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If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The Civil War Battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga - -Author: Jesse Littleton Rogers - -Release Date: August 19, 2020 [EBook #62977] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CIVIL WAR BATTLES *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - Price - 50¢ - - - - - The Civil War Battles - of - Chickamauga - and - Chattanooga - - - New York Peace Monument, Point Park, Lookout Mountain - - By J. L. ROGERS - - THIRD EDITION - - - - - THE CIVIL WAR BATTLES - of - CHICKAMAUGA - and - CHATTANOOGA - - -The Front Cover: - -The New York Central Memorial, or Peace Monument, Point Park, Lookout -Mountain, Tennessee. This is the largest and most imposing monumental -structure in the park. The height is 95 feet. The base is 50 feet in -diameter. The platform is reached by 7 steps which are made of Tennessee -marble. There is a colonnade 3 steps above the platform. In the center -of the colonnade is a pedestal on which rests the tall circular shaft. -The shaft is surmounted by bronze figures of a Union and Confederate -soldier with “Old Glory” towering above them. “Their hands once raised -in strife, now clasping a brother’s hand.” These bronze figures are 8′ -9″ high and were designed by R. Hinton Perry of New York, to whom the -idea was suggested by General Daniel E. Sickles. The pink granite in -this monument came from Milford, Mass. The contractor for the granite -work was G. H. Cutting Granite Co., of Worcester, Mass. The plans and -specifications for the monument were prepared by A. J. Zabriskie, -Engineer and Secretary of the New York Monument Commission. This -monument was erected in 1907 at a cost of approximately $80,000.00. It -was dedicated on November 15, 1910, with impressive ceremonies, the -dedication alone costing $21,138.58. In his address on that occasion -General Sickles said of this monument: - -“I take a great deal of pride in that monument. It was designed by my -colleagues and myself and my secretary, A. J. Zabriskie. I myself -designed a great deal of the statuary which surmounts it. It represents -conciliation; and that was my thought—my thought of a Northern and -Southern soldier standing under one flag, which they both hold as they -embrace each other. That is the spirit in which we have done our -monumental work in Chattanooga, in placing there an enduring monument to -reconciliation and peace. New York holds out her hand to Tennessee. New -York embraces Tennessee and all her sister states in the South. New York -offers to all of them good fellowship, good will and reconciliation now -and forever.” - - - Copyright 1942 - By J. L. ROGERS - 3203 Dayton Blvd. - Chattanooga, Tenn. - - - - - CONTENTS - - - CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK - CHATTANOOGA AND ITS IMPORTANCE DURING THE CIVIL WAR - THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA - THE SIEGE AND BATTLE OF CHATTANOOGA - REGIMENTAL LOSSES—HERE AND ELSEWHERE - CIVIL WAR PRISONS - DID YOU KNOW THAT - HISTORIC SITES IN CHATTANOOGA - COMPLETE INDEX OF UNION AND CONFEDERATE ORGANIZATIONS AT CHICKAMAUGA, - CHATTANOOGA, OR BOTH - - - - - PREFACE - - -_The following pages have been written after a careful study of the -Official records and other Civil War library books to which I have had -access over a period of years, and not upon the recollection of personal -experience, as I did not belong to the generation which fought the great -Civil War. It has been my desire to make all statements as accurate as -possible, and sincerely believe that any and all statements contained in -this volume can be verified by the Official Records. I wish to express -my thanks to the War Department, under whose authority the Official -Records were published. I also wish to express my thanks to the late -Hon. Charles W. Lusk of Chattanooga, Tennessee, for his valuable -suggestions._ - - [Illustration: Entrance to Point Park. Lookout Mountain] - - [Illustration: Riderless Horse—Chickamauga Battlefield] - - - - - CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK - (Georgia and Tennessee) - - -By an act of Congress, approved August 19, 1890, the Chickamauga and -Chattanooga National Military Park was established, with a view to -preserving and suitably marking those battlefields for historical and -professional military study. The part undertaken by the Government in -the establishment of this park embraced the purchase of lands, -restoration of the fields, construction of roads and trails, building of -observation towers, the erection of appropriate monuments to the regular -troops engaged there, the preparation of hundreds of historical tablets -for the various organizations of the contending armies, the mounting of -original guns in their exact positions during the battles and the -erection of shell pyramids, both of square-base and triangular-base -type. - -The park was created as a result of the reunion of the Army of the -Cumberland which was held in Chattanooga, Tennessee, on September 19-20, -1889. At this reunion, the Chickamauga Memorial Association was formed. -Gen. John T. Wilder was elected president and Gen. Joseph Wheeler -vice-president. Then a Board of Directors, numbering 28, were elected. -Of this number, an equal division was made of ex-Union and -ex-Confederate officers. - -Since that time the various states having troops in the battles have -erected hundreds of beautiful, expensive monuments and markers which -show the exact regimental positions of their troops. The tablets mark -the brigade and division positions and give a brief history of their -activities. The blue tablets mark the Union positions, while the red -tablets mark Confederate positions. Another interesting thing to know is -that all of these tablets have been placed in such a manner that when -you are facing them, you are facing the same direction which the troops -were facing at that time and place. Therefore, if anyone cares to follow -up the movements of any particular organization, it can be done very -easily. - -Every effort has been made to restore the battlefields to their original -condition. Speaking of the shell pyramids, there are 14 of the -square-base type which mark the headquarters sites of either an army -corps or the field headquarters of the commanding general. There are 8 -of the triangular-base pyramids which mark the exact spot where each of -the brigade commanders lost their lives. All of these are located on the -Chickamauga battlefield. On Missionary Ridge, a bronze cannon-ball -monument has been substituted for a pyramid. This also marks the site -where a brigade commander lost his life. One original house stands on -the Chickamauga battlefield; also three replicas of the original. - -This is the largest and oldest of the National Military Parks. It is -probably the first one on which the high-ranking officers of the -contending armies ever met to determine their exact locations during the -battles. The park consists of approximately 8,584 acres, and embraces -the battlefields of Chickamauga, Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain and -Missionary Ridge, all of which were very important in military -operations around Chattanooga, Tennessee, in the fall of 1863. The -Chickamauga battlefield alone covers 5,562 acres. - - - - - CHATTANOOGA AND ITS IMPORTANCE DURING THE CIVIL WAR - - -In 1863 Chattanooga was a very small town with a population of only -4,000. Notwithstanding the small population, it was the objective of -both the Union and Confederate armies. Its importance was chiefly due to -the railroads that intersected here. There were rail connections to the -Mississippi River at Memphis; to the Ohio River via Nashville and -Louisville; to the Atlantic at Savannah and Charleston via Atlanta, and -to Richmond via Knoxville and Lynchburg. In addition to this, -Chattanooga was located on the Tennessee River. Therefore, with every -transportation facility possible, its possession was of vital -importance. Union troops in possession of Chattanooga, meant a wedge -through the Confederacy, because Chattanooga was the “key” to east -Tennessee and northwest Georgia. Furthermore, it would discourage the -forwarding of supplies and the transportation of troops back and forth -from Richmond to the areas in west Tennessee and Mississippi. The -section of east Tennessee in which Chattanooga is located is one of the -most fertile sections in the entire South for the production of grain. -Not only wheat, corn and hay, but plenty of beef, bacon, horses and -mules. All of these were of vital importance in the support of an army. -In fact, both Governments profited from the resources of this area. - -Another reason for Chattanooga’s importance was a political reason. All -of the mountainous region of east Tennessee in which Chattanooga is -located was exceptionally sympathetic with the Union. President Lincoln -and his military advisers regarded the possession of Chattanooga by the -Union army as second only in importance to the capture of Richmond—the -Confederate capital. It was by far the most important city in Tennessee -to place Union forces since it would encourage the Unionist sentiment -and relieve the loyal citizens from Confederate control. - -Eventually two major battles were fought for possession of Chattanooga. -First, the battle of Chickamauga on September 19-20, which was a -Confederate victory. Two months later the battle of Chattanooga was -fought. This was a three-day battle. At Orchard Knob, Nov. 23rd; Lookout -Mountain, Nov. 24th; Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25th. This was a very -decisive victory for the Union army. - -NOTE: In reading of the battles, please remember that any name used -applies strictly to their commands unless otherwise explained. - - - THE FIRST OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA BY CONFEDERATES - -At the outbreak of the Civil War, there were no Confederate soldiers in -Chattanooga. They made their appearance in the spring of 1862—a year -after the war started. These troops were commanded by Generals Floyd, -Maxey and Leadbetter. It was only a short time until Union forces, -commanded by General Mitchell, arrived. They shelled the city on June -7th and 8th, and the Confederates made a hasty exit. In August, General -Braxton Bragg, commanding the Confederate army, invaded Chattanooga and -started a campaign into Kentucky. After an unsuccessful campaign in -Kentucky, Bragg was forced to fall back to Murfreesboro, Tennessee. At -this time the Union army was at Nashville, Tennessee. On December 31, -1862, and January 1-2, 1863, the battle of Stones River, or -Murfreesboro, was fought. This was a fierce battle which resulted in a -Union victory. The victory enabled the Union army to spend the remainder -of the winter in Murfreesboro, while the Confederates retreated -southeastward to Tullahoma, Tennessee. At this time the Army of the -Cumberland (Union) was commanded by Major-General William S. Rosecrans. -The Army of Tennessee (Confederate) was commanded by General Braxton -Bragg whom Fort Bragg, one of our most modern army posts, is named in -honor of. Both armies were making preparations for future battles which -they realized were forthcoming once winter was over. The Confederates -posted a strong line of cavalry on the north side of the Duck river. -Their infantry positions were strongly fortified. The winter months were -long and severe, and you may be sure that both armies endured many -hardships. The Union plans called for Rosecrans to take Chattanooga and -Atlanta, both important railroad centers, during 1863. In fact, -Chattanooga was an important railroad center as early as 1850. Both -armies were rather idle for several months although Rosecrans was being -urged to renew hostilities against Bragg. - - - THE TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN - -Finally, on June 23, 1863, Rosecrans left Murfreesboro, moving against -Bragg at Tullahoma. By exercising very clever strategy in the form of a -series of flanking movements, the Confederates were forced to give up -one stronghold after another. The Confederates finally crossed the -Tennessee River at Bridgeport and Caperton’s Ferry, Alabama, and moved -directly into Chattanooga. The first arrival at Chattanooga was at the -same hour that General Pickett made his famous charge at Gettysburg, -namely near high noon on July 3rd. By this time the Union army had -advanced to the western base of the Cumberland Mountain. The right of -their line was at Winchester; the left at McMinnville. Rosecrans, with -his headquarters at Winchester, was making preparations for another -campaign for occupying Chattanooga. At this time Chattanooga was of -utmost importance to both armies, and no doubt the largest prize from a -military standpoint which the Army of the Cumberland ever contended for. -The Confederates had destroyed the bridge across the Tennessee River at -Bridgeport to delay the pursuit of the Union Army. The Union army -consisted of three regular Army Corps; the 14th, commanded by Maj.-Gen. -George H. Thomas; the 20th, commanded by Maj.-Gen. Alexander McCook, and -the 21st, commanded by Maj.-Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden. The Cavalry Corps -was commanded by Brig.-Gen. Robert Mitchell; the Reserve Corps was -commanded by Maj.-Gen. Gordon Granger. The disposition of the Union -forces was as follows: - -Thomas was posted at Decherd; McCook at McMinnville, and Crittenden at -Winchester. Again Rosecrans was urged to renew hostilities against -Bragg. The Cumberland, Raccoon and Lookout Mountain ranges and the -Tennessee River were some of the giant obstacles between Rosecrans and -Chattanooga. To cross these required a maximum of time and supplies as -it was quite a task. There were railroads to repair; the river bridge to -be rebuilt. All of this required time and labor. It was humanly -impossible for Rosecrans to begin a forward movement at this time. By -extending every effort possible, it was July 25th before the railroads -were repaired. Another weighty consideration of Rosecrans was the -necessary forage for the animals. Having knowledge that corn would not -be ripe in east Tennessee and northern Alabama before the middle of -August, Rosecrans insisted on waiting until that time before he launched -another campaign. Officials of the War Department were eager for action -on the part of Rosecrans. - -On August 4th, Gen. Halleck sent a message to Rosecrans which said: -“Your forces must move forward without delay. You will daily report the -movement of each corps till you cross the Tennessee River.” Since -Rosecrans was not ready for the movement, he replied: “Your dispatch -ordering me to move forward without delay, reporting the movements of -each corps till I cross the Tennessee River received. As I have -determined to cross the river as soon as practicable, and have been -making all preparations and getting such information as may enable me to -do so without being driven back, like Hooker, I wish to know if your -order is intended to take away my discretion as to the time and manner -of moving my troops.” To this message Gen. Halleck replied: “The orders -for the advance of your army, and that it be reported daily are -peremptory.” This latter message did not set well with Rosecrans. He -prepared his reply and after conferring with his corps commanders and -receiving their assurance that they would support him, he sent the -following message: Gen. Halleck: “My arrangements for beginning a -continuous movement will be completed and the execution begun Monday -next. We have information to show that crossing the Tennessee River -between Bridgeport and Chattanooga is impracticable, but not enough to -show whether we had better cross above Chattanooga and strike Cleveland, -or below Bridgeport and strike in their rear. The preliminary movement -of troops for the two cases are quite different. It is necessary to have -our means of crossing the river completed and our supplies provided to -cross 60 miles of mountains and sustain ourselves during the operations -of crossing and fighting, before we move. To obey your order literally -would be to push our troops into the mountains on narrow and difficult -roads, destitute of pasture and forage; and short of water where they -would not be able to maneuver as exigencies demand, and would certainly -cause ultimate delay and probable disaster. If, therefore, the movement -which I propose can not be regarded as obedience to your order, I -respectfully request a modification of it or to be relieved from the -command.” - - Gen. Halleck wired him as follows: “I have communicated to you the - wishes of the Government in plain and unequivocal terms. The objective - has been stated, and you have been directed to lose no time in - reaching it. The means you are to employ and the roads you are to - follow are left to your own discretion. If you wish to promptly carry - out the wishes of the Government you will not stop to discuss mere - details. In such matters I do not interfere.” - - Rosecrans replied the same day. His message read: “Your dispatch - received. I can only repeat the assurance given before the issuance of - the order. This army shall move with all dispatch compatible with the - successful execution of our work. We are pressing everything to bring - up forage for our animals. The present rolling stock of the road will - barely suffice to keep us day by day here, but I have bought 50 more - freight cars, which are arriving. Will advise you daily.” There was no - further interference from Washington. - - [Illustration: Park Headquarters, Chickamauga Battlefield] - - [Illustration: Snodgrass House, Chickamauga Battlefield] - - - - - THE CAMPAIGN FOR CHATTANOOGA - - -On August 16th, the Union army started their forward movement. Thomas -and McCook moved their corps down to the Tennessee River at Bridgeport. -Crittenden moved down the Sequatchie Valley, having troops from just -north of Jasper to a point above Pikeville. A part of the latter’s -corps, (Wilder’s and Wagner’s Mounted Infantry) took positions along -Walden’s Ridge and Signal Mountain where they were in plain view of the -Confederates in Chattanooga. Numerous demonstrations were made at these -points to attract the attention of the Confederates and to make them -believe they were attempting to cross the river at some point above the -city. They would beat on empty barrels to imitate the rolling of supply -wagons. They also built huge bon-fires and would march back and forth in -the flare of them. Buglers were placed at distant points where they -would strike a few notes at regular intervals. They even sawed planks, -boards and pieces of logs to float down the river to give the -Confederates the impression they were building a pontoon bridge at some -point above the city. On August 21st, a part of Wilder’s brigade -advanced to Stringer’s Ridge where they shelled Chattanooga with -artillery. One shell landed in front of the First Presbyterian Church at -Seventh and Market streets, while services were being conducted. Some -reports claim that a little girl had her leg broken by a piece of shell. -However, according to the report of Confederate Gen. D. H. Hill, several -women and children were killed. Today, Chattanooga’s tallest building, -the Hamilton National Bank, stands on this site. The shelling of the -city showed that the Union troops were on the immediate front of the -Confederates. As a result, Cleburne’s division was sent to Harrison, and -then distributed at every ford and ferry between the mouths of the -Chickamauga Creek and the Hiwasee River—a distance of at least 50 miles. -These troops were so placed in order to guard against any possible -crossing by the Union troops. All of these positions were covered by -rifle-pits and batteries. With the Confederates’ attention drawn in this -direction, the main body of the Union army effected a crossing of the -river at Bridgeport, 30 miles below Chattanooga, between August 29th and -September 4th, unmolested. Thomas crossed over the Sand Mountain to -Trenton, Georgia, after much difficulty. - -When Bragg learned that the Union army had crossed the river below him -he evacuated Chattanooga during the 8th and 9th of September, moving 26 -miles southward to LaFayette, Georgia, behind the Pigeon Mountains. This -movement was made in order that he could protect his line of -communications and his base of supplies, his base being Atlanta. As the -last of Bragg’s army was leaving the city on the morning of September -9th, the 92nd Illinois Mounted Infantry made a reconnaissance on Lookout -Mountain. They then entered the city. Crittenden’s corps followed the -railroad to Ringgold, then westward to Rock Springs in pursuit of the -Confederates. At this latter point, Crittenden was directly between -Bragg and Chattanooga. - - - PRELIMINARY MOVEMENTS - -Rosecrans was led to believe that Bragg was in full retreat to Rome and -Atlanta. He had gathered this information from pretended deserters from -the Confederate army. However, he was determined to head the -Confederates off. He immediately dispatched Thomas and McCook down -Lookout Valley to point 26 and 42 miles below Chattanooga where they -crossed Lookout Mountain. Thomas moved into McLemore’s Cove; McCook to -Alpine and Summerville, Georgia. In planning these movements and making -such disposition of his troops, Rosecrans was falling into a trap which -had been set for him. Bragg’s army was not in retreat. They had no -intentions of retreating. Rosecrans was not aware of the fact that Bragg -was not in retreat until about September 12th. His army was divided into -three sections. It was at least 60 miles from the left to right of his -troops. Meanwhile, Bragg at LaFayette, was opposite the Union center and -in position to attack and crush the Union army in detail as they emerged -from the mountains. He had already been re-enforced by Buckner from east -Tennessee and Walker from Mississippi. He was only awaiting Longstreet’s -arrival from Virginia before turning back in an effort to retake -Chattanooga. The latter named troops were seasoned veterans who were -sent down by Gen. Lee. A great many of them had fought in the battle of -Gettysburg. Upon their arrival Bragg ordered the Confederates to turn -back toward Chattanooga. His plan was to attack Crittenden and in case -Thomas and McCook should arrive they could be taken care of, likewise, -in order. Failure of his subordinate officers to comply promptly with -these orders caused this opportunity to be lost. Rosecrans, upon -learning that Bragg had received heavy re-enforcements and was turning -back in an effort to retake Chattanooga, hurriedly ordered the -concentration of his forces. McCook, contrary to orders, took a -roundabout route from Summerville, causing some delay. However, on -September 17th, he joined Thomas and they in turn started their movement -to join Crittenden. At this time Crittenden was on the west side of -Chickamauga Creek at Lee and Gordon’s Mill. It was necessary for Thomas -and McCook to make a forced march day and night in order to reach -Crittenden. They were practically exhausted when they reached him. - - - BRAGG’S PLAN FOR BATTLE - -On September 17th, Bragg had ordered his troops to cross the Chickamauga -Creek at Reed’s and Alexander’s bridges. They were to sweep up the creek -toward Crittenden’s position. His objective was to gain possession of -the main road between Rosecrans and Chattanooga. Incidentally, this main -road is known today as Highway U. S. No. 27. The Confederates reached -Chickamauga Creek on Friday afternoon, September 18th. Here they met -with some opposition from the Union troops. After a great deal of -skirmishing, of which some was rather severe, the Confederates effected -a crossing. - - - THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA - -On Saturday morning the right of the Confederate line extended to the -Reed’s Bridge road. Forrest’s Cavalry Corps was posted on the right of -this line. Thomas’ troops arrived on the LaFayette road at the Kelley -field near daylight on Saturday morning, the 19th. Brannan’s division -moved up the main road to the McDonald field, thence east toward Reed’s -bridge. When in the vicinity of Jay’s Mill they encountered Forrest’s -cavalry. Croxton’s brigade fired into them and thus opened the battle of -Chickamauga. Forrest’s men dismounted and returned the fire, fighting as -infantry. It was now 7:30 A. M. The battle was slow to start. Then it -became severe. Both sides sent for re-enforcements which were sent at -once. Connell’s and VanDerveer’s brigades came to Croxton’s support -while Walker and Liddell brought their divisions to Forrest’s -assistance. Due to the Confederates not being in the positions which -Bragg had ordered them, a great deal of confusion resulted. However, -troops kept filling in on both sides until the lines were about three -miles in length. Each side gained and lost ground many times by severe -charging and counter-charging. Baird made an effort to reform his lines -but while doing so, was attacked by Walker in greater numbers. King and -Scribner were driven back some distance at the same time. The Union -forces then drove Walker to his former position. At this time Cheatham -came to Walker’s rescue and they drove Johnson, Palmer and VanCleve back -in order. Reynolds was then overpowered by the Confederates, the rebels -yelling wildly all the while. Davis and Wood then checked the advance of -the Confederates. After adjusting their lines, they drove Cheatham, -Walker and Stewart back to their former positions. Most of the fighting -was in the woods at this time although some was in open fields. Much of -it was at very close range. In just such manner the fighting lasted all -the forenoon, neither side gaining very much. Casualties were high on -both sides. It is believed that the 10th and 74th Indiana Infantry were -the most severely engaged at this time. It may be interesting to learn -that Col. William B. Carroll, commanding the 10th Indiana Infantry, was -the first field officer to be killed at Chickamauga. By noon the -fighting was general throughout the lines. - -During the afternoon the most severe fighting took place near the -opposite ends of the lines in the Vineyard field. Fighting at this point -was all at close range and some was hand-to-hand. About 4:00 P. M., Col. -Hans C. Heg, 15th Wisconsin Infantry, was mortally wounded. Col. Heg -commanded the 3rd brigade of Davis’ division. With death staring him in -the face, he again rallied his men and rode nearly one-quarter of a mile -before the loss of blood weakened him to such an extent that he was -forced to give up his command. His brigade was taken over by Col. John -A. Martin of the 8th Kansas Infantry. Col. Heg was the first brigade -commander to fall on the Chickamauga battlefield. After a restless night -in a hospital, he passed away near noon of the 20th. After sundown the -fighting ceased at all portions of the field. Neither side had gained -any worthwhile advantage during this first day of battle, although the -Union forces had been driven much closer to the main road. The left of -the Union line under Thomas was well anchored across the main highway; -the center under McCook was just west of the highway, and the right end -of the line under Crittenden was still east of the highway. The -Confederate line was very close to the Union line at all points. Shortly -after dark the battle was renewed near the north end of the lines. -Cleburne and Cheatham encountered Johnson and Baird. The fighting lasted -only about an hour but the losses were heavy. Two brigade commanders -lost their lives about 7:00 P. M. On the Union side, Col. Philemon P. -Baldwin of Indiana, was killed. Col. Baldwin commanded the 3rd brigade -of Johnson’s division. Col. William W. Berry of the 5th Kentucky -Infantry, assumed command of Baldwin’s brigade. On the Confederate side, -Brig.-Gen. Preston Smith of Tennessee was killed. Gen. Smith commanded a -brigade of Cheatham’s division. Col. Alfred J. Vaughn, Jr., 13th -Tennessee Infantry, assumed command of Smith’s brigade. During the night -both armies rearranged their lines in preparation for the next day’s -battle. The right end of the Union line was shifted from the vicinity of -the Vineyard field westward to the Crawfish Springs road near Widow -Glenn’s. The Confederate line remained east of the highway at all -points, slightly over-lapping the Union line on either end. The troops -on the left of the Union line fortified their positions during the night -by falling trees, stacking rails, stumps, etc., in preparation for -Sunday’s battle. On the Confederate side Longstreet, the South -Carolinian, arrived with his corps about 11:00 P. M. At this time Bragg -divided his army into two wings, the left and right. Longstreet was -given command of the left wing; Gen. Leonidas Polk, the North -Carolinian, who was the first Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Louisiana, -was placed in command of the right wing. Bragg gave order for the battle -to be resumed at daylight on Sunday morning. His plan was to launch the -Confederate right against the Union left, with each division and brigade -to their left to take up the firing in order until the battle became -general throughout the field. Hill’s corps was on the right of the -Confederate line. Breckinridge commanded the extreme right division. The -latter had three brigades, commanded by Helm, Adams and Stovall. - -Sunday morning came. The battle was not resumed at daylight. Sunrise -came, but still no battle. Bragg was waiting impatiently, listening and -wondering. His orders were not being carried out, even in part. Finally, -becoming nervous, he went in search of Polk, Hill and Breckinridge. He -was determined to find the cause for delay. It seems that everyone but -the right one had received their orders. Hill claimed he had no -knowledge of Bragg’s plan, although his division commanders had received -their orders. Some of the Confederates had not had their breakfast, -although it was considerably past the breakfast hour. None of the troops -were in position for battle as had been ordered. This necessitated a -great deal of rearrangement in the lines. It is a known fact that Hill -did not approve of Polk being in a higher command than himself. Hill -insisted that he was senior to Polk in his rank. Possibly this caused -the delay in resuming the battle. About 9:00 o’clock, the Confederate -right was thrown forward against the Union left. The logworks were too -strong for the Confederates. Time and again they charged, to be driven -back with severe losses. This fighting was at very close range. Helm’s -brigade was almost shattered, and while engaged in this desperate -struggle, the commander, Brig.-Gen. Ben Hardin Helm of Kentucky was -mortally wounded. Helm was a brother-in-law of President Lincoln’s wife. -However, fragments of his brigade, in addition to Adams and Stovall, -gained the left and rear of the Union left and entered the Kelley field. -Later they were repulsed. Gradually the battle rolled from right to left -along the Confederate line. Longstreet, near the Confederate center, was -opposite the Brotherton house. About 11:15 A. M., a gap was created in -the Union center when Wood’s division, through the misunderstanding of -an order issued by Rosecrans, withdrew from the line and marched to the -left and rear of Brannan. - - [Illustration: View from Point Lookout overlooking Moccasin Bend - with Chattanooga in background.] - - [Illustration: The famous Umbrella Rock, Lookout Mountain] - -Longstreet, with eight brigades, forced their way through, throwing the -right and right center of the Union line back in confusion. Rosecrans, -McCook and Crittenden left the field. A great many of the troops under -the latter named two left the field. Some few of them later rallied and -remained on the field during the afternoon. Gen. Thomas, then being the -senior officer on the field, immediately assumed command. Holding a -pivot with the extreme left of his line, the right end moved back until -it reached Snodgrass hill. This gave him an almost impregnable position. -With this newly formed east-west line he could check the advance of the -Confederates and also cover Rosecrans’ retreat. The Confederates, upon -crossing the road, changed front with their artillery. Their infantry -swept around like a large gate on hinges. By almost continuous -advancing, the Confederates reached the south side of Snodgrass hill -where they established their line. Within less than an hour from the -time of the break in the Union line, three other brigade commanders lost -their lives. Near the Confederate right, Col. Peyton H. Colquitt, 46th -Georgia Infantry, was mortally wounded about noon. Colquitt commanded -Gist’s brigade of Walker’s division. Lt.-Col. Leroy Napier assumed -command of Colquitt’s brigade. A short distance to the south, Brig.-Gen. -James Deshler of Texas was killed about the same time. Deshler commanded -a brigade in Cleburne’s division. His command was taken over by Col. -Roger Q. Mills. Farther to the southwest in the Union line, Brig.-Gen. -William H. Lytle, the Cincinnati soldier-poet, was killed while trying -to rally his brigade against the Confederate sweep to the north. Lytle -commanded the 1st brigade of Sheridan’s division. His command was taken -over by Col. Silas Miller of the 36th Illinois Infantry. - - - THE PEAK OF THE BATTLE - -By 2:00 P. M. the battle was raging on Snodgrass hill. This fighting was -at very close range and a great deal was hand-to-hand struggling. The -Confederates kept charging up the slopes, making every effort to drive -the Union troops from their position. They were never able to carry the -hill. A few of the Confederates passed over the hill to the right of the -Union line. They moved to the rear of Brannan and entered the valley -beyond his position. About 3.00 P. M., when the fighting reached its -peak, Longstreet sent to Bragg for re-enforcements from the right wing. -However, he never received them. On the contrary, he was told by Bragg -that the troops of the right wing had been beaten back so badly that -they would be of no service to him. There were Confederates in reserve -which had scarcely been engaged, if Longstreet could only have gotten -them. Along the Union line, it was quite different. At 3:30 P. M., -Steedman’s division of Granger’s reserve corps came to Thomas’s -assistance. These re-enforcements consisted of Mitchell’s and Whitaker’s -brigades. They drove the Confederates from the rear of Brannan, -strengthened and prolonged the Union line westward. They also passed out -ammunition along the line. While the fighting was so severe the woods -caught on fire. This was caused by the artillery firing so low. Hundreds -of the soldiers, both Union and Confederate, were burned and scorched -beyond recognition. Steedman no doubt saved Thomas from having to -retreat from the hill since the latter’s ammunition supply was -completely exhausted. It was at this point that Thomas gained the name -of “The Rock of Chickamauga.” - - - THE CLOSE OF THE BATTLE - -At 4:45 P. M., Thomas received orders from Rosecrans directing him to -withdraw. The withdrawal was not started at this time. There had been -severe fighting in the Kelley field during the afternoon. At 5:00 P. M. -Col. Edward A. King, 68th Indiana Infantry, was killed in the southeast -corner of this field. King commanded the 2nd brigade of Reynolds -division. He was the last of the eight brigade commanders who lost their -lives on the Chickamauga battlefield. Col. Milton S. Robinson assumed -command of his brigade. About 7:00 P. M., Thomas began to withdraw. The -Confederates had gained possession of the LaFayette road to the left and -rear of the Union line. Since Thomas wanted to re-establish his lines -between Bragg and Chattanooga, the withdrawal was made via McFarland Gap -to Rossville; then south on the Chattanooga-LaFayette highway to -Rossville Gap and Missionary Ridge. Fortifications were thrown up along -this portion of the ridge to keep the Confederates in check. The Union -line also extended across Chattanooga Valley and up the slopes of -Lookout Mountain. Thomas held this line along Missionary Ridge -throughout Monday, the 21st. During the night they abandoned this -position and moved into Chattanooga. Thus ended the battle of -Chickamauga. - -There were approximately 124,000 troops engaged at Chickamauga. Of this -number, there were 58,000 Union soldiers and 66,000 Confederates. During -the two-day battle, there were 34,000 casualties. Of these casualties, -there were 16,000 Union; 18,000 Confederates. - -The Union army had lost the battle of Chickamauga. Still they had -reached their objective—Chattanooga. Bragg’s plan was to attack the -Union troops in Chattanooga on the morning of the 22nd. However, this -failed to materialize. After some light skirmishing it was decided to -call off this attack due to the Union troops being too strongly -entrenched. The Union army was still holding their line up Lookout -Mountain. Soon this line was abandoned since they realized that Bragg -would only have to place forces at any point below in order to have -control of the river line of supplies. - - - REORGANIZATION OF THE ARMIES - -Both Rosecrans and Bragg immediately started a reorganization of their -armies. The Confederate army was divided into three corps, the commands -being given to Longstreet, Hardee and Breckinridge. These three corps -had a total of 10 divisions. Wheeler was in command of the cavalry. On -the Union side, McCook and Crittenden were removed from their commands -of the 20th and 21st Army Corps. These two corps were consolidated into -the 4th and Granger was given the command. The Reserve Corps which was -formerly commanded by Granger was consolidated into the 14th Army Corps, -Maj.-Gen. John M. Palmer, commanding. The Union army at this time had -six divisions, commanded by Baird, Cruft, Davis, Johnson, Sheridan and -Wood. The Artillery Reserve was commanded by Brannan. This latter force -consisted of two divisions, each with two brigades. Col. Parkhurst -commanded the Post of Chattanooga. - - [Illustration: Ochs Memorial Observatory, Lookout Mountain] - - [Illustration: Roper’s Rock. Lookout Mountain - Ladder represents where the Union troops reached the top.] - - - - - THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA - - -Bragg was determined to lay siege to the city and force the Union army -into surrendering by starvation. While the Union army was strongly -entrenching their positions in Chattanooga, the Confederates were -establishing their lines on Missionary Ridge, east of the city, and -Lookout Mountain, southwest of the city. A strong picket line was placed -along the river from Chattanooga Creek to a point below Williams Island, -including Brown’s Ferry. Another similar line was placed from just below -the city to a point near the mouth of the Chickamauga Creek. A skirmish -line was thrown out about one mile in front of Missionary Ridge. A short -range of hills, of which Orchard Knob was the highest, was covered by -this skirmish line. These Confederate positions controlled all supply -lines south of the river, which meant railroads, highway and the river -itself. The Union army was soon in dire straits. The only route which -was left open was to cross the river north of the city, then cross -Walden’s Ridge or Signal Mountain; thence down the Sequatchie Valley to -Bridgeport and Stevenson. This route was about 65 miles long and most of -it was mountainous roads. The fall rains had set in and this route was -almost impassable. The Union supply wagons were easy prey for the -Confederate cavalry which had been dispatched north of the river to -conduct raids. Wheeler captured dozens of the supply wagons, killing the -horses and burning the wagons. The Union base of supplies was -Nashville—160 miles distant by very rough roads. Cattle were driven all -this distance in many instances to feed the hungry soldiers. By the time -the cattle reached Chattanooga (if they did not die enroute), they were -so poor that the Union troops often remarked that they had nothing to -eat but “hard tack” and “dried beef on the hoof.” To say the Union -soldiers were in destitute circumstances would be a mild way of -expressing their actual condition. Half rations, then quarter rations -and less. At times the soldiers only had a little raw corn to eat. -Finally it was necessary to place a sentry at the horse troughs in order -to keep the soldiers from taking the grain which was fed to a few choice -mounts. Even then, the Union army lost between 12,000 and 15,000 of -their finest horses and mules from starvation. The troops were in a -starved, sickened condition, and very low in spirits. No doubt they -thought they were doomed, and that no one would come to their rescue -before they starved. However, in this surmise, to their great joy, they -were mistaken. It had been practically a month since their defeat at -Chickamauga, but let us review a little to see what was being done to -relieve this besieged army. Almost immediately after the battle of -Chickamauga, Gen. Grant started Gen. Sherman from Vicksburg with four -divisions (Army of the Tennessee) to the assistance of Rosecrans. These -re-enforcements consisted of the 1st, 2nd and 4th divisions of the 15th -Army Corps, commanded by Brig.-Generals Peter J. Osterhaus, Morgan L. -Smith and Hugh Ewing, respectively. Also the 2nd division of the 17th -Army Corps, commanded by Brig.-Gen. John E. Smith. Thirteen brigades -were represented by Sherman’s re-enforcements. - - [Illustration: Steamboat Being Warped Through “The Suck” Before the - Dam at Hale’s Bar was built in the Tennessee] - -A detachment from the Army of the Potomac consisting of the 11th and -12th Army Corps, commanded by Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker, were sent from -Virginia to help lift the siege. The 11th corps was commanded by -Maj.-Gen. O. W. Howard. Howard had the 2nd and 3rd divisions, commanded -by Brig.-Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr and Maj.-Gen. Carl Schurz, -respectively. The 12th corps, commanded by Maj.-Gen. Henry W. Slocum, -had the 1st and 2nd divisions, commanded by Brig.-Generals Alpheus S. -Williams and John W. Geary, respectively. Twelve brigades were -represented by Hooker’s re-enforcements. Hooker’s troops left Virginia -on September 25th. These troops came by the B. and O. Railroad via -Indianapolis, Louisville, Nashville and Bridgeport. The advance of this -column reached Bridgeport September 30th. They were supposed to have -helped to reopen the Tennessee River the next day. This was impossible -due to his supply trains not being here at that time. Rosecrans had -devised a plan whereby the river supply line could be opened up. His -plan was to seize Brown’s Ferry from Chattanooga, and bring Hooker -forward into Lookout Valley at the same time. The execution of this plan -only awaited completion of pontoon-boats for the necessary bridge. When -they were ready, Wheeler made another raid north of the river, delaying -the Union troops again. The date for the execution of this movement was -then set for October 19th. On this date Rosecrans personally selected -the site for throwing the bridge. It has been reported that Rosecrans -rowed a boat himself. When he returned to his headquarters he found -orders relieving him, and placing Thomas in command. On October 23rd, -Gen. Grant arrived in Chattanooga. He approved of Rosecrans’ plan and -ordered it executed at once. Thomas at once repeated Rosecrans’ order to -Hooker, ordering him forward into Lookout Valley. Hooker’s supply trains -reached him October 26th. He left Bridgeport on the 27th, reaching -Brown’s Ferry the next day. In the meantime, during the night of the -26th, a part of two Union brigades marched across Moccasin Point, -concealing themselves near Brown’s Ferry. About 3:00 A. M. of the 27th, -there were 50 pontoon-boats placed in the Tennessee River, each carrying -30 men. These boats floated down the river under cover of darkness, -rounding Moccasin Point unobserved by the Confederate pickets. By a -quick crossing from the north bank to the south bank, they took the -Confederates by surprise and soon captured this position. The -pontoon-boats were then leashed together, forming a bridge across the -river. At this time the troops which had marched to this point crossed -and joined the others on the south bank. - - [Illustration: Military Bridge, Tennessee River, 1863] - - - BATTLE OF WAUHATCHIE - -After Hooker’s arrival in Lookout Valley during the afternoon of the -28th, Geary’s division stopped at Wauhatchie, four miles below the -northern point of Lookout Mountain. This was at a junction of the -Nashville and Trenton railroads. Generals Bragg and Longstreet stood on -Lookout and witnessed their arrival. About midnight Geary was attacked -by Jenkins’ division of Longstreet’s corps. The battle lasted until -about 3:30 A. M. Geary was reinforced by two brigades commanded by -Tyndale and Orland Smith. Then the Confederates withdrew across Lookout -Creek and onto the northern slopes of Lookout Mountain. This battle gave -the Union army complete control of all short supply lines. The -Confederates never made any further effort to regain control of this -short route. The starving troops in Chattanooga were hurriedly refitted -and Grant was only awaiting the arrival of Sherman before attacking the -Confederates in their strong positions. Meanwhile, the Confederates were -still clinging to their positions with the utmost confidence in holding -them. On November 4th, Longstreet was sent to Knoxville to oppose Gen. -Burnside. His command constituted about one-third of the Confederates. -Naturally his departure shattered the Confederate hope. - -On November 18th, Sherman arrived at Trenton. He moved to Brown’s Ferry -at once, crossing three of his divisions commanded by M. L. Smith, Ewing -and J. E. Smith. - -Osterhaus was unable to cross his division due to the breaking of the -bridge. He was then ordered to report to Hooker, which he did at once. -From November 21st to the 23rd, Sherman was in a concealed camp behind -Stringer’s Ridge, and near north Chickamauga Creek. His troops floated -pontoon boats down this stream into the Tennessee River. From the north -side of the river Sherman selected a high hill on the south bank which -he thought was the north end of Missionary Ridge. - - - GEN. GRANT’S PLAN OF BATTLE - -Grant had ordered an attack against the Confederates on the 21st. Due to -bad roads, Sherman was unable to reach here by that time. When the -battle did open on the 23rd, it was not according to plan. Under Grant’s -original plan, Hooker was to hold Lookout Valley with Geary’s and -Cruft’s divisions. The 11th corps was to be brought into Chattanooga to -assist either Sherman or Thomas. Sherman was to cross the river at the -mouth of the Chickamauga Creek during the night of the 23rd, and carry -Missionary Ridge as far south as the tunnel, which at this time was not -occupied by the Confederates. When Sherman reached this position, Thomas -was to move to the left, connect with Sherman’s right, sweep up the -valley and crowd the Confederates from their depot at Chickamauga -Station, Tennessee, their communications and positions on the ridge. The -battle did not progress as planned. - - - CAPTURE OF ORCHARD KNOB - -On November 23rd, reports reached Grant’s headquarters to the effect -that Confederates had been seen retreating from Missionary Ridge. This -was Buckner’s Corps leaving for Knoxville to assist Longstreet. Grant at -once ordered an attack against Orchard Knob, the outpost of the -Confederates in front of Missionary Ridge. Thomas, with five divisions, -charged out against this position, soon capturing it. The Confederate -pickets moved back to the base of the ridge. Grant then established his -field headquarters at this newly acquired point immediately, where the -entire Confederate line could be seen. - - - BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN - -Hooker’s command had been assigned to Thomas who had obtained permission -for Hooker to make a demonstration against the left of the Confederate -line on Lookout Mountain. During the night of the 23rd, Sherman crossed -the Tennessee River near the present site of the Chickamauga Dam. He -reached the hill he had selected before crossing. He made no effort to -dislodge the Confederates during the 24th. His position was not on the -north end of the ridge as he thought it to be. A deep ravine separated -him from the main north end of the ridge. From this position, the -Confederates could be seen to the south. Early on the morning of the -24th, Hooker left Wauhatchie, moving northward to within two miles of -the point of the mountain. His troops climbed the slopes to the foot of -the palisades, made a march northward until they were near the point. -They were then joined by Osterhaus’ division which came directly up the -northern slopes of the mountain. They were met with a sharp volley of -fire from the Confederates as they emerged from the woods. The -Confederates had two entrenched lines running from the foot of the -cliffs to the river. They were driven out of the first line into an open -field—the Craven’s farm. Here the fighting was desperate and the -casualties were very heavy. The Craven’s house was used as the -Confederate headquarters. The Confederates withdrew to their second line -of entrenchments. While in this latter position the battle ended. The -sharp-shooters and the two Confederate batteries on top were of little -value during the battle. The Union soldiers never reached the top of the -mountain during the battle, nor did they make any effort to. Therefore, -there was no fighting on top of the mountain. It was so foggy during the -day that the artillerymen or sharpshooters on the top were unable to see -the troops on the slopes. The artillery could not have been depressed -sufficiently to reach the Union troops at the foot of the cliffs—almost -directly under them. It was the troops on top that nicknamed this battle -the “Battle Above the Clouds.” The Confederates were outnumbered at -least four to one during this battle. They were in danger of being -surrounded, so during the night Bragg ordered the withdrawal of all -troops from the top, the slopes and Chattanooga Valley. By daylight of -the 25th, all of the Confederates were on Missionary Ridge to strengthen -and prolong their lines at that point. - -The withdrawal of the Confederates from Lookout Mountain left the Union -forces in complete control of this point. At sunrise on the morning of -the 25th, there were volunteers from the 96th Illinois and 8th Kentucky -Infantry who scaled the rock palisades and reached the top of the -mountain. They moved to the extreme northern point where they planted -their flag of victory. A series of stairways has been erected to mark -the exact route by which these Union troops climbed out on top of the -mountain. - - - THE BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE - -At this time Sherman was in position to attack the right end of the -Confederate line. Thomas was in front of the center and Hooker was -opposite the left end. About 7:30 A. M., Sherman opened the battle -against the right end with heavy artillery fire. The Confederates of -Cleburne’s, Stevenson’s and Cheatham’s divisions were so strongly -entrenched that he was unable to drive them from their positions. About -10:30, Hooker was ordered forward across the Chattanooga Valley to -attack the left end. The Confederates had destroyed the bridge across -Chattanooga Creek and Hooker was delayed at least three hours in -reaching Rossville. He then moved via Rossville Gap against the -Confederate left. While these movements were being carried out by -Sherman and Hooker, Thomas was to charge out against the Confederate -rifle pits at the base of the ridge. With this latter movement it was -thought the Confederates would be drawn toward the center from both -ends, thereby giving Sherman and Hooker more chance of success toward -turning the ends. Some of Hooker’s troops crossed to the east side of -the ridge; some moved along the crest, and others remained on the west -side of the ridge. At 3:30 P. M., Thomas, with the troops which had -carried Orchard Knob on the 23rd, charged out against the Confederate -rifle pits. After a short battle, the Confederates started their retreat -up the ridge. Thomas’ men pursued without orders, both the Union and -Confederate troops reaching the crest of the ridge about the same time. -The Confederate artillery on top of the ridge was forced to fire high -since their own troops were between their artillery and the Union forces -which were following them. For at least two miles along the central -portion of the ridge, a severe hand-to-hand battle took place. Never in -the entire Civil War did troops fight any harder than they did at this -point. The casualties were heavy on both sides. Finally, the Confederate -center was broken in several places and the center and left end started -to retreat southward. At nightfall, Bragg ordered the right of the -Confederate line to withdraw and cover the general retreat. As the -Confederates were retreating, it is reported that their own artillery -was turned upon them. The Confederates moved south via Chickamauga -Station, Tennessee, thence to Ringgold, Georgia, where they stopped to -offer battle again on November 27th. They retreated to Dalton, Georgia, -where they went into winter quarters on December 1st. Gen. Bragg was -removed from his command the next day. Gen. Hardee was offered the -command but declined, although he accepted temporary charge until -December 16th. At that time Gen. Joseph E. Johnston assumed command—a -position he held until July 17, 1864, when he was replaced by Gen. John -B. Hood. The Union troops moved back to Chattanooga where they -entrenched their position and went into winter quarters, thus -successfully ending the Chattanooga campaign. The city remained in -possession of the Union army until the close of the war. - - [Illustration: Confederate Battery atop Lookout Mountain] - -It is estimated that Grant had 60,000 troops engaged in the battle of -Chattanooga. Bragg had approximately 40,000 troops. Of the 60,000 Union -troops, Sherman had 28,000; Thomas 22,000; Hooker 10,000. The casualties -for the three-day battle were: Union, 5,824; Confederate, 6,667. - - - ADDENDA - -As a reward for the Union victory at the battle of Chattanooga, both -Grant and Sherman were promoted. First, on March 9, 1864, Grant was -promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General. On March 12, 1864, he was -placed in command of all the Union forces throughout the United States. -The order which placed Grant in this latter position was presented to -him by President Lincoln. At this time Sherman was in Nashville, -Tennessee. Grant left Washington immediately to join Sherman. Before -leaving Washington, Grant had recommended the appointment of Sherman to -his late position. On March 18, 1864, Sherman assumed command of the -Military Division of the Mississippi—Grant’s former command. This -embraced the Departments of the Ohio, Cumberland, Tennessee and Arkansas -commanded by Major-Generals Schofield, Thomas, McPherson and Steele, -respectively. Grant left Nashville on the night of the 18th, going east -to take over his new command. He was accompanied by Sherman as far as -Cincinnati in order that they might discuss some private details as to -future plans. Sherman returned to Nashville on March 25th. On April -28th, Sherman moved his headquarters to Chattanooga. On May 5th, Sherman -left Chattanooga on the Atlanta Campaign. The movement of his army -followed the exact route which Highway No. 41 follows today from -Chattanooga to Atlanta, with battles and skirmishes all along the way. -After the fall of Atlanta on September 2, 1864, Sherman made final -preparations for his “March to the Sea.” Leaving Atlanta November 16th, -his army moved southward to Savannah, the Union forces entering this -city December 22nd. On February 1, 1865, Sherman left Savannah on the -Carolina Campaign which carried him through North and South Carolina. He -then joined Grant in Virginia, the Civil War soon came to a close. - - [Illustration: Decorative glyph] - - - - - HEAVIEST REGIMENTAL LOSSES—HERE AND ELSEWHERE - - -At the battle of Chickamauga, the 22nd Michigan Infantry lost 58. - -At Lookout Mountain, the 149th N. Y. Infantry lost 10. - -At Missionary Ridge, the 15th Indiana Infantry lost 24. - -At the battle of Gettysburg (Pa.), the 24th Michigan Infantry (Union) -lost 69 men, while the 26th North Carolina (Confederate) lost 86. - -At Vicksburg (Mississippi), the 4th West Virginia, and the 22nd Iowa -(both Union), lost 27 men each. - -During the Civil War, there were 10 regiments which in various battles -lost 75 men or more. They are as follows: - - Regiment and Battle Number Killed - 6th Alabama Infantry at Fair Oaks, Va. 91 - 1st Maine Heavy Artillery at Petersburg, Va. 90 - 26th North Carolina Infantry at Gettysburg, Pa. 86 - 1st South Carolina Rifles at Gains Mill, Va. 86 - 1st Maine Heavy Artillery at Spotsylvania, Va. 81 - 8th New York Infantry at Cold Harbor, Va. 80 - 5th New York Infantry at Manassas, Va. 79 - 70th New York Infantry at Williamsburg, Va. 79 - 1st Missouri Infantry (Union) at Wilson’s Creek, Va. 76 - 23rd U. S. Colored at Petersburg Mine, Va. 75 - -New York led all other states in the number of troops which they -furnished the Union army. The 10 leaders are as follows: - - New York 448,850 - Pennsylvania 337,936 - Ohio 313,180 - Illinois 259,092 - Indiana 196,363 - Massachusetts 146,730 - Missouri[1] 109,111 - Wisconsin 91,327 - Michigan 87,364 - New Jersey 76,814 - Iowa 76,242 - Kentucky[1] 75,670 - - -[1]Divided states. - - -The leading Union and Confederate officers who were in the battles of -Chickamauga, or Chattanooga, or both, are as follows: - - - UNION - - Gen. Ulysses S. Grant - Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans - Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman - Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas - Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker - Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger - Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden - Maj. Gen. Alexander McD. McCook - - - CONFEDERATE - - Gen. Braxton Bragg - Lt. Gen. James Longstreet - Maj.-Gen. Simon B. Buckner - Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk - Brig. Gen. John B. Hood - Brig. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest - Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler - Lt. Gen. Daniel H. Hill - -In order that you may know where these high-ranking officers were from, -the following offers an accurate account: - - - UNION - - 1. Gen. Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1822. - Died in Mt. McGregor (near Saratoga), N. Y., July 23, 1885. - 2. Gen. Rosecrans was born in Kingston, Ohio, Sept. 6, 1818. - Died in Redondo, California, March 11, 1898. - 3. Gen. Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, Feb. 8, 1820. - Died in New York, Feb. 14, 1891. - 4. Gen. Thomas was born in Southhampton Co., Va., July 31, 1816. - Died in San Francisco, California, March 28, 1870. - 5. Gen. Hooker was born in Hadley, Mass., Nov. 13, 1814. - Died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 6, 1872. - 6. Gen. Granger was born in New York, N. Y., in 1821. - Died in Santa Fe., New Mexico, Jan. 10, 1876. - 7. Gen. Crittenden was born in Russellville, Ky., May 15, 1815. - Died in Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 23, 1893. - 8. Gen. McCook was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, April 22, 1831. - Died in Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1903. - - - CONFEDERATES - - 1. Gen. Bragg was born in Warren Co., N. C., March 22, 1817. - Died in Galveston, Texas, Sept. 27, 1876. - 2. Gen. Longstreet was born in Edgefield District, S. C., Jan. 8, - 1821. - Died in Gainesville, Georgia, Jan. 2, 1904. - 3. Gen. Hood was born in Owingsville, Ky., June 1, 1831. - Died in New Orleans, La., Aug. 30, 1879. - 4. Gen. Buckner was born in Munfordville, Ky., April 1, 1823. - Died at same place Jan. 8, 1914. - 5. Gen. Polk was born in Raleigh, N. C., April 10, 1806. - Killed by a cannon-ball on Pine Mt., near Marietta, Ga., June 14, - 1864. - 6. Gen. Forrest was born near Chapel Hill, Tenn., July 13, 1821. - Died in Memphis, Tenn., Oct. 29, 1877. - 7. Gen. Wheeler was born in Augusta, Ga., Sept. 10, 1836. - Died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 25, 1906. - 8. Gen. Daniel H. Hill was born in Hill’s Iron Work, York District, S. - C., July 12, 1821. - Died in Charlotte, N. C., Sept. 25, 1889. - - - - - CIVIL WAR PRISONS - - -While there were numerous Civil War Prisons, both in the North and -South, it is believed that the following were the most prominent: - - NORTHERN PRISONS - Name Location - - Camp Chase Columbus, Ohio - Camp Morton Indianapolis, Indiana - Elmira Prison Barracks Elmira, New York - Fort Delaware In Delaware River - Fort Lafayette New York, N. Y. - Fort McHenry Baltimore, Maryland - - SOUTHERN PRISONS - Name Location - - Andersonville Prison Andersonville, Georgia - Libby Prison Richmond, Virginia - Belle Isle In James River—Near Richmond, Va. - Camp Lawton Millen, Georgia - Castle Pickney Charleston, South Carolina - Camp Ford Tyler, Texas - - - - - DID YOU KNOW THAT... - - -The first shot in the Civil War was fired upon the steamer “Star of the -West” off Charleston Harbor, S. C., on Jan. 9, 1861. However, this was -more than three months before the war officially started. - -The Civil War started with the bombardment of Fort Sumter, S. C., at -4:30 A. M., April 12, 1861. - -The first Southern blood was shed on the streets of Baltimore, Md., on -April 19, 1861. - -The First Confederate Congress was formed in Montgomery, Ala., on Feb. -4, 1861. - -Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was elected President of the -Confederacy on Feb. 9, 1861. Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia was -elected Vice-President. The inauguration was on Feb. 18, 1861. - -President Lincoln freed the slaves on Sept. 22, 1862. - -The Gatling gun was patented Nov. 4, 1862. - -The First Colored Regiment was formed Jan. 25, 1863. - -South Carolina was the first state to secede; North Carolina was the -last. South Carolina seceded from the Union on Dec. 20, 1860. The other -states followed in this order: Florida on Jan. 7, 1861; Mississippi on -Jan. 9, 1861; Alabama on Jan. 11, 1861; Georgia on Jan. 19, 1861; -Louisiana on Jan. 26, 1861; Texas on Feb. 1, 1861; Virginia on April 17, -1861; Tennessee on May 6, 1861; Arkansas on May 18, 1861, and North -Carolina on May 21, 1861. - -There were more battles fought in Virginia than in any other state. It -is reported that more than 400 battles and actions were fought there. -The second largest number was fought in Tennessee. - -The most eventful “holiday” in the Civil War was July 4, 1863. On this -particular date the Tullahoma Campaign ended; the Union army was -victorious at Gettysburg and Vicksburg fell. - -Pickett’s famous charge at Gettysburg was the most colorful event of the -Civil War. - -Ohio furnished almost one-third of the Union troops at the battles of -Chickamauga and Chattanooga. - -General Robert E. Lee was once offered the command of all the Union -forces in the United States, but he declined the offer. - -Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, one of the South’s ablest commanders, -resigned the Colonelcy of the 2nd U. S. Cavalry to enter the service of -the Confederacy. Gen. Johnston was killed at the Battle of Shiloh. - -There were approximately 87,000 men who hired their fighting done. This -number, whom were drafted, paid commutation and were exempted from -service. - -There were almost an even 100,000 of the U. S. Colored Troops whom were -recruited from the Confederate States. - -About 250 of the Regular U. S. Volunteers were ex-Confederate soldiers. - -All of the Confederate States had troops in the Union Army. The data -below will furnish proof of this statement: - -Alabama—1 Regiment Heavy Artillery; 2 Regiments of Cavalry; 1 Co. of - Cavalry; 2 Regiments of Infantry. - -Arkansas—2 Batteries of Light Artillery; 4 Regiments of Cavalry; 1 Co. - of Cavalry; 1 Infantry Battalion; 1 Co. of Infantry; 9 Regiments - of Infantry. - -Florida—1 Battery of Light Artillery; 3 Regiments of Cavalry; 1 Co. of - Infantry. - -Georgia—1 Infantry Battalion. - -Louisiana—1 Regiment of Heavy Artillery; 1 Battery of Light Artillery; 4 - Regiments of Light Artillery; 1 Co. of Cavalry; 3 Regiments of - Cavalry; 18 Regiments of Infantry. - -Mississippi—2 Regiments of Heavy Artillery; 2 Regiments of Cavalry; 2 - Cos. of Cavalry; 9 Regiments of Infantry. - -North Carolina—1 Regiment of Heavy Artillery; 7 Regiments of Infantry. - -South Carolina—5 Regiments of Infantry (all Colored). - -Texas—1 Battalion of Cavalry; 2 Regiments of Cavalry; 3 Cos. of - Infantry. - -Virginia—1 Battalion of Cavalry; 1 Regiment of Infantry; 1 Co. of - Infantry. - -There were four states which were considered “divided” states, namely: -Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri and Maryland. Tennessee furnished more -Confederate troops than Union troops. The others furnished more Union -troops than Confederates. - -The highest regimental number of the Civil War was furnished by the -State of Pennsylvania, being the 215th. Ohio was second with 197: New -York third with 193, while Illinois and Indiana tied for fourth place -with 156 each. - -West Point Academy was founded on March 16, 1802. - -The U. S. Naval Academy opened October 10, 1845. - -The Mexican War started on March 28, 1846. - -The most daring and useless episode of the Civil War was performed by -Andrews and his raiders when they stole the engine “General.” This feat, -if it had been carried out in detail, would only have been temporary. -The tearing up of railroad bridges and the destruction of communication -lines was almost daily routine at one place or another. This historic -engine is now on display at the Union railroad station, Ninth and Broad -Streets, Chattanooga, Tennessee. - -The Chattanooga National Cemetery is the oldest National Cemetery in the -United States. There are soldiers buried in this cemetery as a result of -every war the United States has ever participated in, beginning with the -Revolutionary War. - -There are no Confederate soldiers buried in any National Cemetery. They -are buried in Confederate cemeteries or elsewhere. Two such cemeteries -are located in, and near Chattanooga. One is located on E. Third Street, -adjoining the Jewish Cemetery. The other is located on U. S. Highways -No. 11 and 64 at Silverdale, about 10 miles northeast of Chattanooga. - -Practically all of the Union and Confederate soldiers who were killed at -Chickamauga were buried on that battlefield for a period of about three -months. The troops were buried in separate trenches. Then they were -removed. The Union soldiers were re-buried in the National Cemetery in -Chattanooga. The Confederates were taken to Marietta, Georgia, where -they were reburied in the Confederate Cemetery. - - [Illustration: General Wilder’s Monument, Chickamauga Battlefield] - - [Illustration: View of Lover’s Leap, Rock City Gardens, atop Lookout - Mountain] - -The last battle of the Civil War was fought near Palo Alto, Texas, on -May 13, 1865, more than a month after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox. -Col. Barrett commanded the Union troops; Gen. Slaughter the Confederate. -This battle resulted in a Confederate victory. - - - - - HISTORIC SITES IN CHATTANOOGA - - -There are numerous headquarters sites in Chattanooga today which were -very prominent during the Civil War. In order that you may know the -exact location of these sites, they are as follows: - -The headquarters of Gen. U. S. Grant and his successor, Gen. William T. -Sherman, is a frame house located at 110 East First Street, between -Walnut and Cherry streets. - -The northeast corner of Fourth and Walnut streets marks the headquarters -of Gen. James A. Garfield, Chief of Staff to Gen. Rosecrans, and Gen. -Joseph J. Reynolds, Chief of Staff to Gen. Thomas. - -Upon first occupation of Chattanooga by Union troops, Brig. Gen. George -D. Wagner established headquarters at 407 East Fifth Street. There is a -short post erected at this address to mark the site. - -Fort Sheridan was located at 1219 East Terrace. A shell pyramid has been -erected at this site. - -The Standpipe of the City Water Company of Chattanooga marks the center -of Fort Wood. - -A short post at 502 East Fifth Street marks the location of Lunette -O’Meara. - -Fort Milhalotzy was located on Cameron Hill. A stone gate post at 221 -Boynton Terrace marks the exact location. - -Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood, U. S. V., commanding the 3rd and 4th Army -Corps, had his headquarters at 504 Vine Street, where a short post is -today. - -The site of Fort Phelps (Negley) which was begun by the Confederates as -Fort Cheatham is located at 1706 Read Avenue. - -Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, C. S. A., commanding Cavalry Corps, had his -headquarters at 515 Douglas Street. - -At 309 West Sixth Street you will see a long post which marks the -headquarters of Lt. Gen. Daniel C. Hill, C. S. A., command corps, and -later this same site was used by Maj. Gen. John M. Palmer, U. S. V., -commanding 14th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland. - -Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge, C. S. A., commanding a division, had his -headquarters at 415 Poplar Street. - -Battery Smartt, Confederate work of Cheatham’s division, was located at -10 Bluff View, where a concrete post has been erected. - -Gen. Bragg’s headquarters in 1862 were at 407 East Fifth Street. - -The southeast corner of Fifth and Walnut streets is the Signal Hill site -of Redoubt Putnam, south salient of Fort Sherman. - -The Crutchfield House was located where the Ninth Street entrance to the -Read House is today. - -The 10th Ohio Volunteer Infantry was camped at 654 Houston Street. -Incidentally, this is where the first shell fired from Lookout Mountain -exploded. - -The Custom House lawn on East Eleventh Street marks the location of -Redoubt Jones’ (Hazen) headquarters. - -Battery Bushnell was located at the northeast corner of Battery Place -and Linsay streets. - -Brig. Gen. John M. Brannan, Chief of Artillery, Army of the Cumberland, -had his headquarters at 302 Walnut Street. - -Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird, U. S. V., commanding 14th Army Corps, was -located on the south side of West Ninth Street, between East Terrace and -Cedar Streets. A long post at this address marks the site. - -The College building which accommodated 100 wounded soldiers was located -on the northeast corner West Eleventh and Cedar streets. - - - - - ORGANIZATION OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES AT CHICKAMAUGA - - - UNION - -The Army of the Cumberland (Union) commanded by Maj. Gen. William S. -Rosecrans, consisted of the following: - - 14th Army Corps Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas - 20th Army Corps Maj. Gen. Alexander McD. McCook - 21st Army Corps Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden - Cavalry Corps Brig. Gen. Robert B. Mitchell - Reserve Corps Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger - - Thomas had 4 divisions, commanded by Baird, Negley, Brannan and - Reynolds. - Baird had 3 brigades, commanded by Scribner, Starkweather and John - H. King. - Negley had 3 brigades, commanded by John Beatty, Stanley and - Sirwell. - Brannan had 3 brigades, commanded by Connell, Croxton and Van - Derveer. - Reynolds had 3 brigades, commanded by Wilder, Edward A. King and - Turchin. - McCook had 3 divisions, commanded by Jefferson C. Davis, Richard W. - Johnson and Sheridan. - Davis had 3 brigades, commanded by Post, Carlin and Heg. - Johnson had 3 brigades, commanded by Willich, Dodge and Baldwin. - Sheridan had 3 brigades, commanded by Lytle, Laiboldt and Bradley. - Crittenden had 3 divisions, commanded by Thomas J. Wood, Palmer and - Van Cleve. - Wood had 3 brigades, commanded by Geo. P. Buell, Wagner and Harker. - Palmer had 3 brigades, commanded by Cruft, Hazen and Gross. - Van Cleve had 3 brigades, commanded by Sam Beatty, Dick and Barnes. - Granger had 1 division, commanded by Steedman, consisting of 2 - brigades, commanded by Whitaker and Mitchell. The 2nd - brigade of Morgan’s division commanded by Daniel McCook, - also participated in the battle. - Mitchell had 2 divisions, commanded by Edward M. McCook and Crook. - McCook had 3 brigades, commanded by Campbell, Ray and Watkins. - Crook had 2 brigades, commanded by Minty and Long. - -Of these 38 brigades, 36 were engaged. Post’s brigade was guarding -supply trains. Wagner’s brigade was stationed at Chattanooga during the -battle. Wilder’s brigade was detached and serving as mounted infantry. -There were two regiments not engaged. The 9th Michigan Infantry and the -38th Ohio Infantry were guarding trains and performing Provost Duty. The -39th Indiana Infantry also served as mounted infantry (being detached). - - - CONFEDERATE - -The Army of Tennessee, commanded by Gen. Braxton Bragg, consisted of the -following: - - Buckner’s Corps - Hill’s Corps - Longstreet’s (Hood’s) Corps - Polk’s Corps - Walker’s (Reserve) Corps - Forrest’s (Cavalry) Corps - Wheeler’s (Cavalry) Corps - - Buckner had 2 divisions, commanded by Stewart and Preston. - Stewart had 3 brigades, commanded by Bates, Clayton and Brown. - Preston had 3 brigades, commanded by Gracie, Trigg and Kelly. - Hill had 2 divisions, commanded by Cleburne and Breckinridge. - Cleburne had 3 brigades, commanded by Wood, Polk and Deshler. - Breckinridge had 3 brigades, commanded by Helm, Adams and Stovall. - Longstreet had 3 divisions, commanded by McLaws, Hood and Johnson. - McLaw’s had 4 brigades, commanded by Kershaw, Wofford, Humphreys and - Bryan. - Hood had 5 brigades, commanded by Jenkins, Law, Robertson, - Anderson-Benning. - Johnson had 3 brigades, commanded by Gregg, McNair and Johnson. - Polk had 2 divisions, commanded by Cheatham and Hindman. - Cheatham had 5 brigades, commanded by Jackson, Maney, Smith, Wright - and Strahl. - Hindman had 3 brigades, commanded by Anderson, Deas and Manigault. - Walker had 2 divisions, commanded by Gist and Liddell. - Gist had 3 brigades, commanded by Colquitt, Ector and Wilson. - Liddell had 2 brigades, commanded by Govan and Walthall. - Forrest had 2 divisions, commanded by Armstrong and Pegram. - Armstrong had 2 brigades, commanded by James T. Wheeler and Dibrell. - Pegram had 2 brigades, commanded by Davidson and Scott. - Wheeler had 2 divisions, commanded by Wharton and Martin. - Wharton had 2 brigades, commanded by Crews and Harrison. - Martin had 2 brigades, commanded by Morgan and Russell. - - [Illustration: Point Park on Lookout Mountain is easily reached by - well paved highways.] - - [Illustration: The Old Man of the Mountain—Natural Rock, Lookout - Mountain] - -Of a total of 47 brigades (including 2 artillery brigades), 43 of them -were engaged. Bryan, Wofford and Jenkins did not arrive in time for -battle. Longstreet’s Artillery Corps failed to arrive in time for the -battle. - -Complete index of the Union and Confederate troops who participated in -the battles of Chickamauga, Chattanooga, or both. - - - UNION TROOPS - - - Connecticut - -Infantry—5th and 20th. - - - Illinois - -Infantry—10th, 13th, 16th, 19th, 21st, 22nd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, - 29th, 34th, 35th, 36th, 38th, 40th, 42nd, 44th, 48th, 51st, 55th, - 56th, 59th, 60th, 63rd, 73rd, 74th, 75th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 82nd, - 84th, 85th, 86th, 88th, 89th, 90th, 92nd, 93rd, 96th, 100th, - 101st, 103rd, 104th, 110th, 115th, 116th, 123rd, 125th, 127th. - -Artillery—Batteries, A, B, C, F, H, I, M, of 1st Illinois Light - Artillery. -Battery “I” of 2nd Illinois Light Artillery. -Bridges’ Battery of Illinois Light Artillery. -Chicago Board of Trade Battery. -Cogswell’s Illinois Battery. - -Cavalry—Co. K, 15th Illinois Cavalry. - - - Indiana - -Infantry—6th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 15th, 17th, 22nd, 27th, 29th, 30th, 31st, - 32nd, 35th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th, 42nd, 44th, 48th, 51st, - 52nd, 57th, 58th, 59th, 68th, 72nd, 74th, 75th, 79th, 81st, 82nd, - 83rd, 84th, 86th, 87th, 88th, 97th, 99th, 100th, 101st. - -Artillery—4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 18th, 19th, 21st, Batteries of - Indiana Light Artillery. - -Cavalry—2nd, 3rd, 4th. - - - Iowa - -Infantry—4th, 5th, 6th, 9th, 10th, 17th, 25th, 26th, 30th, 31st. - -Artillery—1st Battery of Iowa Light Artillery. - - - Kansas - -Infantry—8th. - - - Kentucky (Union) - -Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 15th, 17th, 18th, - 21st, 23rd. - -Cavalry—2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th. - - - Maine - -Infantry—1st Battalion 10th Infantry. - - - Maryland - -Infantry—3rd. - - - Massachusetts - -Infantry—2nd, 33rd. - - - Michigan - -Infantry—9th, 10th, 11th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 21st, 22nd. -1st Michigan Engineers. - -Cavalry—2nd, 4th. - -Artillery—Batteries “A” and “D” of 1st Light Artillery. - - - Minnesota - -Infantry—2nd, 4th. - -Artillery—2nd Battery of Minnesota Light Artillery. - - - Missouri (Union) - -Infantry—2nd, 3rd, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 15th, 17th, 24th, 26th, 27th, - 29th, 31st, 32nd. - -Artillery—Batteries “D” and “G” of 1st Light Artillery. Battery “F” of - 2nd Light Artillery. - - - New Jersey - -Infantry—13th, 33rd. - - - New York - -Infantry—8th (Independent Co.), 45th, 58th, 60th, 68th, 78th, 102nd, - 107th, 119th, 123rd, 134th, 136th, 137th, 141st, 143rd, 145th, - 149th, 150th, 154th. - -Artillery—Battery “I” of 1st Light Artillery. 13th Battery of Light - Artillery. - - - Ohio - -Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 13th, 14th, - 15th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 21st, 24th, 26th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 33rd, - 35th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 40th, 41st, 46th, 47th, 49th, 51st, 52nd, - 53rd, 54th, 55th, 57th, 59th, 61st, 64th, 65th, 66th, 69th, 70th, - 73rd, 74th, 76th, 80th, 82nd, 89th, 90th, 92nd, 93rd, 94th, 97th, - 98th, 99th, 101st, 105th, 108th, 113th, 121st, 124th, 125th. 1st - Battalion Sharpshooters. - -Artillery—Batteries A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, M, of 1st Ohio Light - Artillery. 4th, 6th, 18th, 20th Batteries of Ohio Light Artillery. - -Cavalry—1st, 3rd, 4th, 10th. - - - Pennsylvania - -Infantry—27th, 28th, 29th, 46th, 73rd, 75th, 77th, 78th, 79th, 109th, - 111th. - -Artillery—Batteries “B” and “E” of Pennsylvania Light Artillery. -Battery “B” of 26th Pennsylvania Independent Artillery. - -Cavalry—7th, 9th, 15th. - - - West Virginia - -Infantry—4th. - - - Wisconsin - -Infantry—1st, 3rd, 10th, 15th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 26th. - -Artillery—3rd, 5th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, Batteries of Light Artillery. -Company “C” of 1st Heavy Artillery. - -Cavalry—1st. - - - Tennessee (Union) - -Artillery—Battery “A” of 1st Tennessee Light Artillery. - -Cavalry—1st, 2nd. - - - U. S. Regulars - -Infantry—15th, 16th, 18th, 19th. -1st Battalion of 13th. - -Artillery—Batteries G, H, I, M of 4th U. S. Artillery. -Batteries H and K of 5th U. S. Artillery. - -Cavalry—4th. - - - CONFEDERATE TROOPS - - - Alabama - -Infantry—4th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, - 24th, 25th, 28th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 36th, 37th, 38th, - 39th, 40th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th, 48th, 50th, - 58th. 17th Battalion Sharpshooters; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Alabama - Battalions; 18th Alabama Battalion; Hilliard’s Legion; Stone’s - Battalion Sharpshooters. - -Cavalry—1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 51st, 53rd, Holloway’s Company Alabama - Cavalry; Lenoir’s Company Alabama Cavalry; Malone’s Regiment - Alabama Cavalry; Moreland’s Battalion Alabama Cavalry. - -Artillery—Dent’s Eufaula’s, Fowler’s, Garrity’s, Kolb’s, Lumsden’s, - Oliver’s, Semple’s and Water’s Alabama Batteries. - - - Arkansas - -Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 13th, 15th, 19th, 24th, - 25th, 31st. -4th Arkansas Battalion; 1st and 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles. - -Cavalry—3rd. - -Artillery—Calvert’s, Humphrey’s, Wiggins’ Arkansas Batteries. - - - Florida - -Infantry—1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 7th. - -Cavalry—1st (Dismounted). - -Artillery—McCant’s Florida Battery. - - - Georgia - -Infantry—1st Georgia (Confederate), 2nd, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, - 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 29th, 30th, 34th, 36th, - 37th, 39th, 40th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 46th, 47th, 50th, 51st, 52nd, - 53rd, 56th, 59th, 65th. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 8th Battalions - Sharpshooters; 26th Georgia Battalion: Cobbs’s and Phillip’s - Legion; 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th and 10th Confederates. - -Cavalry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th. - -Artillery—Corput’s, Dawson’s, Ferrell’s, Havis’, Howell’s, Massenburg’s, - Peeple’s, Rowan’s, Scogins’, Wolihin’s, York’s Georgia Batteries. - - [Illustration: THE “GENERAL” - It was stolen by Andrews’ Raiders. Now in Union Station, - Chattanooga, Tennessee] - - - Kentucky (Confederate) - -Infantry—2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th. John H. Morgan’s dismounted men. - -Cavalry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 9th. Clay’s, Jessee’s, Johnson’s Battalions - Cavalry. - -Artillery—Cobb’s and Graves’ Kentucky Batteries. - - - Louisiana - -Infantry—1st (Regulars), 13th, 16th, 19th, 20th, 25th. 4th and 14th - Battalions Sharpshooters. - -Cavalry—1st. Dreux’s and Greenleaf’s Company Louisiana Cavalry. - -Artillery—LeGardeur’s, Moody’s, Robinson’s (1 section), Slocomb’s - Louisiana Batteries. - - - Mississippi - -Infantry—5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 13th, 17th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 27th, - 29th, 30th, 32nd, 34th, 41st, 44th, 45th. Pound’s Battalion - Sharpshooters; 9th and 15th Battalions Sharpshooters. - -Cavalry—Foule’s Company Mississippi Cavalry. - -Artillery—Darden’s, Smith’s, Standford’s, Sweet’s, Mississippi - Batteries. -Warren’s Battery of Mississippi Light Artillery. - - - Missouri (Confederate) - -Infantry—None. - -Cavalry—None. - -Artillery—Barret’s and Bledsoe’s Missouri Batteries. - - - North Carolina - -Infantry—29th, 39th, 58th, 60th. - -Cavalry—6th. - -Artillery—None. - - - South Carolina - -Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 15th, 16th, 19th, - 24th. -3rd Battalion; 2nd South Carolina Rifles; Hampton’s Legion; Palmetto - Sharpshooters. - -Cavalry—None. - -Artillery—Culpepper’s, Ferguson’s, Fickling’s, James’ South Carolina - Batteries. - - - Tennessee (Confederate) - -Infantry—1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, - 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, - 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 35th, 37th, 38th, 39th, 41st, - 43rd, 44th, 45th, 47th, 48th, 50th, 51st, 52nd, 59th, 63rd, 154th. - 1st and 23rd Tennessee Battalions; Murray’s Tennessee Battalions; - 3rd and 4th Provisional Army; 24th Battalion Sharpshooters; - Dawson’s Battalion Sharpshooters; 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th - Confederates. - -Cavalry—1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th. Clark’s, - Jackson’s, Sanders’ Company Tennessee Cavalry; Hamilton’s and - Shaw’s Tennessee Battalions; Allison’s Tennessee Squadron; 12th, - 16th and 18th Battalions; Rucker’s Legion. - -Artillery—Baxter’s, Carnes’, Huggins’, Huwald’s, Marshall’s, Mebane’s, - Morton’s, Scott’s and White’s Tennessee Batteries. - - - Texas - -Infantry—1st, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th. - -Cavalry—8th, 10th, 11th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 18th, 24th, 25th, 32nd. - (10th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 32nd dismounted—serving as infantry). - -Artillery—Douglas’ Texas Battery. - - - Virginia - -Infantry—54th, 63rd. - -Cavalry—Edmundson’s Battalion Cavalry. - -Artillery—Jeffress’, Jordan’s, Parker’s, Taylor’s and Woolfolk’s - Virginia Batteries. - - -NOTE: Copies of this Booklet will be mailed direct, postpaid, upon - receipt of 50 cents to— - - J. L. ROGERS - 3203 Dayton Blvd. - CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE - - [Illustration: Lookout Mountain Incline. The world’s largest, - safest, steepest passenger Incline. A direct route to beautiful - Point Park, the outstanding feature on Lookout Mountain.] - - - MILEAGE AND ROUTE INFORMATION FROM CHATTANOOGA, TENN. - - CITY Miles ROUTES - - Akron, Ohio 567 27-68-62-3-5 - Asheville, N. C. 206 64-19 - Atlanta, Ga. 119 41 - Atlantic City, N. J. 798 11-211-1-40 - Augusta, Ga. 273 41-53-129-78 - - B - - Baltimore, Md. 660 11-11W-11-117-11-211-1 - Baton Rouge, La. 559 11-11A-11-26-7-190 - Birmingham, Ala. 150 11-11A-11 - Bluefield, W. Va. 320 11-11W-23-71-19 - Boston, Mass. 1060 N.Y.—Pkwys. 15-20-9 - Bowling Green, Ky. 189 41-231 - Brunswick, Ga. 404 41-341 or 41-23-341 - Buffalo, N. Y. 777 27-68-62-3-42-20-5 - - C - - Cedar Rapids, Ia. 762 Via St. Louis 61-218 - Charleston, W. Va. 438 11-33-25E-119 - Charleston, S. C. 416 41-53-129-78 - Charlotte, N. C. 317 64-19-74 - Chicago, Ill. 593 41-41A-41 - Cincinnati, O. 350 27-25 (359 Mi. Via 27) - Cleveland, Ohio 585 27-68-3-42 - Clearwater, Fla. 616 41-19 - Columbia, S. C. 328 41-53-129-78-378 - Columbus, Ga. 210 27 - Columbus, Ohio 444 27-68-62 - - D - - Dallas, Tex. 801 64-70-67 - Davenport, Ia. 660 41-41A-41-50-1-150 - Dayton, Ohio 402 27-25 - Daytona Beach, Fla. 538 41-341-41-100-1 or Atlanta 23-1 - Denver, Col. 1326 St. Louis—40-24-40 - Des Moines, Ia. 805 St. Louis—40-63-163 - Detroit, Mich. 608 27-25 or 27-227-68-24-25 - - E - - El Paso, Tex. 1431 64-70-67-80 - Evansville, Ind. 308 41-41A-41 - - F - - Ft. Myers, Fla. 709 41-341-41 - Ft. Wayne, Ind. 503 27-25-127-177-227-27 - Frankfort, Ky. 276 27-150-35 - - G - - Gatlinburg, Tenn. 146 64-411-73 - Grand Rapids, Mich. 652 Ft. Wayne—33-13-131 - Greensboro, N. C. 389 64-19-70 - - H - - Hartford, Conn. 959 N.Y.—Pkwys. 15-5 - Houston, Texas 839 11-11A-11-26-7-190-185-90 - - I - - Indianapolis, Ind. 415 41-231-31E-351-31W-31 - - J - - Jackson, Miss. 404 11-11A-11-80 - Jacksonville, Fla. 444 41-341-23 or Atlanta 23 - - K - - Kansas City, Mo. 710 41-41A-41-68-45-146-3-40 - Key West, Fla. 953 41-341-41-100-1 - Knoxville, Tenn. 114 11 - - L - - Lake City, Fla. 421 41-341-41 - Lansing, Mich. 627 27-25-127 - Lexington, Ky. 267 27 - Little Rock, Ark. 458 64-70 - Los Angeles, Calif. 2169 64-266-62-66-89A-89 71-60 - Louisville, Ky. 302 41-231-31E-351-31W - - M - - Macon, Ga. 212 41 or Atlanta 23 - Mammoth Cave, Ky. 223 41-231-31E-351-31W-70 - Memphis, Tenn. 325 64 - Meridian, Miss. 309 11-11A-11 - Miami, Fla. 796 Daytona—1 (869 Mi. Via 27) - Milwaukee, Wis. 675 41-41A-41 - Minneapolis, Minn. 987 41-41A-52-45-12 - Mobile, Ala. 403 11-11A-11-5-43 - Montgomery, Ala. 239 11-241-231 (250 Mi. -11 11A-31) - - N - - Nashville, Tenn. 138 41 - New Haven, Conn. 922 New York—1 - New Orleans, La. 515 11-11A-11 - New York City, N. Y. 854 11-11W-11-117-11-211 I-40—N.J. - Tnpk. 1 - Norfolk, Va. 619 11-11W-11-52-58—Ferry or Tunnel - - O - - Oklahoma City, Okla. 806 64-266-62 - Omaha, Nebr. 918 St. Louis—61-36-71-275 - Orlando, Fla. 585 41-341-41-27-441 - - P - - Paducah, Ky. 291 41-68 - Palm Beach, Fla. 730 41-341-41-100-1 - Peoria, Ill. 560 41-41A-41-50-1-150 - Philadelphia, Pa. 759 11-11W-11-117-11-211 1-40-13 - Pittsburgh, Pa. 618 11-11W-23-71-19 - Providence, R. I. 1024 N.Y. Pkwys. 15-6A-6 - - R - - Raleigh, N. C. 456 64-19-70-64 - Richmond, Va. 557 11-11W-11-460-24-60 - Roanoke, Va. 339 11-11W-11 - Rock City 6 41-58 - - S - - St. Augustine, Fla. 482 41-341-23-1 - St. Louis, Mo. 462 41-41A-68-45-146-3-40 - St. Petersburg, Fla. 610 41-341-41-92 or 41-19 - Salt Lake City, Utah 839 St. Louis—40-24-40 - San Antonio, Tex. 1019 11-11A-11-26-7-190 165-90 - San Francisco, Calif. 2491 64-266-62-66-466-99-50 - Sarasota, Fla. 643 41-341-41 - Savannah, Ga. 389 Macon—80 - Shreveport, La. 630 11-80 - Silver Springs, Fla. 512 41-341-41-27-40 - Spokane, Wash. 2439 41-14-16-87-10 - - T - - Tallahassee, Fla. 378 27 - Tampa, Fla. 590 41-341-41 - Terre Haute, Ind. 408 41-41A-41 - Texarkana, Ark. 613 64-70-67 - Toledo, Ohio 551 27-25 or 27-227-68 - Toronto, Ontario 839 Detroit—Canada 2-5 - - V - - Valdosta, Ga. 357 41-341-41 - - W - - Washington, D. C. 622 11-11W-11-117-11-211 - Wheeling, W. Va. 563 11-33-25E-119-21-2 - Wilmington. Del. 731 11-11W-11-117-11-211 1-40-13 - Wilmington, N. C. 519 41-53-129-78-378-76 - Winston Salem, N. C. 360 64-19-70-64-158 - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Civil War Battles of Chickamauga -and Chattanooga, by Jesse Littleton Rogers - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CIVIL WAR BATTLES *** - -***** This file should be named 62977-0.txt or 62977-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/9/7/62977/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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