower, C. A. iv. 1937); <span class='it'>Phitones</span>, Barbour’s
Bruce, iv. 753 (see Notes, p. 563); <span class='it'>phitonesses</span>, witches (Chaucer,
Hous F. iii. 1261). Med. L. <span class='it'>phitonissa</span> for <span class='it'>pythonissa</span>, a woman inspired by
Python (Ducange). Cp. Vulgate, in the story of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam.
xxviii. 7 (‘mulierem habentem pythonem’). Gk. πνεῦμα πύθωνα, a spirit
of Python, Acts xvi. 16. See note, no. 729 in Prompt. EETS., p. 600, and
<span class='bold'><a href='#fitten'>fitten</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>phonascus,</span></span> a singing-master; ‘Why have you not, like Nero, a
<span class='it'>phonascus</span>?’, Lee, Theodosius, iv. 2 (Marcian). Misprinted <span class='it'>phenascus</span> in The
Modern British Drama, i. 329. L. <span class='it'>phonascus</span> (Suetonius); Gk. φωνασκός,
one who exercises the voice; from φωνή, voice.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>phrenitis,</span></span> a kind of frenzy or madness. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii.
3 (Corax). Gk. φρενῖτις, delirium.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='phrontisterion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>phrontisterion,</span></span> a place for thinking or studying, an academy or
college. Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3. 10; <span class='it'>phrontisterium</span>; Randolph, Muses’
Looking-glass, iii. 1 (Banausus). Gk. φροντιστήριον, a place for meditation,
a thinking-shop (Aristophanes).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>physnomy, fisnomy,</span></span> face, ‘physiognomy’. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3
(Hazard); <span class='it'>fisnomy</span>, All’s Well, iv. 5. 42.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>picardil;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pickadil'>pickadil</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>picaro,</span></span> a rogue, knave. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro); Pickaro,
Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. <span class='it'>picaro</span>, ‘a rogue, a scoundrel,
a base fellow’ (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='picaroon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>picaroon, pickaroon,</span></span> a rogue. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly);
‘Are you there indeed, my little Picaroon?’, Otway, Atheist, ii. 1; a
pirate, ‘A French Piccaroune’, Capt. Smith, Virginia, v. 184 (NED.);
a small pirate ship, Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, v. 5 (Brazen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pick1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick,</span></span> to waste away, to droop. Middleton, Chaste Maid, i. 1. In prov.
use in Lincoln, S. Midlands, and south-west counties, see EDD. (s.v.
Peak, vb.<sup>2</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peak2'>peak</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick,</span></span> to throw, Coriolanus, i. 1. 204; ‘I pycke with an arrow, <span class='it'>Je darde</span>’,
Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to pick mood</span>, to pick a quarrel; ‘Whoso therat pyketh
mood’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick:</span></span> <span class='it'>picked</span>, refined, exquisite, fastidious, King John, i. 1. 193; <span class='it'>picking</span>,
dainty, fastidious, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 198.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick,</span></span> the spike in the middle of a buckler, Porter, Two Angry Women,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 318. Also, a toothpick, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas,
i. 2 (Sebastian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pickadil'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickadil, pickadel,</span></span> the expansive collar fashionable in the early
part of the 17th cent. Blount, Glossogr., 1656; Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim,
ii. 2 (1 Outlaw). Spelt <span class='it'>picardill</span>, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug);
Underwood (NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peccadillo'>peccadillo</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickaroon;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#picaroon'>picaroon</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>picke-devant, pickadevant,</span></span> a short beard trimmed to a point.
Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70. Also, a man with a picke-devant,
Heywood, Challenge, v. 1; vol. v, p. 68. F. <span class='it'>pique-devant</span>, an
expression only found in English. See Nares (s.v. Pike-devant).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickeer,</span></span> to pillage, plunder; to practise piracy, Fuller, Worthies,
Hants (1662, ii. 10); to skirmish, reconnoitre, spelt <span class='it'>pickear</span>, Lovelace,
Lucasta (Poems, 1864, ii. 203); to wrangle, spelt <span class='it'>pickere</span>, Butler, Hud. iii.
2. 448. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickle,</span></span> to deal with in a minute way, lit. to pick in a small way.
Ascham, Scholemaster (Arber, 158). Hence <span class='it'>pickling</span>, trifling, paltry, Gascoigne,
Supposes, i. 2 (Pasiphilo). [R. L. Stevenson uses the word ‘to
<span class='it'>pickle</span>’ in the sense of ‘to trifle’; see Letters (Sept. 6, 1888).]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick-packe,</span></span> pick-a-back; ‘He gets him up on pick-packe’, B. Jonson,
Barth. Fair, ii. 6 (Stage-direction); Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (260); scene 2.
89 (W.); p. 156, col. 1 (D.). ‘Pick-pack’ (or ‘a pick-pack’) is still in use
in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Pick-a-back). The German word for ‘pick-pack’
is <span class='it'>Huckepack</span>. For numerous forms of this word see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickthank,</span></span> a flatterer, a mischief-maker. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 25;
Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Evadne); <span class='it'>pickthank tales</span>, tales
told to curry favour, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lacy). In prov.
use in the British Isles (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick-tooth,</span></span> a toothpick. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 1
(Fallace). In use in Glouc. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>piddle,</span></span> to work or act in a trifling, paltry way. Ascham, Toxoph.
(ed. Arber, 117); Fletcher, Wit without M. i. 2; to trifle or toy with
one’s food, J. Dyke, Sel. Serm. (1640, p. 292); Pope, Horace’s Satires,
ii. 2. 137. In common use in this sense in various parts of England, see
EDD. (s.v. Piddle, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pie, pye,</span></span> a magpie. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 48. In common prov. use
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>piece,</span></span> a piece of money of the value of 22 shillings. Pepys, Diary,
March 14, 1660 (N. S.). <span class='it'>A piece of eight</span>, the Spanish dollar of the value of
8 reals, or about 4<span class='it'>s.</span> 6<span class='it'>d.</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. 1. 6 (see Wheatley’s
note); Alchemist, ii. 3 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>piece,</span></span> a painting, a picture, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 4); Pepys,
Diary, Feb. 27, 1663 (N. S.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pied,</span></span> variegated, parti-coloured. Spelt <span class='it'>pyed</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man in
Hum. i. 5 (Matthew); spelt <span class='it'>pide</span>, Milton, L’Allegro, 75 (ed. 1632).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pieton,</span></span> a foot-soldier; hence, a pawn at chess; ‘<span class='it'>Pietons</span>, or fotemen’,
Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 87, back, 6; ‘They [the pawns] be all named
<span class='it'>pietons</span>’, id., Game of Chesse, bk. iii, c. 1 (beginning). F. ‘<span class='it'>pieton</span>, a footman,
also, a Pawn at Chess’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pig,</span></span> sixpence (Cant); ‘Fill till’t be sixpence, And there’s my pig’,
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (1 Boor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pigeaneau,</span></span> a dupe, a gull. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, iv. 1
(Marquis). F. <span class='it'>pigeonneau</span>, a young pigeon, a dupe; dimin. of <span class='it'>pigeon</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pigeon-holes,</span></span> the name of a game; the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#troll'>troll-my-dames</a>,</span>
q. v.; ‘Dice, cards, pigeon-holes’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Old
Foster); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 101; ii. 1. 3; in Hazlitt, xii. 120.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pigeon-livered,</span></span> applied to one incapable of anger; ‘I am pigeon-livered
and lack gall’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 605. A pigeon was supposed to have
no gall, and so to lack capacity for anger or resentment. ‘Sure he’s a
pigeon, for he has no gall’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 5 (Castruchio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pight'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> pitched; ‘Under Pomfret his proud Tents he pight’,
Drayton, Agincourt, 97; <span class='it'>ypight</span>, pp., ‘Underneath a craggy cliff ypight’,
Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33; <span class='it'>pight</span>, Tr. and Cr. v. 10. 24. ME. <span class='it'>pighte</span>, pt. t. of
<span class='it'>picchen</span>; <span class='it'>y</span>)<span class='it'>pight</span>, pp., see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Picchen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pigsnye,</span></span> a darling, a pet, commonly used as an endearing form of
address to a girl. Dryden, Tempest, iv. 3; Farquhar, Love and Bottle,
i. 1. Spelt <span class='it'>pigges-nye</span>, Lyly, Euphues, 114. In Butler, Hud. (ii. 1. 560),
<span class='it'>Pigsneye</span> occurs in the sense of a ‘dear little eye’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pike:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>sold at a pike</span>, Kyd, Cornelia, v. 444 (not far from end).
Here Kyd translates from F. <span class='it'>vendre sous une pique</span>, which refers to the L.
phrase <span class='it'>venalis sub hasta</span>, ‘that can be sold by auction’. It looks as if Kyd
did not understand the allusion.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pike:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>on the pike</span>, ‘a-peak’; used of an anchor, when the cable
has been hove in so as to bring the ship just over it. Greene, Looking
Glasse, iii. 1. F. <span class='it'>à pic</span>, ‘perpendiculairement’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilch,</span></span> to pilfer, to filch. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 39; ‘Pilche, miche,
<span class='it'>suffurari</span>’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilcher,</span></span> a term of abuse, prob. meaning one who ‘pilches’; it is
sometimes punningly connected with the word <span class='it'>pilchard</span> (see below).
B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilcher,</span></span> a pilchard. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4. 1;
Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilcher,</span></span> a scabbard. Romeo, iii. 1. 84. Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pilcrow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilcrow,</span></span> a name for the paragraph-mark, printed as ¶. Tusser,
Husbandry, p. 2; spelt <span class='it'>peel-crow</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 1
(Lapet); ‘Pilcrow, paragraphus’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; ‘<span class='it'>Paragraphe</span>, Pillcrow’,
Cotgrave. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>pylcraft</span> in a boke, ‘Asteriscus, Paragraphus’ (Prompt.);
<span class='it'>pargrafte</span>, paragraphus (Ortus Voc.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., s.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pile,</span></span> the metal head of an arrow. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 337; head of
a dart, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 139; a Roman javelin, Dryden, Hind
and Panther, bk. ii, 161. L. <span class='it'>pilum</span>, the heavy javelin of the Roman
foot-soldier.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pile,</span></span> a small castle; ‘A little pretie pile or castle’, Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Antigonus, § 27; ‘Certayne pylys and other strengthis’, Fabyan, Chron.,
Pt. VII, fol. cxxxvii; repr. (1811), p. 512, l. 16. ME. <span class='it'>pile</span>, a stronghold
(P. Plowman, C. xxii. 366). See NED. (s.v. Pile, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pill,</span></span> to plunder, spoil, to commit depredation. Richard II, ii. 1. 246;
Richard III, i. 3. 159; <span class='it'>to pill and poll</span>, Mirror for Mag. 467 (Nares).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>pilling,</span> plunder, spoliation. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 445. <span class='it'>Pilling
and polling</span>, J. Harrington, Prerog. Pop. Govt., ii. 2 (ed. 1700, p. 332).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#poll'>poll</a>.</span></p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pill,</span></span> to strip. Merch. Ven. i. 3. 85; Lucrece, 1167. In common prov.
use in the sense of peeling, stripping off the outer skin, the rind or bark,
see EDD. (s.v. Pill, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pillowbeer'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pillowbeer,</span></span> a pillow-case. Locrine, iv. 4. 6; Middleton, Women
beware Women, iv. 2 (Sordido). ME. <span class='it'>pilwe-beer</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 694);
<span class='it'>bere</span>, a pillow-case (Boke Duchesse, 254).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pimp-whiskin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pimp-whiskin,</span></span> a pimp. Ford, Fancies Chaste and Noble, i. 2
(Spadone). See <span class='bold'><a href='#whiskin'>whiskin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pin,</span></span> a small knot in wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 121.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pin2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pin,</span></span> a peg fixed in the very centre of a target. Hence, <span class='it'>to cleave the pin</span>,
to hit and split this peg, to make the best possible hit. L. L. L. iv. 1. 138;
Romeo, ii. 4. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinax,</span></span> a tablet, picture. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 32.
Gk. πίναξ, board.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pin-bouk,</span></span> some kind of bucket for liquids. Drayton, Moses, bk. iii, 165.
OE. <span class='it'>būc</span>, pail. See Dict. (s.v. Bucket).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pindy-pandy,</span></span> a formula used as equivalent to <span class='it'>handy-dandy</span>, in the
game of choosing which hand a thing is hidden in. Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, iv. 5 (Firk).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='piner'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>piner, pyner,</span></span> a pioneer; ‘My piners eke were prest with showle and
spade’, Mirror for Mag., Aurel. Anton. Caracalla, st. 40; ‘He pyners set to
trenche’, id., Burdet, st. 70. See Dict. (s.v. Pioneer). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pion'>pion</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ping,</span></span> to urge, push. Mirror for Mag., Fulgentius, st. 9. Still in use
in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ping, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). OE. <span class='it'>pyngan</span>, to prick,
L. <span class='it'>pungere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pingle,</span></span> to work in an ineffectual way, to trifle, to ‘piddle’. Women’s
Rights, 152 (NED). Hence, <span class='it'>pingler</span>, a trifler, Two Angry Women, ii. 2
(Coomes); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 109). ‘Pingle’ is in prov. use in
this sense in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pingle,
vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). Cp. Swed. dial. <span class='it'>pyngla</span>, to be busy about small matters (Rietz).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinion,</span></span> the name of an obsolete game at cards. Interlude of Youth,
(ed. 1849, p. 38). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pink,</span></span> to stab with any pointed weapon. B. Jonson, Every Man in
Hum. iv. 2; a stab with a rapier or dagger, Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1
(Fulgoso). Low G. <span class='it'>pinken</span>, to strike (Schambach).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pink,</span></span> a sailing vessel. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. See Nares
and NED. Du. <span class='it'>pinck</span>, ‘a pinke or a fishers boate; a sounding barke’
(Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pink,</span></span> to contract, make small (the eyes). Heywood, Spider and Fly
(Nares); contracted small (said of the eyes), ‘Plumpie Bacchus with
pinke eyne’, Ant. and Cl. ii. 7. 121. Du. <span class='it'>pincken</span>, to shut the eyes
(Hexham).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>pinkany,</span> a small, narrow, blinking eye; a tiny or dear little eye;
‘Those Pinkanies of thine’, Field, Woman a Weathercock, iv. 2 (Wagtail).
Applied to a girl, usually as a term of endearment, Porter, Angry
Women, iii. 2 (Philip).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>pink-eyed,</span> having small, narrow, or half-closed eyes; ‘Maids .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
that were pinke-eied and had verie small eies they termed <span class='it'>Ocellæ</span>’, Holland,
Pliny, xi. 335; spelt <span class='it'>pinky-eyed</span>, Kyd, Soliman, v. 3. 7 (Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
v. 359). A Lanc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Pink, adj.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinnace,</span></span> a go-between, in love affairs. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1
(Overdo). A <span class='it'>fig.</span> sense of ‘pinnace’, a small attendant vessel.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinner,</span></span> a ‘pinder’, one who impounds stray cattle. Greene, George-a-Greene,
i (Bettris, 1. 236); ed. Dyce, p. 256, col. 1. ‘Pinder’ (or ‘pinner’)
is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pind, vb. 1 (1)).
ME. <span class='it'>pyndare</span> of beestys, ‘inclusor’ (Prompt. EETS. 336, see note, no. 1638).
See Dict. (s.v. Pinder).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinson,</span></span> a thin-soled shoe of some kind, Withal (ed. 1608, p. 211);
‘Pynson, sho, <span class='it'>caffignon</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>pynson</span>, sok (Prompt. EETS., see
note, no. 1642).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pintas, las,</span></span> the Spanish name for the card-game called basset; ‘<span class='it'>A las
Pintas</span>, (playing) at basset’, Adventures of Five Hours, iv. 1 (Diego); in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 265. Span. <span class='it'>pintas</span>, basset; pl. of <span class='it'>pinta</span>, ‘among
Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pion,</span></span> to dig, trench, excavate. Hence <span class='it'>pyonings</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63.
<span class='it'>Pioned</span>, trenched, Tempest, iv. 1. 64. OF. <span class='it'>pioner</span>, to dig (Godefroy). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#piner'>piner</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pip'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pip,</span></span> a spot on a card; hence, a unit; ‘Thirty-two years old, which is
a pip out’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Bellapert). The allusion is to
a game called <span class='it'>One-and-thirty</span>, which differs from 32 by 1. So also in Shirley,
Love’s Cruelty, i. 2 (Hippolito). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peep'>peep</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pipple,</span></span> to blow with a gentle sound (of the wind). Skelton, A Replycacion,
ed. Dyce, i. 207; id., Garl. of Laurell, 676. Hence ‘pippler’,
a name for the aspen in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Pipple).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pique,</span></span> a depraved or diseased appetite. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 809. L.
<span class='it'>pica</span>, a depraved appetite; a F. form (not found).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pirrie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pirrie, pirry,</span></span> a blast of wind, a squall. Elyot, Governour, i. 17, § 5;
spelt <span class='it'>perry</span>, Look about You, sc. 29 (Richard), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 482.
ME. <span class='it'>pyry</span>, a storm of wind (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1643).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pishery-pashery,</span></span> trifling talk. Dekker, Shoem. Holiday, iii. 5
(Eyre); finery, fallals, id., v. 4 (Eyre).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pist!,</span></span> hist!, an interjection, to draw attention. Middleton, No Wit
like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pistolet,</span></span> a name given to certain foreign gold coins, ranging in value
from 5<span class='it'>s.</span> 10<span class='it'>d.</span> to 6<span class='it'>s.</span> 8<span class='it'>d.</span> Proclamation, May 4, 1553 (NED.); in later times
= pistole, worth about 16<span class='it'>s.</span> 6<span class='it'>d.</span> ‘Each Pistolet exchang’d at sixteen shillings
six pence’, Heylin, Examen Hist. i. 268 (NED.); B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii.
2 (Face); also called <span class='it'>a double pistolet</span>, Fletcher, Span. Curate, i. 1 (Jamie).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pitch,</span></span> a vertex, head; also, a projecting part of the body, the shoulder,
the hip; ‘His manly pitch’ (used for both shoulders, collectively), Marlowe,
1 Tamburlaine, ii. 1. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pitch and pay,</span></span> to pay down money at once, pay ready money.
Hen. V, ii. 3. 51; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable; i. 2 (Blurt); Mirror
for Mag., Warwicke, st. 14; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 24.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plaça,</span></span> a square, parade, public walk. Shirley, The Brothers, i. 1
(Carlos). Span. <span class='it'>plaça</span> (<span class='it'>plaza</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plackerd,</span></span> the forepart of a woman’s petticoat; ‘For fear of the
cut-purse, on a sudden she’ll swap thee into her plackerd’, Greene,
Friar Bacon, i. 3. See NED. (s.v. Placard).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>placket,</span></span> an apron or petticoat: hence <span class='it'>transf.</span> the wearer of a petticoat,
a woman, Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 22; the opening or slit at the top of a skirt or
petticoat, King Lear, iii. 4. 100; a pocket in a woman’s skirt, ‘Which
instrument .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. was found in my Lady Lambert’s placket’, Hist. Cromwell
(NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plage,</span></span> a region, country. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.);
2 Tamb. i. 1 (Orcanes). F. <span class='it'>plage</span>, region (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>plaga</span>, a region.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plaice-mouth,</span></span> a mouth drawn on one side. Spelt <span class='it'>plaise-mouth</span>,
B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 2 (Epicene).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plaie,</span></span> wound. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 2. F. <span class='it'>plaie</span>; L. <span class='it'>plaga</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plain,</span></span> to complain. King Lear, iii. 1. 39; ‘<span class='it'>Plaindre</span>, to plaine,’ Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plain,</span></span> to plane. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 322. Hence, <span class='it'>Plainer</span>,
a carpenter’s plane, id., v. 314.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plain-song,</span></span> a simple melody. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41; hence,
‘the plain-song cuckoo’, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>planch,</span></span> to board. <span class='it'>Planched</span>, covered with boards, Meas. for M. iv. 1.
30; <span class='it'>to plaunche on</span>, to clap on (something broad and flat), Gammer Gurton’s
Needle, i. 2. 12. F. <span class='it'>planche</span>, a plank.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plancher,</span></span> a wooden floor, a flooring of planks; used in pl. Arden of
Fev. i. 1. 42; also boards (of a ship); Drayton, Pol. iii. 272. F. <span class='it'>plancher</span>,
‘a boorded floor’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plange,</span></span> to lament, grieve. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, p. 25, st. 31.
L. <span class='it'>plangere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>planipedes,</span></span> pantomimes or entertainments with dancing; ‘The
common players of interludes called <span class='it'>Planipedes</span>, played barefoote vpon the
floore’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 15; p. 49. L. <span class='it'>planipedes</span> (Juvenal).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plant,</span></span> the sole of the foot; ‘Knotty legs, and plants of clay’, B. Jonson,
Masque of Oberon, song 5. F. <span class='it'>plante</span>, the sole. L. <span class='it'>planta</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plasma,</span></span> a form, mould, shape; ‘There is a Plasma, or deepe pit’,
Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes, in a mad speech); vol. iii, p. 424.
Gk. πλάσμα, anything formed or moulded.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>platic,</span></span> an astrological term used of an ‘aspect’ of a planet (NED.).
B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Spelt <span class='it'>platique</span>, Fletcher, Bloody
Brother, iv. 2. Med. L. <span class='it'>platicus</span>, late Gk. πλατυκός, -ικός, broad, diffuse.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plaudite, plaudity,</span></span> shout of applause, approval; ‘Cristall plaudities’,
Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. L. <span class='it'>plaudite</span>, applaud ye.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>play-pheer,</span></span> playfellow. Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 103. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fere'>fere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pleasant,</span></span> to render pleasant; ‘Some pleasant their lives’, Manchester
Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 51); ‘This tedious mortality, pleasant it how man
can’, id., p. 62.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plight,</span></span> to fold, pleat, to intertwine into one combined texture.
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 7; <span class='it'>plighted</span>, folded, Milton, Comus, 301; <span class='it'>pleated</span>, King
Lear, i. 1. 283 (Quarto edd.); Greene, Description of the Shepherd, 21
(Dyce, 304). ME. <span class='it'>plyte</span>, to fold (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1204). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>plit</span>
(Gower) = Norm. F. <span class='it'>pleit</span> (Burguy), whence E. <span class='it'>plait</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Plait).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='plompe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plompe,</span></span> a cluster, clump, mass; ‘A plompe of wood’, Morte Arthur,
leaf 30, back, 19; bk. i, c. 16 (end); <span class='it'>plompes</span>, troops, bands; Gascoigne,
Fruites of Warre, st. 129. See <span class='bold'><a href='#plump'>plump</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plotform,</span></span> a scheme, design, plan, contrivance. Grim the Collier, ii. 1
(Clinton); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 423; a level place constructed for
mounting guns, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, Works (ed. 1870, ii. 304). See
Dict. (s.v. Plot), and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 219.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plough.</span></span> The parts of a plough are enumerated in Gervase Markham’s
Complete Husbandman (1614), quoted in Notes to Fitzherbert’s Husbandry,
p. 128, where they are fully explained. I merely enumerate them here.
(1) <span class='it'>Plough-beam</span>, a large and long piece of timber, forming an arch for the
other parts; (2) <span class='it'>The skeath</span> (<span class='it'>sheath</span>), a piece of wood 2½ feet long, mortised
into the beam; (3) <span class='it'>Principal hale</span>, the left-handle; also called <span class='it'>plough-tail</span> or
<span class='it'>plough-start</span>; (4) <span class='it'>Plough-head</span> or <span class='it'>share-beam</span>, about 3 feet in length; (5) <span class='it'>Plough-spindles</span>
or <span class='it'>rough-staves</span>, two round pieces of wood that joined the handles
together; (6) <span class='it'>Righthand-hale</span>, or <span class='it'>plough-stilt</span>, smaller and weaker than the
other; (7) <span class='it'>Plough-rest</span>, a small piece of wood, fixed to the plough-head and
righthand-hale; (8) <span class='it'>Shelboard</span>, i.e. shield-board, a strong board on the
right side of the plough; (9) <span class='it'>Coulter</span>, a long piece of iron in the front, to
cut the soil; (10) <span class='it'>Share</span>; (11) <span class='it'>Plough-foot</span>, or <span class='it'>plough-shoe</span>, before the coulter,
to regulate the depth of the furrow. The ploughman also had with him
a <span class='it'>plough-mall</span> or small mallet; and, originally, a <span class='it'>plough-staff</span> or <span class='it'>aker-staff</span>, for
clearing the mould-board when required.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plough-staff,</span></span> an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or
clearing it of weeds. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 21. In use in Scotland
and the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Plough, II (49)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Plowden.</span></span> Proverb: <span class='it'>The case is altered, quoth Plowden.</span> For various
explanations see Grose, Local Proverbs (ed. 1790), Shropshire, and Ray,
Proverbial Phrases (under A), ed. Bohn, 147.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ployden;</span></span> ‘A stub-bearded John-a-Stile with a ployden’s face’,
Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Crispinella). Not explained.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pluck:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to pluck down a side</span>, in card-playing, to cause the loss or
hazard of the side or party with which a person plays. Beaumont and Fl.,
Maid’s Tragedy, ii. 1 (Dula). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plumb,</span></span> perpendicularly; ‘Plumb down he drops’, Milton, P. L. ii. 933.
In prov. use in various parts of England, also in U.S.A., see EDD. (s.v.
Plum, adj.<sup>1</sup>). F. ‘<span class='it'>à-plomb</span>, perpendicularly, downright’ (Cotgr.). See Dict.
(s.v. Plump).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plume,</span></span> said of a hawk, to pluck feathers from a bird; also, to pluck,
despoil. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ample); Dryden, Absalom, 920.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plummet,</span></span> a leaden bullet, hurled from a sling. North, tr. of Plutarch,
M. Antonius, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 190); a sounding-lead, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>
a criterion of truth, ‘Lay all to the Line and Plummet of the written
word’, Gilpin, Demonology, iii. 17. 140 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='plump'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plump,</span></span> a troop, flock; ‘A whole plump of rogues’, Beaumont and Fl.,
Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Guard); ‘A plump of fowl’, Dryden, tr. of
Aeneid, xii. 374; Theodore and Honoria, 316. See Nares. See <span class='bold'><a href='#plompe'>plompe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plunge,</span></span> to overwhelm (with trouble or difficulty); ‘(He) was so
plunged and gravelled with three lines of Seneca’, Sir T. Browne, Rel.
Med. i. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plunge,</span></span> a critical situation, crisis, a dilemma. Greene, Looking
Glasse, iii. 2. Phr.: <span class='it'>to put to a plunge</span>, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Sir
Alexander). ‘<span class='it'>Il est au bout de son breviaire</span>, he is at a plunge or nonplus’,
Cotgrave (s.v. Breviaire). Cp. the Northants phrase, ‘I was put to
a plunge’, see EDD. (s.v. Plunge, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Plymouth cloak,</span></span> a cudgel or staff, carried by one who walked <span class='it'>in
cuerpo</span>, and thus facetiously assumed to take the place of a cloak; ‘Shall
I walke in a Plimouth Cloake (that’s to say) like a rogue, in my hose and
doublet, and a crabtree cudgell in my hand?’, Dekker, Honest Wh.,
Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo); ‘A Plymouth cloak, that is, a cane or staff’, Ray’s
Proverbs out of Fuller’s Worthies (ed. Bohn, 201); Grose, Local Proverbs
in Glossary, 1790. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pocas palabras,</span></span> the Spanish for ‘few words’. Wonderfull Yeare
1603 (ed. 1732, p. 46); <span class='it'>paucas pallabris</span>, Tam. Shrew, Induct. i. 5. Span.
<span class='it'>palabra</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>parabola</span>, ‘verbum, sermo’ (Ducange); a parable, similitude
(Vulgate, in N. T.) See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poinado,</span></span> a poniard. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70;
Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio); ‘<span class='it'>Poinard</span>, or <span class='it'>Poinado</span>’, Phillips,
1658.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poinet, poynet,</span></span> an ornament for the wrist, a wristlet or bracelet.
J. Heywood, The Four P’s, in Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 10, col. 2; Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 351 (altered to <span class='it'>poignet</span>). F. <span class='it'>poignet</span>, wrist; <span class='it'>poing</span>, the fist.
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='point1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>point,</span></span> a tagged lace for attaching hose to the doublet, and for fastening
various parts where buttons are now used. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 49. Very
common, and the perpetual subject of jokes and quibbles; 1 Hen. IV, ii.
4. 238; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 25.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>point:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>point of war</span>, a short strain sounded as a signal by a
trumpeter. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 52; Greene, Orl. Fur., ed. Dyce, p. 94; Peele,
Edw. I, i (Longshanks); ed. Dyce, p. 378. See NED. (s.v. Point, sb.<sup>1</sup> 9).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>point:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to point</span> [F. <span class='it'>à point</span>], to the smallest detail, completely;
‘Armed to point’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 16; Tempest, i. 2. 194; ‘Are ye all
fit?’ 1 <span class='it'>Gent.</span> ‘To point, sir’, Fletcher, Chances, i. 4. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>point-device</span> (<span class='bold'>-devyse</span>)<span class='bold'>,</span></span> completely, perfectly, in every point.
Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 176; extremely precise, scrupulous to the point of perfection,
As You Like It, iii. 2. 401. ME. <span class='it'>poynt devys</span>: ‘Her nose was
wrought at poynt devys’ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1215); Anglo F. <span class='it'>à point
devis</span>, or <span class='it'>devis à point</span>, arranged to a proper point or degree. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pointed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> appointed. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poise,</span></span> a weight (for exercise), a dumb-bell; ‘<span class='it'>Poyses</span> made of leadde’,
Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 16, § 1; <span class='it'>poyse</span>, heavy fall; Spenser, F. Q.
i. 11. 54. See <span class='bold'><a href='#peise'>peise</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poisure,</span></span> poise, balance, effect. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without
Money, i. 1 (Valentine).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poking-stick, poker,</span></span> a stick or iron for setting the plaits of ruffs.
Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 228; Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iii. 2. 2. <span class='it'>Poker</span>,
Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poldavy, polldavy,</span></span> a sort of coarse canvas; ‘<span class='it'>Poldavy</span>, or buckram’,
Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 54; Howell, Letters, vol. i, sect. 2,
let. 10 (1621). See Nares, and NED. Named from <span class='it'>Poldavide</span>, dep. Finisterre,
France; near Daoulas, whence E. <span class='it'>dowlas</span> (Phil. Soc. Trans., May, 1904).
The name is Breton, meaning ‘David’s pool’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poldron;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pouldron'>pouldron</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pole-ax;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pollax'>pollax</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>polehead,</span></span> a ‘poll-head’, a tadpole. Marston, What you Will, ii. 1
(Quadratus); ‘<span class='it'>Cavesot</span>, a polehead, black vermine wherof frogs do come’,
Cotgrave. Still in common use in the North; in Banffsh. the form is
<span class='it'>powet</span> (or <span class='it'>powit</span>); see EDD. (s.v. Powhead). ME. <span class='it'>polhevede</span> (Gen. and Ex.,
2977).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>polepennery,</span></span> extortion of pence; ‘To scrape for more rent is polepennery’,
Wily Beguiled, sc. ii (1st quarto, 1606).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>politien,</span></span> a politician. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4, pp. 158,
159; <span class='it'>politians</span>, pl., Lyly, Sappho, i. 3. OF. <span class='it'>policien</span>, a citizen, a politician
(Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='poll'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poll,</span></span> to cut off the head of an animal, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 112;
to cut short the hair, Greene, Upst. Courtier, D. iij. b. (NED.); to plunder
by excessive rent-raising, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 29); <span class='it'>to poll and pill</span>,
Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 148); Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pollard,</span></span> an animal without horns, either one that has lost its horns,
or one of a hornless variety, used jocosely of a man who is not a cuckold.
Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pollax'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pollax, pole-ax,</span></span> a battle-axe; ‘At hande strokes they use not swordes
but pollaxes’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 141); a halbert carried by the
body-guard of a king or great personage, ‘<span class='it'>Bec de faulcon</span>, a fashion of
Pollax borne by the Peeres of France, and by the French King’s Pensioners’,
Cotgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Mazzière</span>, a halberdier or poleaxe man, such as the
Queene of England’s gentlemen pencioners are’, Florio.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pollenger,</span></span> a pollard tree. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poller,</span></span> one who exacts fees, an extortioner. Spelt <span class='it'>poler</span>, Bacon,
Essay 56, 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poll-hatchet,</span></span> a poll-axe; hence, one who wields a poll-hatchet; a
term of abuse or contempt. Spelt <span class='it'>powle-hatchett</span>, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell,
613; and see Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 23, l. 29.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>polony,</span></span> a sausage made at Bologna, Italy. In Lord Cromwell, iii. 2.
131, Hodge, writing from Bologna, says that he is ‘among the Polonyan
Sasiges’. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pomeroy,</span></span> a variety of apple. Spelt <span class='it'>pom-roy</span>, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman,
c. 1, § 2. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pomewater,</span></span> a large juicy kind of apple. L. L. L. iv. 2. 4; Dekker,
Old Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow); ‘When a pome-water, bestucke with
a few rotten cloves shall be more worth than the honesty of a hypocrite’,
Vox Græculi (in Brand’s Pop. Antiq., ed. 1848, i. 17). A Hampshire
word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pommado,</span></span> an exercise of vaulting on a horse with one hand on the
pommel of the saddle. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury),
where we find ‘the whole, or half the pommado’. Marston has <span class='it'>pommado
reverso</span>, said to mean the vaulting <span class='it'>off</span> the horse again. If so, ‘the whole
pommado’ may refer to both actions, and ‘the half pommado’ to one of
them. F. <span class='it'>pommade</span>, ‘the pommada, a trick in vaulting’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pompillion,</span></span> an ointment made of the buds of the black poplar;
‘<span class='it'>Populeon</span>, Popilion or Pompillion’, Cotgrave. OF. <span class='it'>populeon</span> (Godefroy,
Compl.). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pompillion,</span></span> a term applied in contempt to a man. Fletcher, Women
Pleased, iii. 4 (Bartello). Not found elsewhere. See below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pompion,</span></span> a pumpkin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 41; B. Jonson, Time
Vindicated (Fame); ‘<span class='it'>Pompon</span>, a pumpion or melon’, Cotgrave. A Lanc.
word for a pumpkin, see EDD. (s.v. Pumpion). Du. <span class='it'>pompoen</span>, ‘a pompion,
pumpkin’ (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pon,</span></span> a pan, hollow, basin. Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 169. The pronunc.
of ‘pan’ in the north-west of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ponder,</span></span> weight. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii (Alcmena); vol. iii, p. 102;
a heavy blow, id. (Hercules), p. 142.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pontifical,</span></span> bridge-making. Milton, P. L. x. 313. L. <span class='it'>pons</span> (bridge) +
<span class='it'>facere</span> (to make). It may be noted that L. <span class='it'>pontifex</span> (a pontiff) has probably
nothing to do with bridge-making. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pooke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pouke'>pouke</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poop-noddie, pup-noddie,</span></span> cony-catching, the art of befooling the
simpleton; ‘I saw them close together at Poop-noddie, in her closet’,
Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 242; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poor-john,</span></span> a coarse fish (usually hake), salted and dried. Temp. ii.
2. 28; Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 15. See EDD. (s.v. Poor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pooter,</span></span> the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#poting-stick'>poting-stick</a>,</span> q.v. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix,
ch. 47, st. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pope-holy,</span></span> sanctimonious, hypocritical. Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 2, 205 b,
2); <span class='it'>pop-holy</span>, Skelton, Replycacion, 247; Garland of Laurell, 612. ME.
<span class='it'>pope-holy</span> (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 284). In Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 415, <span class='it'>Pope-Holy</span>
is used in the sense of ‘Hypocrisy’, being the translation of the <span class='it'>papelardie</span>
of the French original.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>popering,</span></span> a kind of pear, brought from Poperinghe in W. Flanders.
Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 2 (Y. Chartley); <span class='it'>a poprin pear</span>,
Romeo, ii. 1. 38.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='popler'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>popler,</span></span> porridge (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); <span class='it'>Poppelars</span>,
porrage, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; <span class='it'>popplar of yarum</span>, mylke porrage, id.,
p. 86; <span class='it'>poplars of yarrum</span>, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>popping,</span></span> chattering; said of one whose talk is mere popping sound;
foolish; ‘A poppynge fole’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 234; ‘Pratynge
poppynge dawes’, id., Replycacion, 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>popular,</span></span> populous; ‘How doth the popular City sit solitary!’, Jackson,
True Evang., T. iii. 184; ‘The most popular part of Scotland’, Kirkton,
Church History, 215 (EDD.). See NED., and Davies, Suppl. Gl.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>porcpisce,</span></span> a ‘porpoise’. Dryden, All for Love, iv. 1 (Ventidius);
<span class='it'>porpice</span>, Drayton, Polyolb. v. 235. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>porpentine,</span></span> a porcupine. Hamlet, i. 5. 20; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 363;
used by Shaks. seven times, in four of these as the sign of an inn; Ascham,
Toxophilus (Arber, 31). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>porret, poret,</span></span> a young leek or onion. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 31;
‘<span class='it'>Porret</span>, yong lekes’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>porrette</span>, ‘maiden leek, bladed leek,
unset leek’ (Cotgr.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>poret</span>, see Moisy (s.v. Porrette).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>port,</span></span> to carry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Compass); ‘Ported
spears’, Milton, P. L. iv. 980.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>port,</span></span> deferential attendance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 517; state,
splendid manner of living, Merch. of Ven. i. 1. 124.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>port,</span></span> the gate of a city. Coriolanus, i. 7. 1; v. 6. 6; Great Bible of
1539, Ps. ix. 14 (Prayer-book); Beaumont and Fl., Maid in the Mill, i. 1. 2;
Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Sapritius). F. <span class='it'>porte</span>, a gate.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portague,</span></span> a Portuguese gold coin, worth varying according to time
between £3 5<span class='it'>s.</span> and £4 10<span class='it'>s.</span> B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 3. Spelt <span class='it'>portigue</span>,
Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 5. 5; <span class='it'>portegue</span>, Phillips, Dict., 1658; pl. <span class='it'>portagues</span>,
Strype, Eccl. Mem. (ed. 1721, i. 18. 138); also, <span class='it'>porteguez</span>, Davenant, News
fr. Plymouth (NED.). The <span class='it'>s</span> (<span class='it'>z</span>) of Span. <span class='it'>Portugues</span>, Pg. <span class='it'>Portuguez</span>,
‘Portuguese’, was taken as a plural, hence the English forms <span class='it'>portegue</span>, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portance,</span></span> carriage, bearing, deportment. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 232;
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; ii. 3. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portcannons,</span></span> ornamental rolls or ‘canions’ round the legs of
breeches; see <span class='bold'><a href='#canion'>canion</a>.</span> Butler, Hud. i. 3. 926.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portcullis,</span></span> an Elizabethan coin, stamped with a portcullis. B. Jonson,
Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Shift).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>porter’s lodge,</span></span> the place where great men used to exercise summary
punishment upon their servants; ‘To the porter’s lodge with him!’,
Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 2 (Don Philippo); Massinger, Duke of Milan,
iii. 2 (Graccho).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portesse,</span></span> a portable breviary which can be taken out of doors. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>,
Translators’ Preface, 9; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. 1882, 77). ME. <span class='it'>portos</span>
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1321); <span class='it'>portos</span>, ‘portiforium’ (Prompt. EETS. 342, see
note, no. 1662). OF. <span class='it'>portehors</span> (Godefroy), Church L. <span class='it'>portiforium</span> (Ducange).
See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portmantua,</span></span> a ‘portmanteau’. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2
(Mawworm).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>port-sale,</span></span> public sale to the highest bidder; ‘The soldiers making
portsale of their service to him that would give most’, North, tr. of
Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 18 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 124); ‘Persons were sold
out-right in port-sale under the guirland’ (<span class='it'>sub corona veniere)</span>, Holland,
Livy, xli. 1103; see NED. (s.v. Port, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>possede,</span></span> to possess. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 3, § 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>possess,</span></span> to put one in possession of a fact. Meas. for M. iv. 1. 44;
Merch. of Ven. i. 3. 65; King John, iv. 2. 41.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>post,</span></span> as set up before the door of a sheriff or magistrate. Posts were
used to fix proclamations on; and were sometimes painted anew when a
new magistrate came into office; ‘A sheriff’s post’, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 157;
‘Worship, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. for so much the posts at his door should signifie’, Puritan
Widow, iii. 4. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>post,</span></span> a messenger, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 100; v. 1. 46. Also, a post-horse,
2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 40. Hence, <span class='it'>to post</span>, to go with speed, hasten, Richard II,
i. 1. 56; iii. 4. 90; v. 5. 59; ‘Thousands .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. post o’er land and ocean without
rest’, Milton, Sonnet xix; <span class='it'>post over</span>, to hurry over, treat with negligence,
2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 255.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>post and pair,</span></span> a card-game, played with three cards each, wherein
much depended on <span class='it'>vying</span>, or betting on the goodness of the cards in your
own hand. The best hand was three aces; then three kings, queens, &amp;c.
If there were no threes, the highest pairs won; or the highest game in
the three cards. B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); ‘The thrifty and
right worshipful game of Post and Pair’, id., Masque of Christmas (Offering).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>postil,</span></span> an explanatory note or comment on a word or passage in the
Bible. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 2 (ed. Arber, 23); <span class='it'>postill</span>, to annotate,
Bacon, Henry VIII (ed. Lumby, 193). ME. <span class='it'>postille</span> (Wyclif, Prol. 1 Cor.);
see NED. Mod. L. <span class='it'>postilla</span>, a gloss on the Bible (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>post-knight,</span></span> a knight of the post, a notorious perjurer. A Knack
to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 538. See <span class='bold'><a href='#knight'>knight of the post</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>posy,</span></span> a short motto, orig. a line or verse of ‘poesy’, inscribed within
a ring, on a knife, &amp;c. Hamlet, iii. 2. 162; Middleton, Widow, i. 1
(Francisco); a bunch of flowers, Marlowe, Passionate Sheph. iii. See
Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pot.</span></span> In the expressions <span class='it'>to the pot</span>, or <span class='it'>to go to pot</span>, or <span class='it'>to go to the pot</span>, the
reference is to the cooking-pot; ‘Your poor sparrows .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. go to the pot
for’t’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 37); <span class='it'>to the pot</span>, to destruction,
Coriolanus, i. 4. 47; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 389).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potargo,</span></span> ‘botargo’, cake made of the roe of the sea-mullet. Fletcher,
Sea-Voyage, iv. 3 (Master). Prov. <span class='it'>poutargo</span>, ‘caviar’ (Mistral, Calendal).
See Dict. (s.v. Botargo); also Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potch,</span></span> to poach an egg. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (P. jun.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potch,</span></span> to thrust. Coriolanus, i. 10. 15. Still in use in Warw. in this
sense. See EDD. (s.v. Poach.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potestate,</span></span> chief magistrate. Morte Arthur, bk. v, c. 8; p. 174, l. 30;
pl., Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 3 (Damon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pot-gun,</span></span> used contemptuously for a small fire-arm; ‘How! fright me
with your pot-gun?’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iv. 4 (Norandine).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='poting-stick'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poting-stick,</span></span> a piece of wood, bone, or iron, for adjusting the pleats
of a ruff. Marston, Malcontent, v. 3 (Maquerelle); Yorkshire Tragedy, i.
74. OE. <span class='it'>potian</span>, to push, thrust.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potshare,</span></span> a potsherd. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 37. In use in Lonsdale,
Lancashire, see EDD. (s.v. Pot, 17 (65)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pottle,</span></span> half a gallon, or two quarts. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1
(Roger); <span class='it'>a pottell oyle</span> (i.e. of oil); Naval Accounts of Henry VII, p. 16.
‘Pottle’ (a measure of two quarts) is still in use in Cheshire (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pouke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouke, pooke,</span></span> a ‘puck’, demon, goblin; ‘Chymæra, that same pooke’,
Golding, Metam. vi. 646; ‘Nor let the Pouke nor other evill sprights .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
Fray us’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 341. ‘Pouk’ (‘pook’), a mischievous
fiend, still in use in Sussex and Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. Puck, sb.<sup>1</sup>).
ME. <span class='it'>pouke</span>: ‘I wene that knyght was a pouke’ (Coer de Leon, 566); OE.
<span class='it'>pūca</span> (Napier’s OE. Glosses, 23. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouke-bug,</span></span> for <span class='bold'>puck-bug,</span> a malicious spectre. Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, iii. 594. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bug1'>bug</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pould,</span></span> bald-headed, or with lost hair. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 91.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouldre,</span></span> to beat into powder or dust. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 12; to spot,
id., iii. 2. 25. OF. <span class='it'>pouldre</span> (F. <span class='it'>poudre</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pouldron'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouldron, poldron,</span></span> a shoulder-plate; a piece of armour covering the
shoulder. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, c. 70, st. 13; Drayton, David
and Goliath. OF. espauleron, a shoulder-plate; <span class='it'>espaule</span> (F. <span class='it'>épaule</span>), shoulder.
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poulter,</span></span> a dealer in poultry. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed.
Dyce, p. 19; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. From <span class='it'>poult</span>, a chicken.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poulter’s measure,</span></span> poulterer’s measure; a fanciful name for a
metre consisting of lines of 12 and 14 syllables alternately, common in
Surrey and Gascoigne. See Gascoigne’s Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 39).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poult-foot, powlt-foot,</span></span> a club-foot, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 97);
B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 7. See NED. (s.v. Polt-foot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Poultry,</span></span> the Counter prison in the Poultry, London. Middleton,
Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer); ‘Some four houses west from this parish church
of St. Mildred is a prison-house pertaining to one of the sheriffs of London,
and is called the Compter in the Poultrie’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms,
p. 99).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pounce'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pounce,</span></span> to ornament (cloth, &amp;c.) by punching small holes or figures;
also, to cut the edges into points and scallops, to jag. ‘A .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. cote, garded
and <span class='it'>pounced</span>’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 3, § 1; Skelton, Bowge of
Courte, 508. Cognate with Norm. F. <span class='it'>ponçon</span>, ‘poinçon, instrument de fer
ou d’acier servant à percer’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouncet-box,</span></span> 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 38; a Shaks. term for a small box for
perfumes, with a perforated lid. It may be for <span class='it'>pounced box</span>, from <span class='it'>pounce</span>,
to perforate. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouncing,</span></span> the action of powdering the face with a cosmetic, ‘Pouncings
and paintings’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1 (Valentine);
Knight of Malta, ii. 1 (Norandine). See NED. (s.v. Pounce, vb.<sup>3</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouned,</span></span> impounded, shut up (as horses) in a pound; ‘Married once,
a man is .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. <span class='it'>poun’d</span>’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, iv. 1 (Novall jun.). Cp.
<span class='it'>pounded</span>; ‘fairly pounded’ (i.e. married), Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. 1
(Sir H. Beagle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>powder,</span></span> to sprinkle with salt, to salt. 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 112. Hence
<span class='it'>Powder-beef</span>, salted beef, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3. 4. Also, to
sweat in a hot tub, to cure disease; Meas. for M. iii. 2. 62; <span class='it'>powdering-tub</span>,
Hen. V, ii. 1. 79.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>practice,</span></span> scheming or planning, treachery. King Lear, ii. 4. 116;
B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 5 (Catulus). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>practive,</span></span> practical, active, expert; ‘Most hardy practive knights’,
Phaer, Aeneid viii, 518. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prage,</span></span> a spear or similar weapon; ‘Their blades they brandisht, and
keene <span class='it'>prages</span> goared in entrayls Of stags’, &amp;c., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i.
197. Is <span class='it'>prage</span> a misreading of <span class='it'>prāge</span> = <span class='it'>prange</span> = <span class='it'>prong</span> (see NED.)?</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>praise,</span></span> to appraise, value. Puritan Widow, ii. 2. 14. In prov. use
in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Prize, v.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prancome,</span></span> a prank, trick. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (Hodge).
Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prank,</span></span> showily dressed; ‘Pretie pranck parnel’, Appius and Virginia,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Prank, 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prankie-cote,</span></span> pranky coat; a jocose term for a fellow full of pranks.
Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 117. Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prats,</span></span> buttocks (Cant); ‘<span class='it'>Prat</span>, a buttocke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 82;
‘Set me down here on both my prats’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Mort).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prease,</span></span> to press. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 19; to throng, F. Q. ii. 7. 44;
a press, crowd, throng, F. Q. ii. 10. 25; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 226.
Gk. ὄχλος in Luke viii. 19 is rendered by <span class='it'>prease</span> in Tyndale and in Cranmer’s
Bible, also in the Geneva and AV. versions. See Nares. This is
still the pronunc. of ‘press’ in Lanc. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>precisian,</span></span> one who is very punctilious, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 5;
synonymous with ‘Puritan’, ‘He’s no precisian, that I’m certain of, Nor
rigid Roman Catholic’, 13. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3. 102; Massinger,
New Way to Pay, i. 1. 6. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pree,</span></span> short for <span class='it'>pree thee</span>, <span class='it'>prithee</span>, i.e. I pray thee. Marston, What you
Will, iii. 2 (Holofernes).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pregnant,</span></span> pressing, compelling, cogent, convincing; hence, clear,
obvious. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 23; Othello, ii. 1. 241. OF. <span class='it'>preignant</span>,
pressing, pp. of <span class='it'>preindre</span>, L. <span class='it'>premere</span>, to press; cp. <span class='it'>preignantes raisons</span>
(Godefroy, Compl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pregnant2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pregnant,</span></span> receptive, fertile, imaginative. Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 101;
ready, ‘The pregnant Hinges of the knee’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 66; phr. <span class='it'>a
pregnant wit</span>, Heywood, Maidenhead Lost, i. F. <span class='it'>prégnant</span> (Rabelais), L.
<span class='it'>praegnans</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='prepense'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prepense,</span></span> to consider beforehand, to premeditate. Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 2; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 14. See <span class='bold'><a href='#purpense'>purpense</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>presence:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in presence</span>, present; often, in reference to ceremonial
attendance upon a person of superior, esp. royal, rank, Barclay, Cyt. and
Uplondyshman (Percy Soc. 13); Richard II, iv. 1. 62; a place prepared
for ceremonial presence or attendance, a presence-chamber, ‘The two
great Cardinals Wait in the presence’, Hen. VIII, iii. 1. 17; <span class='it'>chamber of
presence</span>, Bacon, Essay 45. Evelyn, Diary, Dec. 5, 1643.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>presently,</span></span> immediately. Temp. iv. 42; v. 101; Two Gent. ii. 1. 30;
ii. 4. 86; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Sam. ii. 16; Matt. xxvi. 53. See Bible Word-Book. Cp.
F. ‘<span class='it'>presentement</span>, presently, quickly, anon, at an instant, speedily, suddenly’
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>president,</span></span> a precedent. Bacon, Essay, Of Great Place; Of Innovations;
Of Judicature.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>press,</span></span> press-money, i.e. prest-money, as paid to an impressed soldier.
Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, i. 2 (Marcellius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prest,</span></span> ready. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 160; Marl., 2 Tamburlaine, i. 1
(Orcanes); Dido, iii. 2. 22. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>prest</span>
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 917). F. ‘<span class='it'>prest</span>, prest, ready, full-dight; prompt;
quick’ (Cotgr.); now written <span class='it'>prêt</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Prester John,</span></span> the name given in the Middle Ages to an alleged
Christian priest and king originally supposed to reign in the extreme
East, beyond Persia and Armenia; but from the 15th cent. generally
identified with the King of Ethiopia or Abyssinia (NED.). ‘I will fetch
you a tooth-picker now from the farthest inch of Asia; bring you the
length of Prester John’s foot’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 276; Dekker, Old
Fortunatus, ii. 1 (near end); ‘The great Christian of Æthiopia, vulgarly
called Prester, Precious or Priest-John’, Sir T. Herbert, Travels, 130.
For the history of the subject see Col. Yule’s article in Encycl. Brit. xix.
715. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prestigiatory,</span></span> relating to ‘prestigiation’, juggling, deceptive, delusive;
‘The art prestigiatory’, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7; ii. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prestigious,</span></span> practising juggling or legerdemain, deceptive, illusory;
‘That inchantresse .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. by prestigious trickes in sorcerie’, Dekker, Whore
of Babylon (Wks. 173, ii. 195); ‘Prestigious guiles’, Heywood, Dial.
18 (Minerva), vi. 250. Late L. <span class='it'>praestigiosus</span>, full of deceitful tricks;
<span class='it'>praestigium</span>, an illusion, <span class='it'>praestigiae</span>, juggler’s tricks; cp. F. <span class='it'>prestiges</span>, ‘deceits,
impostures, juggling tricks’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Prestige).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pretence, pretense,</span></span> an assertion of a right; a claim; ‘Spirits that
in our just pretenses arm’d Fell with us’, Milton, P. L. ii. 825; an
expressed aim, intention, purpose or design, Two Gent. iii. 1. 47;
Winter’s Tale, iii. 2. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pretenced, pretensed,</span></span> intended, purposed, designed. More’s Utopia
(ed. Lumby, 8). Late L. <span class='it'>praetensus</span>, for <span class='it'>praetentus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>praetendere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pretend,</span></span> to stretch something over a person for defence; ‘Who .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. his
target alwayes over her pretended’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 19; to put
forward, set forth, ‘To that wench I pretend honest love’, Middleton,
Changeling, iv. 2. 91. L. <span class='it'>praetendere</span>, to stretch forth.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pretor,</span></span> one holding high civil office, a name for the Lord Mayor of
London. Westward Ho, i. 1 (Justiniano); Webster, Monuments of
Honour, § 1. Med. L. <span class='it'>praetor</span>, ‘urbis praefectus’ (Ducange); ‘Meyr, <span class='it'>maior</span>,
<span class='it'>pretor</span>’ (Prompt. EETS. 284); cp. Cath. Angl. 225.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prevent,</span></span> to anticipate. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 61; Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 94;
<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ps. xviii. 5; cxix. 148; 1 Thess. iv. 15, &amp;c. See Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>preving, preeving,</span></span> proving, trial. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1366.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#prieve'>prieve</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick,</span></span> to spur; hence, to ride. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 1; <span class='it'>prickant</span>, riding
along, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Ralph).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick,</span></span> the pin, or peg originally fixed in the very centre of the <span class='it'>white</span>,
or circular mark upon the butt shot at by archers. Also called the <span class='it'>pin</span>,
or <span class='it'>clout</span>. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 99; <span class='it'>at the prickes</span>, beside the butts,
id., p. 98.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick,</span></span> the highest point, apex, acme; ‘To pricke of highest praise’,
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 1; ‘The hygh prycke of vertue’, Udall, Erasmus,
Paraph. Matt. iii. 30; phr. <span class='it'>prick and praise</span>, very high praise, Middleton,
Family of Love, ii. 4 (Mrs. G.); ‘She had the prick and praise for a prettie
wench’, London Prodigal, iv. 1. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick-eared,</span></span> having sharply pointed, erect ears; <span class='it'>prycke-eared</span>, Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 77; Hen. V, ii. 1. 44.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pricket,</span></span> a buck in his second year, having straight unbranched horns.
L. L. L. iv. 2. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph).
ME. <span class='it'>pryket</span>, ‘capriolus’ (Prompt. EETS. 316; see notes, no. 1681).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prickle,</span></span> a wicker basket, for fruit or flowers. B. Jonson, Pan’s
Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 3). In Kent used for a basket of a certain
measure (EDD.). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick-me-dainty,</span></span> finical in language and behaviour. Udall, Roister
Doister, ii. 3 (Trupeny). Still in use in Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick-song,</span></span> music written down or sung from notes. Romeo, ii. 4. 21;
Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41. ‘The nightingale’s song, being more regularly
musical than any other, was called <span class='it'>pricksong</span>’ (Nares). ‘Prick-song’ used
to mean counterpoint as distinguished from ‘plain-song’, mere melody.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='priefe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>priefe, preife,</span></span> proof, trial. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 48; Mother Hubberd,
408. <span class='it'>Priefe</span> = F. <span class='it'>preuve</span>, as <span class='it'>people</span> (pron. <span class='it'>peeple</span>) = F. <span class='it'>peuple</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='prieve'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prieve,</span></span> to prove. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 33; vi. 12. 18. <span class='it'>Prieve</span> = OF. <span class='it'>prueve</span>
(<span class='it'>preuve</span>); L. <span class='it'>próbat</span>, with the stress on the stem-syllable, whereas <span class='it'>prove</span> = F.
<span class='it'>prouver</span> (OF. <span class='it'>prover</span>) = L. <span class='it'>probáre</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prig a prancer,</span></span> to steal a horse (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush,
v. 2 (Higgen); Audeley, Vagabonds, p. 4; Harman, Caveat, pp. 42, 43, 84.
See Dict. (s.v. Prig, 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prima-vista,</span></span> an old game at cards, resembling primero, and sometimes
identified with it. <span class='it'>Primviste</span>, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 13 (ed.
Arber, p. 33); ‘<span class='it'>Prima</span> .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. a game at cardes, called Prime, Primero, or
Primavista’ (Florio). Ital. <span class='it'>prima vista</span>, ‘first seen, because he that can first
show such an order of cards wins the game’ (Minsheu).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>primum mobile,</span></span> the ‘First Movement’, in the Ptolemaic system of
astronomy, the outer sphere (of a system of spheres), which turns round
from east to west once in 24 hours, carrying all the inner spheres with it.
Bacon, Essay 15, § 4; Essay 51 (end). In Dante the Primum Mobile is
called the Crystalline Heaven (‘Cielo Cristallino’), see Paget Toynbee’s
Dante Dictionary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>princox,</span></span> a pert saucy boy or youth, a conceited young fellow, Romeo,
i. 588. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Princock).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prink,</span></span> to set off, show off, trim; ‘To prink and prank, <span class='it'>exorno</span>’, Coles,
1699. <span class='it'>Prinke it</span>, to show off, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 21,
p. 93.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>print:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in print</span>, to the letter, exactly. L. L. L. iii. 173; ‘Gallant in
print’ (i.e. a complete gallant), B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 2
(Fallace). In prov. use in E. Anglia, Oxf., Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Print, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prise, pryse,</span></span> the note blown at the death of a hunted beast; ‘Thenne
kynge Arthur blewe the pryse’, Morte Arthur, leaf 63. 25; bk. iv, c. 6.
F. ‘<span class='it'>prise</span>, the death or fall of a hunted beast’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>privado,</span></span> a favourite, intimate friend. Bacon, Essay 27, § 3. Span.
<span class='it'>privado</span>, a favourite (Stevens); Port. <span class='it'>privado</span>, ‘favori, homme en faveur
auprès d’un prince’ (Roquette). Med. L. <span class='it'>privatus</span>, ‘familiaris, amicus’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>private,</span></span> private interest. B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 2 (last speech).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prize,</span></span> a contest, a match, a public athletic contest. Merch. Ven. iii.
2. 142; a fencing contest, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 2 (Prentices);
a turn in a match, ib., v. 2 (Infelice); phr. <span class='it'>to play a prize</span>, to engage in
a public contest, to play one’s part, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant,
v. 2 (Lieutenant); Massinger, New Way to Pay, iv. 2 (end); Titus Andron.
i. 1. 399; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 1. Hence <span class='it'>Prizer</span>, one who fights in
a ‘prize’ or match, As You Like It, ii. 3. 8. F. ‘<span class='it'>prise</span>, a hold in wrestling;
<span class='it'>estre aux prises</span>, to wrestle or strive with one another’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prize,</span></span> to offer as the price; to risk, stake venture. Greene, Friar Bacon,
iv. 3 (1784); scene 13. 41 (W.); p. 175, col. 1 (D.); to pay a price for,
Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proake,</span></span> to ask. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 4; ‘To proke,
<span class='it'>procare</span>’, Levins, Manip.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proceed,</span></span> to advance, in one’s University course, from graduation as
B.A. to some higher degree; ‘He proceaded Bachelour of Divinitye in the
sayde Universitye of Cambridge’, Foxe, Bk. of Martyrs, 1297; Middleton,
A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prochinge,</span></span> approaching. Sackville, Induction, line 1. Cp. Sc. <span class='it'>prochy-madame</span>
(<span class='it'>Prush-madam!</span>), a call to cows, Ramsey, Remin. = F. <span class='it'>approchez,
Madame!</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Proochy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>procinct,</span></span> readiness, preparation; ‘Procinct of war’, Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, xii. 89. L. <span class='it'>procintus</span>, readiness for action.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prodigious,</span></span> portentous, horrible. Mids. Night’s D. v. 419; King John,
iii. 1. 46.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proface,</span></span> much good may it do you. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30; Chapman,
Widow’s Tears, iv. 2 (Lysander). OF. <span class='it'>prouface</span>, ‘souhait qui veut dire,
bien vous fasse’ (Roquefort); <span class='it'>prou</span>, advantage + <span class='it'>fasse</span> (L. <span class='it'>faciat</span>), may it do.
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>profligate,</span></span> routed. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 728. L. <span class='it'>profligare</span>, to strike
down, overthrow.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>profound,</span></span> to fathom, to get to the bottom of. Sir T. Browne, Rel.
Med., pt. 1, § 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prog,</span></span> to search about, esp. for food; ‘Man digs .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. He never rests .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
He mines and progs, though in the fangs of death’, Quarles, Job xiv. 60;
‘Each in his way doth incessantly prog for joy’, Barrow, Sermon, Rejoice
evermore; ‘We need not cark or prog’, id. In prov. use in various parts
of England, see EDD. (s.v. Prog, vb. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>progress,</span></span> the travel of the sovereign and court to visit different parts
of his dominions. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 9;
Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). <span class='it'>Progress-block</span>, a block for a new
fashion of hats, to be used on a progress, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at
several Weapons, iv. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='proin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proin, proyne</span></span> (of a bird), to preen, prune, to trim or dress the
feathers with the beak. B. Jonson, Underwood, Celebr. Charis, v;
Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 59, p. 98. Spelt <span class='it'>prune</span>, Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 3. 36; Cymb. v. 4. 118; 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 98. ME. <span class='it'>proynen</span> (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 2011). OF. <span class='it'>poroign-</span>, pres. pt. stem of <span class='it'>poroindre</span>, to trim feathers
(Godefroy), L. <span class='it'>pro</span> + <span class='it'>ungere</span>, to anoint.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='proine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proine, proyne,</span></span> to prune trees. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 458; Bacon,
Essay 50; Drayton, Pol. iii. 358; Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 292; Homilies
1, Falling fr. God (NED.); Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1. Norm. F.
<span class='it'>progner</span> (Moisy), OF. <span class='it'>proignier</span>, to prune (Godefroy), Romanic type, <span class='it'>protundiare</span>,
deriv. of L. <span class='it'>rotundus</span>, round. Cp. F. <span class='it'>rogner des branches, des racines</span>,
‘couper tout autour’ (Hatzfeld). See <span class='bold'><a href='#royne2'>royne</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>project,</span></span> to set forth, exhibit. Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 121; to presage,
‘When the south projects a stormy day’, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. i.
622.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>projection,</span></span> the application of ‘the elixir’ to the metal which is to
be transmuted into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Mammon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proller,</span></span> a prowler, wandering beggar. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi.
490.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>promont,</span></span> a headland. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero);
Drayton, Pol. iv. 7. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>promoter,</span></span> a professional accuser, a common informer; ‘Enter two
promoters’, Middleton, A Chaste Girl, ii. 2; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I,
v. 2 (1 Madman); Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 11. See Cowell’s Interpreter.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prompture,</span></span> prompting, instigation. Meas. for M. ii. 4. 178.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prone,</span></span> a sermon delivered in commemoration of a founder or benefactor;
‘The founder .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. used to be commemorated in some Prone’, T. Hearne,
Remains (ed. Bliss, 655); ‘All founders and benefactors were duly and
constantly commemorated in their Prones’, id., 754. F. ‘<span class='it'>prone</span>, notice
given by a Priest unto his Parishioners .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. of the holy days, of Banes of
Matrimony, of such as desire to be relieved or prayed for, &amp;c.’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proof,</span></span> proof-armour, strong defensive armour. Beaumont and Fl.,
Chances, i. 10 (Fred.). <span class='it'>Proof-arm</span>, to put on armour of proof, Hum.
Lieutenant, ii. 3 (Leucippe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proper,</span></span> handsome, fine. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 144; Much Ado, i. 3. 54;
1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 37; ‘He was a proper childe’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Heb. xi. 23
(= ‘elegantem infantem’, Vulgate). Very common in prov. use, see EDD.
(s.v. Proper, 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proper,</span></span> belonging exclusively to one, peculiar to one, Meas. for M. i. 1. 30;
v. 1. 111; Shirley, Arcadia, iii. 1 (3 Rebel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>properties,</span></span> rude paintings for scenery, or stage appliances. Shirley,
Bird in a Cage, iii. 2 (Carlo); dresses for the actors, id., iv. 2 (Donella).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>property,</span></span> an implement, tool for a purpose. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 10;
Jul. Caesar, iv. 1. 40; to use as a tool, King John, v. 2. 72.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>propice,</span></span> propitious, favourable. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 31;
<span class='it'>propise</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4. F. <span class='it'>propice</span>; L. <span class='it'>propitius</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>propriety,</span></span> peculiarity, special nature. Bacon, Essay 3, § 2; property,
Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). F. ‘<span class='it'>proprieté</span>, a property
speciality in; the nature, quality, inclination of’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prospective,</span></span> a magic glass or crystal in which it was supposed that
distant or future events could be seen, Bacon, Essay 26; <span class='it'>glasse prospective</span>,
Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 110. The word also means a telescope, J. Taylor
(Water Poet), Fennor’s Defence (NED.). Also, a scene, a view, Porter,
Angry Women, i. 1. 12. F. <span class='it'>prospective</span>, ‘the prospective or optick art; also,
a bounded prospect, a limited view’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prostrate,</span></span> one who is prostrate as a suppliant or a vanquished foe,
Otway, Don Carlos, i. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>protense,</span></span> extension, a story long drawn out. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 4.
L. <span class='it'>protensus</span>, drawn out; pp. of <span class='it'>protendere</span>, to draw forth.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>protract,</span></span> delay, procrastination. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>provand,</span></span> food, provisions. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 267; Caxton, Reynard
(Arber, p. 60). Flemish, <span class='it'>provande</span>, Fr. <span class='it'>provende</span>, Romanic type <span class='it'>provenda</span> for
eccles. L. <span class='it'>praebenda</span>, a daily allowance (Dict. Christ. Antiq.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>provant,</span></span> provender, food. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Also, one
who deals in provisions, a sutler. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One,
i. 1 (Nicodemus). Hence, <span class='it'>Provant</span>, of or belonging to the ‘provant’ or
soldier’s allowance, and therefore, of common or inferior quality, Webster,
Appius and Virg. i. 4; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>provecte,</span></span> advanced; ‘Provecte in yeres’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i, c. 4, § 3. L. <span class='it'>provectus</span>, pp.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>providence,</span></span> foresight, timely care. Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii.
2 (Overreach); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 1. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>provincial garland,</span></span> a garland given to one who had added a <span class='it'>province</span>
to the Roman Empire. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 2 (Calanthia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prowest,</span></span> most valiant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; ii. 8. 18. OF. <span class='it'>prou</span>,
valiant (Bartsch). See Dict. (s.v. Prowess).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prune,</span></span> the fruit. <span class='it'>Stewed prunes</span>, often referred to as being a favourite
dish in brothels. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 93; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 128; cp.
Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 5 (Eumenes). Spelt <span class='it'>proin</span>, in <span class='it'>proin-stone</span>, Peele,
Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 500).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prune;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#proin'>proin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pry, prie,</span></span> a local name of the small-leaved lime (<span class='it'>Tilia parvifolia</span>).
Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 15. An Essex word, see EDD. (sv. Pry, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ptrow,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, tut! an exclamation of contempt. Heywood, Jupiter
and Io, vol. vi, p. 267, l. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Pucelle.</span></span> <span class='it'>Joan la Pucelle</span>, Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, 1 Hen. VI,
i. 4. 101; i. 6. 3. F. <span class='it'>pucelle</span>, a maid, virgin.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puckfist, puckfoist,</span></span> the fungus usually called a puff-ball. Beaumont
and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 5
(Tucca). Named after ‘Puck’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pouke'>pouke</a>.</span> A common prov. word (EDD.).
The ‘puff-ball’ was also called Bull-fist, Puff-fist, and Wolf’s-fist, see Cotgrave
(s.v. Vesse de loup); see NED. (s.v. Fist).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puckle,</span></span> a kind of bugbear or goblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2
(Hecate). OE. <span class='it'>pūcel</span>, a goblin (NED.), dimin. of <span class='it'>pūca</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#pouke'>pouke</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puckling,</span></span> little goblin; used as a term of endearment by a witch.
Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii. 1 (Mawd.); vol. iv, p. 187. See
above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pudder,</span></span> pother, confusion, turmoil. King Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623);
Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Romanello). A common prov. word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pudding-time, in,</span></span> in good time, lit. in time for dinner, as dinner
often began with pudding. Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii.
219; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 865. Still in use; see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pudding tobacco,</span></span> tobacco compressed into sausage-like rolls. B.
Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); Middleton, Roaring Girl,
iii. 2 (Laxton).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pudency,</span></span> modesty. Cymbeline, ii. 5. 11. L. <span class='it'>pudentia</span>, modesty.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pug,</span></span> to pull, to tug; ‘What pugging by the ear!’, Appius and Virginia,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. In prov. use from Warw. to Dorset,
see EDD. (s.v. Pug, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pug,</span></span> a bargeman; ‘In a Westerne barge, when with a good winde and
lustie pugges one may go ten miles in two daies’, Lyly, Endymion, iv. 2;
<span class='it'>Westerne pugs</span>, men who navigated barges down the Thames to London;
‘The Westerne pugs receiving money there [in plague time] have tyed
it in a bag at the end of their barge, and trailed it through the Thames’,
Dekker, Wonderfull Yeare (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='puggard'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puggard,</span></span> a thief (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pugging tooth,</span></span> Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 7. Meaning uncertain. Usually
taken as = thieving, cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#puggard'>puggard</a>.</span> In Devon ‘pug-tooth’ means eye-tooth
(EDD.). Possibly there may be a play of words here: Autolycus’s hungry
eye-tooth (<span class='it'>pug</span>-tooth) set on edge tempts him to thieve (<span class='it'>pug</span>) ‘the white
sheet bleaching on the hedge’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puke,</span></span> a superior kind of woollen cloth, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 78. M. Du.
<span class='it'>puuc</span>, <span class='it'>puyck</span>, name of the best sort of woollen cloth (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1420). Du. <span class='it'>puyck</span>,
woollen cloth (Hexham); <span class='it'>puik</span>, choice, excellent (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puke,</span></span> the name of the colour formerly used for the cloth named
‘puke’. ‘<span class='it'>Pauonaccio cupo</span>, a deep darke purple or puke colour’ (Florio, ed.
1598); ‘Pewke, a colour, <span class='it'>pers</span>’, Palsgrave. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pull:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to pull down a side</span>, ‘to cause the loss or hazard of the side
or party with which a person plays’ (Nares); ‘If I hold your card, I shall
pull down the side’, Massinger, Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Cozimo); id.,
Unnatural Combat, ii. 1 (Belgarde).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pullen,</span></span> poultry, chickens. Tusser, Husbandry, 87. 5; Beaumont and
Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless); <span class='it'>poleyn</span>, Fitzherbert, Husbandry,
146. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia
(EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>poulain</span>, young of any animal (Hatzfeld). Med. L. <span class='it'>pullanus</span>,
see Ducange (s.v. Pullani).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pulpamenta,</span></span> delicacies. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 7
(Macilente). A word used by Plautus for tit-bits, delicacies.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pulpatoon,</span></span> a dish made of rabbits, fowls, &amp;c., in a crust of forced
meat. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). Span. <span class='it'>pulpelón</span>, a large slice
of stuffed meat.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pulvilio,</span></span> fine scented powder, cosmetic powder. Etherege, Man of
Mode, iii. 3 (Sir Fopling); <span class='it'>Pulvilio-box</span>, a scent-box, Wycherley, Plain
Dealer, ii (Manly). Hence <span class='it'>pulvil</span>, to perfume with scented powder, Congreve,
Way of the World, iv. 1 (beginning). Ital. <span class='it'>polviglio</span>, fine powder.
See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pumey,</span></span> ‘pumice’. Peele, Anglorum Feriae, 26 (ed. Dyce, p. 595);
<span class='it'>pumie-stone</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 39; Shep. Kal., March, 89.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pun,</span></span> to pound, to beat, pummel. Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 42; <span class='it'>pund</span>, pt. t.,
Heywood, King Edw. IV, First Part (Spicing); vol. i, p. 19. In common
prov. use from the north country down to Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Pound,
vb.<sup>3</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>punian</span>, to pound, beat, bray in mortar.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puncheon,</span></span> a kind of dagger. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 664 (L. <span class='it'>dolones</span>).
O. Prov. <span class='it'>ponchon</span>, ‘poinçon’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puncto;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#punto'>punto</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>punctual,</span></span> no bigger than a point, very small; ‘This opacous Earth,
this punctual spot’, Milton, P. L. viii. 23.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>punese,</span></span> a bug. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. <span class='it'>punaise</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pung,</span></span> a ‘punk’, courtesan. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Lethe).
Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>punkateero,</span></span> a purveyor of punks, a pander. Middleton, Blurt, Mr.
Constable, iv. 1 (Curvetto). A jocose formation from <span class='it'>punk</span>, a strumpet, in
imitation of Span. <span class='it'>mulatero</span>, muleteer, from <span class='it'>mulo</span>, mule. Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='punto'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>punto,</span></span> a small point; <span class='it'>in a punto</span>, in a moment, B. Jonson, Every Man in
Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a nice point of behaviour, a ‘punctilio’, ‘Puntos and
Complementes’, Bacon. Adv. L., bk. ii, c. 23, § 3; a stroke or thrust with
the point of the sword or foil, Merry Wives, ii. 3. 26; <span class='it'>punto riverso</span>, a back-handed
thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27; <span class='it'>punto beard</span>, a pointed beard, Shirley,
Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). Ital. and Span. <span class='it'>punto</span>, L. <span class='it'>punctum</span>, a point.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purchase,</span></span> to acquire, obtain, gain. Tempest, iv. 1. 14; Richard II,
i. 3. 282. Hence, <span class='it'>purchase</span>, acquired property, wealth, Webster, Duch.
Malfi, iii. 1 (Antonio); spoil, booty, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101; Hen. V, iii. 2. 45;
Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 16; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 5 (Theridamas). See
Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purfle,</span></span> to embroider along an edge, to border, to ornament. Spenser,
F. Q. i. 2. 13; ii. 3. 26; Milton, Comus, 995; ‘<span class='it'>Pourfiler</span>, to purfle, tinsell
or overcast with gold thread’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purfle,</span></span> the contour or outline of anything, the profile. Chapman,
Byron’s Conspiracy, iii. 1 (Breton).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puritan,</span></span> used ironically for a courtesan (Cant). Marston, What you
Will, iii. 3 (Slip).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purlieu,</span></span> ground near a forest, which having been made forest, was
by perambulation (OF. <span class='it'>puralee</span>) separated from the same, see Manwood,
Forest Laws, cap. 20; ‘In the purlieus of this forest’, As You Like It, iv.
3. 77. The form <span class='it'>purlieu</span> (for an older <span class='it'>purley</span>) is probably due to popular
etymology, i.e. to association with F. <span class='it'>pur lieu</span>, L. <span class='it'>purus locus</span>, a free open
space; <span class='it'>purley</span>, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); <span class='it'>purley-man</span>,
one who has lands within the ‘purlieu’ (NED.); <span class='it'>Pourlie man</span>, Cowell’s
Interpreter (s.v. Purlue). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>puralé</span> (<span class='it'>-lée</span>), a going though, ‘perambulatio’
(Rough List, s.v. Purlieu). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='purpense'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purpense,</span></span> to determine beforehand; ‘James Grame .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. wilfully
assented and purpensed the murdre, &amp;c.’, Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 7; ‘A
purpensed malice’, Udall, Erasmus’s Paraph. Mark iii. 30. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>purpenser</span>: <span class='it'>agwait purpensé</span>, ‘insidiis praecogitatis’ (Laws of William I,
§ 1, 2); see Moisy. See <span class='bold'><a href='#prepense'>prepense</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purpose,</span></span> conversation, discourse. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 45; ii. 6. 6;
ii. 8. 56; Much Ado, iii. 1. 12; to converse, discourse, F. Q. ii. 12. 16.
OF. <span class='it'>pourpos</span> (<span class='it'>purpos</span>), a purpose (Godefroy), cp. F. <span class='it'>propos</span>, a purpose, design,
also, speech, discourse (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purprise,</span></span> an enclosure, enclosed area. Bacon, Essay 56 (Judicature).
Norm. F. <span class='it'>purprise</span>, <span class='it'>pourprise</span>, ‘pourpris, enceinte, enelos, demeure’ (Moisy);
<span class='it'>porprise</span> (Didot); <span class='it'>porprendre</span>, ‘investir, entourer’ (Didot). Med. L. <span class='it'>porprisa</span>,
<span class='it'>porprisum</span>, ‘possessio vel locus sepibus, muris, ant vallis conclusus’; see
Ducange (s.v. Porprendere).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purse,</span></span> to steal purses. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Yo.
Loveless).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purse-net,</span></span> a net, the mouth of which could be drawn together by
a string. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto); Appius, iv. 1
(Advocate).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purveyance,</span></span> providence. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 58; provision,
equipment, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 13. ME. <span class='it'>purveyaunce</span>, providence, also,
provision (Chaucer). See Dict. (s.v. Purvey).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>push,</span></span> a pustule, pimple; ‘Black poushes or boyles’, Sir T. Elyot,
Castel of Helthe, bk. iii, c. 7; ‘Pimples or pushes’, Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Diogenes, § 6. Still in use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Push, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>push,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, pish! Massinger, The Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides);
Middleton, Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Shortyard). Very common in Middleton.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='push-pin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>push-pin,</span></span> a childish game noticed by Strutt, Sports, v. 4. 14. In
L. L. L. iv. 3. 169; Herrick, Hesper., Love’s Play at Push-pin. Also
called <span class='it'>put-pin</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='pussle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pussle,</span></span> a maid, girl, drab. Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78);
‘A puzell verie beautifull’, Holinshed (ed. 1587, iii. 545); Laneham’s
Letter (ed. Furnivall, 23); ‘The Fayre Pusell’, W. de Worde, Treatyse
of a Galaunt (see title of the play). F. <span class='it'>pucelle</span>, a maid.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put,</span></span> a silly fellow, a ‘duffer’ (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1
(Shamwell). See Slang Dict., 1874.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put case,</span></span> suppose. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put forth,</span></span> to lend out (money). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour
ii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Temp. iii. 3. 48; Sonnet cxxxiv. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put on,</span></span> to put on a hat. This was the occasion of much empty compliment.
Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto). <span class='it'>Putting off his hat</span>,
taking it off, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 7.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put up,</span></span> to sheathe a sword, to replace it in the scabbard. Temp. i. 2.
469; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 343; <span class='it'>put up</span> (without a following sb.), Middleton,
The Widow, i. 2 (Martino).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puther,</span></span> pother, trouble, disturbance. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii.
4 (Bayes); <span class='it'>pudder</span>, K. Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); <span class='it'>poother</span>, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 234.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put-pin,</span></span> ‘Playing at put-pin’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii.
205. See <span class='bold'><a href='#push-pin'>push-pin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puttock,</span></span> a bird of prey of the kite kind. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 191;
Cymb. i. 1. 140; Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 110; ‘Puttocke, <span class='it'>escoufle</span>’, Palsgrave.
In common prov. use for a kite or buzzard, see EDD. (s.v. Puttock, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1
and 2). ME. <span class='it'>puttocke</span>, ‘milvus’ (Prompt. EETS. 339, see note, no. 1647).
<span class='it'>Puttock</span> is a not uncommon surname, see Bardsley, 493. An older form for
this surname was <span class='it'>Putthawke</span>, see Chronicles of Theberton (Suffolk), by
H. M. Doughty, 1910, p. 177, ‘That year [1748] John Puttock or Putthawke
was churchwarden.’ Can <span class='it'>puttock</span>, the name of the bird, stand for
<span class='it'>pout-hawk,</span> from the pouts, i.e. small birds, on which it feeds? [For <span class='it'>pout</span>,
see NED. (s.v. <span class='it'>Poult</span>).]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puzell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pussle'>pussle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pylery hole,</span></span> the hole through which the head of the offender was
thrust in the pillory. Skelton, Magnyf. 361. OF. <span class='it'>pillorie</span> (Ducange, s.v.
Pilorium), O. Prov. <span class='it'>espilori</span>, <span class='it'>espitlori</span> (Levy); Med. L. *<span class='it'>spect’lorium</span> &lt; *<span class='it'>spectaculorium</span>,
a place for a ‘spectacle’ (L. <span class='it'>spectaculum</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pyonyng;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pion'>pion</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pyromancy,</span></span> divination by fire. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (186);
scene 2. 15 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). Gk. πυρομαντεία, divination by fire.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Pythonissa,</span></span> the witch of Endor; ‘Saith the Pythonissa to Saul’,
Bacon, Essay 35. L. <span class='it'>pythonissa</span>, applied to the witch of Endor (1 Sam. xxviii),
see Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii, Argument (‘Saul pythonissam consulit’);
properly, a woman possessed with Python, the spirit of divination, cp.
Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii. 7 (‘Mulier pythonem habens in Endor’).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#Phitonesse'>Phitonessa</a>.</span></p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='Q'>Q</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Q,</span></span> a cue, as the signal for an actor to begin his part; ‘And took I not
my <span class='it'>Q</span>?’ Barry, Ram-Alley, ii. 1 (W. Smallshanks); ‘And old men know
their <span class='it'>Q’s</span>, id., iii. 1 (O. Small.). Some say it stood for L. <span class='it'>quando</span>, when;
i.e. the time when.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quab,</span></span> a crude or shapeless thing. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3. 5.
Low G. <span class='it'>quabbe</span>, a piece of fat flesh, <span class='it'>quabbeln</span>, to be flabby, quiver like a piece
of fat or soft flesh; Du. <span class='it'>quabbe</span>, ‘the dewlap of a Rudder-beast hanging
down under his necke’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quacking cheat,</span></span> a cant term for a duck. Middleton, Roaring Girl,
v. 1 (Trapdoor). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quadlin,</span></span> a kind of apple, a ‘codling’, mentioned among the July
fruits in Bacon’s Essay 46, Of Gardens; <span class='it'>quodling</span>, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1
(Dol Common). Perhaps a corruption of ME. <span class='it'>querdlyng</span>, appul, ‘duracenum’
(Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quadrate,</span></span> a troop in a square formation; ‘The Powers Militant .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
in mighty Quadrate joyn’d’, Milton, P. L. vi. 62. L. <span class='it'>quadratus</span>, squared;
<span class='it'>quadratum</span>, a square.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail,</span></span> the name of the bird, applied to a courtesan. Tr. and Cr. v. 1. 57;
B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula). See Nares. Cp. F. <span class='it'>cailte coiffée</span>, ‘une
femme galante’ (Moisy, s.v. Quaille); <span class='it'>cailles coyphées</span>, women (Rabelais,
iv. 23); <span class='it'>caille coiffée</span>, ‘a woman’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail,</span></span> to curdle, coagulate; ‘I quayle as mylke dothe, <span class='it'>je quaillebotte</span>’,
Palsgrave; ‘This mylke is quayled’, id.; Phillips, Dict., 1706. In prov.
use in E. Anglia and adjacent counties, see EDD. (s.v. Quail, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME.
<span class='it'>quaylyn</span> as mylk or odyrlyk lykowre, ‘coagulo’ (Prompt. EETS. 363).
F. <span class='it'>cailler</span>, to curdle, to coagulate (Cotgr.), OF. <span class='it'>coailler</span> (Oxf. Ps. cxviii. 70);
L. <span class='it'>coagulare</span>; cp. Ital. <span class='it'>quagliare</span> (<span class='it'>coagulare</span>, to curd or curdle (Torriano)).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#quarle2'>quarle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail,</span></span> to lose courage; ‘My heart drops blood, and my false spirits
Quaile’, Cymbeline, v. 5. 149; ‘Their hearts began to quaile’, Holland,
Livy, xxxvi. 9. 924. A <span class='it'>fig.</span> sense of <span class='it'>quail</span> (to curdle), see above. Cp. Ital.
<span class='it'>quagliare</span> (<span class='it'>cagliare</span>), ‘aggrumare’; <span class='it'>per met.</span> ‘mancar d’animo, venir meno’
(Fanfani, s.v. Cagliare).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail</span></span> (a trans. use of above), to cause to quail, to depress the heart
with fear or dejection; ‘He meant to quail and shake the orb’, Ant.
and Cl. v. 2. 85; Mids. Night’s D. v. 292 (Pyramus); Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 49;
Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, i. 2 (Cassilane); Kyd, Cornelia,
iv. 1. 243.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail-pipe boot,</span></span> a boot having a wrinkled appearance. Middleton,
Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Truepenny); with reference to the E. version
of the Romaunt of the Rose, 7261: ‘Highe shoes .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. That frouncen [are
wrinkled] lyke a quaile-pipe.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quaint,</span></span> skilled, clever; ‘The quaint Musician’, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 149;
skilfully designed, ‘A quaint salad’, Shirley, Traitor, iv. 2; beautiful,
elegant, Milton, Samson Ag. 1303; Much Ado, iii. 4. 22; dainty,
fastidious, prim, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 10. OF. <span class='it'>cointe</span>, ‘instruit’ (Bartsch),
Med. L. <span class='it'>cognitus</span>, ‘sciens’ (Ducange). Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>coinde</span>, <span class='it'>cointe</span>, ‘joli,
gracieux, aimable’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quaisy;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#queazy'>queazy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quality,</span></span> profession, occupation. Merry Wives, v. 5. 44; Hamlet, ii.
2. 363; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Metaldi).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quar,</span></span> a ‘quarry’, a heap of dead men. Phaer, Aeneid ix, 526. See
Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarelet,</span></span> a small square; ‘The quarelets of pearl’ (referring to a girl’s
teeth), Herrick, The Rock of Rubies, and the Quarrie of Pearls, 32. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#quarrel'>quarrel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarle,</span></span> a ‘quarrel’, cross-bow bolt. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 33. See
Dict. (s.v. Quarrel, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quarle2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarle,</span></span> to curdle, coagulate. Tourneur, Rev. Trag. iv. 4. 8. See
<a href='#quar3'><span class='bold'>quar</span>(<span class='bold'>r</span></a> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quar</span>(<span class='bold'>r,</span></span> a stone-quarry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth);
Drayton, Pol. i. 119. In prov. use (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quar3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quar</span>(<span class='bold'>r,</span></span> to coagulate; ‘It keepeth the mylke from quarring and crudding
in the brest’, Lyte, Dodoens, ii. 74. 246 (NED.). In prov. use in
Worc., Hants., Somerset, Devon (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#quarle2'>quarle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quarrel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarrel,</span></span> a square, or diamond-shaped piece of glass, in a window;
‘A quarrell of glasse’, Puttenham, Arte of Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 11, ed. Arber,
p. 106; Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 1 (Galoshio). ‘Quarrel’ is in
prov. use in various parts of England for a pane of glass, esp. a diamond-shaped
pane, see EDD. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.<sup>1</sup>), and NED. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarron,</span></span> the body; the belly (Cant); ‘To comfort the quarron’,
Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song); <span class='it'>Quaromes</span>, a body, Harman, Caveat,
p. 82. The same word as <span class='it'>carrion</span>, a carcass; ‘Old feeble carrions’, Jul.
Caesar, ii. 1. 130. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quart,</span></span> quarter, fourth part. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10.14. L. <span class='it'>quartus</span>, fourth.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quart d’écu;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cardecu'>cardecu</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quartile,</span></span> a quartile aspect, a quadrature, denoting the position of two
planets which are 90 degrees apart. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, chap.
xxxvi, st. 12; Dryden, Palamon, i. 500.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quass,</span></span> to drink copiously. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 87. Low
G. <span class='it'>quasen</span>, <span class='it'>quassen</span>, to devour, swallow (Lübben).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quat,</span></span> a pimple; <span class='it'>fig.</span> applied contemptuously to a young person.
Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); Othello, v. 1. 11. ‘Quat’,
meaning a pimple, is in prov. use in the Midlands, also in Hants. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quat,</span></span> to oppress. Lyly, Euphues, p. 44. In prov. use in Wilts. and
Somerset, meaning to squeeze, crush, see EDD. (s.v. Quat, vb. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quat,</span></span> the act or state of squatting. A hunted leveret is ‘put to the
dead quat’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 31).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quaternion,</span></span> a set of four. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Cupid);
Milton, P. L. v. 181; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Acts xii. 4. L. <span class='it'>quaternio</span> (Vulgate).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quayd,</span></span> quieted, appeased; ‘Therewith his sturdie courage soone was
quayd’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 14. See <span class='bold'><a href='#accoy'>accoy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queach,</span></span> a dense growth of bushes, a thicket. Golding, Ovid’s Metam.
i. 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xix. 610; id., Hymn to Pan; Coote’s
English Schoolemaster; Howell, Londinop. 382; <span class='it'>queachie</span>, bushy, Golding,
Metam., To Reader. See Nares. An E. Anglian word for a small plantation
of trees or bushes, a ‘spinney’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>queche</span>, a dense growth
of bushes (Merlin, ed. Wheatley, iii. 540).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queachy,</span></span> swampy, boggy; ‘Queachy fens’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 396; iv.
65; xvii. 384; <span class='it'>quechy</span>, Heywood, Brazen Age, ii. 2 (Wks. iii. 190).
‘Queechy’ is in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Queachy, adj.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queam;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#queme'>queme</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='queat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queat,</span></span> ‘quiet’; ‘Be <span class='it'>queat</span>’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 73;
bk. iii, ch. 14, st. last but one. Not uncommon. See <span class='bold'><a href='#unqueat'>unqueat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queave,</span></span> to palpitate; ‘I left him <span class='it'>queaving</span> and quick’ (i.e. palpitating
and alive), Puttenham, Arte of E. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19 (ed. Arber, p. 223);
‘Quycke and queaving’, life and palpitation, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy
(ed. Hazlitt, ii. 289). See NED. (s.v. Quave).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='queazy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queazy,</span></span> squeamish, fastidious, nice. Dryden, Epil. to Don Sebastian,
16; spelt <span class='it'>quaisie</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 40); <span class='it'>queasie</span>, unsettling
the stomach, causing nausea, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 44); ‘Quaisy as meate
or drinke is, <span class='it'>dangereux</span>’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quebas,</span></span> the name of an obsolete card-game. Etherege, She Would
if she Could, iii. 3 (Lady Cockwood). Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queching;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#quetch'>quetch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quecke,</span></span> a knock, a whack; ‘If I fall, I catch a <span class='it'>quecke</span>, I may fortune
to break my neck’, Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 8. Not
found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queest;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#woodquist'>woodquist</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='queint'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queint,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> quenched. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; ‘The coals .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. that be
quent’, Sir T. Wyatt (Wks., ed. Bell, p. 200). ME. <span class='it'>queynt</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span>
2321), pp. of <span class='it'>quenche</span>, to quench (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. 846). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quellio,</span></span> a Spanish collar or neck-band. Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1
(Guzman); <span class='it'>quellio ruff</span>, a Spanish ruff, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 (Luke).
Span. <span class='it'>cuello</span>, neck, collar, ruff (Stevens); L. <span class='it'>collum</span>, neck.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quelquechose,</span></span> a delicacy; the same word as <span class='it'>kickshaws</span>. Marston,
Malcontent, i. 1. 161 (Malevole); ‘<span class='it'>Fricandeaux</span>, short, skinless, and dainty
puddings, or Quelkchoses, made of good flesh and herbs chopped together,
then rolled up into the form of Liverings, &amp;c., and so boiled’, Cotgrave.
F. <span class='it'>quelque chose</span>, something. See Dict. (s.v. Kickshaws).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='queme'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queme,</span></span> to please. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 15; <span class='it'>queam</span>, pleasure,
Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, ch. 60, st. 32. ME. <span class='it'>queme</span>, to please
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 695); <span class='it'>queme</span>, pleasure, satisfaction (Cursor M.
1064); see Dict. M. and S. OE. <span class='it'>cwēman</span>, <span class='it'>gecwēman</span>, to please.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quent;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#queint'>queint</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quere,</span></span> the ‘choir’ of a church. Morte Arthur, leaf 430*, back, 22;
bk. xxi, c. 12; Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 396. ‘Queer’ is in prov. use for
choir in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>quere</span>, <span class='it'>queer</span> (Wyclif, Ps. lii. 1;
cl. 4). Norm. F. <span class='it'>quers</span>, nom.; <span class='it'>cuer</span>, acc., ‘chœur’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v.
Choir).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>querke:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to have the querke of the sea</span> (?), Harrison, Desc. of England,
bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 310).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>querpo:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in querpo</span>, in a close-fitting dress or doublet, without
a cloak; ‘To walk the streets in querpo’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. 2;
cp. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 201. Span. <span class='it'>en cuerpo</span>, lit. ‘in the body’; hence,
half dressed. See Stanford (s.v. Cuerpo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cuerpo'>cuerpo</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>querre, at the,</span></span> (probably) on the cross, at a cross-stroke; ‘<span class='it'>Sir Francis.</span>
My hawk killed too. <span class='it'>Sir Charles.</span> Ay, but ’twas at the querre, Not at the
mount, like mine’, Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3. Cp. Low G. <span class='it'>vor queer</span>,
across. See Dict. (s.v. Queer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>querry,</span></span> an ‘equerry’. Beaumont and Fl., Noble Gentleman, v. 1
(Marine); ‘<span class='it'>Querries</span>, Persons that are conversant in the Queen’s Stables;
and have charge of her Horses’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See Dict. (s.v. Equerry).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quest,</span></span> to seek after, search about, like a dog after game. Otway,
Soldier’s Fortune, iv. 3. 2. Also, to give tongue, like a hound at the sight
of game, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Townshead). ‘To quest’ is
in prov. use in various parts of England, of dogs in the sense of seeking
for game, and of breaking out into a bark at the sight of the quarry; see
EDD. F. <span class='it'>quester</span>, ‘to quest, hunt; to open, as a dog that seeth, or findeth
of his game’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quest,</span></span> an inquiry; a body of men summoned to hold an inquiry.
Gascoigne, Works, i. 37; ‘Crowner’s quest law’, Hamlet, v. 1. 24. See
Dict. (s.v. Inquest).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quest-house,</span></span> the house at which the inquests in a ward or parish
were commonly held, the chief watch-house in a parish. Middleton,
Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (W. Camlet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>questmongers,</span></span> men who made a business of conducting inquiries,
Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 192). ME. <span class='it'>questmongeres</span> (P. Plowman,
B. xix. 367).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>questuary,</span></span> profitable, money-making. Middleton, Family of Love,
v. 1 (Glister); Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 13, § 4. L. <span class='it'>quaestuarius</span>,
relating to gain; <span class='it'>quaestus</span>, gain.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quetch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quetch, quitch,</span></span> to move, stir, wince; ‘He dare nat quytche’, Palsgrave;
‘The Lads of Sparta of Ancient Time were wont to be Scourged
upon the Altar of Diana, without so much as Queching’, Bacon, Essay 39;
‘He could not move, nor quich at all’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 38; ‘They dare
not queatche’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. ME. <span class='it'>quytchyn</span>, ‘moveo’
(Prompt.); OE. <span class='it'>cweccan</span>, ‘movere’ (Matt. xxvii. 39).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quibible,</span></span> (perhaps) a pipe or whistle; ‘Time .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to pype in a quibyble’,
Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 389.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quiblin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quiblin,</span></span> a trick. Eastward Ho, iii. (1 <span class='it'>or</span> 2) (Security); B. Jonson,
Tale of a Tub, iv. 1 (end); ‘A quirk or a quiblin’, id., Barth. Fair, i. 1
(Littlewit); id., Alchemist, iv. 4. 728 (Face). See Dict. (s.v. Quibble).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quich;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#quetch'>quetch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quiddit,</span></span> a subtle shift, law-trick. Hamlet, v. 1. 107 (fol.); Heywood,
The Fair Maid, v. 2. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quiddle,</span></span> to trifle, to discourse in a trifling way; ‘Set out your bussing
base, and we will quiddle upon it’, Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 81.
In common prov. use from Worc. to Cornwall in the sense of acting in a
fussy manner about trifles; see EDD. (s.v. Quiddle, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quight;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#quite'>quite</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quile;</span></span> see <a href='#quoil'><span class='bold'>quoil</span>(<span class='bold'>e</span></a><span class='bold'>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quillet,</span></span> a sly trick, cavil. L. L. L. iv. 3. 288; Fletcher, Woman’s
Prize, iv. 1. 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quillity,</span></span> a quibble, cavil. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 75. Cp. Ital.
<span class='it'>quilità</span>, <span class='it'>quillità</span>, ‘a quillity’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quinch,</span></span> to stir, to wince, flinch, start. Spenser, View of the State of
Ireland, p. 670, col. 1 (Globe edition). <span class='it'>Not a quinch</span>, not a start, not a jot,
‘I care not a quinche’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 28.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quintell;</span></span> ‘A Quintaine or Quintell, a game in request at marriages,
when Jac and Tom, Dic, Hob and Will, strive for the gay garland’, Minsheu,
Ductor; Herrick, A Pastorall Sung to the King, 4; <span class='it'>quintil</span>, Quarles,
Sheph. Orac. vi (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quip,</span></span> to taunt. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; to assail with sarcasm, Greene,
Verses from Cicero, 5, ed. Dyce, p. 311; to be sarcastic, Lyly, Euphues
(ed. Arber, p. 206).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quire,</span></span> a throng, company. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 48. See <span class='bold'><a href='#quere'>quere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quirily,</span></span> quiveringly (?). Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 220. Not
found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quit,</span></span> to requite. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 5); Beaumont
and Fl., v. 1 (Antinous). See <span class='bold'><a href='#quite'>quite</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quitch;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#quetch'>quetch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quite'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quite, quight,</span></span> to free, release. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 10; to repay,
requite, id., i. 10. 67; <span class='it'>quite</span>, id., i. 1. 30; i. 8. 26, 27; i. 10. 15, 37. ME.
<span class='it'>quyte</span>, to requite, repay (Chaucer); see Dict. M. and S. Med. L. <span class='it'>quietare</span>,
<span class='it'>quitare</span>, ‘pacificare, dimittere’; <span class='it'>quietus</span>, <span class='it'>quitus</span>, ‘absolutus, liber’ (Ducange).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>quite-claim,</span> to acquit, free. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 14.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quittance,</span></span> to requite, repay. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 14; Greene, Orl. Fur.
ii. 1 (499); Sacripant (p. 95, col. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quitter-bone,</span></span> an ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s foot. B. Jonson,
Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘<span class='it'>Sete</span>, the quitter-bone; a round and hard
swelling upon the cornet (between the heel and quarter) of a horse’s foot’,
(Cotgrave).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quitture,</span></span> a purulent discharge from a wound or sore. Chapman, tr.
of Iliad, xiv. 7; xxiv. 374. ME. <span class='it'>quytere</span> (Wyclif, Job ii. 8); <span class='it'>whytowre</span>
(Prompt.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>quyture</span> (Bozon), OF. <span class='it'>cuiture</span>, smarting, matter from
a boil; <span class='it'>cuire</span>, to smart, lit. to cook, roast, &amp;c.; L. <span class='it'>coquere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quiver,</span></span> active, quick, rapid. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 301; Turbervile, The
Lover to Cupid, st. 18; <span class='it'>quiverly</span>, actively, Gillespie, Eng. Pop. Cerem.
(NED.). OE. <span class='it'>cwiferlīce</span>, actively.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quoil'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quoil</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> a noisy disturbance, a ‘coil’. R. Harvey, Pl. Perc. (ed. 1860,
p. 30); Culpepper, Eng. Physic, 255; <span class='it'>quile</span>, Lord Cromwell, i. 1. 7. See
NED. (s.v. Coil, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quondam,</span></span> once upon a time; hence, one who has formerly held an
office, one who has ceased to perform duties; ‘He wyll haue euerye man
a quondam as he is; as for my quondamshyp’, &amp;c, Latimer, 4 Sermon
bef. King, ed. Arber, p. 108. L. <span class='it'>quondam</span>, formerly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quook,</span></span> quaked; <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> of <span class='it'>quake</span>. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 30. ME. <span class='it'>quok</span>, quaked
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1576); but the regular pt. t. is <span class='it'>quaked</span>(<span class='it'>e</span> (P. Plowman,
B. xviii. 246); OE. <span class='it'>cwacode</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>cwacian</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quote,</span></span> to note, set down in writing. L. L. L. ii. 246; Fletcher, Woman’s
Prize, iv. 1 (Petronius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quoth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quoth, quoathe,</span></span> to faint; ‘He, quothing as he stood’, Golding,
Metam. v. 71; fol. 56 (1603); vii. 859; fol. 92. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coath'>coath</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quot-quean,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cot-quean'>cot-quean</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='quoying'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quoying,</span></span> ‘coying’, blandishing; ‘Were they living to heare our newe
quoyings .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. they would tearme it (the old wooing) foolish’ (Lyly,
Euphues, ed. Arber, 277). See <span class='bold'><a href='#coy'>coy</a>.</span></p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='R'>R</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rabate'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rabate, rabbate,</span></span> to rebate, remit, take away; ‘I rabate a porcyon’,
Palsgrave, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, ch. 25 (ed. Arber, p. 310);
<span class='it'>rabbate</span>, diminution, Puttenham, iii. ch. 11; p. 173. F. ‘<span class='it'>rabatre</span>, to abate,
remit, give back’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rebate2'>rebate</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rabbit-sucker,</span></span> a very young rabbit; one that still sucks. 1 Hen. IV,
ii. 4. 480; Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rabbling,</span></span> disorderly; ‘Rabbling wretch!’, Appius and Virginia, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rablement,</span></span> a rabble, noisy crowd. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>race,</span></span> to rase, scrape. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 108, 118; Chapman,
tr. of Iliad, iv. 158; to tear, to tear away, Morte Arthur, leaf 36, back, 1;
bk. i, c. 23; to slash, tear violently, id., leaf 119, back, 22; bk. vii, c. 17;
to erase, to alter a writing by erasure, ‘This indenture is raced’, Palsgrave.
See NED. (s.v. Race, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rache;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ratch'>ratch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rack,</span></span> a neck of mutton. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Lyly,
Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Dromio); How a Man may choose, iii. 3 (Aminadab).
In prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rack,</span></span> a mass of driving clouds. Hamlet, ii. 3. 506. Also, as vb., to
drift, to move as a driving cloud; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 27; Edw. III, ii. 1. 4;
Dryden, Three Political Prologues, ii. 33.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rack,</span></span> to move quickly; said of deer and horses; ‘His rain-deer, racking
with proud and stately pace’, Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory (ed.
Dyce, p. 562). Cp. Swed. dial. <span class='it'>rakka</span>, to go quickly, to run hither and
thither (Rietz).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rack and manger, at,</span></span> with plenty of food, in the midst of abundance,
in luxury; ‘Kept at rack and manger’, Warner, Alb. England,
bk. viii, ch. 41, st. 46. The phrase, ‘To live at rack and manger’ (i.e. to
live with heedless extravagance), is in common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v.
Rack, sb.<sup>5</sup> 16 (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rad'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rad,</span></span> agreed upon after consultation; ‘Which judgement strayt was
rad’, Mirror for Mag., Northfolke, st. 21. Pp. of <span class='it'>rede</span>, to take counsel together.
See NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.<sup>1</sup> 5). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rede'>rede</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raft,</span></span> reft, bereft. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 14. See NED. (s.v.
Reave, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ragman-roll,</span></span> a list, catalogue; ‘I did what I cowde Apollo to rase
out of her ragman rollis’, Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 1490. ME. <span class='it'>rolle of ragman</span>,
a catalogue, Towneley Myst. xxx. 224; <span class='it'>rageman</span>, the name of a game of
chance played with a written roll having strings attached to the various
items contained in it, one of which the player selected or ‘drew’ at
random; see Gower, C. A. viii. 2379, and the interesting note by G. C.
Macaulay; <span class='it'>rageman</span>, the name given to a statute (4 Edward I), appointing
justices to hear and determine complaints of injuries done within 25
years previous; see NED. (s.v. Ragman, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ragmans rew,</span></span> a rhapsody, rigmarole; ‘A ragmans rewe .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. So do
we call a long jeste that railleth on any persone by name’, Udall, tr. of
Apoph., 245; a list, ‘Ragmanrew, <span class='it'>series</span>’, Levins, Manip.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rahate,</span></span> ‘to rate’, scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, §§ 22, 34.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raile, rayle,</span></span> to roll, flow, trickle. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 43; ii. 8. 37;
Visions of Bellay, 155; Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, iv. 74.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>railed,</span></span> fastened in a row; ‘Railed in ropes, like a team of horses in
a cart’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 130); Ford, Perkin Warbeck,
iii. 1 (Oxford). OF. <span class='it'>reiller</span>; L. <span class='it'>regulare</span>, to put in order.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rain, rean,</span></span> a furrow between the ridges in a field. Spelt <span class='it'>raine</span>, Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 13. 7; <span class='it'>rayne</span>, id., 7. 20; <span class='it'>reane</span>, id., 21. 15. In
general prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rean). Icel. <span class='it'>rein</span>, a narrow strip of
land, esp. one left unploughed between fields.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raine, rayne,</span></span> realm, dominion; also region. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 28;
id., iii. 4. 49; vi. 2. 9. See Dict. (s.v. Reign).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rakehell,</span></span> a thorough scoundrel; a debauchee or rake; ‘The King of
rake-hells’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165); ‘<span class='it'>Vaultneant</span>, <span class='it'>pendart</span>,
<span class='it'>pendereau</span>, a rakehel, a rascal that wil be hangd’, Nomenclator, 1585
(Nares); ‘<span class='it'>Pendard</span>, a rake-hell, crack-rope, gallow-clapper’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rakel,</span></span> impetuous, headstrong; ‘Rakyl, <span class='it'>insolens</span>’, Levins, Manip.;
‘Rackle’ (or ‘Rakel’) is in common prov. use in the north country in the
sense of rash, violent, headstrong (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>rakel</span>, rash, hasty (Chaucer,
Tr. and Cr. i. 1067; iii. 1437).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ramage,</span></span> said of hawks: having left the nest and begun to fly from
branch to branch; hence, wild, untamed, shy; said also of animals and
persons; ‘Take a sperhauke ramage’, Caxton, G. de la Tour, A viii (NED.);
Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 10. Norm. F. <span class='it'>ramage</span>, ‘sauvage,
farouche’ (Moisy); Rom. type, <span class='it'>ramaticum</span>, deriv. of L. <span class='it'>ramus</span>, a branch.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ramp,</span></span> a bold vulgar girl. Middleton and Dekker, Roaring Girl, iii. 3
(Trapdoor); Cymbeline, i. 6. 134; Lyly, Sapho, iii. 2 (Song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ramp,</span></span> to creep or crawl on the ground; see NED. ME. <span class='it'>rampe</span>: ‘A litel
Serpent .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Which rampeth’ (Gower, C. A. vi. 2230). F. <span class='it'>ramper</span>, ‘to creep,
crawl’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ramp3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ramp,</span></span> to raise the forepaws in the air (usually said of lions); ‘A
rampynge and roarynge lyon’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 13 (so in
Prayer Book); ‘The ramping lion’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 2. 13. ME. <span class='it'>rampe</span>;
‘He goth rampende as a leoun’ (Gower, C. A. vii. 2573). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>ramper</span>;
‘lioun rampant’ (Gower, Mirour, 2267). See <span class='bold'><a href='#raump'>raump</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rampallian,</span></span> a ruffian, scoundrel; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl.,
Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Orleans); City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
xi. 197; applied to a woman, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 65; S. Rowlands, Greenes
Ghost (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rampier,</span></span> a ‘rampart’, protecting bank of earth. Bacon, Henry VII
(ed. Lumby, p. 165). Hence, <span class='it'>rampired</span>, fortified, Timon, v. 4. 47. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rampion,</span></span> a species of bell-flower, <span class='it'>Campanula Rapunculus</span>. Tusser,
Husbandry, § 40. 12; Drayton, Pol. xx. 60. F. <span class='it'>raiponce</span>, ‘rampions’
(Cotgr.). The <span class='it'>s</span> of <span class='it'>rampions</span> has been taken for the plural <span class='it'>s</span>, and accordingly
dropped.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ranch,</span></span> to tear, to cut. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 856; Drayton, tr. of
Aeneid, xi. 1184. ‘Ranch’ in E. Anglia means to scratch deeply and
severely (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rand,</span></span> a strip or slice of meat; ‘Rands and sirloins’, Fletcher, Wildgoose
Chase, v. 2 (Belleur); ‘<span class='it'>Giste de bœuf</span>, a rand of beef, a longe and
fleeshy peece, cut out from between the flanke and buttock’ (Cotgrave).
Still in use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Rand, sb.<sup>1</sup> 6).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='randon1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>randon:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>at randon</span>, with rushing force. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 7;
Shep. Kal., May, 46. OF. <span class='it'>randon</span>, force, impetuosity, the swiftness of a
violent stream; hence F. <span class='it'>aller à grand randon</span>, ‘to go very fast’ (Cotgr.).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#raundon'>raundon</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>randon,</span></span> to go about at will. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Arostus); ii.
chorus, 2. F. ‘<span class='it'>randonner</span>, to run swiftly, violently’ (Cotgr.); see H. Estienne,
Précellence, 187.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rangle,</span></span> to rove, to wander. Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 36; Turbervile,
The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 2. Cp. the Somerset phrase ‘a
rangle common’, see EDD. (s.v. Rangle, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rank,</span></span> strongly, furiously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6; iv. 5. 33. In Cheshire
a wasp’s nest is said to be ‘rank’, where the wasps are numerous and
angry (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>rank</span>, froward (Havelok, 2561). OE. <span class='it'>ranc</span>, renders the
Vulgate ‘protervum’ (Ælfric, Deut. xxi. 18).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ranpick,</span></span> partially decayed, bare of leaves. Drayton, Pol. ii. 205;
Barnfield, Affect. Sheph. 27 (NED.). In Cheshire ‘rampick’ (in Warw.
‘ranpike’) means a tree beginning to decay at the top; a young tree
stripped of boughs and bark (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rap,</span></span> to affect with rapture, to transport, ravish with joy. Cymbeline,
i. 6. 51; B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, i. 1. A back-formation
from <span class='bold'><a href='#rapt1'>rapt</a></span> (1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rap and rend,</span></span> to snatch up and seize, to take by force, acquire.
Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 54; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 789; <span class='it'>rappe and
rende</span>, Roy, Rede Me (ed. Arber, 74). ME. <span class='it'>rape and renne</span> (Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1422). See EDD. (s.v. Rap, vb.<sup>3</sup> (1) and (5)), and Dict. (s.v. Rap, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rapt1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rapt,</span></span> caught up (like Elijah). Milton, P. L. iii. 522; vii. 23; affected
with ecstasy, Macbeth, i. 3. 57 (and 142); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 6. L. <span class='it'>raptus</span>,
seized, snatched.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rapt,</span></span> to carry away, to transport, enrapture. Daniel, Civil War, vii.
96; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 411; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 84; Sylvester,
Du Bartas, ii. 4. 1. The verb is formed from the pp., see above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rapture,</span></span> the act of carrying off as prey or plunder; ‘Spite of all the
rapture of the sea’, Pericles, ii. 1. 161; the condition of being carried
onward, ‘Our Ship .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. ’gainst a Rocke .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. her keele did dash With headlong
rapture’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xiv. 428; the act of carrying off
a woman, Dekker, Fortunatus (Wks., ed. 1873, i. 151).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rare,</span></span> early. ‘Rare and late’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 422. Still in
prov. use in the south and south-west counties, see EDD. adj.<sup>2</sup>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rear1'>rear</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rascal,</span></span> a lean deer not fit to hunt. As You like It, iii. 3. 58; Beaumont
and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph); Turbervile, Hunting,
c. 28; p. 73. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rash,</span></span> to strike like a boar, with a glancing stroke, to tear with violence.
B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fastidious Brisk); Spenser,
F. Q. iv. 2. 17. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rash,</span></span> to tear, pull, drag. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 826; Dryden,
tr. of Aeneid, ix. 1094. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ratch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ratch,</span></span> a dog that hunts by scent. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 592. Still
in use in the north country, see EDD. sb.<sup>4</sup>. ME. <span class='it'>ratche</span>, hownde, odorinsecus’
(Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>ræce</span> (B. T.); related to Icel. <span class='it'>rakki</span>, a dog.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ratches,</span></span> a mass of scudding clouds; ‘From all the heauen the ratches
flies’, Phaer, Aeneid v, 821 (L. <span class='it'>nimbi</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rathe,</span></span> early; ‘The rathe morning’, Drayton, Robert, Duke of Normandy,
8; Milton, Lycidas, 142; ‘The rather lambs’ (i.e. the lambs born
in the earlier part of the year), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 83; <span class='it'>rathe</span>, soon,
id., Dec, 98; ‘All to rathe’ (all too soon). Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover
waileth (Wks., ed. Bell, 98). Still in use in various parts of the British
Isles (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>rathe</span>, early, soon; <span class='it'>rather</span>, sooner, more willingly
(Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>hræð</span>, quick, <span class='it'>hraðe</span>, quickly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raught,</span></span> reached; <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> and <span class='it'>pp.</span> of <span class='it'>to reach</span>. L. L. L. iv. 2. 41; Hen. V,
iv. 6. 21; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 43. Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Reach,
vb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='raump'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raump,</span></span> to ramp, rear up; said of a lion. Morte Arthur, leaf 170.
30; bk. ix, c. 1. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ramp3'>ramp</a></span> (3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='raundon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raundon,</span></span> force, violence, impetuosity, great haste. Morte Arthur,
leaf 55. 37; bk. iii, c. 9; id., leaf 338. 15; bk. xvi, c. 8. See <span class='bold'><a href='#randon1'>randon</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raven:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>raven’s bone</span>, the gristle on the ‘spoon’ of the brisket of
a deer; given to the crows. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). Also
called <span class='it'>raven’s morsel</span>, Turbervile, Hunting, 42. 129.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ravin,</span></span> to snatch with violence, to devour greedily; Meas. for M. i.
2. 133; Cymbeline, i. 6. 49; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xlix. 27; Ps. xvii. 12, margin;
‘<span class='it'>Rapinare</span>, to ravin, to rob, to snatch’ (Florio); <span class='it'>raven</span>, to have a ravenous
appetite for, Dryden, Hind and P., iii. 964; id., Wild Gallant, iv. 2; <span class='it'>ravine</span>,
prey, booty, ‘The Lion .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. filled his holes with pray, and his dens with
ravine’, Nahum ii. 12 (Vulgate, <span class='it'>rapina</span>); ravenous, ‘I met the ravin lion’,
All’s Well, iii. 2. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Raven, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ray,</span></span> ‘array’, due order. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 50; v. 11, 34; an array,
line, rank, ‘Thirteen rayes of horsemen’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander,
§ 5. See Dict. (s.v. Array).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ray,</span></span> to defile. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 40; vi. 4. 23; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54.
For <span class='it'>araye</span>; ‘I araye or fyle with myer, <span class='it'>j’emboue</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Ray’ is
still in use in Lanc. and Yorks. in this sense, cp. the proverb, ‘It’s an
ill bird that rays its own nest.’</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ray, cloth of,</span></span> a kind of striped cloth. Peele, Edw. I. (ed. Dyce, p. 390,
col. 2). Cp. F. <span class='it'>raie</span>, a streak, stripe; O. Prov. <span class='it'>rega</span>, ‘sillon’ (Levy); Med. L.
<span class='it'>riga</span>, a stripe, <span class='it'>rigatus</span>, striped (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rockray'>rockray</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rayon,</span></span> a ray, beam. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, Pt. II, st. 2, 1. 7. F.
<span class='it'>rayon</span>, a ray.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raze,</span></span> to slash, slit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 288; Turbervile, Trag. T., 279
(NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>read;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#rede'>rede</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reading,</span></span> advice. Field, Woman a Weathercock, i. 1 (Nevill). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#rede'>rede</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ready:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to make ready</span>, to dress oneself; ‘You made yourself half
ready in a dream’, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella); ‘She
must do nothing of herself, not eat .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. make her ready, unready, Unless
he bid her’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#unready'>unready</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='reaks'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reaks, reeks,</span></span> pranks, riotous practices. Gascoigne, Looks of a Lover
forsaken, 13 (Works, i. 49); Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown);
Urquhart’s Rabelais, iii. 2; ‘<span class='it'>Faire le Diable de Vauvert</span>, to play monstrous
reaks’, Cotgrave (s.v. Diable); ‘The heart of man in prayer is most bent
to play reakes in wandering from God’, Boyd, Last Battel, 731 (Jamieson).
‘Reak’ (or ‘reik’) is an old Scottish word for a trick or prank. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rex'>rex</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>re-allie,</span></span> to form (plans) again. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 23.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>realm,</span></span> region; pron. like <span class='it'>ream</span> (of paper), and quibbled upon. B.
Jonson, Every Man in Hum. v (Clement); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4
(Ithamore).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='reame'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reame,</span></span> a kingdom, realm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53; iv. 8. 45; Daniel,
Civil Wars, i. 82; <span class='it'>reme</span>, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 156. ME. <span class='it'>reame</span> (P.
Plowman, A. v. 146); <span class='it'>reme</span> (Chaucer), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>realme</span> (Rough List); see
Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Rewme).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reaming,</span></span> stretching out in threads; ‘Reaming wooll’, Herrick,
Widdowes Teares, st. 5. Cp. ‘reamy’, stringy, used of bread, in the west
country, see EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.<sup>2</sup> 6 (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rear1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rear,</span></span> early. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Lolpoop). A Kentish
pronunciation of <span class='it'>rare</span>. See EDD. (s.v. Rare, adj. 2). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rare'>rare</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rear,</span></span> insufficiently cooked. Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 21. In
gen. prov. use in England and America (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>hrēr</span>, half-cooked,
underdone (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reare,</span></span> to lift; hence, to carry off, take away. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 6.
Also, to direct upwards, Milton, P. R. ii. 285.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reasty,</span></span> rancid, esp. used of bacon which has become yellow and
strong-tasting through bad curing. <span class='it'>Reastie</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 2.
OF. <span class='it'>resté</span>, that which is left over, hence, stale, cp. Bibbesworth, in T. Wright’s
Vocab., 155: <span class='it'>chars restez</span> = E. <span class='it'>resty flees</span> (i.e. reasty flesh). <span class='it'>Reasty</span> is still in
general prov. use in England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebate,</span></span> to beat back. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 87; iii. 2 (884); p. 90,
col. 2; p. 101, col. 1. F. <span class='it'>rabatre</span> (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rebate2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebate,</span></span> to blunt. Meas. for M. i. 4. 60; Otway, Don Carlos, iii. 1
(King); Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiv. 585; Dryden, Pal. and Arc. iii. 502.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#rabate'>rabate</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebato, rabato,</span></span> a collar-band, or ruff, which turned back upon the
shoulders. Much Ado, iii. 4. 6; Dekker, Satiromastix (Works, 1873,
i. 186); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Phantaste); ‘<span class='it'>Porte-fraise</span>, a
Rebato or supporter for a Ruffe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611). <span class='it'>Rebato-wire</span>, a wire
for stiffening a ‘rebato’, Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 32; Heywood, A Woman
killed, v. 2. 8. F. <span class='it'>rabat</span>, ‘a Rabatoe for a woman’s ruff, also, a falling band’
(Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebeck,</span></span> an early form of the fiddle. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20,
§ 11; Milton, L’Allegro, 94. O. Prov. <span class='it'>rebec</span>, also <span class='it'>rebeb</span> (Levy). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebeck,</span></span> to beckon back, recall, reclaim; said of a hawk. Heywood,
A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebelling,</span></span> a ‘ravelin’ (in a quibble). Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1
(Clown). Span. <span class='it'>rebellin</span>, a ‘ravelin’ in fortification (Stevens). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reboil,</span></span> to bubble up again. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 10;
<span class='it'>reboyled</span>, made to boil again; Skelton (ed. Dyce, vol. i, p. 209). F. ‘<span class='it'>rebouiller</span>,
to boil once more; <span class='it'>rebouillonner</span>, to bubble’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>rebullire</span>,
‘recandescere’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='receit'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>receit,</span></span> a place of refuge, alcove. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 413;
recess, haven, id., x. 122; a recess, place of ambush; Bacon, Hen. VII
(ed. Lumby, p. 154). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>recet</span>, place of resort (Rough List); O. Prov.
<span class='it'>recet</span>, ‘lieu où l’on se retire, retraite’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>receptum</span> (Ducange).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#recheat'>recheat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rechate,</span></span> the calling together of the hounds in hunting. Malory,
Arthur, x. 52. As vb., to blow a ‘rechate’, to call together the hounds.
Drayton, Pol. xiii. 122; Turbervile, Hunting, xl. 114 (NED.). OF. <span class='it'>rachater</span>
(<span class='it'>racheter</span>); L. <span class='it'>re</span> + Med. L. <span class='it'>accaptare</span> (Ducange); see NED. (s.v. Achate, vb.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='recheat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recheat,</span></span> the series of notes sounded on the horn for calling the hounds
together, Much Ado, i. 1. 251; Davenant, Gondibert, ii. 37. Anglo-F.
and OF. (Picard), <span class='it'>rechet</span>, a retreat, hence, a note of retreat; O. Prov. <span class='it'>recet</span>,
‘retraite’ (Levy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#receit'>receit</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='recheles'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recheles,</span></span> reckless, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 7. 8. OE. <span class='it'>reccelēas</span>. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#retchless'>retchless</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rechlessness,</span></span> carelessness, recklessness, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady,
iv. 1; Article of Religion, 17 (in modern Prayer Books misspelt <span class='it'>wretchlessness</span>).
ME. <span class='it'>recchelesnesse</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 611).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reclaim,</span></span> to call back; <span class='it'>reclayme</span>, Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 9; a term in
falconry, ‘I reclayme a hauke of her wyldnesse’, Palsgrave; to tame,
Romeo, iv. 2. 47. Cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>reclame</span>, a Sohoe or Heylaw; a loud calling,
whooting or whooping, to make a Hawk stoop unto the Lure’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>record,</span></span> to sing, to warble; applied esp. to the singing of birds. Two
Gent. v. 4. 6; Pericles, iv, Gower; Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian,
ii. 1; Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 4. As sb. = <span class='bold'><a href='#recorder'>recorder</a></span> (see below), Puttenham,
Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 142.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='recorder'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recorder,</span></span> a kind of flageolet or small flute, so named because birds
were taught to ‘record’ by it. Hamlet, iii. 2. 303. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recoure,</span></span> to regain, win again. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 25; ‘I recure,
I get agayne’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recoyle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#recule'>recule</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recrayed,</span></span> recreant; ‘He was a recrayd knyght’, Skelton, Against the
Scottes, Epilogue, 26; A Replicacion, 45. Norm. F. <span class='it'>recreire</span>, ‘se dédire’
(Moisy); O. Prov. <span class='it'>se recreire</span>, ‘s’avouer vaincu’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>recredere</span>, to
surrender oneself, as being defeated (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recreance,</span></span> <span class='it'>Letters of Recreance</span>, Letter from the Earl of Sunderland to
Robert Harley, Dec. 31, 1705, see N. and Q. 11 S. vii. 505. F. ‘<span class='it'>Lettres de
récréance</span>, qui se dit, soit des lettres qu’un Prince envoie à son Ambassadeur,
pour les présenter au Prince d’auprès duquel il le rappelle;
soit des lettres que ce Prince donne à un Ambassadeur, afin qu’il les rende
à son retour au Prince qui le rappelle’, Dict. de l’Acad., 1762; ‘<span class='it'>Recreance</span>,
a restoral, restitution; also, a delivery of possession’ (Cotgr.). Cp. O. Prov.
<span class='it'>recrezensa</span>, ‘désistement’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='recule'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recule,</span></span> to retire, go back. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; ‘I recule,
I go back, <span class='it'>je recule</span>’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 47; Gascoigne, Fruites
of Warre, st. 108; <span class='it'>recoyle</span>, to retreat. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; <span class='it'>recuile</span>, id.,
vi. 1. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Recoil).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recullisance,</span></span> a corrupt form of <span class='it'>recognisance</span>. Middleton, Mich. Term,
iii. 4 (Shortyard). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cullisen'>cullisen</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recure,</span></span> to restore to health and vigour. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 44; 9. 2;
10. 24; as sb., recovery, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 436; xviii. 60; Sackville,
Induction, st. 49. Hence, <span class='it'>recureless</span>, without recovery, not to be recovered
from, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 446; irrecoverable; Greene, James IV,
ii. 2 (987; Nano).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recuyell,</span></span> a collection; ‘The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ (the
title of Caxton’s book); spelt <span class='it'>recule</span>, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1187. Also,
a reception, welcome, ‘The grete recuel that I have doon’, Caxton, Eneydos,
xviii. 66. F. ‘<span class='it'>recueil</span>, a collection, also, a reception, welcome’ (Cotgr.);
‘<span class='it'>recueil</span>, accueil’ (Estienne).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>red.</span></span> <span class='it'>Red lattice</span>, a lattice-window painted red, to distinguish an ale-house.
2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 86; cp. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 28.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rede'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rede, read,</span></span> to advise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; id., Mother Hub. 114;
to discern, estimate, to take for something, Spenser, Ruins of Time, 633;
id., F. Q. ii. 12. 70; vi. 2. 30. As sb. <span class='it'>rede</span>, counsel, advice. Hamlet, i. 3.
51. ME. <span class='it'>rede</span>, to advise; <span class='it'>reed</span>, <span class='it'>rede</span>, advice (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>rǣdan</span>; <span class='it'>rǣd</span>
(Sweet). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rad'>rad</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>redintegrate,</span></span> restored to a perfect state. Bacon, Henry VII (ed.
Lumby, p. 42). L. <span class='it'>redintegratus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Red-shanks,</span></span> a name applied to the Gaelic inhabitants of the Scottish
Highlands and of Ireland, in allusion to the colour of the bare legs reddened
by exposure; ‘Scottes and Reddshankes’, Spenser, State Ireland
(Globe ed., 658, col. 2). [‘The red-shanks of Ireland’, Smollett, Humph.
Clinker (Davies).]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>redub, redoub,</span></span> to repair, amend, requite. Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i, c. 7, § 2; ‘O gods, redub them vengeaunce just’, Phaer, tr. of Virgil,
bk. vi; Udall, tr. of Apoph., p. xvi, line 27; Socrates, § 47. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>redubber</span>, F. ‘<span class='it'>radouber</span>, to peece, mend’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reduce,</span></span> to bring back, recover. Shirley, Hyde Park, v. 1 (Mis. Carol);
Court Secret, i. 1 (Manuel); Sackville, Induction, st. 9; Hen. V, v. 2. 63;
Rich. III, v. 3. 36. L. <span class='it'>reducere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reek,</span></span> a rick, stack. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Dryden,
Meleager (from Ovid), l. 35. ‘Reek’ is the prov. pronunc. of rick in
many parts of England, as well as in Ireland (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>hrēac</span>, a hayrick.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reeke,</span></span> seaweed. Golding, Metam. xiv. 38 (L. <span class='it'>algae</span>). ME. <span class='it'>wreke</span>, of
the sea, ‘alga’ (Prompt.). Icel. <span class='it'>reki</span> (<span class='it'>vreki</span>), seaweed drifted ashore.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reere,</span></span> a loud noise, a shout. Golding, Metam. xiii. 876; fol. 165, l. 1
(1603); ‘Such a reare of thunder fell’, Hudson, Du Bartas, Judith, ii
(NED. s.v. Rear). ME. <span class='it'>rere</span>, noise (R. Brunne, Chron. Wace, 10207). See
NED. (s.v. Reere).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reez’d,</span></span> rancid, as bacon. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 112.
ME. <span class='it'>reest</span>, as flesche, ‘rancidus’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Reesed).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>refel, refell,</span></span> to refute. Meas. for M. v. 1. 94; Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2
(Alex.). L. <span class='it'>refellere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reflect,</span></span> to turn back. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ix. 190. L. <span class='it'>reflectere</span>
(Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>refocillation,</span></span> a restorative. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Pen. B.).
L. <span class='it'>refocillare</span>, to warm into life again; often used in the Vulgate for the
reviving of the spirit: ‘Reversus est spiritus ejus, et refocillatus est’,
1 Reg. xxx. 12 (1 Sam. xxx. 12).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reformado,</span></span> a disbanded soldier; an officer left without a command
(owing to the ‘reforming’ or disbanding of his company), but retaining
his rank and receiving full or half pay; ‘A reformado saint’, Butler,
Hud. ii. 2. 116; ‘The reformado soldier’, id., ii. 2. 648; B. Jonson,
Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. Span. <span class='it'>reformado</span>, an officer on half-pay; from
<span class='it'>reformar</span>, to reduce in number; hence of troops, to discharge, disband (cp.
Calderon, El Alcalde de Zalamea, ii. 33). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>refuse me,</span></span> may God reject me; once a very fashionable oath; ‘These
wicked elder brothers, that swear refuse them’, Rowley, a Match at Midnight,
i. 1 (Tim); ‘God refuse me’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, p. 7, col. 2
(Flamineo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regals,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span>, a small portable organ with one or two sets of reed-pipes
played with one hand, while the other worked a small bellows. Puttenham,
Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Bacon, Sylva, § 172. Norm. F. <span class='it'>regales</span>,
‘espèce de petit orgue portatif’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regalo,</span></span> a dainty, a choice bit; ‘Servants laden with regalos and
delicate choice Dainties’, Mabbe, tr. Life of Guzman, i. 1. 2; ‘Their
markets are well furnish’d with all Provisions; witness their <span class='it'>Salsicce</span> only,
which are a <span class='it'>Regalo</span> for a Prince’, R. Lassels, Voy. Italy (ed. 1698, p. 101);
spelt (wrongly) <span class='it'>regalio</span>, Dryden, Wild Gallant, Epil., 12. Span. ‘<span class='it'>regálo</span>,
a dainty; also, loving and kind entertainment; <span class='it'>regalar</span>, to make much of,
to treat daintily’ (Stevens). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regiment,</span></span> rule, sway, dominion. Ant. and Cl. iii. 6. 95; Marlowe,
1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7. 19. ME. <span class='it'>regiment</span> (Gower, C. A. vii. 915, 1245, 1702).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>regiment</span> (Gower, Mirour, 2615).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regorge,</span></span> to swallow back again. Dryden, Sigismonda, 186.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regrater, regrator,</span></span> a retailer, retail dealer. <span class='it'>Regrators</span>, pl., North,
tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 15 (in Shak. Plut., p. 261); <span class='it'>regrators</span> of bread-corn,
Tatler, no. 118, § 10 (1709-10). ME. <span class='it'>regratere</span> (P. Plowman, C. iv.
82; see Notes, p. 61); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>regratier</span> and <span class='it'>regratour</span> (Rough List).
Med. L. <span class='it'>regratarius</span> and <span class='it'>regratator</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reguerdon,</span></span> requital, reward. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 170; to reward,
1 Hen. VI, iii. 4. 23. ME. <span class='it'>reguerdoun</span> (Gower, C. A. v. 2368, as vb., iii.
2716). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>reguerdon</span>, reward, <span class='it'>reguerdoner</span>, to reward (Gower, Balades,
xii. 2; xxiii. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relate,</span></span> to bring back again. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 51.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relent,</span></span> to slacken; ‘He would relent his pace’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11.
27; iii. 4. 49; iii. 7. 2; slackening, v. 7. 24; vi. 5. 20. F. ‘<span class='it'>ralentir</span>, to
slacken’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relent,</span></span> to melt, to dissolve into water; ‘Se howe this snowe begynneth
to relent agaynst the sonne’, Palsgrave; to become soft, Tusser, Husbandry,
63; to cause to melt, ‘Phebus dothe the snowe relente’, Hawes,
Conv. Swearers, xl; hence, <span class='it'>relentment</span>, dissolution, Sir T. Browne, Urn
Burial, i. § 7. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>se relenter</span>, to dissolve, melt (Gower, Mirour, 6603).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relide;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#rely'>rely</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relief, releef,</span></span> a term in hunting, when the dogs follow a new and
unknown prey; ‘You must sound the releefe .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. your reliefe is your
sweetest note .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. when your hounds hunt after a game unknowne’, Return
from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). See Nares, and NED. (s.v. Relief,
sb.<sup>2</sup> 7c).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reliv’d,</span></span> recalled to life, reanimated. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 52; iii. 8. 3;
<span class='it'>relyv’d</span>, id., iii. 4. 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reluce, reluse,</span></span> to shine brightly. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 185. 12;
<span class='it'>reluysing</span>, brightness, id., leaf 225, back, 9. F. ‘<span class='it'>reluire</span>, to shine .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. <span class='it'>reluisant</span>,
shining, radiant’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rely'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rely,</span></span> to assemble, gather (soldiers) together, to rally; ‘He gathered
his troopes, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. he relieth the rankes’, Heywood, tr. Sal. Jug. War, 50
(NED.); ‘He caused them to stay and relie themselves’, Holinshed, Scot.
Chron. (NED.); to join oneself, ‘And Blandamour to Claribell relide’,
Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 26. ME. <span class='it'>rely</span>, to assemble, rally soldiers (Barbour,
Bruce, iii. 34). F. <span class='it'>relier</span>, to bind; L. <span class='it'>religare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reme,</span></span> to tear open; ‘Which seeme (as women use) to reme my hart,
Before I come to open all my smart’, Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 25.
‘Ream’ is in prov. use in the west country; EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2), cites
from Exmoor Scolding, 1746, ‘Chell ream my Heart to tha’ (i.e. I’ll open
my heart to thee). ME. <span class='it'>ryme</span>, to stretch (Wars Alex. 4931); OE. <span class='it'>rȳman</span>, to
make clear space, enlarge; <span class='it'>rūm</span>, space.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reme;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#reame'>reame</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remember,</span></span> to remind. Temp. i. 2. 243; Richard II, i. 3. 269; <span class='it'>reflex.</span>,
to remember, ‘Now I remember me’, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 286; Great Bible,
1539, Ps. xxii. 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remembrance,</span></span> memento, love-token; ‘This was her first remembrance
from the Moor’, Othello, iii. 3. 291; iii. 4. 186; <span class='it'>to put in remembrance</span>,
to remind, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah xliii. 26; 2 Peter i. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remerce,</span></span> to ransom by paying the fine; ‘From Owen’s jayle our cosin
we remerst’, Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 11. Cp. <span class='it'>amerce</span>, to fine.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remercy,</span></span> to thank. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 16. F. <span class='it'>remercier</span>, to thank.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remonstrance,</span></span> a representation, resemblance; ‘A remonstrance of
this battle, Where flowers shall seem to fight’, Shirley, Imposture, i. 2
(Flaviano). F. ‘<span class='it'>remonstrer</span>, to shew unto, or set before the eyes’, (Cotgr.);
O. Prov. <span class='it'>remostrar</span>, ‘montrer, démontrer’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remora,</span></span> the sucking-fish, <span class='it'>Echeneis remora</span>. Spenser, Vis. of World’s
Vanity, ix. 10; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, ii. 1 (Polish). L. <span class='it'>remora</span>, delay;
the ancients believed that this fish could stay a ship’s course by cleaving
to it.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remord,</span></span> to bite in return, to feel remorse; ‘His conscience remording
agayne the destruction of so noble a prince’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. ii, c. 5, § 11; to blame, rebuke, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 983. ME. <span class='it'>remorde</span>,
to afflict with remorse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 1491). Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>remordre</span>, to bite, devour, move to repentance (Gower, Mirour, 386, 6679,
10397).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remorse,</span></span> sorrow, pity, compassion. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 6; Merch.
Ven. iv. 1. 20; Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, i. 1 (Constantius);
Milton, P. L. v. 566; regretful or remorseful remembrance of a thing,
Skelton, Knowledge, 29; <span class='it'>without remorse</span>, without intermission, Spenser,
Shep. Kal., Nov., 131; ‘Without any mitigation or remorse of voice’,
Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 98.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rendy,</span></span> a ‘rendezvous’; a place of meeting; ‘Th’ appointed rendy’,
Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. For F. <span class='it'>rendez-vous</span>, a subst. use of <span class='it'>rendez-vous</span>,
the 2nd pers. plur. imperative of <span class='it'>se rendre</span>, to present oneself (at a certain
place).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reneague,</span></span> to deny, renounce. Udall, Paraph. Luke, Pref. 12; to
make denial, King Lear, ii. 2. 84; to refuse, decline, Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, iii. 650. In common prov. use in Ireland and in England in the
west country (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renfierst,</span></span> made more fierce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 45.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renforst,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> reinforced himself, gathered his strength together.
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 14. As pp., forced again; id., ii. 10. 48.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renge,</span></span> a rank. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 13; lf. 230, back, 29;
‘Renge, <span class='it'>ranc</span>’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renge,</span></span> to range, arrange. Caxton, Hist. Troye, fol. 98. 26; ‘I renge,
or set in array, <span class='it'>je arrengie</span>’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renowme,</span></span> ‘renown’. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. vi. 4, ed. 1611; ‘A man of great
renowme, <span class='it'>Illustris vir</span>’, Baret, Alvearie; Chapman, Iliad xxii, 186; <span class='it'>renowmed</span>,
‘renowned’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah, xiv. 20; Ezek. xxiii. 23; Richard III,
i. 4. 49 (Qq.); ‘<span class='it'>Renommé</span>, renowmed, famous, of much note’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rense,</span></span> to ‘rinse’. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224. This is the
pronunc. of ‘<span class='it'>rinse</span>’ in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Rench).
See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rent,</span></span> to rend, tear. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 215; Macb. iv. 3. 168; ‘<span class='it'>I
rent</span>, I teare a thyng asonder’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renverst,</span></span> turned upside down. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; v. 3. 37.
F. <span class='it'>renverser</span>, to reverse.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reny,</span></span> to deny, refuse. <span class='it'>Renide</span> (for <span class='it'>renied</span>), Mirror for Mag., Guidericus,
st. 22. See NED. (s.v. Renay, vb. 3). F. <span class='it'>renier</span>, to deny.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>repeat,</span></span> to seek again. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 257; Tyrannic
Love, iii (Berenice); Waller, Summer Islands, iii. 64. L. <span class='it'>repetere</span>, to
seek again.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>repent,</span></span> penance. Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 1 (1867); scene 14. 15 (W.);
p. 176, col. 1 (D.). Also, repentance, Greene, The Palmer’s Ode, 34
(ed. Dyce, p. 295).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reprie, reprive,</span></span> to send back to prison, to remand; ‘They repryede
me to prison’, Heywood, Spider and Fly, lxxviii. 158; to reprieve, to
respite or rescue a person from impending punishment; esp. to delay the
execution of a condemned person, ‘I humbly crave your Majestie to .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
my sonne reprive’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 31. First used in pp., <span class='it'>repryed</span>,
cp. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>repris</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>reprendre</span>, to take back.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>repriefe,</span></span> reproof. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; iii. 8. 1. ME. <span class='it'>repreve</span>, reproof
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2413). See <span class='bold'><a href='#priefe'>priefe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reprieve,</span></span> to blame, find fault with. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 21; ‘I repreve
one, <span class='it'>je reprouve</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>repreve</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>H.</span> 70); <span class='it'>reprevyn</span>,
‘reprehendo’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reprise, reprize,</span></span> reprisal, the act of taking something by way of
retaliation, Dryden, Hind and P. iii. 862. As vb., to take again, Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 11. 44. F. <span class='it'>reprise</span>, a getting something back again.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>requile,</span></span> to ‘recoil’. Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 671.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>require,</span></span> to seek after. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 236; to ask, to
ask as a favour, Ant. and Cl. iii. 12. 12; Watson, Poems (ed. Arber, 159);
The Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxxviii. 16; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Sam. xii. 20. L. <span class='it'>requirere</span>.
See Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rescous,</span></span> rescue, assistance, aid. Hall, Chron. Hen. IV, 23 (NED.);
Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 31; Spelt <span class='it'>rescousse</span>, Caxton, Jason, 39 b (NED.).
ME. <span class='it'>rescous</span>, rescue, help (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2643); OF. <span class='it'>rescousse</span>, ‘l’action
de délivrer un prisonnier que l’ennemi emmène’) (Didot). See Dict.
M. and S.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rescussing,</span></span> a rescuing. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, xxiii. 32 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resent,</span></span> to give off a scent, exhale an odour. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 221.
See NED. (s.v. Resent, vb. 10).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resiance,</span></span> a residence. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 119, 188);
Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 455, l. 7. See below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resiant;</span></span> ‘resident’, lodged, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 28; ‘Here <span class='it'>resiant</span> in
Rome’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 3 (Lentulus); <span class='it'>resyants</span>, pl., Oxford Records,
Dec., 1534 (ed. Turner, 123). Norm. F. <span class='it'>reseant</span>, ‘habitant’ (Moisy), L.
<span class='it'>residentem</span>, pres. pt. of <span class='it'>residere</span>, to sit down, to reside.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>residence,</span></span> that which settles as a deposit, a residuum. B. Jonson,
Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Rut).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resipiscency,</span></span> a return to a better mind, repentance. Sir T. Browne,
Letter to a Friend, § 41. L. <span class='it'>resipiscentia</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resolute,</span></span> decided, positive, final; ‘I expect now your resolute answer’,
Massinger, Picture, iv. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resolution,</span></span> certainty, positive knowledge. King Lear, i. 2. 108; a
fixed determination, Ford, Broken Heart, i. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resolve,</span></span> to dissolve, melt; ‘O! that this too too solid flesh would
melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’, Hamlet, i. 2. 130; to free from
uncertainty, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 193; iv. 2. 226; to satisfy, Beaumont and
Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 1 (Antinous).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>respasses,</span></span> raspberries. Herrick, To the most fair Mistris A. Soame, 20.
For <span class='it'>resp-es-es</span>, <span class='it'>rasp-es-es</span>, a double plural. ‘Rasp’ is in prov. use in various
parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>respective,</span></span> careful; ‘You should have been respective’, Merch. Ven.
v. 1. 156; worthy of respect, Two Gent. iv. 4. 200; <span class='it'>respectively</span>, respectfully,
with due respect, Timon, iii. 1. 8; Middleton, Five Gallants, ii. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resplendish,</span></span> to shine. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2, § 3.
OF. <span class='it'>resplendir</span>. See Croft’s note.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest,</span></span> a musket-rest; ‘His rest? why, has he a forked head?’, B. Jonson,
Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Puntarvolo); because the musket-rest
was semicircular; ‘Like a musket on a rest’, Middleton, Roaring Girl,
iv. 2 (Mis. O.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rest2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest,</span></span> ‘in primero, the stakes kept in reserve, which were agreed upon
at the beginning of the game, and upon the loss of which the game
terminated; the venture of such stakes’ (NED.); ‘The money he had
duly won upon a rest’, Cotton, Espernon, i. 4. 156; <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘When I cannot
live any longer, I will do as I may: That is my rest’, Hen. V, ii. 1. 17
(Corporal Nym means, this is what I stand to win or lose). Phr. <span class='it'>to set up
one’s rest</span>, ‘to venture one’s final stake or reserve’ (NED.); hence, <span class='it'>fig.</span>, to
take a decisive resolution, to be determined, ‘I have set up my rest to run
away’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 110; ‘He that sets up his rest to do more
exploits’, Com. Errors, iv. 3. 27; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Alvarez);
to place one’s fixed aim in something, ‘He seems to set up his rest in this
plenty, and the neatness of his house’, Pepys, Diary, Jan. 19, 1663. See
Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest,</span></span> to ‘arrest’. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 11. 4 (Brainworm);
‘I reste as a sergente dothe a prisoner or his goodes, <span class='it'>je arreste</span>’,
Palsgrave. In common Scottish use, see EDD. (s.v. Rest, vb.<sup>2</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest,</span></span> a ‘wrest’, a pin for winding up the strings of a harp, &amp;c. Skelton,
Magnyfycence, 137; <span class='it'>wrest</span>, to wind up, id., Colyn Cloute, 492.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest-balk,</span></span> a ridge of land left unploughed between two furrows.
Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resty,</span></span> inert, loath to move, sluggish, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 263; Cymbeline,
iii. 6. 34; <span class='it'>resty stiff</span>, Edward III, iii. 3. 161. The same word as ‘restive’
(‘restiff’). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>restif</span> (Ch. Rol., 1256). See Trench, Select Glossary;
and Dict. (s.v. Restive).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='retchless'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retchless,</span></span> reckless, careless. Drayton, Pol. vi. 270; Sackville, Induction,
st. 46. See <span class='bold'><a href='#recheles'>recheles</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retire,</span></span> a retreat in war. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 54; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 21;
withdrawal from the world, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retrait, retrate,</span></span> picture, portrait; look, expression. Spenser, F. Q.
ii. 9. 4; ii. 3. 25. Cp. Span. and Port. <span class='it'>retrato</span>, a portrait, Ital. <span class='it'>ritratto</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retray,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex</span>, to draw back; ‘He retrayed him’, Morte Arthur, leaf 115,
back, 29; bk. vii, c. 12. F. <span class='it'>retraire</span>, ‘to withdraw, draw back’ (Cotgr.);
L. <span class='it'>retrahere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retrieve:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to bring to the retrieve</span>, to make the hawk return to the
lure. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>revault;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#revolt'>revolt</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reverb,</span></span> to resound, re-echo. King Lear, i. 1. 156. Cp. L. <span class='it'>reverberare</span>,
to reverberate.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reverberate,</span></span> to burn in a furnace in which the heat was continually
driven back upon the substance operated upon. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1
(Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reverence:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>save reverence</span>, used apologetically in introducing some
remark that might offend the hearer. Romeo, i. 4. 42; ‘Be it spoken with
save the reverence of all women’, Harington, Metam. Ajax (NED.). Also,
<span class='it'>saving reverence</span>, ‘Who, saving your reverence, is the divell himselfe’,
Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 27. See Nares (s.v. Save-reverence).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>revoke,</span></span> to recall, give up. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 517).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='revolt'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>revolt,</span></span> to turn back. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25; spelt <span class='it'>revault</span>, to
withdraw (words), Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iii. 4 (Philip);
<span class='it'>revolt</span>, pp. withdrawn, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 1; as sb. a rebel, deserter,
King John, v. 2. 151. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rew'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rew,</span></span> a row. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17, 35; Fairfax, Tasso, xvii. 75. The
pronunc. of ‘row’ in the south and south-west of England (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>rewe</span> (Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>rǣw</span> (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rex'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rex:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to play rex</span>, to play pranks; understood in the sense of, to
play the lord, to domineer (as if from L. <span class='it'>rex</span>, king; due to a popular
etymology); ‘To play such <span class='it'>Rex</span>’, (i.e. such pranks); Spenser, State of
Ireland (Globe ed., p. 659, col. 2); ‘With those did Hercules play <span class='it'>rex</span>’
(i.e. played the master), Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 47. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#reaks'>reaks</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rheumatic,</span></span> suffering from catarrh or rheum, characterized by rheum.
Venus and Adonis, 135; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 105; also, Fletcher, Nice
Valour, ii. 1 (Lady).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rhino,</span></span> money (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rhinocerical,</span></span> resembling a rhinoceros; huge, large; as a slang term,
of large means, wealthy, rich, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell).
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>riband.</span></span> A riband was sometimes worn in the ear, as a favour; ‘He
that bought the halfpenny riband, wearing it in his ear, swearing it was
the Duchess of Milan’s favour’, Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Meletza).
<span class='it'>Ribanded ears</span>, id., Scourge of Villainy, 167.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ribaudrie,</span></span> ribaldry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 76; hence, <span class='it'>ribaudred</span>,
profligate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 10. 10. ME. <span class='it'>ribaudrie</span> (P. Plowman, C. i. 45).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>ribaudrie</span> (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ribibe,</span></span> an opprobrious term for an old woman, ‘vetula’, prop. a kind
of fiddle, ‘vitula’. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Pug); <span class='it'>rybybe</span>, Skelton,
El. Rummyng, 492. It is probable that both Skelton and Jonson took
this use of the word from Chaucer (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1377).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ribskin,</span></span> a leathern apron worn during the process of <span class='it'>ribbing</span> or scraping
flax. Spelt <span class='it'>rybskyn</span>, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 299.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rid,</span></span> to remove with violence, ‘I shall sone ryd his soule out of his
body’, Ld. Berners, Huen, xlix. 165; to destroy, Tempest, i. 2. 365; to
clear off work, dispatch, ‘Slaves did rid those Manufactures’, Bacon,
Essay 29 (ed. Arber, 483); <span class='it'>to rid way</span>, to get over the ground, move ahead,
‘Willingness rids way’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 3. 21. ‘Rid’ is in prov. use in
various parts of England for clearing land, grubbing up underwood, &amp;c.,
see EDD. (s.v. Rid, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). Of Scand. origin, cp. Icel. <span class='it'>ryðja</span>, to clear land,
Dan. <span class='it'>rydde</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rid,</span></span> to set free, deliver, save. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xxxvii. 22; Ex. vi. 6; Ps. lxxi
(Pr. Bk.); 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 234; to acquit, ‘A judge riddeth a persone’,
Udall, Apoph., 236. OE. <span class='it'>hreddan</span>, to deliver, cp. Dan. <span class='it'>redde</span>, G. <span class='it'>retten</span>.
See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rid,</span></span> to advise; ‘I rid thee, away’ (i.e. I advise thee to depart), Greene,
James IV, Induction (Bohan). A Scottish form, see NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.<sup>1</sup>).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#rede'>rede</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ridduck,</span></span> a gold coin; ‘Run for a ridduck’ (i.e. to gain a reward),
Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 134. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ruddock2'>ruddock</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ride,</span></span> to be drawn through the streets in a cart, subject to popular
derision; a form of punishment. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rider,</span></span> a gold coin, orig. Dutch, having a horseman on the obverse,
worth about 27<span class='it'>s.</span> Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). Du. <span class='it'>een goude</span>
<span class='it'>ryder</span>, ‘a golden coin having on one side the stamp of a man on horseback’
(Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ridgel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ridgel,</span></span> a half-castrated animal, a male animal with imperfectly
developed organs. In common prov. use. Only found as a literary word
in Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 6 (Penurio), where it appears as a term
of abuse, ‘Yonder old Rigell, the Captaine’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ridstall-man,</span></span> a man whose business is to clear out or clean cattle-stalls.
Greene, James IV, first stage-direction.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rifely,</span></span> abundantly. Hall, Sat. iv. 3. 74; frequently, Stanyhurst, tr.
of Aeneid, i. 101. ‘Rife’ in the sense of ‘abundant’, also of ‘frequent’ is
still in use in Scotland, and in many parts of England. Cp. Du. ‘<span class='it'>rijf</span>, rife,
or abundant; <span class='it'>rijfelick</span>, rifely, or abundantly’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>riffle,</span></span> to ‘rifle’, plunder. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 681. See
Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rifle,</span></span> to play at dice, to gamble or raffle for a stake. B. Jonson,
Alchem. i. 1; Dryden, Amboyna, v. 1. Hence <span class='it'>rifling</span>, Northward Ho, v. 1
(Bellamont); Minsheu. Still in use in west Yorkshire (Dr. Joseph Wright).
Du. ‘<span class='it'>rijffelen</span>, to riffle, or who shall cast most upon the Dice’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rig,</span></span> to search into, ransack; ‘And in the bowels of the earth unsaciably
to rig’, Golding, Metam. i. 138; ‘To .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. rig every corner’, Gosson,
Schoole of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 54).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rigell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ridgel'>ridgel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rin,</span></span> to run. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); ‘They
ryde and rinne’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 196. A north-country form
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>ryn</span>, to run (Wars Alex. 1352); <span class='it'>rynnand</span>, running (Barbour’s
Bruce, iii. 684).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rine,</span></span> ‘rind’, the outside peel or bark; ‘Bark and rine’, Middleton,
Family of Love, iii. 3. 11; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 111. So in Dorset
(Barnes’ Poems), see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ring:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>cracked within the ring</span>; See <span class='bold'><a href='#crack3'>crack</a></span> (3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ring2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ring.</span></span> <span class='it'>Running at the ring</span>, a sport in which a tilter, riding at full
speed, endeavoured to thrust the point of his lance through, and to bear
away, a suspended ring. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Ferdinand). Also
<span class='it'>riding at the ring</span>, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ringled,</span></span> provided with rings, ringed. Marlowe, Hero and Leander,
ii. 143.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ringman,</span></span> the ring finger, fourth finger. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed.
Arber, p. 109). Still in use in Cumberland, see EDD. ME. <span class='it'>ryngeman
fyngur</span>, ‘anularis’ (Cath. Angl.). In B. Jonson’s Alchemist, i. 1 (p. 243),
Subtle says, ‘In chiromancy we give the fore-finger to Jove. The ring
(i.e. the ring-finger) to Sol.’ See Halliwell (s.v. Ring-finger).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ringo-root,</span></span> an eater of eringo-root; a term of contempt. Marston,
Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 112.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ringtail,</span></span> the female of the hen-harrier. Used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Beaumont and
Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rippier, ripper,</span></span> an itinerant seller of fish; ‘Like a rippier’s legs
rolled up In boots of hay-ropes’, Chapman, Bussy d’Ambois, iii (Bussy);
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). Still in use in E. Anglia, Kent,
and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Ripp). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rish,</span></span> a rush. Spelt <span class='it'>rishe</span>, Ascham, Scholemaster, pt. i (ed. Arber, p. 54);
pl. <span class='it'>rishes</span>, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xix, c. 2; vol. ii, p. 7<span style='font-size:smaller'>A</span>. ‘Rish’
is in common use in Ireland and in many parts of England—in Yorks.,
Cheshire, also in Kent and the south-west, see EDD. (s.v. Rush,
sb.<sup>1</sup> (10)). OE. <span class='it'>risc</span> (see Oldest English Texts, p. 503).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>risp,</span></span> a twig; esp. a limed twig for catching birds. Golding, Metam.
xv. 473; fol. 185, bk. (1603); ‘<span class='it'>Boschetto</span>, a grove .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. a rispe, a lushe or
lime-twigge to catch birds’, Florio (1598). See NED. and EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>risse,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> and <span class='it'>pp.</span> of the vb. to rise. As pt. t. pl. (OE. <span class='it'>rison</span>), B. Jonson,
Catiline, iv. 2 (Cicero). As pp. (OE. <span class='it'>risen</span>), id., iii. 2 (Cicero). The use of
<span class='it'>risse</span> for the pt. s. occurs in Shirley, Duke’s Mistress, v. 4 (Horatio), and
occasionally elsewhere. ‘Riss’ (‘ris’) is found as a prov. form for the
pt. t. and pp. of ‘rise’ in Yorks., Linc., and Northants, see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ritter,</span></span> a horse-soldier. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii. 1 (Savoy).
G. <span class='it'>Ritter</span>, a knight, lit. a ‘rider’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rittlerattle,</span></span> a child’s rattle. Golding, Metam. ix. 692; fol. 118 (1603);
Latin text, <span class='it'>Sistraque</span>. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rivage,</span></span> shore, bank. Hen. V, iii, chorus; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 20.
F. <span class='it'>rivage</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rive,</span></span> to fire a cannon, so as almost to burst it. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 29; to
be split, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 35. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rive</span></span> [riv], for <span class='it'>riven</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>rive</span>, to tear. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 5 (riming
with ‘give’). ‘Riv’, pp., is in prov. use in Linc. and E. Anglia (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rivelled,</span></span> wrinkled; spelt <span class='it'>ryvilde</span>, More, Chron. Richard III (ed. 1883, 54),
‘Rivelled fruits’, Dryden, All for Love, Prol. 40; pleated, gathered in
small folds, ‘Capes pleated and ryveled’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed.
Furnivall, 74); twisted, Marlowe and Nashe, Dido, iii. 1 (Dido). In prov.
use in Shropshire, Heref., and Dorset (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>riveled</span>, wrinkled
(Gower, C. A. viii. 2829). OE. <span class='it'>rifelede</span>, ‘rugosus’ (Napier’s Glosses, 187. 78).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rivo!,</span></span> an exclamation used at drinking-bouts. ‘<span class='it'>Rivo</span>, sayes the drunkard’,
1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 124; Massinger. Renegado, ii. 6 (Gazet). In Portuguese
ships they use the cry <span class='it'>Arriba! Arriba!</span>, ‘Up! Up!’, for summoning sailors
to their work. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>road,</span></span> a ‘raid’, inroad, incursion. Hen. V, i. 2. 138; Beaumont and Fl.,
Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (1 Ambassador).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roarer;</span></span> the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#roaring2'>roaring boy</a>,</span> q. v. Massinger, Renegado, i. 3
(Gazet); A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Brewen); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
xii. 102.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roaring,</span></span> the language of ‘roarers’, or bullies. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy,
iii. 1 (Cuculus); their behaviour, Heywood, The Fair Maid, i. 3 (Spencer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='roaring2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roaring boys,</span></span> a cant term for the insolent bloods and vapourers
whose delight was to annoy well-behaved citizens. Webster, Duch. of
Malfi, ii. 1 (Castruccio). There was but one <span class='it'>roaring girl</span>, viz. Mary Frith,
or Moll Cutpurse, the heroine of Middleton’s play entitled The Roaring
Girl.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Roaring-Meg.</span></span> ‘In this (Edinburgh) Castle is one of the largest
Canons in Great Britain, called Roaring-Megg’, Brome, Trav. (ed. 1707,
p. 195); Churchyard, Siege of Ed. Castle (NED.). Hence, a huge cannon,
Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roat;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#rote2'>rote</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rochet,</span></span> a fish; the red gurnard. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Corvino);
Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rochet2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rochet,</span></span> the blunt iron head of a tilting weapon. Caxton, Hist. Troye,
lf. 124, back, 17. F. ‘<span class='it'>rochet</span>, the blunt iron head of a tilting-staff’ (Cotgr.).
OF. <span class='it'>rochet</span>, ‘fer de la lance’ (Didot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rock,</span></span> a distaff. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (l. 5 from end); Chapman,
tr. of Odyssey, vi. 77. Still in use in the north country, Midlands,
and E. Anglia (EDD.). Icel. <span class='it'>rokkr</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rocket,</span></span> a ‘rochet’, an outer garment, a kind of cloak or mantle.
Skelton, El. Rummyng, 54; a vestment of linen, usually worn by bishops
and abbots, chiefly Scottish (NED). [‘With mitre sheen and rocquet
white’, Sir W. Scott, Marmion, vi. 11.] O. Prov. <span class='it'>roquet</span>, ‘rochet, surplis’
(Levy); Norm. F. <span class='it'>roquet</span>, manteau court (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rocket,</span></span> a blunt-headed lance. Ld. Berners, Froissart, II. clxii. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rochet2'>rochet</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rockray'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rockray,</span></span> a line or reef of rocks. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 20
from end. <span class='it'>Ray</span> = F. <span class='it'>raie</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>riga</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Roger,</span></span> a goose (Cant). Harman, Caveat, p. 83; Fletcher, Beggar’s
Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). In both passages, <span class='it'>Tib of the buttery</span> is given as another
cant name for the goose. See Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roile, royle,</span></span> an inferior or spiritless horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 76;
‘That horse which tyreth like a roile’, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene
(ed. Arber, 117); ‘A timorouse royle’, Sir T. Elyot, bk. i, ch. 17
(ed. Croft, i. 178); a draught-horse of Flemish breed, ‘The Flemish roile’,
Harrison, Desc. England, iii. 1 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roile,</span></span> to wander, to roam about. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 (Tibet);
Golding, tr. Metam. iii. 55; ‘To royle abroad, <span class='it'>divagari</span>’, Levins, Manip.;
Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 141). ME. <span class='it'>roile</span>, to roam about (Chaucer,
C.T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 653, Lansd. MS.); <span class='it'>roylyn</span> or gone ydyl abowte, ‘vagor, discurro’
(Prompt. 436). See Notes to Piers Plowman, B. x. 297, p. 94.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roister, royster,</span></span> a bully, a noisy reveller; ‘Dissolute swordmen
and suburb roysters’, Milton, Eikonoklastes, iv; ‘<span class='it'>Rustre</span>, a royster,
swaggerer’, Cotgrave. Still in use in Scotland and Yorks. (EDD.). See
Dict. (s.v. Roistering).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roisting,</span></span> the conduct of roisterers, blustering. Disobedient Child,
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 300; boisterous, uproarious, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2.
208.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roke,</span></span> to search, rummage; ‘Roking in the ashes’, Gammer Gurton’s
Needle, i. 4 (Gammer). See EDD. (s.v. Rauk, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rom'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rom,</span></span> good, phr. <span class='it'>rom bouse</span>, good wine (Cant). Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Song). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Rom-vile'>Rom-vile</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>romage,</span></span> bustle, commotion. Hamlet, i. 1. 107. Still in use in Scotland,
see EDD. (s.v. Rummage, 6).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rombelow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rombelow</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> a cry used by sailors when rowing; ‘Heve and how
rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252;
‘Some songe heve and howe rombelowe’, Cocke Lorell’s Bote. ME. <span class='it'>rumbeloo</span>
(Coer de Lion, 2522). See NED. (s.v. Rumbelow).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>romekin,</span></span> some kind of drinking-vessel; ‘Large Saxon Romekins’,
Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>roemer</span>, a wine-glass (Sewel).
See NED. (s.v. Rumkin<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Rom-vile'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Rom-vile,</span></span> a cant term for London. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Song). <span class='it'>Rom</span>, i.e. good, refers to <span class='it'>Rommany</span>, gipsy; <span class='it'>vile</span> = F. <span class='it'>ville</span>, town.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#rom'>rom</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rondure, roundure,</span></span> a circle, circular or rounded form. Dekker,
O. Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune); King John, ii. 259; Shak. Sonnets, xxi. 8.
F. <span class='it'>rondeur</span>, roundness (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ront,</span></span> a runt, an ox or cow of a small size. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 5.
Du. <span class='it'>rund</span>, ‘a runt, a bullock or an oxe’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ronyon;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#runnion'>runnion</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roodes.</span></span> In Mirror for Mag., Harold, st. 23, apparently used in the
sense of ‘crosses’, vexations.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rook'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rook,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex</span>, to crouch, squat; ‘The raven rook’d her on the chimney’s
top’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 47. Still in use in various parts of England; see EDD.
(s.v. Rook, vb.<sup>3</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>rouken</span> (Chaucer). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rucke'>rucke</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>room,</span></span> widely. <span class='it'>Roomer</span>, more widely, farther away, Sir J. Harington on
Bishops (Nares). OE. <span class='it'>rūme</span>, widely. See NED. (s.v. Room, adv.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roome mort, rome mort,</span></span> a great lady, lady of high rank (Cant).
B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘<span class='it'>Rome mort</span>, the quene’,
Harman, Caveat, p. 84. <span class='it'>Rome</span>, excellent (in Rommany); See <span class='bold'><a href='#mort2'>mort</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rope:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to run upon the ropes</span>, to act the part of a rope-dancer, Puritan
Widow, iv. 3. 41.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roperipe,</span></span> ripe for the rope, fit for being hanged. Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 92. 3; Chapman, May Day, iii; Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique; Minsheu;
see Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ropery,</span></span> knavery. Romeo, ii. 4. 154; Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 1
(Landlady); cp. <span class='it'>roper</span>, ‘one who deserves the rope’ (NED.); rope-tricks,
knave’s tricks, Taming Shrew, i. 2. 112.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rosa solis,</span></span> i.e. ‘Rose of the Sun’, an alcoholic cordial variously flavoured
with spices; ‘Run for some <span class='it'>Rosa-solis</span>’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady,
iv. 1 (Martha); T. Cogan, Haven of Health, 226; Middleton, Blurt, iii.
3; name of a herb, ‘The herb called <span class='it'>Rosa-Solis</span>, whereof they make Strong
Waters’, Bacon, Nat. Hist., Cent. v, § 495. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rosaker,</span></span> alteration of <span class='it'>rosalger</span>, realgar, disulphide of arsenic; ‘A
tabacco-pipe .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. little better than ratsbane or rosaker’, B. Jonson, Every
Man in Hum. iii. 5 (Cob). Port. <span class='it'>rosalgár</span>, ‘réalgar, sulfure d’arsenic’
(Roquette); Span. <span class='it'>rejalgar</span>; ‘le terme signifie propremont <span class='it'>poudre de caverne</span>, et
je suppose qu’on a donné ce nom à l’arsenic, parce qu’on le tirait des mines
d’argent’, Dozy, Glossaire des Mots dérivés de l’Arabe, p. 332.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rose.</span></span> The three-farthing pieces of Queen Elizabeth were very thin,
and had the profile of the sovereign with a rose at the back of the head;
see King John, i. 143. ‘Yes, ’tis three-pence, I smell the rose’, Dekker,
Shoemakers’ Holiday, Pt. I, iii. 4 (Firk).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rose,</span></span> a rosette; a knot of ribands, worn on the front of a shoe. Webster,
White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41; Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto);
B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 2 (Pug).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rose-noble,</span></span> a variety of the noble, stamped with a rose, of varying
value; sometimes worth 16<span class='it'>s</span>. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roset,</span></span> roseate, rosy. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 591 (L. <span class='it'>purpureum</span>); vii.
26 (L. <span class='it'>roseis</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rosiall,</span></span> rosy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (first ed. 1531).
[I suggest that the name ‘Rosiall’, occurring thrice in the poem called
the Courte of Love, was suggested by this passage; and that the Courte
of Love was later than 1581, and later than Thynne’s Chaucer, ed. 1532.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rosiere,</span></span> a rose-bush. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 19. F. <span class='it'>rosier</span> (Cotgr.); L.
<span class='it'>rosarium</span>; from <span class='it'>rosa</span>, a rose.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ros-marine,</span></span> rosemary; ‘Wholesome dew, called ros-marine’, B. Jonson,
Masque of Blackness (Æthiopia). L. <span class='it'>rosmarinum</span>, rosemary, lit. marine
dew (Pliny). F. <span class='it'>rosmarin</span>, rosemarie (Cotgr.). See Alphita, p. 155 (s.v.
Ros marinus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rost:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to rule the rost</span>, to be absolute in authority, to domineer.
Skelton, Magnyfycence, 813; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 429. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rule3'>rule the roast</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rote,</span></span> a musical instrument, a lyre. Spenser, ii. 10. 3; iv. 9. 6. ME.
<span class='it'>rote</span>, a kind of fiddle (Chaucer), OF. <span class='it'>rote</span> (Didot), O. Prov. <span class='it'>rota</span>, ‘rote,
instrument à cordes’ (Levy), also OHG. <span class='it'>rota</span> (Schade); probably of Celtic
origin, cp. O. Irish <span class='it'>crot</span>, a harp, lyre; Mod. Irish <span class='it'>cruit</span> (Dinneen), whence
ME. <span class='it'>croude</span> (Wyclif, Luke xv. 25). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rote2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rote, roat,</span></span> to repeat, as an echo does; to repeat a tune or song.
Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi (Melanthus, 8); ‘The echoes .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
each to other diligently rotes’, id., David and Goliath.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rother,</span></span> a ‘rudder’; hence, controlling power. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid,
vi. 859; Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 12. ME. <span class='it'>rother</span> (Gower, C. A. ii.
2494); OE. <span class='it'>rōðer</span>, a steering-paddle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rouke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rouke,</span></span> to squat, crouch, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>; ‘Bookes that happlye rouke in
studentes mewes’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, Ded. (ed. Arber, 7). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#rucke'>rucke</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rouncival'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rouncival, rownseval,</span></span> huge, gigantic, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid,
iii. 690 (with reference to the Cyclopean monsters); spelt <span class='it'>rounceval</span>, a
woman of large build and boisterous manners, Heywood, Golden Age, A. ii
(Jupiter); Nashe, Saffron Walden (Grosart, iii. 52). See <span class='bold'><a href='#runcival'>runcival pease</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>round,</span></span> to whisper. King John, ii. 1. 566. In prov. use in England
and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Roun). ME. <span class='it'>rownen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 241);
OE. <span class='it'>rūnian</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>round,</span></span> a dance in which the performers move in a ring; a song by
two or more persons in turn. Macbeth, iv. 1. 130; Fletcher, Faithful
Shepherdess, i. 2 (Thenot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>round:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>gentlemen of the round</span>, soldiers whose business it was to go
round and inspect the sentinels and watches. B. Jonson, Every Man in
Hum. iii. 5 (E. Knowell); ‘The round? an excellent way to train up
soldiers’, Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (near the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>round,</span></span> plain-spoken, direct. Middleton, A Mad World, i. 2 (Harebrain);
Twelfth Night, ii. 3. 104; Hamlet, iii. 1. 192.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roundly,</span></span> readily, without hesitation or preface. Taming Shrew, iii.
2. 216; iv. 4. 108; v. 2. 21; Richard II, ii. 1. 122; ‘Will come off roundly’
(i.e. will pay handsomely), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 2 (Latrocinio);
in a plain outspoken manner, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 59). Still in
prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rous,</span></span> with a bounce, bang! Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 2 (Bayes).
‘Rouse’ (pronounced with voiceless <span class='it'>s</span>), meaning ‘noisily’, ‘with a crash’,
is in prov. use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rouse,</span></span> a bumper, a full draught of liquor; ‘I have took a rouse or two
too much’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 4. 10; a drinking bout,
Hamlet, i. 2. 126; Marlowe, Faustus, iii. 4. 20. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>ruus</span>, a headache
from drinking (Aasen); Dan. <span class='it'>rus</span>, intoxication: <span class='it'>sove rusen ud</span>, to sleep
out one’s drunken fit; see Larsen; cp. Du. <span class='it'>roes</span>: ‘<span class='it'>eenen roes drinken</span>, to drink
till one is fuddled; <span class='it'>hy heeft eenen roes weg</span>, he is fuddled’ (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rout,</span></span> a number of animals going together; ‘Of fallow beasts the
company is called an <span class='it'>heard</span>, and of blacke beasts it is called a rout, or
a sounder’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100. Norm. F. <span class='it'>route</span>, ‘troupe’
(Moisy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Route).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rout,</span></span> to assemble together. Roister Doister, iv. 7. 2; Bacon, Life of
Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 66). See Dict. M. and S.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rove'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rove,</span></span> to shoot with arrows at a mark selected at pleasure or at random,
and not of any fixed distance. Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 122; Warner, Albion’s
England, ii. 9. 39; Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; ‘She rovde at me with glauncing
eye’, Shep. Kal., Aug., 79; to shoot an arrow without fixed aim, ‘Manie
bowlts were roved after him’, Harington in Nugae Ant. (NED.); <span class='it'>a rovynge
marke</span>, a mark placed at an uncertain distance, Ascham, Toxophilus, 145;
<span class='it'>rovers</span>, arrows used for this kind of shooting, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels,
Masque 2 (Cupid); <span class='it'>to shoot at rovers</span>, to shoot at random, ‘Love’s arrows
are but shot at rovers’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 941; ‘Cato talked at rovers’
(i.e. at random), Udall, tr. Apoph., Pompey, § 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rowel,</span></span> to insert a circular piece of leather, with a hole in the centre,
into a wound, to cause a discharge of humours; to insert a kind of seton;
‘He has been ten times rowelled’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iii. 2
(Young Loveless).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rowen,</span></span> the second growth of grass in a season, the aftermath, eddish;
the second crop of hay. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 25; Worlidge, Syst.
Agric.; Blount, Glossogr. (s.v. Edish); <span class='it'>rowen grass</span>, Holland, Pliny, xviii.
28; <span class='it'>rowen hay</span>, id., <span class='it'>rowen partridge</span>, a partridge frequenting a field of
‘rowen’, id., Plutarch’s Morals, 570 (NED.); also <span class='it'>rowen</span>, ‘As for the partridges
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. the old rowens full subtilly seeme to wait’, id., 219. The
word ‘rowen’ in various forms is in prov. use from Linc. and Worc. to
Kent and Hants. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>raweyne hey</span>, ‘fenum serotinum’ (Prompt.);
<span class='it'>rewayn</span> (in Bp. Hatfield’s Survey, ann. 1382, Surtees, 170). Norm.F.
*<span class='it'>rewain</span> (mod. Picard <span class='it'>rouain</span>) = F. <span class='it'>regain</span>; <span class='it'>gaïn</span> = Romanic type <span class='it'>guadīmen</span>,
<span class='it'>wadīmen</span>, of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>weida</span>, pasture (Schade). See Thomas,
Essais Phil. Fr. (s.v. Regain), p. 371.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>royal,</span></span> a gold coin of the value of ten shillings, in Shaks., not expressly
mentioned, but alluded to by way of punning, Richard II, v. 5. 67;
1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 157; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 28.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>royne,</span></span> to grumble, to murmur discontentedly; ‘Yet did he murmure
with rebellious sound and softly royne’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 33. A north-country
word (EDD.). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='royne2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>royne,</span></span> to pare away, curtail, alter. Phaer, Aeneid x, 35 (L. <span class='it'>Flectere
iussa</span>). OF. <span class='it'>roignier</span>, to cut so as to round off. See <span class='bold'><a href='#proine'>proine</a></span> (to prune).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roynish,</span></span> scurvy, poor. As You Like It, ii. 2. 8; rough, coarse, Tusser,
Husbandry, § 102. Cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>rongneux</span>, scurvie, mangy’; ‘<span class='it'>rongne</span>, the mange’
(Cotgr.); mod. F. <span class='it'>rogne</span>, <span class='it'>rogneux</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rub,</span></span> in a card-game, to take all the cards in a suit. Heywood, A
Woman killed, iii. 2 (Wendoll); with a quibbling reference to <span class='it'>rob</span>; ‘<span class='it'>Piller</span>,
to rub, or rob, at cards’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruck,</span></span> a huge fabulous bird, supposed to be bred in Madagascar. Drayton,
Noah’s Flood (footnote—the mighty Indian bird); Burton, Anat.
Mel. ii. 2. 2; Herrick, Misc. Poems, 7 (NED.). Arab. <span class='it'>rukhkh</span>. See Stanford
(s.v. Roc).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruck,</span></span> to belch forth, utter. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 488. L. <span class='it'>ructare</span>.
See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rucke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rucke,</span></span> to couch, squat; ‘On the house did rucke A cursed owle’,
Golding, Metam. xv. 400; Warner, Albion’s England, vii. 37. 121. Still
in use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Ruck, vb.<sup>5</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>rukkyn</span>
(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1851). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rook'>rook</a>, <a href='#rouke'>rouke</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruddock,</span></span> the redbreast or robin. Spenser, Epithal. 82; Cymbeline,
iv. 2. 224. In common prov. use in Scotland, and in many parts of
England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>ruddok</span> (Prompt), OE. <span class='it'>rudduc</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ruddock2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruddock,</span></span> a gold coin. Sir John Oldcastle, i. 2. 158; London Prodigal,
ii. 1. 36; Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rudesby,</span></span> an unmannerly or boorish person. Golding, Metam. v. 583;
fol. 64, back (1603).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruelle,</span></span> the space in a bedroom between the bed and the wall.
Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 2 (Sir Fopling); Farquhar, Constant Couple,
i. 1 (Wildair). ME. <span class='it'>ruel</span> (P. Plowman, C. x. 79); F. ‘<span class='it'>ruelle: la ruelle du lict</span>,
the space between the bed and the wall’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffe,</span></span> ‘the Card-game called Ruffe or Trump’, so Cotgrave (s.v. Triomphe);
Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch); the trump card, ‘the Ruff at Cards,
<span class='it'>Charta dominatrix</span>’, Coles, Eng.-Lat. Dict., 1699. Ital. <span class='it'>ronfa</span>, a card-game
(Florio), perhaps a popular corruption of <span class='it'>trionfo</span>; F. ‘<span class='it'>triomphe</span>, a Trump at
cards’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffe,</span></span> the highest pitch of some exalted or excited condition; ‘Wher
is all the ruffe of thy gloriousnes become?’, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef.
Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 49); excitement, passion, fury, Golding, Metam.
xiii. 296 (NED.); Gascoigne (ed. Arber, ii. 94).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffin,</span></span> the name of a fiend, Chester Plays, v. 166; the Devil, Fletcher,
Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); ‘I sweare by the Ruffin’, Brome, Jovial
Crew, ii (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 389).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffin,</span></span> a ruffian, a man of brutal character, Plot, Staffordshire. 291;
as adj., appropriate to a ruffian, ‘His ruffin raiment’, Spenser, F. Q. i.
4. 34.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffler,</span></span> one of a class of vagabonds prevalent in the 16th century.
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffmans,</span></span> a cant term for a hedge. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Trapdoor). See <span class='bold'><a href='#darkmans'>darkmans</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffpeck,</span></span> bacon (Cant). ‘<span class='it'>Ruff peck</span>, bacon’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83;
‘Here’s ruffpeck and casson’ (i.e. bacon and cheese), Brome, Jovial Crew,
ii. 1 (Song).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rug-gown,</span></span> a gown made of rug or coarse frieze; worn by watchmen;
hence, allusively, a watchman; ‘There a whole stand of rug-gowns routed
manly’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); also, worn by astrologers,
‘You sky-staring coxcombs .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. you are good for nothing but to .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
make rug-gowns dear’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. iii. 2 (Sordido);
Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Lampatho).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rule,</span></span> course of proceeding, line of conduct. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 132. ME.
<span class='it'>rule</span>, conduct (York Myst. xxvi. 34).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rule,</span></span> disorder, stir, riot; ‘What a rule is there! <span class='it'>Quid turbae est!</span>’,
W. Walker, Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 381; ‘Such rule and ruffle make the
rowte that cum to see our geare’, Drant, Horace, Ep. ii. 1; ‘What a reul’s
here. You make a nice reul’, Thorseby, Letter to Ray (EDD.). ‘Reul’ (or
‘Rule’) appears in EDD. as a north-country word, meaning to behave in
a rude, disorderly manner. It is identical with the prov. word ‘roil’, to
be noisy, boisterous, turbulent, see EDD. (s.v. Roil, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rule3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rule the roast,</span></span> to be absolute master; ‘I am my lady’s cook, and king
of the kitchen; where I rule the roast, command imperiously, and am
a very tyrant in my office’, Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). The
origin of the phrase is obscure; but it may easily have arisen, as here
suggested, from the sway exercised by a master-cook; the same phrase is
used of a cook by Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruless,</span></span> rule-less, unruly. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 431.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruly,</span></span> orderly, law-abiding, amenable to law. Warner, Alb. England,
bk. ix, ch. 40, st. 20.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rumbelo,</span></span> rumbling, resounding; ‘Great bouncing rumbelo thund’ring
Ratleth’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 101. See <a href='#rombelow'><span class='bold'>rombelow</span>(<span class='bold'>e</span></a><span class='bold'>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rumming</span></span> (?); ‘Much like a rumming streame’, Twyne, Aeneid x, 603
(L. <span class='it'>torrentis aquae</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>run at the ring;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#ring2'>ring</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='runcival'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>runcival pease,</span></span> runcival peas, peas of a large size, Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 41. 9. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rouncival'>rouncival</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rundle,</span></span> applied to the spherical surface of the earth. Lyly, Woman in
the Moon, i. 1. 11. Hence <span class='it'>rundled</span>, circular, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vii. 239.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='runnion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>runnion</span> (<span class='bold'>ronyon</span>)</span>, an abusive term applied to a woman. Macbeth,
i. 3. 6; Merry Wives, iv. 2. 195.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rush-buckler,</span></span> a swash-buckler, noisy ruffian; ‘Stoute bragging
russhe-bucklers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 82).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rushes,</span></span> with which floors were strewed, before the introduction of
carpets. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>russeting,</span></span> a kind of ruddy apple. Chapman, The Ball, ii. 1 (Barker).
See Dict. (s.v. Russet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>russet-pated;</span></span> ‘Russet-pated choughs’, with heads of a reddish-brown
colour, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='rutter'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rutter,</span></span> a cavalry soldier, esp. a German one; ‘You are a Rutter,
borne in Germanie’, Kyd, Sol. and Pers. i. 3; ‘Almain rutters’, Marlowe,
Faustus, i. 1 (Valdes); ‘Regiment of rutters’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s
Prize, i. 4 (Sophocles). Du. <span class='it'>ruiter</span>, a trooper, horseman (Sewel); cp.
O. Prov. <span class='it'>rotier</span>, a trooper, half soldier, half robber; <span class='it'>rota</span>, a band of men,
a troop (Appel); Med. L. <span class='it'>rupta</span> ‘cohors’ (Ducange, s.v. Rumpere, p. 237,
col. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruttock,</span></span> a staff, stick. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10;
<span class='it'>rottocke</span>, id., Diogenes, § 116.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rutty,</span></span> full of ‘roots’ of trees. Spenser, Prothalamion, 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rye-strew,</span></span> a straw of rye; applied derisively to a heavy weapon.
Heywood. Four Prentises (Eustace), vol. ii, p. 203.</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='S'>S</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sack,</span></span> a loose kind of gown worn by ladies. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed.
Dyce, p. 516).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sackage, saccage,</span></span> the act of sacking (a city, &amp;c.); ‘The saccage of
Carthage’, Holland, tr. Pliny, I. xv. 18. 443; <span class='it'>to saccage</span>, to sack or plunder,
Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 24, p. 63. Fr. <span class='it'>saccager</span>, to sack, ransack,
pillage (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sackful,</span></span> given to plundering; ‘Sackful troops’, Mirror for Mag.,
Robert, D. of Normandy, st. 40; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 601.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sackless,</span></span> guiltless, innocent, Greene, Isabel’s Sonnet, l. 9 (ed. Dyce,
p. 299); <span class='it'>sakeles</span>, Gascoigne, Works, i. 379. In common prov. use in the
north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>sakless</span>, innocent (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 175).
OE. <span class='it'>saclēas</span>, free from charge, guiltless (Matt. xxviii. 14, Lind.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sacrament,</span></span> an oath. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cat.). L. <span class='it'>sacramentum</span>,
the military oath of allegiance; also, an oath, a solemn engagement.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sacring-bell,</span></span> the small bell rung at the elevation of the host.
Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 295. Deriv. of the vb. <span class='it'>sacre</span>, to consecrate the elements
in the Eucharist, ‘I sacre, I halowe, <span class='it'>Je sacre</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>sacryn</span> or
halwyn, ‘consecro’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sad,</span></span> settled, steadfast, constant. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 45; ‘Settled
in his face I see Sad resolution and secure’, Milton, P. L. vi. 541; grave,
serious, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 23. 5; grave, sober (of attire), F. Q. i.
10. 7. ME. <span class='it'>sad</span> or sobyr, ‘maturatus, agelastes’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sadness,</span></span> seriousness, gravity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 77. ME. <span class='it'>sadnesse</span> in
poorte and chere, ‘soliditas, maturitas’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>safe,</span></span> to make safe, to secure. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 55; <span class='it'>saft</span>, pt. t., Chapman,
tr. of Iliad, viii. 291; pp., id., 444.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>safeguard,</span></span> an outer skirt worn by women to protect their dress when
riding; ‘Enter <span class='it'>Moll</span>, in a frieze jerkin and a black safeguard’, Middleton,
Roaring Girl, ii. 1; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine). Formerly
in prov. use in the west country in Devon, pronounced ‘seggard’; see
(EDD.) (s.v. Safeguard). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saffo,</span></span> a serjeant, catchpole. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.); v. 8
(1 Avoc). Ital. ‘<span class='it'>zaffo</span> (<span class='it'>saffo</span>), a common serjeant or base catch-pole, specially
in Venice’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sag</span>(<span class='bold'>g,</span></span> to sink or subside gradually; ‘The Elme and the Ash are
tough, howbeit they will soone settle downward and sag, being charged
with any weight’, Holland, Pliny, i. 492; <span class='it'>fig.</span> (of the mind), ‘The minde I
sway by .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. shall never sagge with doubt’, Macbeth, v. 3. 10; <span class='it'>sagge</span>, hanging
or sagging down, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 27. In gen. prov. use in England
and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Sag, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>saggyn</span> (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sagg,</span></span> to drag oneself along wearily or feebly. Drayton, Pol. xvi. 219;
Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 283. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>sagga</span>, to walk heavily and slowly
from weariness (Ross).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saine,</span></span> <span class='it'>pr. pl.</span>, they say. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 55. ME. <span class='it'>seien</span>, pr. pl.
P. Plowman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='saint'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saint,</span></span> a card-game; see <span class='bold'><a href='#cent'>cent</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Saint Nicholas’ clerk,</span></span> a highwayman. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 67; Rowley,
A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Randall). See Nares (s.v. Nicholas).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Saint Thomas à Waterings,</span></span> a place anciently used for executions
for the county of Surrey, as Tyburn for Middlesex. It was situated
at the second milestone on the Kent road, near a brook, a place for watering
horses, whence its name; dedicated to St. Thomas Beket, being the
first place of any note on the road to Canterbury: ‘And forth we riden .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
Unto the watering of seint Thomas, And there our host bigin his hors
areste’, Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 826. The allusions to this spot as a place of
execution are numerous; ‘He may perhaps take a degree at Tyburn .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
come to read a lecture Upon Aquinas, at St. Thomas à Watering’s, And
so go forth a laureat in hemp circle’, B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Host). See
Nares (s.v. Waterings).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saker,</span></span> a kind of falcon. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 696; Middleton,
Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); also, a kind of ordnance or cannon, Dekker,
Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (Bots); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 355. This word for
a falcon is common to all the Latin nations; of Arabic origin, see Dozy,
Glossaire, 338.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sale,</span></span> a willow; used by Spenser to signify a wicker basket made of
willow-twigs for catching fish. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 81. See EDD.
(s.v. Seal, sb.<sup>3</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>sealh</span>, a willow.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sale,</span></span> a hall, large chamber. Morte Arthur, bk. xvii, ch. 16 (p. 713);
The World and the Child, l. 12, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. F. <span class='it'>salle</span>
(<span class='it'>sale</span>), a hall (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saliant,</span></span> sportive, lively. Fletcher, The Chances, iv. 3 (Petruccio).
From the heraldic use, as ‘lion <span class='it'>saliant</span>’. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>saillant</span>, pres. pt. of <span class='it'>sailler</span>,
to leap (Ch. Rol. 2469).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saliaunce,</span></span> assault, onslaught, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 29. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assaillir</span>,
to attack (Ch. Rol. 2564); <span class='it'>saillir</span> (Wace, Rom. de Rou, 2595).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sallet,</span></span> a light head-piece. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; Thersites, 55 (ed.
Pollard). Often used with a quibble referring to <span class='it'>sallet</span>, a form of <span class='it'>salad</span>;
as in Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 1. O. Prov. <span class='it'>salada</span>, sorte de casque (Levy),
F. <span class='it'>salade</span>, ‘a salade, helmet, head-piece’ (Cotgr.), Ital. <span class='it'>celata</span>, ‘a morion,
a casket, an helmet’ (Florio). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Salmon, Salomon,</span></span> the sacrament or oath of the beggars; ‘Salomon,
a alter or masse’, Harman, Caveat, 83; ‘A part too of our salmon’, B.
Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (2 Gipsy); ‘By the Salomon’, Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘By Salmon’, Brome, Jovial Crew (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salpa,</span></span> a kind of stock-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L.
<span class='it'>salpa</span> (Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salt.</span></span> A salt-cellar was usually placed near the middle of a long table,
to divide the company according to their social rank; those of inferior
distinction being placed <span class='it'>below the salt</span>. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1
(Mercury). <span class='it'>Above the salt</span>, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1 (Steward).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salt,</span></span> a leap, esp. one made by a horse. Webster, White Devil (Lodovico),
ed. Dyce, p. 34; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 2 (Wittipol). L. <span class='it'>saltus</span>,
a leap.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saltimbanco,</span></span> a mountebank, a quack. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors,
bk. i, c. 3, § 11; <span class='it'>saltinbancho</span>, Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 1007. Ital. <span class='it'>saltimbanco</span>,
a mountebank; from <span class='it'>saltare in banco</span>, to mount upon a bench; ‘<span class='it'>Salta in
banco</span>, as <span class='it'>Monta in banco</span>; <span class='it'>montáre in bánco</span>, to play the mountebank’ (Florio).
Span. ‘<span class='it'>Sálta en banco</span>, a mountebank’ (Stevens). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salue,</span></span> to salute. Holland, Pliny II, 297; Udall, Apoph. 122; <span class='it'>salew</span>,
Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. ME. <span class='it'>salue</span>, <span class='it'>salewe</span> (Chaucer); F. <span class='it'>saluer</span>; L.
<span class='it'>salutare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='salu'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saluë, salvee,</span></span> some kind of boat; ‘Twentie Caruiles, and Saluees
ten’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 257. NED. (s.v. Salve, 3) gives
a quotation of a passage which Dekker evidently copied, ‘There are 20
Carauels for the service of the above named Armie [the Armada], and
likewise 10 Saluës with sixe Oares a-peece’, Archdeacon, tr. True Disc.
Army, K. Spain, 38 (1588).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salvage,</span></span> savage. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Picrato). Spenser, F. Q.
ii. 6. 39; ii. 8. 42. O. Prov. <span class='it'>salvatge</span>, ‘qui vit dans les bois, sauvage,
farouche’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>salvaticus</span> (Ducange); cp. Ital. <span class='it'>salvático</span>; L. <span class='it'>silvaticus</span>
(Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salvatory,</span></span> a box for holding ointments. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, iv.
2 (Bosola); ‘The Surgeon’s Salvator or Salvatory or his Box of Unguents’,
Holme, Armoury, iii. 438; ‘<span class='it'>Salvatory</span>, a Surgeon’s Box, to hold Salves,
Ointments, and Balsams’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. In Med. L. <span class='it'>salvalorium</span> is
given in Ducange only with the meanings (1) <span class='it'>vivarium piscium</span>, (2) <span class='it'>monasterium</span>,
‘ubi quis a mundi periculis tutus <span class='it'>salvatur</span> seu servatur’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salvee;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#salu'>saluë</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sam,</span></span> together. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. ME. <span class='it'>sum</span>, together
(Cursor M. 9750); see NED. (s.v. Samen, adv.), and Dict. M. and S.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sambuke,</span></span> a triangular stringed-instrument of a very sharp shrill tone.
Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 39). ME. <span class='it'>sambuke</span> (Wyclif, Dan. iii. 5),
L. <span class='it'>sambuca</span> (Vulgate), Gk. σαμβύκη (LXX).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sambuke,</span></span> a military engine for storming walls. Peacham, Comp.
Gentleman, ix. 73. L. <span class='it'>sambuca</span> (Vegetius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>samite,</span></span> a rich silk stuff. Morte Arthur, leaf 344. 30; bk. xvi, c. 17;
leaf 380, back, 30; bk. xviii, c. 19 [Tennyson, Morte d’Arthur, 31 and 144].
O. Prov. <span class='it'>samit</span>, ‘étoffe de soie’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>examitum</span>; Byz. Gk.
ἑξάμιτον, lit. woven with six different kinds of thread; see Ducange (s.v.
Exametum); cp. Span. <span class='it'>xaméte</span> (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sampire,</span></span> ‘samphire’. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 763; King Lear, iv. 6. 15;
<span class='it'>sampier</span>, Baret, Alvearie. F. ‘<span class='it'>herbe de S. Pierre</span>, sampire’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sampsuchine,</span></span> oil of marjoram. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2
(Amorphus). Gk. σαμψύχινον, of marjoram; σάμψυχον, marjoram.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanbenito.</span></span> Under the Spanish Inquisition a penitential garment of
yellow cloth, ornamented with a red St. Andrew’s cross before and behind,
worn by a confessed and penitent heretic; ‘The Inquisitors .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. bringing
with them certaine fooles coats .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. called .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. <span class='it'>S. Benitos</span>’, M. Phillips in
Hakluyt’s Voyages, iii. 480; a garment of a black colour ornamented with
flames, devils, and other devices worn by an impenitent heretic at an
auto-da-fé, ‘Sambenitas, painted with all the flames and devils in hell’,
Marvell, Reh. Transp. i. 276. In Butler’s Hud. iii. 2. 1574, ‘Sambenites’
are referred to vaguely. The garment was so called from <span class='it'>San Benito</span>,
St. Benedict, from its resemblance to the scapular introduced by
St. Benedict. See NED. and Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sance-bell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sance-bell, saunce-bell,</span></span> corruptly <span class='bold'><a href='#saint'>saint’s-bell</a>,</span> the Sanctus-bell, the
bell orig. rung at the <span class='it'>Sanctus</span> at Mass. The <span class='it'>Sanctus</span> or <span class='it'>Ter-sanctus</span> refers to the
word <span class='it'>sanctus</span> (thrice repeated) in the conclusion to the Eucharistic preface;
in the English Liturgy ‘Holy, holy, holy’. <span class='it'>Sance-bells</span>, pl., Fletcher, Mad
Lover, i. 1 (Fool). Spelt <span class='it'>saint’s bell</span>, Hall, Satires, bk. v, Sat. 1, l. 119;
<span class='it'>saunce-bell</span>, Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 3 (Toby). See NED. (s.v. Sanctus Bell).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sanctus'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanctus:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>a black sanctus</span>, a burlesque hymn, accompanied by
discordant noises; a great discord. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3
(Mirabel); Mad Lover, iv. 1 (Fool); <span class='it'>black Saunce</span>, Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2. 33.
See Nares (s.v. Sanctus), and <span class='bold'><a href='#tintamar'>tintamar</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sanglier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanglier,</span></span> a full-grown wild boar. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100;
Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5 (ed. 1615, 43). F. <span class='it'>sanglier</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>singularis</span>
(Vulg., Ps. lxxix. 14) = the μονιός of the LXX, meaning a boar separated from
the herd. See <span class='bold'><a href='#singler'>singler</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanjak.</span></span> In the Turkish Empire one of the administrative districts
of a ‘vilayet’; <span class='it'>sangiacque</span>, Dacres, tr. Machiavelli’s Prince, 25 (NED.);
<span class='it'>sanzacke</span>, a governor of a sanjak, Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4 (Carazie);
<span class='it'>sanziack</span>, Sir T. Herbert, Trav. (ed. 1677, 277); <span class='it'>sandiack</span>, Shirley, Imposture,
v. 1 (Volterino). Ital. <span class='it'>sangiacco</span> (Florio), Turk. <span class='it'>sanjāq</span>, lit. a banner
(NED.); <span class='it'>sanjac</span>, a province, T. Herbert, Gram. Turk. Lang., 1709, p. 90.
See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanna,</span></span> a gesture of scorn. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus).
L. <span class='it'>sanna</span>, a grimace made in mockery (Juvenal). Gk. σάννας, a buffoon;
one who makes grimaces. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stork'>stork’s bill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sans,</span></span> without (a French word), As You Like It, ii. 7. 166; Temp. i.
2. 97.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sapa,</span></span> new wine boiled thick. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15.
L. <span class='it'>sapa</span> (Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sapor.</span></span> <span class='it'>Sapor Pontic</span>, <span class='it'>Sapor Styptic</span>: particular ‘Sapors’, savours frequently
mentioned by the alchemists as indicative of the nature or
condition of substances under examination. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1
(Subtle). L. <span class='it'>sapor</span>, taste.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sarcocolla,</span></span> an Eastern gum-resin. Altered to <span class='it'>sacrocolla</span>, Middleton,
A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). Gk. σαρκοκόλλα; the name derived from
its power of healing or agglutinating wounds.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sarell,</span></span> a seraglio. Marlowe, Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Bajazet). F. <span class='it'>sérail</span>,
a seraglio; Pers. <span class='it'>serāi</span>, a palace (Hatzfeld). See Stanford (s.v. Seraglio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sarza,</span></span> sarsaparilla. Bacon, Essay 27, § 2. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sasarara'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sasarara,</span></span> a corruption of <span class='it'>certiorari</span>, the name of a certain writ at law.
Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 2 (Vindici); <span class='it'>sesarara</span>, Puritan Widow, iii. 2. 81.
See EDD. (s.v. Siserary), where the word is said to be in prov. use in the
sense of a violent scolding; in Devon the phr. <span class='it'>with a siserary</span> means ‘with
a vengeance’ [‘I fell in love all at once with a sisserara’, Sterne, T. Shandy,
vi. 47 (Davies).]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sattle,</span></span> to quiet, reduce to order. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xviii.
345; to become calm, ‘I sattyl or sober or appayse my-selfe’, Palsgrave.
Cp. ‘sattle’, the north-country word, meaning to put an end to a quarrel,
see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>sahtlen</span>, to bring to a peaceful agreement,
to reconcile (<span class='it'>sahhtlenn</span> in Ormulum, 351); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v.
Sahtlien). OE. <span class='it'>sahtlian</span> (Chron. ann. 1066). Etym. doubtful; see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sattle,</span></span> to sink down gradually. Ascham, Toxophilus, 131. In prov.
use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.<sup>2</sup> 3). ME. <span class='it'>sattle</span> (York
Plays, 328); <span class='it'>satlynge</span>, a sagging, ‘bassacio’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v.
Settle, vb., 13).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saturity,</span></span> repletion. Herrick, Noble Numbers; Lasciviousness, 2;
<span class='it'>saturitie</span>, Udall, tr. Erasmus, on Matt. v. 6; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v,
ch. 24, st. 48. L. <span class='it'>saturitas</span> (Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>satyrion,</span></span> the orchis. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Sir Jolly). Gk.
σατύριον (Dioscorides). See Alphita, p. 158.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saugh,</span></span> a ‘sough’, a channel, a trench. Drayton, Pol. iv. 168. ‘Sough’
in various forms is in common prov. use in England from the north
country to Bedfordshire, see EDD. (s.v. Sough, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saulf,</span></span> ‘safe’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, see Glossary). F. <span class='it'>saulf</span>,
safe (Rabelais). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sauf).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saunce-bell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sance-bell'>sance-bell</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sawtry,</span></span> a ‘psaltery’, a kind of harp. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 358.
ME. <span class='it'>sautrye</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 296).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>say,</span></span> to ‘assay’, to test the fitness of, to try on (clothes); ‘He sayes
his sute’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Fashioner); to set oneself to
do something, Peele, Order of the Garter (ed. Dyce, 588); ‘Who sayd to
wound faire Venus in the hand’, Heywood, 2nd Pt., Iron Age (NED.).
See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>say,</span></span> ‘assay’, temper of metal, proof; ‘A sword of better say’, Spenser,
F. Q. vi. 11. 47; a subject for testing, proving, ‘Still living to be wretched
To be a say to Fortune in her changes’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B.
Pestle, iv. 4. 11. ‘To say’ for to assay, to test, prove, is in prov. use in
Scotland and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Say, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>say:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take the say</span>, to draw the knife along the belly of a slain
deer, to find how fat he is. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 10. For
<span class='it'>assay</span>, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). See Nares (s.v. Say).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scalado,</span></span> an escalade, attempt to scale a wall. Bacon, Henry VII (ed.
Lumby, p. 165). Span. <span class='it'>escalada</span>, ‘an escalade or taking a place with
scaling Ladders’ (Stevens). L. <span class='it'>scala</span>, a ladder.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scale,</span></span> to attack with scaling ladders; ‘The citty had bene scaled and
sacked’, Greene, Euphues (Wks., ed. Grosart, vi. 220); ‘The hugy heaps
of cares .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. are scalèd from their nestling-place’, Peele, Sir Clyomon
(Wks., ed. Dyce, iii. 78). Ital. ‘<span class='it'>scalare</span>, to ascend by ladder’ (Florio);
Span. <span class='it'>escalar</span> (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scaledrake,</span></span> ‘a sheldrake’. Lady Alimony, ii. 2 (2 Boy). In prov.
use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scall,</span></span> a scab, blister, an eruption of skin on the head. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Lev. xiii. 30
(printed <span class='it'>skall</span>, ed. 1611); ‘Scurfe and dandruffe, running ulcers and scals’,
Holland, Pliny, xxiii. 1. In prov. use in Scotland and north of England,
see EDD. (s.v. Scall, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>scalle</span> (Chaucer, Minor Poems, viii. 7).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>scald,</span> afflicted with the ‘scall’, scurfy; an epithet of contempt,
Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 215; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brothers, i (Grandpree);
Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Fluello). ME. <span class='it'>scalled</span> (Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 627).</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><a id='scamble'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scamble,</span></span> to scramble, to struggle. Much Ado, v. 1. 94; Tusser,
Husbandry, § 51. 7. Hence, <span class='it'>scambling</span>, shambling, shuffling, Ford, Love’s
Sacrifice, v. 1 (Bianca); filching, id., Fancies Chaste, i. 3 (Livio). In prov.
use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scand,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>, ascended, climbed up to. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 8. L. <span class='it'>scandere</span>,
to climb.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scantle,</span></span> to scant, to limit; ‘Her scantled banks’, Drayton, Pol. xxiv.
12; The Owl, 1294; to shorten sail, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1327);
p. 134, col. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scantling,</span></span> limited measure. Bacon, Essay 55; a pattern, sample,
Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 341; ‘How Ovid’s scantlings with the whole true patterne
doo agree’, Golding, Ovid’s Metam., Epist. 379. ‘<span class='it'>Eschantillon</span>, a scantling,
sample, pattern, proof of any sort of Merchandise’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>escauntiloun</span> (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scar,</span></span> a steep bare bank, a cliff. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 326. In prov. use,
see EDD. (s.v. Scar, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Icel. <span class='it'>sker</span>, an isolated rock in the sea.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scarab,</span></span> a beetle, dung-beetle; a term of reproach. B. Jonson,
Alchem. i. 1. 59 (Subtle); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax).
Gk. σκάραβος, a beetle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Scarborough warning,</span></span> very short notice, or no notice at all;
a surprise. Heywood, Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 43); Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, iii. 345. See Nares, EDD. and NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scarlet,</span></span> a scarlet gown, worn as a mark of dignity; He will be .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
next spring call’d to the scarlet, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scarmoge,</span></span> an irregular fight, a ‘skirmish’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34.
ME. <span class='it'>scarmuch</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 934), F. <span class='it'>escarmouche</span>, a skirmish
(Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>scaramuccia</span> (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scartoccio,</span></span> a roll of paper. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital.
<span class='it'>scartoccio</span>, ‘a coffin of paper for spice, as apothecaries use’ (Florio). Cp.
<span class='it'>cartoccio</span>, a piece of waste paper to put anything in. F. <span class='it'>cartouche</span>, E. <span class='it'>cartridge</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scath,</span></span> harm, hurt, damage. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 18; iii. 4. 24. ME.
<span class='it'>scathe</span>, harm (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 446); Icel. <span class='it'>skaði</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scatterling,</span></span> one of a wandering band of outlaws or robbers.
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scaure;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#scour1'>scour</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scerne,</span></span> to ‘discern’, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='schellum'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>schellum,</span></span> a rogue, scoundrel; ‘Where’s the Dutch <span class='it'>schellum</span>?’, Dekker,
If this be not a good Play (Pluto), Works, iii. 352; <span class='it'>skellum</span>, id., Shoemakers’
Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). ‘Skellum’ is a north-country word (EDD.).
Du. <span class='it'>schelm</span>, a rogue (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sciatherical,</span></span> concerned with the recording of shadows, esp. on a sundial.
<span class='it'>Scioferical</span>, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7 (Alb.); <span class='it'>scioterical</span>, Sir T. Browne,
Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 18, § 3. From Gk. σκιαθηρικός, from σκαθήρας, a
shadow-catcher, sun-dial; from σκιά, shadow, θηρᾶν, to catch.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scole,</span></span> a scale or dish of a balance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 606;
xxii. 180. Icel. <span class='it'>skāl</span>, a bowl, the scale of a balance; Dan. <span class='it'>skaal</span>, a bowl.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scolopendra,</span></span> a milliped; one of the numerous nicknames for a
courtesan. Shirley, Gamester, ii. 2 (Hazard). L. <span class='it'>scolopendra</span>; Gk. σκολόπενδρα,
a milliped.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='scombre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scombre,</span></span> to void excrements. Maister of Game, c. 13; <span class='it'>skommer</span>, Turbervile,
Hunting, c. 12; p. 27. See <span class='bold'><a href='#scumber'>scumber</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scope,</span></span> a mark to aim at. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 155. Gk. σκοπός,
a mark.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='scorse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scorse, scourse,</span></span> to exchange, barter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16;
B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Waspe); Drayton, Pol. (ed. 1613. p. 196);
‘<span class='it'>Barater</span>, to scourse, barter’, Cotgrave; hence <span class='it'>skoser</span>, a horse-corser,
Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10 (ed. Croft, i. 63). ‘Scorse’ is in prov.
use along the south coast (EDD.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 136.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='scot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scot and lot,</span></span> a tax levied by a municipal corporation in proportionate
shares for the defraying of municipal expenses; phr. <span class='it'>to pay scot and lot</span>, to
pay out thoroughly; ‘Twas time to counterfet, or that hotte Termagant
Scot had paid me scot and lot’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 115; B. Jonson, Every
Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). The word <span class='it'>scot</span> = Anglo-F. <span class='it'>escot</span>, a payment (Rough
List). See <span class='bold'><a href='#shot'>shot</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scot-free,</span></span> free from payment of one’s tavern score. B. Jonson, Every
Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scotomy,</span></span> dimness of sight, caused by dizziness. B. Jonson, Volpone,
i. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides). Gk. σκότωμα,
dimness; from σκοτοῦν, to make dim. Gk. σκότος, darkness.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='scour1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scour,</span></span> to be purged, to have diarrhoea; ‘He continually scowred’,
Repentance of Robert Greene (NED.); ‘Poor young man, how he was
bound to scaure for it’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, v. 3 (Nurse). ‘Scour’
(or ‘Scaur’ in Norfolk) is in prov. use for being afflicted with diarrhoea,
see EDD. (s.v. Scour, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scour the queer cramp-ring,</span></span> to wear the prison fetters (Cant).
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘<span class='it'>skower the cramp-rings</span>, weare fetters’,
Harman, Caveat, p. 84; ‘<span class='it'>quyerkyn</span> (= queer ken), a pryson-house’, ib.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>’scourse,</span></span> for <span class='it'>discourse</span>; with a quibbling reference to <span class='it'>scourse</span> or <span class='it'>scorse</span>,
to barter. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scout,</span></span> a slang term for a watch, or pocket time-piece; because a <span class='it'>scout</span>
is a <span class='it'>watchman</span>. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond senior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrag,</span></span> a scraggy creature, lean man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid,
iii. 606.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrat,</span></span> to scratch. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, st. 115; ‘I scratte as a beest
dothe that hath sharp nayles, <span class='it'>Je gratigne</span>’, Palsgrave. In gen. prov. use
in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>scrattyn</span>, or scracchyn (Prompt.); to
<span class='it'>scratte</span>, ‘scalpere’ (Cath. Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scratches, the,</span></span> a disease of horses, in which the pasterns appear as
if scratched. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘<span class='it'>Arestin</span>, the
scratches in a horses pasterne’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. (1623).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrawl, scraul,</span></span> to ‘crawl’. Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune,
i. 1. 15; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 146; <span class='it'>scraul</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 9.
See Nares (s.v. Scrall). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>screwed gun,</span></span> a gun furnished with a screwed barrel, i.e. having
a helically grooved bore. Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil).
First known in 1646.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrike,</span></span> to ‘shriek’. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 18. Swed. <span class='it'>skrika</span>, to shriek.
In prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Skrike).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrimer,</span></span> a fencer. Hamlet, iv. 7. 101. Cp. ‘scrim’ in prov. use for
striking vigorously, ‘scrimmish,’ a skirmish (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>escrimeur</span>, ‘a
fencer’; <span class='it'>escrimer</span>, ‘to fence, or play at fence, also, to lay hard about him’
(Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Skirmish).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scroyle,</span></span> a scoundrel; a term of contempt. King John, ii. 1. 373;
B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen). Of obscure origin (NED.).
See Notes on Eng. Etym., 263.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scruze,</span></span> to press out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 56. A Glouc. word, see
EDD. (s.v. Scruse).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scry,</span></span> to descry, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 38; Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, i. 190. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Scry,
vb.<sup>2</sup> 2). Norm. F. <span class='it'>escrier</span>, ‘explorer, chercher à découvrir’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scryne,</span></span> chest, ark. Spenser, Introd. to F. Q., st. 2. L. <span class='it'>scrinium</span>, a
box for keeping books, letters, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='scull'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scull, skull,</span></span> a ‘school’ of fish, a ‘shoal’. Mirror for Mag., Shore’s
Wife, st. 29; Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 22 (ed. 1623); Milton, P. L. vii. 402; a covey
of pheasants, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 3 (Petulus); a troop, company, Warner,
Albion’s England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 57. ‘Scull’ is in prov. use in Hants. for
a great number of people, see EDD. (s.v. School, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scum, skumme,</span></span> to scour, with respect to land or sea; ‘There were
sent forth rydars to skumme the country’, Morte Arthur, leaf 26, back, 30;
bk. i, c. 13. F. ‘<span class='it'>escumer</span>; <span class='it'>escumer la mer</span>, to scowr, as a fleet, the sea’ (Cotgr.);
<span class='it'>escumeur</span>, ‘corsaire qui fait des courses sur mer, pirate’ (Didot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='scumber'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scumber,</span></span> to void excrement, as a dog or fox. ‘<span class='it'>Fienter</span>, to dung,
scumber’, Cotgrave; ‘When they (hounds) are led out of their kennels to
scumber’, Massinger, Picture, v. 1 (Ricardo). Used in Cornwall of a bird
(EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>escombrer</span>, to clean out (Godefroy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bescumber'>bescumber</a>, <a href='#scombre'>scombre</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scur;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#skirr'>skirr</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scurer,</span></span> a scout, one sent forward to reconnoitre. Mirror for Mag.,
Guidericus, st. 36; ‘Out was our scurer sent agayn .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to shew wher
aboute the place was’, More, Comfort ag. Tribulation (Wks., p. 1181).
OF. <span class='it'>descouvreur</span>, ‘espion, qui va à la découverte’ (Didot); Med. L. <span class='it'>disco-operator</span>
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scurrile,</span></span> scurrilous, vulgarly witty. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 148; Two Noble
Kinsmen, v. 1. 153. L. <span class='it'>scurrilis</span>, buffoon-like; from <span class='it'>scurra</span>, a buffoon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scut,</span></span> a hare. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 632. ME. <span class='it'>scut</span>, a hare
(Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scute,</span></span> a coin of small value. Chapman, All Fools, v. 1 (Valerio). In
prov. use from Dorset to Cornwall for a sum of money, see EDD. (s.v.
Scute, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Properly an E. name for the French coin called <span class='it'>ėcu</span>, OF. <span class='it'>escut</span>,
L. <span class='it'>scutum</span>, a shield.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sdayn,</span></span> to disdain. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 44.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sea-card,</span></span> the card on which the points of the compass were marked.
Fletcher, The Chances, i. 10 (near the end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#card1'>card</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sea-holm,</span></span> sea-holly. Drayton, Pol. i. 125. Cp. <span class='it'>holm-oak</span>; and see
<span class='bold'><a href='#eringo'>eringo</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='seam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seam,</span></span> fat, grease. Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 195; Dryden, tr. Aeneid, vii. 867.
In gen. prov. use in the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Saim). ME. <span class='it'>seim</span>,
grease (Ancr. R. 412). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>saim</span>, ‘adeps’ (Ps. lxii. 6), cp. Ital. <span class='it'>saime</span>,
O. Prov. <span class='it'>sagin</span> (<span class='it'>saīn</span>), ‘graisse’ (Levy), Med. L. <span class='it'>sagimen</span>, ‘adeps, sagina’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>searce, searse,</span></span> to sift through a sieve. Webster, Devil’s Law-case,
ii. 1 (Ariosto). ‘Searce’ was formerly a widely spread prov. word for
a fine sieve; as a vb. ‘to sift’ it still appears in Northumbrian and Kentish
Glosses (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>sarce</span>, a sieve (Prompt.); <span class='it'>sarcyn</span>, to sift (id.,
EETS. 450; see notes, no. 1875 and no. 2204). OF. <span class='it'>saas</span> (F. <span class='it'>sas</span>), a sieve.
Span. <span class='it'>cedazo</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>setatium</span> (Ducange), der. of L. <span class='it'>seta</span>, <span class='it'>saeta</span>, a bristle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sear-cloth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sear-cloth,</span></span> to cover with ‘cere-cloth’ or waxed cloth. Dryden,
Annus Mirab. 148. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cere-cloth'>cere-cloth</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>season upon</span></span> (or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on</span></span>), to seize upon. Mirror for Mag., Northumberland,
st. 15; ‘I season upon a thynge as a hauke doth, <span class='it'>je assaysonne</span>. She
saysouned upon the fesante at the first flyght’, Palsgrave; ‘It is mete for
any lyon .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to season his pawes upon his pray’, Acolastus, ii. 3. See
NED. (s.v. Season, vb. 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sect,</span></span> a class or kind of persons, used with reference to sex, 2 Hen. IV,
ii. 4. 41; Fletcher, Valentinian, i. 1 (Chilax); Middleton, Mad World, ii.
6. In prov. use in various parts of England; also in illiterate use in
London; see EDD. and NED. Cp. Chaucer, ‘(The wife of Bath) and al
hire secte’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1171). L. <span class='it'>secta</span>, a following, a school or sect of philosophy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sectary,</span></span> one who belongs to a sect, a dissenter. Hen. VIII, v. 3. 70;
Puritan Widow, i. 2. 5. F. <span class='it'>sectaire</span>, ‘a sectary, follower of a sect’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sectour,</span></span> executor. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 62; ‘Sectour, <span class='it'>executeur</span>’,
Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>sectour</span>, ‘exequitour’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>seketowre</span>, ‘executor’
(Prompt., Harl. MS.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Sedgeley curse,</span></span> an imprecation recorded by Ray among the proverbs
of Staffordshire. It is given by Beaumont and Fl. in this form:
‘A Sedgly curse light on him, which is, Pedro, The fiend ride through
him booted and spurred, With a scythe at his back!’, Tamer Tamed, v. 2;
Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Plenty). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>see,</span></span> a seat of dignity or authority, a throne; ‘Jove laught on Venus
from his soveraigne see’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 2; the dwelling-place of
a monarch, F. Q. iv. 10. 30.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>see,</span></span> <span class='it'>pret. s.</span> (I) saw, (he) saw, Greene, Sonnet, l. 4 (ed. Dyce, 292).
Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. See, 1 (6)). OE. <span class='it'>seah</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>sēon</span>, to
see.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seek:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to blow a seek</span>, to sound notes on a horn, summoning hounds
to the chase of a deer. Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, i. 314).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seek:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to seek</span>, at a loss, badly off; ‘The Merchant will be to seeke
for Money’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 4; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 2. Cp.
Porson’s famous epigram in Museum Criticum, i. 332, ‘The Germans in
Greek, Are sadly to seek’, &amp;c. See NED. (s.v. Seek, vb. 20 b).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='seel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seel,</span></span> to close up a bird’s eyelids, by means of a thread passed through
them. <span class='it'>A seeled dove</span>, ‘She brought them to a seeled dove, who the blinder
she was, the higher she strave’, Sidney, Arcadia (ed. Sommer, 65); Bacon,
Essay 36. It was believed that a seeled dove would mount always higher
aloft, till it sank from exhaustion; see Ford, Broken Heart, ii. 2. 3.
Palsgrave has: ‘I cele a hauke, <span class='it'>Ie cile</span>.’ F. <span class='it'>ciller</span>, ‘to seele, or sow up
the eyelids’ (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>cil</span>, an eyelash, L. <span class='it'>cilium</span>, an eyelid, eyelash.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='seeld'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seeld,</span></span> seldom, Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 20. See <span class='bold'><a href='#seld'>seld</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seeling,</span></span> a wainscot, wainscoting. Bacon, Essay 54; ceiling, North,
tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (in Shak. Plut. p. 238).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seemless,</span></span> unseemly. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 25; Chapman, tr. of
Odyssey, xx. 397.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seemlyhed,</span></span> comeliness. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seen,</span></span> equipped, furnished; versed, practised; ‘Seen in many things’,
Heywood, A Woman killed, ii. 1 (Frankford); <span class='it'>well seen</span>, Tam. Shrew, i.
2. 136; Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8 (p. 37). In prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sege'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sege,</span></span> a seat. Morte Arthur, leaf 220. 7; bk. x, c. 16. ME. <span class='it'>sege</span>: ‘He
schal sitte on the sege of his maieste’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxv. 31). Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>sege</span>, seat (Ps. lxxxviii. 14), O. Prov. <span class='it'>setge</span>, ‘siège, banc, séance, siège d’une
ville’ (Levy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#siege'>siege</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seggs,</span></span> sedges. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 3. 15. A Northern form (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Seisactheia,</span></span> an ordinance of Solon by which all debts were lowered.
Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. σεισάχθεια, a shaking off of
burdens.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>selago,</span></span> a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. <span class='it'>selago</span>, a
plant resembling the savin-tree.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>selar,</span></span> a canopy of a bed; ‘The selar of the bedde’, Morte Arthur,
leaf 349, back, 24; bk. xvii, c. 6. ‘Cellar for a bed, <span class='it'>ciel de lit</span>’, Palsgrave.
See NED. (s.v. Celure).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>selcouth,</span></span> strange, uncommon. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14. A Scottish
poetical word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>selcouth</span>, strange, wonderful (P. Plowman,
C. i. 5); OE. <span class='it'>seldcūð</span>, strange, lit. seldom known.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='seld'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seld,</span></span> seldom. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 150; hence <span class='it'>seld-shown</span>, seldom shown,
Coriolanus, ii. 1. 229; <span class='it'>seld-seen</span>, Humour out of Breath, i. 1 (Octavio);
as adj. rare, scarce, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 4. ME. <span class='it'>seld</span> (<span class='it'>selde</span>),
seldom (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2343). See <span class='bold'><a href='#seeld'>seeld</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sellary,</span></span> a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius).
L. <span class='it'>sellarius</span> (Tacitus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sely'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sely,</span></span> harmless; ‘A selye innocente hare murdered of a dogge’,
More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, p. 111). Also, poor, helpless, Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 51. 18. ME. <span class='it'>sely</span>, simple, innocent, also, poor, pitiable (Chaucer);
but Chaucer uses the word also in other senses: good, holy, happy. See
Trench, Select Glossary (s.v. Silly). See <span class='bold'><a href='#silly'>silly</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>semblably,</span></span> similarly. 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 21. F. <span class='it'>semblable</span>, like. F.
<span class='it'>sembler</span>, to seem, resemble.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>semblant,</span></span> demeanour. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 31; Morte Arthur, bk.
ii, c. 17; <span class='it'>to make semblant</span> (= F. <span class='it'>faire semblant</span>), to make a show, appearance,
or pretence (of doing something), id., bk. vii, c. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seminary,</span></span> an Englishman educated as a Popish priest in a foreign
seminary. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>semitary,</span></span> a form of scimetar. B. Jonson, Case is altered, v. 2
(Juniper); <span class='it'>semitarie</span>, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cemitare'>cemitare</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sempster,</span></span> a sempstress; also a spinster, as applied to the three Fates,
Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Shadow). In prov. use in Yorks. and
Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Seamster). ME. <span class='it'>semster</span> (Dest. Troy, 1585),
OE. <span class='it'>sēamestre</span>, a sempstress (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sennet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sennet,</span></span> a signal-call played on a trumpet, the signal for entrance or
exit. Common in the stage-directions in the Tudor drama. It occurs in
various forms, such as <span class='it'>synnet</span>, <span class='it'>sinet</span>, <span class='it'>cynet</span>, <span class='it'>signate</span>. Hen. VIII, ii. 4; J. Caesar,
i. 2; Ant. and Cl. ii. 7; Coriol. ii. 1; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. O. Prov. <span class='it'>senhet</span>
(<span class='it'>signet</span>), ‘signe’ (Levy), OF. <span class='it'>sinet</span> (Littré). See Notes on Eng. Etym.,
p. 264.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sensing,</span></span> ‘incensing’, use of incense. Latimer, Sermon on the
Ploughers (ed. Arber, p. 30). ME. <span class='it'>censynge</span>, ‘turificacio’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sent,</span></span> perception. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 43. The old spelling of <span class='it'>scent</span>; so
in Cotgrave, ‘<span class='it'>Odeur</span>, sent, smell’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sere,</span></span> separate, distinct, each in particular. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed.
Arber, 107). ME. <span class='it'>ser</span>, distinct, each in particular (Ormin, 18653). Icel. <span class='it'>sér</span>,
orig. dat. of refl. pron. ‘for oneself’, hence as adv. separately.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sere,</span></span> the claw or talon of a bird or beast of prey. Usually in the pl.
<span class='it'>seres</span>; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 212; xii. 213; Odyssey, ii. 238; Revenge
of Bussy, iii. 1 (Clermont); Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1. 16. F. <span class='it'>serre</span>, a hawk’s
talon (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sere,</span></span> the catch in a gun-lock which is released by the trigger. Hamlet,
ii. 2. 337 (see note by W. Aldis Wright). It was like a claw. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>serene,</span></span> a chill evening air; ‘Some serene blast me’, B. Jonson,
Volpone, iii. 5 (Celia); Epigrams, xxxii (last line). F. <span class='it'>serein</span>, ‘the mildew,
or harmful dew of some summer evenings’ (Cotgr.). Ital. ‘<span class='it'>sereno</span>, the night
calm; <span class='it'>serenata</span>, music played in a clear evening’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sericon,</span></span> the name of some chemical substance. B. Jonson, Alchem.
ii. 1 (Subtle). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>serpentin,</span></span> a kind of cannon. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 159;
‘<span class='it'>Serpentine</span>, the artillery called a Serpentine or Basiliskoe’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>serpigo,</span></span> a general term for creeping or spreading skin diseases, esp.
ringworm, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 31 (variously spelt in the edd.). Medical
L. <span class='it'>serpigo</span>, ‘teter’ (Alphita, 167), deriv. of <span class='it'>serpere</span>, to creep.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>servant,</span></span> a professed lover, one who is devoted to the service of a lady.
Two Gent. of Verona, ii. 1. 106, 114, 140. Very common. Cp. Ital.
<span class='it'>cavaliere servente</span>; see Fanfani.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>servulate,</span></span> to serve obsequiously. Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother,
i. 2 (Egremont). From L. <span class='it'>servulus</span>, dimin. of servus, a slave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sesama,</span></span> oil from the seeds of a plant, sesame, one of the ingredients
of a perfume. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. σησάμη.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sesarara;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sasarara'>sasarara</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sess, seiss,</span></span> to assess. Pt. t. <span class='it'>sessyd</span>, Fabyan, Chron., p. vii, ann.
1257-8 (ed. Ellis, p. 344); pp. <span class='it'>seissed</span>, North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius,
§ 33 (in Shak. Plut., p. 204). In prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>set out the throat,</span></span> to set up a noise, cry out. B. Jonson, Alchem.
v. 2 (Face); Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>setter,</span></span> a confederate of sharpers or swindlers, employed as a decoy
(Cant). Nashe, Strange Newes, 1592; see Aydelotte, p. 86; Butler, Hud.,
Lady’s Answer, 153. One who marks down travellers to be robbed by
thieves, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 53.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>settle,</span></span> a long bench, with a very high back. Albumazar, i. 1 (Ronca).
In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Settle, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='setwall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>setwall,</span></span> the East Indian plant zedoary, Palsgrave; the plant valerian,
‘Drink-quickning Setwale’, Spenser, Muiopotmos, 196; spelt cetywall,
Drayton, Ballad of Dowsabell, 33 (in later editions <span class='it'>setywall</span>). ME. <span class='it'>setwale</span>
or <span class='it'>sedwale</span>, ‘zedoarium’ (Prompt.); <span class='it'>cetewale</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3207).
O. Span. <span class='it'>cetoal</span>, <span class='it'>sitoval</span>, <span class='it'>cedoaria</span>; of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire,
251.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sew,</span></span> to follow; ‘Seven kings sewen me’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 248; to sue, to plead, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 29; to woo, id., iii.
5. 47. See Dict. (s.v. Sue).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sew,</span></span> to drain dry; ‘To drain and sew’, North, tr. of Plutarch,
Jul. Caesar, § 39 (in Shak. Plut., p. 93); Tusser, Husbandry, 32. In
prov. use in E. Anglia, Kent, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Sew, vb.<sup>2</sup>).
OF. <span class='it'>esuer</span> (Burguy); F. <span class='it'>essuier</span>, to dry up (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>essuier</span>, ‘évier, conduit
par lequel s’écoulent les eaux sales d’une cuisine’ (Didot). See Hatzfeld
(s.v. Essuyer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sewell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#shewelle'>shewelle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sewer,</span></span> an attendant at a meal who superintended the seating of the
guests, and the tasting and serving of the dishes. Macbeth, i. 7, Stage
Direction. ME. <span class='it'>sewer</span> at the mete, ‘depositor, discoforus’ (Cath. Angl.);
<span class='it'>seware</span> at mete, ‘dapifer’ (Prompt.). OF. <span class='it'>asseour</span>, ‘en parlant du service de
la table, <span class='it'>qui fait asseoir</span>’ (Godefroy), Pop. L. <span class='it'>assedatorem</span> (acc.), one who sets,
places, deriv. of <span class='it'>assedare</span>, to set, place, cp. Norm. F. <span class='it'>aseer</span>, to place; see
Moisy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sextile,</span></span> denoting the aspect or relative position of two planets, when
distant from each other by sixty degrees; a sextile aspect. Fletcher,
Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Randolph, Jealous Lovers, v. 2; Milton,
P. L. x. 659.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seymy,</span></span> greasy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 169. See <span class='bold'><a href='#seam'>seam</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sforzato,</span></span> a galley-slave. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital.
‘<span class='it'>sforzati</span>, galley-slaves, as forced to do anything’ (Florio), cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>forçat</span>,
galley-slave’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shack,</span></span> the shaken grain which remains on the fields after harvesting;
hence <span class='it'>shack-time</span>, the time during which this grain remains on the ground,
Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 30; <span class='it'>to shack</span>, to turn pigs or poultry into the
stubble fields. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Shake, 9, 20, 21).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shackatory,</span></span> apparently, a huntsman’s underling. Dekker, Honest
Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shadow,</span></span> a reflection in water; ‘Aesop had a foolish dog that let go the
flesh to catch the shadow’, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce,
p. 37; a disguise, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Hempskirke); a friend of
an invited guest (L. <span class='it'>umbra</span>), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shaft,</span></span> a May-pole, esp. the May-pole in Aldgate ward, London, which
‘shaft’, when it was set on end and fixed to the ground, was higher than
the steeple of the church, which was hence called St. Andrew Undershaft.
This ‘shaft’ was not raised after May-day, 1517, on account of a disturbance
of the apprentices. Thirty-two years after it was sawn in pieces
and burned as an idol. Stow, Survey (ed. Thoms, 54); Pennant’s London,
587. See Nares (s.v. Shaft), and Chambers, Book of Days, p. 574.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shaftman,</span></span> a measure of about six inches, being the length from the
top of the extended thumb to the wrist-side of the palm. Harington, tr.
Ariosto, xxxvi. 56; <span class='it'>shaftmon</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 124, back, 8; bk. vii, c. 22;
<span class='it'>shaftmont</span>, ‘His leg was scarce a shaftmont lang’, Child’s Pop. Ballads,
ii. 330; <span class='it'>shaftement</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 112. ‘Shaftment’ is in prov. use
in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>schaftmonde</span> (Death of Arthur, 2546,
3843, 4232); OE. <span class='it'>sceaftmund</span>, a palm’s length (B. T.). See NED. (s.v.
Shaftment).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shag-rag,</span></span> ragged, vagabond-like; ‘A shag-rag knave’, Marlowe, Jew
of Malta, iv. 5 (Barabas). The word ‘shag-rag’ is in prov. use in the
north country to denote an idle, ragged vagabond, see EDD. (s.v. Shag,
vb.<sup>3</sup> 2 (2)). See <span class='bold'><a href='#shake-rag'>shake-rag</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shailes,</span></span> scarecrows. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § 2; see
Croft’s note. Perhaps cognate with ME. <span class='it'>schey</span>, shy, timid (Prompt.). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#shewelle'>shewelle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='shake-rag'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shake-rag,</span></span> a ragged disreputable person, Brome, Jovial Crew, iii.
(NED.). [‘He was a shake-rag like fellow’, Scott, Guy Man., xxvi.] Also
<span class='it'>shake</span>, Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (1 Suitor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shake the elbow,</span></span> to throw dice, to gamble. Webster, Devil’s Law-case,
ii. 1 (Ariosto).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shaking of the sheets,</span></span> the name of an old dance, usually mentioned
with an indecent suggestion. Westward Ho, v. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shale,</span></span> a shell, husk. Hen. V, iv. 2. 18; Parliament of Bees, character
5 (end). ME. <span class='it'>shale</span> (Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>scealu</span>, a husk.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shale,</span></span> to shell, take of the husk; ‘I shale peasen’, Palsgrave; ‘A
little lad set on a bancke to shale the ripen’d nuts’, W. Browne, Brit.
Pastorals, bk. ii, song 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shale, vb.<sup>1</sup> 14). ME.
<span class='it'>shale</span>, notys or odyr frute, ‘enucleo’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). Cp. F. <span class='it'>eschaller</span>:
‘<span class='it'>eschalleur de noys</span>, qui écale des noix’ (Glossaire, Rabelais, ii. 160).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='shale3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shale,</span></span> to shamble with the feet; ‘<span class='it'>Esgrailler</span>, to shale or straddle with
the legs’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD.
(s.v. Shale, vb.<sup>2</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#shayle'>shayle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shalla,</span></span> for <span class='it'>shall he</span>; ‘Shalla go In deede? and shalla flowte me thus?,’
Phaer, Aeneid iv, 590, 591. <span class='it'>A</span> for <span class='it'>he</span> is common in prov. use when unemphatic,
see EDD. (s.v. He, 1 (1)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sham,</span></span> to take in, to hoax; ‘You shammed me all night long .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
<span class='it'>Freeman</span>. Shamming is telling you an insipid, dull lye, with a dull
face, which the sly wag the author only laughs at himself; and, making
himself believe ’tis a good jest, puts the sham only upon himself,
Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. Cp. Sc. <span class='it'>sham</span>, to cheat, trick, deceive, see
EDD. (s.v. Sham, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shamois,</span></span> shoes made of the wild goat’s skin. Webster, White Devil
(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 19.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shape,</span></span> the costume suited to a particular part in a play. Massinger,
Bondman, v. 3 (Pisander).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shard,</span></span> a fragment, a piece of broken pottery, a potsherd; ‘Shards,
flints and pebbles should be thrown on her’, Hamlet, v. 1. 254. In prov.
use in the sense of a broken piece in Scotland and in the various parts of
England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>scherde</span>, ‘testula’ (Prompt. EETS.), OE. <span class='it'>sceard</span>,
‘testa’ (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shard,</span></span> a patch of cow-dung; ‘They are his shards, and he their
beetle’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 2. 19; ‘Such souls as shards produce, such beetle
things As only buz to heaven with ev’ning wings’, Dryden, Hind and P.
i. 321; ‘The shard-borne beetle’ (the beetle born in dung), Macbeth, iii.
2. 42. ‘Shard,’ meaning a patch of cow-dung, is in prov. use in Yorks. and
Wilts. (EDD.). Probably related to ‘sharn’ in prov. use for dung of
cattle; OE. <span class='it'>scearn</span> (Leechdoms); see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shard.</span></span> In Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 38, ‘When late he far’d In Phaedrias
flitt barke over that perlous shard.’ Spenser appears to use ‘shard’ here
in the sense of ‘a channel’. It is probably the same word as ‘shard’ in
prov. use for an incision, a gap, a narrow passage, see EDD. (s.v. Shard,
sb.<sup>2</sup> 1, 2, 3). OE. <span class='it'>sceard</span>, a gap, notch; the word is used for bays and
creeks in Boethius, 18. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shark,</span></span> to prowl about to pick up a living. Beaumont and Fl., Honest
Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Mallicorn); Earle, Micro-Cosmographie, no. 77 (ed.
Arber, 35); <span class='it'>shark on</span>, to prey upon, Sir Thos. More, ii. 4. 106; <span class='it'>shark up</span>,
to pick up by prowling about, Hamlet, i. 1. 98. Hence <span class='it'>shark-gull</span>, a cheat
who preys upon simpletons, Middleton, The Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. 524).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sharp.</span></span> <span class='it'>To fight at sharp</span>, to fight with sharp weapons, not with foils,
Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 3 (Galoshio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='shayle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shayle,</span></span> to shamble, to walk crookedly or awkwardly. Skelton, ed.
Dyce, i. 20, l. 19; p. 214, l. 172. Palsgrave has: ‘I shayle, as a man or
horse dothe that gothe croked with his legges, <span class='it'>Ie vas eschays</span>.’ ME. <span class='it'>schaylyn</span>,
‘disgredior’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). See <span class='bold'><a href='#shale3'>shale</a></span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#shoyle'>shoyle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheal,</span></span> to take off the outer covering of peas, King Lear, i. 4. 219. In
prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Sheal, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheath;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#painted1'>painted</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sheene'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheene,</span></span> fair, beautiful to behold. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 10; ii. 2. 40; ii.
10. 8; ‘Haill May, haill Flora, haill Aurora schene!’, Dunbar, Thrissill, 9;
as sb., fairness, splendour, Hamlet, iii. 2. 167. ME. <span class='it'>shene</span>, fair, beautiful
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 972). OE. <span class='it'>scēne</span>, <span class='it'>scȳne</span>, <span class='it'>scīene</span>, fair, identical with G. <span class='it'>schön</span>,
beautiful, Goth. <span class='it'>skauns</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheerly,</span></span> entirely. Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 4 (Memnon). A Scotch
word, used by Burns, Ep. to Major Logan (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheeve,</span></span> a slice; ‘A sheeve of bread’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv,
ch. 20, st. 29. In prov. use in Scotland and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. Sheave).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#shive'>shive</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shelf,</span></span> a sandbank. B. Jonson, The Forest, iii (l. 12 from end); <span class='it'>shelves</span>,
pl., 3 Hen. VI, v. 4. 23; ‘On the tawny sands and shelves Trip the pert
faeries’, Milton, Comus, 117. For Scotch exx. see EDD. (s.v. Shelf, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shell,</span></span> a cockle-shell worn in the hat by pilgrims to Compostella.
Heywood, Four Prentises (Godfrey), vol. ii, p. 213.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shells,</span></span> a cant term for money. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(2 Cutpurse); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shend,</span></span> to put to shame, blame, reproach. Spenser, Prothalamion, 121;
<span class='it'>shent</span>, pp., F. Q. ii. 5. 5; vi. 6. 18. In prov. use in Scotland and in Kent
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>shende</span>, to render contemptible (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 893);
<span class='it'>schende</span>, to blame, reproach (Wyclif, Ps. cxviii. 31). OE. <span class='it'>scendan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sherif'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sherif,</span></span> a title of the descendants of Mohammed, a title of the chief
magistrate of Mecca, and of Morocco; ‘The Sheriffe of Mecca’, Purchas,
Pilgrims, iii. 257. Arab. <span class='it'>sharîf</span>, noble, of noble lineage, particularly,
descending from Mohammed (Steingass). See <span class='bold'><a href='#xeriff1'>xeriff</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sherris,</span></span> ‘sherry’, a Spanish wine, so called from the town Xeres.
2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 111, 114, 122, 131. The Arabic form of the place-name
Xeres was <span class='it'>Sherêysh</span> (Dozy, Glossaire, p. 18). The Roman name was <span class='it'>Caesaris
Asidona</span>. By the loss of the first syllable, <span class='it'>Caesaris</span> became on the lips of the
Moors <span class='it'>sherêysh</span>. For a similar decapitation of the word <span class='it'>Caesar</span>, compare
the name of the Spanish city <span class='it'>Zaragoça</span>, the <span class='it'>Caesaraugusta</span> of the Romans.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='shewelle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shewelle, sewell;</span></span> ‘A <span class='it'>sewell</span>, a thing to keep out the deer’, Howell,
Lexicon Tetraglotton; ‘Anything that is hung up is called a Sewel; and
those are used most commonly to amaze a Deare, and to make him refuse
to passe wher they are hanged up’, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 98);
used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘Bugbeares of opinions brought, to serve as shewelles to keep
them from those faults’, Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia (ed. 1605, p. 267);
‘Shewell’ in the sense of a scarecrow is still in use in Oxfordsh. and
Berks. (EDD.). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>scheawle</span>, a scarecrow (Owl and N. 1648); <span class='it'>a-schewelen</span>,
to scare away (Stratmann, pp. 32, 528); deriv. of OE. <span class='it'>scēoh</span>, timid, shy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shift herself,</span></span> change her dress. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour,
iii. 1. 8. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shift, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shine,</span></span> bright. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3; ‘Girt my shine browe with
sea-banke Myrtle sprays’, Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, bk. i, 1. 34
(Wks., ed. Tucker Brooke, 560). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sheene'>sheene</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shirwood</span></span> = L. <span class='it'>lucus</span>. Phaer, Aeneid viii, 342.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shittle,</span></span> unstable, inconstant; ‘Their shittle hate’, Mirror for Mag.,
Collingbourne, st. 3; ‘Shyttell, nat constant, <span class='it'>variable</span>’, Palsgrave. ME.
<span class='it'>schytyl</span>, ‘preceps’ (Prompt. EETS. 398), cogn. w. OE. <span class='it'>scēotan</span>, to run hastily
(Acts vii. 57); see Cook, Biblical Quotations, p. 234.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shittle-cock,</span></span> a shuttlecock. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 (Allwit).
‘Shyttel cocke, <span class='it'>volant</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>schytyl</span>, a shuttle (in a child’s
game), see Prompt. EETS. 398.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='shive'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shive,</span></span> a slice, Titus Andron. ii. 1. 87. In gen. prov. use in Scotland,
Ireland, England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shive, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>schyve</span>
of bred or oþer lyke, ‘lesca, scinda’ (Prompt. EETS. 399). Cp. Icel. <span class='it'>skifa</span>,
a slice, and G. <span class='it'>scheibe</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shock-dog,</span></span> a rough-coated dog; a poodle. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master,
ii. 2 (Hippolyta); Tatler, no. 245.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoe-the-mare,</span></span> a Christmas sport. Middleton, Inner-Temple Masque
(Plumporridge). ‘Shoe the old mare’ is the name of a kind of sport in
Galloway, see EDD. (s.v. Shoe, vb. 10).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shog,</span></span> to move off, go away. Henry V, ii. 1. 47, ii. 3. 47; <span class='it'>shog on</span>,
Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (near the end); <span class='it'>shogd</span>, shook, pushed;
Phaer, Aeneid ii, 465; <span class='it'>shog</span>, a jog, a shake. Dryden, Epil. to The Man
of Mode, 28. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>schoggen</span>, to shake (Wars
Alex. 5018).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shold,</span></span> a shoal, sandbank. Phaer, Aeneid i, 112; Hakluyt, Voyages,
iii. 547. ‘Shald’ in various spellings is in prov. use in the north country,
meaning (1) shallow, (2) a shoal (EDD.). ME. ‘<span class='it'>schold</span> or schalowe, noȝte
depe’ (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>sceald</span>, shallow (found in place-names); see Dict.
(s.v. Shallow).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoot-anker,</span></span> sheet-anchor; hence, a means of security. Udall,
Roister Doister, i. 1. 28; ‘This saying they make their shoot-anker’,
Cranmer (cited in Dict., s.v. Sheet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shope,</span></span> shaped, framed; pt. t. of <span class='it'>shape</span>. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 39. ME.
<span class='it'>shoop</span>, planned, devised (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 207), pt. s. of <span class='it'>shapen</span>; OE.
<span class='it'>scōp</span>, pt. s. of <span class='it'>sceppan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoppini,</span></span> high-heeled shoes; ‘Those high corked shoes, which now
they call in Spaine and Italy <span class='it'>Shoppini</span>’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i,
c. 15; p. 49. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cioppino'>cioppino</a></span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#choppine'>choppine</a>.</span> See Stanford (s.v. Chopine).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shore,</span></span> a sewer. Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1; ‘The common shore’, A
Woman never vext (Mrs. Foster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 104; ‘Our
sailing ships like common shores we use’, Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii.
558. ‘Shore’, once a common word for a sewer, is still preserved in
Shoreditch in London; also named Sewers Ditch; see Stow’s Survey, p. 158.
It is in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England, see EDD. (s.v.
Shore, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoringness,</span></span> inclination to tilt to one side; ‘A table, of the which
the thirde foot was A little shorter then the rest. A tyle-sherd made it
even And tooke away the shoringness,’ Golding, Metam. viii. 662; fol. 103
(1603). ‘Shoring’ is in prov. use in E. Anglia, in the sense of slanting,
sloping, awry, see EDD. (s.v. Shore, vb.<sup>2</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='shot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shot,</span></span> a payment, reckoning; esp. a contribution to the payment of
a tavern score; ‘<span class='it'>Escotter</span>, every one to pay his shot or to contribute somewhat
towards it’, Cotgrave; Two Gent. ii. 5. 9; <span class='it'>shot-free</span>, without having
to pay, 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in Scotland,
England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shot, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>schot</span>, a payment
(Stratmann). OE. <span class='it'>scot</span>, a contribution (in compounds), see B. T. The
Anglo-F. form is <span class='it'>escot</span> (mod. <span class='it'>écot</span>), whence E. <span class='it'>scot</span>, in <span class='it'>scot-free</span>, and <span class='it'>scot and
lot</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#escot'>escot</a>, <a href='#scot'>scot and lot</a>.</span></p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>shot-clog,</span> a dupe; one who was a <span class='it'>clog</span> upon a company, but was
tolerated because he paid the <span class='it'>shot</span> or reckoning. Eastward Ho, i. 1
(Golding); B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Shun.); ‘A <span class='it'>shot-clog</span>, to make
suppers, and be laughed at’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Ovid senior).
Spelt <span class='it'>shot-log</span>, Field, Amends for Ladies, iii (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>shot-shark,</span> a tavern waiter; because he sharks for (or hunts after)
the reckoning or shot. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4. 1.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shotten,</span></span> lean. Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 4. 9. From the phr.
<span class='it'>shotten herring</span>, a herring that has spent the roe, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 143. ‘As
lean as a shot-herring’ is given in EDD. as a Derbyshire saying. ‘Shotten’
is used in Kent of the herring that has spent its roe, see EDD. (s.v.
Shot, pp. 5).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>shotten-souled,</span> deprived of a soul; soulless. Fletcher, Wit without
Money, iii. 4. 2.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shotterell, shotrell,</span></span> a pike in his first year; ‘An harlotrie [i.e.
worthless] <span class='it'>shotterell</span>’, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Carion); ‘The Shotrell,
1 year, Pickerel, 2 year, Pike, 3 year, Luce, 4 year, are one’, W. Lauson,
Comments on the Secrets of Angling; in Arber’s Eng. Garner, i. 197.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shough,</span></span> a rough dog with shaggy hair. Macbeth, iii. 1. 94; Ford,
Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Grilla). Also in forms <span class='it'>shog</span> and <span class='it'>shock</span>, ‘Nor
mungrell nor shog’, Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares); ‘Their little shocks or
Bononia dogs’, Erminia, 1661 (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shough, shoo,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, away! used to scare away fowls. Fletcher,
Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoule,</span></span> a ‘shovel’. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Jack);
vol. vi, p. 424. For various forms of ‘shool’, a word which is in gen.
prov. use in the British Isles and America, see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shouler,</span></span> a bird; the ‘shoveller’ or spoonbill. Drayton, Pol. xxv.
353. Skelton has <span class='it'>shouelar</span> (= <span class='it'>shovelar</span>), Phylyp Sparowe, 408.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shovelboard,</span></span> the name of a game. The game was to <span class='it'>shuffle</span> or drive
by a blow of the hand a counter or coin along a smooth <span class='it'>board</span>, so as to pass
beyond a line drawn across the board near the far end, but so as not to
fall off the board; ‘Plaieing at slide-groat or shoofleboard’, Stanyhurst,
Desc. of Ireland, ann. 1528; <span class='it'>Edward shovel-board</span>, a shilling coined in the
reign of Edward VI commonly used in the game of shovel-board, Merry
Wives, i. 1. 159. A similar game was called <span class='it'>shove-groat</span>, hence <span class='it'>shove-groat
shilling</span>, the coin used at the game, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 206; B. Jonson, Every
Man in Hum. iii. 5. 17 (see Wheatley’s note). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='shoyle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoyle,</span></span> to lean outwards on the foot in walking. Turbervile, Hunting,
c. 55 (p. 155), says that wild swine never ‘shoyle or leane outwards’,
as tame hogs do. See <span class='bold'><a href='#shayle'>shayle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shraming,</span></span> making a great noise, screaming; ‘Shraming shalms’,
Golding, Metam. iv. 392; fol. 48, back (1603); ‘She shraming cryed’, id.,
viii. 108; fol. 94.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrewd,</span></span> malicious, mischievous, ill-natured, All’s Well, iii. 5. 68;
Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 33; bad, nasty, grievous, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 244;
Ant. and Cl. iv. 9. 5. The word is used in Shropshire in the sense of
‘vicious’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>schrewyd</span>, ‘pravus, pravatus, depravatus’ (Prompt.
EETS. 401).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrich,</span></span> to ‘shriek’. Gascoigne, Philomene, ll. 22, 52. ME. <span class='it'>schrichen</span>,
variants <span class='it'>schriken</span>, <span class='it'>skriken</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4590).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrieve,</span></span> a ‘sheriff’. All’s Well, iv. 3. 213; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 99.
ME. <span class='it'>shirreve</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 359). OE. <span class='it'>scīr-gerēfa</span>. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shright,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> shrieked; ‘Out! alas! she shryght’, Sackville, Mirror
for Mag., Induction, st. 18; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 32. ME. <span class='it'>shrighte</span> (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2817), pt. t. of <span class='it'>schrychen</span> (<span class='it'>schriken</span>) to shriek. See Dict. M. and S.
(s.v. Schrychen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shright,</span></span> a shriek. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 57; vi. 4. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrill,</span></span> thin, poor; ‘Age .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. all balde or ouer-cast With shril, thin
haire as white as snow’, Golding, Metam. xv. 213. ‘Shrill’ (also ‘shill’)
is in prov. use in Bedf. and Northants for thin, poor; also clear, transparent,
applied to book-muslin (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrill,</span></span> to sound shrilly, to resound. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 20; v. 7. 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrimp,</span></span> a shrunken, wizened man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 600.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Shrove-Tuesday bird,</span></span> a cock tied down, at which cudgels were
thrown, on a Shrove Tuesday. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 3
(Lapet; near the end). See Brand’s Pop. Ant. (ed. 1877, p. 37).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shroving,</span></span> joining in the ceremonies and sports of Shrove Tuesday.
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 5 (Eyre); Fletcher, Noble Gent. iii. 2
(Lady). See EDD. (s.v. Shrove, vb.), where it is said that the custom of
‘shroving’, i.e. going round singing for money, &amp;c., on Shrove Tuesday,
is known from Oxf. to Dorset.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrow,</span></span> a ‘shrew’, a vixen, a scold. A frequent spelling of <span class='it'>shrew</span> in
old editions of Shakespeare; and always pronounced so, cp. the rimes
in Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 213; v. 2. 28; v. 2. 188; <span class='it'>shroe</span>, Peele, Arraignment
of Paris, iv. 1 (Bacchus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shug,</span></span> to slip, to wriggle. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Dog).
See EDD. (s.v. Shuck, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shuter,</span></span> a suitor. A common pronunciation of <span class='it'>suitor</span>; puns on <span class='it'>shooter</span>
and <span class='it'>suitor</span> occur often. London Prodigal, i. 2. 42; cp. L. L. L. iv. 1. 110;
Puritan Widow, il. 1. 97.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shuttle-brained,</span></span> thoughtless, flighty. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero,
§ 6. From the movements of the <span class='it'>shuttle</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sidanen,</span></span> a fine woman; an epithet. Northward Ho, ii. 1 (Capt. Jenkin).
Welsh <span class='it'>sidanen</span>, silken, made of silk; also, an epithet for a fine woman
(Owen). Applied sometimes to Queen Elizabeth; so Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>siddon,</span></span> soft, tender, mellow. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 1 (Piero).
Current in west midland counties, chiefly of peas or other vegetables
which become soft in boiling, see EDD. (s.v. Sidder). Cp. OE. <span class='it'>syde</span>, a
decoction, the water in which anything has been seethed or boiled (B. T.).
Cognate with <span class='it'>seethe</span>, pp. <span class='it'>sodden</span>; see Dict. (s.v. Seethe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>side,</span></span> long, hanging down a long way; ‘Side sleeves’, Much Ado, iii. 4. 21;
Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 440; B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 (Fly). In prov.
use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>syde</span>, as a gowne,
‘defluxus, talaris’ (Cath. Angl.); ‘syde sleeves’ (Hoccleve, Reg. P. 535).
See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Syde). OE. <span class='it'>sīd</span>, ample, wide, large, extensive.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>side, to set up a,</span></span> to be partners in a game. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman,
iii. 2 (Cent.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sie, sye,</span></span> to strain milk. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 10. ‘I sye
mylke, or clense’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, England down
to Glouc. (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>sēon</span> (<span class='it'>sīan</span>), to strain; cp. <span class='it'>asiende</span>, ‘excolantes’ (Matt.
xxiii. 24, Mercian Gloss); see B. T. (s.v. <span class='it'>āsēon</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='siege'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>siege,</span></span> a seat, esp. one used by a person of rank or distinction, Spenser,
F. Q. ii. 2. 39; hence, rank, Othello, i. 2. 22; the station of a heron on
the watch for prey, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a privy, Phaer,
Pestilence (NED.); evacuation, B. Jonson, Sejanus, i. 2; excrement,
Tempest, ii. 2. 110. ME. <span class='it'>sege</span>, ‘sedes, secessus’ (Prompt. EETS. 404, see
notes). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sege'>sege</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sieve and shears,</span></span> a mode of divination; used for the recovery of
things lost. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 848. See
EDD. (s.v. Riddle, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (1)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sifflement,</span></span> a whistling, chirping. Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (Auditus).
F. <span class='it'>siffler</span>, to whistle, L. <span class='it'>sifilare</span>, a dialect form of <span class='it'>sibilare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> sighed. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 20; vi. 10. 40. ME. <span class='it'>sighte</span>
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1035), pt. s. of <span class='it'>syke</span>, to sigh.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>signatures,</span></span> marks. The medicinal virtues of some plants were supposed
to be indicated by their forms or by marks upon them. Butler,
Hud. iii. 1. 329.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sikerly,</span></span> certainly, surely. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, last scene
(Gammer). Still in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v.
Sickerly). ME. <span class='it'>sikerly</span> (Chaucer); <span class='it'>sikerliche</span> (P. Plowman). OE. <span class='it'>sicor</span>, sure,
safe; certain (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>silder,</span></span> less frequently. Tancred and Gismunda, ii. 3 (Lucrece); in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 46. See <span class='bold'><a href='#seld'>seld</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='silly'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>silly,</span></span> simple, rustic; innocent. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 35; iii. 8. 27;
poor, wretched, weak, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, pp. 491, 533. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sely'>sely</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>silverling,</span></span> a piece of silver; ‘Fifty thousande silverlynges’, Tyndale,
Acts xix. 9; so the Cranmer version, 1539, and the Geneva, 1557; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>,
Isaiah vii. 23; here Luther has <span class='it'>Silberlinge</span>. In Marlowe, Jew of Malta,
i. 1. 6, <span class='it'>silverling</span> = the Jewish coin, the shekel.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simming,</span></span> simmering. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 6. 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simper,</span></span> to twinkle, glimmer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress,
iii. 1. 8; ‘I mark how starres above Simper and shine’, G. Herbert, The
Church, The Search, l. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simper,</span></span> to simmer; ‘I symper, as lycour dothe on the fyre before it
begynneth to boyle’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in north Ireland, west Yorks.,
and east Anglia (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simper-the-cocket,</span></span> an affected coquettish air; a woman so characterised,
a flirt. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); Skelton,
El. Rummyng, 55; <span class='it'>simper de cocket</span>, ‘<span class='it'>Coquine</span>, a beggar-woman; also a simper
de cockit, nice thing’, Cotgrave; Heywood’s Proverbs, Pt. ii, ch. 1 (ed.
Farmer, 52). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simple,</span></span> a simple remedy, as a plant used medicinally without admixture;
‘Where a sycknesse may be cured with symples’, Sir T. Elyot,
Castel of Helthe, bk. ii, c. 28; to gather simples or medicinal herbs,
Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 823.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simulty,</span></span> a grudge. B. Jonson, Discoveries, cxxii, § 2. F. <span class='it'>simulté</span>,
a grudge (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>simultas</span>, a hostile encounter, animosity.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sin,</span></span> since. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 44. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>sithen</span>, since (Wars Alex.); see Dict. M. and S. OE. <span class='it'>sīððan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>single:</span></span> <span class='it'>single money</span>, small change; ‘The ale-wives’ single money’,
B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 5 (Pedro).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>single,</span></span> in hunting, the tail of a deer; ‘The tayle of Harte, Bucke,
Rowe or any other Deare is to be called the Syngle’, Turbervile, Hunting,
243 (NED.); Howell, Parley of Beasts, 63; used of Pan’s tail, ‘That single
wagging at thy butt’, Cotton, Burlesque, 277 (Davies). Hence, ‘a boy
leasht on the single’, is explained by ‘beaten on the taile’, Lyly, Midas,
iv. 3 (Pet.). Still in prov. use in Northants. and west Somerset, see EDD.
(s.v. Single, sb.<sup>1</sup> 9).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='singler'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>singler,</span></span> a full-grown wild boar. Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#sanglier'>sanglier</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>singles,</span></span> the claws of a hawk. The middle claws were called the <span class='it'>long
singles</span>, and the outer the <span class='it'>petty singles</span>. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3
(Sir Francis). The <span class='it'>single</span> was orig. the middle or outer claw on the foot
of the hawk (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>singles,</span></span> the entrails; ‘The singles (Lat. <span class='it'>prosecta</span>) also of a wolfe’,
Golding, Metam. vii. 271; fol. 82 (1603). Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sink and sise,</span></span> five and six; at dice; ‘All at sink and sise’, i.e.
I have lost all my effects at dice-playing, Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, iii. 346.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sinkanter,</span></span> a term of contempt; ‘One Volanerius, an old sinkanter or
gamester and scurrilous companion by profession’, Jackson, Creed, x. 19;
‘<span class='it'>Rocard</span>, an overworn sincaunter, one that can neither whinny nor wag
the tail’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>si quis,</span></span> an advertisement; also called a bill. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out
of Humour, ii. 2 (end). From L. <span class='it'>si quis</span>, lit. if any one; from the first
two words; the advertisement begins: ‘<span class='it'>If there be any</span> lady or gentlewoman’,
id., iii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Hall, Sat. ii. 5. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Sir John,</span></span> a familiar appellation for a priest, because <span class='it'>John</span> was a common
name, and it was usual to prefix <span class='it'>sir</span> to a priest’s name. Richard III,
iii. 2. 111; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce). Cp. Chaucer
(C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4000), ‘Com neer thou preest, com hider thou sir John.’ See
NED. (s.v. Sir, 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sirts of sand,</span></span> quicksands. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 7. For <span class='it'>syrtes</span>,
pl. of L. <span class='it'>Syrtis</span>, Gk. Σύρτις, the name of two large sandbanks (Major and
Minor) on the coast of Libya. Cp. ‘A boggy Syrtis’, Milton, P. L. ii. 939.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sit,</span></span> to be fitting, to befit, suit; ‘It sits not’ (i.e. it is unbecoming),
Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; ‘With them it sits’, Shep. Kal., May, 77; id.,
Nov., 26. In the north country ‘It sits him weel indeed’ is often said
ironically of a person who arrogates to himself more than is thought
proper, see EDD. (s.v. Sit, 16). <span class='it'>Sitting</span>, suitable, fit, becoming; ‘To the
[thee] it is sittynge’, Fabyan, Chron., Part vii, c. 232; ed. Ellis, p. 265;
Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 149.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sith,</span></span> time; also <span class='it'>pl.</span> times. Spenser has ‘a thousand sith’, a thousand
times, F. Q. iii. 10. 33; also, ‘a thousand sithes’, Shep. Kal., Jan., 49.
OE. <span class='it'>sīð</span>, a journey, time.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sith,</span></span> since. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 95. ME. <span class='it'>sith</span>, since (Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 930).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sithence,</span></span> since. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 47. ME. <span class='it'>sithenes</span>, since (P. Plowman,
B. x. 257; xix. 15).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>six,</span></span> small beer; sold at 6<span class='it'>s.</span> a barrel; ‘A cup of six’, Rowley, A Match
at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>six and seven, to set all on,</span></span> ‘to risk all one’s property on the
hazard of the dice; <span class='it'>Omnem iacere aleam</span>, to cast all dice, .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to set al on sixe
and seuen, and at al auentures to ieoperd’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius,
§ 7; ‘Or wager laid at six and seven’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 588.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skails,</span></span> a game like ninepins; the same as ‘kails’. ‘<span class='it'>Aliossi</span>, a play
called Nine pins or keeles, or skailes’, Florio (1598); North, tr. of
Plutarch, Alcibiades, § 1. See NED. (s.v. Skayles).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skainsmate.</span></span> Only occurs as spoken by the Nurse in Romeo, ii. 4.
163, ‘Scurvy Knave! I am none of his flirt-gills; I am none of his
skainsmates’. The nurse was no very correct speaker, and in the heat of
her anger she has in this case become wholly unintelligible. The guesses
of the commentators and glossarists are devoid of probability.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skeen,</span></span> a knife. Merry Devil, ii. 2. 54; <span class='it'>skeane</span>, Spenser, State of
Ireland (Globe ed., p. 631); <span class='it'>skene</span>, Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (first stage-direction).
Also <span class='it'>skaine</span>, Drayton, Pol. iv. 384. In prov. use in Scotland
and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Skean). Sc. and Ir. Gaelic, <span class='it'>sgian</span>, a knife.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skelder,</span></span> to beg impudently by false representations, to swindle (Cant).
B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Luscus); ib. (Tucca); iii. 1 (Tucca); Middleton,
Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='skellet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skellet,</span></span> a ‘skillet’, a small pot or pan; a small kettle. Skelton,
El. Rummyng, 250; <span class='it'>skillet</span>, Othello, i. 3. 273. ‘Skellet’ (also ‘skillet’),
a small metal pan or saucepan, is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles and
America, see EDD. (s.v. Skillet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skellum;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#schellum'>schellum</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skelp,</span></span> to strike with the hand, to smack; ‘I shall skelp thee on the
skalpe’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2207. In gen. prov. use in the British
Isles; in England in the north and Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v.
Skelp, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>skelpe</span>, to smite with a scourge (Wars Alex. 1924).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skew at,</span></span> to look askance at, to slight. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal
Subject, ii. 1 (Putskie); ‘To skewe, <span class='it'>limis oculis spectare</span>’, Levins, Manip.
‘To skew’ is in prov. use in the north of England in the sense of to look
askance at any one, see EDD. (s.v. Skew, vb.<sup>1</sup> 18).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skew rom-bouse,</span></span> to quaff good drink (Cant). Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Song); <span class='it'>a skew</span>, a cuppe; Harman, Caveat, p. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<a id='skibbered'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skibbered</span></span> (?).</p>

<div class='literal-container' style=''><div class='literal'> <!-- rend=';' -->
<p class='line'>‘What slimie bold presumptuous groome is he,</p>
<p class='line'>Dares with his rude audacious hardy chat,</p>
<p class='line'>Thus sever me from skibbered contemplation?’</p>
<p class='line' style='text-align:left;margin-left:10em;'>Return from Parnassus, i. 6 (Furor).</p>
</div></div> <!-- end rend -->

<p class='noindent'>The Halliwell-Phillipps MS. of the play reads <span class='it'>skybredd</span> (communicated by
Mr. Percy Simpson). Dr. H. Bradley suggests <span class='it'>skyward</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skice, skise,</span></span> to frisk about, move nimbly, make off quickly; ‘Skise
out this way, and skise out that way’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal).
In prov. use—Sussex, Hampshire, &amp;c. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skill,</span></span> to make a difference; ‘It skills not much’, it makes little difference,
Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 134; ‘It skills not’, it makes no difference,
Nero, v. 2; ‘It skilleth not’, Lyly, Euphues (ed Arber, 245). Extremely
common from 1550 to 1650, see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skillet,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#skellet'>skellet</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skimble-skamble,</span></span> rambling, incoherent. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 154. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#scamble'>scamble</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skimmington,</span></span> a ceremony practised on unpopular persons in various
parts of England; fully described in EDD. See Heywood, Witches of
Lancs. iv. 230; Oldham, Satires upon the Jesuits, iv (ed. R. Bell, p. 125).
See Brand’s Pop. Antiq., Cornutes (ed. 1877, p. 414), for an account of
‘Riding Skimmington’, where it is described as a ludicrous cavalcade
intended to ridicule a man beaten by his wife.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skink,</span></span> to draw or pour out liquor. B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Lovel);
Phaer, Aeneid vii, 133. Hence, <span class='it'>Under-skinker</span>, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 26. ME.
<span class='it'>skinke</span>, to pour out (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1722). For full account of this verb
see Dict. (s.v. Nunchion).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skipjack,</span></span> a pert fellow, a whipper-snapper. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1
(Alph.); also, a horse-dealer’s boy, Dekker, Lanthorne, x; see Nares.
‘Skipjack’ is in prov. use in north of England in sense of a pert, conceited
fellow, see EDD. (s.v. Skip, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (2 a)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skipper,</span></span> a barn (Cant). ‘<span class='it'>A skypper</span>, a barne’, Harman, Caveat,
p. 83; B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). Possibly Cornish
<span class='it'>sciber</span>, Welsh <span class='it'>ysgubor</span>, a barn (NED.), Med. L. <span class='it'>scopar</span>, ‘scuria, stabulum’
(Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='skirr'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skirr,</span></span> to pass rapidly over a stretch of land; ‘Skirre the country
round’, Macbeth, v. 3. 35. Of doubtful origin (NED.). In prov. use in
the sense of to scurry, rush, fly quickly (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skit,</span></span> skittish, restive. Spelt <span class='it'>skyt</span>, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 101.
See EDD. (s.v. Skit, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skoase,</span></span> to chaffer, barter, exchange. Warner, Albion’s England,
bk. vi, ch. 31, st. 64. See <span class='bold'><a href='#scorse'>scorse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skope, skoope,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> of <span class='it'>scape</span>, scaped, escaped, got away. Phaer,
Aeneid ii, 458 (L. <span class='it'>evado</span>); <span class='it'>skoope</span> = escaped to, id., vi. 425; <span class='it'>skoope</span>, escaped,
id., ix. 545 (L. <span class='it'>elapsi</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skoser;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#scorse'>scorse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skull,</span></span> a skull-cap, helmet. Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant,
iv. 4. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skull;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#scull'>scull</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skyrgaliard,</span></span> a wild or dissipated fellow, Skelton, Against the Scottes,
101; id., Speke, Parrot, 427. See <span class='bold'><a href='#galliard'>galliard</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slab up,</span></span> to sup up greedily and dirtily; ‘Ye never saw hungry dog
so slab (printed <span class='it'>stab</span>) potage up’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii.
215. See NED. (s.v. Slab, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slake,</span></span> a shallow dell, a glade, a pass between hills. Morte Arthur,
leaf 95. 6; bk. vi, c. 5. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in various
parts of England, in the north down to Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Slack,
sb.<sup>3</sup> 1). Icel. <span class='it'>slakki</span>, a small shallow dell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slam,</span></span> an ungainly person; ‘He is but a slam’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse,
v. 5 (Nurse); ‘A slam or slim Fellow is a skragged, tall, rawboned Fellow’,
Ray, N. C. Words (ed. 1691, 137), see NED. (s.v. Slam, adj.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slampant:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to give one the</span> (or <span class='it'>a</span>) <span class='it'>slampant</span>, to play a trick on;
‘Polyperchon .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. meaning to give Cassander a slampant .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. sent letters
Pattents’, North, Plutarch (ed. 1595, 805); ‘<span class='it'>Trousse</span>, a cousening tricke,
blurt, slampant’, Cotgrave; also in form <span class='it'>slampaine</span>, ‘The townesmen being
pinched at the heart that one rascal .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. should give them the slampaine’,
Stanyhurst, Desc. of Ireland (ed. 1808, vi. 30); also spelt <span class='it'>slampam</span>,
‘Shal a stranger geve me the slampam?’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv.
633.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slat,</span></span> to dash, strike violently. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Malevole).
In prov. use in various parts of England, meaning to throw violently, to
dash down water or other liquid, also, to strike, beat, see EDD. (s.v.
Slat, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slate,</span></span> a cant term for a sheet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor);
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 61.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slaty,</span></span> muddy, rainy. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 258. ‘Slatty’ is a
Warw. word for muddy, see EDD. (s.v. Slat, sb.<sup>4</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sled,</span></span> a sledge or sleigh used as a vehicle in travelling or for recreation;
‘With milke-white Hartes upon an Ivorie sled Thou shalt be drawen’,
Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2. In common prov. use for a low cart without
wheels, see EDD. (s.v. Sled, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>slede</span>, a dray without wheels,
a harrow, ‘traha’ (Prompt. EETS. 415).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sledded,</span></span> (perhaps) riding in ‘sleds’ or sledges; ‘He smote the sledded
Pollax on the ice’, Hamlet, i. 1. 63 (a <span class='it'>Polack</span> is a Pole, an inhabitant of
Poland). So NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sledge,</span></span> a sledge-hammer; ‘To throw the sledge’, Beaumont and Fl.,
Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v.
Sledge, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sleek'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sleek,</span></span> plausible, specious. Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 241; Chapman, Eastward
Ho, ii. 2. Later variant form of ME. <span class='it'>slĭke</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#slick1'>slick</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sleided silk,</span></span> sleaved silk, silk ravelled out, divided into filaments.
Pericles, iv, Prol. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sleight'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sleight,</span></span> a cunning trick, an artifice. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 81;
Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 2. 20; spelt <span class='it'>slight</span>,
Middleton, More Dissemblers, iv. 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 747. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slent,</span></span> to slip or glide obliquely; ‘The stroke slented doune to the
erthe’, Morte Arthur, leaf 345. 24; bk. xvii, c. 1; to make sly hits or gibes,
‘One Proteas, a pleasaunt conceited man, and that could slent finely’,
North, Plutarch (NED.); hence, <span class='it'>slent</span>, a sly hit or sarcasm, ‘Cleopatra
found Antonius jeasts and slents to be but grosse’, ib., M. Antonius, § 13
(in Shaks. Plut., p. 175). See EDD. (s.v. Slent, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slibber-sauce,</span></span> a nauseous concoction, used esp. for medicinal
purposes, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 116); <span class='it'>slibber sawces</span>, buttery, oily,
made-up sauces, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 105).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='slick1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slick,</span></span> smooth, plausible. Rawlins, Rebellion, iv. 1. 4. Cp. prov.
<span class='it'>slick-tongued</span>, smooth-tongued, plausible in speech, see EDD. (s.v. Slick,
adj.<sup>1</sup> 6 (2)). ME. <span class='it'>slyke</span>, or smothe, ‘lenis’ (Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sleek'>sleek</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slick,</span></span> to make smooth. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1144; Chapman, tr.
of Iliad, xxiii. 249. In prov. use in England and America (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>slyken</span>, to make smooth (P. Plowman, B. ii. 98).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slidder,</span></span> slippery. The Pardoner and the Frere, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
i. 213; ‘My tongue is grown sae slip and slidder’, Stuart, Joco-serious
Discourse (ed. 1686, 20); see EDD. ME. <span class='it'>slydyr</span>, ‘lubricus’ (Prompt. EETS.
416); ‘A slidir mouth worchith fallyngis’, Wyclif, Prov. xxvi. 28. OE.
<span class='it'>slidor</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slidder,</span></span> to slip, to slide. Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 749. In prov. use
in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>slid</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>)<span class='it'>rian</span>, to
slip.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slifter,</span></span> a cleft or crack; ‘<span class='it'>Fente</span>, a cleft, rift, slifter, chinke’, Cotgrave.
A north-country word (EDD.). Hence <span class='it'>sliftered</span>, cleft, rifted, Marston,
Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). Cp. G. (dial.) <span class='it'>Schlifter</span>, gully, watercourse.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slight;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sleight'>sleight</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slighten,</span></span> to slight, depreciate. B. Jonson, Sejanus (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slip,</span></span> a counterfeit coin. Often quibbled upon; as in Romeo, ii. 4. 51;
Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iii. 1 (Pickadill). See NED. (s.v.
Slip, sb.<sup>4</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slipper,</span></span> slippery. Othello, ii. 1. 246. A west-country word, see EDD.
(s.v. Slipper, adj. 1). OE. <span class='it'>slipor</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slipstring,</span></span> a knave; one who has eluded the halter. Gascoigne,
Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio); ‘<span class='it'>Goinfre</span>, a wag, slipstring, knavish lad’, Cotgrave.
In prov. use the word means an idle, worthless, slovenly person,
so in Northants and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Slip, 3, (22)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slive,</span></span> to slice, cleave; to strip off (a bough) by tearing it downward;
‘I slyue a floure from his braunche’, Palsgrave; ‘The boughes whereof .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
he cutting and sliving downe’, Warner, Alb. England, prose addition on
Aeneid ii, § 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.
Slive, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>slyvyn</span>, a-sundyr, ‘findo’ (Prompt. EETS. 459). OE.
(<span class='it'>to</span>)<span class='it'>-slīfan</span>, to split.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sliver,</span></span> a small branch split off from the tree. Hamlet, iv. 7. 174. In
gen. prov. use for a slice, a splinter of wood (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>slivere</span>, a piece
cut or split off (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1013).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sliver,</span></span> to slice off. Macbeth, iv. 1. 28. In prov. use: ‘If you sliver
away at the meat like that there’ll be none left for to-morrow’ (Cambridge);
see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sloape,</span></span> deceitful; ‘For hope is sloape’, Mirror for Mag., Ferrex, st. 18.
‘Slope’ (or ‘sloap’) is in prov. use in Yorks., meaning to trick, cheat
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slot,</span></span> the track of a stag or deer upon the ground. B. Jonson, Sad
Shepherd, i. 2 (John); to follow a track, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 191.
OF. <span class='it'>esclot</span>, hoof-print of a horse, &amp;c. (Godefroy), probably of Scand. origin,
cp. Icel. <span class='it'>slōð</span>, a track; so NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sloy,</span></span> a term of abuse for a woman. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xi,
ch. 58, st. 26. Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slubber,</span></span> to sully, Othello, i. 3. 227; to obscure, 1 Part of Jeronimo,
ii. 4. 67; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 374. In prov. use for obscuring with
dirt (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slubberdegullion,</span></span> a slubbering rascal (Burlesque). Beaumont and
Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2. 18; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 886.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sludge,</span></span> to turn into a soft mass, ‘The flame had sludgd the pitche,
the waxe and wood And other things that nourish fire’, Golding, Metam.
xiv. 532.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slug,</span></span> to be lazy, inactive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 23; <span class='it'>slogge</span>, Palsgrave;
‘Another sleeps and slugs both night and day’, Quarles, Emblems
(bk. i. 8, Luke vi. 25). ME. <span class='it'>sluggyn</span>, ‘desidio’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slug,</span></span> a slow, inactive person; ‘Fie, what a slug is Hastings, that he
comes not’, Richard III, iii. 1. 22; <span class='it'>slugge</span>, a hindrance, ‘Money would be
stirring, if it were not for this slugge’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 2. ‘<span class='it'>Slug</span>’ is
in prov. use in the north country for a slow inactive person or animal; in
Somerset, esp. of a slow-going horse; ‘to slug’ in Yorks. means to hinder,
to retard progress (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>slugge</span>, ‘deses, segnis’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slur,</span></span> a method of cheating at dice; ‘Without some fingering trick or
slur’, Butler, Misc. Thoughts (ed. Bell, iii. 176). Also, a term in card-playing,
‘ ’Gainst high and low, and slur, and knap’, Butler, Upon
Gaming. See NED. (s.v. Slur, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slurg,</span></span> to lie in a sleepy state, to lie sluggishly. Phaer, Aeneid vi,
424; id., ix. 190. G. (Swabian dial.) <span class='it'>schlurgen</span>, to go about in a slovenly
manner (J. C. Schmid).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='smack'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smack,</span></span> to savour of, to taste of; ‘This veneson smacketh to moche of
the pepper’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘All sects, all ages smack of this vice’,
Meas. for M. ii. 2. 5. ME. <span class='it'>smakkyn</span>, ‘odoro’ (Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#smatch'>smatch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smalach,</span></span> ‘smallage’, wild celery or water parsley, Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 45. 20. ME. <span class='it'>smale ache</span>, ‘apium’ (Sin. Barth. 11), E. <span class='it'>small</span> + F. <span class='it'>ache</span>,
wild celery, O. Prov. <span class='it'>ache</span>, <span class='it'>api</span>, Pop. L. *<span class='it'>apia</span>, L. <span class='it'>apium</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='smatch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smatch,</span></span> a ‘smack’, taste, flavour. Jul. Caesar, v. 4. 46; Middleton,
The Widow, i. 1 (Martino). In prov. use in various parts of England
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>smach</span>, taste, flavour (NED.). OE. <span class='it'>smæc</span>(<span class='it'>c</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#smack'>smack</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smeath,</span></span> a small diving-bird; the ‘smee’ or ‘smew’, <span class='it'>Mergellus albellus</span>.
Drayton, Pol. xxv. 67.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Smeck,</span></span> short for Smectymnuus, a fictitious name compounded of the
initials of the five men who wrote under that name, viz. Stephen Marshall,
Edward Calamy, Thomas Young, Matthew Newcomen, and William
Spurstow. They are said to have worn particular cravats, which Butler
calls <span class='it'>cravat of Smeck</span>, Hud. i. 3. 1166.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smelt,</span></span> a name applied to various small fishes, used (like <span class='it'>gudgeon</span>) with
the sense of simpleton. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury);
Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 2 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smelt,</span></span> a half-guinea (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1
(Hackum).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smicker,</span></span> elegant, handsome; ‘A smicker Swaine’, Lodge, Euphues
(NED.); smirking, gay, Peele, Eclogue Gratulatory, 4 (ed. Dyce, 561).
Cp. the obsolete Scotch <span class='it'>smicker</span>, to smile affectedly, to smirk (EDD.). OE.
<span class='it'>smicer</span>, elegant.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smickly,</span></span> fine, elegant, smart; or it may be used adverbially. Ford,
Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Raybright). Cp. Dan. <span class='it'>smykke</span>, to adorn, G. <span class='it'>schmücken</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smock:</span></span> <span class='it'>He was wrapt up in the tail of his mother’s smock</span>; said of any one
remarkable for his success with the ladies (Grose). See Marston, What
you Will, v. 1 (Bidet). ‘<span class='it'>Il est né tout coiffé</span>, Born rich, honourable,
fortunate; born with his mother’s kercher about his head; wrapt in
his mother’s smock, say we; also, he is very maidenly, shame-faced,
heloe’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smoke,</span></span> to get an inkling of, to smell or suspect (a plot), to detect.
Middleton, Roaring Girl (2 Cutpurse); ‘Sir John, I fear, smokes your
design’, Dryden, Sir M. Mar-all, 1; see NED. (s.v. 8).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smoky,</span></span> quick to suspect, suspicious, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1
(Belfond senior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smolder,</span></span> smoky vapour, a suffocating smoke the result of slow combustion;
‘The smolder of smoke’, Bp. Andrewes, Serm. (ed. 1661, 472); <span class='it'>to
be smoldered</span>, to be suffocated, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 98). ME. <span class='it'>smolder</span>,
smoky vapour (P. Plowman, B. xvii. 321).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smoor,</span></span> to smother. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 44;
‘She smoored him in the slepe’, Coverdale, 1 Kings iii. 19. In prov.
use in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Smoor, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smouch,</span></span> to kiss. Heywood, 1 King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 40;
Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 155). In prov. use in various
parts of England (EDD.). Cp. G. (Swabian dial.) <span class='it'>schmutz</span>, ‘derber Kuss’
(Schmid).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smug,</span></span> to smarten up, to make trim or gay; freq. with <span class='it'>up</span>, Chapman,
tr. of Odyssey, x. 568; Drayton, Pol. x. 69; xxi. 73; Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, iii. 3 (Firk). ‘Smug’ is in prov. use in various parts of England
for smart, tidily dressed: also, as vb., to dress up neatly (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smuggle,</span></span> to hug violently, to smother with caresses, Otway, Ven.
Preserved, last scene; line 13 from end. In prov. use in Somerset and
Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Smuggle, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smug-skinnde,</span></span> sleek, smooth-skinned. Gascoigne, Herbs, ed. Hazlitt,
i. 393.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snache;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#snatch'>snatch</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>’snails,</span></span> a profane oath, for ‘God’s nails’, i.e. ‘Christ’s nails’ on the
Cross. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey); London
Prodigal, v. 1. 222. Cp. Chaucer, ‘By goddes precious herte, and by his
nayles’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 651).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snakes:</span></span> To <span class='it'>eat snakes</span> was a recipe for enabling one to grow younger.
Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, i. 2 (Orlando); Beaumont and Fl., Elder
Brother, iv. 4 (Andrew).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snaphance,</span></span> a flint-lock used in muskets and pistols, Lyly, Mother
Bombie, ii. 1 (Dromio); a musket or gun fitted with a flint-lock, Capt.
Smith, Virginia, iii. 12. 93 (NED.). Du. <span class='it'>snaphaan</span>, ‘a firelock, fusee,
snaphaunce’ (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snaphance,</span></span> an armed robber, a highwayman. Holinshed, Chron. ii. 684.
Du. ‘<span class='it'>snaphaan</span>, a Fuselier carrying a <span class='it'>snaphaan</span>’ (Sewel), also a mounted
highwayman. Cp. G. <span class='it'>schnapphahn</span> in 1494, <span class='it'>schnapphan</span>, a highwayman
(Brant, Narrenschiff); <span class='it'>schnapphahn</span> in prov. Germ. has also the meaning of
constable, thief-catcher. See Weigand and H. Paul (s.v.). Cp. F. <span class='it'>chenapan</span>,
‘mot tiré de l’Allemand, où il désigne un brigand des Montagnes noires;
en François, il signifie un vaurien, un bandit’, Dict. de l’Acad., 1762.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snapper,</span></span> to trip, to stumble. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 4; id.,
Ware the Hauke, 142; ‘I snapper as a horse dothe that tryppeth,
<span class='it'>Je trippette</span>’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Snapper,
vb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>snapere</span>, to stumble: ‘Thi foot schal not snapere’ (Wyclif,
Prov. iii. 23); <span class='it'>snapir</span> (Wars Alex. 847).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snar,</span></span> to snarl; ‘Tygres that did seeme to gren And snar at all’,
Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. Du. <span class='it'>snarren</span>, to snarl (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snarl,</span></span> to ensnare, entangle. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 17; J. Beaumont,
Psyche, ix. 275; Palsgrave. A north-country word for snaring hares
or rabbits, see EDD. (s.v. Snarl, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2). ME. <span class='it'>snarlyn</span>, ‘illaqueo’
(Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='snatch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snatch,</span></span> a trap, snare, entanglement; ‘The Chevalier .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. being taken
in a Gin like unto a Snatch’, Shelton, Quixote, iii. 1; spelt <span class='it'>snache</span>, ‘A
new-founde snache which did my feet ensnare’. Mirror for Mag., Carassus,
st. 43. ME. <span class='it'>snacche</span>, a trap, snare (K. Alis. 6559).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sneaker,</span></span> a sneaking fellow; ‘Clarke is a pitifull proud sneaker’,
Reliq. Hearnianae (ed. Bliss, 483); ‘<span class='it'>Origlione</span>, an eavesdropper, a listener,
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. a sneaker, a lurking knave’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sneap,</span></span> to nip or pinch with cold; ‘An envious sneaping Frost’
L. L. L. i. 1. 100; ‘The sneaped birds’, Lucrece, 333. In prov. use in
the north of England: ‘They’n do well if they dunna get sneaped wi’ the
frost’ (Cheshire), see EDD. (s.v. Snape, vb. 2). Also, to check, repress,
reprove, chide, snub, Brome, Antipodes, iv. 9 (NED.); ‘A man quickly
sneapt’, Maiden’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Servant), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 428.
In prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snaip</span>, to rebuke sharply (Cursor M. 13027),
Icel. <span class='it'>sneypa</span>, to chide (NED. s.v. Snape, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sneb'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sneb,</span></span> to reprimand sharply, Sidney, Arcadia, xxxiii. 22; <span class='it'>snebbe</span>, Spenser,
Shep. Kal., Feb., 126. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.). In Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 525, some MSS. have <span class='it'>snebbe</span>. Swed. dial. <span class='it'>snebba</span> (Rietz). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#snib'>snib</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sneck up;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#snick'>snick</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snetched,</span></span> slaughtered; ‘A snetched Oxe’, Golding, Metam. v. 122
(Lat. <span class='it'>mactati iuuenci</span>). Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='snib'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snib,</span></span> to reprimand, rebuke sharply; ‘Christian snibbeth his fellow for
unadvised speaking’, Bunyan, Pilgr. Pr. i. 169; Middleton, Five Gallants,
ii. 3 (Tailor); Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 372; to snip off, as with snuffers,
Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole). In prov. use, in the sense
of rebuking sharply, in Scotland and north of England down to Bedford
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snibben</span>, to rebuke (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 523). Dan. <span class='it'>snibbe</span>.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#sneb'>sneb</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='snick'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snick:</span></span> <span class='it'>snick up</span> (used imperatively), be hanged! London Prodigal, v.
1; Middleton, Blurt, Master Constable, iv. 1; <span class='it'>Snecke up!</span>, Twelfth Nt. ii.
3. 101; also used with <span class='it'>go</span>, ‘Let him go snick up’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt.
Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Davenant, Play-House (Works,
ed. 1673, 116). ‘Snick up!’, in the sense of ‘Begone, go and be hanged’, is
said to be in use in west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Snickup, int. 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snickfail;</span></span> ‘Whereas the snickfail grows, and hyacinth’, Webster,
The Thracian Wonder, i. 2. A misprint for <span class='it'>sinckfoil</span> = <span class='it'>cinquefoil</span>; cp. Greene,
Menaphon (ed. Arber, 36); see NED. (s.v. Cinquefoil). Communicated
by Mr. Percy Simpson.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snickle,</span></span> a running noose. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (Ithamar).
In prov. use in the north and east, esp. in Yorks. and Linc. (EDD.).
Here, for ‘snicle hand too fast’ we should probably read ‘two hands
snickle-fast’, see various conjectures in Tucker Brooke’s ed. of Marlowe.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snig,</span></span> a young eel. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 96. In prov. use in various parts
of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snygge</span>, an eel (Cath. Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sniggle,</span></span> to fish for eels by means of a baited hook or needle thrust
into their holes or haunts. I. Walton, Angler, ch. x. [In the passage
cited by Todd and later Dicts. from Fletcher’s Thierry, ii. 2, ‘I have
snigled him’, the correct reading is doubtless ‘singled’, so NED.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snob,</span></span> to sob. Puritan Widow, i. 1. 90; Middleton, Mad World, iii. 2.
In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snobbe</span>, to sob; ‘My sobbyng
(v.r. snobbyng) and cries’ (Wyclif, Lam. iii. 56).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snudge,</span></span> a miser, a mean person; ‘A covetous snudge’, Ascham,
Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 28); Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 2 (Shadow);
‘Snudge, <span class='it'>parcus</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snudge,</span></span> to remain snug and quiet; ‘Now he will .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. eat his bread in
peace, And snudge in quiet’, G. Herbert, Temple, Giddinesse, 11. In
prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snuff:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to take</span> (<span class='it'>a thing</span>) <span class='it'>in snuff</span>, to take (a matter) amiss, to take
offence at; ‘Mr. Mills .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. should take it in snuffe that my wife did not
come to his child’s christening’, Pepys, Diary, 1661, Oct. 6; ‘Who therewith
angry .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Took it in snuff’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 41; <span class='it'>to take snuff at</span>, to
take offence at a thing, Fuller, Joseph’s Coat (ed. 1867, 51). ‘Snuff’ in
these phrases refers probably to the act of ‘snuffing’ as an expression of
contempt or disdain, see NED. (s.v. sb.<sup>2</sup> 1), and EDD. (s.v. sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='soader'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soader,</span></span> to ‘solder’, cement together. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 34;
<span class='it'>sodder</span>, Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Janir).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='soar-falcon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soar-falcon,</span></span> a falcon or hawk of the first year that has not moulted
and still has its red plumage; ‘Of the soare faulcon so I learne to fly’,
Spenser, Hymn Heav. Beauty, 26; Latham, Falconry, 37; see Nares (s.v.
Sore-Hawk). F. <span class='it'>Faulcon sor</span>, a soar Hawk; <span class='it'>Harenc sor</span>, a red Herring
(Cotgr., s.v. Sor). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>sor</span>, reddish brown (Rough List). O. Prov.
<span class='it'>sor</span>, <span class='it'>saur</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>sauro</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sore1'>sore</a></span> (a buck).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sod,</span></span> boiled; <span class='it'>pret.</span> of ‘seethe’; ‘Sod Euphrates .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. sod Orontes’, Golding,
Metam. ii. 248. The reference is to the boiling of rivers during the
mad career of Phaethon; Ovid has ‘Arsit et Euphrates’, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sodder;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#soader'>soader</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soggy,</span></span> soaked with moisture, soppy; hence, heavy (like damp and
green hay). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (Mitis). In prov.
use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Sog, sb.<sup>2</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soil,</span></span> a miry or muddy place used by a wild boar for wallowing in;
‘<span class='it'>Sueil</span>, the soyle of a wild Bore, the mire wherein hee commonly
walloweth; <span class='it'>se souiller</span> (of a swine), to take soyle, or wallow in the mire’,
Cotgrave. The phr. ‘to take soil’ corresponds to F. <span class='it'>prendre souille</span>. <span class='it'>Souille</span>
is a deriv. from <span class='it'>souiller</span>, to soil with mud, Romanic type *<span class='it'>soc’lare</span>, deriv. of
L. <span class='it'>sŭcula</span>, a little sow.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='soil2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soil,</span></span> a pool or stretch of water, used as a refuge by a hunted deer or
other animal, Turbervile, Hunting, 241; <span class='it'>to take soil</span>, to take to the water,
as a hunted deer, id., 148; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarl); Dekker,
Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 6. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soil,</span></span> to expound, explain, to resolve a doubt; ‘I have not learned to
soyle no riedles’, Udall, tr. Apoph. 309 (NED.); ‘<span class='it'>Souldre</span>, to cleere or
soile a doubt’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>soiler</span>, OF. <span class='it'>soldre</span>, L. <span class='it'>solvere</span>, to loosen,
to explain.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soil,</span></span> to absolve from sin, ‘I soyle from synne, <span class='it'>je assouls</span>’, Palsgrave.
For <span class='it'>assoil</span>, Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assoiler</span>, to absolve, pardon (Rough List); OF. <span class='it'>assoldre</span>,
L. <span class='it'>absolvere</span>; see Moisy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sokingly,</span></span> slowly, gently, gradually; ‘Sokingly, one pece after an
other’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 32. ME. <span class='it'>sokingly</span>, ‘sensim, paulatim’
(Prompt. EETS. 147); ‘By good leyser sokingly, and nat over hastily’
(Chaucer. C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2767).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Sol,</span></span> the sun. Peele, Poems (ed. Routledge, p. 601); an alchemist’s
term for gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sol'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sol,</span></span> a small coin, B. Jonson, Volpone, iv. 2 (Bonario); Marmion, The
Antiquary, iii. 1 (Ant.). OF. <span class='it'>sol</span>; L. <span class='it'>solidus</span> (sc. <span class='it'>nummus</span>), a gold coin (in
the time of the emperors).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='solayne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>solayne,</span></span> sullen, melancholy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 16, 1. 51; <span class='it'>soleyne</span>,
id., Bowge of Courte, 187; <span class='it'>solein</span>, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 213. ME.
<span class='it'>soleyn</span>, of maners or he þat lovyth no company, ‘solitarius, Acheronicus’.
(Prompt. EETS. 421); ‘The soleyn fenix of Arabye’ (Chaucer, Boke
Duch. 982).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sold,</span></span> pay, remuneration, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 6. Med. L. <span class='it'>soldum</span>, pay,
related to L. <span class='it'>solidus</span>, a piece of money; see <span class='bold'><a href='#sol'>sol</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soldado,</span></span> a soldier. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 (<span class='it'>or</span> 1) (Downright).
Span. <span class='it'>soldado</span>, one who is paid; a soldier; deriv. of Med. L. <span class='it'>soldum</span>,
pay. See above. See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soldan,</span></span> the supreme ruler of a Mohammedan country, Marlowe,
1 Tamburlaine, iii. 2. 31; Milton, P. L. i. 764. ME. <span class='it'>soldan</span> (Gower, C. A.
i. 245); Ital. <span class='it'>soldano</span>; Arab, <span class='it'>sulṭân</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sole;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sowl'>sowl</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>solein;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#solayne'>solayne</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>solf,</span></span> to sing the notes of the <span class='it'>sol-fa</span>, or gamut; to sing. Calisto and
Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 71; <span class='it'>solfe</span>, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 415.
ME. <span class='it'>solfe</span> (P. Plowman, B. v. 423).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>solidare,</span></span> a small piece of money. Timon, iii. 1. 46. Not found
elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sollar,</span></span> an upper room. Udall, tr. Erasmus, Acts xx. 8 (= ὑπερῷον,
<span class='it'>cenaculum</span>); a loft, ‘Sollars full of wheat’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 1
(Barabas). The word is still in prov. use in various parts of England with
many meanings: esp. an upper room, a first-floor apartment; loft or
garret (EDD.). The Gk. word ὑπερῷον (Vulg. <span class='it'>cenaculumm</span>) in Acts xx. 8 is
rendered by <span class='it'>soler</span> in Wyclif’s tr. (Luther has <span class='it'>söller</span>). In the Heliand and
in Tatian <span class='it'>soleri</span> = ‘cenaculum’. ME. <span class='it'>solere</span> or lofte, ‘solarium’ (Prompt.);
‘Soler-halle at Cantebregge’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3990, see Notes); OE.
<span class='it'>solor</span> (<span class='it'>soler</span>-); L. <span class='it'>solarium</span>, a part of the house exposed to the sun, esp. a flat
house-top (Vulgate, 2 Sam. xi. 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>somedele,</span></span> somewhat, in some measure, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 40.
In prov. use in Scotland, Yorks., Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Some, 1 (3)).
ME. <span class='it'>somdel</span>, in some measure (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3911).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='somer'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>somer,</span></span> a ‘summer’, a supporting beam, a support. Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, § 5. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Summer, sb.<sup>2</sup>). F. <span class='it'>sommier</span>,
‘the piece of timber called a Summer’ (Cotgr.); OF. <span class='it'>somier</span>, a
pack-horse (Burguy); Med. L. <span class='it'>saumarius</span>, <span class='it'>sagmarius</span>, ‘equus clitellarius’
(Ducange); deriv. of <span class='it'>sagma</span>, a pack, burden; Gk. σάγμα. See Dict. (s.v.
Sumpter). For the development of meaning from ‘a kind of horse’ to
a ‘timber-beam’, cp. F. <span class='it'>poutre</span>, (1) a filly, (2) a supporting beam.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>somner,</span></span> an official summoner. Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1
(Lucre). ME. <span class='it'>somner</span> (P. Plowman, C. iii. 59); <span class='it'>somnour</span>, summoner,
apparitor, an officer who summoned delinquents before the ecclesiastical
courts (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 543).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sonde,</span></span> a sending, a messenger. Morte Arthur, leaf 420, back, 13;
bk. xxi, c. 1. OE. <span class='it'>sand</span> (<span class='it'>sond</span>), a sending, message.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sonties:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>by God’s sonties</span>, an oath used by old Gobbo in Merch.
Ven. ii. 1. 17. The same as <span class='it'>God’s santy</span>, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, v. 2
(Bellafront). Adapted from OF. <span class='it'>saintée</span>, <span class='it'>sancteit</span>, sanctity, holiness
(Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soop,</span></span> to sweep; ‘A sooping traine’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2
(Judicio); <span class='it'>sooping it</span>, sweeping alone; id., v. 1 (Studioso). Icel. <span class='it'>sōpa</span>,
to sweep.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sooreyn'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sooreyn,</span></span> jaded feeling, exhaustion; ‘Abundance breedes the sooreyn
of excesse’, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 286. A back-formation
from the verb <span class='it'>to surrein</span>, to overtire. See <span class='bold'><a href='#surreined'>surreined</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soote,</span></span> sweetly, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 111; also sweet, Surrey,
Description of Spring, 1. ME. <span class='it'>sote</span>, sweetly (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2612),
OE. <span class='it'>swōte</span>, sweetly. Chaucer has also <span class='it'>sote</span> as adj. sweet (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1), but the
OE. adj. is <span class='it'>swēte</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sooterkin,</span></span> an imaginary kind of afterbirth formerly attributed to
Dutch women; ‘There goes a report of the Holland Women that together
with their children they are delivered of a Sooterkin, not unlike a Rat,
which some imagine to be the Offspring of the Stoves’, Cleveland (NED.);
Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 146. [Swift to Delany (Works, ed. 1755, III. ii. 232);
Pope, Dunciad, i. 126; ‘Sooterkin, <span class='it'>maankalf</span>’, Calisch.] See <span class='bold'><a href='#mooncalf'>mooncalf</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sooth,</span></span> to declare a statement to be true, to corroborate it. Udall,
Roister Doister, i. 1. 47; to support a person in a statement, ‘Sooth me
in all I say’, Massinger, Duke Milan, v. 2; <span class='it'>to sooth up</span>, ‘Sooth me in all
I say’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 10. 19. The same word as <span class='it'>soothe</span>, OE.
<span class='it'>sōðian</span>, to show to be true. The pronunciation of the verb is due to the
sb. <span class='it'>sooth</span>, OE. <span class='it'>sōð</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sophie,</span></span> wisdom; ‘The seuenfold sophie of Minerue’, Grimald, Death
of Zoroas, 67; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. Gk. σοφία.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sops-in-wine,</span></span> a name given to some kind of gilliflower or pink.
Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 138; B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd,
l. 6). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sord,</span></span> ‘sward’, turf. Milton, P. L. xi. 433; <span class='it'>greene-sord</span>, green sward,
Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 157 (so Fol. 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sore1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sore,</span></span> a buck of the fourth year. Phaer, Aeneid x. 725 (L. <span class='it'>cervum</span>).
‘The bucke .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. the iij. yere a sowrell, A <span class='it'>sowre</span> at the iiij. yere’, Book of
St. Albans, fol. e, iiij.</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>sorel,</span> a buck of the third year; ‘Sorell jumps from thicket’, L. L. L.
iv. 2. 60; ‘Sorell, a yonge bucke’, Palsgrave; see NED. (s.v. Sorrel, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>sorel</span>, a reddish-brown horse (Ch. Rol. 1379), deriv. of <span class='it'>sor</span> (id.,
1943). See <span class='bold'><a href='#soar-falcon'>soar-falcon</a>.</span></p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sore.</span></span> Of the hare: to traverse open ground, ‘I might see [the hare]
sore and resore’, i.e. dart off, first in one direction and then in another,
Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (end). ‘When he gooth the howndys before,
He sorth and resorth’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 8, back.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sore,</span></span> to make sore, to hurt. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 38.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sort,</span></span> a company, assemblage of people: Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 13;
Richard II, iv. 1. 246; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 5; Ps. lxii. 3 (Great Bible, 1539);
rank, degree, ‘A gentleman of great sort’, Hen. V, iv. 7. 143; <span class='it'>of sorts</span>, of
various kinds, ‘They have a king and officers of sorts’ (id., i. 2. 190).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>sort</span>, company, assemblage (Gower, Mirour, 16800).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sortilege,</span></span> a drawing of lots. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. 1, § 18. F.
<span class='it'>sortilège</span>, L. <span class='it'>sortilegium</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soss,</span></span> to make oneself wet and dirty, to dabble; ‘Sossing and possing,
dabbling in mire’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle; i. 4 (Hodge); <span class='it'>sost</span>, pp. made
wet and dirty, Tusser, Husbandry, § 48. 20. In prov. use in various parts
of the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Soss, vb.<sup>2</sup> and vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sothbind.</span></span> ‘But late medcynes can help no sothbynde sore’, Mirror
for Mag., Richard, st. 10 (ed. 1578 has: ‘no <span class='it'>festered</span> sore’). Not found
elsewhere. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<a id='sothery'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sothery.</span></span> The devils are described as having—‘Theyr taylles wel
kempt, and, as I wene, With sothery butter theyr bodyes anoynted’,
Heywood, The Four Plays, v. 87, Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 18, col. 2; Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, i. 376. Does it mean ‘Surrey butter’? Surrey is spelt <span class='it'>Sothery</span>
in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 269; and <span class='it'>Sothray</span> in Skelton, El. Rummyng, 96.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souce;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#souse1'>souse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soud,</span></span> to consolidate, make whole. Pp. <span class='it'>souded</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 359.
20; bk. xvii, c. 19. F. <span class='it'>souder</span>, to consolidate; L. <span class='it'>solidare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souder,</span></span> to be soldered together, to become whole; ‘The pecys .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
soudered as fayr as euer they were to-fore’, Morte Arthur, leaf 348. 12;
bk. xvii, c. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soul,</span></span> a part of the viscera of a cooked fowl. Heywood, Eng. Traveller,
ii. 1 (Clown). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8). ‘<span class='it'>Âme</span>, the soule of a capon
or gose’, Palsgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Mazzacáre</span>, the tender part of any bird or fowl, in
a Goose it is called the Soul’ (Florio). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8) and
Notes and Queries (8th S. ii. 169).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souling,</span></span> relishing, affording a relish; <span class='it'>souling well</span>, affording a good
relish, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 32. Cp. the north country
prov. word <span class='it'>sowl</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, a relish, dainty, anything eaten with bread (EDD.).
OE. <span class='it'>sufl</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sound'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sound,</span></span> to swoon, Two Angry Women, iii. 2 (Francis); Heywood,
Four Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 181; a swoon, ‘a deadly sound’, id., Fair
Maid of the Exchange (Anthony), vol. ii, p. 15; Udall, Roister Doister,
iii. 3. 94; ‘She fell into a traunce or sownde’, Stubbes, A Christall Glasse
(ed. Furnivall, 202). In common prov. use in Scotland, also in England
in various parts, esp. in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Sound, vb.<sup>2</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sowne2'>sowne</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sounder,</span></span> a herd of wild swine. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iv. 163;
Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); ‘That men calleth a trip of
a tame swyn is called of wylde swyn a soundre, that is to say ȝif ther be
passyd v or vi togedres’ (Halliwell). OE. <span class='it'>sunor</span>: ‘sunor bergana’ (Luke viii.
32, Lind.) = ‘grex porcorum’ (Vulg.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sourd,</span></span> to arise. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; Fabyan’s
Chron., ed. 1811, p. 436; p. 499, l. 23. ME. <span class='it'>sourde</span>, to arise (Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 475); F. <span class='it'>sourdre</span>; L. <span class='it'>surgere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sous, souse,</span></span> a ‘sou’, a small coin. Farquhar, The Inconstant, i. 2
(Old Mirabel); Prior, Down Hall, st. 33. [‘Those most heav’nly pictures
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. For which the nation paid down every souse’, Peter Pindar, Works
(ed. 1816, p. 397).] An obsolete Scotch word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='souse1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souse,</span></span> to swoop down like a hawk. Heywood, Dialogue, 181 (Mercury),
vol. vi, p. 247; to deal a heavy downward blow, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 6;
Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules); the downward swoop of a bird of prey,
the sudden blow given by a ‘sousing’ hawk, Drayton, Pol. xx. 241; Heywood,
A Woman Killed, i. 3. 2; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). The
word as applied in falconry meant originally the upward spring or swoop
of a bird of prey; an older form was <span class='it'>sours</span>; OF. <span class='it'>sorse</span> (mod. <span class='it'>source</span>), lit. the
‘rise’ of the hawk; cp. Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1938, and Hous Fame, ii. 36.
See Dict. (s.v. Souse), and Notes on Eng. Etym. 275.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='souse2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souse,</span></span> brine for pickle. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, ii. 1 (Normandine);
ears and feet of a pig in pickle, Tusser, Husbandry, § 12;
Butler, Hud. i. 2. 120; hence <span class='it'>souse-wife</span> (<span class='it'>sowce-wife</span>), a woman who sold
‘souse’, Greene, George-a-Greene (ed. Dyce. 257); Dekker, Shoemakers’
Hol. ii. 3 (Firk). ME. <span class='it'>sowce</span>, ‘succidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 424, see note,
no. 2063); OF. <span class='it'>sous</span> (<span class='it'>souz</span>), see Godefroy (s.v. Soult, 2); cp. OHG. <span class='it'>sulza</span>
(Schade), O. Prov. <span class='it'>soltz</span>, ‘viande à la vinaigrette’ (Levy); Ital. <span class='it'>solcio</span>, a
seasoning of meat (Florio). Cp. also OF. <span class='it'>solcier</span>, ‘confire de la viande
dans du vinaigre et des épices’ (Raschi). See note on ‘Solz’, in Romania,
1910, p. 176.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sovenance,</span></span> remembrance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 8; Shep. Kal., May,
82, Nov., 5. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>sovenance</span> (Gower, Mirour, 8244); F. <span class='it'>souvenance</span>,
‘memorie, remembrance’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sovereign,</span></span> a gold coin, a ten-shilling piece. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out
of Humour, v. 7 (Fallace).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sow,</span></span> a large lump of metal; ‘Sowes of gold’, Mirror for Mag., King
Chirinnus, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘<span class='it'>Pano di metallo</span>, a mass, a sow or ingot of metal’
(Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowce-wife;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#souse2'>souse</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sow-gard,</span></span> a protecting shield or shelter (= L. <span class='it'>testudo</span>). Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, ii. 451. A sow was a military engine consisting of a movable
roof arranged to protect men handling a battering-ram or advancing to
scale walls.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sowl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowl,</span></span> to pull by the ears. Coriolanus, iv. 5. 213 (old edd. <span class='it'>sole</span>); spelt
<span class='it'>sole</span>, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, iv. 1 (Vulcan); vol. v, p. 137. ‘Sowl’ is in
prov. use in many spellings (<span class='it'>soul</span>, <span class='it'>sool</span>, <span class='it'>sole</span>, <span class='it'>soal</span>, <span class='it'>saul</span>), meaning to pull by
the ears, also to hit on the head, see EDD. (s.v. Sowl, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowne, soune,</span></span> a sound, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 2;
c. 13, § 4; to sound, ‘Sowning through the sky’, Tottel’s Misc., p. 202.
ME. <span class='it'>sowne</span> (<span class='it'>soune</span>), to sound (Chaucer). F. <span class='it'>son</span>, sound; <span class='it'>sonner</span>, to sound.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sowne2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowne,</span></span> to swoon, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 483; a swoon, Puritan Widow,
i. 3. 42. In prov. use for swoon, see EDD. (s.v. Sound, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME.
<span class='it'>sownyn</span>, ‘sincopo’ (Prompt. EETS. 324). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sound'>sound</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowse;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#souse2'>souse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowter, souter,</span></span> a cobbler. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 (Rosalura);
Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Mad Lover, ii. 1. 22. In prov. use
in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>souter</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3904); OE.
<span class='it'>sūtere</span>; L. <span class='it'>sutor</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soyle,</span></span> the watery place in which a hunted animal takes refuge.
Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; p. 115. Used to signify the hunted animal;
Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 16. See <span class='bold'><a href='#soil2'>soil</a></span> (pool).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>space,</span></span> to walk or roam about. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>spaziare</span>,
to walk about (<span class='it'>spatiare</span> in Florio). L. <span class='it'>spatiari</span>, whence also O. Prov. <span class='it'>espasiar</span>,
reflex, ‘se promener’ (Levy), and G. <span class='it'>spazieren</span>. Cp. Med. L. ‘<span class='it'>Spatiamentum</span>,
ambulatio, deambulatio, animi relaxatio’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='spade'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spade,</span></span> to make a female animal barren, to ‘spay’. Chapman. Widow’s
Tears, v (Governor). Med. L. <span class='it'>spadare</span>, ‘spadonem facere’ (Ducange),
deriv. of L. <span class='it'>spado</span>, Gk. σπάδων, one who has no generative power, eunuch.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#spay'>spay</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='spade-bone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spade-bone,</span></span> blade-bone, shoulder-bone. Drayton, Pol. v. 266; Skinner
(ann. 1671). In prov. use (EDD.). <span class='it'>Spade</span> = Norm. F. <span class='it'>espalde</span>, ‘épaule’
(Moisy). For the phonology cp. jade = Icel. <span class='it'>jalda</span>, a mare, through OF.
*<span class='it'>jaude</span>, *<span class='it'>jalde</span>. See below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spalle,</span></span> a shoulder. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ‘Spawl’ (‘spaul’) is in
prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spaul). OF. <span class='it'>espalle</span>, <span class='it'>espalde</span> (F. <span class='it'>épaule</span>),
Med. L. <span class='it'>spatula</span>, a shoulder-blade, L. <span class='it'>spatula</span>, a broad-bladed knife. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#spade-bone'>spade-bone</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>span-counter,</span></span> a boys’ game. One boy throws down a counter,
which another wins, if he can throw another so as to hit it or lie within
a span of it. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 3; Northward Ho, i. 2 (Philip). See
Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spang,</span></span> a spangle. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1162; Bacon, Essay 37.
Hence <span class='it'>spang’d</span>, spangled, Three Lords and Three Ladies (Shealty), in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 467.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Spanish fig,</span></span> a poisoned fig. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed.
Dyce, p. 30.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Spanish needle,</span></span> a needle of the best quality. Middleton, Blurt,
Mr. Constable, ii. 1. 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Spanish pike,</span></span> a needle; jocosely. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Folly).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spare, spaire, spayre,</span></span> an opening or slit in a gown or petticoat.
<span class='it'>Spayre</span>, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 345; ‘<span class='it'>Sparre</span> of a gowne, <span class='it'>fente de la robe</span>’,
Palsgrave; Skene, Difficill Scottish Words (ann. 1681). ME. <span class='it'>speyre</span> of
garment, ‘cluniculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 427, see note, no. 2083); <span class='it'>spayre</span>,
‘manubium, cluniculum’ (Cath. Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='Spargirica'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Spargirica,</span></span> a name for Alchemy; ‘Ars Spagyrica’ (misspelt), B. Jonson,
Alchemist, ii. 5 (ed. 1616). Ital. <span class='it'>Spargirica</span>, a name given to Alchemy
from its separating and analysing chemical substances (Fanfani). Cotgrave
has ‘<span class='it'>Spargirie</span>, Alchymie’, and ‘<span class='it'>Spargirique</span>, an Alchemist’. Florio has
‘<span class='it'>Spargirio</span>, Alchymy or the Extraction of Quintessences’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spark,</span></span> a diamond. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Rolliardo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sparkle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sparkle,</span></span> to scatter, disperse. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal Subject, i. 5.
4; Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius); <span class='it'>sparkling</span>, scattering, Bonduca,
iii. 2 (near the end). See Nares, and Trench’s Select Glossary (ed. 1890).
In prov. use in Yorks. (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#disparkle'>disparkle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sparse,</span></span> to scatter. Fairfax, Tasso, xii. 46; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi.
268. L. <span class='it'>spars-us</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>spargere</span>, to scatter. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sperse'>sperse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spaw,</span></span> a spa, place with mineral waters; ‘Your Tunbridge, or the
Spaw itself’, B. Jonson, News from the New World (1 Herald); <span class='it'>The Spawe</span>,
Gascoigne, Works, i. 376 (1572). So named from <span class='it'>Spa</span>, in Belgium.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='spay'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spay,</span></span> to render female animals barren; ‘Geld your loose wits, and
let your Muse be spay’d’, Cleveland (Johnson’s Dict.). Anglo-F. *<span class='it'>espayer</span>
(OF. <span class='it'>espeër</span>) &lt; Med. L. <span class='it'>spadare</span>, to deprive of generative power (Ducange).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#spade'>spade</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>speed,</span></span> to dispatch, destroy, kill; ‘With a speeding thrust his heart he
found’, Dryden (Johnson); <span class='it'>sped</span>, pp. done for, Romeo, iii. 1. 94; Merch.
Ven. ii. 9. 72; <span class='it'>speeding-place</span>, the place where a wound is fatal, and the
man is sped. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Quadratus); Chapman,
Widow’s Tears, i (Tharsalio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spence,</span></span> expense; ‘Spence, cost, <span class='it'>despence</span>’, Palsgrave; Ascham, Toxophilus,
122. ME. <span class='it'>spense</span>, spendynge, ‘dispensa’, Voc. 578. 45; <span class='it'>spence</span>, or
expence (Prompt. EETS. 427).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spence,</span></span> a buttery, a larder; ‘Spens, a buttrye, <span class='it'>despencier</span>’, Palgrave;
<span class='it'>spence</span>, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 35 (Taverner). In prov.
use in Scotland and the north country, meaning a larder, pantry, store-cupboard,
see EDD. (s.v. Spense). ME. <span class='it'>spence</span>, botery, ‘promptuarium’
(Prompt. EETS. 427).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sperage,</span></span> ‘the herb asparagus; it is so called by Gerard, and all the
old botanists, as its English name’ (Nares). North, tr. Plutarch, Jul.
Caesar, § 16 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 58); Sylv. Du Bartas, Furies (Nares);
Haven of Health, c. xxiii, p. 45 (id.). A Glouc. form (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>sperage</span>, asparagus (Palladius, Husbandry, 112).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spere,</span></span> used in the sense of a youth, a stripling; ‘A lusty spere’,
Skelton, Magnyfycence, 947; Poems ag. Garnesche, iii. 41. Prob. a <span class='it'>fig.</span>
use of ‘spere’, a young shoot or sprout, still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v.
Spear, sb.<sup>1</sup> 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='spere2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spere, speer,</span></span> to shoot, sprout, a term in malting, Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 84. 5. See <span class='bold'><a href='#spire'>spire</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sperhauk,</span></span> sparrowhawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 301. 34; bk. xii, c. 7.
Cp. OE. <span class='it'>spearhafoc</span> (Voc. 132. 26); <span class='it'>spearwa</span>, sparrow + <span class='it'>hafoc</span>, hawk.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sperre,</span></span> to shut, fasten, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224; Tr. and Cr.,
Prol. 19 (Theobald’s emendation); ‘I sperre, <span class='it'>Je ferme</span>. This verbe is of
the northyrne langaige and nat commynly in use’, Palsgrave. <span class='it'>Spear</span>, ‘to
bar or fasten a door’, is a Northumbrian word, see EDD. (s.v. Speer, vb.
6. 2); ‘To <span class='it'>sper</span>, to shut, to fasten a door with a bar of wood’ (Jamieson).
ME. <span class='it'>sperre</span>, ‘claudere’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>sperred</span>, barred (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr.
v. 521). Cp. G. <span class='it'>sperren</span>, to shut (in or out).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sperse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sperse,</span></span> to scatter, ‘disperse’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 39; v. 3. 37.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spertle,</span></span> to sprinkle with fluid, Drayton, Pol. ii. 283. In prov. use in
the Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. Spirtle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spheres.</span></span> Peacham, Compl. Gentleman, c. 7, gives the old eleven
spheres: ‘The eleventh heaven is the habitation of God and his angels.
The tenth, the first moover [<span class='it'>primum mobile</span>]. The ninth, the Christalline
heaven. The eighth, the starry firmament. Then the seven planets in
their order’ [viz. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon].
In the Ptolemaic astronomy, the sun went round the earth, which was
the immovable centre of the universe.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spial,</span></span> a spy. Bacon, Essay 44. In some edd. for <span class='it'>espial</span> in 1 Hen. VI,
i. 4. 8; <span class='it'>spials</span>, spies, Marl. 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 2. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#espial'>espial</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='spice'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spice,</span></span> a species, kind, sort. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 1, §§ 1,
3; ‘Spyce, a kynde, <span class='it'>espece</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>spice</span>, species, kind: ‘Absteyne
you fro yvel spice’ (Wyclif, 1 Thess. v. 22); ‘The spices (v.r. speces) of
envye ben these’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 490). OF. <span class='it'>espice</span>, a species, L. <span class='it'>species</span>,
a kind, sort (Vulgate, 1 Thess. v. 22).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spiced,</span></span> scrupulous, over-nice, too particular; ‘Out of a scruple he took
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. in spiced conscience’, B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Sejanus,
v. 4 (Sej.); Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 1 (Cleanthe). See note on
Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 526. See <span class='bold'><a href='#spice'>spice</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spick,</span></span> lard. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 335. In Scotland the fat of
animals, the blubber of whales (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>spyke</span> or fette flesch, ‘popa’
(Prompt. EETS. 428). Icel. <span class='it'>spik</span>, the fat of seals or whales, cp. OE. <span class='it'>spic</span>,
fat bacon; G. <span class='it'>speck</span>, bacon, lard.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spilt,</span></span> (perhaps) inlaid with thin slips. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 5. See
EDD. (s.v. Spill, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spilth,</span></span> a spilling, pouring out. Used of wine, Timon, ii. 2. 169. A
Scottish word; also in use in Suffolk (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spinet,</span></span> a spinny, a copse, thicket. B. Jonson, The Satyr, first stage-direction.
L. <span class='it'>spinetum</span>, a thicket of thorns; from <span class='it'>spina</span>, thorn.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spinner,</span></span> a spider. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Mids.
Night’s D. ii. 2. 21; Romeo, i. 4. 59; ‘Spynner or spyder, <span class='it'>herigne</span>’, Palsgrave;
‘<span class='it'>Araigne</span>, a spider or spinner’, Cotgrave. In prov. use (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>spynner</span>, ‘arania’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spintry,</span></span> a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius).
L. <span class='it'>spintria</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spiny,</span></span> slender. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 (1 Puritan); A Mad
World, iii. 2. 7. Cp. prov. words <span class='it'>spindly</span>, <span class='it'>spindling</span>, <span class='it'>spindle</span>, meaning
slender, see EDD. (s.v. Spindle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='spire'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spire,</span></span> to sprout, shoot forth. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 52. In prov. use,
see EDD. (s.v. Spire, vb.<sup>1</sup> 8). ME. <span class='it'>spyryn</span>, as corn or odyre lyk, ‘spico’;
<span class='it'>spyre</span> of corne (Prompt. EETS. 429 and 463). OE. <span class='it'>spīr</span> (Leechdoms), cp.
Dan. <span class='it'>spire</span>, a germ, sprout. See <span class='bold'><a href='#spere2'>spere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spirget,</span></span> a wooden peg on which to hang things; ‘There hung a Bowle
of Beech upon a <span class='it'>spirget</span> by a ring’, Golding, Metam. viii. 653. ‘Spurget’
is in prov. use in the north country, E. Anglia, and Sussex for an iron
hook, see EDD. (s.v. Sperket).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spirt,</span></span> to shoot up (as a plant), to sprout. Hen. V, iii. 5. 8; Stanyhurst,
tr. of Aeneid, i. 558. In prov. use in the Midlands and Dorset (EDD.).
OE. <span class='it'>sprytian</span>, to sprout, germinate.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='spital'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spital, spittle,</span></span> a hospital. Formerly <span class='it'>hospital</span>; whence <span class='it'>’spital</span>. Hen. V,
ii. 1. 78; v. 1. 86; Puritan Widow, i. 1. 151; <span class='it'>spittle</span>, Sir Thos. More, i. 3. 81;
‘<span class='it'>Ladrerie</span>, a Spittle for lepers’, Cotgrave. Hence, <span class='it'>spital-house</span>, Timon, iv. 3. 39.
ME. <span class='it'>spytyl hows</span>, ‘leprosorium’ (Prompt. EETS. 429).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spitchcock’d.</span></span> <span class='it'>A spitchcock’d eel</span>, a broiled eel spread on a skewer,
‘Spitchcock’d like a salted eel’, Cotton, Burlesque (Poems, p. 222);
Cartwright, The Ordinary, ii. 1, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 239. Hence
<span class='it'>spitchcock</span>, a spitchcocked eel, Northward Ho, i. 1 (Chamberlain). See Dict.
(s.v. Spitch-cock).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spitter,</span></span> ‘Among Hunters, a red Male Deer near two Years old, whose
Horns begin to grow up sharp, and spit-wise; it is also call’d a Brocket or
Pricket’, Phillips, Dict., ed. 1706; ‘<span class='it'>Subulo</span>, an hart havyng hornes without
tynes, called (as I suppose) a spittare’, Elyot, 1559. Applied to a full-grown
stag by Golding, Metam. x. 117; fol. 121 (1603). Cp. G. <span class='it'>spiesser</span>,
a brocket, a buck of the second year (Grieb-Schröer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spittle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#spital'>spital</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>splay,</span></span> to display, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 93. 13; ‘Hys banners
splaide’, and ‘Our ensignes splayde’, Gascoigne (Nares). Cp. E. <span class='it'>splay-foot</span>,
see Dict. (s.v. Splay).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>splay,</span></span> to castrate, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 249 (mod. edd. <span class='it'>spay</span>). In Shropshire
heifers are <span class='it'>splayed</span> to make them barren (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spleen.</span></span> The organ of the body viewed as the seat of emotions and
passions; impetuosity, eagerness, ‘The spleen of fiery dragons’, Richard III,
v. 3. 350; malice, hatred, ‘I have no spleen against you’, Hen. VIII,
ii. 4. 89; a fit of passion,’ A hair-brained Hotspur, governed by a spleen’,
1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 19; any sudden impulse or fit beyond the control of
reason, esp. a fit of laughter, ‘Thy silly thought enforces my spleen’,
L. L. L. iii. 77; a caprice, ‘A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways’,
Ven. and Ad. 907. See Schmidt.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>splent,</span></span> a lath, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 122. 10; ‘Splent for an
house, <span class='it'>laite</span>’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Splint, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).
ME. <span class='it'>splente</span> (Prompt. EETS. 429).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>splent,</span></span> ‘a kind of hard swelling, without Pain, that grows on the Bone
of a Horse’s Leg’, Phillips, Dict., 1706; Greene, Looking Glasse, i (p. 120).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sploach,</span></span> a ‘splotch’, a blot. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, v. 1
(Don Diego). ‘Splotch’ is in common prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spondil,</span></span> one of the vertebrae of the spine; ‘The spondils of his back’,
B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Tuck). Gk. (Ionic) σπόνδυλος, (Attic) σφόνδυλος,
a vertebra.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spooks-make,</span></span> interpreter; ‘Of Gods the spooks-make’ (= L. <span class='it'>interpres
Divum</span>), Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 373. <span class='it'>Spooks-make</span> = <span class='it'>spokes-make</span>.
‘Spoke’ is in prov. use for talk, conversation (EDD.); ‘make’ is still
in prov. use, meaning a companion. See <span class='bold'><a href='#make'>make</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spoom,</span></span> to sail before the wind. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 96;
Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 1 (Master).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spoon-meat,</span></span> broth. Middleton, The Witch, iv. 1 (Almachildes).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spoorn,</span></span> some kind of hobgoblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate);
Denham Tracts (ed. 1895, ii. 77); <span class='it'>the spoorne</span>, Scot, Disc. Witches, 153.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spousayles,</span></span> a marriage, wedding. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii,
c. 12, § 2 (ed. Croft, ii. 142); <span class='it'>spousals</span>, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 407. OF.
<span class='it'>espousailles</span>; L. <span class='it'>sponsalia</span>, pl.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sprag,</span></span> quick, alert. Merry Wives, iv. 1. 84. In prov. use in the
north country, Worc. and the west (EDD.). ‘Sprag’ is a later form of
‘sprack’, in common prov. use in various parts of England. Cp. Norw.
dial. <span class='it'>spræk</span>, fresh, lively (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spraints,</span></span> the dung of the otter, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 73, p. 201;
<span class='it'>sprayntes</span>, id., c. 37, p. 98; Maister of Game, c. 11; Howell, Parl. of Beasts,
8 (Davies, 162). In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). [C. Kingsley,
Two Years Ago, xviii.] F. ‘<span class='it'>esprainctes</span>, <span class='it'>espreinctes</span>, dung of the otter’ (Cotgr.);
<span class='it'>épreintes</span> de la loutre (Hatzfeld). OF. <span class='it'>espreindre</span>, to press out, L. <span class='it'>exprimere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sprent,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> sprinkled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 45. In prov. use in
Scotland and the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>spreynd</span>, also <span class='it'>spreynt</span>, sprinkled
(Wyclif, Heb. ix. 13; Rev. xix. 13), pp. of <span class='it'>sprengen</span>, to sprinkle, OE. <span class='it'>sprengan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spring.</span></span> <span class='it'>A spring garden</span>, a garden in which a concealed spring was
made to spout jets of water over a visitor, when he trod upon a particular
spot. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Pt. I, sc. 1 (Sophocles).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spring,</span></span> a dance-tune. Fletcher, Prophetess, v. 3 (3 Shepherd). In
prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spring, 9). ME. <span class='it'>spring</span>, a merry
dance (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1235).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>spring-halt,</span> a lameness in which a horse twitches up his leg.
Hen. VIII, i. 3. 13.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spring:</span></span> <span class='it'>a spring of pork</span>, the lower part of the fore-quarter, divided
from the neck. Fletcher, The Prophetess, i. 3. 7. In prov. use in
Northants (EDD.). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spring,</span></span> the young growth in a wood, a copse, a grove; ‘The nightingale
among the thick-leav’d spring’, Fletcher, Faithful Sheph. v. 1;
Fairfax, Tasso, xiii. 35; ‘In yonder spring of roses’, Milton, P. L. ix.
218; a young shoot of a tree, Lucrece, 950; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a youth, lad, ‘Being yong
and yet a very spring’, Mirrour for Mag., Northumberland, st. 4;
Spenser, Muiopotmos, 292. ‘Spring’ is in prov. use for young growth, the
undergrowth of wood; a copse, a grove (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>springal,</span></span> a youth. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Laws
of Candy, iii. 2 (Cassilane); <span class='it'>springald</span>, id., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2;
‘Springald, <span class='it'>adolescens</span>’, Levins, Manip. See EDD. (s.v. Springald).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spruntly,</span></span> smartly, sprucely. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Lady T.).
The adj. is in prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spurblind,</span></span> ‘purblind’, nearly blind. Lyly, Sapho, ii. 2 (Phao).
Halliwell says that the word was used by Latimer.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spurling,</span></span> a smelt. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 5; Gascoigne, Supposes,
ii. 4 (Carion). ME. <span class='it'>sperlynge</span>, ‘sperlingus’ (Cath. Angl.); F. <span class='it'>esperlan</span>,
a smelt (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spur-ryal, spur-royal,</span></span> a gold coin, worth about fifteen shillings; also
called a <span class='it'>royal</span> or <span class='it'>ryal</span>. It had a star on the reverse resembling a rowel of
a spur (Nares). Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Young Loveless);
Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spyon, spion,</span></span> a scout, in an army; ‘Captain of the Spyons’, Heywood,
Four Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 242. F. ‘<span class='it'>espion</span>, a spy, scout; <span class='it'>espier</span>, to
spy’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spyrre,</span></span> to ask, inquire. Morte Arthur, leaf 416, back, 36; bk. xxi,
c. 8. Cp. ‘spur’ in use in the north country for publishing or <span class='it'>asking</span> the
banns of matrimony in church, see EDD. (s.v. Spur, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>speren</span>, to
ask (Barbour’s Bruce, see Gloss.). OE. <span class='it'>spyrian</span>, to inquire into.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squall,</span></span> a term of endearment; ‘The rich gull gallant calls her deare
and love, Ducke, lambe, squall, sweet-heart, cony, and his dove’, Taylor,
1630 (Nares); Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Hellgill); Five Gallants, iv.
2. 3; used as a term of reproach, ‘<span class='it'>Obereau</span>, a young minx or little proud
squal’, Cotgrave; also, applied to a man as a term of contempt, Rare
Triumphs of Love and Fortune (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 199). See Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squander,</span></span> to scatter, disperse, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 32; Dryden, Annus
Mirab., st. 67. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>square,</span></span> rule, exact conduct; ‘I have not kept my square’, Ant. and
Cl. ii. 3. 6; ‘Never breaks square’ (i.e. never gives offence), Middleton,
The Widow, ii (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>square,</span></span> to quarrel. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 30; Titus And. ii. 1. 100;
Ant. and Cl. ii. 1. 45; Harington, Ariosto, xiv. 72; id., Ep. i. 37; a quarrel,
Promos and Cass. ii. 4 (Nares). Hence <span class='it'>squarer</span>, a quarreller, Much
Ado, i. 1. 82. Also, a squadron, ‘Our squares of battle’, Hen. V, iv. 2.
28; ‘Squares of war’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 11. 40. Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>esqueira</span>,
‘corps de bataille’ (Levy). Med. L. <span class='it'>squadra</span>, ‘caterva, turba, cohors;
acies, copiae militares’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. <span class='it'>squadra</span>, ‘a squadron or troop
of men’ (Florio); F. <span class='it'>escadre</span> (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.vv. Square, Squadron).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squares.</span></span> <span class='it'>How go the squares?</span> how goes the game? The reference is
to the chessboard; Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Purge); May, The
Old Couple, iv. 1 (Sir Argent).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squash,</span></span> the shell or pod of peas or beans; an unripe pea-pod. Twelfth
Nt. i. 5. 166; Wint. Tale, i. 2. 161. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v.
Squash, vb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squat,</span></span> to squeeze, crush, bruise. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s,
i. 3 (Savourwit). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). OF.
<span class='it'>esquatir</span>, ‘aplatir, briser’ (Didot). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squelch,</span></span> to crush, bruise, strike with a heavy blow. Fletcher, Nice
Valour, v. 1 (Galoshio); a heavy blow, Butler, Hud. i. 2. 836, 933. In
prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squelter,</span></span> to ‘welter’, wallow, roll about; ‘The slaughter’d Trojans
squeltring in their blood’, Locrine, ii. 6. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squib,</span></span> a paltry fellow. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 371. In prov.
use in west Yorks. in the sense of a small dwarfish person, see EDD. (s.v.
Squib, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squib,</span></span> used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for a flashy, futile project or design, Bacon, Henry VII
(ed. Lumby, 195).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squich,</span></span> to move quickly. Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley. ii. 387; to wince, to flinch, Soliman and Perseda, iv. (Basilisco),
id., v. 343. Probably identical with prov. E. <span class='it'>switch</span>, to move quickly, see
EDD. (s.v. Switch, vb.<sup>1</sup> 9).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squince,</span></span> the quinsy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 22, § 3;
‘<span class='it'>Squinantia</span>, the Squince or Squinancie’, Florio; also <span class='it'>squincy</span>, ‘<span class='it'>Esquinance</span>,
the Squincy’, Cotgrave; ‘Shall we not be suspected for the murder, And
choke with a hempen squincy’, Randolph, The Jealous Lovers (ed. 1634,
p. 54). ME. <span class='it'>squynesy</span>, ‘squinancia’ (Prompt. EETS. 431). Sec Dict. (s.v.
Quinsy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squinny, squiny,</span></span> to look asquint. King Lear, iv. 6. 140; ‘How
scornfully she squinnies’, Shirley, Sisters, ii. 2 (Antonio). In prov. use
in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squire, squier,</span></span> a ‘square’, a rule for measuring, Wint. Tale, iv. 4.
348; <span class='it'>by the squire</span>, by exact rule, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Pan). ME.
<span class='it'>squire</span>, a carpenter’s instrument (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 2090). F. ‘<span class='it'>esquierre</span>, a
rule or square’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staddle,</span></span> a prop, support. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 14; a young growing
tree left standing in a wood after the underwood has been cut away,
Bacon, Essay 29, § 5; id., Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 72). See EDD. OE.
<span class='it'>staþol</span>, a foundation, firm support.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staffe,</span></span> a stave, a stanza; ‘<span class='it'>Staffe</span> .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. The Italian called it <span class='it'>Stanza</span>’,
Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 2 (Of proportion in Staffe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staffier,</span></span> a lacquey, a footman. Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 651. F. ‘<span class='it'>estaffier</span>,
a lackey or footboy, that runs by the stirrup; a servingman that waits
afoot, while his master rides; <span class='it'>estaphe</span>, a stirrup’ (Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>staffiere</span>,
‘a lacquey, that runs by a man’s stirrup’; <span class='it'>staffa</span>, ‘a kind of stirrup for a
saddle’ (Florio). Of Germ. origin, cp. G. <span class='it'>stapfe</span>, a foot-step.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staggers,</span></span> a sudden fit of giddiness, vertigo. Beaumont and Fl., Mad
Lover, i. 1 (Calis); Cymbeline, v. 5. 234; All’s Well, ii. 3. 170; a disease in
horses indicated by staggering and falling down, Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 55.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stakker,</span></span> to stagger. Morte Arthur, leaf 232, back, 6; bk. x, c. 30;
and in Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>stakeren</span>, to stagger (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2687).
Norw. dial. <span class='it'>stakra</span>, to stagger (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> a station where one lies in wait for birds; ‘Stale for foules
takynge’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>to lie in stale</span>, to lie in wait or ambush, ‘As I lay in
stale To fight with the duke Richard’s eldest son, I was destroy’d’, Mirror
for Mag., 366 (Nares); Stanyhurst, Desc. Ireland (Halliwell). ME. <span class='it'>staal</span>,
of fowlynge or of byrdys takynge ‘stacionaria’ (Prompt. EETS. 432). OF.
<span class='it'>estal</span>, place, séjour, arrêt; <span class='it'>prendre son estal</span>, prendre position (Didot), Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>estal</span> (Ch. Rol. 1108, 2319).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> a decoy; a bird or something in the form of a bird set up to
allure a bird of prey; ‘The fowler’s stale the appearance of which brings
but others to the net’, Cap of Gray Hairs (ed. 1688, p. 96); see Halliwell;
Mirrour for Mag. (Nares); Sidney, Arcadia, ii, p. 169 (Nares); an object
of allurement, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 3; Tempest, iv. 1. 187; a device,
trick, F. Q. ii. 1. 4; a laughing-stock, Titus And. i. 2. 241. In prov. use
in Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>estale</span>, ‘appeau, oiseau
qui sert à attirer les autres’ (Vocab. to Bozon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stale3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> the shaft of an arrow, Chapman, tr. Iliad, iv. 173; the shaft of
a javelin, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. use in the sense of a shaft,
a long slender handle, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stele'>stele</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> the urine of horses and cattle, Ant. and Cl. i. 4. 62 to urinate,
Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 152; ‘<span class='it'>Escloy</span>, urine, stale’, Cotgrave. In prov. use,
see EDD. (s.v. Stale, vb.<sup>3</sup>). OF. <span class='it'>estaler</span>, to stale (of horses), see Godefroy.
Of Germ, origin, cp. Dan. <span class='it'>stalle</span>, Swed. <span class='it'>stalla</span>, to urinate; cp. G. <span class='it'>stallen</span> (used
of horses); <span class='it'>stall</span>, urine.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> stalemate, at chess; ‘Like a stale at chess, where it is no mate,
but yet the game cannot stir’, Bacon, Essay 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> to render stale, to make common and worthless. Coriol. i. 1. 95;
Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 240; Jul. Caesar, i. 2. 73; <span class='it'>a stale</span>, a prostitute, harlot,
Much Ado, ii. 2. 26; iv. 1. 66.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stall,</span></span> to forestall. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tiberius); Massinger,
Bashful Lover, iv. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stall,</span></span> to install set in authority, Richard III, i. 3. 206; ‘And stawled
gods doe condiscend’, Turbervile, The Lover excuseth himself. <span class='it'>Stalled to
the rogue</span> (Cant Phrase), admitted as a recognized thief, Middleton, Roaring
Girl, v. 1 (Moll); Harman, Caveat, p. 34. The master-thief admitted a
rogue with the ceremony of pouring a quart of beer over his head, and
using a formula of words.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stall,</span></span> to stick fast; ‘When his cart was stalled (he) lay flat on his back
and cried aloud, Help, Hercules!’, Burton, Anat. Mel., p. 222 (Nares). In
prov. use in the north country and Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Stall,
vb. 20).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stalled,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>; ‘Dole perpetuall, From whence he never should be quit,
nor stal’d’ (rimes with <span class='it'>cal’d</span>), Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1245. Meaning
doubtful.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stalling'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stalling ken,</span></span> a house for receiving stolen goods (Cant). Middleton,
Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); <span class='it'>stauling ken</span>, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; B. Jonson,
Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stammel, stamel,</span></span> a kind of woollen cloth, of a red colour. Beaumont
and Fl., Little French Lawyer, i. 1 (Cleremont); Chapman, Mons. D’Olive,
ii. 1 (D’Ol.). See Nares and Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stamp,</span></span> a stamped coin, a coin. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 16; Macbeth,
iv. 3. 153.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stand.</span></span> <span class='it'>It stands me upon</span>, it is incumbent on me, it is important to me,
I ought. <span class='it'>It standeth thee upon</span>, Lyly, Euphues, p. 271.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>standard,</span></span> a standing-bowl. Greene, Looking Glasse, v. 1 (1858);
p. 141, col. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stander-grass, standard-grass, stander-wort, standle-wort,</span></span>
<span class='it'>Orchis mascula</span>, and other allied plants. <span class='it'>Standelwort</span>, or <span class='it'>Standergrass</span>,
Lyte’s Dodoens, bk. ii, ch. 56; <span class='it'>Royal Standergrass</span>, or Palma Christi, id.,
ch. 59; ‘<span class='it'>Foul standergrass</span>’, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 2 (Clorin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staniel,</span></span> a kind of hawk, considered as of inferior value, Twelfth Nt.
ii. 5. 124; hence, a coward, Lady Alimony, i. 3 (Haxter); hence <span class='it'>stanielry</span>,
cowardice, id., v. 2. 17. In prov. use in the north country for the kestrel
or windhover, see EDD. (s.v. Stannel). OE. <span class='it'>stangella</span>, used to translate
L. <span class='it'>pellicanus</span> in Ps. ci. 7 (Vesp. Psalter). See notes on Eng. Etym.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stank,</span></span> weary. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 47. Ital. <span class='it'>stanco</span>, weary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stare,</span></span> a starling. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 541; Middleton, Game
at Chess, iv. 2 (B. Knight). In prov. use in Ireland and in various parts
of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>stare</span>, a starling (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 348);
OE. <span class='it'>stær</span>: ‘tuoege staras’ (Lind. Gosp., Matt. x. 29, rendering of Vulgate
<span class='it'>duo passeres</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stare,</span></span> to bristle up; said of hair. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 56. 11;
§ 98. 4; Jul. Caesar, iv. 3. 280. In prov. use: they say in Herts, ‘It
will make her (a cow’s) hair to stare’, see EDD. (s.v. Stare, vb. 4). Cp.
G. <span class='it'>starren</span>, to bristle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stark'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stark,</span></span> stout, sturdy. Sir T. Wyatt (Nares); stiff (used in speaking of
a dead body), 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 42; Romeo, iv. 1. 103; Cymbeline, iv. 2. 209;
<span class='it'>starkly</span>, stiffly (as in a dead body), Meas. for M. iv. 2. 70. In common
prov. use in the north country in the two meanings (1) stout, sturdy, and
(2) stiff, esp. through rheumatism (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>stearc</span>, stiff, rigid; rough,
strong (B. T.); Icel. <span class='it'>sterkr</span>, strong. See <span class='bold'><a href='#storken'>storken</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>startups,</span></span> rustic shoes with high tops, or half-gaiters; ‘<span class='it'>Guestres</span>
[gaiters], startups, high shooes, or gamashes for countrey folks’, Cotgrave;
Hall, Satires, book vi; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 4 (Cloe). See
Nares. In prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>state,</span></span> high rank, dignity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 93; <span class='it'>chair of state</span>, a
canopied chair, dais, or throne for a king, 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 51; Hen. VIII,
iv. 1. 67; <span class='it'>state</span> = <span class='it'>chair of state</span>, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 51; Coriol. v. 24; Macbeth,
iii. 4. 5; <span class='it'>states</span>, persons of high rank, Cymb. iii. 4. 39; <span class='it'>state</span>, an estate,
Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. 1. 7; Rule a Wife, iii. 5 (Leon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statist,</span></span> a statesman, politician. Hamlet, v. 2. 33; Beaumont and
Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius).
Ital. <span class='it'>statista</span> (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statua,</span></span> a statue. Jul. Caesar, iii. 2. Bacon, Essay 27, § 6, and 45,
§ 3; a picture, Massinger, City Madam, v. 3 (Sir John, 15th speech).
L. <span class='it'>statua</span>, an image, statue (commonly made of metal).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statuminate,</span></span> to prop up. B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). L. <span class='it'>statumino</span>
(Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statute-caps,</span></span> woollen caps, which, by a statute of 1571, citizens were
enjoined to wear on holydays. L. L. L. v. 2. 281. Also, the wearers of
such caps, citizens, Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statute-lace,</span></span> lace made according to a law that regulated its width
and material. Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (Perigot).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statute-merchant,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statute-staple,</span></span> a bond acknowledged
before one of the clerks of the <span class='it'>statute-merchant</span>, and mayor of the <span class='it'>staple</span>, or
chief warden of the City of London, or other sufficient men; see quotation
from Blount, in Nares. ‘His lands be engaged in twenty statutes staple’,
Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Glister); cp. Marston, Scourge of Villainy,
Sat. iii. 110.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stauling ken;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#stalling'>stalling ken</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='staunce'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staunce,</span></span> disagreement. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#distance'>distance</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stead,</span></span> to stand in good stead; ‘Necessaries which since have steaded
much’, Temp. i. 2. 165; to be of use to, benefit, help, Gent. Ver. ii. 1.
124; Othello, i. 3. 344; <span class='it'>stead up</span>, to take a person’s place (in an arrangement),
Meas. for M. iii. 1. 261.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>steaming;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#steming'>steming</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sted,</span></span> a bedstead. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgies, ii. 726.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stedy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stedy,</span></span> an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 149, back, 30. This form
for ‘stithy’ is in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Stiddy).
Icel. <span class='it'>steði</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stithy'>stithy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>steenkirk,</span></span> a loose cravat of fine lace. Vanbrugh, The Relapse, i. 3
(Sempstress); Congreve, Love for Love, i. 2 (Scandal). Named with
reference to the battle of Steenkerke (1692). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stele'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stele,</span></span> the shaft of an arrow, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; the handle
of a rake, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 19; ‘Steale or handell of a staffe,
<span class='it'>manche</span>’, Palsgrave. This word in many spellings is in common prov. use
in Scotland and England for a shaft or handle, esp. a long straight handle,
see EDD. (s.v. Steal, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>stele</span>, or sterte of a vessel, ‘ansa’ (Prompt.
EETS. 434). OE. <span class='it'>stela</span>, a stalk. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stale3'>stale</a></span> (3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stelled,</span></span> fixed; ‘A face where all distress is stell’d’, Lucrece, 1444;
<span class='it'>stelled fires</span>, fixed stars, King Lear, iii. 7. 61. ‘To stell’ is in prov. use in
Scotland in the sense of to place, set, fix, see EDD. (s.v. Stell, vb. 7).
OE. <span class='it'>stellan</span>, to place.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stellionate,</span></span> fraudulent dealing. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby,
p. 62. L. <span class='it'>stellionatus</span>, trickery; from <span class='it'>stellio</span>, a knave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stem,</span></span> to keep in, enclose. Spelt <span class='it'>stemme</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 12.
Icel. <span class='it'>stemma</span>, to stop, dam up.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='steming'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>steming,</span></span> shining, bright; ‘Two stemyng eyes’, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i.
53; ‘With skouling steaming eyes’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 300 (L. <span class='it'>stant
lumina flamma</span>). ME. <span class='it'>steeme</span>, or lowe of fyre, ‘flamma’ (Prompt. EETS.
434); <span class='it'>stem</span>: ‘A stem Als it were a sunnebem’ (Havelok, 591).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stench,</span></span> ‘staunch’, firm; hence, continent. Lady Alimony, iii. 3
(Sea-song, st. 5). See EDD. (s.v. Staunch, adj. 10 and 11).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stene, steane,</span></span> a stone jar or pitcher. Spelt <span class='it'>stene</span>, Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Aristippus, § 17; <span class='it'>steane</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 42. ‘Stean’ is in prov. use
in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. 3). ME. <span class='it'>steene</span>, a pitcher,
earthenware vessel, Trevisa, tr. Higden, bk. i, c. 41; OE. <span class='it'>stǣna</span>, an
earthenware jug (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stent'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stent,</span></span> to leave off, to cause to cease. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 12; to cease,
pt. t., Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 32. In common prov. use
in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stent, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). ME. <span class='it'>stenten</span>, to cease, to cause
to cease (Chaucer). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stint1'>stint</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stepony;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#stiponie'>stiponie</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stept in age,</span></span> advanced in years. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 152.
OE. <span class='it'>stæppan</span>, <span class='it'>steppan</span>, to proceed, advance (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stern,</span></span> the hinder part of an object; used of the tail of a dragon.
Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; i. 11. 28. The same word as <span class='it'>stern</span>, the hinder part
of a ship. Hence <span class='it'>sternage</span>, steerage, Hen. V, iii, Prol. 18. Icel. <span class='it'>stjōrn</span>,
a steering, hence, the steering-place.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sterve,</span></span> to die. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34; Fairfax, Tasso, ii. 17. ME.
<span class='it'>sterve</span>, to die, esp. to die of famine (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1249; C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 451).
OE. <span class='it'>steorfan</span>, to die; cp. G. <span class='it'>sterben</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stethva,</span></span> a congress of Welsh bards. Drayton, Pol. iv. 177. Welsh
<span class='it'>eisteddfod</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>steven,</span></span> voice, outcry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 224; <span class='it'>steuyn</span>, Skelton,
ed. Dyce, i. 130, l. 144. In common prov. use in the north country, see
EDD. (s.v. Steven, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2). ME. <span class='it'>stevene</span>, voice (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2562).
OE. <span class='it'>stefn</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stick-free,</span></span> sword-proof, invulnerable to a sword-thrust. Burton,
Anat. Mel., Of Witches and Magicians (ed. Shilleto, 1. 233); Shirley,
Young Admiral, iv. 1 (ed. 1637). See Mod. Lang. Notes, June, 1912.
G. <span class='it'>stichfrei</span>, sword-proof.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stickle,</span></span> to interpose between combatants, and separate them when they
had sufficiently satisfied the laws of honour, to act as umpire between
combatants; ‘I styckyll betwene wrastellers .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to se that none do other
wronge, or I parte folkes that be redy to fyght’, Palsgrave; ‘(The angel)
stickles betwixt the remainders of God’s hosts and the race of fiends’,
Dryden, Ded. Trans. Juvenal; <span class='it'>to be stickled</span>, to be settled by a ‘stickler’,
Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph. 6. Hence <span class='it'>stickler</span>, Tr. and Cr. v. 8. 18;
Florio, Montaigne, ii. 27; Dryden, Oliver Cromwell, 41. ME. <span class='it'>stihtlen</span>, to
order, arrange, as a steward or a master of the ceremonies (P. Plowman,
C. xvi. 40). See Nares, Trench, Select Glossary (ed. 1890), and Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sticklebag,</span></span> a ‘stickleback’, a small fish. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at
several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stigmatic,</span></span> one branded with infamy, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo),
ed. Dyce, p. 26; one branded by nature with deformity, 2 Hen. VI,
v. 1. 215; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 136; also, <span class='it'>stigmatical</span>, Com. Errors, iv. 2. 22.
Gk. στιγματικός, branded with a mark (στίγμα).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stike,</span></span> a ‘stich’, a verse. Sackville, Induction, st. 21. Gk. στίχος, a
row, a line.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>still,</span></span> to ‘distil’, to fall in drops. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stillatory,</span></span> a still-room, for keeping distilled waters. Beaumont and
Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (near end). Late L. <span class='it'>stillatorium</span>, from <span class='it'>stillare</span>,
to fall in drops.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Stilliard,</span></span> the Steelyard; the place of business used by the German
merchants in London. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); <span class='it'>Stilyard merchants</span>,
merchants of the Steelyard, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 88). See Notes
and Queries, 10 S. vi. 413, and Dict. (s.v. Steelyard, 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stint1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stint,</span></span> to cause to cease. Timon, v. 4. 83; to cease, Pericles, iv. 4. 42;
Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; Mother Hubberd, 1092. ME. <span class='it'>stinte</span>, to cease, to
cause to cease (Chaucer). See M. and S. (s.v. Stynten). OE. <span class='it'>styntan</span>, to
make dull, ‘<span class='it'>hebetare</span>’ (B. T.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stent'>stent</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stint,</span></span> some kind of bird. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 339. In prov. use for
various kinds of birds, the dunlin, the sandpiper, and the linnet
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stiponie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stiponie.</span></span> ‘<span class='it'>Stipone</span>, a kind of sweet compound liquor drunk in some
ill places in London in the summer-time’, Blount, Glossographia, p. 612.
‘Do you not understand the mystery of stiponie, Jenny? <span class='it'>Maid.</span> I
know how to make democuana, sir’, Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4
(Sir Frederick); also spelt <span class='it'>stepony</span>, see Dict. Rusticum, Urbanicum et
Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726, where the receipt for brewing this sweet liquor
is given; see Notes and Queries, 6 S. iv. 155.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stire, styre,</span></span> to guide, direct. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 7; ii. 5. 2. OE.
<span class='it'>stȳran</span>, to direct, steer. See Dict. (s.v. Steer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stirp,</span></span> a stem, stock, family. Bacon, Essay 14, § 1. L. <span class='it'>stirps</span>, a stem.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stitch,</span></span> a space between two double furrows in ploughed land; a ridge.
Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 495; Odyssey, viii. 171. In the latter passage,
a <span class='it'>stitch’s</span> length may mean a furrow’s length or furlong. This word is in
prov. use in various parts of England for a narrow ridge of land, as much
land as lies between two furrows; a balk or portion of grass-land in an
arable field; see EDD. (s.v. Stitch, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8 and 9).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stitch,</span></span> a sudden cramp; hence, a contortion, a grimace. Beaumont
and Fl., Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stitchel,</span></span> a troublesome fellow; a term of reproach. Lady Alimony,
v. 3. 13 (Wife). A Linc. word for a troublesome child, see EDD. (s.v.
Stetchel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stithy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stithy,</span></span> an anvil, Hamlet, iii. 2. 80 (some edd. have <span class='it'>stith</span>); to forge,
‘The forge that stithied Mars his helm’, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 255. In prov.
use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>stith</span>, an anvil (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2026). Icel. <span class='it'>steði</span>.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#stedy'>stedy</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoccata,</span></span> a thrust, in fencing. Romeo, iii. i. 77; <span class='it'>stoccado</span>, Merry
Wives, ii. 1. 234; <span class='it'>stockado</span>, Marston, Sat. i. 132. Ital. <span class='it'>stoccata</span>, a thrust, a
stoccado given with a <span class='it'>stócco</span> (a tuck or short-arming sword); see Florio;
Span. <span class='it'>estocáda</span>, a thrust with a weapon, a stab (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stock1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stock,</span></span> to hit with the point of a sword; ‘A chevalier would stock a
needle’s point Three times together’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Alvarez);
a thrust in fencing, Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Malevole); Antonio, Pt. II,
i. 2 (Matzagente). F. <span class='it'>estoc</span>, ‘a rapier or tuck, also, a thrust; <span class='it'>coup d’estoc</span>,
a thrust, stockado, stab’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stuck'>stuck</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stock,</span></span> nether-stock or stocking. Greene, Description of Chaucer, 3 (ed.
Dyce, p. 320). In prov. use in Yorks. and Norfolk (see EDD., s.v. Stock, 18).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stock-fish,</span></span> dried haddock or cod; ‘Haddockes or hakes indurate and
dryed with coulde, and beaten with clubbes or <span class='it'>stockes</span>, by reason whereof
the Germayns caule them <span class='it'>stockefyshe</span>’, R. Eden, Works (ed. Arber, p. 303);
Temp. iii. 2. 79; Meas. iii. 2. 116. The reason for the name is uncertain;
Koolman gives the Low G. form as <span class='it'>stok-fisk</span>, and thinks they were so called
because dried upon <span class='it'>stocks</span> or poles in the sun.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stoin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoin,</span></span> to be astonished or astounded; ‘I stoinid’, Phaer, Aeneid ii,
774; iii. 48 (L. <span class='it'>obstupui</span>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#astonied'>astonied</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stomach,</span></span> courage, Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 7. 8, 15; 2 Hen. IV,
i. 1. 129; Hamlet, i. 1. 100; proud or arrogant spirit, Hen. VIII, iv. 2. 34;
resentment, angry temper, King Lear, v. 3. 75; to resent, to be angry,
Ant. and Cl. iii. 4. 12; Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 2. 26. In prov. use for
courage, pride, anger, bad temper (EDD.). Cp. Span. and Port. <span class='it'>estomago</span>,
courage, valour, resolution; L. <span class='it'>stomachus</span>, displeasure, irritation, <span class='it'>stomachari</span>,
to be irritated, out of humour.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stond,</span></span> a stop, impediment, hindrance. Bacon, Essays 40 and 50. ‘To
stand’, to bring to a stop, in prov. use in Surrey and Sussex: ‘I’ve seen
a wagon stood in the snow’; see EDD. (s.v. Stand, 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stone-bow,</span></span> a cross-bow from which stones could be shot. Twelfth
Night, ii. 5. 51; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stool-ball,</span></span> a game formerly popular among young women. Middleton,
Women beware, iii. 3 (Isabella); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 101; Chapman,
tr. of Odyssey, vi. 139. The idea of the game was much like that of
cricket. A stool was the wicket; the hand was used as a bat, to defend
it from the ball. See Strutt’s Sports. The game is still played in many
parts of England, and in almost every village in Sussex (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stoop1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoop,</span></span> a post, pillar. Tancred and Gismunda, iv. 2 (Tancred), in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 66; ‘You glorious martyrs, you illustrious stoops’,
Quarles, Emblems, v. 10; ‘Stoulpe before a doore, <span class='it'>souche</span>’, Palsgrave;
<span class='it'>stulpe</span>, Stow, Survey, Bridge Ward Within (ed. Thoms, 79). The word is
in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England in various forms: <span class='it'>stoup</span>, <span class='it'>stowp</span>,
<span class='it'>stolpe</span>, <span class='it'>stulp</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Stoop, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>stulp</span>, or stake, ‘paxillus’
(Prompt. EETS. 444, see note, no. 2171). Icel. <span class='it'>stōlpi</span>, a post, pillar, cp.
<span class='it'>Stōlpa-sund</span>, the Pillar Sound, the Sound of the Pillars of Hercules, the
Straits of Gibraltar.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoop,</span></span> to swoop downwards as a bird of prey on its quarry; ‘The bird
of Jove, stooped from his aery tour, Two birds .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. before him drove’,
Milton, P. L. xi. 185; used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3 (Lovewit);
used trans., to pounce upon, seize, ‘The hawk that stooped my pheasant’,
Webster, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Mayberry); ‘Teach it (my spirit) to stoop
whole kingdoms’, Fletcher, Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stoor'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoor,</span></span> strong, robust, sturdy, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 129. In prov.
use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). ME. <span class='it'>stoore</span>, or herd, or boystows,
‘austerus, rigidus’ (Prompt. EETS. 439). Icel. <span class='it'>stōrr</span>, rough, great. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#stowre'>stowre</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stooved,</span></span> kept in a warm chamber; ‘Myrtles, if they be stooved’,
Bacon, Essay 46. From <span class='it'>stoove</span> = <span class='it'>stove</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='storken'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>storken,</span></span> to stiffen, to congeal, coagulate; ‘Storken, <span class='it'>congelari</span>’, Levins,
Manip. In common use in the north country (EDD.). Icel. <span class='it'>storkna</span>, to
coagulate. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stark'>stark</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stork'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stork’s bill,</span></span> a gesture of scorn; ‘This sanna, or stork’s bill’, B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Cp. L. <span class='it'>ciconia</span>, (1) a stork; (2) a
derisory bending of the fingers in form of a stork’s bill (Persius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stound'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stound, stownd,</span></span> time, occasion, moment. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 38;
Shep. Kal., Oct., 49. The ‘Glosse’ to Shep. Kal., May, 257, has ‘<span class='it'>stounds</span>,
fittes’, i.e. attacks of illness. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>stounde</span>, hour,
time (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1212), OE. <span class='it'>stund</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stowne'>stowne</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoup,</span></span> a stoop, a low bow, a condescending movement. B. Jonson,
Alchem. iv. 2 (Face); ‘Now observe the stoops, The bendings, and the
falls’, id., Sejanus, i. 1 (Silius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stour, stowre,</span></span> a conflict, battle, contest; trouble, confusion, disturbance;
danger, peril. The word is used in all these meanings by
Spenser: F. Q. i. 2. 7; i. 3. 30; i. 4. 46; iii. 1. 34; iii. 2. 6; iii. 3. 50;
Shep. Kal., Jan., 27. ME. <span class='it'>stour</span>, battle, contest (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1270).
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>estour</span>, combat, battle (Gower, Mirour, 1927), O. Prov. <span class='it'>estor</span>, <span class='it'>estorn</span>,
‘combat, mêlée’; <span class='it'>estornir</span>, <span class='it'>estormir</span>, ‘assaillir, attaquer’ (Levy); Ital. <span class='it'>stormo</span>,
a conflict, combat (Fanfani); of Germ. origin, MHG. <span class='it'>sturm</span>, disturbance,
combat (Schade).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stover,</span></span> provisions, fodder for cattle; ‘Our low medowes .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. not so
profitable for stover and forrage as the higher meads be’, Harrison, Desc.
Brit. 110 (Halliwell); Tusser, Husbandry, November; Tempest, iv. 1. 63;
Drayton, Pol. xxv, p. 1158 (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England
for winter fodder or litter for cattle, hence stubble (EDD.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>estover</span>,
maintenance, necessary sustenance; allowances of wood to be taken out of
another man’s woods (Cowell’s Interpreter); OF. <span class='it'>estovoir</span>, to be necessary.
Romanic type <span class='it'>stopere</span>, a verb formed from L. <span class='it'>est opus</span>, it is necessary, so
W. Forster, see Gautier’s Ch. Roland, Glossary (s.v. Estoet). See Ducange
(s.v. Estoverium).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stover up,</span></span> to bristle up. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1. 2. ‘To stover’
is entered in EDD. as an obsolete west-country word for ‘to bristle up’,
probably from ‘stover’, meaning stubble. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stownd,</span></span> to amaze, ‘astound’, to beat down, Heywood, Golden Age,
A. iii (Enceladus), vol. iii, p. 48; to strike senseless, id., Iron Age, A. v
(Ajax); p. 343; <span class='it'>stound</span>, pp., Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 19.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stowne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stowne,</span></span> an hour, a short time; ‘Whoso love Endureth but a stowne’,
Turbervile, The Lover finding his Love flitted, st. 16. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stound'>stound</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stowre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stowre,</span></span> strong, hardy; ‘Constancie knits the bones and makes us
stowre’, G. Herbert, Temple, Church-porch, st. 20; ‘Stowre of conversacyon,
<span class='it'>estourdy</span>’, Palsgrave; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 12; <span class='it'>stower</span>,
hard, strong, ‘The stower nayles’, Latimer, 7 Sermon bef. King (ed.
Arber, 185). In prov. use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stoor'>stoor</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strage,</span></span> slaughter, heap of slain men. Heywood, Dialogue 2, l. 16;
Dial. 3 (Hellen); vol. vi, pp. 111, 143; Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Appius).
L. <span class='it'>strages</span>, slaughter.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='strain1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strain,</span></span> race, descent, breed; ‘The noblest of thy strain’, Jul. Caes. v.
1. 59; Hen. V, ii. 4. 51. A dialect form of <span class='bold'><a href='#strene'>strene</a>,</span> q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strain:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to strain courtesy</span>, to stand upon ceremony, to refuse to go
first, Venus and Ad. 888.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strain,</span></span> to distrain, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1104. In prov. use, see
EDD. (s.v. Strain, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strain,</span></span> to restrain, repress; ‘These stormy windes to straine, or make
to blow’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 80.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strake,</span></span> a particular note blown by a hunter; apparently after the
game is killed; ‘To the flyghte, to the dethe, and to strake, and many
other blastes and termes’, Morte Arthur, leaf 250, back, 11; bk. x, c. 52;
‘Then [after the death of the game] should the most master blow a mote
and stroke’, The Master of Game, ch. 35. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>strake</span>, to sound a note,
to sound a blast on a trumpet (Wars Alex. 1386).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strake,</span></span> the hoop of a cart-wheel or chariot-wheel. Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, xx. 247; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ezek. i. 18 (margin). In prov. use for a section or
strip of the iron tire or rim of a cart-wheel, see EDD. (s.v. Strake, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stramazoun,</span></span> a downright blow. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour,
iv. 4 (Fast. Brisk); <span class='it'>stramison</span>, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler).
Ital. <span class='it'>stramazzone</span>, ‘a downright blow’; deriv. of <span class='it'>stramazzare</span>, ‘to kill
throughly’ (Florio); cp. F. <span class='it'>estramaçon</span>, a stroke given with the edge of
the sword (Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strange,</span></span> belonging to another country, foreign; ‘Joseph .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. made
himselfe strange unto them’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xlii. 7 (i.e. acted as a stranger
towards them); ‘Strange children’, foreigners, Psalm xviii. 45, 46
(P.B.V.); ‘A strange tongue’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 54; <span class='it'>to make it strange</span>, to
seem to be surprised or shocked, Two Gent. i. 2. 102; Titus And. ii. 1. 81;
B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). OF. <span class='it'>estrange</span>, foreign; L. <span class='it'>extraneus</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strangeness,</span></span> shyness, like that of a stranger. Middleton, The
Witch, iii. 2 (Isabella).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strappado,</span></span> a kind of torture. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 262. The torture
consisted in drawing a person up by his arms (fastened together behind
his back), and then letting him drop suddenly with a jerk, which inflicted
severe pain. The word has been turned into a Spanish-looking form, but
it appears to be rather of Italian origin. Ital. <span class='it'>strappata</span>, a pulling-up
(Florio). Cp. F. <span class='it'>strapade</span> (16th cent., Godefroy); <span class='it'>estrapade</span> (Dict. de l’Acad.,
1762). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strapple,</span></span> to fasten, bind, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy);
to impede; id., tr. of Iliad xvi, 438. In W. Yorks. ‘to strapple’ means
to bind, make fast with a cord, &amp;c. (EDD.). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>strapeles</span>, fastenings
of breeches; <span class='it'>strapils</span>, Cath. Angl.; see Dict. M. and S.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>streak,</span></span> to stretch. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 36, 57. In
prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Streak, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>streken</span>
(Hampole, Ps. lxxix. 12); <span class='it'>strekis</span>, stretches (Wars Alex. 1953).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='strene'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strene,</span></span> generation, breed, race, lineage; ‘Dame Nature’s strene’, The
Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 55; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 32; vi. 6. 9.
ME. <span class='it'>streen</span>, race, progeny (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 157); OE. (Anglian) <span class='it'>strēnan</span>
(WS. <span class='it'>strīenan</span>), to beget, generate. See <span class='bold'><a href='#strain1'>strain</a></span> (race).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strength,</span></span> a fortress, a strong defence, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 2
(Donusa); v. 6. (end); ‘Sin (or Pelusium) the strength of Egypt’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>,
Ezek. xxx. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>streperous,</span></span> noisy. Heywood, Dialogue I, The Shipwrack (Adolphus);
vol. vi, p. 101; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 6. 6. Cp. L. <span class='it'>obstreperus</span>,
noisy, clamorous (Apuleius, Florida, 126); deriv. of <span class='it'>strepere</span>, to make a noise.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strich,</span></span> the screech-owl. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 36. L. <span class='it'>strix</span>, Gk. στρίγξ.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strike:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>strike me luck</span>, used in striking a bargain, and giving
earnest upon it; said by the recipient of the money. Beaumont and Fl.,
Scornful Lady, ii. 3 (Young Loveless); Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 540.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strike,</span></span> to steal (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); to
pick a purse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (1 Cutpurse). See Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>striker,</span></span> a libertine (Cant). Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 Court.);
Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stringer,</span></span> a wencher (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle,
i. 1 (Wife).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strip,</span></span> to outstrip. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 4; to go very rapidly,
‘The swiftest hound, when he is hallowed, strippes forth’, Gosson,
School of Abuse (Halliwell).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strives</span> (<span class='bold'>?</span>)<span class='bold'>.</span></span> ‘They [ants] startle forth in troupes of striues’, Twyne,
tr. of Aeneid, bk. xiii. [1583]; fol. <span style='font-size:smaller'>U</span> 5, back.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stroke,</span></span> to flatter, soothe, B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers (Opinion);
<span class='it'>stroker</span>, a flatterer, id., Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Keep). OE. <span class='it'>strācian</span>, to
stroke, caress, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>streichōn</span>, ‘demulcere’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strommel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#strummel'>strummel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strong,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> strung, furnished with strings; ‘Playing on yvorie harp
with silver strong’, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 16.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stroot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stroot, strout,</span></span> to swell out, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 402; Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, i. 464; to be filled full, id., xxi, line 4 from end. ME. <span class='it'>strowtyn</span>,
‘turgeo’ (Prompt. EETS. 468). Cp. G. <span class='it'>strotzen</span>, to swell. See <span class='bold'><a href='#strut'>strut</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='strossers'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strossers,</span></span> tight drawers. Hen. V, iii. 7. 57; ‘The Italian close
strosser’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook (Nares). See Dyce’s Glossary to Shaks.
See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strout;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#stroot'>stroot</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stroy,</span></span> to destroy. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 15. ME. <span class='it'>stroyen</span>, to destroy
(P. Plowman, B. xv. 387).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='strummel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strummel,</span></span> straw (Cant); ‘The doxy’s in the strummel’, Broome,
Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal); <span class='it'>strommel</span>, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen);
Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). Hence <span class='it'>strummel-patched</span>,
‘Strummel-patch’d, goggle-eyed grumbledories’, B. Jonson, Every Man out
of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). Perhaps the same word as <span class='it'>strummel</span>, E. Anglian
for an untidy rough head of hair (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='strut'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strut,</span></span> to swell out. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Pastoral, iv. 25. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#stroot'>stroot</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stryfull,</span></span> strife-full, contentious. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='stuck'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stuck,</span></span> in Hamlet, iv. 7. 161, ‘Your venom’d stuck’, usually explained
as = <span class='it'>stoccado</span>, a thrust with a rapier, but it may mean the rapier itself.
Cp. Cotgrave: ‘<span class='it'>Estoc</span>, a rapier or tuck, also a thrust.’ See <span class='bold'><a href='#stock1'>stock</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>studde,</span></span> stock or stem of a tree. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 13.
‘Stud’ is in prov. use for an upright post, an upright piece of wood to
which laths are nailed, hence ‘stud and mud’ buildings (Nottingham),
the same as ‘wattle and dab’. ME. <span class='it'>stode</span>, or stake, ‘palus’ (Voc. 600. 4),
OE. <span class='it'>studu</span>, a post (Ælfred, Beda, iii. 10); cp. Icel. <span class='it'>stoð</span>, a post. See Dict.
(s.v. Stud).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stulpe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#stoop1'>stoop</a></span> (a post).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stum,</span></span> unfermented wine, must. B. Jonson, Leges Conviviales, st. 5;
Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 569; Dryden, The Medal, 270. Hence <span class='it'>stummed wine</span>,
wine made from unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, new strong
wine, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 3 (L. Dunce); Prior, Scaligeriana, 2.
<span class='it'>Stum</span>, to make lively as with new wine, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 2
(Dorimant). Du. <span class='it'>stom</span>, stum, ‘the flower of fermenting wine’; <span class='it'>gestomde
wyn</span>, ‘stummed, sophisticated wine’ (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stupe,</span></span> a piece of tow or flannel dipped in warm liquor, and applied to
a wound. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 2 (Dorilaus). L. <span class='it'>stuppa</span>,
tow.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stutte,</span></span> to stutter. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Tibullus); ‘I stutte,
<span class='it'>Je besgue</span>’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Stutt). ME.
<span class='it'>stotyn</span>, ‘balbucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 468); <span class='it'>stutte</span>, ‘balbutire’ (Cath. Angl.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sty, stie,</span></span> to ascend, mount up, rise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 25; ii. 7.
46; iv. 9. 33; Muiopotmos, 42. ME. <span class='it'>stien</span>, to ascend (Wyclif, John xx. 17).
OE. <span class='it'>stīgan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>styfemoder,</span></span> stepmother. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 41. 21. Du. <span class='it'>stiefmoeder</span>
(Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>subact,</span></span> to subdue. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 8. L.
<span class='it'>subactus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>subigere</span>, to subdue, reduce.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>subeth.</span></span> ‘You are subject to subeth, unkindly sleeps’, Middleton,
Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 4 (Sweetball). F. <span class='it'>subet</span>, ‘a lethargy’ (Cotgr.).
Med. L. <span class='it'>subitus</span> = L. <span class='it'>sopitus</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>sopire</span>, to deprive of consciousness, to
lull to sleep; see Ducange.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sublime,</span></span> to cause to pass off in a state of vapour. B. Jonson, Alchem.
i. 1 (Mammon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>submit,</span></span> to let down, lower, allow to subside. Dryden, To Lord
Chancellor Clarendon, 139; <span class='it'>submitted</span>, lowered, Astrae Redux, 249.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>succeed,</span></span> to follow after. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 8. L. <span class='it'>succedere</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>success,</span></span> issue, result (good or bad); ‘What is the success?’, Ant. and
Cl. iii. 5. 6; ‘Such vile success’, Othello, iii. 3. 222; descent from parents,
succession, ‘Our parents’ noble names, In whose success we are gentle’,
Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 394.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>successive,</span></span> successful. Lady Alimony, iii. 1 (2 Citizen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>succussation,</span></span> trotting. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iv, c. 6,
§ 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 48. L. <span class='it'>succussare</span>, to jolt.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sucket,</span></span> a dried sweetmeat, sugar-plum. Beaumont and Fl., Sea
Voyage, v. 2. 31; Tourneur, Atheist’s Tragedy, ii. 5 (Levidulcia); Levins,
Manipulus. In prov. use in Leic., Shropsh., and Devon (EDD.). OF.
<span class='it'>succade</span>, also <span class='it'>sucrade</span>, ‘chose sucrée, dragée, sucrerie’ (Godefroy); O. Prov.
<span class='it'>sucrada</span>, ‘sucrée’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sufferance,</span></span> pain; Meas. for M. ii. 4. 167; loss, Othello, ii. 1. 23. F.
<span class='it'>souffrance</span>, ‘sufferance, forbearance, also, need, poverty, penury’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suffragate,</span></span> to support by a vote, to be subsidiary to, to aid. Dryden,
Prol. to the Univ. of Oxford, 31. L. <span class='it'>suffragare</span>, to vote for.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sugar-loaf,</span></span> a high-crowned hat. Westward Ho, v. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sugerchest,</span></span> the name of a kind of wood; ‘To flesh and blood this
Tree but wormewood seemes, How ere the name may be of Sugerchest’,
Davies, Holy Roode, Dedication (Davies, Suppl. Eng. Gloss.); Ascham,
Toxophilus, pp. 123, 125.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suggill,</span></span> to beat black and blue; to cudgel. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 1039.
L. <span class='it'>sugillare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suitor,</span></span> pronounced so as to resemble <span class='it'>shooter</span>; ‘A Lady .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. hadde three
<span class='it'>sutors</span>, and yet never a good archer’, Lyly, Euphues, p. 293.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sulk,</span></span> to furrow, plough, cleave. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 118; ii.
218. L. <span class='it'>sulcus</span>, a furrow.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sultanin,</span></span> an Arabic coin; ‘A thousand golden sultanins’, Dryden,
Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha). Arab, <span class='it'>sulṭânîy</span>, belonging to a sovereign;
a sultanine (a gold coin about nine shillings), Richardson. Arab, <span class='it'>sulṭân</span>,
a sultan.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>summed,</span></span> a term in falconry, having all the feathers complete; ‘The
muse from Cambria comes with pinions summ’d and sound’, Drayton,
Pol. xi, p. 859 (Nares); ‘My prompted song .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. with prosperous wing full
summ’d’, Milton, P. R. i. 14; ‘(The birds) feathered soon and fledge .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
summed their pens’, id., P. L. vii. 421; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> of clothes, ‘Till you be
summ’d again—velvets and scarlets’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without
Money, iii. 4 (Lance).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sumpter,</span></span> a driver of a pack-horse, King Lear, ii. 4. 219; Sir Thos.
More, iii. 2. 43. ME. <span class='it'>sumpter</span> (King Alisaunder, 6023), OF. <span class='it'>sommetier</span>,
a pack-horse driver (Roquefort), O. Prov. <span class='it'>saumatier</span>, ‘conducteur de bêtes
de somme’ (Levy), Med. L. <span class='it'>saumaterius</span> (Ducange, s.v. Sagma), deriv. of
<span class='it'>saumarius</span>, <span class='it'>sagmarius</span>, a pack-horse. See <span class='bold'><a href='#somer'>somer</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>supply,</span></span> to supplicate, beseech. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 49. F.
<span class='it'>supplier</span>, L. <span class='it'>supplicare</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suppose,</span></span> a supposition, conjecture. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; Tr. and Cr.
i. 3. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surantler;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#antlier'>antlier</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surbate,</span></span> to tire out the feet with walking. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 34;
Turbervile, Hunting, c. 6 (end), p. 15; A Cure for a Cuckold, ii. 4 (Woodroff);
<span class='it'>surbet</span>, pp., ‘A traveiler with feet surbet’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 22. Hence
<span class='it'>surbater</span>, one who wearies another out, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 3
(Metaphor). Cp. Cotgrave, ‘<span class='it'>Surbature</span>, a surbating’; also, ‘<span class='it'>Soubatture</span>, a
surbating, or surbate’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surcease,</span></span> prop. a law-term, a delay allowed or ordered by authority;
arrest, stop, cessation. Macbeth, i. 7. 8; to delay, to desist, Prayer Book,
Ordin. Deacons; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 13; Coriolanus, iii. 2. 121; Lucrece,
1766; Chapman, tr. Iliad, vii. 45. OF. <span class='it'>sursis</span>, delay, stop (Littré), Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>sursise</span> (Laws of William); <span class='it'>sursis</span>, pp. of Norm. F. <span class='it'>surseër</span> (F. <span class='it'>surseoir</span>), to
pause, intermit (Moisy), Mod. L. <span class='it'>supersedere</span>, to delay (Ducange). In
Law L. a writ of <span class='it'>supersedeas</span> is issued to stay proceedings, L. <span class='it'>supersedere</span>,
to desist from. <span class='it'>Surcease</span> owes its form to association with <span class='it'>cease</span> (F. <span class='it'>cesser</span>).
Tho original pronunciation of the <span class='it'>i</span> in <span class='it'>sursis</span> is preserved as in <span class='it'>caprice</span>, <span class='it'>police</span>,
<span class='it'>machine</span>, <span class='it'>marine</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surcingle,</span></span> a girth, a girdle. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4
(Captain). OF. <span class='it'>sourcengle</span> (Godefroy). L. <span class='it'>super</span>, above; <span class='it'>cingulum</span>, a belt,
girdle, from <span class='it'>cingere</span>, to gird.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sure,</span></span> indissolubly joined, firmly united. Merry Wives, v. 5. 249;
L. L. L. v. 2. 286; affianced, betrothed, ‘A woman he was sure unto’,
Records of Oxford, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1530, p. 75.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surfle, surfell, surphle,</span></span> to wash with sulphur-water or other
cosmetic. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Maquerelle); Ford, Love’s Sacrifice,
ii. 1 (Mauruccio). OF. <span class='it'>soufrer</span>, to impregnate with sulphur or with sulphur-vapour
(Godefroy, Supp.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surquedry,</span></span> presumption, pride, arrogance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 31;
Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalaura); Drayton, Owl, p. 1301
(Nares); <span class='it'>surcuidrie</span>, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvii. 20. ME. <span class='it'>surquidrie</span>, presumption
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 403), arrogance (id., Tr. and Cr. i. 213). Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>surquiderie</span> (Gower, Mirour, 1443), OF. <span class='it'>surcuiderie</span>, arrogance; cp. <span class='it'>cuider</span>,
<span class='it'>quider</span> (Ch. Rol.), L. <span class='it'>cogitare</span>, to think.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='surreined'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surreined,</span></span> overridden, that has felt the ‘rein’ too much. Hen. V,
iii. 5. 19. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sooreyn'>sooreyn</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surround,</span></span> to overflow; ‘Surround, or overflow, <span class='it'>oultre couler</span>’, Sherwood,
so also Cotgrave; ‘By thencrease of waters dyvers londes .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. ben surrounded
and destroyed’, Statutes, 4 Hen. VII, c. 7 (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1489). OF. <span class='it'>soronder</span>,
to overflow, see Burguy and Roquefort, Norm. F. <span class='it'>surunder</span>, <span class='it'>soronder</span> (Moisy);
Med. L. <span class='it'>superundare</span> ‘abonder’ (Ducange). See Notes on Eng. Etym.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sursurrara,</span></span> a writ of <span class='it'>certiorari</span>. Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4 (Tangle).
See Stanford (s.v. Certiorari), Nares (s.v. Sasarara), and EDD. (s.v.
Siserary).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suscitate,</span></span> to stir up, Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 26, § 4; <span class='it'>suscitability</span>,
aptness to move, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). L. <span class='it'>suscitare</span>, to arouse.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suspect,</span></span> suspicion. Comedy of Errors, iii. 1. 87; Rich. III, i. 3. 89;
B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 4. Very common in authors of this period.
Med. L. <span class='it'>suspectus</span>, ‘suspicio’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>sospet</span>, ‘soupçon’
(Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suspire,</span></span> to draw a breath; used of a new-born child, King John, iii. 4.
80; used of a dying man, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 5. 32; a deep breath, a sigh,
Massinger, Old Law, v. 1 (Cleanthes); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules),
in Wks., iii. 249. L. <span class='it'>suspirare</span>, to draw a deep breath.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swad,</span></span> a clown, a rustic. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts); Lyly,
Midas, iv. 3 (Petulus). A north-country word for a stupid fellow, see
EDD. (s.v. Swad, sb.<sup>3</sup>). Prob. identical with <span class='it'>swad</span>, a sod, a clod, see EDD.
(s.v. Sward, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swaddle,</span></span> to beat, cudgel. Fletcher, Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick); Butler,
Hud. i. 1. 24; Cotgrave (s.v. Chaperon); ‘To swaddle or cudgel, <span class='it'>bastonner</span>’,
Sherwood. <span class='it'>To swaddle a person’s sides</span>, ‘to beat him soundly’, is a Kentish
phrase, Kennett, Par. Antiq. (ann. 1695). See EDD. (s.v. Swaddle, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2).
See Halliwell, and Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swag,</span></span> to sway aside; ‘To swag on one side, <span class='it'>pencher tout d’un costé</span>’,
Sherwood; Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 1 (Harebrain). See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swage,</span></span> to ‘assuage’. Milton, Samson, 184; P. L. i. 556; Gascoigne,
Fruites of Warre, st. 120. In common prov. use in this sense (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>swagyn</span>, ‘mitigo’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swale,</span></span> a cool shade; ‘Trees which gave a pleasant swale’, Golding,
Metam. v. 336 (L. <span class='it'>umbra</span>); fol. 60, back (1603). An E. Anglian word, see
EDD. (s.v. Swale, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>swale</span>, ‘umbra, umbraculum’ (Prompt.
EETS. 444). Icel. <span class='it'>sval</span>, a cool breeze; Norw. dial. <span class='it'>svala</span> (Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sward,</span></span> the hard outer rind of bacon; ‘(He) liveth harde with baken
swarde’, Kendall, Flowers of Epigrammes (Nares); ‘The sward of bacon,
<span class='it'>la peau de lard ou d’un jambon</span>,’ Sherwood. In prov. use in various parts of
England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>sward</span> of flesh, ‘coriana’ (Prompt. EETS. 445). OE.
<span class='it'>sweard</span>, rind of bacon, cp. G. <span class='it'>schwarte</span>, skin, rind.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='swarth1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swarth,</span></span> a track, pathway; ‘There is a hardway, and at Binsey the
said way is called in one or two places <span class='it'>the king’s swarth</span> .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. the king’s way’,
Hearne, Reliquiae, Feb. 10 and 11, 1728; ‘The king’s swarth (formerly
called also Port street), beyond New Parks by Oxford, went over by a
bridge the river Charwell’, id., April 23, 1720. OE. <span class='it'>swaðu</span>, a track.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#swath'>swath</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swarth,</span></span> in Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 162, ‘By great swarths’, apparently ‘in
great quantities’. In Cheshire they speak of a heavy hay-crop being
‘a good swarth’, see EDD. (s.v. Swarth, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Probably the same word as
<span class='bold'><a href='#swath'>swath</a>,</span> q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swarth,</span></span> black, dark, swarthy. Titus And. ii. 3. 72; Two Noble Kinsmen,
iv. 2. 27; Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 343. A Kentish form (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swarty,</span></span> dark, ‘swarthy’. Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. 1 (Caratach); Titus
And. ii. 3. 72 (in the quarto editions). See Dict. (s.v. Swart).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swash,</span></span> to strike violently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 53, 125. In
prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swash,</span></span> a swaggering bully. Three Ladies of London (Fraud), in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, vi. 254; Britannia Triumphans, 1637 (Nares). Also <span class='it'>swasher</span>,
Hen. V, iii. 2. 30; <span class='it'>swashing</span>, blustering, As You Like It, i. 3. 122; tremendous,
crushing, Romeo, i. 1. 70. In prov. use ‘to swash’ means to swagger,
to walk with a boastful air; ‘a swasher’ is a swaggerer, see EDD.
(s.v. Swash, 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swash-buckler,</span></span> one who ‘swashes’ or beats his buckler, Beaumont
and Fl., Bloody Brother, v. 2 (Latorch); Faithful Friends, i. 2. 7; ‘<span class='it'>Mangia-ferro</span>,
<span class='it'>Mangia-cadenacci</span>, a devourer of iron-bolts, a swash-buckler, a
bragging toss-blade, a swaggerer’, Florio; ‘<span class='it'>Bravache</span>, swaggerer, swash-buckler’,
Cotgrave. See Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swash-ruter,</span></span> a swaggaring soldier, a swaggerer. Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, i. 544. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rutter'>rutter</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='swath'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swath,</span></span> a row of grass mown; ‘The Greeks fall down before him like
the mower’s swath’, Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 25; ‘Grass lately in swaths is meat
for an ox’, Tusser, Husbandry. In prov. use in various parts of England
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>swath</span> of mowing, ‘falcidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 445); <span class='it'>swathe</span>,
‘orbita falcatoris’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>swæð</span>, a track, the track of a plough,
‘somita’ (B. T.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#swarth1'>swarth</a></span> (a track).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swathling-clothes,</span></span> swaddling-clothes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 112
(Q. edd.). ME. <span class='it'>swathlen</span>, to swaddle; <span class='it'>swaþeling-bonde</span>, a swaddling-band
(Cursor Mundi, 1343). See Dict. (s.v. Swaddle).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swatley.</span></span> ‘Ay mun cut off the lugs and naes [ears and nose] on ’em
[of him]; he’ll be a pretty swatley fellow, bawt [without] lugs and naes’,
Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). Meaning unexplained.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sweam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sweam,</span></span> faintness, attack of dizziness; ‘The slothfull sweames of sluggardye’,
Mirror for Mag., Iago, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘Sweam or swaim, <span class='it'>subita
aegrotatio</span>’, Gouldman. ‘Sweem’ is a Somerset word for a state of giddiness
or faintness, see EDD. (s.v. Swim, sb.<sup>2</sup>). Cognate with OE. <span class='it'>swīma</span>,
dizziness, giddiness (B. T.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sweme'>sweme</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sweet-breasted,</span></span> sweet-voiced, having a sweet voice. Beaumont and
Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swelt,</span></span> to faint, swoon; ‘In weary woes to swelt’, Gascoigne (Nares);
<span class='it'>swelt</span>, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 9; vi. 12. 21. Still in use in the north
country, see EDD. (s.v. Swelt, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). ME. <span class='it'>swelten</span>, to faint, languish
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1356); to die (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. 347). OE. <span class='it'>sweltan</span>,
to die.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swelter,</span></span> to exude; ‘Toad .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. that has .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. swelter’d venom’, Macbeth,
iv. 1. 8. In prov. use in the sense of a profuse perspiration, see
EDD. (s.v. Swelter, 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swelth,</span></span> a whirlpool; ‘A deadly gulfe .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. With foule black swelth’,
Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 31; ‘Rude Acheron .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. with swelth as
black as hell’, id., 69, see Nares. ME. <span class='it'>swelth</span> of a water, ‘vorago’ (Prompt.
EETS. 445, see note, no. 2179).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='sweme'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sweme,</span></span> grief; ‘His hert began to melt For veray sweme of this
swemeful tale’, Lydgate (Halliwell). ME. <span class='it'>sweem</span>, grief (Prompt., Harl.
MS.); <span class='it'>swem</span> (Gen. and Ex. 1961). Cp. OE. <span class='it'>ā-swǣman</span>, to be grieved,
‘tabescere’ (Ps. cxviii. 158 (Lambeth)). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sweam'>sweam</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sweven,</span></span> a dream. Morte Arthur, leaf 27. 1; bk. i, c. 13; Ordinary,
Old Play, x. 236 (Nares). ME. <span class='it'>sweven</span> (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 28). OE. <span class='it'>swefn</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swill-bowl,</span></span> a heavy drinker; spelt <span class='it'>swiel bolle</span>. Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Cicero, § 65.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swinge,</span></span> to beat, thrash, lash, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money,
iv. 5 (Valentine); Two Gent. ii. 1. 91; King John, ii. 1. 288; 2 Hen. IV,
v. 4. 21; to lash, as with a long tail, Milton, Nativ. 172; sway, tyranny,
Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 26. In prov. use in Scotland and England
in the sense of to beat, thrash (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>swyngyn</span>, also, <span class='it'>swengyn</span>, to
shake (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>swengan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swinge,</span></span> to singe. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 26. In common prov. use in
Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swinge-buckler,</span></span> a swash-buckler. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 24.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='swink'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swink,</span></span> to toil, labour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 8, 36, 58 <span class='it'>swinkt</span>, pp.,
wearied with toil, ‘The swinkt hedger’, Milton, Comus, 293; labour,
toil, ‘How great sport they gaynen with little swincke’, Spenser, Shep.
Kal., May, 36; Sidney, Arcadia, p. 398 (Nares). ‘To swink’, to toil, work
hard, is in use in Galloway, ‘Lord, but he swankit it that day!’ (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>swinken</span>, to toil, <span class='it'>swink</span>, toil (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>swincan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swithe,</span></span> quickly. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, ii. 47 (Nares); <span class='it'>swithe
and tite</span>, quickly and at once, id., i. 4. 13. In common use in Scotland,
see EDD. (s.v. Swith). ME. <span class='it'>swythe</span>, quickly, immediately (Chaucer, C. T.
<span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 796, and <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 637). OE. <span class='it'>swīðe</span>, strongly. See <span class='bold'><a href='#tit'>tit</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Switzer,</span></span> one of a Swiss mercenary guard. Webster, White Devil
(Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 12; Hamlet, iv. 5. 97; <span class='it'>Switzers</span>, inhabitants of
Switzerland, Bacon, Essay 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swoop,</span></span> a sweeping movement, rush. Macbeth, iv. 3. 219; Webster,
White Devil (beginning); ed. Dyce, p. 5. <span class='it'>Swoopstake</span> (old edd. <span class='it'>soopstake</span>),
drawing the whole stake at once, indiscriminately, Hamlet, iv. 5. 141.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swough,</span></span> a heavy murmuring sound. Morte Arthur, leaf 83. 20;
bk. v, c. 4. Cp. the prov. words, ‘swow’ and ‘sough’ in EDD. ME.
<span class='it'>swowyn</span>, to make a murmuring sound (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>swōgan</span>, to make
a noise like the wind.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swound,</span></span> to ‘swoon’. Fletcher, Night-Walker, i. 4. 8; Middleton,
Mayor of Queenb. v. 1 (Oliver); a swoon, Dryden, Palamon, i. 537; iii. 982.
In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sowne2'>sowne</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>syke,</span></span> such. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A north-country
form, see EDD. (s.v. Such). ME. <span class='it'>sike</span> (Wars Alex. 126) OE. <span class='it'>swilc</span> (<span class='it'>swylc</span>).
See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Swyche).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='symarr'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>symarr,</span></span> a loose robe for a lady: Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 341. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#cymar'>cymar</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>synnet;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sennet'>sennet</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>synteresis,</span></span> a word said to have been invented by John Damascene,
and used by Aquinas and the schoolmen in the sense of ‘observation’
of the laws of right and wrong as exercised by the conscience, self-reproach.
Nabbes, Microcosmus, v (Conscience); Manchester Al Mondo
(ed. 1902, 39). Gk. συντήρησις, observation, fr. συντηρέω, to observe strictly
(a N. T. word, cp. Mark vi. 20). See C. Bigg’s Introd. to Imitatio Christi,
p. 2 on the L. <span class='it'>sinderesis</span>, iv. 11 (Magd. MS.). The word <span class='it'>sindérèse</span> is used by
French theological writers, Bossuet for example.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sypers,</span></span> a thin textile material, J. Heywood, The Four P’s (Anc. Brit.
Drama, p. 10). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cypress'>cypress</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>syse,</span></span> an allowance or settled ration; <span class='it'>to keepe the syse</span>, to exercise moderation,
Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 10. See Dict. (s.v. Size, 1).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='T'>T</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>T</span></span> for <span class='it'>to</span>, freq. profixed to verbs; as in <span class='it'>tabandon</span>, to abandon, <span class='it'>tescape</span>, to
escape; so in Chaucer, <span class='it'>tabyde</span>, <span class='it'>tacoye</span>, <span class='it'>tamende</span>, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tabid,</span></span> liable to waste away. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 19;
<span class='it'>tabidly inclined</span>, id., § 4. L. <span class='it'>tabidus</span>, wasting away.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tabine,</span></span> ‘tabby’, a stuff orig. striped, later waved or watered. Middleton,
Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 6. Ital. <span class='it'>tabino</span>, ‘tabine’ (Florio). See NED.
(s.v. Tabby).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>table,</span></span> the tablet or panel on which a picture is painted; ‘I beheld
myself drawn in the flattering table of her eye’, King John, ii. 504; ‘To
sit and draw his arched brows .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. in our heart’s table’, All’s Well, i. 1.
106; a picture, ‘The figure of a hangman In a table of the Passion’,
Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2. 5; Sir T. Elyot, Governour
(ed. Croft, ii. 422). L. <span class='it'>tabula</span>, a painted tablet or panel of a picture.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>table,</span></span> a writing-tablet. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Hab. ii. 2; Luke i. 63; 2 Cor. iii. 3;
<span class='it'>tables</span>, a set of tablets, a note-book, Hamlet, i. 5. 107; also, <span class='it'>table-book</span>, id.,
ii. 2. 136; hence, <span class='it'>tabled</span>, noted, set down, Cymbeline, i. 4. 6. ME. <span class='it'>table</span>:
‘a peyre of tables all of yvory’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1741). L. <span class='it'>tabula</span>, a writing-tablet.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tables,</span></span> the ordinary name for backgammon, L. L. L. v. 2. 326. See
Nares. ME. <span class='it'>tables</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 900), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>juer as tables</span> (Ch. Rol.
l. 111).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tabourine,</span></span> a small drum. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 275. F. <span class='it'>tabourin</span> (Dict.
de l’Acad., 1694), see Hatzfeld (s.v. Tambourin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tabride,</span></span> a ‘tabard’; a surcoat worn over armour and emblazoned
with armorial bearings. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 27. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tache,</span></span> a fault or vice. Warner, Alb. England, xiii. 77. 318 (NED.);
to find fault with, id., bk. x, ch. 58. ME. <span class='it'>tache</span> (<span class='it'>tacche</span>), a stain, blemish,
fault (P. Plowman, B. ix. 146). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>tache</span>, a stain, blemish (Gower,
Mirour, 1231).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tack,</span></span> that which fastens. Phr. <span class='it'>to hold tack with</span>, to hold one’s ground
with; to be even with; ‘A thousande pounde with Lyberte may holde
no tacke’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2084; to be a match for, to hold at bay,
Drayton, Pol. xi. 48; <span class='it'>to hold tack</span>, to hold out, to endure, Butler, Hud.
i. 3. 277.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tack,</span></span> a smack, taste or flavour which lasts, holds out. Drayton, Pol.
xix. 130; ‘<span class='it'>Le poisson pique</span>, begins to have a tacke or ill taste’, Cotgrave.
The same word as above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tackle,</span></span> a mistress, a trull (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1
(Belfond Senior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tag,</span></span> a rabble, mob. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 248; <span class='it'>tag-rag people</span>, the mob,
Julius C. i. 2. 260; ‘<span class='it'>Tagge and ragge</span>, cutte and longe tayle’ (i.e. a mixed
mob), Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 45.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taillee,</span></span> to ‘tally’, to keep account, at the game of basset. Farquhar,
Sir H. Wildair, i. 1 (Parly); ‘You used to taillee with success’, id., ii. 2
(Lurewell).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taint,</span></span> a successful hit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 374; vii. 222.
ME. <span class='it'>taynte</span>, a ‘hit’ in tilting (NED., s.v. Taint, sb. 1). Short for <span class='it'>attaint</span>,
F. ‘<span class='it'>attainte</span>, a reach, hit, home touch’ (Cotgr.), OF. <span class='it'>atainte</span> (<span class='it'>ateinte</span>), deriv.
of <span class='it'>ataindre</span>, to attain unto, to touch.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taint,</span></span> to ‘hit’ in tilting. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. ii. 1
(Carlo); Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 3 (near end); Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine,
i. 3; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 259.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taint,</span></span> to ‘tent’, to search a wound. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 65, 314.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tainture,</span></span> an imputation of dishonour. Fletcher, Thierry, i. 1. 1;
Sandys, tr. of Ovid’s Metam. i. 20. See NED. (s.v. Attainture).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>take me with you,</span></span> let me understand you clearly, i.e. do not go
faster than I can follow you; be explicit; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 506. <span class='it'>Take us
with you</span>, understand us clearly, A Cure for a Cuckold (near the end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>take order,</span></span> to take measures, to make arrangements. North, tr. of
Plutarch, Julius Caes., § 9 (in Shak. Plut., p. 52); Octavius, § 8 (p. 246);
Bacon, Essay 36; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Macc. iv. 27.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>take up,</span></span> to check oneself, stop short. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 13, 1661;
Massinger, Picture, v. 3 (Mathias); to settle, arrange amicably a quarrel,
As You Like It, v. 4. 104; to take up one’s quarters, B. Jonson, Staple of
News, iv. 2; Pepys, Diary, Oct. 14, 1662.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taken with the maner;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#maner'>maner</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taking,</span></span> a disturbed state of mind, state of agitation. Merry Wives,
iii. 3. 191; also, malignant influence, King Lear, iii. 4. 61. Very common
in prov. use in the sense of a state of agitation. See EDD. (s.v. Taking, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taking,</span></span> infectious. King Lear, ii. 4. 166; Fletcher, The False One,
iv. 3 (Septimius). Still in use in Cumberland in this sense, ‘It’s a varra
takkan disease’, see EDD. (s.v. Taking, 1 (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tale,</span></span> a specified number, that which is counted. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Exod. v. 8. 18;
1 Sam. xviii. 27; 1 Chron. ix. 28; ‘Every shepherd tells his tale’ (i.e.
counts his sheep), Milton, L’Allegro, 67 (but meaning in this passage
disputed).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>talent,</span></span> the talon of a bird of prey. For <span class='it'>talon</span>. L. L. L. iv. 2. 65; Two
Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 44; ‘Talant of an hauk’, Levins, Manip. Hence
<span class='it'>talenter</span>, a bird of prey with talons, as a hawk, Middleton and Rowley,
World Tost at Tennis (Denmark House).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tall,</span></span> valiant, brave. Ant. and Cl. ii. 6. 7; often used ironically, as in
Merry Wives, ii. 2. 11; &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tallage,</span></span> a tax, impost, levy, rate, toll; ‘Tallages and taxations’, North,
tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 12 (in Shak. Plut., p. 171). Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>tallage</span>, ‘taille, taxe’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Tally).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tallow-catch,</span></span> 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 256 (so Quartos and Folios). The
form and meaning doubtful. Supposed by some to = <span class='it'>tallow-ketch</span>, i.e. a tub
filled with tallow; by others = <span class='it'>tallow keech</span>, a round lump of fat. See <span class='bold'><a href='#keech'>keech</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>talwood,</span></span> wood cut into billets for burning; firewood. Skelton, Why
Come ye nat to Courte, 79; Tasser, Husbandry, § 53. 12. A Sussex word
(EDD.). A rendering of OF. <span class='it'>bois de tail</span>, ‘bois en coupe’ (Godefroy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tamin,</span></span> a kind of thin woollen stuff; ‘In an old tamin gown’, Massinger,
New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach). F. <span class='it'>étamine</span>, stamin; ‘<span class='it'>estamine</span>,
the stuff Tamine’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tancrete,</span></span> transcribed, copied. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte,
417. OF. <span class='it'>tanscrit</span>, for <span class='it'>transcrit</span>, transcribed (Godefroy, s.v. <span class='it'>transcrit</span>), L.
<span class='it'>transcriptum</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tanling,</span></span> one that is tanned by the heat of the sun. Cymbeline,
iv. 4. 29.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tannikin, tannakin, tanakin,</span></span> a dimin. pet-form of the name
Anna, used especially for a German or Dutch girl. Marston, Dutch
Courtezan, i. 1 (Freevil); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Eyre).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tanti,</span></span> so much for (you); an exclamation of depreciation and contempt.
Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1. 22; Fuimus Troes, iii. 7 (Eulinus). L.
<span class='it'>tanti</span>, of so much value.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Tantony,</span></span> for <span class='it'>St. Anthony</span>; often with reference to the attributes with
which the saint was accompanied; as a crutch, a pouch, or a pig; ‘His
tantonie pouch’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Riscio); ‘Like a tantony pig’,
Bickerstaff, Love in a Village, i. 5. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Saint Anthony).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tapet,</span></span> a cloth on which tapestry is worked. Spenser, Muiopotmos,
276; <span class='it'>tapets</span>, pl. tapestries; met. foliage of trees, Mirror for Mag., Induction,
st. 1. OE. <span class='it'>tæppet</span>, Late L. <span class='it'>tapetum</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tappish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tappish,</span></span> to lurk, lie, hid. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxii. 158; <span class='it'>tappis</span>,
Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Tillyvally); <span class='it'>tappes’d</span>, hidden, Shadwell, Squire of
Alsatia, v. 1 (Cheatly). F. <span class='it'>tapir</span>, to hide; <span class='it'>se tapir</span>, to crouch, lie close,
lurk (Cotgr.); pres. part, <span class='it'>tapissant</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#untappice'>untappice</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taratantara,</span></span> the blast of a trumpet; ‘Christ .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. in the clowdes of
heaven with his Taratantara sounding’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed.
Furnivall, 24); ‘The noise of tarantara’s clang’, Grimald, Death of
Zoroas, 2. Onomatopoetic, cp. L. <span class='it'>taratantara</span> (Ennius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>targe,</span></span> shield. Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 57; Milton, P. L. ix. 1111.
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>targe</span>, a buckler (Ch. Rol. 3569).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>target,</span></span> a light round buckler. Hall, Chron. Henry VIII, 2; North,
tr. of Plutarch, Julius Caesar, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., 54). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarmagon,</span></span> a termagant, a virago, vixen. Lady Alimony, i. 4. 1. See
Dict. (s.v. Termagant).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarpawlin,</span></span> a sailor, jack-tar. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin).
The same as <span class='it'>tarpaulin</span>, a tarred canvas covering. See Trench, Select
Glossary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarras, tarrass,</span></span> a terrace. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5; Chapman, May-day,
Act v (Lodovico). Hence, <span class='it'>tarrest</span>, terraced, provided with terraces; Heywood,
London’s Jus Honorarium; Works, iv. 276.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarre on,</span></span> to set on a dog, to incite him to bite, King John, iv. 1. 117;
Hamlet, ii. 2. 370; ‘To tarr on’, meaning to excite to anger, is in common
use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>terre</span>, to provoke: ‘Nyle ye terre youre
sones to wraththe’ (Wyclif, Eph. vi. 4). OE. <span class='it'>tergan</span>, to vex, see B. T. (s.v.
Tirgan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarsell,</span></span> a tercel, male hawk. Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 558. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#tassel'>tassel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Tartarian,</span></span> a Tartar; a cant word for a thief. Merry Devil, i. 1. 13;
Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='task'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>task,</span></span> to tax. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 92. Norm. F. <span class='it'>tasque</span>, taxe, règlement
imposé par l’autorité pour le prix de certaines marchandises (Moisy),
Med. L. <span class='it'>tasca</span> (Ducange), L. <span class='it'>taxare</span>, to rate, estimate the value of a thing.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tassaker,</span></span> a cup or goblet; ‘This Dutch tassaker’, Heywood, Rape of
Lucrece, iii. 3 (Valerius). Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tassel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tassel,</span></span> the male of any kind of hawk; ‘<span class='it'>Tiercelet</span>, the Tassel, so termed
because he is commonly a third part less than the female’, Cotgrave;
<span class='it'>tassel-gentle</span>, the male of the falcon, Romeo, ii. 2. 160; <span class='it'>tassel gent</span>, Spenser,
F. Q. iii. 4. 49; <span class='it'>tiercel gentle</span>, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#tercel'>tercel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taste,</span></span> to put to the proof, try, prove to be, Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 267; to
try the use of, to use (in affected speech), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 87; to experience,
to feel, Tempest, v. 1. 123.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tat, tatt,</span></span> a false die; <span class='it'>tatts</span>, pl. false dice (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of
Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). <span class='it'>Tatmonger</span>, a sharper who uses false dice (in the
same scene).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tatler,</span></span> for <span class='it'>tattler</span>, a slang term for a repeater, or a striking watch;
because it <span class='it'>tattles</span> or utters sounds. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1
(Belfond Senior).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tatterdemallion, tatterdimallian,</span></span> a man in tattered clothing;
a ragged fellow. Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon); Howell,
Foreign Travell, sect. vi, p. 37. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taumpin,</span></span> a ‘tampion’, a plug. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 642; ‘Tampyon
for a gon, <span class='it'>tampon</span>’, Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Tampion).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taunt pour taunte,</span></span> tit for tat. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 68.
F. <span class='it'>tant pour tant</span>, one for another (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Taunt).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Taurus:</span></span> ‘Taurus? that’s sides and heart. No, sir, it is legs and
thighs’, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 147. In astrology, the signs of the zodiac
were severally supposed to govern various parts of the body; and Taurus
governed the neck and throat; hence, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby were
both wrong (intentionally so); see Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s,
ii. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tavell,</span></span> the bobbin on which silk is wound for use in the shuttle.
Skelton, Garland of Laurell, 791; Against Comely Coystrowne, 34.
Cp. mod. F. <span class='it'>tavelle</span>, the bobbin on which the silk is wound off the cocoons;
see NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taw,</span></span> to beat, thrash, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula); <span class='it'>tawed</span>,
treated like hides in making them into leather, ‘Greedy care .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. With
tawed handes, and hard ytanned skyn’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction,
st. 39. See Nares and Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taw,</span></span> to draw along. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, l. 14
from end. See Nares (s.v. Tawe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tawdry,</span></span> pl. <span class='it'>tawdries</span>, defined as ‘a kind of necklace worn by country
wenches’; Drayton, Pol. ii. 46; iv. 50. <span class='it'>Tawdry-lace</span>, St. Awdry’s lace,
i.e. lace bought at St. Awdry’s fair at Ely, Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess,
iv. 1 (Amarillis). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tax,</span></span> to take to task, criticize, censure, reprove. Rowley, All’s Lost,
v. 5. 74; Hamlet, i. 4. 18; also, to task, Much Ado, ii. 3. 46. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#task'>task</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teade,</span></span> a torch. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37; id., Muiopotmos, 293;
Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 424. L. <span class='it'>taeda</span>, a torch.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teemed,</span></span> arranged in a ‘team’; said of horses. Spenser, Virgil’s
Gnat, 314.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='teen1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teen,</span></span> harm, injury, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 18; vexation, annoyance,
id., ii. 1. 15; grief, id., ii. 1. 21; ii. 1. 58. In prov. use in the
north country in the sense of anger, vexation, in Scotland also in the
sense of sorrow, grief. ME. <span class='it'>tene</span>, vexation, grief (Chaucer). See Dict.
M. and S. OE. <span class='it'>tēona</span>, damage, harm, insult, calumny.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teen,</span></span> keen; ‘The teenest Rasor’, Lyly, Euphues, pp. 34, 249. Not
found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='teend'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teend,</span></span> to kindle a fire. Herrick, Hesp., Candlemas Day, id., Ceremonies
for Christmas, st. 2. A Lancashire pronunciation, see EDD.
(s.v. Tend, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>teend</span> (Wyclif, Isaiah l. 11); OE. <span class='it'>tendan</span>, in compounds,
as <span class='it'>ontendan</span> (Exod. xxii. 6). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tind'>tind</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tegge,</span></span> a female deer in the second year; ‘Tegge, or pricket, <span class='it'>saillant</span>’,
Palsgrave; Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 193. Skelton has
<span class='it'>tegges</span>, women (used in contempt), Elynour Rummyng, l. 131. ‘Teg’ is
in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the sense of
a yearling sheep before it is shorn (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='teil-tree'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teil-tree,</span></span> a lime-tree or linden. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah vi. 13; <span class='it'>teyle</span>, Golding,
Metam. viii. 620; fol. 102, back (1603). OF. <span class='it'>teil</span>; L. <span class='it'>tilia</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teint,</span></span> tint, colour. Dryden, To Sir G. Kneller, 178. F. <span class='it'>teint</span>, colour,
complexion.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teld,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, told. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 44. In common use in Yorkshire,
see EDD. (s.v. Tell, 2). ME. <span class='it'>telde</span>, told; ‘And thei .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. telden alle these
thingis’ (Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 9). OE. <span class='it'>tealde</span>, also <span class='it'>telede</span> (Leechdoms);
see B. T. (s.v. Tellan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>temper,</span></span> to govern, rule, control. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1294.
L. <span class='it'>temperare</span>, to regulate, control. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tempt,</span></span> to try, essay. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 496; Milton,
P. L. ii. 404. In prov. use (EDD.). L. <span class='it'>temptare</span> (gen. written <span class='it'>tentare</span>), to
attempt, essay.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ten bones,</span></span> the ten fingers. 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 193; Fletcher, Woman’s
Prize, i. 3 (Petruchio); ‘I swear by these ten’ (i.e. ten bones), B. Jonson,
Masque of M. Gipsies (3 Gipsy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tender,</span></span> to treat with kindness, to take care of. Two Gent. iv. 4. 145;
Taming Shrew, Induction, i. 16; Hamlet, i. 3. 107; regard, care, King
Lear, i. 4. 230. See Schmidt.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tenent,</span></span> a tenet, an opinion; ‘There are other assertions and common
Tenents drawn from Scripture’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 22; Earle,
Microcosm., § 11 (ed. Arber, 34). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teniente,</span></span> a lieutenant. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez).
Span. <span class='it'>teniente de una compañia</span>, lieutenant of a company (Neuman); <span class='it'>lugarteniente</span>,
lieutenant (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tent,</span></span> to apply a ‘tent’, or plug of linen, to a wound. Webster, White
Devil (Flamineo); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Colax). ME.
<span class='it'>tent</span> of a wound (Prompt. EETS. 476). F. <span class='it'>tente</span> (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v.
Tent, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tercel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tercel,</span></span> the male of any kind of hawk. Bk. St. Albans (NED.); <span class='it'>tiercel</span>,
Phillips, Dict., 1706. ME. <span class='it'>tercel</span> (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 405 (v.rr. <span class='it'>tersel</span>,
<span class='it'>tarsell</span>); <span class='it'>tarcel</span>, ‘tardarius’ (Voc. 615. 24). OF. <span class='it'>tercel</span> (Godefroy), O. Prov.
<span class='it'>tersol</span> (Levy), Span. <span class='it'>terzuelo</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>terzuolo</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>tertiolus</span> (Ducange), F. <span class='it'>tiercelet</span>
(dimin.), ‘a tassel’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tassel'>tassel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>terlerie-whiskie,</span></span> a twirling about; a phrase of little meaning, in
the refrain of a song. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. iii
(Merrythought). See NED. (s.v. Terlerie).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>termer</span></span> (applied to both sexes), one who resorts to London in term-time
only, for the sake of gain or for intrigue; a frequenter of the law-courts.
Middleton, Roaring Girl (Preface); id., The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo);
Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, i. 1 (Oldcraft).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>termless,</span></span> unlimited, infinite, Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 75;
incapable of being expressed by terms, inexpressible, indescribable,
Lover’s Complaint, 94.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>terre,</span></span> to throw upon the ground; ‘He terr’d his glove’, Warner, Alb.
England, bk. iii, ch. 16, st. 44. A nonce-word.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>terrial.</span></span> ‘The terrials of her legs were stained with blood’ (said of
a hawk), Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Francis). Perhaps an error
for <span class='it'>terret</span>, one of the two rings by which the leash is attached to the jesses
of a hawk (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tertia,</span></span> a regiment of infantry. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1. 6; Dryden,
Conq. of Granada, II. i. 1 (K. Ferdinand). Span. <span class='it'>tercio</span>, a regiment, a
third part (Stevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>testate,</span></span> a witness. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., v (Generous);
vol. iv, p. 251; Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 422.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>testy,</span></span> witness; ‘Gives testies of their Maisters amorous hart’, Faire Em,
ii. 1. 100. Cp. L. <span class='it'>teste</span>, the word which began the last clause of a writ, and
signifying ‘witness’; being the abl. of L. <span class='it'>testis</span>, a witness. See NED. (s.v.
Teste, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2 c).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tetchy, teachy,</span></span> quick to take offence, short-tempered, testy. Spelt
<span class='it'>teachy</span>, Earle, Microcosm., § 34 (ed. Arber, 56); <span class='it'>teachie</span>, Romeo, i. 3. 32
(1592). See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tetragrammaton,</span></span> the Greek name of the Hebrew ‘four-lettered’
word, written <span class='gesp'>YHWH</span>, vocalized <span class='gesp'>YaHWeH</span> by modern scholars;
in the <span class='sc'>Bible</span> written <span class='sc'>Jehovah</span> (Exod. vi. 3), but gen. rendered by ‘the
<span class='sc'>Lord</span>’; ‘Our English tongue as well as the Hebrew hath a Tetragrammaton,
whereby God may be named; to wit, Good’, Wither, Lord’s Prayer,
17 (NED.); Greene, Friar Bacon, iv. 3. Gk. τετραγράμματον (Philo, 2. 152).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tettish, teatish,</span></span> peevish, fretful. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without
Money, v. 2 (Valentine); Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Bianca).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tew,</span></span> a set of fishing-nets, nets. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 29,
st. 27; spelt <span class='it'>tewgh</span>, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 3 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>tewe</span>,
fishing tackle (Prompt. EETS. 477), OE. (<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>tǣwe</span>, <span class='it'>getāwe</span>, tackle, equipment.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tew2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tew,</span></span> to convert hide into leather; ‘I tewe leather, <span class='it'>je souple</span>’, Palsgrave;
to prepare for some purpose, ‘The toiling fisher here is tewing of his net’,
Drayton, Pol. xxv. 139; to beat, thrash, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 2
(Clause); <span class='it'>to tew hemp</span>, Ray’s Country Words, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1691. In prov. use for
dressing leather and beating hemp, see EDD. (s.v. Tew, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2).
ME. <span class='it'>tewyn lethyr</span>, ‘frunio, corrodio’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tewly,</span></span> scarlet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 798. Silk of this colour is
often referred to by earlier writers, as in Richard Coer de Lion, 67, 1516,
Syr Gawayne, Beves of Hamtoun (Halliwell, s.v. Tuly); <span class='it'>tuly</span>, colowre,
‘puniceus’ (Prompt. EETS. 494). OF. <span class='it'>tieulé</span>, of the colour of a tile, i.e. red
(Godefroy), deriv. of <span class='it'>tieule</span> (F. <span class='it'>tuile</span>), a tile, L. <span class='it'>tegula</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teyle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#teil-tree'>teil-tree</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teyned.</span></span> ‘In shape of teyned gold’, Golding, Metam. v. 11. ME.
<span class='it'>teyne</span>, a slender rod of metal (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1225, 1229, 1240). Icel.
<span class='it'>teinn</span>, rod, <span class='it'>gull-teinn</span>, a rod of gold.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>than,</span></span> then. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 38 (Common).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tharborough,</span></span> a form of <span class='bold'><a href='#thirdborough'>thirdborough</a>,</span> q.v. L. L. L. i. 1. 185.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thatch’d head,</span></span> a term of abuse for an Irishman; one with thick
matted hair. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thee,</span></span> to thrive, prosper. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 8; Spenser, F. Q.
ii. 1. 33; ii. 11. 17. ME. <span class='it'>thee</span> (Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>þēon</span>. See Dict. M. and S.
(s.v. Theen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thembatel,</span></span> for <span class='it'>the embatel</span>, the battlement; ‘Griped for hold thembatel
of the wall’, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 581. Not found elsewhere.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>therm, tharm,</span></span> an intestine. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 100).
Still in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tharm). OE. (Anglian)
<span class='it'>þarm</span>, a bowel.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thewes,</span></span> good qualities or habits. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 3; i. 10. 4; ii. 1.
33; ii. 10. 59; Heywood, Britain’s Troy, i. 61 (Nares). Hence <span class='it'>thewed</span>,
having qualities of a certain kind, F. Q. ii. 6. 26. OE. <span class='it'>þēaw</span>, usage, custom,
habit.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thewes,</span></span> the bodily powers of a man, in Shaks. the bodily proportions
as indicating physical strength, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 276; Jul. Caes. i. 3. 81;
Hamlet, i. 3. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thick,</span></span> a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 39; ii. 3. 21; Shep. Kal., March,
73; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. 5 (Cloe; near the end). In Suffolk
groves and woods with close underwood are called ‘thicks’, see EDD.
(s.v. Thick, 14).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='thiller'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thiller,</span></span> the shaft-horse in a team. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4. In
gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south of England, see EDD. Deriv. of
ME. <span class='it'>thylle</span> of a cart, ‘temo’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thill-horse,</span></span> the shaft-horse; ‘The Thill-horse in Charles’s Wain’,
Derham (NED.). In common use in various parts of England, see EDD.
(s.v. Thill, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2 4). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fill'>fill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='thirdborough'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thirdborough,</span></span> the petty constable of a township or manor. L. L. L.
i. 1. 185; cp. Taming Shrew, Induct, i. 12; B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub,
i. 1 (Hugh). Probably a corruption of an earlier <span class='it'>frithborh</span>; OE. <span class='it'>friðborh</span>,
peace-surety, frankpledge. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thirdendale:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>thirdendale gallant</span>, the third part of a gallant,
Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Scumbroath); Works, iii. 329. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#halfendeale'>halfendeale</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>this,</span></span> thus. Skelton, Death of Edw. IV, 38; Philip Sparowe, 366;
and often.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tho,</span></span> then. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; ii. 8. 47. ME. <span class='it'>tho</span>, then (Chaucer).
see M. and S.; OE. <span class='it'>þā</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thole,</span></span> the dome of a temple, within which votive offerings were suspended;
‘Let Altars smoake and Tholes expect our spoiles’, Fisher, True
Trojans, iii. 2 (Nennius). Gk. θόλος, a round building with a cupola; at
Athens, the Rotunda in which the Prytanes, the committee of 50, dined
at the public cost.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thorow-lights,</span></span> lights or windows on both sides of a room. Bacon,
Essay 45, § 3. From <span class='it'>thorow</span> = through.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrall,</span></span> <span class='it'>v.</span>, to enthral, enslave. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 29; vi. 11. 44.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>threap,</span></span> to rebuke; to maintain obstinately. Greene, James IV, Induction
(Bohan); <span class='it'>threpped</span>, pp., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 354. In gen.
prov. use in both senses in Scotland, Ireland, and in England, north
country and Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Threap, 5); ME. <span class='it'>threpe</span>, to assert
to be (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>þrēapian</span>, to rebuke, argue.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>threave,</span></span> a large number, a multitude, a swarm of insects; ‘Threaves
of busy flies’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 401 (in later ed. ‘swarms of flies’);
a bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf, Chapman, Gent. Usher,
ii. 1 (Bassiolo). The word is used in many parts of Scotland and England
in the sense of a considerable number or quantity, see EDD. (s.v. Thrave,
sb. 3). Icel. <span class='it'>þrefi</span>, a number of sheaves.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>three-farthings.</span></span> King John, i. 143. Alluding to the very thin
three-farthing (silver) pieces of Qu. Elizabeth, which bore her profile,
with a rose at the back of her head.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>three-pile,</span></span> three-piled velvet. The richest kind of velvet was called
<span class='it'>three-pile</span> or <span class='it'>three-piled velvet</span>, presumably because it had a triple (or a very
close) pile or nap; Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 14. <span class='it'>Three-piled piece</span>, referring to
velvet, i. 2. 33. Metaphorically, <span class='it'>three-piled</span> = exaggerated, L. L. L. v. 2. 407;
cp. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. From <span class='it'>three</span> and <span class='it'>pile</span> (4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>threne,</span></span> a lament. Phoenix and Turtle, 49. Hence, <span class='it'>threning</span> (spelt
<span class='it'>threnning</span>); ‘What needs these threnning words and wasted wind?’,
Sir T. Wyatt, To his Love (Wks., ed. Bell, 198). Gk. θρῆνος, a funeral
lament.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='thrill1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrill,</span></span> to pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 32. Hence, <span class='it'>thrillant</span>, piercing.
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 46. ME. <span class='it'>thirte</span>, to pierce (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2709). OE.
<span class='it'>þyrlian</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#thrull'>thrull</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrill,</span></span> to hurl a weapon. Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (Virginius); Heywood,
Iron Age, Part I, 1632, sig. F (Dyce); Quarles, Sion’s Elegies, ii. 4.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='thring'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thring,</span></span> to press forward. Mirror for Mag., Caracalla, st. 1. Still in
use in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>thringe</span>, to press, to force one’s way
(Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>þringan</span>, to press.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='thrist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrist,</span></span> thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 17. <span class='it'>Thristy</span>, thirsty, id., i. 5. 15.
In prov. use in the north country, also in Heref. and Shropshire (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>thrist</span>, thirst; <span class='it'>thriste</span>, to thirst (Wars Alex. 4683, 3848).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>throat-brisk,</span></span> (?) part of the brisket near the throat; spelt <span class='it'>throte-briske</span>,
Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 620. Cp. <span class='it'>throat-sweetbread</span> (also <span class='it'>neck-sweetbread</span>),
butcher’s name for the thymus gland, see NED. (s.v. Throat, 8 d).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>throng,</span></span> pressed closely together; ‘Hidden in straw throng’ (i.e. in
straw pressed closely together), B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 5 (The fourth
Motion). OE. <span class='it'>þrungen</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>þringan</span>, to press. See <span class='bold'><a href='#thring'>thring</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>throw,</span></span> a short space, a little while. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. ME.
<span class='it'>throw</span>, a little while (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 2336). OE. <span class='it'>þrāge</span>, ‘for
a time’, <span class='it'>þrāh</span>, a space of time, a course, running. See M. and S. (s.v.
Throwe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>throwster,</span></span> a twister of silk thread for a weaver. Middleton, World
Tost at Tennis (Scholar). In the north country ‘to throw’ is in common
use in the sense of to twist, see EDD. (s.v. Throw, 16). OE. <span class='it'>þrāwan</span>,
to twist.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='thrull'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrull,</span></span> to pierce. Morte Arthur, leaf 172. 28; bk. ix, c. 4. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#thrill1'>thrill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrum,</span></span> a weaving term: the waste end of a warp; <span class='it'>thrumm’d</span>, furnished
with tufts, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 319; untidily thatched, Middleton,
Mich. Term, i. 2. 6; <span class='it'>thrum-chinned</span>, with rough untidy chin, id., A Trick
to Catch, iv. 3. 7; ‘(A) plaine livery-three-pound-thrum’, B. Jonson,
Alchem. i. 1. 16 (applied jocularly to a person). ME. <span class='it'>thrumm</span> of a clothe,
‘filamen’ (Prompt.). Cp. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>trumm</span>, edge, brim (Aasen); Du.
‘<span class='it'>drom</span>, a thrum’ (Sewel); G. <span class='it'>trumm</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrum,</span></span> to beat, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (George). An old
Suffolk word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrust,</span></span> thirst; to thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 29; iii. 7. 50. OE.
<span class='it'>þurst</span>, thirst. See <span class='bold'><a href='#thrist'>thrist</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tial'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tial,</span></span> a bond, tie, obligation; ‘Nor to contract with such (a woman)
can be a Tial’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 1 (Mirabel). A Scotch
word (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tyall'>tyall</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Tib-of-the-buttery,</span></span> a goose (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v.
1 (Higgen). ‘Tib’ is a pet form of the Christian name Isabel; Tibbie was
once a favourite name with the peasants of the Lowlands. See NED.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ticket, on the,</span></span> on tick, like one who incurs an acknowledged debt.
Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tickle,</span></span> not to be depended upon; uncertain, unreliable, changeable.
Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 5; vii. 8. 1; in unstable equilibrium, easily upset,
easily set in motion; in phr. <span class='it'>tickle of the sear</span> (<span class='it'>sere</span>), easily made to go off
(the ‘sear’ being a portion of a gun-lock), used <span class='it'>fig.</span> in Hamlet for yielding
easily to any impulse (ii. 2. 327). ME. <span class='it'>tikel</span>, unstable, uncertain (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3428).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tickle-footed,</span></span> uncertain, inconstant, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful
Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ticklish,</span></span> easily disturbed, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 2 (Arsace).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tick-tack,</span></span> a complicated kind of backgammon, played both with men
and pegs; for rules, see the Compleat Gamester. Meas. for M. i. 2. 196;
B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3 (Kiteley). Du. <span class='it'>tiktak</span>. tick-tack;
‘<span class='it'>tiktakbörd</span>, tick-tack-tables, backgammon tables’ (Sewel); cp. G. <span class='it'>tricktrack</span>,
backgammon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiddle,</span></span> to pet, to spoil; said of parents and children; ‘My parents did
tiddle me’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 173. Hence <span class='it'>tidlings</span>, pets,
spoilt children, id., 164. In prov. use in Berks., meaning to tend carefully;
to bring up a young animal by hand (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tie-dog,</span></span> a bandog; a fierce dog who has to be tied up. Udall, tr. of
Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiego,</span></span> a dizziness in the head. Massinger, A Very Woman, iv. 3
(Borachia). The expression is put into the mouth of an ignorant woman;
it seems to represent <span class='it'>’tigo</span>, short for Lat. <span class='it'>vertigo</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiffany,</span></span> a kind of thin transparent silk; also a gauze muslin. Fletcher,
Noble Gentleman, i. 1 (Marine); Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 1 (Treedle).
Apparently the same word as <span class='it'>Tiffany</span>, a name for the festival of the
Epiphany. OF. <span class='it'>Tiphanie</span> (Godefroy), Eccles. L. <span class='it'>Theophania</span>, Eccles. Gk.
Θεοφάνεια, the Manifestation of God. See Ducange (s.v. Theophania).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tight1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tight, tite.</span></span> Of a ship: water-tight; ‘Twelve tite Gallies’, Tam.
Shrew, ii. 1. 381; competent, capable; vigorous, stout, Ant. and Cl. iv.
4. 16; neat, trim, carefully dressed, ‘But you look so bright, And are
dress’d so tight’, Farquhar, Beaux Strat. i. 1. In prov. use in various
senses in all parts of the English-speaking world: e.g. in good health,
sound, vigorous (E. Anglia); neat, trim (Scotland); see EDD. See <span class='bold'><a href='#tith'>tith</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, tied, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiller,</span></span> in archery, the wooden beam which is grooved for reception
of the arrow, or drilled for the bolt; ‘The beanie or tiller (of a balista)’,
Holland, Amm. Marcell. 221 (NED.); ‘<span class='it'>Arbrier</span>, the tillar of a crosse-bow’,
Cotgrave; a stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit of its being used
as a cross-bow, for greater precision of aim, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster,
ii. 2 (Galatea); a bow fitted with a tiller, id., Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder
Loveless); <span class='it'>tiller-bow</span>, a cross-bow, see Roberts, English Bowman (ed. 1801,
p. 261), quoted by Croft (Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 297); <span class='it'>tillering</span>, the
putting of a bow upon a tiller, Ascham, Toxophilus, 114. OF. <span class='it'>telier</span>
(<span class='it'>tellier</span>), the wooden beam of a cross-bow, orig. a weaver’s beam (Godefroy),
Mod. L. <span class='it'>telarium</span> (Ducange), L. <span class='it'>tela</span>, a web.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tilly-vally,</span></span> an exclamation of contempt at what has been said, like
our ‘nonsense!’ Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 83; <span class='it'>Tilly-fally</span>, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 90.
<span class='it'>Tille valle, Tille vallee!</span>, an exclamation used by Mrs. Alice More, not liking
her husband’s question, ‘Is not this house (in the Tower) as nighe heaven
as myne owne (at Chelsea)?’, see Life of Sir T. More, by W. Roper
(More’s Utopia, ed. Lumby, p. xlv).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tim,</span></span> a poor wretch; a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4
(Kastril).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>timonist,</span></span> misanthrope. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2
(Astorius). Alluding to Timon of Athens.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tinct,</span></span> to tinge, colour. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle); <span class='it'>tinct</span>, pp.
dyed, tinged, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 107. L. <span class='it'>tinctus</span>, dyed.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tincture,</span></span> a colouring matter, Dryden, Juvenal, Ded. 36; hue,
colour, ‘The tincture of a skin’, Addison, Cato, i. 4; a spiritual principle
or immaterial substance whose character or quality may be infused into
material things, which are then said to be tinctured, ‘Nothing can be so
mean, Which with his tincture (“for thy sake”) will not grow bright and
clean’, Herbert, The Elixir.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tind'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tind,</span></span> to kindle; ‘As one candle tindeth a thousand’, Sanderson-Serm.
(ed. 1689, p. 56) (NED.); <span class='it'>tind</span>, pt. t. ‘Stryful Atin in their stub,
borne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeance tind’, Spenser, F. Q.
ii. 8. 11. In Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 410, we find <span class='it'>tinne</span> (to kindle).
‘Tind’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). Wyclif
has <span class='it'>tend</span>: ‘No man tendeth a lanterne’ (Luke xi. 33). See NED. for an
account of the earlier form-history of the word. See <span class='bold'><a href='#teend'>teend</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tine1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tine,</span></span> to kindle, inflame; ‘As late the clouds .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Tine the slant
lightning’, Milton, P. L. x. 1075; ‘The priest .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. was seen to tine The
cloven wood’, Dryden, Iliad, i. 635. A form of <span class='it'>tind</span> (to kindle), in prov.
use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Tind).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tine,</span></span> to perish, to be lost. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 36. In prov. use in
Scotland in this sense, and also, meaning ‘to lose’; see EDD. (s.v. Tine,
vb.<sup>1</sup>). The original sense of the word was ‘to lose’. ME. <span class='it'>tine</span>, to lose
(Hampole, Psalter, lxi. 10); Icel. <span class='it'>tȳna</span>, to lose, to destroy, put to death.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tine,</span></span> affliction, sorrow. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 15; Tears of the Muses, 3;
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3 (Cloe); to feel pain, F. Q. ii. 11. 21.
OE. <span class='it'>tȳnan</span>, to give pain, to vex. See <span class='bold'><a href='#teen1'>teen</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tintamar'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tintamar, tintimar,</span></span> a confused noise, hubbub. Spelt <span class='it'>tintamar</span>,
Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, sect. i. 19, § 2; <span class='it'>tintimar</span>, Vanbrugh, The
Confederacy, v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet). F. <span class='it'>tintamarre</span>, ‘A clashing or crashing,
a rustling or gingling noise made in the fall of wooden stuff, or vessels of
metal; also a black Santus’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sanctus'>sanctus</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tinternall,</span></span> the name of an old tune or burden for a song. Gascoigne,
ed. Hazlitt, i. 430. Cp. F. <span class='it'>tinton</span>, the burden of a song; from <span class='it'>tinter</span>,
to ring.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tip for tap,</span></span> tit for tat; one hit in requital for another. Gascoigne,
ed. Hazlitt, i. 463. See NED. (s.v. Tip, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tipe over,</span></span> to tilt over, overthrow; ‘I type over, I overthrow, <span class='it'>je renverse</span>’,
Palsgrave; ‘She tiped the table over and over’, Udall, tr. of Apoph.,
Socrates, § 83. In prov. use in north of England, Shropshire, and E. Anglia
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>type</span>, to tilt over, knock down, see NED. (s.v. Tip, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiphon,</span></span> a ‘typhoon’, whirlwind; ‘A mental tiphon’, Shirley, Example,
ii. 1 (Vainman). Gk. τυφῶν = τυφώς, a furious whirlwind (Sophocles).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tippet:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to turn one’s tippet</span>, to change one’s course or behaviour
completely; to act the turncoat. B. Jonson, Case is Altered, iii. 3 (Aurelia);
also, <span class='it'>to change one’s tippet</span>, Merry Devil of Edmonton, iii. 2. 139; ‘He
changed his typpette, and played the Apostata’, Foxe, Book of Martyrs,
1049. 2 (NED.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tipstaff,</span></span> a staff with a tip or cap of metal, carried as a badge by certain
officials. Mercury’s caduceus is called a ‘snaky tipstaff’, B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); an official carrying a tipped staff, a sheriff’s
officer, an officer appointed to wait upon a court in session; ‘Then their
Lordships .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. commissioned Atterbury the Tipstaff to fetch a smith to
force them open’, Magd. Coll. and Jas. II. p. 148 (Oxf. Hist. Soc).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tire,</span></span> a ‘tier’, row, rank. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 35; Milton, P. L. vi. 605;
Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (near the end); Dryden, Hind. and P. iii.
317. OF. <span class='it'>tire</span>, row, rank (Godefroy); ‘<span class='it'>tire à tire</span>, l’un après l’autre’ (Didot);
O. Prov. <span class='it'>tiera</span>, <span class='it'>teira</span>, ‘suite, série’ (Levy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tire,</span></span> to ‘attire’, L. L. L. iv. 2. 131. Hence <span class='it'>tire-men</span>, dressers belonging
to the theatre, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 1 (Fitsgrave). <span class='it'>Tire</span>,
a head-dress, Two Gent. iv. 4. 190; spelt <span class='it'>tier</span>, London Prodigal, iv. 3. 32;
<span class='it'>tire-valiant</span>, a fanciful head-dress, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 60.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tire,</span></span> to prey or feed ravenously upon. 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 269; Venus and
Ad. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii. 2
(Leocadia). ‘<span class='it'>Tiring</span> (in Falconry) is a giving the Hawk a Leg or Pinion of
a Pullet or Pigeon to pluck at’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. ME. <span class='it'>tyren</span>, to tear,
rend (Chaucer, Boethius, iii. 12. 49). F. <span class='it'>tirer</span>, to draw, pull, tug; see NED.
(s.v. Tire, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tirik,</span></span> a mechanical device explaining astronomical phenomena, a
‘theorick’; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, Skelton, Speke
Parrot, 139; Garl. of Laurell, 1518. See NED. (s.v. Theoric, sb. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tirliry-pufkin,</span></span> a light and flighty woman. Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tit'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tit,</span></span> a small creature, young thing; <span class='it'>a tit of tenpence</span>, a girl worth tenpence;
a depreciatory epithet. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 2 (Petruchio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tite:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>swithe and tite</span>, quickly and at once, Gammer Gurton’s Needle,
i. 4. 13. Very common in the phr. <span class='it'>as tite</span>, as soon, as lief, in the north
country, see EDD. (s.v. Tite, adv.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>tite</span>, quickly; <span class='it'>as tyte as</span>, as soon as
(Wars Alex. 219, 693). Icel. <span class='it'>tītt</span>, at once with all speed; see Icel. Dict.
(s.v. Tīðr).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tith'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tith,</span></span> a variant of <span class='bold'><a href='#tight1'>tight</a></span> (q.v.). Of a ship: water-tight, Fletcher, Woman’s
Prize, iii. 5; sound in body, ‘A good stanch wench, that’s tith’, id., Mons.
Thomas, ii. 3 (Thomas). The compar. <span class='it'>tither</span> occurs in The Mad Lover, iii. 3
(Chilax) in a nautical allusion. <span class='it'>Tithly</span>, vigorously, Island Princess, i. 1. 20;
closely, Women Pleased, iv. 3 (Penurio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tithe,</span></span> to decimate. Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, ii. 1 (Penius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>titillation,</span></span> a means of titillating, producing a pleasant sensation,
used of a perfume. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>titivil</span> (<span class='bold'>tytyvyllus</span>),</span> a term of reprobation, a knave, villain, and
esp. a mischievous tale-bearer, Hall, Henry VI (ed. 1542, f. 43); Skelton,
Garl. Laurell, 642; Colyn Cloute, 418; ‘<span class='it'>Coquette</span>, a pratling or proud gossip
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. a titifill, a flebergebit’, Cotgrave; <span class='it'>titifil</span>, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed.
Farmer, 24). Originally, the name of a devil said to collect fragments
of words dropped, skipped, or mumbled in the recitation of the daily
offices, and to carry them to hell to be registered against the offender;
the name occurs in the mystery plays. Myrrour of our Ladye, i. 20. 54.
See note to P. Plowman, C. xiv. 123. See NED. for a full and interesting
account of this curious creation of monastic wit.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>titivilitium,</span></span> an exclamation of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman,
iv. 1 (Otter). L. <span class='it'>titivillitium</span>, a small trifle (used once by Plautus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to,</span></span> in comparison with. Temp. i. 2. 480, &amp;c.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-,</span></span> prefix, in twain, asunder, in pieces. The following examples
occur in Caxton’s Hist. of Troye: <span class='it'>to-breke</span> (pt. t. <span class='it'>to-brake</span>), to break in
pieces; <span class='it'>to-breste</span>, to burst asunder; <span class='it'>to-bruse</span>, to bruise in pieces; <span class='it'>to-drawe</span>,
to draw asunder; <span class='it'>to-frusshe</span>, to break in pieces; <span class='it'>to-hewe</span>, to hew in pieces;
<span class='it'>to-rente</span>, to rend in pieces. Malory’s Morte Arthur has <span class='it'>to-cratche</span>, to tear
to pieces; <span class='it'>to-ryue</span>, to rive asunder; <span class='it'>to-sheuer</span>, to reduce to shivers. See
NED. (s.v. To-, pref.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toadstone,</span></span> a stone fabled to be found in a toad’s head, which could
cure pain instantly. See As You Like It, ii. 1. 13; Fletcher, Woman’s
Prize, v. 1 (Livia); Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='toase'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toase,</span></span> to pluck, to pull, draw. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 760; ‘It is a
great craft to tose wolle wel’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>tosyn</span> or tose wul or odyre
lyk, ‘carpo’ (Prompt. EETS. 501). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tooze'>tooze</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toater;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#toter'>toter</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-boil,</span></span> to boil thoroughly, boil down. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 5
(Ferdinand).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-break,</span></span> to break in pieces; ‘So inward force my heart doth all to-break’,
Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover compareth (ed. Bell, p. 200); <span class='it'>to-brake</span>, pt. t.,
‘And all to brake his scull’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Judges ix. 53. See Dict. M. and S.
(s.v. Tobreken). OE. <span class='it'>tobrecan</span>, pt. t. <span class='it'>tobræc</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tod,</span></span> a fox. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); Pan’s Anniversary,
Hymn iv, l. 12. A north-country word; Jamieson says, ‘the fox is
vulgarly known by no other name throughout Scotland’, see EDD. (s.v.
Tod, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tod,</span></span> a bushy mass (esp. of ivy). Spenser, Sheph. Kal., March, 67;
Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, i. 1 (Caratach); id., Rule a Wife, iv. 3 (Juan).
In E. Anglia the word is in use for the head of a pollard tree, see EDD.
(s.v. Tod, sb.<sup>5</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-dash,</span></span> to dash in pieces. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>todder,</span></span> slime; the spawn of frogs or toads; ‘Where in their todder
loathly paddocks breed’, Drayton, Moses, bk. ii, 116. In prov. use in
Leic. for the spawn of frogs or toads, see EDD. (s.v. Tother, sb. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toderer,</span></span> a man of loose life. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tods;</span></span> ‘I wear out my naked legs and my foots and my teds’,
Dekker, O. Fortunatus. iv. 2 (Andelocia). A misreading for ‘toes’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tofore,</span></span> formerly. Titus And. iii. 1; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 7. ME.
<span class='it'>toforn</span>, beforehand (Chaucer); <span class='it'>tofore</span>, prep. before (P. Plowman, B. v. 457).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-frusshed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> broken to pieces, crushed, battered. ‘All to-frusshed’,
Warner, Alb. England, bk. ii, ch. 12, st. 33. See <span class='bold'><a href='#frush1'>frush</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toft,</span></span> taut, tightly drawn, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 554. See
NED. (s.v. Taut, adj. 2). See EDD. (s.v. Taut). ME. <span class='it'>toght</span>, tightly drawn
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 2267).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>token,</span></span> a small coin, struck by private individuals to pass for a farthing.
<span class='it'>Tavern-token</span>, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime); ‘Not worth a tavern-token’,
Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1 (Tapwell).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tole,</span></span> to entice, draw on. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, iv. 2
(near the end); <span class='it'>tole on</span>, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1 (Clorin). In
prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Toll, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME.
<span class='it'>tollen</span>, to attract, entice (Chaucer, Boethius, ii. 7. 15).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toledo,</span></span> a Toledo sword. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); near the
end; Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Bobadilla).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ton,</span></span> a tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). F. <span class='it'>thon</span>,
a tunny-fish (Cotgr.); L. <span class='it'>thunnus</span>; Gk. θύννος.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tone:</span></span> <span class='it'>the tone</span>, for <span class='it'>thet one</span>, i.e. that one, the one. Golding, tr. of Ovid,
Preface, 96; cp. <span class='it'>the tother</span>, for <span class='it'>thet other</span>, that other, the other (in the same
line). Just below, l. 105, we find <span class='it'>tone part</span>, for <span class='it'>the tone part</span>, i.e. the one part.
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tonnell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#tunnel'>tunnel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tony,</span></span> a simpleton. In Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio), we find
<span class='it'>Tony</span> used as an abbreviation of Antony, and at the same time signifying
a simpleton; ‘Be pointed at for a tony’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii
(Freeman); <span class='it'>tonies</span>, pl. Dryden, All for Love, Prol., 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toot;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#tote1'>tote</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toothful,</span></span> toothsome, delicious. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, v. 1
(Theoph.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='too-too'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>too-too,</span></span> extremely, very. Hamlet, i. 2. 129; Two Noble Kinsmen,
v. 4. 15 (Common); <span class='it'>toto muche</span>, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 42.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tooze'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tooze,</span></span> to tease wool; ‘Toozing wooll’, Golding, Metam. xiv. 265;
fol. 170 (1603); ‘I toose wolle or cotton or suche lyke, <span class='it'>Je force de la laine</span>,
and <span class='it'>je charpis de la laine</span>’, Palsgrave. See <span class='bold'><a href='#toase'>toase</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>top-ayle,</span></span> highest spike or beard of an ear of corn. Chapman, tr. of
Iliad, xx. 211. ‘Ails’ (‘iles’) is in prov. use in the south of England for the
beards or awns of barley or any other bearded grain, see EDD. (s.v. Ail,
sb.<sup>2</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>egl</span>, ‘festuca’ (Luke vi. 41).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tope,</span></span> I pledge you; lit. touch (or strike) my glass with yours. Shirley,
Honoria, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See Dict. (s.v. Toper).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>topsiturne,</span></span> to upset, turn upside down; ‘This object .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Which
topsiturnes my braine’, Heywood, Iron Age (Ajax), vol. iii, p. 341; ‘All
things are topside-turn’d’, id., Dialogue 9, in vol. vi, p. 214.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tormentour,</span></span> a torturer, one deputed to torture and punish offenders,
an executioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 49; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Matt. xviii.
34. ME. <span class='it'>tormentour</span>, executioner (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 527).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tortious,</span></span> injurious, wrongful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 18. See Dict.
(s.v. Tort).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>torved,</span></span> stern. Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3 (Virginius). For
<span class='it'>torvid</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>torvidus</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toss, tosses,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span> (?). Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tote1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tote,</span></span> to look, gaze; ‘How often dyd I tote Upon her prety fote’,
Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1146; spelt <span class='it'>toote</span>, Speke Parrot, 12; <span class='it'>toot</span>, Peele,
Arraignment of Paris, i. 2 (Oenone). In prov. use in north of England
down to Warw. in the sense of to peep and pry about, see EDD. (s.v. Toot,
vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>toten</span> (P. Plowman, B. xv. 22), OE. <span class='it'>tōtian</span>, to look, gaze.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tote,</span></span> to project, stick out; ‘Your tail toteth out behind’, The Four
Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; ‘A toting huge swelling ruff’,
Howell’s Letters, bk. i, sect. 3, let. 31, § 7. In prov. use in the north
country, also in Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.<sup>2</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='toter'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toter,</span></span> a player upon the horn. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 3 (Pan);
<span class='it'>toater</span>, Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 1 (end). See EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tother:</span></span> <span class='it'>the tother</span>, for <span class='it'>thet other</span>, the other. See <span class='bold'><a href='#tone'>tone</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toto,</span></span> variant of <span class='bold'><a href='#too-too'>too-too</a>,</span> q.v.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>totters,</span></span> tatters, rags. Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song);
<span class='it'>tottered</span>, tattered, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 6; Edward II, ii. 3. 21;
Richard II, iii. 3. 52. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>totra</span>, a rag, <span class='it'>totror</span>, pl. rags, also <span class='it'>taltra</span>(<span class='it'>r</span>)
(Aasen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>totty,</span></span> unsteady, confused in thought. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39; Sheph.
Kal., Feb., 55. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>toty</span>: ‘Myn heed is toty of my swink to-night’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4253).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>touch,</span></span> a trait or feature; ‘One touch of nature makes the whole world
kin’, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 175; ‘Evill touches’, Ascham, Scholemaster, 48.
<span class='it'>Touch</span> = <span class='it'>Touchstone</span>, Richard III, iv. 2. 8; used also <span class='it'>fig.</span> with reference to the
trial of gold, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='touch2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>touch,</span></span> often used for any costly marble; properly the <span class='it'>basanites</span> of the
Greeks, a very hard black granite. It obtained the name <span class='it'>touch</span> from being
used as a test for gold. It was often written <span class='it'>tutch</span> or <span class='it'>tuch</span>; ‘He built this
house of tutch and alabaster’, Harington, tr. Ariosto, xliii. 14; ‘With
alabaster, tuch and porphyry adorned’, Drayton, Pol. xvi. 45; ‘Thou art
not, Penshurst, built to envious show of touch or marble’, B. Jonson,
Forest, B. ii. 2. See Nares. F. <span class='it'>pierre de touche</span>, ‘sorte de pierre, ainsi appelée,
parce qu’on s’en sert pour éprouver l’or et l’argent en les y frottant’
(Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='touch-box'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>touch-box,</span></span> a box containing powder for priming a fire-arm; ‘Fire the
touch-box’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2. 8. See <span class='bold'><a href='#twitch-box'>twitch-box</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tour,</span></span> a lady’s head-dress or wig. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1
(Medley). F. ‘<span class='it'>Un tour de tête</span>, <span class='it'>un tour</span>, sorte de petite perruque de femme’
(Hatzfeld).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toure, towre,</span></span> to see, to look (Cant). To <span class='it'>towre</span>, to see, Harman,
Caveat, p. 84; <span class='it'>toure out</span>, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toward,</span></span> in preparation, near at hand. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 81;
Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 68; <span class='it'>towards</span>, Romeo, i. 5. 124; <span class='it'>towardness</span>, docility, Bacon,
Essay 19.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>towker,</span></span> a ‘tucker’, a fuller of cloth. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 14, § 4. ME. <span class='it'>towkere</span>, ‘fullo’ (Voc. 629. 2), <span class='it'>towker</span>, P. Plowman, A. Prol.
100. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tokker).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='town-top'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>town-top,</span></span> Fletcher, Nightwalker, i. 3 (Nurse). See <span class='bold'><a href='#parish-top'>parish-top</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-wry,</span></span> to hide, conceal; ‘Your sighs you fetch from far, And all
to-wry your woe’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover’s Case cannot be hidden, 26
(ed. Bell, p. 95). ME. <span class='it'>wrye</span>, to cover (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 887), OE. <span class='it'>wrēon</span>, to
cover; <span class='it'>wrigen</span>, pp.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toy,</span></span> a trifle, a trifling ornament. Twelfth Nt. iii. 3. 44; ‘Any toys for
your head’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 326; Bacon, Essay 19; a trifling matter,
something of no value, Othello, i. 3. 270; an idle fancy, whim, King John,
i. 1. 232; Richard III, i. 1. 60; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 79; Chapman,
Bussy D’Ambois, i (Beaupré).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-year,</span></span> this year. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); <span class='it'>to-yere</span>,
id., Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. In gen. prov. use in
England and Ireland (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>to-yere</span>, this year (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 168).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trace,</span></span> the straps by which a vehicle is drawn, traces. Golding,
Metam. ii. 109; fol. 16, back (1603); ‘Trace, horse harnesse, <span class='it'>trays</span>’,
Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>trayce</span>, horsys harneys, ‘trahale’ (Prompt.). F. <span class='it'>traits</span>, pl.
of <span class='it'>trait</span>, ‘the cord or chain that runs between the horses’ (Cotgr.). <span class='it'>Traces</span>
is therefore a double plural. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trace,</span></span> to follow up a track; to traverse, to move forward. Sackville,
Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 27; Morte Arthur, leaf 232. 18, bk. x, ch. 30;
Milton, Comus, 427; <span class='it'>trast</span>, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 37. In use in Ireland
in the sense of tracking an animal, see EDD. (s.v. Trace, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tract,</span></span> to track, follow up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 3, 17; Greene, Orl.
Fur. i. 1. 101.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tract:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>tracte of tyme</span>, duration of time, Sir T. Elyot, Governour,
bk. i, c. 22, § 3; <span class='it'>to tract the time</span>, to prolong the time, Mirror for Mag.,
Gloucester, st. 25. Hence <span class='it'>tracting</span>, protraction, prolongation, ‘In the
tractynge of tyme’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 53). F. ‘<span class='it'>par traict de temps</span>,
in tract of time’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trade'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trade,</span></span> track of footsteps, trodden path. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39;
‘A common trade to passe through Priam’s house’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid,
ii. 593. In north Yorks. the word is in prov. use, meaning a constant
passage backwards and forwards, used of men and animals: ‘A lot of
rabbits here, by the trade they make’, see EDD. (s.v. Trade, 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>traditive,</span></span> traditional. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 196.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>traduction,</span></span> transmission. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 23. <span class='it'>Verbal
traduction</span>, verbal translation, Cowley, Pref. to Pindaric Odes (beginning).
F. <span class='it'>traduction</span>, a translation, L. <span class='it'>traductio</span>, a transferring, transmission.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>traicte,</span></span> to treat. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. <span class='it'>traicter</span>,
to treat (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>train,</span></span> to draw on, allure, entice. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 45; <span class='it'>train on</span>,
1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 21. Norm. F. <span class='it'>trainer</span>, ‘attirer, entrainer, séduire’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trains,</span></span> artifices, stratagems. Macbeth, iv. 3. 118; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3.
24; Milton, P. L. xi. 624; Sams. Ag. 533, 932; Comus, 151. ME. <span class='it'>trayne</span>, or
disseyte, ‘fraus’ (Prompt. EETS. 488). OF. <span class='it'>traine</span>, ‘trahison’ (Godefroy);
cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>traine</span>, a plot, practice, device’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tralineate,</span></span> to deviate, degenerate. Dryden, Wife of Bath, 396.
Suggested by Ital. <span class='it'>tralignare</span>, to degenerate (Dante).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tralucent,</span></span> transparent, allowing light to shine through. B. Jonson,
Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 6. The same as
<span class='it'>translucent</span>, Milton, Comus, 861. L. <span class='it'>tralucere</span>, <span class='it'>translucere</span>, to shine through.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tramels,</span></span> nets for confining the hair, net-work. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2.
15; Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 426 (Remilia); p. 122, col. 2. F. <span class='it'>tramail</span>,
a net (Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>tramaglio</span>, a drag-net (Fanfani), Med. L. <span class='it'>tremaculum</span>,
<span class='it'>tremaclum</span> (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trampler,</span></span> a lawyer. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, i. 4 (Witgood).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trangame,</span></span> a thing of no value (Cant); ‘But go, thou trangame, and
carry back those trangames which thou hast stolen’, Wycherley, Plain
Dealer, iii (Widow).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>translate,</span></span> to transform. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 122; B. Jonson,
Every Man in Hum. ii. 4 (Brain-worm).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>translater,</span></span> a jocose or slang term for a cobbler who made worn boots
wearable by judicious patching, and mending; ‘Jeffrey the translater’,
A Knack to know a Knave (Cobbler), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 566. For
many examples of the use of this word for a ‘cobbler’, see EDD. (s.v.
Translate, 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>transmew,</span></span> to transmute, change. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 35; ii. 3. 37.
ME. <span class='it'>transmuwen</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 467). F. <span class='it'>transmuër</span>, to change
(Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>transmutare</span>. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>transmogrify,</span></span> to transform. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1
(Belfond Senior). A playful variant of <span class='it'>transmodify</span>, by association with
the termination -(<span class='it'>mo</span>)<span class='it'>graphy</span>. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in all
English-speaking countries (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>transversaries,</span></span> the cross-pieces of a cross-staff, which was an old
instrument for taking altitudes and measuring angles. Dekker, Wh. of
Babylon (1 King); Works, ii. 233.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trash1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trash,</span></span> (hunting term), to check (a dog) that is too fast by attaching
a weight to its neck; ‘This poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his
quick hunting’, Othello, ii. 1. 132; ‘Who t’advance, and who To trash
for over-topping’, Tempest, i. 2. 81; Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 1 Caratach).
See Nares. In Cumberland the word <span class='it'>trash</span> means a cord used in checking
dogs, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trash,</span></span> to tramp after, to pace along. Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 37. In
prov. use in Lakeland, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trattle,</span></span> to prattle, tattle. Bale, Kynge Johan (Camd. Soc.), p. 73;
Skelton, Against the Scottes, 2. Hence, <span class='it'>trattler</span>, a prattler, ‘A tratler is
worse than a thief’, Ray, Proverbs (ed. 1678, 357). A Scotch word, see
EDD. (s.v. Trattle, vb.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>travant,</span></span> a halberdier in attendance on the Emperor in Germany.
Chapman, Alphonsus, iii (Alph.). G. <span class='it'>Trabant</span>, a satellite, halberdier: cp.
Norw. <span class='it'>drabant</span>, one of the body-guard of Solomon (1 Kings ix. 22), Magyar
<span class='it'>darabant</span>. See Kluge’s Etym. Germ. Dict., and NED. (s.v. Drabant).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>travers</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> a movable screen, a sliding door. Marston’s Masque at
Ashby Castle, MS. (Nares); Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce,
p. 45; spelt <span class='it'>traves</span>, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 58. ME. <span class='it'>travers</span>: ‘We will
that our said son be in his chamber .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. the travers drawn anon upon
eight of the clock’ (Letters and Ordinances, 1473, in Nares); so in Chaucer:
‘Men drinken and the travers drawe anon’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1817); also <span class='it'>travas</span>,
‘transversum’ (Prompt. EETS. 489, see note, no. 2387). The word exists
in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Traverse, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>traverse,</span></span> to examine thoroughly. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3
(Tarquin).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tray-trace, trey-trace,</span></span> perhaps (like <span class='it'>tray-trip</span>) the name of a game
at dice. Trey-trip and <span class='it'>trey-trace</span>, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s
Dodsley, iv. 118.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tray-trip,</span></span> an old game at dice, in which <span class='it'>tray</span> (three) was a successful
throw. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 207; B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); spelt
<span class='it'>tra-trip</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Roger); <span class='it'>tre-trip</span>, Mayne,
City Match, ii. 4 (Aurelia); ‘Lett’s goe to dice a while, To passage, trei-trippe,
hazard, or mum-chance’, Machivell’s Dogge, 1617, 4to, sign. B;
see Nares. See <span class='bold'><a href='#trey'>trey</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treachetour,</span></span> a traitor, deceiver. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 7. A contaminated
form; due to ME. <span class='it'>trechour</span> (a traitor) and ME. <span class='it'>tregetour</span> (a juggler).
The latter word is found in Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1277, and C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span>
1143, see also <span class='it'>tregetowre</span>, ‘mimus, pantomimus, prestigiator, joculator’
(Prompt. EETS. 489). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>tregettour</span>, juggler (Bozon), deriv. of OF.
<span class='it'>tresgeter</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>transjectare</span>, to throw across, to juggle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treachour,</span></span> a traitor, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; ii. 1. 12; ii. 4. 27; <span class='it'>treacher</span>,
King Lear, i. 2. 133; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iii. 1 (Otto);
Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron). ME. <span class='it'>trechour</span> (Chaucer, Rom.
Rose, 197). OF. <span class='it'>trecheör</span> (Bartsch), Romanic type <span class='it'>trecatórem</span>, cp. Med. L.
<span class='it'>tricator</span>, ‘deceptor’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treague,</span></span> a truce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 33. Ital. and Span. <span class='it'>tregua</span>,
Mod. L. <span class='it'>tregua</span>, see Ducange (s.v. Treva); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>triuwa</span>,
truth, a solemn promise (Schade).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treason,</span></span> a surrender. North, tr. Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 17 (in Shaks.
Plut. p. 31). OF. <span class='it'>traïson</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>traditio</span>, ‘cessio, concessio’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treen,</span></span> pl. of <span class='it'>tree</span>. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1. ME.
<span class='it'>treon</span>, trees (Laȝamon, 1835, 25978).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treen,</span></span> wooden, made of wood. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 39; i. 7. 26; Chapman,
Byron’s Conspiracy, ii (near end); ‘Treene dishes be homely’,
Tusser, Husbandry, 175. In prov. use: <span class='it'>treen-plates</span>, wooden trenchers, in
E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>treen</span>, wooden (Prompt. EETS. 495).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trench,</span></span> to cut. Two Gent. iii. 2. 7; Macb. iii. 4. 27. F. ‘<span class='it'>trencher</span>, to
cut, carve, slice, hew’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trenchand,</span></span> cutting, sharp. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 17. For <span class='it'>trenchant</span>;
from F. <span class='it'>trencher</span>, to cut.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trenchmore,</span></span> a lively and boisterous country-dance. Beaumont and
Fl., Pilgrim, iv. 3 (Master); Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman); London
Prodigal, i. 2. 38; Selden’s Table Talk (s.v. King of England). See
Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trendle1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trendle,</span></span> a wheel, a hoop. Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 72; ‘A
cracknel or cake made like a Trendell’, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov.
use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 1, 2). ME. <span class='it'>trendyl</span>, ‘troclea’ (Prompt. 490).
OE. <span class='it'>trendel</span>, a wheel (Sweet), see <span class='bold'><a href='#trindill'>trindill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trendle,</span></span> to roll; ‘Like a trendlyng ball’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre,
st. 44 (Works, i. 158). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 8). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#trindill'>trindill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trepidation,</span></span> a swaying motion: the libration of the earth. Milton,
P. L. iii. 483.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trest;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#trist'>trist</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tretably,</span></span> properly, correctly. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2 (Pedant).
OF. <span class='it'>traitable</span>, tractable.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trey'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trey, tray,</span></span> three; at cards or dice. L. L. L. v. 2. 232. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>treis</span>,
L. <span class='it'>tres</span>, three.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treygobet,</span></span> the name of a game at dice. Lit. ‘three (and) go better’.
The Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 34.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trick</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> neat, tidy, elegant. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 35; Ascham,
Toxophilus, 6 (Nares); Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 73; neatly, skilfully,
Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Faunus).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tricker,</span></span> a trigger. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 528; Farquhar, Recruiting
Officer, i. 1. Du. <span class='it'>trekker</span>, a trigger, a puller; <span class='it'>trekken</span>, to draw, pull.
See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trickment,</span></span> heraldic emblazonry; ‘Here’s a new tomb, new trickments
too’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, iv. 2 (Norandine); ‘No tomb shall
hold thee But these two arms, no trickments but my tears’, Mad Lover,
v. 4 (Calis).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tricotee,</span></span> a kind of dance; ‘A monkey dancing his tricotee’, Lady
Alimony, i. 2 (Trillo). OF. <span class='it'>tricotee</span>, an involuntary dance by one compelled
by blows (Godefroy); cp. <span class='it'>tricote</span>, a cudgel; <span class='it'>Tricot</span>, ‘bâton gros et court. Il
n’est d’usage que dans le discours familier: <span class='it'>Il lui donna du tricot</span>’ (Dict.
de l’Acad., 1762). Of Germ. origin, see Schado (s.v. Stric). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trig,</span></span> a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trigon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trigon.</span></span> The zodiacal signs were combined in <span class='it'>triplicities</span>, or four sets of
three; each of these formed a trigon. There are four such: (1) the <span class='it'>fiery</span>
trigon, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius; (2) the <span class='it'>earthy</span> trigon, Taurus, Virgo, Capricornus;
(3) the <span class='it'>airy</span> trigon, Gemini, Libra, Aquarius; (4) the <span class='it'>watery</span> trigon,
Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, according to the four elements, fire, earth, air,
water. ‘The fiery trigon’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 288; ‘His musics, his trigon’,
B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Nano); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 905. Gk. τρίγωνον,
a triangle.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trill,</span></span> to roll as a ball. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 7; to
trickle as a tear, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 78; Sir T. Wyatt, Comparison of
Love to a Stream, 2; to twirl, ‘I tryll a whirlygig rounde aboute, <span class='it'>Je
pirouette</span>’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in sense of to trundle a hoop, also, to
twirl (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>tryllyn</span>, ‘volvo’ (Prompt. EETS. 502).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trillibub'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trillibub,</span></span> a trifle, an expression for something trifling. Massinger,
Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Fairfield); a cheap
food, like tripe, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). See Nares. Cp.
the prov. words for entrails, tripe, <span class='it'>trollibobs</span>, <span class='it'>trullibubs</span>, <span class='it'>trollibags</span>, gen. used
in phr. <span class='it'>tripe and trollibobs</span> (EDD., s.v. Trollibobs). See <span class='bold'><a href='#trullibub'>trullibub</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trim,</span></span> neat, elegant, nice, fine; mostly used with irony; ‘The flowers
are sweet, their colours fresh and trim’, Venus and Ad. 1079; ‘Trim
gallants’, L. L. L. v. 2. 363; ‘These trim vanities’, Hen. VIII, i. 3. 37;
ornamental dress, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 22; ‘Proud-pied April, dressed in
all his trim’, Sonnet 98; phr. <span class='it'>in her trim</span>, in speaking of ships, the state
of being fully prepared for sailing, ‘Where we in all her trim freshly
beheld our royal ship’, Tempest, v. 236; Com. Errors, iv. 1. 90.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trim-tram,</span></span> a trifle, a worthless speech or thing. Stanyhurst, tr. of
Aeneid, ii. 114. [‘They thought you as great a nincompoop as your squire—trim-tram,
like master, like man’, Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, xiii.] A
reduplicative term used in Scotland, expressive of ridicule or contempt
(EDDA.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trindill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trindill;</span></span> ‘That they take away and destroy all shrines, tables, candlesticks,
trindills, or rolls of wax’, King’s Injunctions, ann. 1547, in Fuller’s
Church History.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trindle-tail'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trindle-tail.</span></span> Fletcher speaks of a cur with ‘a trindle tail’, i.e. a tail
curled round, Love’s Cure, iii. 3. 17; Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 3. 18;
spelt <span class='it'>trundle-tail</span>, a dog with a curled tail, King Lear, iii. 6. 73; <span class='it'>trendle-tail</span>,
B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Ursula). See <span class='bold'><a href='#trendle1'>trendle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trine,</span></span> a combination of three things (viz. youth, wit, and courage),
Mirror for Mag., Cromwell, st. 26.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trine,</span></span> an aspect in which one planet was at an angle of 120 degrees
from another. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 292; ‘A trine aspect’, Beaumont
and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret). Hence, as vb., to conjoin in
a trine, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 389. See <span class='bold'><a href='#triplicity'>triplicity</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trine,</span></span> to be hanged (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen);
Harman, Caveat, p. 31; <span class='it'>trine me</span>, hang me, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Trapdoor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trinket</span> (<span class='bold'>trinquet</span>)<span class='bold'>,</span></span> the highest sail of a ship. Hakluyt, Voyages,
iii. 411; ‘<span class='it'>Trinquet</span> is properly the top or top-gallant on any mast, the
highest sail of a ship’, Blount, Gloss. (ed. 1674). F. <span class='it'>trinquet</span> (Cotgr.), Span.
and Port. <span class='it'>trinquete</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>trinca</span>, a rope for lashing fast; of Germ. origin,
cp. G. <span class='it'>strick</span>; see Reinhardstöttner, Portuguese Gram. (1878), § 31, and
Schade (s.v. Strickan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trinket,</span></span> a porringer; esp. one made with a handle, like a teacup, as
it is to be hung upon a pin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 3.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trinket</span> (<span class='bold'>trenket</span>)<span class='bold'>,</span></span> a shoemaker’s knife; ‘Trenket, an instrument
for a cordwayner, <span class='it'>batton a torner</span> (<span class='it'>soulies</span>)’, Palsgrave [also spelt <span class='it'>trynket</span>].
ME. <span class='it'>trenket</span> (Voc. 562. 3); <span class='it'>trenkett</span>, ‘ansorium’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>trenkette</span>
(Prompt. 490, see note, no. 2395). Cp. F. <span class='it'>tranchet</span>: ‘A shoomakers round
cutting knife: <span class='it'>tranchet de cordouanier</span>’ (Sherwood).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='triplicity'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>triplicity,</span></span> a combination of three zodiacal signs in the form of an
equilateral triangle; ‘And how the signs in their <span class='it'>triplicities</span>, By sympathizing
in their trine consents’, &amp;c., Drayton, Man in the Moon, 458. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#trigon'>trigon</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trist, trest,</span></span> the station where a hunter was placed to watch the game.
<span class='it'>At the trest</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 14; bk. xviii, c. 21; <span class='it'>at the tryst</span>,
Master of Game, ch. 16 (end). ME. <span class='it'>triste</span>, an appointed station in hunting
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1534), <span class='it'>tryster</span> (Gawain), <span class='it'>tristre</span> (Anc. R.). OF. <span class='it'>triste</span>,
<span class='it'>tristre</span> (Godefroy). See Dict. (s.v. Tryst).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trisulke,</span></span> three-forked, triple. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Saturn);
vol. iii, p. 43; Brazen Age (Hercules), p. 250; a trident, three-forked
spear, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Timon); vol. vi, p. 160. L. <span class='it'>trisulcus</span>, three-forked
(Virgil).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>troad, trode,</span></span> track of footsteps, beaten path. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 5;
Shep. Kal., July, 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 325. ‘Trod’, meaning a
beaten track, a foot-path, is a north-country word down to Lincoln (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='troll'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>troll, troul, trowl,</span></span> to roll; ‘To troll the tongue’, Milton, P. L. xi. 620;
to circulate or pass round, as a vessel of liquor at a carouse, ‘Troul the
bowl’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (Merrythought);
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Song); to sing a tune in succession,
‘Troll the catch’, Tempest, iii. 2. 126; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 3
(Dion). In prov. use in various parts of England in the sense of to roll,
to circulate, see EDD. (s.v. Troll, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>trollyn</span>, ‘volvo’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>troll-my-dames,</span></span> the name of a game; ‘A fellow, sir, that I have
known to go about with troll-my-dames’, Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 92 (Autolycus).
Also called <span class='it'>pigeon-holes</span>; also <span class='it'>nine-holes</span> (described by Strutt). The
game was played with a board, at one end of which were a number of
arches, like pigeon-holes, into which small balls were to be bowled; see
Nares. The word <span class='it'>troll-my-dames</span> is a corruption of the French name for the
game <span class='it'>Trou-Madame</span>; see Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tromp,</span></span> to deceive. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). F. <span class='it'>tromper</span>.
Cp. EDD. (s.v. Trump, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trossers,</span></span> tight drawers. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria);
Hen. V, iii. 7. 57 (so most modern edds.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#strossers'>strossers</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trot,</span></span> an old woman. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 80; used of a man, Meas. for M.
iii. 2. 54; Gammer Gurton, ii. 8; Warner, Albion, ii. p. 47 (Nares). In
prov. use (EDD.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>trote</span>: ‘la viele trote’ (Gower, Mirour, 17900).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trouchman;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#truchman'>truchman</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>troul, trowl;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#troll'>troll</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trow,</span></span> to think, believe, suppose; ‘I trow not’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Luke xvii. 9;
2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 38; v. 1. 85. <span class='it'>I trow</span>, added to questions expressive of
contemptuous or indignant surprise; ‘Who’s there, I trow?’, Merry
Wives, i. 4. 140; ii. 1. 64; also <span class='it'>trow</span> alone; ‘What is the matter, trow?’,
Cymbeline, i. 6. 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME.
<span class='it'>trowen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 691), OE. <span class='it'>trūwian</span>, to believe confidently, to trust
in a person or thing (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trowses'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trowses,</span></span> close-fitting drawers; ‘Four wild Irish in trowses’, Ford,
Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Stage-direction); B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1
(Pennyboy Junior); hence, <span class='it'>trowzed</span>, clad in ‘trowses’, ‘Poor trowz’d
Irish’, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1577. F. <span class='it'>trousses</span>, the breeches of a page (Littré);
cp. O. Irish <span class='it'>truibhas</span>, close-fitting breeches and stockings (O’Curry, Introd.,
p. 384); Irish <span class='it'>triubhas</span> (Dinneen). See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Troy-novant,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>New Troy,</span></span> London. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 46;
Peele, Descensus Astraeae, l. 18 from end; id., A Farewell, &amp;c., l. 4;
‘Geoffrey of Monmouth .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. reporteth that Brute lineally descended from
the demi-god Aeneas .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. about the year of the world 2855, and 1108 before
the nativity of Christ, built this city (London) near unto the river
now called Thames, and named it Troynovant or Trenovant’, Stow’s
Survey (ed. Thoms, 1). London was the capital of the British tribe, the
<span class='it'>Trinobantes</span>, one of its ancient names being <span class='it'>Augusta Trinobantum</span>, whence
the Anglo-F. <span class='it'>Troynovant</span>; but by popular etymology <span class='it'>Troynovant</span> was connected
with the <span class='it'>Troia nova</span> (new Troy) of Geoffrey of Monmouth and Nennius.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truage,</span></span> tribute. Morte Arthur, leaf 35, back, 4; bk. i, c. 23. ME. <span class='it'>truage</span>
(Rob. Glouc.). OF. <span class='it'>truage</span>, <span class='it'>treuaige</span>, <span class='it'>treutage</span>, ‘vectigal, tributum’, deriv. of
<span class='it'>true</span>, <span class='it'>treü</span>, <span class='it'>trehu</span>, ‘tributum’, see Ducange (s.v. Truagium). OF. <span class='it'>treü</span> is the
same word as L. <span class='it'>tributum</span>; cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>traüt</span>, <span class='it'>trabut</span>, ‘tribut’ (Levy). See
Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Trewage).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='truchman'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truchman,</span></span> an interpreter. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites);
tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry, III (= L. <span class='it'>interpete</span>); Holland. Pliny, Nat.
Hist., bk. vii, ch. 24; Hakluyt, Voyages, ii. 152; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid
(ed. Arber, 82); <span class='it'>trucheman</span>, Puttenham, Eng. Poes. (ed. Arber, 278);
<span class='it'>trouchman</span>, Three Lords and Three Ladies; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 463.
See Nares. F. <span class='it'>trucheman</span> (Cotgr.), O. Prov. <span class='it'>trocheman</span>, Span. <span class='it'>trujaman</span>
(Stevens), Arab. <span class='it'>tarjumân</span> (Dozy, 351). See Stanford (s.v. Dragoman).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='truckle-bed'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truckle-bed,</span></span> a bed which could be wheeled under a larger one, Hall,
Satires, ii, sat. 6; ‘<span class='it'>troccle-bed</span>’, Statutes Trinity Coll., Oxford (ann. 1556).
An Oxford University word. L. <span class='it'>trochlea</span>, wheel of a pulley. Gk. τροχιλία,
a pulley. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>true,</span></span> honest. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xlii. 11; Much Ado, iii. 3. 54; L. L. L. iv.
3. 187; ‘The thieves have bound the true men’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 98;
‘Rich preys make true men thieves’, Venus and Ad. 724. See Wright’s
Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>true-penny,</span></span> honest fellow; used familiarly. Hamlet, i. 5. 150;
Fletcher, Loyal Subject, i. 3 (Putskie).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trug,</span></span> a trull, concubine. Arden of Fev. i. 500; Middleton, Your Five
Gallants, i. 1 (Primero). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='trullibub'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trullibub,</span></span> a slut. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#trillibub'>trillibub</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trump,</span></span> a game at cards, similar to our whist. Fletcher, Lover’s Progress,
iii. 2 (Lancelot); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truncheon,</span></span> the lower part of the shaft of a broken lance. Dryden,
Palamon, iii. 612; ‘Truncheons of shivered lances’, id., tr. of Aeneid, xi. 16.
ME. <span class='it'>tronchoun</span>, broken shaft of a spear (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2615); Anglo-F.
<span class='it'>trunçun</span>: ‘Sa hanste est fraite, n’en ad que un trunçun’ (Ch. Rol. 1352).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trundle-bed,</span></span> a low bed for a servant that ran on castors, drawn out
at night from beneath a higher bed; a synonym of <span class='bold'><a href='#truckle-bed'>truckle-bed</a>.</span> Shirley,
Witty Fair One, iii. 1 (Brains). In prov. use (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trundle-tail;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#trindle-tail'>trindle-tail</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trundling-cheat,</span></span> in cant language, a cart. B. Jonson, New Inn,
iii. 1 (Pierce). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trunk,</span></span> a tube; a speaking-tube, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, i. 1
(Cler.); a telescope, News from the New World (Printer); a pea-shooter,
‘Wooden pellets out of earthen trunks’, Middleton, Fam. of Love, iii. 3
(Purge); Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver); ‘A trunk to shoot in, <span class='it'>syringa</span>,
tubulus flatu jaculatorius’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; Brome, New Acad. iv. 1.
See Dict. (s.v. Trunk, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trunks,</span></span> trunk-hose, loose hose, often stuffed with hair. B. Jonson,
Alchem. iii. 2 (Face); Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Strozzo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truss,</span></span> to pack close; to fasten up. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 350; ‘Help to
truss me’ (i.e. to tie up the points (strings) of my hose), B. Jonson, Every
Man in Hum. i. 3 (Stephen). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trusses, a pair of,</span></span> close-fitting leggings; ‘A pair of trusses’ [for an
Irishman], Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1 (near the end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#trowses'>trowses</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trutch sword</span></span> (?); ‘For a trutch sword, my naked knife stuck up’,
Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trye,</span></span> select, refined; ‘Of silver trye’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 26. F. <span class='it'>trié</span>,
pp. of <span class='it'>trier</span>, to try, to refine.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tuch;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#touch2'>touch</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tucket,</span></span> a particular set of notes on the trumpet used as a signal for
a march (Nares). Also, <span class='it'>tucket-sonance</span>, Hen. V, iv. 2. 85. Ital. ‘<span class='it'>toccata</span> d’un
musico, a præludium that cunning musicians use to play, as it were
voluntarily before any set lesson’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tuff-taffeta,</span></span> a kind of silk. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude); B. Jonson,
Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Hedon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tumbler,</span></span> a kind of greyhound used for coursing rabbits; ‘A nimble
tumbler on a burrowed green’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, ii. 4; B. Jonson,
Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). A Linc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Tumbler, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tumbrel,</span></span> a farm-cart used for manure. Marston, Epil. to Pygmalion,
26; Satire iv. 13. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD.
(s.v. Tumbril, 1). ME. <span class='it'>tomerel</span>, a dung-cart (Prompt. EETS. 485, <span class='it'>tumerel</span>,
494); F. ‘<span class='it'>tombereau</span>, a tumbrel or dung-cart’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tumbrel,</span></span> a sort of bumboat, unfit for sailing. Fletcher, Woman’s
Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); iii. 4 (Petruchio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tundish,</span></span> a funnel; ‘Filling a bottle with a tundish’, Meas. for M.
iii. 2. 182. A ‘tun-bowl’ or a ‘tun-dish’ was a kind of wooden funnel,
like a small bucket, with hoops round it, and a tube at the bottom, used
for pouring liquids into a cask, in use in Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Tun,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 3 (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tunnel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tunnel,</span></span> the shaft of a fire-place, chimney. Webster, Devil’s Law-case,
ii. 1 (Crispiano), where <span class='it'>chimney</span> means fire-place; <span class='it'>tonnell</span>, Spenser, F. Q.
ii. 9. 29; ‘Tonnell of a chymney, <span class='it'>tuyau</span>’, Palsgrave; see Dict. (s.v. Tunnel);
<span class='it'>tonnels</span> used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for nostrils, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Cob).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tup,</span></span> to cover as a ram. Othello, i. 1. 89; iii. 3. 396. <span class='it'>Tup with</span>, to cohabit
with, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 33. ‘Tup’ is in gen. prov.
use for a ram in England and Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turf.</span></span> ‘Turfe of a cap, <span class='it'>rebras</span>’, Palsgrave (<span class='it'>rebras</span> means a turning up,
a tucking upwards or inwards); as vb., to make a turned-up edging for
a hat, ‘The steward would have had the velvet-head (of the stag) .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to
turf his hat withal’, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 (1 Woodman).
ME. <span class='it'>tyrfe</span>, the rolling back of a sleeve, ‘revolucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 483,
see note, no. 2350); <span class='it'>tirven</span>, to roll back (Havelok, 603).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turgion,</span></span> the name of a dance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20,
§ 12. F. ‘<span class='it'>tourdion</span>, a turning, or winding about; also, the dance tearmed
a round’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. <span class='it'>tordion</span>, ‘sorte de danse’ (Levy). From OF.
<span class='it'>tordre</span>, to twist. See Croft’s note on the word in the Glossary.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Turk.</span></span> ‘A valiant Turk, though not worth tenpence’, Middleton, A
Fair Quarrel, iii. 1 (1 Friend); <span class='it'>a Turk of tenpence</span> (a term of abuse), Marlowe,
Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='turken'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turken,</span></span> to wrest, distort; ‘It turkeneth all things at pleasure’, Gascoigne.
Steel Glass (ed. Arber, 37); <span class='it'>turquened</span>, pp., id., Pref. to Poesies;
ed. Hazlitt, i. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turkis,</span></span> the gem turquoise. Milton, Comus, 894. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='turm'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turm,</span></span> a troop. Milton, P. R. iii. 66. L. <span class='it'>turma</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turment,</span></span> a warlike engine; ‘Turmentes of warre’, Sir T. Elyot,
Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 3. OF. <span class='it'>torment</span>, <span class='it'>tourment</span> (Godefroy). Med. L.
<span class='it'>tormentum</span>, a machine for hurling missiles (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turnbroch,</span></span> a turnspit. <span class='it'>Turnebroche</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 80. 2. F.
<span class='it'>tourne-broche</span>, a turn-spit, a dog used for turning a spit.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Turnbull Street,</span></span> a street in Clerkenwell noted for thieves and bad
characters. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 2 (2 Promoter). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turnpike,</span></span> a turnstile that revolved on the top of a post, and was
furnished with pikes. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock).
Also, a revolving frame of pikes, set in a narrow passage to obstruct an
enemy, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turquen;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#turken'>turken</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turquet,</span></span> (perhaps) a puppet dressed as a Turk. Bacon, Essay 37.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turquois,</span></span> a quiver; ‘A <span class='it'>turquoys</span> that was full of arowes’, Caxton,
Hist. Troye, leaf 299, back, 3. OF. <span class='it'>turquois</span>, <span class='it'>turquais</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>turcasia</span>,
‘pharetra’ (Ducange); also Norm. F. <span class='it'>tarchais</span> (Wace), F. <span class='it'>tarquai</span>s (15th
cent.). Med. Gk. ταρκάσιον, a quiver; Arab, <span class='it'>tarkâsh</span>, of Persian origin,
see Dozy, Glossaire, 250. The mod. F. form is <span class='it'>carquois</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tusk,</span></span> to thrust into or beat bushes, to drive out game; ‘Make them
tuske these woodes’, Lyly, Gallathea, iv. 1 (Telusa).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tutch;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#touch2'>touch</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tutsan, tutsain,</span></span> all-heal; a species of St. John’s wort; <span class='it'>Hypericum
Androsaemum</span>; ‘The healing tutsan’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 204; ‘Of tutsan
or parke-leaues’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 45. It was considered
a panacea for wounds. F. <span class='it'>tutsan</span>, ‘tutsan, Park-leaves’ (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>Toute-saine</span>,
‘Arbrisseau ainsi nommé, parce que ses feuilles, ses racines, sa
semence sont fort utiles en Médecine’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1786).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tutt,</span></span> a mark; ‘I toucht no tutt’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 94.
‘Tut(t’ is in prov. use in Yorks. for a mark, bound, a stopping place in the
game of rounders, see EDD. (s.v. Tut, sb.<sup>7</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tutty,</span></span> a nosegay. T. Campion, Bk. of Airs, i. 20 (Wks., ed. Bullen,
p. 62); ‘Tutty or Tuzzimuzzy, an old word for a nosegay’, Phillips, 1706.
In common use in the south-west: Hants., Wilts., Dorset, Somerset and
Devon (EDD.). See Prompt. EETS., note, no. 2353 on the word
‘Tytetuste’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twagger,</span></span> a fat lamb. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9. A Sussex word for
a lamb (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twankle,</span></span> to twangle, to play upon a harp; ‘And twancling makes
them tune’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 646. Cp. <span class='it'>twangling</span>, Tam. Shrew, ii.
159. ‘Twankle’ is a Warw. word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tweak,</span></span> a prostitute. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tweche:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to keep tweche</span>, to keep touch, perform a promise. Wever,
Lusty Juventus, 1. 7; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 47. See EDD. (s.v. Twitch,
vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tweer;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#twire1'>twire</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twelve:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>upon twelve</span>, near twelve o’clock; near the dinner-hour;
‘My stomacke is now much upon twelve’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs.,
i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 175.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twelvepenny-stool gentlemen,</span></span> gentlemen who were allowed to
sit upon a stool upon the stage itself on payment of 12<span class='it'>d.</span> Middleton,
Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='twibill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twibill,</span></span> a double-bladed battle-axe. Spelt <span class='it'>twibbil</span>; Stanyhurst. tr. of
Aeneid, ii. 490 (L. <span class='it'>bipenni</span>, ii. 479). Still in prov. use for a double-headed
axe. see EDD. (s.v. Twybill). OE. <span class='it'>twibill</span>, a two-edged axe (Sweet). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#twybill'>twybill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twig,</span></span> to do anything strenuously, to press (forward); ‘And twigging
forth apace .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. the Egle flue’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 247. A Yorks.
expression, see EDD. (s.v. Twig, vb.<sup>1</sup> 6).</p>

<div class='blockquote'>

<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>twigger,</span> a wanton person, a wencher, Marlowe, Dido, iv. 5. 21;
orig. perhaps applied to a ram, Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 28.</p>

</div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twiggen,</span></span> made of osiers; cased with osiers or wicker-work; ‘A large
basket or twiggen panier’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, b. xvii, c. 10, 5 § 1; Othello,
ii. 3. 152. A Warw. word (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twight,</span></span> to ‘twit’, upbraid. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 12. ME. <span class='it'>atwite</span>, to
reproach (Laȝamon). OE. <span class='it'>ætwītan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='twight2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twight,</span></span> to twitch, to pull suddenly; ‘No bit nor rein his tender jawes
may twight’, Mirror for Mag. (Nares); used as pt. t. of <span class='it'>twitch</span>, touched,
Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 259 (L. <span class='it'>tetigit</span>). ME. <span class='it'>twykkyn</span>, ‘tractulo’ (Prompt.).
OE. <span class='it'>twiccian</span>, to pluck, catch hold of.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twin,</span></span> to separate one from the other. The World and the Child, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 244. So in Scotch use: ‘We should never twin
again, except heaven twin’d and sundered us’, Rutherford’s Life (ed.
1761), 234, see EDD. (s.v. Twin, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twin,</span></span> <span class='it'>to be twinned</span>, to be closely united like twins; ‘True liberty .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
which always with right reason dwells twinned’, Milton, P. L. xii. 85;
B. Jonson, Hue and Cry after Cupid (Vulcan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twink,</span></span> a twinkling. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 312; phr. <span class='it'>with a twink</span>, in
a moment, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella). ‘In a twink’ is in use
in various parts of England and Scotland, meaning in the shortest possible
space of time (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>twynkyn</span> wyth the eye, ‘nicto’ (Prompt.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='twire1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twire,</span></span> to peep, to peep at intervals, to take a stolen glance at a thing;
‘When sparkling stars twire not’, Sonnet xxviii; ‘To see the common
parent of us all, Which maids will twire at ’tween their fingers’, B. Jonson,
Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 169; spelt <span class='it'>tweer</span>, ‘The
tweering constable’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, v. 594).
A Wilts. and Berks. word, ‘How he did twire and twire at she!’ (EDD.).
Cp. Germ. dial. (Bavarian) <span class='it'>zwi</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>)<span class='it'>ren</span>, to take a stolen glance at a thing
(Schmeller).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twire pipe,</span></span> a term of abuse; ‘An ass, a twire pipe, a Jeffery John
Bo-peep’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas). For <span class='it'>twire</span>, see above;
<span class='it'>pipe</span> may be identified with the Yorks. word <span class='it'>pipe</span>, to glance at stealthily,
see EDD. (s.v. Pipe, vb.<sup>2</sup>) = F. <span class='it'>piper</span>, ‘to peke or prie’ (Palsgrave). See
Dict. (s.v. Peep, 2). So that <span class='it'>twire pipe</span> is a reduplicated word meaning
a sly peeper.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twissell,</span></span> the part of a tree where the branches divide from the stock;
‘As from a tree we sundrie times espie A <span class='it'>twissell</span> grow by Nature’s subtile
might’, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth to be conjoined, st. 6. See EDD.
(s.v. Twizzle, 8). OE. <span class='it'>twislian</span>, to fork, branch (Hom. ii. 117); ‘twisil
tunge’ (double tongue, Ecclus. v. 14).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='twitch-box'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twitch-box,</span></span> said to be the same as <span class='it'>touch-box</span>, a box containing powder
for <span class='it'>priming</span>; to <span class='it'>prime</span> was to put a little gunpowder into the pan of an
old-fashioned fire-arm. ‘Thy flask [powder-flask] and twitch-box’, Damon
and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 67. See <span class='bold'><a href='#touch-box'>touch-box</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twitter-light,</span></span> twilight. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 1 (2 Court.);
Mere Dissemblers, iii. 1 (Dondolo). Cp. the Yorks. expression, ‘He came
about the twitter of day’, see EDD. (s.v. Twitter, sb.<sup>4</sup> 10).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twone,</span></span> twined; pp. of <span class='it'>twine</span>. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1. 7; <span class='it'>twon</span>,
id., Sophonisba, iii. 1 (first stage-direction).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='twybill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twybill,</span></span> a kind of mattock or double axe. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 77.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#twibill'>twibill</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='tyall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tyall,</span></span> a bell-pull, string, cord; ‘The greate belles clapper was fallen
doune, the <span class='it'>tyal</span> was broken’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 172). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#tial'>tial</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tydie,</span></span> some small bird, a titmouse (?), Drayton, Pol. xiii. 79. ME
<span class='it'>tidif</span> (<span class='it'>tydif</span>), a small bird, perhaps the titmouse (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 154).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tyne;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#tine1'>tine</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tyran, tyranne,</span></span> a tyrant. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 98. Hence,
<span class='it'>tyranning</span>, acting the part of a tyrant, F. Q. iv. 7. 1. F. <span class='it'>tyran</span>, L. <span class='it'>tyrannus</span>,
Gk. τύραννος.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tysant,</span></span> barley-water. Turbervile, Of the divers and contrarie Passions
of his Love, st. 2. ME. <span class='it'>tysane</span>, ‘ptisana’ (Prompt.). F. ‘<span class='it'>tisanne</span>, barly
water’ (Cotgr.), L. <span class='it'>ptisana</span>, pearl-barley, barley-water (Pliny), Gk. πτισάνη,
peeled barley, barley-water (Hippocrates).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='U'>U</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ubblye;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#obley'>obley</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uberous,</span></span> fertile. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb. ii. 3 (Hengist).
L. <span class='it'>ūber</span>, fertile.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ugsome,</span></span> frightful, horrible. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 1007. Hence
<span class='it'>ugsomnes</span>, terror, ‘The horrour and ugsomenes of death’, Latimer, Sermons
(ed. Arber, p. 185). These words are still in common prov. use with
these meanings in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Ug). ME. <span class='it'>ugsom</span>,
frightful (Dest. Troy, 877).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ulen-spiegel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#owl-spiegle'>owl-spiegle</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbecast,</span></span> to consider, ponder. Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 25;
bk. xviii, c. 21. ME. <span class='it'>umbecast</span>; ‘In his hert can umbecast’ (Barbour’s
Bruce, v. 552). The prefix is <span class='it'>umbe</span>, OE. <span class='it'>ymbe</span>, around (see Wars Alex.,
Glossary).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbered,</span></span> embrowned with umber. Hen. V, v, Chorus, 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umberere;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#umbriere'>umbriere</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='umbles'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbles,</span></span> the ‘numbles’, the entrails of a deer; ‘The umblis of venyson’,
Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1240; Holinshed, i. 204 (Nares); <span class='it'>fig.</span> used for
a man’s bodily parts, ‘Faith, a good well-set fellow, if his spirit Be
answerable to his umbles’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 1 (Trapdoor).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#numbles'>numbles</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbrana,</span></span> a delicate fish. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 1
(Duke). Nares says: ‘The name of a fish, called also <span class='it'>umbra</span>; in English,
<span class='it'>umber</span> or <span class='it'>grayling</span>; the <span class='it'>Salmo thymullus</span> of Linnaeus.’ Ital. <span class='it'>ombrina</span>, ‘an ombre
or grailing’ (Baretti), cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>umbre</span>, an ombre, or grayling’ (Cotgr.).
Mod. L. <span class='it'>umbrae</span>, ‘tymalli, pisces Hibernis familiares’ (Ducange). Cp.
σκίαινα, the name of a sea-fish (Aristotle).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbratical,</span></span> secluded; applied to teachers who wrote in their own
studies; ‘The umbratical doctors’, B. Jonson, Discoveries, lvii. L.
<span class='it'>umbraticus doctor</span>, a private tutor (Petronius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbratil,</span></span> belonging to the shade; private, secluded. B. Jonson,
Magnetic Lady, iii. 3 (Compass). L. <span class='it'>umbratilis vita</span>, a retired, contemplative
life (Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='umbriere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbriere,</span></span> the movable visor of a helmet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 42;
iv. 4. 44; spelt <span class='it'>umberere</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 7; bk. viii, ch. 41
(end). O. Prov. <span class='it'>ombriera</span>, that which gives shade, a tree giving shade
(Levy), deriv. of <span class='it'>ombra</span>, shade, L. <span class='it'>umbra</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>un-,</span></span> negative prefix. Often used where mod. E. has <span class='it'>in-</span>; as in <span class='it'>un-constant</span>,
<span class='it'>un-firm</span>, <span class='it'>un-ordinate</span>; all in Shakespeare. So also North has
<span class='it'>un-honest</span> for <span class='it'>dis-honest</span>, <span class='it'>un-possible</span>, <span class='it'>un-satiable</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unavoided,</span></span> irrefutable. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Physician).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unbe,</span></span> to cease to be. Nero, iii. 3. 26.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unbid,</span></span> without a prayer. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unbolted,</span></span> unsifted, coarse. King Lear, ii. 2. 71. Cp. <span class='it'>bolt</span>, ‘to sift
flour through a sieve or fine cloth’, in prov. use in the north down to
Derbyshire. OF. <span class='it'>buleter</span>, to sift (Hatzfeld, s.v. Bluter).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncandied,</span></span> dissolved out of a candied or solid condition, Two Noble
Kinsmen, i. 1. 115. Cp. <span class='it'>discandy</span>, Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncape;</span></span> ‘I warrant we’ll unkennel the fox. Let me stop this way
first—so now uncape,’ Merry Wives, iii. 3. 176. Meaning doubtful.
Here are three conjectures: (1) to uncouple (hounds) so Schmidt; (2)
to dig out the fox when earthed (Warburton); (3) to turn the fox out
of the bag (Steevens).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncase,</span></span> to undress. L. L. L. v. 2. 707; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 212.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncharge,</span></span> to acquit from a charge. Hamlet, iv. 7. 68. <span class='it'>Uncharged</span>,
pp., unassailed, Timon, v. 4. 55.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unchary,</span></span> not careful, heedless. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 222.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unclew,</span></span> to unwind from a clew; hence, <span class='it'>fig.</span> to undo, to ruin. Timon,
i. 1. 168.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncoined,</span></span> not minted; hence, not used as common coin, unconventional,
simple. Hen. V, v. 2. 161.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='uncouth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncouth,</span></span> unknown, unusual, strange, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; iii. 4.
51; Shep. Kal., Sept., 60. Still in prov. use in this sense in the north
country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>uncouth</span>, strange, uncommon (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2497).
OE. <span class='it'>uncūð</span>, unknown, strange (John x. 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>underfong,</span></span> to undertake a work, labour, task; ‘And looser songs of
love to underfong’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 22; id., June, 103; to receive,
to take surreptitiously, F. Q. v. 2. 7; <span class='it'>underfang</span>, Mirror for Mag.,
Morindus, st. 6. ME. <span class='it'>underfongyn</span>, ‘suscipio’ (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>underfōn</span>,
to receive, to undertake a task (B. T.); pp. <span class='it'>underfangen</span>. See Dict. M. and S.
(s.vv. Underfon <span class='it'>and</span> Underfangen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>undergo,</span></span> to experience; to endure with firmness, Cymbeline, iii. 2. 7;
to suffer, put up with, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 133; to partake of, to enjoy,
Meas. for M. i. 1. 24; to take upon oneself, to undertake, Two Gent.
v. 4. 42; to be subject to, ‘Claudio undergoes my challenge’, Much Ado,
v. 2. 57.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='undermeal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>undermeal,</span></span> a slight afternoon meal. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 1
(Cokes). See EDD. (s.v. Undern). ME. <span class='it'>undermele</span>, ‘post meridies’
(Prompt. EETS. 508); <span class='it'>undermele tyde</span> (Trevisa, tr. Higden, v. 373); <span class='it'>undermeles</span>,
afternoons (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 875); <span class='it'>undern</span> + <span class='it'>mele</span>; <span class='it'>undern</span>, the time
between noon and sunset. OE. <span class='it'>undern</span>. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v.
Undern).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>underset,</span></span> to support, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146). ME.
<span class='it'>undersettyn</span> or underschoryn, ‘fulcio, suffulcio’ (Prompt. EETS.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>undertaker,</span></span> a contractor; ‘Let not the government of the plantation
depend upon too many .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. undertakers in the country that planteth’,
Bacon, Essay 33; one who takes upon himself a task or business, Twelfth
Nt. iii. 4. 349; Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 78. Cp. Othello, iv. 1. 224.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>undertime,</span></span> afternoon, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13. For <span class='it'>undern-time</span>.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#undermeal'>undermeal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>underwork,</span></span> to work secretly against any one; <span class='it'>underwrought</span>, pp.,
undermined. King John, ii. 1. 96.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='uneath'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uneath, unneath,</span></span> scarcely, hardly, with difficulty. Spenser, F. Q.
i. 9. 38; i. 10. 31; i. 11. 4; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 8; <span class='it'>unnethes</span>, Shep. Kal., Jan., 6.
ME. <span class='it'>uneth</span> (<span class='it'>unneth</span>) scarcely (Wars Alex. 2060, 4801), also <span class='it'>unethes</span> (<span class='it'>unnethes</span>),
id., 4078, 4437; also in Chaucer, see Glossary. OE. <span class='it'>unēaðe</span> (Gen. xxvii. 30).
See Dict. M. and S. (s v. Uneaðe).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unequal,</span></span> unjust. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 1 (Mosca); Massinger,
Emp. of the East, v. 2 (Theodosius); Ant. and Cl. ii. 5. 101; 2 Hen. IV,
iv. 1. 102; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ezek. xviii. 25 (<span class='it'>unequal</span> = Vulg. <span class='it'>pravus</span>). See Trench,
Sel. Gl. See <span class='bold'><a href='#equal'>equal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unexpressive,</span></span> inexpressible. As You Like it, iii. 2. 10; Milton,
Christ’s Nativity, 116; Lycidas, 176.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unfolding;</span></span> ‘The unfolding star calls up the shepherd’, Meas. for M.
iv. 2. 218. The star that by its rising tells the shepherd that it is time
to release the sheep from the fold. [So Collins in his Ode to Evening, 72,
refers to the evening-star as the <span class='it'>folding-star</span>, the star rising at folding
time: ‘When thy folding-star arising shows His paly circlet’; cp. Shelley
in Hellas, 221, ‘The powers of earth and air Fled from the folding star
of Bethlehem’.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhappily,</span></span> unfortunately, with regret be it said. Meas. for M. i. 2.
160; mischievously, with evil result, Lucrece, 8; evilly, King Lear, i.
2. 157; Sonnet 66.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhappy,</span></span> mischievous, evil, trickish, All’s Well, iv. 5. 66; ill-omened,
Cymb. v. 5. 153; wicked, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, Prologue;
waggish, Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 2 (Olympia); unfortunate, Spenser,
F. Q. i. 2. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhatched,</span></span> unhacked, not blunted by blows. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 257;
<span class='it'>unhatcht</span>, unmarked, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 5 (Oriana).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#hatched'>hatched</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhatched,</span></span> not hatched, not yet brought to light. Hamlet, i. 3. 65;
Othello, iii. 4. 141.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='unhele'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhele, unheale,</span></span> to uncover. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 64; iv. 5. 10;
Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (near end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#heal'>heal</a></span> (to cover).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unherse,</span></span> to take down (arms) from the ‘hearse’, or temporary stand
on which they were placed; part of the ceremony of <span class='it'>baffling</span>. Spenser, F. Q.
v. 3. 37. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hearse'>hearse</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhouseled,</span></span> without having received the last sacrament. Hamlet,
i. 5. 77. Deriv. of ME. <span class='it'>housel</span> (P. Plowman, B. xix. 390); OE. <span class='it'>hūsl</span> (<span class='it'>hūsel</span>),
the consecrated bread in the Eucharist (Ælfric), Goth. <span class='it'>hunsl</span>, ‘sacrificium’
(Matt. ix. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Housel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unicorn’s horn,</span></span> a supposed antidote to poison. B. Jonson, Ev. Man
out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). ‘This beast in countenance is cruell and
wilde, and yet notwithstanding mixed with a certaine sweetnes or
amiablenes. His horne is of a merveilous greate force and vertue against
Venome and poyson,’ Blundevile, Exercises; see Bible Word-Book (s.v.
Unicorn).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unimproved,</span></span> not yet used for advantage. Hamlet, i. 1. 96. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#improve'>improve</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>union,</span></span> a fine pearl. Hamlet, v. 2. 283; Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 231.
Anglo-F. <span class='it'>union</span> (Bestiary, 1482); see Rough List; L. <span class='it'>unio</span>, a single pearl of
a large size.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unjust,</span></span> dishonest. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 30; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Luke xvi. 8.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unkind,</span></span> unnatural. Spenser, F. Q., iii. 2. 43; King Lear, iii. 4. 73.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unlast,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> of <span class='it'>unlace</span>, to unfasten. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unlefull,</span></span> forbidden. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 61. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lefull'>lefull</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unlived,</span></span> deprived of life. Lucrece, 1754.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unmanned,</span></span> unaccustomed to man, untamed, as a hawk. B. Jonson,
Sad Shepherd, iii. 2 (Karol); Romeo, iii. 2. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unmorris’d,</span></span> not dressed like a morris-dancer. Fletcher, Women
Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>un-napt,</span></span> not provided with nap, as cloth; hence, unfurnished, unprovided.
Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, i. 1. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unnethes;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#uneath'>uneath</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unowed,</span></span> unowned. King John, iv. 3. 147.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unperegall,</span></span> unequalled. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iv. 5 (end).
See <span class='bold'><a href='#peregall'>peregall</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unpregnant,</span></span> unapt for business. Meas. for M. iv. 4. 23; <span class='it'>unpregnant
of</span>, having no intelligent sense of, Hamlet, ii. 2. 595. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pregnant2'>pregnant</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='unqueat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unqueat,</span></span> unquiet, disquieted. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 16,
st. 65. See <span class='bold'><a href='#queat'>queat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unquestionable,</span></span> averse from conversation, uncommunicative. As
You Like It, iii. 2. 393.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unquod,</span></span> unusual, strange; ‘Vnquod manor of crueltee’, Udall, tr.
of Apoph., Augustus, § 59. A contaminated form, see EDD. (s.vv. Uncouth
and Unkid). In <span class='it'>unkid</span> the <span class='it'>-kid</span> = OE. (<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>cȳdd</span>, contraction of <span class='it'>cȳðed</span>,
pp. of <span class='it'>cȳðan</span>, to make known. See <span class='bold'><a href='#uncouth'>uncouth</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='unready'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unready,</span></span> not fully dressed. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 39; <span class='it'>to make unready</span>, to
undress, Fletcher, Island Princess, iii. 8. 13. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unrecovered,</span></span> irrecoverable. Chapman, Iliad ix, 247.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unreduct,</span></span> unreduced. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1 (Gerardine).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unreproved,</span></span> irreproachable. Chapman, Iliad i, 87; ii, 785.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unrespective,</span></span> devoid of consideration, unthinking. Richard III,
iv. 2. 29; used at random, without consideration, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 71.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unrude,</span></span> rough, violent. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum., iv. 1. Cp.
the obs. Scottish <span class='it'>unrude</span> (hideous, horrible, vile), given in Jamieson (EDD.).
ME. <span class='it'>unrüde</span> (Stratmann); <span class='it'>unride</span> (<span class='it'>unrode</span>), cruel, rough, wanton (Wars
Alex.). OE. <span class='it'>ungerȳde</span>, rough, violent, cp. <span class='it'>ungerȳdu</span>, ‘aspera’ (Luke iii. 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unseeled,</span></span> not fastened up, opened; applied to the eyes. B. Jonson,
Catiline, i. 1 (Cethegus). See <span class='bold'><a href='#seel'>seel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unshed,</span></span> not carefully parted; said of hair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40.
‘To shed’ is in prov. use in the north country for making a parting in the
hair of the head (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>scheden</span>, to separate, to part the hair; <span class='it'>schede</span>,
the parting of a man’s hair (Cath. Angl.); OE. <span class='it'>scēada</span>, the top of the head,
parting of the hair, <span class='it'>scēadan</span>, to part, to make a line of separation between
(B. T.). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Scheden).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unstanched,</span></span> (of thirst) insatiable. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 6. 83.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unsuffered,</span></span> insufferable. Chapman, Iliad iii, 6.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='untappice'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untappice,</span></span> to come out of hiding; ‘Now I’ll untappice’, Massinger,
A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tappish'>tappish</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untempering,</span></span> not having a modifying or softening influence. Hen. V,
v. 2. 241; <span class='it'>temper</span>, to fashion, mould, Richard III, i. 1. 65; Titus, iv. 4.
109. L. <span class='it'>temperare</span>, to temper, moderate, qualify.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untented,</span></span> not to be probed by a ‘tent’; hence, incurable. King Lear,
i. 4. 322. See Dict. (s.v. Tent, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untermed,</span></span> interminable, endless. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, iii. 3 (Duke).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untewed,</span></span> not dressed like hemp; hence, not combed out, said of
a sheep’s fleece. Lyly, Endimion, ii. 2 (Sir Tophas). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tew2'>tew</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unthrift,</span></span> prodigal, wasteful. Timon, iv. 3. 311; a prodigal, good-for-nothing
person, Richard II, ii. 3. 122. Cp. the Yorks. expression, ‘He’s
a desperate unthrift’, for a thriftless squanderer, a good-for-nothing
person (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untraded,</span></span> not commonly used. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 178. See <span class='bold'><a href='#trade'>trade</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untrussed,</span></span> partially undressed, with the laces of his hose untied.
Middleton, The Witch, v. 1. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='untwight'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untwight,</span></span> untouched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 345; spelt <span class='it'>ontwight</span> (L.
<span class='it'>incolumis</span>), id., ii. 88. See <span class='bold'><a href='#twight2'>twight</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unvalued,</span></span> inestimable, invaluable. Richard III, i. 4. 27; Fletcher,
Valentinian, i. 2. 19.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='unwappered'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwappered,</span></span> not jaded, not worn out. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4.
10. ‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word, ‘Thy horse is wappered out’, i.e. tired
out, quite jaded (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwares,</span></span> unawares, unexpectedly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 18; undesignedly,
3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 62; <span class='it'>at unwares</span>, unexpectedly, Gascoigne (ed.
Hazlitt, i. 434).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwary,</span></span> unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 25. The usual ME. form
was <span class='it'>unwar</span>; as in Chaucer, used as an adj. unexpected, and as an adv.
unexpectedly.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwist,</span></span> unknown, unsuspected. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 26. ME. <span class='it'>unwist</span>,
unknown (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1294).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwreaken,</span></span> unavenged. Tancred and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda);
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 86. ME. <span class='it'>wreken</span>, pp. avenged; <span class='it'>wreke</span>, to avenge
(Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>wrecan</span>, pp. <span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>wrecen</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upbraid,</span></span> a reproach; ‘He .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. with his mind had known Much better
the upbraids of men’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vi. 389. ME. <span class='it'>upbreyd</span>, a
reproach (Handlyng Synne, 5843). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upbray,</span></span> to ‘upbraid’, reproach. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 45. In prov. use
in north Yorks. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uphild,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> upheld. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 21.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uppen,</span></span> to ‘open’, reveal, relate. Golding, Metam. xii. 162; fol. 145,
l. 5 (1603). Cp. the E. Anglian expressions, ‘You didn’t uppen it, did ye?
Be sewer don’t uppen it ta nobody’, where ‘uppen’ means to disclose,
reveal (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upright men,</span></span> ‘vagabonds who were strong enough to be chiefs or
magistrates among their fellows; one of the twenty-four orders of beggars’
(Aydelotte, p. 27). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 2; Harman, Caveat
(New Shaks. Soc, p. 34).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upsey,</span></span> in the following combinations: <span class='it'>Upsey-Dutch</span>, in the Dutch
fashion, B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4 (Subtle), whence the phr. <span class='it'>to drink
upsey Dutch</span>, to drink to excess, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii 1. 3; <span class='it'>Upsey-Freeze</span>,
in the Frisian fashion, The Shrift (Nares); Dekker, Belman; id.,
Seven Deadly Sins (Nares); <span class='it'>Upsey-English</span>, in the English way, Beaumont
and Fl., Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen). [Cp. ‘Drink upsees out’, in the
Soldier’s Song in Scott’s Lady of the Lake, vi. 5.] Du. <span class='it'>op zyn</span>: <span class='it'>op zyn
Engelsch</span>, after the English fashion (Sewel, s.v. Op). Du. <span class='it'>zyn</span> (now spelt
<span class='it'>zin</span>) = G. <span class='it'>sinn</span>, sense, meaning.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upsitting,</span></span> a festival when a woman sits up after her confinement.
Westward Ho, v. 1 (Mist. Tenterhook); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1
(Oldrents); Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, ii. 1 (Valere); ‘<span class='it'>Relevailles
d’une femme</span>, the upsitting’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upspring,</span></span> the name of a dance. Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘An Almain and an
upspring’, Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Bohemia).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ure,</span></span> operation, action. Esp. in phr. <span class='it'>to put in ure</span>, Ferrex and Porrex,
iv. 2 (Porrex); Greene. Alphonsus, Prol. (Venus). OF. <span class='it'>ure</span>, <span class='it'>eure</span>, L. <span class='it'>opera</span>,
work, action. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ure2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ure,</span></span> destiny; ‘Wherefore he hathe good ure, That can hymselfe assure
Howe fortune wyll endure,’ Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1003. Hence, as vb.
<span class='it'>to be ured</span>, to be invested with as by a decree of fate, ‘Men nowe a dayes
so unhappely be uryd’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6. See <span class='bold'><a href='#eure'>eure</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>usance,</span></span> interest paid for money, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 46. A rare
meaning of the word; it gen. means the same as ‘usage’. ME. <span class='it'>usaunce</span>,
custom (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 683). Norm. F. <span class='it'>usance</span>, ‘usage, mise en
pratique, exercice d’un pouvoir’ (Moisy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uses,</span></span> practical applications of doctrines; a term affected by the
Puritans, and ridiculed by the dramatists. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady,
iii. 1 (Needle); Massinger, Emp. of the East, iii. 2 (Flaccilla).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>utas,</span></span> the period of eight days beginning with a festival; hence,
merriment, festivity; ‘Utas of a feest, <span class='it'>octaves</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘Old utis’
(i.e. high merriment), 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 22. ‘Utis’ still survives in prov.
use in Worc. in the sense of noise, din: ‘The hounds kicked up a deuce of
a utis’ (EDD.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>utaves</span> (Rough List); L. <span class='it'>octava</span> (<span class='it'>dies</span>), eighth day;
for ecclesiastical use see Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Octave). See Dict.
(s.v. Utas).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>utter,</span></span> to put forth, put in circulation, offer for sale, put on the market.
L. L. L. ii. 1. 16; Romeo, v. 1. 67; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 330; Fletcher,
Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); Sir T. Elyot, Governour, iii. 30, § 2; Stanyhurst,
tr. Aeneid, i. 448. Hence <span class='it'>utterance</span>, sale, ‘There is no such speedie utterance
of rabbets’, Harrison, Descr. of England, bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall,
p. 304).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='utterance'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>utterance:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to the utterance</span>, to the last extremity, Macbeth, iii.
1. 72. F. <span class='it'>à outrance</span>; <span class='it'>combat à outrance</span>, a fight to the death; deriv. of <span class='it'>outre</span>,
L. <span class='it'>ultra</span>, beyond.</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='V'>V</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vacabonde,</span></span> a wandering beggar, a ‘vagabond’; ‘Fraternitye of
Vacabondes’, Awdeley (title of book, 1565). Norm. F. <span class='it'>vacabond</span>, ‘vagabond’
(Moisy); F. ‘<span class='it'>vacabonds</span>, vagabonds, rogues’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.vv.
Vagabond <span class='it'>and</span> Vagrant).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vacate,</span></span> to annul, to make void, to make of no authority; ‘That after-act
vacating the authority of the precedent’, King Charles (Johnson); to
render vain, to frustrate, Dryden, Don Sebastian, ii. 1 (Dorax). Med. L.
<span class='it'>vac</span>(<span class='it'>u</span>)<span class='it'>are</span>, ‘inane, irritum et vacuum efficere’ (Ducange), see Rönsch,
Vulgata, 171.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vade,</span></span> to vanish, pass away; ‘Their vapour vaded’, Spenser, F. Q. iii.
9. 20; ‘How ever gay their blossome or their blade Doe flourish now,
they into dust shall vade’, id., v. 2. 40; Ruines of Rome, xx; Shaks.
Sonnets, liv. 14; to fade, ‘Upon her head a chaplet stood of never vading
greene’, Niccols, Induction, Mirror for Mag. 559 (Nares); Richard II,
i. 2. 20.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vah,</span></span> an interjection; ‘No, vah! Fie, I scorn it’, Dekker, Shoemakers’
Holiday, v. 1 (Eyre).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vail,</span></span> to lower, to let fall; ‘She vailed her eyelids’, Venus and Ad.
956; Hamlet, i. 2. 70; to bow, to stoop, to do homage, Pericles, iv, Prol.
29. ME. <span class='it'>avale</span>, to lower (Gower, C. A. viii. 1619). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avaler</span>, to
lower (Gower, Mirour, 10306).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vails,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span>, profits or perquisites that arise to servants besides their
salary or wages. Pericles, ii. 1. 163; Dryden, Juvenal, Sat. iii. 311. In
prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Vail, 2). <span class='it'>Vail</span> is a shortened form for <span class='it'>avail</span>.
ME. <span class='it'>avayle</span>, ‘profectus, proventus, emolumentum’ (Prompt. EETS. 17).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>valance,</span></span> a fringe of drapery; ‘Rich cloth of tissue and vallance of
black silk’, Strype, Eccles. Mem., Funeral Solemnities of Henry VIII;
a part of bed-hangings, ‘<span class='it'>Valenzana del letto</span>, the valances of a bed’, Florio
(ed. 1598). Hence <span class='it'>valanced</span>, fringed, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> of a beard, Hamlet, ii. 2.
442. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>valew,</span></span> valour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29; Harington, tr. Ariosto, xiii.
39. F. ‘<span class='it'>valuë</span>, worth, goodness’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>valiant,</span></span> worth, amounting to in value; ‘Four hundred a year valiant,
worth £400 a year’, Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 1 (Witgood). F. <span class='it'>vaillant</span>,
‘a mans whole estate or worth, all his substance, means, fortunes’
(Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>valens</span>, ‘valor, pretium’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vall,</span></span> a vale. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 479. F. ‘<span class='it'>val</span>, a vale’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vallies,</span></span> ‘valise’. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (near the end). See
Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>valure,</span></span> value, worth. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 506); Pembroke,
Arcadia (Nares); Mirror for Mag. 280; hence, <span class='it'>valurous</span>, valuable,
Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (Tamb.). See Dict. (s.v. Valour).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vannes,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span> wings, Milton, P. L. ii. 927. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>vanni</span>, ‘the whole
wings of any bird’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vance,</span></span> to ‘advance’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 7.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vantbrace,</span></span> the ‘vambrace’, armour for the fore-arm, Milton, Samson,
1121; Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 297. F. <span class='it'>avant-bras</span>, ‘the part of the arm which
extends from the elbow to the wrist; also, a vambrace armour for an
arm’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vantguard,</span></span> the ‘vanguard’, front rank. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv.
266. ME. <span class='it'>vaunt-gard</span> (Holinshed, Chron. Edw. III, ann. 1346; F. <span class='it'>avant-garde</span>,
‘the vanguard of an army’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vapour,</span></span> fume, steam; used, like <span class='it'>humour</span>, to denote a man’s characteristic
quality, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii (passim). See full account of
this use of the word in Nares (s.v.). Cp. the use of the F. word <span class='it'>vapeurs</span>.
‘On appelle <span class='it'>Vapeurs</span> dans le corps humain, Les affections hypocondriaques
&amp; hystériques, parce qu’on les croyoit causées par des fumées élevées de
l’estemac ou du bas ventre vers le cerveau’, Dict. de l’Acad. (ed. 1762).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='vardingale'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vardingale,</span></span> a ‘farthingale’. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 434. This is the form in Cotgrave (s.vv. Vertugalle
and Vertugadin). F. <span class='it'>verdugale</span> (Rabelais); ‘sorte de cerceau, panier ou
jupon bouffant pour seutenir les jupes’ (Jannet’s Gloss.). Span. <span class='it'>verdugado</span>,
‘a Petticoat .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. set out below with a small Hoop, below with one
wider and so wider and wider down to the Feet, so that it looks exactly
like a Funnel’ (Stevens). See <span class='bold'><a href='#verdugal'>verdugal</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vare,</span></span> a wand. Dryden, Absalom, 595. Span. <span class='it'>vára</span>, a wand (Stevens.)</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vastidity,</span></span> immensity. Meas. for M. iii. 1. 69.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vasty,</span></span> vast, spacious. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 52.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='vaunt'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vaunt,</span></span> the beginning; ‘Our play leaps o’er the vaunt and firstlings
of those broils’, Tr. and Cr., Prel. 27. <span class='it'>Vaunt-courier</span>, a forerunner, King
Lear, iii. 2. 25; cp. F. <span class='it'>avant-coureur</span>, ‘a fore-runner, avant-curror’ (Cotgr.);
see <span class='bold'><a href='#voward'>voward</a>.</span> F. <span class='it'>avant</span>, before, used of place and time.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vaut,</span></span> to ‘vault’, to leap. Ascham, Scholemaster, 64; Drayton, Pol. vi.
51; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); hence <span class='it'>vawter</span>, a ‘vaulter’,
tumbler, dancer; used of a wanton woman, Gosson, School of Abuse, 36.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vease,</span></span> a rush, impetus, great effort, force; ‘Forth his vease he set
withall’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 962. See EDD. (s.v. Fease, sb. 6).
ME. <span class='it'>vese</span>: ‘Ther-out cam a rage and such a vese that it made al the gates
for to rese’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1985); see NED. (s.v. Feeze). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#feeze'>feeze</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vecture,</span></span> carrying, conveying, carriage of goods. Bacon, Essay 15,
§ 11. L. <span class='it'>vectura</span>, a carrying, conveying, transportation by carriage or
ship (Cicero).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>veget,</span></span> lively, bright; ‘A veget spark’, Cartwright, The Ordinary,
iv. 3 (Shape). L. <span class='it'>vegetus</span>, lively.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vegetive,</span></span> a vegetable. Pericles, iii. 2. 36; Massinger, Old Law, i
(Nares); as adj. ‘The tree still panted in th’ unfinish’d part, Not wholly
vegetive, and heav’d her heart’, Dryden, Ovid, Metam. bk. i (Daphne).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>velure,</span></span> velvet. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 62; <span class='it'>vellure</span>, Beaumont and Fl.,
Noble Gent. v. 1 (Nares). F. <span class='it'>velours</span>, velvet; cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>velos</span> (Levy), L.
<span class='it'>villosus</span>, shaggy (Virgil); see Hatzfeld.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>velvet-tip,</span></span> the down or velvet upon the first sprouting horns of a
young deer. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Spadone).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='vena'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vena porta,</span></span> or <span class='it'>gate-vaine</span> (gate-vein), a vein conveying chyle from the
stomach to the liver. Bacon, Essay 19, § 11; 41, § 2. L. <span class='it'>vena</span>, vein;
<span class='it'>porta</span>, gate. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gate-vein'>gate-vein</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>venditation,</span></span> ostentatious display. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxii,
Not. 8 (p. 747). L. <span class='it'>venditatio</span>, an offering for sale, display; <span class='it'>venditare</span>, to
offer again and again for sale.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>venerie,</span></span> hunting. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 22. ME. <span class='it'>venerye</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span>
166). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>venerie</span> (Gower, Mirour, 20314).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Venetians,</span></span> Venetian or Venice hose. Three Ladies of London, in
Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344; <span class='it'>Venetian-hosen</span> (described), Stubbes, Anat. of
Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 56).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vengeable,</span></span> revengeful, cruel, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 6, § 3;
Spenser, ii. 4. 30, 46; terrible, ‘Magdeburg be vengeable fellows’, Ascham,
Letter to Raven, 381 (Nares); excessively great, ‘Paulus .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. was a vengible
fellow in linking matters together’, Holland’s Camden, p. 78 (Davies);
excessively, ‘The drink is vengeable bitter’, Gascoigne, Glasse Gov. v. 1
(ed. 1870). See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vent,</span></span> a small inn. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess); Shelton,
tr. Don Quixote, Pt. I. ii. Span. <span class='it'>venta</span>, an inn (Stevens). Med. L. <span class='it'>venta</span>,
‘locus ubi merees venum exponuntur’ (Ducange); <span class='it'>vendita</span>, see Ducange
(s.v. Venda, 1); deriv. of L. <span class='it'>vendere</span>, to sell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vent,</span></span> to vend, sell. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1. 8; a sale,
Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146); Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 27.
F. <span class='it'>vente</span>, sale. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vent,</span></span> to snuff up or take in the air; to perceive by scent. B. Jonson,
Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 118; Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
Feb., 75.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vent,</span></span> to let out, emit, Coriolanus, i. 1. 229; to utter, Ant. and Cl. iii.
4. 8 (common in Shaks.); to give birth to, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xix. 97.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ventages,</span></span> small holes for the passage of air in a flute or flageolet, to
be stopped with a finger. Hamlet, iii. 2. 372.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ventanna,</span></span> a window. Dryden, Conq. of Granada, I. i. 1 (Boabdelin).
Span. <span class='it'>ventana</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ventilate,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> discussed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 3.
L. <span class='it'>ventilatus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>ventilare</span>, to winnow grain, to toss grain into the air in
order to cleanse it from chaff (Pliny).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ventoy,</span></span> a fan. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2. 4. F. ‘<span class='it'>ventau</span>,
a fan’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ver,</span></span> spring. Surrey, Complaint of a Lover, 19 (Tottel’s Misc. 8 and 11);
spelt <span class='it'>vere</span>, ‘The rotys take theyr sap in tyme of vere’, Skelton, On Tyme,
24. O. Prov. <span class='it'>ver</span>, ‘printemps’ (Levy), L. <span class='it'>ver</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>verdea wine,</span></span> a wine made of a green grape; and sold at Florence.
Beaumont and Fl., ii. 1 (Miramont). Ital. <span class='it'>verdéa</span>, ‘a kind of white pleasant
dainty Ladies wine in Tuscany’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='verdugal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>verdugal,</span></span> a ‘farthingale’; ‘Stiffe bombasted verdugals’, Florio’s
Montaigne (ed. Morley, 1886, p. 273). See <span class='bold'><a href='#vardingale'>vardingale</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>verdugo,</span></span> a Spanish word for an executioner, a hangman (Stevens);
hence, <span class='it'>his Verdugo-ship</span>, a contemptuous expression for a Spaniard, B. Jonson,
Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vespillo,</span></span> among the Romans, one who carried out the poor for burial;
a corpse-bearer. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. I, § 38. L. <span class='it'>vespillo</span>
(Suetonius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vex,</span></span> to be grieved about anything. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1. 7.
In prov. use from Worc. to the Isle of Wight, ‘ ’Er little girl died, and ’er
vex’d and vex’d so’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>via!,</span></span> away!, move on! Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 11; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas,
ii. 3 (Launcelot). Ital. <span class='it'>via</span>, ‘an adverbe of encouraging, much used by
riders to their horses, and by commanders; go on, away, go to, on, forward,
quickly’, Florio. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Vice</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Iniquity,</span></span> names for the established buffoon in the old
Moralities; ‘How like you the Vice in the Play?’, B. Jonson, Staple
of News (ed. 1860, p. 388); ‘Thus like the formal Vice, Iniquity, I
moralize’, Richard III, iii. 1. 82. See Schmidt, and Nares (svv. Iniquity
and Vice).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='vice'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vice,</span></span> an iron press with a screw for holding things fast, 2 Hen. IV, ii.
1. 24; to hold one fast as in a ‘vice’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 416. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vide-ruff,</span></span> an old card-game; obsolete. Heywood, A Woman killed,
iii. 2 (Cranwell). Prob. <span class='it'>vide</span> = <span class='it'>vied</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>vie</span>, a term in card-playing;
see <span class='bold'><a href='#vie1'>vie</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='vie1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vie,</span></span> to hazard or put down a certain sum upon a hand at cards; <span class='it'>to revie</span>,
to cover that stake with a larger sum; after which, the first challenger
could <span class='it'>revie</span> again; and so on. ‘Here’s a trick vied and revied!’, B. Jonson,
Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 (Well-bred); <span class='it'>Vie and revie</span>, Drayton, Muses’
Elysium, Nymphal ii, § last; see Gifford’s note. See below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vie with,</span></span> to show in comparison or competition with; ‘So with the
dove of Paphos might the crow vie feathers white’, Pericles, iv, Prol. 33.
ME. <span class='it'>envỳe</span>, to show in competition (Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 173, MS.
Fairfax). F. <span class='it'>envier</span> (au jeu), ‘to vie’ (Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>invitare</span> (al giuoco), to
vie at any game (Florio); cp. Span. <span class='it'>envidar</span>, to invite or open the game by
staking a certain sum (Neuman). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vild,</span></span> vile. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46; v. 11. 18. A very common form in
Tudor English.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>viliaco,</span></span> a scoundrel. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. v. 3
(Sogliardo). Ital. <span class='it'>vigliacco</span>, ‘a rascal, a scurvy scoundrel’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vilify,</span></span> to hold cheap. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 3 (Forobosco).
Late L. <span class='it'>vilificare</span> (Tertullian).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>villatic,</span></span> belonging to a farm; hence, domestic; ‘Tame villatic fowl’,
Milton, Samson, 1695. L. <span class='it'>villaticus</span>, belonging to a farm. L. <span class='it'>villa</span>, a
country-house, farm.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vine-dee,</span></span> a kind of wine. Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield).
Supposed to represent F. <span class='it'>vin de Dieu</span>, or lacrima-Christi.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='viol-de-gamboys'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>viol-de-gamboys,</span></span> a bass-viol, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 27. Ital. <span class='it'>viola di gamba</span>,
‘a violl de gamba’ (Florio). So called because placed beside the leg
instead of (like the violin) on the arm. Ital. <span class='it'>gamba</span>, the leg. See
<span class='bold'><a href='#de'>de gambo</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>virelay,</span></span> a lay or song with a ‘veering’ arrangement of the rimes.
Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 365. See Nares. F. <span class='it'>virelay</span>, ‘a virelay, round,
freemans song’; <span class='it'>virer</span>, ‘to veer, turn round’ (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>virge, verge,</span></span> a wand. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 3 (Seriben).
F. <span class='it'>verge</span>, a rod, wand (Cotgr.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>virginals,</span></span> an instrument of the spinnet kind, but made rectangular,
like a small pianoforte. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1
(2 Citizen); Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown). Also called <span class='it'>a pair of
virginals</span>, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, ch. iii. Their name was probably
derived from their being used by young girls. Hence, <span class='it'>virginalling</span>, lit. playing
on the virginals, ‘Still virginalling upon his palm!’, Winter’s Tale, i. 2.
125 (a word coined in jealous indignation). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>visage,</span></span> to look in the face, gaze on. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, book ii,
c. 2, § 3. ‘<span class='it'>I vysage</span>, I make contenaunce to one, <span class='it'>Ie visaige</span>’, Palsgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>visitate,</span></span> to survey, behold. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 161.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vively,</span></span> in a life-like manner. Marston, Sophonisba, iv. 1. 154. F. <span class='it'>vif</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vives;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#fives'>fives</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>voider,</span></span> a basket or tray for carrying out the relics of a dinner or other
meal. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo); ‘<span class='it'>Mésciróbba</span>,
any great dish, platter, charger, voider, tray or pan’, Florio; ‘Enter .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
serving-men, one with a voider and a wooden knife’, T. Heywood, Woman
Killed with Kindness (The wooden knife emptied the remnants of the
food into the ‘voider’); ‘Piers Ploughman laid the cloth and Simplicity
brought in the voider’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, i; ‘Voyder, <span class='it'>lanx</span>’, Levins,
Manip. In prov. use for a butler’s tray, or a large open basket; in
west Yorks. it is the usual word for a clothes-basket (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>volary,</span></span> a great cage for birds; ‘(she sits) Like the forsaken turtle, in
the volary Of the Light Heart, the cage’, B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1
(Prudence). Ital. <span class='it'>voleria</span>, ‘a volery or great cage for birds’ (Florio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>voley:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>on the voley, o’ the volèe</span>, inconsiderately. Massinger, Picture,
iii. 6. 1; B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Prudence). F. <span class='it'>à la volée</span>, ‘rashly,
inconsiderately, at random, at rovers’; <span class='it'>volée</span>, flight, <span class='it'>voler</span>, to fly (Cotgr.).
See Nares (s.v. Volée).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>voluptie,</span></span> sensual pleasure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11, § 16;
bk. iii, c. 20, § 1. F. <span class='it'>volupté</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>volvell,</span></span> an instrument consisting of graduated and figured circles
drawn on the leaf of a book, to the centre of which is attached one
movable circle or more; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’,
Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1517. Fully described by Dyce, ii. 336. Med. L.
<span class='it'>volvella</span>, <span class='it'>volvellum</span>; from L. <span class='it'>volvere</span>, to revolve.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vor, vore;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#che'>che vor</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vorloffe,</span></span> ‘furlough’. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (Picklock).
Du. ‘<span class='it'>verlof</span>, leave, consent or permission’ (Hexham); Dan. <span class='it'>forlov</span>, leave,
furlough, cp. G. <span class='it'>verlaub</span>, leave, permission.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>votaress,</span></span> a woman that is under a vow. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 123,
163; <span class='it'>votress</span>, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 225.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vote,</span></span> an ardent wish, a prayer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress,
iv. 2 (Alcidon); Massinger, Guardian, v. 1 (Severino). L. <span class='it'>votum</span>, a desire,
an ardent longing (Horace).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='voward'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>voward,</span></span> for <span class='it'>vaward</span>, <span class='it'>vanward</span>, vanguard, North’s Plutarch, M. Brutus,
§ 29 (in Shak. Plut., p. 142); id., § 31, p. 147. F. <span class='it'>avant-garde</span>, vanguard.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#vaunt'>vaunt</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vowess,</span></span> a widow who made a vow to observe chastity in honour of
her deceased husband; ‘In that church (Oseneie) lieth this ladie
(Editha, wife of Robert d’Oyly) buried with hir image .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. in the habit
of a vowesse’, Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, p. 74);
Leland’s Itinerary (ed. Toulmin Smith, Pt. I, 83, 112, 124). In the church
of Shalstone in Bucks. there is a monumental brass to the memory of
Susan Kingstone, step-sister of Sir T. Elyot, on which she is described as
a ‘vowess’; she died in the year 1540. For the widow’s vow of chastity,
see Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 70, footnote); Fosbrooke, British Monachism,
510.</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='W'>W</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wae;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#woe'>woe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wafer-woman,</span></span> a seller of wafer-cakes, freq. mentioned in the dramatists
as employed in amorous embassies; ‘Am I not able .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to deliver
a letter handsomely? .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Why every wafer-woman will undertake it’,
Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, i. 3. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, ii.
1 (Valerio); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Cp. what Chaucer
says of <span class='it'>wafereres</span> (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 479).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waff,</span></span> to wave, waft; ‘He waffes [wafts] an armie out of France’,
Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iii, ch. 18; <span class='it'>waft</span>, waved, beckoned; Merch.
Ven. v. 1. 11. Still in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Waff, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1),
and in the north Midlands (Dr. Henry Bradley). See <span class='bold'><a href='#waft2'>waft</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='waft1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waft,</span></span> a passing smell or taste, a ‘twang’. A Mad World, iv. 3 (near
end); spelt <span class='it'>weft</span>, ‘Ill malting is theft, Wood-dride hath a weft’ (i.e. malt
wood-dried has a tang), Tusser, Husbandry, § 84. See EDD. (s.v. Waft,
sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='waft2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waft,</span></span> to wave; ‘Wafts her hand’, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1
(Admetus); vol. v, p. 100; to convey by water, King John, ii. 1. 73;
2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 116; to invite by a motion of the hand, ‘Whom Fortune
with her ivory hand wafts to her’, Timon, i. 1. 70; Hamlet, i. 4. 78; to
turn quickly, ‘Wafting his eyes to the contrary’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 372; to
float, ‘Satan .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. now with ease wafts on the calmer wave’, Milton, P. L.
ii. 1042.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waftage,</span></span> passage by water, Tr. and Cr. iii. 2. 11.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wafture,</span></span> the act of waving; ‘With an angry wafture of your hand’,
Jul. Caes. ii. 1. 246. See <span class='bold'><a href='#waft2'>waft</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wage,</span></span> to stake as a wager; ‘The King hath waged with him six Barbary
horses’, Hamlet, v. 2. 154; King Lear, i. 1. 158; to reward with
wages, Coriolanus, v. 6. 40; to barter, exchange, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 18;
to be opposed in combat, to contend, to strive, ‘To wage against the
enmity o’ the air’, King Lear, ii. 4. 212; Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Valerius);
iii. 2 (Mar. Claudius).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wag-halter.</span></span> Once a common term for a rogue or gallows-bird, one
who is likely to make a halter wag or shake; ‘A wag-halter page’, Ford,
The Fancies, i. 2; ‘<span class='it'>Baboin</span>, a trifling, busie or crafty knave; a crack rope,
wag-halter, unhappy rogue, wretchless villain’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wagmoire,</span></span> a quagmire. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130. ‘Wagmire’
was once in prov. use in Glouc. and Devon (EDD.). From <span class='it'>wag</span>, to shake,
see EDD. (s.v. Wag, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wagpastie,</span></span> a term of contempt; a rogue; ‘A little wagpastie, A deceiver
of folkes’, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wagtail,</span></span> a contemptuous term for a profligate woman. Middleton,
A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre); Shirley, Traitor, ii. 1 (Sciarrha).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='waift'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waift, weft,</span></span> a ‘waif’, a thing cast adrift; used by Spenser of a person,
‘She was flying like a weary weft’, F. Q. v. 3. 27; vi. 1. 18, <span class='it'>wefte</span>, iii. 10.
36; <span class='it'>waift</span>, iv. 12. 31.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wailful,</span></span> doleful. Two Gent. iii. 2. 69.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waistcoat,</span></span> a body-dress for a woman, like a man’s waistcoat; sometimes
very costly. When worn without an upper dress, it was considered
the mark of a profligate woman. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. ii. 3
(Leucippe); Woman’s Prize, i. 4 (Livia); Loyal Subject, ii. 4 (Young
Archas). Hence <span class='it'>waistcoateer</span>, a strumpet, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut.
i. 1 (2 Usher); Wit without Money, iv. 4 (Luce).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wake,</span></span> the feast of the dedication of a church, originally the vigil
before the festival; the merry-making in connexion therewith; ‘He
haunts wakes, fairs’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 109; ‘At wakes and wassails’,
L. L. L. v. 2. 318; <span class='it'>wake-day</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 90. 5. ‘Wake’ is in
prov. use in various parts of England for an annual festival and holiday,
often connected with the dedication of the parish church; the fair held
at such times was also so called, see EDD. (s.v. Wake, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8). OE. <span class='it'>wacu</span>,
a watch, a vigil; cp. <span class='it'>wacana</span> (‘vigilias’) in Luke ii. 8 (Lind.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waker,</span></span> wakeful. Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover confesseth him (ed. Bell, p. 66);
Golding, Metam. xi. 599; fol. 139, bk. (1603). OE. <span class='it'>wacor</span>, wakeful, vigilant.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wale:</span></span> <span class='it'>the wale of cloth</span>, the ridge or rib in cloth denoting its quality;
‘Thou’rt rougher far, and of a coarser wale’, Beaumont and Fl., Four
Plays in One: Triumph of Honour, sc. i (Sophocles); Middleton, Mich.
Term, ii. 3 (Easy). ME. <span class='it'>wale</span>, a stripe (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>walu</span>, a weal,
mark of a blow (Napier, Glosses).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wales,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span> springs of water; ‘To cloudes alofte the wales and waters
rise’, Mirror for Mag., Domitius Nero, st. 11; Golding, Metam. ii. 11.
Probably the same word as <span class='it'>wall</span>, in prov. use for a spring of water in
Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Wall, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>walk the round,</span></span> to be one of the watchmen. Massinger, Guardian,
iii. 5 (Severino); to act as a watchman, go the round; B. Jonson, Alchem.
iii. 2 (Face).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>walking mort,</span></span> a grown-up unmarried whore; often a pretended
widow (Cant). Described in Harman’s Caveat, p. 67 (Aydelotte, p. 27);
cp. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wallope,</span></span> to gallop. Morte Arthur, leaf 90. 33; bk. v, c. 11. In prov.
use in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>walloppyn</span>, as an hors
(Prompt. EETS. 538), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>waloper</span>, to gallop (see Bartsch, 544. 26);
<span class='it'>galoper</span> (Rough List).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>walm,</span></span> a surge, bubbling up of water. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 87.
A north-country word for ‘a bubbling’ (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>wælm</span>, surging water
(Beowulf).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>walter,</span></span> to ‘welter’, roll. Peele, Sir Clyomon, l. 1. Hence <span class='it'>waltering</span>,
a lolling (as snakes’ tongues), Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 267 (211 of
Latin text); rolling, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 498 (Latin text). In prov.
use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England and E. Anglia. ME.
<span class='it'>walteryn</span> (Prompt. EETS. 514).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waltsome,</span></span> disgusting, heinous; ‘O waltsome murder’, Mirror for
Mag., Hastings, st. 30. Probably an intended improvement of ME. <span class='it'>wlatsom</span>,
in an imitation of Chaucer: ‘Mordre is so wlatsom and abhominable’
(C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4243). OE. <span class='it'>wlætta</span>, disgust, nausea (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wamble,</span></span> to rumble, to roll, to stir uneasily; used of food in the
stomach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool); Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2;
‘<span class='it'>Allecter</span>, to wamble as a queasie stomach doth’, Cotgrave. In prov. use
in Scotland and in various parts of England north and south, see EDD.
(s.v. 1). ME. <span class='it'>wamelyn</span> in the stomak, ‘nausio’ (Prompt. EETS. 538).
Cp. Dan. <span class='it'>vamle</span>, to become squeamish, <span class='it'>vammel</span>, nauseous (Larsen).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wamentation,</span></span> lamentation. Fair Em. i. 2. 73. See <span class='bold'><a href='#wayment'>wayment</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wan,</span></span> a winnowing-fan. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. 163, 164;
explained as ‘a corn-cleanse <span class='it'>fan</span>’, id., xxiii. 416. L. <span class='it'>vannus</span>, a winnowing-fan.
See Dict. (s.v. Fan).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wanhope,</span></span> loss of hope, dejection, despair; ‘Wanhope, poor soule on
broken anchor sits Wringing his armes, as robbed of his wits’, Glaucus
(Nares). Still heard in Lancashire (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>wanhope</span>, despair (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1249). Cp. Du. ‘<span class='it'>wanhope</span>, dispaire’ (Hexham).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waniand:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in the waniand</span>, in the waning (moon), i.e. at an
unlucky time; ‘He would .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. make them wed in the waniand’, Sir T.
More, Wks., p. 306 h. ME. <span class='it'>in the waniand</span> (Minot, ed. T. Wright, i. 87);
‘In woo to wonne in the wanyand’ (York Plays, p. 124). OE. <span class='it'>on wanigendum
mōnan</span> (Leechdoms, i. 320); <span class='it'>wanian</span>, to lessen, to wane. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wanion:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>with a wanion</span>, with a vengeance, with ill-luck. Pericles,
ii. 1. 17; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); B. Jonson,
Staple of News, iii. 5; Eastward Ho (Nares). In prov. use in Scotland
and Ireland. See above.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>want,</span></span> to be without, to lack. King John, iv. 1. 99; Coriolanus, i. 3. 90.
Very common in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England; ‘We
wanted the plague in Scotland, when they had it in England’ (Scoticisms,
105), see EDD. (s.v. Want, vb. 8).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>want,</span></span> absence of a person; ‘<span class='it'>His present want</span>’ (= the present want of
him, i.e. his being absent at present), 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 44; Shirley,
Witty Fair One, i. 1. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wanty,</span></span> a horse’s belly-band; a girth used for securing a load on
a pack-horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. Still in prov. use in various
parts of England from Yorks. to the Isle of Wight (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>wamb</span>
belly + <span class='it'>tīge</span>, a band.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wanze away,</span></span> to wane, vanish, disappear; ‘And all the things that
liked him did wanze away’, Golding, Metam. iii. 501; fol. 38, back (1603);
‘Which wanz’d away againe’ (L. <span class='it'>evanuit</span>), id., vi. 47. ‘Wanze’ is an
E. Anglian word used in the sense of wasting away. ME. <span class='it'>wanson</span>, ‘or
wanyn as the mone, <span class='it'>decresco</span>’ (Prompt.); OE. <span class='it'>wansian</span>, to lessen.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wappe,</span></span> to lap, used of the sound of water against the rocks, Morte
Arthur, leaf 425. 5; bk. xxi, c. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wappened,</span></span> over-worn (so Schmidt). Timon, iv. 3. 38. Probably
a misprint for <span class='it'>wappered</span>. ‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word for tired, fatigued
(EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#unwappered'>unwappered</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wapper-eyed,</span></span> having quick restless eyes, sore-eyed, blear-eyed.
Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. 528. Still in use in Devon and
Somerset (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>war;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#warre'>warre</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ward,</span></span> a ‘side’, or compartment of the Counter, or prison. There
were two Counters, one in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street. The
Counter had three ‘wards’ or ‘sides’, the Master’s side, the Two-penny
Ward, and the Hole; and it was not uncommon for the debtors, as their
means decreased, to descend gradually from the first to the last. B. Jonson,
Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); v. 7 (Macilente).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ward,</span></span> garrison, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 15; the guard at the gate of
a castle, id., iii. 11. 21; custody, prison, ‘To commit one to ward or
prison, In custodiam tradere’, Baret, Alvearie; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xl. 3; 2 Hen. VI,
v. 1. 112; the guard in a prison, Acts xii. 10 (AV. and Wyclif).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ward,</span></span> a guard made in fencing, a posture of defence. Temp. i. 2. 471;
1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='warden'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warden,</span></span> a large coarse pear used for baking, Bacon, Essay 46; Wint.
Tale, iv. 3. 48; by pop. etym. a keeping pear; ‘<span class='it'>Poire de garde</span>, a warden
or winter-pear, a pair which may be kept very long’, Cotgrave; Beaumont
and Fl., Cupid’s Revenge, ii. 3 (Dorialus); spelt <span class='it'>wardon</span>, Palsgrave. ME.
<span class='it'>wardon</span>(<span class='it'>e</span> (Prompt. and Cath. Angl.). So named from <span class='it'>Wardon</span> (now <span class='it'>Warden</span>)
in Beds. The arms of Wardon Abbey were argent, three warden-pears,
or. See Dict. (s.v. Wardon).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warder,</span></span> a staff or truncheon carried by one who presided at a tournament
or combat. Richard II, i. 3. 118 (when the ‘warder’ was thrown
down, the fight was stopped). ‘They fight; Robert and the Palatine
<span class='it'>cast their warders</span> between them and part them’, Heywood, Four Prentises
(stage-direction); vol. ii, p. 204.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ware,</span></span> to spend money. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 122; Heywood,
1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43. Very common in the north country; in
Yorks. (N. Riding) they say, ‘He wares nowt, for he addles nowt’,
see EDD. (sv. Ware, vb.<sup>1</sup> 9). ME. <span class='it'>waryn</span> in chaffare ‘mercor’, (Prompt.
EETS. 539, see note, no. 2636). Icel. <span class='it'>verja</span>, to clothe, to invest money, to
spend.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ware,</span></span> to bid any one beware; ‘I’ll ware them to mel’ (i.e. I’ll teach
them to beware of meddling), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Parnell);
vol. iv, p. 234.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wareless,</span></span> unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 22; unwary, heedless, id.,
v. 5. 17.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warison,</span></span> gift, recompense. Morte Arthur, leaf 186, back, 35; bk. ix,
ch. 22. ME. <span class='it'>warisoun</span>, requital (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1537); <span class='it'>warysone</span>
(Prompt. EETS. 516). Norm. F. <span class='it'>guarison</span> (<span class='it'>garison</span>), ‘vivres, moyens de
subsistance’ (Moisy, 500).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warke,</span></span> work. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 145; F. Q. ii. 1. 32. A north-country
pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Work).</p>

<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warling</span></span> (?), in the proverb, ‘Better be an old man’s darling, than
a young man’s warling’, Barry, Ram. Alley, ii (Adriana); Heywood’s
Proverbs (ed. Farmer, pp. 80, 130). [In Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 45),
‘snarling’ is the word used instead of ‘warling’.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warp.</span></span> ‘A pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind’
(i.e. working themselves forward—the metaphor is of a ship), Milton,
P. L. i. 341. In Scotland used of the flight of a swarm of bees, see EDD.
(s.v. Warp, vb.<sup>1</sup> 9).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warray,</span></span> to harass with war, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 48; Fairfax, Tasso, i. 6.
ME. <span class='it'>warray</span>, to make war (Barbour’s Bruce, see Glossary); <span class='it'>werray</span> (Wars
Alex. 2495); <span class='it'>werreyen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1544). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>werreier</span>, to make war
(F. <span class='it'>guerroyer</span>). See Dict. (s.v. War).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='warre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warre:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>warre old</span>; ‘But when the world woxe old, it woxe
warre old (whereof it hight)’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 31. The meaning is
that when the world grew old, it grew <span class='it'>worse</span>, and that from <span class='it'>warre old</span> or
<span class='it'>war-old</span>, the word ‘world’ is derived; cp. Shep. Kal., Sept., 108, ‘They
sayne the world is much <span class='it'>war</span> then it wont’. The word ‘warre’ (or ‘war’)
is in prov. use in the north country and in Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. War,
adj.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>werre</span>, worse (Ormulum, 4898). Icel. <span class='it'>verr</span>, adv., <span class='it'>verri</span>, adj., worse.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warrie,</span></span> gnarled, knotted. Golding, Metam. viii. 743 (fol. 104; 1603);
also <span class='it'>warryed</span>, id., xiii. 799. OE. <span class='it'>wearrig</span>, having callosities, deriv. of <span class='it'>wearr</span>,
a callosity (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wary,</span></span> to curse. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2266. See EDD. (s.v. Wary,
vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>warien</span>, to curse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1619), OE. <span class='it'>wergian</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waryish;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#werish'>werish</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>washical,</span></span> ‘what shall I call’; a name for a thing that one does not
take the trouble to mention. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Hodge).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wasp,</span></span> used metaph. for a petulant or spiteful person. Tam. Shrew, ii.
1. 210; Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, iv. 3 (1 Swordsman). So
used in Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wassail,</span></span> a drinking-bout, a carouse; ‘At wakes and wassails’, L. L. L.
v. 2. 318; Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘A wassail candle’, 2 Hen. IV,
i. 2. 179 (a large candle lighted up at a feast). The word ‘wassail’,
well known in Yorks. in connexion with old Christmas ceremonies and
festivities; for ample details, see EDD. It was originally a phrase used
at a banquet. In Laȝamon, Rowena presents a cup to Vortigern with
the words <span class='it'>wæs hail</span> (<span class='it'>wassail</span>), a salutation, meaning ‘be hale, be in good
health’. O. Sax. <span class='it'>wes hēl</span>, be hale: so in the salutation of the Virgin, <span class='it'>hēl
wis thu</span> = Ave! (Vulgate, Luke i. 28); so also in Anglo-Saxon Gospels, <span class='it'>hāl
wes ðu!</span> See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waster,</span></span> a cudgel; ‘The youthes of this citie have used on holy dayes
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. to exercise their wasters and bucklers’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms,
p. 36); Mad Men of Gotham, 19 (Nares); <span class='it'>to play at wasters</span>, Beaumont and
Fl., Philaster, iv. 3 (Countryman); Burton, Anat. Mel. (Naros); <span class='it'>to win at
wasters</span>, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 3 (Candido); ‘<span class='it'>Bastone</span>, any kind
of cudgel, waster, or club’, Florio.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Wat,</span></span> a name for a hare. Venus and Ad. 697; Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 331;
Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use (EDD.). Properly a pet-name for
<span class='it'>Walter</span> (<span class='it'>Water</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>watch,</span></span> a time-piece, clock. Richard II, v. 5. 52. Probably, a candle
marked out into sections, each of which was a certain portion of time in
burning, Richard III, v. 3. 63.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>watchet,</span></span> pale blue. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 40; Marston, Malcontent,
iii. 1 (Bilioso); Drayton, Pol. v. 13. ME. <span class='it'>wachet</span>, light blue colour
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3321). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Water,</span></span> a pronunciation of the Christian name Walter, see 2 Hen. VI,
iv. 1. 35. ME. <span class='it'>Wateere</span> or <span class='it'>Water</span>, ‘propyr name of a man, <span class='it'>Walterus</span>’ (Prompt.
EETS. 517, see note, no. 2530). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>Gualtier</span> (Ch. Rol. 2039), Norm. F.
<span class='it'>Waltier</span>. Of Teutonic origin, cp. OE. <span class='it'>Wealdhere</span> (power + army), see Oldest
Eng. Texts, 537.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>water, to lay in;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#lay5'>lay</a></span> (5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>water-gall,</span></span> a second rainbow seen above the first; a fragment of
a rainbow appearing on the horizon; Lucrece, 1588. A Hampshire word,
see EDD. (s.v. Water, 1 (50)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>water-rug,</span></span> a rough kind of water-dog (?). Macbeth, iii. 1. 94.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>water-work,</span></span> painting executed in water-colour; ‘The German hunting
in water-work’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 158.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wawes,</span></span> waves. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 4. ME. <span class='it'>wawe</span>, a wave (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 508); ‘a <span class='it'>wawe</span> of the see’ (Wyclif, James i. 6). Icel. <span class='it'>vāgr</span>, a wave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wax:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>a man of wax</span>, Romeo, i. 3. 76 (as pretty as if he had been
modelled in wax); so, <span class='it'>a prince of wax</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, i. 1
(Megra). Cp. ‘a lad of wax’, ‘a man of wax’, in prov. use in Durham
and west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Wax, sb.<sup>2</sup> 4), where the expressions are
associated with the vb. <span class='it'>wax</span> (to grow).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waxen,</span></span> <span class='it'>pr. pl.</span>, they increase. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 56. The ME.
pres. pl. in the Midland dialect. For the geographical area of the pres.
pl. in <span class='it'>n</span>, <span class='it'>sn</span>, see Wright’s English Dialect Grammar, § 435.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>way,</span></span> to go on one’s way, to journey; ‘As they together wayd’,
Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 12.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>way,</span></span> to ‘weigh’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 46; ‘Full many things so doubtfull
to be wayd’, id., iv. 1. 7; to esteem, ‘All that she so deare did way’,
id., vii. 6. 55.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wayment'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wayment,</span></span> to lament. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 16. ME. <span class='it'>waymenten</span>
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 230). Norm. F. <span class='it'>guaimenter</span>, <span class='it'>waimenter</span>: ‘Les virgines d’els
ne guaimenterent’ (Ps. lxxvii. 69, ed. Michel, 111); see Moisy.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wealth,</span></span> welfare, prosperity. Merch. Ven. v. 1. 249; Hamlet, iv. 4.
27; ‘The thinges that shuld have bene for their welth’ (AV. welfare),
Ps. lxix. 23 (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1539); ‘wealth, peace and godliness’, Prayer Book
(Collect for King). ME. <span class='it'>welthe</span>, prosperity, well-being (Gower, C. A. ii.
1207).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weanell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#wennel'>wennel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wear,</span></span> the fashion, that which is worn; ‘It is not the wear’, Meas. for
M. iii. 2. 78.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wearish;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#werish'>werish</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weather:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>To make fair weather</span>, to conciliate another with fair
words, Much Ado, i. 3. 25; 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. 30. Cp. the proverb, ‘Two
women placed together make foul weather’, Hen. VIII, i. 4. 22.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weather-fend,</span></span> to ‘defend’ from the weather. Tempest, v. 1. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weave,</span></span> to float backwards and forwards; ‘Amidst the billowes beating
of her, Twixt life and death long to and fro she weaved’, Spenser, F. Q. v.
4. 10. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weaver,</span></span> a fish, having sharp spines; the <span class='it'>Trachinus draco</span>, or <span class='it'>T. vipera</span>.
Drayton, Pol. xxv. 167. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>wivere</span>, a serpent (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr.
iii. 1010); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>wivre</span>, a serpent, viper; esp. in blazon; L. <span class='it'>vipera</span>, a
viper; see Dict. (s.v. Wyvern).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>web and pin,</span></span> a disorder of the eyesight. King Lear, iii. 4. 122; <span class='it'>pin
and web</span>, i. 2. 291. From <span class='it'>web</span>, a film; and <span class='it'>pin</span>, a small spot. In E. Anglia
‘web’ is used for a film over the eye, see EDD. (s.v. Web, 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weel,</span></span> a wicker trap or basket used for catching eels, &amp;c. Heywood,
Anna and Phillis, vol. vi, p. 309; Tusser, Husbandry, § 36, st. 31. In
gen. prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weeld,</span></span> the ‘weald’ of Kent; ‘I was born and lerned myn englissh in
Kente in the weeld’, Caxton, Historyes of Troye, preface. See Dict.
(s.v. Weald).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ween'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ween,</span></span> to suppose, think; <span class='it'>wend</span>, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 11. ME.
<span class='it'>wenen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1655); OE. <span class='it'>wēnan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Weeping Cross.</span></span> Nares notes that there were at least three crosses so
named, near Oxford, Stafford, and Shrewsbury respectively. <span class='it'>To come
home</span> (or <span class='it'>return</span>) <span class='it'>by Weeping Cross</span>, to repent of an undertaking, Lyly,
Euphues, p. 243.</p>

<div class='literal-container' style=''><div class='literal'> <!-- rend=';' -->
<p class='line'>‘He that goes out with often losse,</p>
<p class='line'>At last comes home by Weeping Crosse,’</p>
</div></div> <!-- end rend -->

<p class='noindent'>Howell, Eng. Prov.; Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 22).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weerish;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#werish'>werish</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='weesel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weesel,</span></span> weasand, windpipe. Peele, David, ed. Dyce. p. 465, col. 2.
Spelt <span class='it'>wizzel</span>, Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). Cp. Bavarian dial.
<span class='it'>waisel</span>, the gullet of animals that chew the cud (Schmeller).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wee’st heart,</span></span> woe is the heart (of me)! Congreve, Love for Love,
ii. 1 (Nurse). ‘Wae’s t’ heart,’ ‘Wae’s heart of me,’ are Yorks. exclamations;
‘Wae’s my heart’ is of frequent occurrence in Scottish poetry, see
EDD. (s.v. Woe, 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weet,</span></span> wet; ‘Till all the world is weet’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33. This
is a common pronunc. of ‘wet’ in the north country and E. Anglia
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>weet</span>, wet (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4107). OE. <span class='it'>wǣt</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weet,</span></span> to know, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 6. Fairfax, Tasso, v. 86. This is
a northern pronunc. of ‘wit’ (to know), see EDD. (s.v. Wit, vb.). ME.
<span class='it'>wetyn</span>, to know (Prompt. EETS. 545).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weft,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#waft1'>waft</a></span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#waift'>waift</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wefte,</span></span> abandoned, avoided, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 36.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='weird'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weird:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>the weird sisters</span>, used of the three witches, as foretelling
destiny, Macbeth, iv. 1. 136. The expression is taken from Holinshed’s
Chronicle of Scotland; it was used by Gawin Douglas (Virgil, 80, 48) for
the Parcae or Fates; ‘<span class='it'>Cloto, una de tribus parcis quae finguntur regere vitam
hominis, anglice</span>, one of the thre Weyrde systers’, Pynson’s Ortus Vocabulorum
(ed. 1509). See Grimm, Teut. Myth. 407. See <span class='bold'><a href='#werd'>werd</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weld,</span></span> to wield, govern. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 32; vi. 8. 11; Shep.
Kal., Oct., 40; to wield, to carry, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 4. 35; <span class='it'>to weld
oneself</span>, to erect oneself, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 699 (L. <span class='it'>se tollit</span>). ME. <span class='it'>welden</span>,
to wield, to control (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 271), to move with ease (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1947).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>welk,</span></span> to fade, to grow dim (of the sun in the west). Spenser, F. Q. i.
1. 23; to cause to grow dim, ‘But nowe sadde Winter welked hath the
day’, Shep. Kal., Nov., 13. Cp. prov. use of ‘welk’ in the sense of to fade,
to wither (used of plants, see EDD., s.v. Welk, vb<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>welke</span>, to wither
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 277). Cp. G. <span class='it'>welken</span>, to wither.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>welked,</span></span> withered, faded; ‘Her wealked face with woful teares besprent’,
Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 12. ME. <span class='it'>welked</span>, withered
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 277).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>welked,</span></span> curved, twisted, applied to horns; ‘Welked horns’, Golding’s
Ovid, occurring three times, pp. 60, 107, and 122 (ed. 1603); ‘Hornes
welkt and waved like the enraged Sea’, King Lear, iv. 6. 71; ‘And setting
fire upon the welked shrouds’ (i.e. the curved clouds), Drayton, Barons’
Wars, vi. 39 (Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>welkin,</span></span> the sky; ‘Look on me with your welkin eye’ (i.e. heavenly or
sky-blue eye), Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 136. ME. <span class='it'>welken</span>, the sky (Chaucer, Hous F.
iii. 1601). OE. <span class='it'>wolcen</span>, a cloud, also <span class='it'>wolcnan</span>, clouds. Cp. G. <span class='it'>wolke</span>, a cloud.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>well-a-near,</span></span> alas!, alack-a-day!;</p>

<div class='literal-container' style=''><div class='literal'> <!-- rend=';' -->
<p class='line'>‘The poor lady shrieks, and well-a-near,</p>
<p class='line'>Does fall in travail with her fear,’</p>
</div></div> <!-- end rend -->

<p class='noindent'>Pericles, iii, Prol. 51; Look about You, sc. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 397.
An obsolete north-country exclamation—written <span class='it'>well-aneer</span> and <span class='it'>well-an-ere</span>
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>well-liking,</span></span> in good condition, plump, L. L. L. v. 2. 268; ‘They .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
shalbe fatt and well lykenge’, Ps. xcii. 13 (Great Bible, 1539).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>well said!,</span></span> really meaning ‘well done!’, Westward Ho, ii. 2 (Birdlime).
Common.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Welshman’s hose.</span></span> Nares takes this to mean ‘no hose at all’, as
denoting something non-existent or wholly indefinite; but perhaps the
Welshman of the phrase was accused of wearing his ‘hose’ hind part
before; ‘The lawes wee did interprete and statutes of the land, Not
truely by the texte, but newly by a glose: And wordes that were most
playne, when they by us were skand, Wee tourned by construction to
a Welshman’s hose’, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wend;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ween'>ween</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wennel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wennel,</span></span> a weaned animal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20, 28; ‘A lamb or
a kid or a weanell wast’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 198 (<span class='it'>weanell wast</span>
prob. means ‘a stray weanling’). ‘Wennel’ is an E. Anglian word for
a weaned calf (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>went,</span></span> a path, a way; ‘Tract of living went’ (i.e. trace of living way,
of any way which living men use), Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; v. 4. 46;
v. 6. 3. ‘Went’ in many applications is in prov. use in many parts of
Great Britain; see EDD. ME. <span class='it'>wente</span>, a way, passage (Chaucer, Tr. and
Cr. iii. 787).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='werd'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>werd,</span></span> fate, destiny; ‘The wofull werd’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag.,
Induction, st. 63. In prov. use in this sense in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v.
Weird, 1). ME. <span class='it'>werd</span>, fate, destiny (Wars Alex. 3247); <span class='it'>werdis</span>, destinies
(Barbour’s Bruce, ii. 329). OE. <span class='it'>wyrd</span>, fate, destiny; <span class='it'>Wyrde</span>, the Fates.
Parcae, The Weird Sisters (B. T.). Icel. <span class='it'>Urðr</span> (in poetry), one of the
Norns, see Grimm, Teut. Myth, 405. See <span class='bold'><a href='#weird'>weird</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='werish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>werish,</span></span> tasteless, insipid; ‘Dawcockes, lowtes, cockescombes and
blockhedded fooles were .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. said <span class='it'>betizare</span> to be as werishe and as unsavery
as beetes’, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 85; ‘Werysshe as meate is that
is nat well tastye, <span class='it'>mal savouré</span>’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>wearish</span>, weak, delicate, puny,
sickly-looking, ‘A wretched wearish elfe’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 34;
<span class='it'>weerish</span>, Drayton, Pol. xxix. 62; <span class='it'>waryish</span>, Golding, Metam. ii. 776. See Nares
(s.v. Wearish). In prov. use, in many forms, in various parts of Great
Britain, see EDD. (s.v. Wairsh).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>werwolf,</span></span> a man changed into a wolf by enchantment; ‘She made
hym seuen yere a werwolf’, Morte Arthur, leaf 397, 17; bk. xix, c. 11;
<span class='it'>warwolf</span>, Drayton, Man in the Moon, 13. ME. <span class='it'>werwolf</span> (Will. of Palerne, 80),
MHG. <span class='it'>werwolf</span>, a man-wolf; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>gerulphus</span> (Ducange), OF. <span class='it'>garou</span>, cp.
F. <span class='it'>loup-garou</span> (Hatzfeld). See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wetewold'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wetewold,</span></span> a ‘wittol’, a contented cuckold. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell,
187; Assembly of Gods, 710 (see Notes by Dyce, on Skelton, ii. 305). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#wittol'>wittol</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wet finger:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>with a wet finger</span>, easily, readily. Beaumont and Fl.,
Cupid’s Revenge, iv. 3 (Citizen); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 5; id.,
Gul’s Hornbook; Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 95; see Word-List).
It prob. means as easy as turning over the leaf of a book, or rubbing out
writing on a slate with a wet finger, or tracing a lady’s name on the table
with spilt wine (Farmer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wethering,</span></span> weathering, seasoning due to exposure to weather.
Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers (ed. Arber, p. 24). In prov. use in
Norfolk, see EDD. (s.v. Weather, vb. 8).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wexing,</span></span> waxing (as the moon). Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 4. ME.
<span class='it'>wexe</span>, to grow (Wyclif, Matt. xiii. 30).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wharrow,</span></span> a little instrument fixed on a spindle for the string of the
‘turn’ to run in; a small pulley on a spindle. Skelton, El. Rummyng,
298. See passage from Guillim’s Display of Heraldry (ed. 1724, p. 300),
quoted in EDD. (s.v.). Cognate with OE. <span class='it'>hweorfa</span>, the ‘whorl’ which
helps to turn the spindle (B. T.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>what,</span></span> whatsoever thing; ‘Such homely what as serves the simple
clowne’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 7; ‘Come downe and learne the little what
that Thomalin can sayne’, Shep. Kal., July, 31.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whelk,</span></span> a pimple, blotch. Hen. V, iii. 6. 108. A Derbyshire word,
see EDD. (s.v. Whelk, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>whelke</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 632).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>when,</span></span> (?) an exclamation of impatience. Short for ‘<span class='it'>when</span> will you do
what is bidden you?’, Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); iv. 2
(Bosola). Common.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whe’r,</span></span> whether. Often spelt <span class='it'>where</span>. Tempest, v. 1. 111; King John,
i. 1. 75.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>where,</span></span> whereas; wherever; whence. L. L. L. ii. 1. 103; Mids. Night’s D.
v. 1. 93; Hen. V, iii. 5. 15.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whereas,</span></span> where that, where. 2 Hen. VI, i. 2. 58; Pericles, i. 4. 70.
Not uncommon.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>where-some-ere,</span></span> wheresoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 2. G. <span class='it'>Wheresomever</span>
is heard in Lanc. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wherrit'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wherrit, whirrit,</span></span> a blow, a thump, a smart box on the ear. Fletcher,
Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet); ‘A whirret on the eare’, Kendall, Flowers of
Epigrammes’ (Nares). Still in prov. use in the north (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wherry;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whirry'>whirry</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whether,</span></span> which of the two. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 352,
‘Whether of them twayne’, Tyndale, Matt. xxi. 31.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whether whether were,</span></span> which was which. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 10.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whether,</span></span> whither. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 35.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whew,</span></span> to whirl, to hurry; ‘I whew it away’, Buckingham, The
Rehearsal, ii. 4. 7. So in the Lake country, ‘He whew’d his clog throo
t’window’, see EDD. (s.v. Whew, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiblin,</span></span> a trick, device. Marston, Insatiate Countess, ii. 2 (Rogero).
Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#quiblin'>quiblin</a>.</span> Cp. the obsolete Dorset word ‘whibble’, to lie (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='whiblin2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiblin,</span></span> an impotent creature; a term of contempt. Dekker, Honest
Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#whimling'>whimling</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whids,</span></span> words; <span class='it'>to cut bene whids</span>, to speak good words (Cant). Fletcher,
Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). [<span class='it'>A rousing whid</span>, a great lie, Burns, Death
and Dr. Hornbook, st. 1.] The Slang Dict. (1874) says that <span class='it'>whid</span> for
a ‘word’ or a ‘falsehood’ is modern slang from the ancient cant.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiff,</span></span> a special way of taking tobacco; ‘Capers, healths, and whiffs’,
Marston, What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure); <span class='it'>taking the whiff</span>, B. Jonson,
Every Man out of Humour, Character of Shift (prefixed to the play).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiffler,</span></span> an officer who clears the way for a procession. Henry V, v,
chorus, 12; Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 523. ‘Whifflers’ (fifers)
usually went first in a procession; the term was then applied to those
who went forward (without any musical instrument) to clear the way for
the procession of a sovereign or of a city corporation. See Nares; and
EDD. (s.v. Whiffle, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (2)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiffler,</span></span> a puffer of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1
(Chough).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whig,</span></span> whey, sour milk, buttermilk. Greene, Description of the
Shepherd, l. 29; ed. Dyce, p. 304. Cp. the Linc. expression, ‘As sour as
whig’ (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='whigh-hie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whigh-hie, wi-hee,</span></span> a sound imitative of the neighing of a horse.
B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Sogliardo); Fletcher, Women
Pleased, iv. 1 (Bomby). Hence, <span class='it'>wyhee</span>, v., to neigh; Marston, The Fawn,
iv. 1 (Dondolo).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>while,</span></span> until. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.). Macbeth, iii. 1.
44; Richard II, i. 3. 122; see Schmidt. Very common in the north, also
in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. While, 6).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiles,</span></span> until; ‘Whyles tomorowe’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 83;
Twelfth Nt. iv. 3. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Whiles, 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='whimling'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whimling</span></span> (a term of contempt), a poor creature. Beaumont and Fl.,
Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Mother). Probably the same word as ‘wimbling’, also
written ‘whimbling’, used in the Midlands of plants that are long, thin,
and of feeble growth, see EDD. See <span class='bold'><a href='#whiblin2'>whiblin</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whimp,</span></span> to whimper; ‘Wil whympe and whine’, Latimer, Sermons
(ed. Arber, p. 77). Cp. the prov. words ‘wimp’ and ‘whimper’ in EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip,</span></span> to move quickly. Sackville, Induction, st. 5; Much Ado, i. 3.
63; <span class='it'>to whip out</span>, to draw out quickly, ‘He whips his rapier out’, Hamlet,
iv. 1. 10. See EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip-cat,</span></span> drunken; ‘<span class='it'>Whip-cat</span> bowling’, drunken emptying of bowls,
Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 367. See Halliwell. In Worc. a ‘whip-cat’
means a farmer’s feast after bean-setting, see EDD. (s.v. Whip, 1 (4));
‘To whip the cat’, to get tipsy (Halliwell).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip-her-ginney,</span></span> the name of a game of cards. Mentioned in
Taylor’s Works (Nares). Spelt <span class='it'>whip-her-jenny</span>, ‘a game at cards, borrowed
from the Welsh’, Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip-her-jenny,</span></span> a term of contempt, Two Angry Women, iv. 3
(Coomes); Halliwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip-jack,</span></span> a sham sailor who begs. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1
(Moll); used as a term of reproach generally, ‘One Boner, a bare whippe
Jacke for lucre of money toke upon him to be thy father’, Bp. Ponet in
Maitland on Reformation, p. 74. [‘Sir Charles Grandison is none of your
gew-gaw whip-jacks that you know not where to have’, Richardson,
Grandison, vi. 156.] See Davies.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whipstock,</span></span> the handle of a whip. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 28; Two Noble
Kinsmen, i. 2. 95. Also, a carter; as a term of abuse, Tomkis, Albumazar,
iv. 4 (end). The equivalent term <span class='it'>whipstalk</span> occurs in the Spanish Tragedy
(Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='whirlbat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whirlbat,</span></span> a ‘cestus’, or weighty boxing-glove. Dryden, Pref. to
Fables, § 3 from end. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, viii. 285; written
<span class='it'>whoorlbat</span>, id., Iliad xxiii, 538. See Davies (s.v. Whirly-bat).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whirlpit,</span></span> a whirlpool. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 223; Sandys,
Paraph. Exod. xv; Marmyon’s Fine Companion; Holland, tr. Ammianus
(Nares).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whirlpool,</span></span> a sea-monster of the whale kind; perhaps the cachalot or
sperm-whale, which is distinguished from other whales by its peculiar
manner of blowing; ‘A whale or a whirlepoole’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Job xli. 1
(marginal rendering of Leviathan); Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 23; ‘<span class='it'>Tinet</span>, the
Whall tearmed a Horlepoole or Whirlepoole’, Cotgrave; Holland’s Pliny,
bk. ix, ch. 3; spelt <span class='it'>wherlpoole</span>, Drayton, Pol. xx. 100; <span class='it'>wherpoole</span>, id., xxv. 174.
See Wright, Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='whirry'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whirry,</span></span> to whirl along, to whirl away, to hurry off, Stanyhurst, tr.
Aeneid, iii. 611; <span class='it'>wherry</span>, Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Agripyne); <span class='it'>whurry</span>,
Taylor’s Works (Nares); <span class='it'>whorry</span>, Herrick, To Bacchus, a Canticle. See
EDD. (s.v. Whirry, vb. 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whisket,</span></span> a pandaress, The London Chanticleers, sc. 2 (Jenniting).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='whiskin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiskin,</span></span> a wanton person, Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 (Secco); a
pandaress, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Steward). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pimp-whiskin'>pimp-whiskin</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='whist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whist,</span></span> to keep silence; ‘They whisted all’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1;
‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; put to silence, ‘So was the
Titanesse put downe and whist’, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 59; as adj., still,
silent, ‘Where all is whist and still’, Marlowe, Hero and L. (Nares);
‘All the companie must be whist’, Holinshed, Desc. of Ireland (ed.
1808, p. 67); ‘The winds with wonder whist’, Milton, Hymn Nat. 64;
<span class='it'>whistly</span>, silently, Arden of Feversham, iii. 3. 9. ME. <span class='it'>whist!</span> (Wyclif,
Judges xviii. 19). See <span class='bold'><a href='#whust'>whust</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whister,</span></span> a blow; <span class='it'>Whisterpoop</span>, a smart blow or smack on the ear or
‘chops’, London Prodigal, ii. 1. 68 [A Linc., Somerset, and Devon word
(EDD.)]; <span class='it'>Whistersnefet</span>, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 72 [Cp. <span class='it'>whistersniff</span>,
a Hampshire word (EDD.)]. See Davies.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white,</span></span> the central circle on an archery butt. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186;
‘<span class='it'>Blanc</span>, the white or mark of a pair of butts; <span class='it'>Toucher au blanc</span>, to strike the
white, to hit the nail on the head’, Cotgrave.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white,</span></span> used in expressions of endearment: <span class='it'>white boy</span>; ‘Such a brave
sparke as you, that is your mother’s white boy’, Two Lancashire Lovers
(Nares); Knight of the Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Ford,
’Tis Pity, i. 3; Yorkshire Tragedy, iv. 120; Two Angry Women, iii. 2
(Mall); ‘I shall be his little rogue and his white villain’, Return from
Parnassus, ii. 6 (end).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whitemeat,</span></span> food made of milk, eggs, bread, and the like. Northward
Ho, i. 2 (Philip); B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. 1
(Fallace); used attrib. and metaph., ‘Your whitemeat spirit’, Beaumont
and Fl., Four Plays in One, Pt. II, sc. 2. 13.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white money,</span></span> silver coin. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2
(Galatea). In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1. 160).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white-pot,</span></span> a dish made of milk, eggs, and sugar, &amp;c., boiled in a pot.
Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre); Butler, Hud. i. 1. 299;
Spectator, No. 109, § 4. ‘Whitpot’ is the name of a favourite dish in
Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1 (64)). See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white powder,</span></span> a white kind of gunpowder. It does not appear to
have existed; but there was a theory that a white gunpowder would explode
without noise. Discussed by Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. ii,
ch. 5, sect. 5. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Laverdine).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiting-mop,</span></span> a young whiting. Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure,
ii. 2; metaph. a fair lass, Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2. So <span class='it'>whiting</span>, Skelton,
El. Rummyng, 223.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiting-time,</span></span> bleaching-time. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 140.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whitleather,</span></span> white leather, leather dressed with alum, and very
tough. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘In thy whitleather hide’, Beaumont
and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whitster,</span></span> a bleacher of linen. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 15; Pepys, Diary,
Aug. 12, 1667; <span class='it'>whitstarre</span>. Palsgrave. ‘Whitster’s Arms’ is still a common
alehouse sign in Lanc. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>whytestare</span>, ‘candidarius’ (Prompt.
EETS. 526, see note, no. 2565). See Bardsley’s Surnames, 328, 329.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whittle,</span></span> a small clasp-knife. Timon, v. 1. 183; Middleton, The
Widow, iii. 2 (Francisco). In gen. prov. use in this sense, see EDD. (s.v.
Whittle, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>thwitel</span>, a knife (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3933), deriv. of
<span class='it'>thwiten</span>, to pare or cut little pieces from a thing; OE. <span class='it'>þwītan</span>, to cut out,
cognate with Icel. <span class='it'>þveit</span>, a piece of land, common in place-names in the
north of England, e.g. Seathwaite, Langthwaite, Postlethwaite.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whittled,</span></span> drunk, intoxicated. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2 (Lucio);
<span class='it'>whitled</span>, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 498, l. 4. See Nares. Given as an
obsolete prov. word in use in the north of England (EDD.). Cp. the slang
term ‘cut’ for tipsy, somewhat drunk, see EDD. (s.v. Cut, ppl. adj.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whome,</span></span> home; ‘He wil paye whome’, Latimer, pref. to 2 Sermon
bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 48). So pronounced in Wilts. and Shropshire; in
north Devon ‘whum’, see EDD. (s.v. Home).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whoobub,</span></span> hubbub. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 629; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 5.
(or 6) 35; <span class='it'>whobub</span>, Beaumont and Fl., iv. 1 (Soto).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whoop!,</span></span> an exclamation. King Lear, i. 4. 245; Hence, <span class='it'>to whoop</span>,
‘The shepheard whoop’d for joy’, Drayton, Shepherd’s Garland; ‘We
are whoop’d’ (i.e. cried ‘whoop’ upon), Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2
(Franio).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whoorlbat;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whirlbat'>whirlbat</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whorry;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whirry'>whirry</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>who-some-ere,</span></span> whosoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1. 15. So also
<span class='it'>where-some-ere</span>, wheresoever, id., i. 2. 6. A parallel formation to <span class='it'>whosoever</span>,
with the Icel. conj. <span class='it'>sem</span> (Norw. dial., Danish and Swedish <span class='it'>som</span>), as, that,
sec EDD. (s.v. Howsomever).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whot, whott,</span></span> hot. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 58; ii. 5. 18.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whule,</span></span> to cry plaintively, to whine, howl. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey,
xii. 135; Palsgrave, p. 785. A Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Whewl).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whurry;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whirry'>whirry</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='whust'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whust,</span></span> to keep silence; ‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 1;
to leave anything unsaid, ‘The libertie of an hystorie requireth that all
shoulde bee related and nothing whusted’, Holinshed’s Chronicles (Nares);
Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 357. See <span class='bold'><a href='#whist'>whist</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wicker,</span></span> pliant; ‘Bird! how she flutters with her wicker wings!’,
B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Æglamour).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>widow,</span></span> to endow with a widow’s right, to jointure. Meas. for M. v.
6. 153.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>widowhood,</span></span> a widow’s right, a jointure. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 125.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wigher,</span></span> to neigh as a horse. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii.
2 (Dindimus). Cp. G. <span class='it'>wiehern</span>, to neigh.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wight, wyght,</span></span> active. Morte Arthur, leaf 172, back, 30; bk. ix, c. 4;
‘Wyght or stronge, <span class='it'>fort</span>’, Palsgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91. In
prov. use in the north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>wight</span>, active (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 3457). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Wight).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Wild:</span></span> <span class='it'>the Wild of Kent</span>, the Weald of Kent, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 60; ‘I was
borne in the wylde of Kent’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 268). In EDD.
we find that the Weald of Sussex is always spoken of as <span class='it'>The Wild</span> by the
people who live in the Downs, and the inhabitants of the Downs call the
dwellers of ‘The Wild’ <span class='it'>the wild people</span>. ‘The Wild of Surrey’ is described
in Marshall’s Review (1817, v. 355). The same word as the adj. ‘wild’,
see Dict. (s.v. Weald).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wildered,</span></span> bewildered. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 682. In prov.
use in Scotland (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wilding,</span></span> a crab-apple. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Maudlin);
Warner, Albion’s England, iv. 20. Still in prov. use in the Midlands and
in the west country (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>will,</span></span> to desire, signify one’s will to. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Arundel),
ed. Dyce, p. 188; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 50.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>willow,</span></span> worn as an emblem of unhappy love. Much Ado, ii. 1. 194,
225; ‘Wear the willow garland’, 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 100; ‘A green willow
must be my garland’, Othello, iv. 3. 50.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wilsome, wylsome,</span></span> wandering, devious; ‘Wylsome wayes’, Morte
Arthur, leaf 124. 11; bk. vii, c. 22. In Scotland ‘wilsome’ is used in the
sense of bewildered, lonely, dreary, desolate; see EDD. (s.v. Will, adj. 1
(3)). ME. <span class='it'>wylsum</span>: ‘Mony wylsum way he rode’ (Gawayne, 689); <span class='it'>wilsom</span>
(Wars Alex. 4076, 5565). Icel. <span class='it'>villr</span>, bewildered, erring, astray.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wimble,</span></span> quick, lively, active. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91; Marston,
Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Feliche). In prov. use in the north of England
and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Wimble, adj.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>winbrow,</span></span> an eyebrow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 12. Low
G. <span class='it'>winbrāwe</span>, an eyebrow (Lübben); cp. OHG. <span class='it'>wintbrāwa</span>, <span class='it'>wintbrā</span>, <span class='it'>winbrā</span>,
an eyebrow (Schade).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='windlace'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>windlace,</span></span> a winding or circuitous way; ‘By slie driftes and windlaces
aloofe’, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 46; ‘Fetching a windlesse’,
Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 270); <span class='it'>windlasses</span>, pl., Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; spelt
<span class='it'>winlas</span>, Golding, Metam. vii. 784 (= L. <span class='it'>gyrum</span>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>windore,</span></span> a window. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 59; Diogenes,
§ 120; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 369. Still heard in Glouc. (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>window-bars,</span></span> lattice-work, cross-work of narrow bands across a
woman’s bosom. Timon, iv. 3. 116.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wind-sucker,</span></span> a kestrel; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for a covetous person. B. Jonson,
Sil. Woman, i (end). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Wind, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (40)).
See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>winlas;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#windlace'>windlace</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>winter-ground,</span></span> to cover up in the ground so as to protect plants from
the winter; ‘Furr’d moss .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. To winter-ground thy corse’, Cymbeline,
iv. 2. 229.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wirt,</span></span> a smart box on the ear. North, Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 6 (in
Shaks. Plut., p. 112). See <span class='bold'><a href='#wherrit'>wherrit</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wis;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#iwis'>iwis</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wish,</span></span> to commend one to another. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 113; Match at
Midnight, iv. 1 (Sim).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wishly,</span></span> with eager desire; ‘To putte on his spectacles and pore better
and more wishely with his olde eyen on Saynt Johns ghospell’, Sir T. More,
Works, p. 1134 (Richardson); Palsgrave, p. 613.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wisket,</span></span> a small basket; ‘Wysket, <span class='it'>sportula</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. In
prov. use in various parts of England; see EDD.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wistly,</span></span> attentively, observingly; ‘She .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. wistly on him gazed’,
Lucrece, 1355; Venus and Ad. 343; Passionate Pilgrim, 82; Richard II,
v. 4. 7. Perhaps the same word as <span class='it'>whistly</span>, silently, and so, with mute
attention. See <span class='bold'><a href='#whist'>whist</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wit:</span></span> <span class='it'>The five wits</span>, the five faculties of the mind, common sense,
imagination, fancy, estimation, memory, Much Ado, i. 1. 67; Sonnet
cxli, 9. See Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wit,</span></span> to know. Greene, James IV, iv. 2. 3; Pericles, iv. 4. 31; 1 Hen. VI,
ii. 5. 16. ME. <span class='it'>witen</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1324). OE. <span class='it'>witan</span>. See <span class='bold'>wist,
<a href='#wot'>wot</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wite'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wite,</span></span> to blame. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 16; Shep. Kal., Aug., 136;
<span class='it'>wite</span>, blame, F. Q. vi. 3. 16. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in the
north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>witen</span> (<span class='it'>wyten</span>), to blame, reproach
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 825), OE. <span class='it'>wītan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>with, wyth,</span></span> a twisted band of willow; ‘A wyth take him!’ (i.e.
hang him—said of an Irishman), Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iii. 2
(1 Servant); ‘An Irish Rebell condemned, put up a Petition to the
Deputie, that he might be hanged in a With, and not in an Halter, because
it had beene so used with former Rebels’, Bacon, Essay 39. In
prov. use; see EDD. (s.v. With, sb.<sup>1</sup>). See Dict. (s.v. Withy).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>withal</span></span> = with, as placed at the end of the sentence. As You Like It,
iii. 2. 328; used in the sense of likewise, besides, at the same time, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>,
1 Kings xix. 1; Ps. cxli. 10; Acts xxv. 27; ‘Though he be merry, yet
withal he’s honest’, Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 25; Bacon, Essay 58; phr. <span class='it'>to
do withal</span>, ‘They fell sick and died: I could not do withal’ (i.e. I could
not help it), Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72; Northward Ho, iv (Doll); Cure for
a Cuckold, iv. 2 (Urse). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>withdrawing-chamber,</span></span> (the modern) drawing-room. Bacon,
Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 24).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>witness,</span></span> a sponsor in Baptism, a godfather or godmother. B. Jonson,
Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Littlewit); Magn. Lady, iv. 3. 16. So in Devon (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wittol'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wittol,</span></span> a tame cuckold knowing himself to be so. Merry Wives, ii.
1. 3; B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 1 (Mosca); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of
Malta, iii. 2 (Gomere); ‘<span class='it'>Jannin</span>, a wittall, one that knows and bears with
or winks at his wife’s dishonesty’, Cotgrave. Bp. Hall uses the form
<span class='it'>witwal</span>, which may be the older form, ‘Fond wit-wal, that wouldst load
thy witless head With timely horns before thy bridal bed’ (Sat. i. 7. 17).
The word orig. was a name for the green woodpecker, ‘<span class='it'>Godáno</span>, a witwall,
a woodwall’, Florio. The ‘witwall’, like the cuckoo, was the subject of
ribald jests. In Cheshire and Glouc. ‘witwall’ is a name for the woodpecker;
in Suffolk a contented cuckold is called a ‘wittol’; see EDD.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#wetewold'>wetewold</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wizzel,</span></span> weasand, windpipe. The City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). See
<span class='bold'><a href='#weesel'>weesel</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='woe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woe,</span></span> sad, sorrowful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 53; Temp. v. 1. 139;
2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 73. In the north country very common in prov. use,
pronounced <span class='it'>wae</span>: ‘I would be wae for the wife’s sake’, see EDD. (s.v.
Woe, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woman-tired,</span></span> henpecked; ‘Thou art woman-tired, unroosted by thy
dame Partlet here’, Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 74.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wondered,</span></span> gifted with power to perform miracles; ‘So rare a wonder’d
father’, Temp. iv. 1. 123.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wone, won,</span></span> spellings of one; ‘Let no suche a wone prepare unto himself
manye horsses’; Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 32); ‘Att <span class='it'>won</span> houre’,
Tyndale, Rev. xviii. 10 (1526). So also <span class='it'>wons</span>, once; Qu. Elizabeth, tr. of
Boethius, bk. i, met. 3. See Index to Wright’s English Dialect Grammar
(s.v. One).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wonne,</span></span> to dwell. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; iii. 1. 2; <span class='it'>wonned</span>, pt. t. Shep.
Kal., Sept., 181; <span class='it'>woon</span>, pr. t. subj. dwell, may dwell; Virgil’s Gnat, 18.
ME. <span class='it'>wone</span>, to dwell (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1573), OE. <span class='it'>wunian</span>, to dwell.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wonne2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wonne,</span></span> dwelling, habitation. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 20 ME. <span class='it'>wone</span>, a
dwelling (P. Plowman, C. iv. 141).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wood,</span></span> mad, furious with rage or temper. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 192;
1 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 35. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of
England down to Linc. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>wood</span>, mad (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 184).
OE. <span class='it'>wōd</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wood-bind,</span></span> woodbine. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Cornelio); <span class='it'>wood-bind
tree</span>, id., iv. 2 (Felice); Drayton, Pol. xv. 152. ME. <span class='it'>wodebynde</span> (Chaucer,
C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1508). OE. <span class='it'>wudebinde</span> (Voc. 137. 5).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woodcock,</span></span> a simpleton. Much Ado, v. 1. 158. Because a woodcock
was easily caught in nets set for it at twilight in glades; cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#cockshut'>cockshut</a>.</span>
‘Go, like a woodcock, And thrust your neck i’ the noose’, Beaumont and
Fl., Loyal Subject, iv. 4 (Theodore).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wooden dagger.</span></span> Such a dagger was worn not only by the ‘Vice’, or
buffoon in old plays, but also sometimes by the domestic fool; Fletcher,
Noble Gentleman, v. 1 (Longueville). For ‘dagger of <span class='it'>lath</span>’, see Twelfth
Night, iv. 2. 136. <span class='it'>A wooden dagger</span> could also be used as a crumb-scoop,
to clear the table of fragments after a meal; see Beaumont and Fl.,
Coxcomb, ii. 1 (Mercer).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='woodquist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woodquist,</span></span> a wood-pigeon, ring-dove; ‘A Stock-dove or woodquist’,
Lyly, Sapho, iv. 3. 3. Also <span class='it'>quist</span> (<span class='it'>queest</span>); ‘<span class='it'>Phavier</span>, a Ringdove, Queest,
Coushot, Woodculver’, Cotgrave. [With <span class='it'>phavier</span>, cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>colom favar</span>,
‘pigeon ramier’ (Levy)]. ‘Quist’ (‘queest’), a wood-pigeon, is in prov.
use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See NED. (s.v. Queest).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woodsere,</span></span> the time of year when there is little sap in a tree. Tusser,
Husbandry, § 53. 15, § 51. 6. (The time meant has been said to be between
Midsummer and Michaelmas; it was thought that wood cut at that season
would not grow again.) In E. Anglia the word ‘wood-sere’ is used for
the month or season for felling wood, see EDD. (s.v. Wood, sb. 1 (34 b)).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woodspeck,</span></span> a woodpecker. Golding, Metam. xiv. 314 (L. <span class='it'>picum</span>);
fol. 171 (1603); <span class='it'>Specke</span> is a Norfolk word for the woodpecker (EDD.).
Cp. Du. <span class='it'>specht</span>, a woodpecker (Hexham). G. <span class='it'>specht</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Wood Street,</span></span> the Compter prison in Wood Street, London.
Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer). See Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms,
p. 111).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woolfist,</span></span> a puff-ball. Wily Beguiled, Prologue. For <span class='it'>wolf-fist</span>; Gk. L.
<span class='it'>lycoperdon</span>, which has the same sense; see Weigand, Germ. Dict. (s.v.
Bofist).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woolward:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to go woolward</span>, i.e. in wool only, without linen,
often enjoined as a penance by the Church of Rome; ‘I have no shirt,
I go woolward for penance’, L. L. L. v. 2. 717; ‘He went woolward and
barefooted to many churches’, Stow’s Annals, H. 7 (Nares); ‘Wolworde,
without any lynnen nexte ones body, <span class='it'>sans chemyse</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>wolleward</span>
(<span class='it'>wolward</span>), see Pricke of Conscience, 3514; P. Plowman’s Crede, 788;
P. Plowman, B. xviii. 1 (see note, p. 395). [It is probable that the ME.
form <span class='it'>wolleward</span> is due to popular etymology, and that the word properly
represents an OE. *<span class='it'>wullwered</span>, clothed in wool, cp. <span class='it'>swegelwered</span>, clothed with
heavenly brightness. The corruption would be natural, when the sense
of <span class='it'>wered</span> was lost, as -<span class='it'>ward</span> was a common suffix. The phr. ‘to go woolward’
cannot be genuine: it could only mean ‘to go towards wool’,
which is not the sense (Dr. Henry Bradley). See note on the word
‘woolward’ in Mayor and Lumby’s edition of Beda’s Eccles. Hist.,
p. 347.]</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woose,</span></span> ‘ooze’, soft mud, Phaer, Aeneid iii, 606; <span class='it'>wose</span>, id., ii. 135.
Hence <span class='it'>woosy</span>, full of soft mud, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 205. ME. <span class='it'>wose</span>, mud
(Wars Alex. 413). OE. <span class='it'>wōs</span>; see Napier’s Glosses, 1818.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woose,</span></span> to ooze, Golding, tr. Ovid, fol. 127. See Dict.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>word,</span></span> a motto; ‘And round about the wreath this word was writ,
<span class='it'>Burnt I doe burne</span>’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 38; ‘His word which on his ragged
shield was writ, <span class='it'>Salvagesse sans finesse</span>’, id., iv. 4. 39.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>world;</span></span> ‘It is a world’, i.e. it’s wonderful (to see), Much Ado, iii. 5. 38;
Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 313. <span class='it'>To go to the world</span>, to get married, Much Ado, ii. 1.
331; <span class='it'>a woman of the world</span>, a married woman, As You Like It, v. 3. 5.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>worm,</span></span> to remove what was called the <span class='it'>worm</span> from under a dog’s tongue;
a supposed preventive of his going mad; ‘I should have wormed you, sir,
for [to prevent your] running mad’, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 2 (Vasque).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wot,</span></span> in use as the present tense of the vb. <span class='it'>wit</span>, to know; ‘I wot not
what rule ye keep’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 255); ‘I wote not’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>,
Gen. xxi. 26 (in RV. ‘I know not’); ‘God wot’, Richard III, iii. 2. 89.
ME. preterite-present <span class='it'>I wot</span>, <span class='it'>thou wost</span>, <span class='it'>he wot</span>, pl. <span class='it'>witen</span> (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>ic wāt</span>,
<span class='it'>þū wāst</span>, <span class='it'>he wāt</span>, pl. <span class='it'>witon</span>. Tudor and later English have much false grammar
with respect to this verb: Shaks. has <span class='it'>wotting</span> (for <span class='it'>witting</span>}, <span class='it'>wots</span> (for <span class='it'>wot</span>), <span class='it'>wot’st</span>
(for <span class='it'>wost</span>); and <span class='it'>wotteth</span> (for <span class='it'>wot</span>) is found in the Bible, Gen. xxxix. 8 (in RV.
‘knoweth’).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrabbed,</span></span> perverse, hard to manage; ‘So crabbed, so wrabbed, so
stiff, so untoward’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 211. See
Nares.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrack,</span></span> destruction, loss; ‘The wrack of maidenhood’, All’s Well, iii.
5. 24; ‘The commonwealth hath daily run to wrack’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3.
127; destruction by sea, shipwreck, Venus and Ad. 454; to ruin, destroy,
Hamlet, ii. 1. 113; <span class='it'>wracked</span> (<span class='it'>wrackt</span>), shipwrecked, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 225.
See Dict. (s.v. Wreck).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrall,</span></span> to quarrel, to grumble. Tusser, Husbandry, § 101. 4; ‘This
my tongue-wralling’, Webster, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley,
iv. 120.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrawl,</span></span> to make an inarticulate noise, to caterwaul; ‘Cats that wrawling
still did cry’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>wrawhre</span>, ‘traulus’
(Prompt. EETS. 40, see note, no. 181). See NED. (s.v. Caterwaul).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wray,</span></span> to disclose. Gascoigne, Works, i. 41. ME. <span class='it'>wreye</span>, to bewray.
reveal (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3503); also, <span class='it'>bewreye</span>, ‘The conseil is bewreid’
(Gower, C. A. v. 6785). OE. <span class='it'>wrēgan</span>, to denounce, accuse. See Dict. (s.v.
Bewray).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wread,</span></span> to wreathe, to twist, twine, curl; ‘The snake about him
wrigling winding wreades’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 753. See EDD. (s.v.
Wreath, sb.<sup>1</sup> 7).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wreak,</span></span> vengeance. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (M. Tullius);
Knight of Malta, iv. 1 (Zanthia); ‘wrathful wreakes’, angry acts
of vengeance, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 43; 12. 16; to avenge, punish, F. Q. ii.
3. 13. Hence <span class='it'>wreakful</span>, full of vengeance, Titus And. v. 2. 32. ME. <span class='it'>wreke</span>,
‘vindicta, ulcio’ (Prompt.); <span class='it'>wreken</span>, to avenge (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 857).
OE. <span class='it'>wrecan</span>, to punish.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wreak,</span></span> to ‘reck’, to care. As You Like It, ii. 4. 81 (ed. 1623); Marlowe,
tr. Ovid’s Elegies, ii. 11. 22; <span class='it'>wreaked</span>, recked, Spenser, Shep. Kal.,
Dec., 29. Hence <span class='it'>wreakless</span>, reckless, careless, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 7. Cp. EDD.
(s.v. Wreak, vb.). OE. <span class='it'>rēcan</span> (pret. <span class='it'>rōhte</span>), to rack, care for (Sweet); see
Wright, OE. Gram., § 534.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrest,</span></span> a tuning-key for a harp. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 23.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wretchock,</span></span> the smallest pig of a litter; smallest chicken in a hatch;
a diminutive creature. B. Jonson, Gipsies’ Metam. (Jackman); Skelton,
Elynour Rummyng, 465. A Worc. word for the smallest pig of a litter
(EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wries;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#wry'>wry</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrig,</span></span> to turn aside. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 573 (L. <span class='it'>contorsit</span>).
In prov. use in the Midlands, meaning to writhe (EDD.).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>writhe,</span></span> to turn aside, misdirect. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Gorboduc).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>writhled,</span></span> wrinkled, shrivelled, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 23; Gascoigne, ed.
Hazlitt, i. 42; l. 9.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wroken,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>, revenged. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 108; Muiopotmos,
99; <span class='it'>wroke</span>, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. ME. <span class='it'>wroken</span>, revenged (Chaucer,
Tr. and Cr. i. 88); <span class='it'>wroke</span> (P. Plowman, B. ii. 194); but Chaucer and
P. Plowman have also the regular <span class='it'>wreken</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>wreke</span>, to avenge; OE.
<span class='it'>wrecen</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>wrecan</span>. See Wright, OE. Grammar, § 505.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrote,</span></span> to grub up, as a hog; ‘His earth-wroting snout’, Return from
Parnassus, iii. 4 (Furor). ME. <span class='it'>wrotyn</span>, as swyne ‘verro’ (Prompt. EETS.
547), OE. <span class='it'>wrōtan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wroth,</span></span> sorrow, vexation; ‘I’ll keep my oath, patiently to bear my
wroth’, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 78.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='wry'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wry,</span></span> to turn aside, go aside. Cymbeline, v. 1. 5; ‘<span class='it'>Wries</span>, and wriggles’,
Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 1 (Rowland). ME. <span class='it'>wrien</span>, to turn aside
(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 906), OE. <span class='it'>wrigian</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wun,</span></span> dwelling, abode. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 23.
See <span class='bold'><a href='#wonne2'>wonne</a></span> (2).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wusse;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#iwis'>iwis</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wych,</span></span> wich-elm, witch-elm. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 113.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wyhee;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whigh-hie'>whigh-hie</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wyte,</span></span> to blame; see <span class='bold'><a href='#wite'>wite</a>.</span></p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='X'>X</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><a id='xeriff1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>xeriff,</span></span> a ‘Sherif’, a title of the descendants of Mohammed. Dryden,
Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Muley-Moluch); id., Conquest of Granada, i. 1.
<span class='it'>Xarife</span>, the Spanish way of writing <span class='bold'><a href='#sherif'>sherif</a></span> (q.v.), Port. <span class='it'>xarife</span>, ‘chérif’
(Roquette).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>xeriff,</span></span> a Portuguese coin worth about 300 reis (Portuguese). Dryden,
Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha), Port. <span class='it'>xarafím</span>, Arab, <span class='it'>sharîfî</span> or <span class='it'>ashrafî</span>,
a gold coin often mentioned in the Arabian Nights, see Dozy, Glossaire,
353; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>seraphus</span>, in Baumgarten, Peregrinatio, 23; see Dozy,
Glossaire, p. 534. See Stanford (s.v. Xerafin).</p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='Y'>Y</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yall;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#yawl'>yawl</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yarage</span></span> (applied to ships), the capability of being managed at sea;
‘Light of yarage’, North, Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 35 (in Shaks. Plut.,
p. 208); ‘heavy of yarage’, id., § 35 (p. 211).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yare,</span></span> quick, ready. A word freq. used by Shaks., often given to
sailors. Temp. v. 1. 224; Meas. for M. v. 2. 61; ‘The lesser ship .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. is
yare, whereas the greater is slow’, Ralegh (Nares); <span class='it'>yarely</span>, readily, Temp. i.
1. 4. <span class='it'>Yare</span> is in prov. use in the north (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>yare</span>, ready: ‘Terens
let make his shippes yare’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2270;. OE. <span class='it'>gearu</span>, ready,
equipped.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='yark'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yark,</span></span> to jerk. Drayton, Pol. vi. 51; to pull forcibly as shoemakers
do in securing the stitches of their work; ‘Yark and seam, yark and
seam’ (Eyre); ‘For yarking and seaming let me alone’ (Firk), Dekker,
Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1. See the story of Watt Tinlinn in note to
Scott’s Lay of the Last Minstrel, iv. 4. In reply to the Englishman’s
taunt, ‘Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots’, Watt retorted, discharging
a shaft which nailed the captain’s thigh to his saddle, ‘If I cannot sew,
I can yerk’. As sb. a jerk; ‘<span class='it'>Tire</span>, a kick, yark, jerk’, Cotgrave. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yerk'>yerk</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yarum, yarrum,</span></span> a cant term for milk; see <span class='bold'><a href='#popler'>popler</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yate,</span></span> gate. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224. In prov. use in the north
and in the north Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (9)). ME. <span class='it'>ȝate</span>,
a gate (Wyclif, Ps. cxvii. 20). OE. <span class='it'>geat</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yaw</span></span> (of a ship), to move unsteadily; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Hamlet, v. 2. 120; a
devious course, Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). Icel. <span class='it'>jaga</span>,
to move to and fro (as a door on its hinges).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yaw,</span></span> to cut down; <span class='it'>yawde</span>, for <span class='it'>yawed</span>, pp., Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1206.
(In the next line we have <span class='it'>sawde</span> for <span class='it'>sawn</span>, pp.) In Hants. and Devon
‘yaw’ is the prov. pronunc. of ‘hew’, and is used in the sense of mowing
or cutting wheat with one hand and with a reaping-hook, see EDD.
(s.v. Hew, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yawd,</span></span> a nag, a ‘jade’. Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal). In prov.
use in the north, see EDD, (s.v. Yad). The same word as ‘jade’. <span class='it'>Yawd</span>
is derived directly from Icel. <span class='it'>jalda</span>, a mare, whereas <span class='it'>jade</span> comes to us
through northern French: <span class='it'>jalda</span> &lt; *<span class='it'>jaude</span> &lt; <span class='it'>jade</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yawfrow,</span></span> a young lady, a mistress. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1. Du.
<span class='it'>joffrouw</span>, a gentlewoman, mistress, miss; <span class='it'>jonkvrouw</span>, a young lady; <span class='it'>Jonkvrouw
A.</span>, Miss A. (Sewel).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='yawl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yawl,</span></span> to howl, bawl; to scream like an infant; spelt <span class='it'>yall</span>, Death of
E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Doncaster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 242; Udall,
tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 22; <span class='it'>yawling</span>, a bawling, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday,
ii. 3 (Margery). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD.
(s.v. Yawl, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yblent,</span></span> obscured; ‘The faithfull light of that faire lampe yblent’,
Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 1; blinded, ‘With love yblent’, id., Shep. Kal., April,
155. See <span class='bold'><a href='#blend1'>blend</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ybowne,</span></span> ready to depart. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 140. ME.
<span class='it'>boun</span>, ready to go (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 1503). See Dict. (s.v. Bound, 3).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>y-clept, y-clep’d,</span></span> called, named. Milton, L’Allegro, 12. Spelt
<span class='it'>y-clipped</span>; Ram-Alley, iii. 1 (Puff). See <span class='bold'><a href='#clepe'>clepe</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>y-cond,</span></span> taught. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11.
(Misused; <span class='it'>to con</span> is to learn.) See <span class='bold'><a href='#cond'>cond</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yearn,</span></span> to vex, grieve; ‘It would yearn your heart’, Merry Wives, iii.
5. 45; ‘It yearn’d my heart’, Richard II, v. 5. 76 (in quartos <span class='it'>ernd</span>); ‘It
yearns me not’, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26. Hence <span class='it'>yearnful</span> (<span class='it'>yernful</span>), mournful,
Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 7. See <span class='bold'><a href='#earn'>earn</a></span> (to grieve).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='yearne1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yearne,</span></span> to give tongue as hounds do, to bay, Turbervile, Hunting (ed.
1575, pp. 181, 186, 240); see <span class='bold'><a href='#yorning'>yorning</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yearne,</span></span> to earn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 40; vi. 7. 15. OE. <span class='it'>ge-earnian</span>,
<span class='it'>earnian</span>, to earn.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='yede'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yede, yeed,</span></span> improperly used as an infin., to go. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 5;
ii. 4. 2 <span class='it'>yeade</span>, pr. pl. (improp. used), Shep. Kal., July, 109; <span class='it'>yode</span>, pt. s.
went, id., May, 22, 233; <span class='it'>yod</span>, Golding, Metam. vi. 330. ME. <span class='it'>yede</span>, went
(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1141); <span class='it'>ȝede</span>, <span class='it'>ȝeode</span> (P. Plowman), OE. <span class='it'>ge-ēode</span> (and <span class='it'>ēode</span>),
went. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Eode).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yeding,</span></span> going. Sackville, Mirror of Mag., Induction, st. 30.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yelden,</span></span> submissive; ‘The fierce lion will hurt no yelden thinges’
(i.e. creatures that have submitted), Sir T. Wyatt, To his ladie cruel
over her Yelden Lover, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 62. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yold'>yold</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellow.</span></span> Bands dyed with <span class='it'>yellow starch</span>, much used by Mrs. Turner,
became unfashionable when that infamous woman was hung (Nov. 15, 1615)
for being concerned in the murder of Sir Thos. Overbury; but not very
long after they were again in use. ‘Hateful As yellow bands’, The Widow,
v. 1 (Martia); ‘Disliked your yellow starch’, Beaumont and Fl., Queen
of Corinth, iv. 1 (Tutor).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellow breeches, to wear,</span></span> to be jealous. Massinger, Duke of Milan,
iv. 2 (Stephano). <span class='it'>Yellow</span>, as the hue of jealousy, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel,
ii. 2. 14.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellow-hammer,</span></span> (jocosely) a gold coin. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1
(2 Guard).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellowness,</span></span> jealousy. Merry Wives, i. 3. 111.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellow-pate,</span></span> the yellow-hammer, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 75.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellows,</span></span> jaundice in cattle. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. In prov. use, see
EDD. (s.v. Yellow, 4).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yelt,</span></span> a young sow; ‘A youngling yelt of brestled sow’, Twyne, tr. of
Aeneid, xii. 170. In prov. use in the north and in E. Anglia, see EDD.
(s.v. Gilt, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='yeoman-fewterer'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yeoman-fewterer,</span></span> the man who, under the huntsman, took care of
the dogs, and let them slip at the right moment. Massinger, Picture, v. 1
(Ricardo); Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); B. Jonson, Every Man out of
Humour, ii. 3. See Nares (s.v.), and <span class='bold'><a href='#fewterer'>fewterer</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yerde,</span></span> a rod, a staff. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 6. ME.
<span class='it'>yerde</span> (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>gierd</span>, a rod.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='yerk'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yerk, yirk,</span></span> to lash with a whip. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; Marston,
Sat. i. 3, p. 184 (Nares); <span class='it'>yarke</span>, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 489. Hence, <span class='it'>yerking
preferment</span>, a promotion to punishment with a whip, Shirley, Opportunity,
ii. 1 (Pimponio); to kick out strongly, Hen. V, iv. 7. 84; Tusser, Husbandry,
§ 64; to thrust smartly, Othello, i. 2. 5. This word is in
prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland, pronounced in many
ways, with the meanings (among others), to jerk, to pull forcibly; to lash
with a switch or whip, to kick as a horse does, see EDD. (s.v. Yark, vb.<sup>1</sup>
1, 5, 7). See <span class='bold'><a href='#yark'>yark</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yert:</span></span> in comb. <span class='it'>yert-point</span>, lit. ‘jerk-point’; the name of a childish
game; perhaps similar to blow-point. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). It
may have been a name for spelicans. ‘Yert’ belongs to the group of
words: <span class='it'>jerk</span>, <span class='it'>yerk</span>, <span class='it'>jert</span>, see Cotgrave (s.v. Tire).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yfere,</span></span> together. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1; vi. 6. 31; Shep. Kal., April,
68; Sackville, Induction, st. 74. ME. <span class='it'>yfere</span>, together (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span>
394), also <span class='it'>in-fere</span> (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 328, <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 924); orig. <span class='it'>in fere</span>, in company. OE. <span class='it'>on
heora gefére</span>, in their company (Luke ii. 44).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yfet,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> fetched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 647. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fet'>fet</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yield,</span></span> to reward; ‘The gods yield you for’t’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 2. 23;
spelt <span class='it'>’ild</span>, ‘How do you pretty lady?—Well, God ’ild you!’, Hamlet, iv.
5. 41; Macbeth, i. 6. 13. ‘God yield you’ is still in prov. use in Cheshire
(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>God yelde yow</span>, God requite you (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1772).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ying,</span></span> young; ‘The lilly .&nbsp;. rysing fresche and ying’, Dunbar, The
Thistle and the Rose, 22. ME. <span class='it'>ȝing</span>, young (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 41).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yirk;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#yerk'>yerk</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ylike,</span></span> alike, all the same; ‘Ylike to me was libertee and lyfe’, Spenser,
Shep. Kal., Dec., 36; F. Q. i. 4. 27. ME. <span class='it'>yliche</span> (<span class='it'>ylike</span>), like, similar; also
as adv., alike, in like manner (P. Plowman). OE. <span class='it'>gelīc</span>, similar, equal;
<span class='it'>gelīce</span>, equally, in the same way, in a similar way.</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='ynde'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ynde,</span></span> indigo, dark blue. Morte Arthur, leaf 114, back. 27; bk. vii,
c. 11. OF. <span class='it'>inde</span>, ‘de couleur d’azur’ (Didot); Med. L. <span class='it'>indium</span>, ‘genus
coloris caerulei’ (Ducange), for L. <span class='it'>indicum</span>, indigo, orig. of India,
Indian.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yod;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#yede'>yede</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='yold'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yold,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> yielded. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25. As pp., id., vii. 7. 30.
ME. <span class='it'>ȝolden</span>, pt. pl. and pp. of <span class='it'>ȝelden</span>, to yield (Wars Alex. 2326, 2378).
See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. ȝelden).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yomenne,</span></span> ‘yeomen’; the pawns in the game of chess. Fitzherbert,
Husbandry, Prol. 20.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yond.</span></span> This word occurs in the following passages: ‘Then like a lyon
.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. wexeth wood and yond’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 40; ‘As Florimel fled
from that monster yond’, id., iii. 7. 26; ‘Those three brethren, Lombards
fierce and yond’, Fairfax, tr. Tasso, i. 55. It seems to be a synonym of
‘fierce’.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yond,</span></span> yonder, thither. Tempest, i. 2. 409; Richard II, iii. 3. 91. In
prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>yond</span>,
yonder (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1099). OE. <span class='it'>geond</span>, ‘illuc’ (Matt. xxvi. 86,
Rushworth).</p>

<p class='pindent'><a id='yorning'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yorning,</span></span> giving tongue as hounds do. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,
c. 18, § 5; see Croft’s Glossary. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yearne1'>yearne</a></span> (1).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yote,</span></span> to water, soak; ‘Yoted wheat’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 760.
A west-country word, ‘The brewer’s grains must be well yoted for the
pigs’, Grose (1790), see EDD. See below.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yoten,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> melted. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 5. ME.
<span class='it'>ȝotun</span>, molten (Wyclif, Job xli. 6, Ps. cv. 19), pp. of <span class='it'>yeten</span>, to pour (Chaucer),
OE. <span class='it'>gēotan</span>.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>youl,</span></span> to howl, to squall like an infant. All Mistaken, i. 1 (near end);
in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 337. Hence <span class='it'>youling</span>, ib., i. 1 (Philidor); in the
same, xv. 332. In gen. prov. use in all English-speaking countries; see
EDD. (s.v. Yowl). ME. <span class='it'>youling</span>, loud lamentation (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1278).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>youngth, yongth,</span></span> youth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 20; Muiopotmos,
34. ME. <span class='it'>ȝongthe</span> (Wyclif, Luke xviii. 21).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ypight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> pitched, placed. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pight'>pight</a>.</span></p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ysam,</span></span> together. Spelt <span class='it'>ysame</span> (riming with <span class='it'>ram</span> and <span class='it'>swam</span>). Spenser,
F. Q. vii. 7. 32. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sam'>sam</a>.</span> ME. <span class='it'>ysamme</span>, together (P. Plowman, A. x. 193),
OE. <span class='it'>samen</span>, together (Sweet).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>y-vound,</span></span> found. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ywus,</span></span> ‘<span class='it'>ywis</span>’, certainly. Golding, Metam. i. 754 (riming with <span class='it'>thus</span>),
fol. 13, back (1603). See <span class='bold'><a href='#iwis'>iwis</a>.</span></p>

<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='Z'>Z</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zabra,</span></span> a small sailing vessel, in use in the Bay of Biscay; <span class='it'>zabraes</span>, pl.;
Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 256. Span. <span class='it'>azábra</span>, ‘a small sort of
Bark us’d in some parts of Spain’; <span class='it'>Zábra</span>, ‘a sort of Vessel once us’d in
Biscay from 100 to 200 Tun Burden, and serv’d for Fishing or Privateering,
now laid aside’ (Stevens). Port, <span class='it'>zabra</span> (Roquette). See Stanford (s.v.
Azabra).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zambra,</span></span> a Moorish festival, with music and dancing; a festive dance.
Dryden, Conquest of Granada, I, i. 1 (l. 11 from end). Span. <span class='it'>zambra</span>,
‘a Moorish dance’ (Stevens). ‘A la rigueur <span class='it'>zambra</span> signifie musique
d’instruments à vent; on l’a appliqué à la danse parce que l’on danse au
son des larigots et des flûtes’ (Cobarruvias). <span class='it'>Zambra</span> is from the Arabic
root <span class='it'>zamara</span>, to play on a wind instrument, Dozy, Glossaire, 364.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zany,</span></span> a subordinate buffoon, who mimicked the clown. Twelfth Nt.
i. 5. 96; cp. L. L. L. v. 2. 463. Ital. ‘<span class='it'>záne</span>, the name of <span class='it'>John</span> in some parts
of Lombardy, but commonly used for a silly John, a simple gull, or foolish
Clown in a Play or Comedy, as a Jack pudding at the dancing of the ropes’
(Florio). See Stanford.</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zany,</span></span> to imitate apishly, to mimic. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, i. 2
(Crates); Lover’s Progress, i. 1 (Clarinda).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zecchine,</span></span> a gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1
(Cornari); Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79. Ital. <span class='it'>zecchino</span>, a Venetian coin,
deriv. of <span class='it'>zecca</span>, ‘a mint or place of coyning’ (Florio), Arab. <span class='it'>sikka</span>, coin;
<span class='it'>dâr as-sikka-t</span>, a mint (Steingass).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zelant,</span></span> a zealot. Bacon, Essay 3. Med. L. <span class='it'>zelans</span>; see Ducange (s.v.
Zelare).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zelatour,</span></span> a zealot, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 27. Med. L.
<span class='it'>zelator</span>, ‘aemulator, inimicus’ (Ducange).</p>

<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zernick,</span></span> orpiment. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. <span class='it'>zernîkh</span>,
arsenic (Steingass), Pers. <span class='it'>zernīχ</span>, orpiment, yellow arsenic; from <span class='it'>zar</span>, gold.
A word of Indo-European origin. See Academy (May 11, 1895, p. 427),
and Horn’s Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (1893, § 691).</p>

<hr class='pbk'/>

<div class='lgc' style='margin-top:3em;margin-bottom:3em;'> <!-- rend=';sm;' -->
<p class='line' style='font-size:small;'>OXFORD: HORACE HART M.A.</p>
<p class='line' style='font-size:small;'>PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY</p>
</div> <!-- end rend -->

<div><h1 id='TN'>Transcriber’s Notes</h1></div>

<p class='pindent'>The book cover image was made by the
transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>

<p class='pindent'>The original spelling has not been modified, with the exception that the capitalisation
of Midlands has been made consistent.</p>

<p class='pindent'>Punctuation is largely reproduced as in the original. End-of-line hyphens
have been removed to rejoin words as appropriate, but other hyphenation is
as in the original. Punctuation has been added silently is a small number
of places where it is obviously missing as a result of a typesetting or
printing error.</p>

<p class='pindent'>The references to EETS. are to the Early English Text Society publications.</p>

<p class='pindent'>While it is not stated in this book, it is inferred that it follows the practice of the
Oxford English Dictionary in which:</p>

<ul style="list-style-type:none;">
<li>* indicates a word or form not actually found, but of which the existence is inferred,</li>

<li>† signifies an obsolete word,</li>

<li>[...] in a quotation, it surrounds an editorial insertion,</li>

<li>[...] while around an entire quotation, it indicates a quotation is relevant to the development
of a sense but not directly illustrative of it.</li>
</ul>

<p class='pindent'>.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. obtained from the OED web site.</p>

<p class='pindent'>Hyperlinks have been added to cross-references, except in the few cases where the word
could not be found.</p>

<p class='line' style='text-align:center;'>[End of <span class='it'>A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words</span>, by Walter William Skeat, edited by Anthony Lawson Mayhew]</p>

<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 62809 ***</div>
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