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diff --git a/old/63204-0.txt b/old/63204-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 30f2278..0000000 --- a/old/63204-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5161 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Biographical Notices of the Portraits at -Hinchingbrook, by Mary Louisa Boyle - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Biographical Notices of the Portraits at Hinchingbrook - -Author: Mary Louisa Boyle - -Release Date: September 14, 2020 [EBook #63204] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES--PORTRAITS HINCHINGBROOK *** - - - - -Produced by Fay Dunn and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - - _BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES_ - OF THE - Portraits at Hinchingbrook: - - BY - MARY L. BOYLE. - - _1876._ - - LONDON: - PRINTED AT THE VICTORIA PRESS, PRAED STREET, W. - (OFFICE FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN.) - - - - - TO - - JOHN WILLIAM, - - SEVENTH EARL OF SANDWICH, - - THESE SKETCHES ARE INSCRIBED BY HIS FAITHFUL KINSWOMAN, - - MARY LOUISA BOYLE. - - MDCCCLXXVI. - -In the notices of the more celebrated characters in this Catalogue, it -will be understood that historical and well-known events (which will be -found in the annals of England), have been made purposely, to give way to -details of a more domestic nature. - - - - -UPSTAIRS-CORRIDOR, STAIRCASE, AND ADJOINING ROOMS. - - -_Edward, First Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY FELIZIANO. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In a long black doublet, with the Star of the Garter, and - the Jewel given him by the King of Sweden, over a long white - waistcoat with innumerable buttons and gold embroidery; deep - ruffles; holds his hat in one hand, the other rests on his hip. - Painted during his Embassy in Spain.) - - Lord Sandwich is here much altered in appearance from his - former portraits, but Pepys tells us he wore his beard in the - Spanish fashion on his return from his Embassy; and a French - correspondent about this time says: “Le Comte de Sandwich étoit - bien fort, l’air doux, assez d’embonpoint, qui ne commençoit de - l’incommoder qu’après son retour de l’Espagne.” - -Born, 1623. Died, 1672.—The second son of Sir Sidney Montagu, by Paulina, -daughter of John Pepys, of Cottenham, near Cambridge. Sidney was the -seventh son of Sir Edward Montagu, and brother to the first Lord Montagu -of Boughton, was Groom of the Bedchamber to James I., and Master of -Requests in the succeeding reign; sat for Huntingdon, and in 1640 was -expelled the House for declining to subscribe to an oath framed by the -Commons, “that they would live and die with their General, the Earl of -Essex.” Montagu said he would not swear to live with Essex, as being an -old man he would probably die before him, neither would he swear to die -with him, as the Earl was in arms against the King, which he (Sidney) did -not know how to separate from treason. For this boldness he was expelled -the House by a majority of three, and sent prisoner to the Tower, where -he remained a fortnight. Thus did he prove his loyalty, though he had -nobly withstood on the other hand those measures which he considered -detrimental to the liberties of the subject. He had two sons, and a -daughter, married to Sir Gilbert Puckering of Tichmarch, in the County -of Hunts. His eldest son Henry was drowned through the carelessness of -a nurse, when only three years of age: his second son Edward became his -heir; who married before he was twenty, Jemima, daughter of John, Lord -Crewe of Stene, a family that sided with the Parliament. - -Clarendon tells us, that Sir Sidney Montagu never swerved from his -allegiance; but his son being emancipated from his father’s control when -very young, and married into a family which “trod awry,” was won over -by the “caresses” of Cromwell to take command in his army, when new -modelled by Fairfax, Montagu being then little more than twenty years of -age. Indeed, when only eighteen he had already raised a regiment, and -distinguished himself at its head in several actions, to wit; Lincoln, -Marston Moor, and York; and the following year at Naseby, Bridgewater, -and Bristol; his conduct at the storming of which last named town was -reported to Parliament with the highest encomiums, not only for his -gallantry, but for the successful manner in which he carried on the -negociations with Prince Rupert. But notwithstanding Montagu’s military -zeal, he opposed the undue influence of the army in the House of Commons, -especially in their bringing about the seclusion of eleven members, and -he formed and kept his resolution not to resume his seat (for Huntingdon) -until the members were restored. In spite of this independent conduct, he -was appointed (on the elevation of Cromwell to the Protectorate) one of -the Supreme Council of Fifteen—and he only then in the twenty-fifth year -of his age; and shortly afterwards he became Desborough’s colleague in -the office of High Admiral. - -In 1656 he accompanied the gallant Blake to the Mediterranean, on whose -death he succeeded to the sole command of the fleet, in the exercise -of which, says Lord Clarendon, “he was discreet and successful.” But -the death of Oliver Cromwell changed the whole face of affairs, and -Montagu, who had been on a mission to carry on diplomatic negociations -with Sweden and Denmark, returned from Copenhagen (without orders), -resigned his command, and retired for a short time into the country. On -the reinstalment of the secluded members, he was sworn Privy Councillor, -and again appointed Admiral of the Fleet (or as Pepys has it, “one -of the generals at sea”), conjointly with Monk, who was minded, as -Montagu says, “to get into the saddle,” and would not be left out in -anything; but Monk was to remain on shore, and Montagu to put to sea, an -arrangement at which the latter did not cavil. - -A reaction of loyalty had set in lately; affairs were in a doubtful -state; negociations were set on foot to recall Charles; the King’s health -was drunk openly, whereas before, it had only been done in private, and -Montagu became most zealous in the royal cause, although, as he told -his kinsman Pepys, “he did not believe if the Protector [Richard] were -brought in again, he would last long, neither the King himself, (although -he believes he will come in), unless he behaves himself very soberly -and well.” Indeed, before he embarked, Montagu had a conversation with -Richard Cromwell in which he told him roundly that he would rather find -him (on his return from sea) in his grave, than hatching mischief; upon -which that mild man replied that he would do “whatever Montagu, Broghill -(afterwards Earl of Orrery) and Monk would have him.” - -We now quote constantly from Samuel Pepys, (Montagu’s kinsman and -“Boswell”) who had been appointed his secretary, and he says: “Yesterday -there were bonfires, and people calling aloud ‘God bless King Charles -the Second.’” While the fleet was fitting out, Clarendon records that -Montagu sent over his cousin to the King in Holland, to say that as soon -as the ships were ready, he would be on board and prepared to receive and -obey His Majesty’s commands. He also sent word what officers he trusted, -which he suspected, etc., and desired to know privately if Charles had -faith in Monk; this was no small inconvenience to the King, seeing he was -debarred from communicating to either the trust he had in both, which -might have facilitated their designs. Pepys accompanied his patron on -board the “Nazeby,” which the youthful Admiral had already commanded with -honour, and for which ship “my Lord” (for so Pepys prematurely designated -his noble kinsman) “discovered in his discourse a great deal of love.” -Again, “a messenger from London brought letters which will make May-day -1660, remembered as the happiest May-day in England for many years. In -the House of Parliament a letter from the King had been read, during -which time the Members remained uncovered, and an answer of thanks had -been returned to His Majesty’s gracious communication, and better still -a supply of £50,000 unanimously granted to him. Then the City of London -made a declaration that they would have no other Government than King, -Lords, and Commons, and ‘both Houses of Parliament did concur in the -same.’ My Lord told me plainly that he thought the King would carry it, -and that he did think himself happy that he was now at sea, as well for -his own sake as that he thought he could do his country some service in -keeping things quiet.” About this time, Montagu was elected M.P. for -Dover. May 3rd, 1660, a letter and declaration were received on board the -“Nazeby” from His Majesty, offering “grace” under certain conditions, and -stating the royal wishes and requirements; upon which Admiral Montagu -called a Council of War, and dictated to his secretary the form of a vote -which was then read and passed unanimously. Afterwards Pepys accompanied -“my Lord” to the quarter-deck, and there read the declaration to the -ship’s company amid the loud cheers and “God bless King Charles!” of the -seamen. After a merry dinner, Pepys took boat and visited every ship in -the fleet to make known the royal message, and doubtless it was as he -said, “a brave sight and pleasant withal” to be received with “respect -and honour” and to bring “joy to all men.” On his return to the “Nazeby,” -Montagu was much pleased to hear the fleet received the communication -from the King with a transport of joy, and he showed his secretary two -private letters that he had received from Charles, and the Duke of York, -couched in the most friendly language. - -Montagu had now indeed, as Clarendon observes, betaken himself most -generously to the King’s service. He was occasionally much tried by the -over-interference of his colleague, Monk, “yet was he willing to do him -all the honour in the world,” and let him have all the honour of doing -the business, though “he will many times express his thoughts of Monk -being a thick-skulled fool.” But Monk was most influential, and Montagu, -with his wonted magnanimity, sacrificed his own pride to advance the -cause of his royal master, and the prosperity of his country. So wise, -judicious, and temperate was he, though still young. - -He dearly loved his profession, and seemed to take a pride and pleasure -in adorning and ornamenting the vessels under his command. “My Lord -went about to-day to see what alterations were to be made in the armes -and flags, and did give me orders to write for silk flags and scarlet -waist-clothes (to be hung round the hull of the ship to protect the men -in action) for a rich barge, a noise of trumpets, and a set of fiddlers. -He oftentimes played himself on the guitar with much contentment,” and -appears to have been as hospitable in his house of wooden walls, as at -his fine seat of Hinchingbrook, “receiving the gentlemen who visited him -with great civility. Frequent messengers from and to the King at Breda, -and divers bearing letters from the Houses of Parliament. On the 9th -of May, a certain noble from the House of Lords, to desire my Lord to -provide ships for the transport of the Commissioners to His Majesty, who -had just been proclaimed in London with great pomp. On the same day the -Admiral received his orders to sail presently for the King, a command -which he obeyed with alacrity, and of which he was very glad.” - -On arriving at the Hague they anchored before that “most neat place -in all respects,” where “my Lord” kissed by proxy the hands of the -Queen of Bohemia, and the Prince of Orange, sending a deputation on -shore including his secretary and youthful son. The Prince of Orange -himself, is a “pretty boy.” In the evening “my Lord showed me his fine -cloaths, which are as brave as gold and silver can make them.” His royal -master appears to have been in a different plight and badly off both -for “cloaths” and gold and silver too, and when he received a supply -of both his Majesty was so much overjoyed that he called the Princess -Royal and the Duke of York to inspect the treasures, as they lay in the -portmanteau. The Duke of York was now named High Admiral, and visited -the “Nazeby,” (where he was received with due honour), accompanied by -the Duke of Gloucester. On the 23rd, the King came off from shore, and -entering Montagu’s boat (he having gone off to meet his Majesty), “did -kiss my Lord most affectionately.” The two Dukes, the Queen of Bohemia, -the Princess Royal, and the Prince of Orange accompanied Charles in his -visit to the “Nazeby,” a proud day for Samuel Pepys as well as for the -commander; and the “Nazeby” was re-christened “Charles” by her royal -Sponsor; and no wonder, for the first name could be in no ways pleasing -to any of the parties concerned. And so they set sail for England, “his -Majesty walking up and down the quarter-deck, and telling mightily -interesting stories of his escape from Worcester, and other adventures.” -At Dover the King was received by General Monk with great acclamations, -but Montagu remained in his barge, “transported with joy that he had done -all this without any the least blur or obstruction in the world.” Two -days afterwards he received the Order of the Garter, with which he was -invested on shipboard; the like honour being conferred on General Monk, -a rare occurrence, as it was seldom given to any one beneath the rank of -Earl. - -On the Admiral’s arrival in London, he received the Office of the Great -Wardrobe, and had the thanks of Parliament for his services and loyalty. -Pepys describes with much perspicuity the constant labours in which he -and his patron were engaged at the Admiralty, showing that habits of -business were a part of this remarkable man’s qualifications, and that in -whatever capacity he acted, it was done zealously and diligently. In July -1660, he was raised to the Peerage, by the titles Baron of St. Neots, -Viscount Hinchingbrook, and Earl of Sandwich. - -He was very merry at the expense of his matter-of-fact secretary when he -dined at Whitehall soon after, and “my Lord talked very high how he would -have a French cook, and a Master of Horse, and his Lady and child to wear -black patches (which methought strange), and when my Lady said she would -get a good merchant for her daughter ‘Jem,’ [afterwards Lady Carteret], -he said he would rather see her with a pedlar’s pack at her back, than to -marry a citizen. But my Lord is become quite a courtier.” - -At the coronation of Charles II. my Lord carried the staff of St. -Edward, and when he accompanied the King from the Tower to Whitehall, -even in “a show so glorious with gold and silver that we were not able to -look at it, Lord Sandwich’s embroidery and diamonds were not ordinary;” -and afterwards “he talked to me of his coat, which was made in France, -and cost £200.” The prudent Pepys occasionally regrets in his patron a -magnificence and generosity pushed to extravagance, which indeed caused -great anxiety and trouble at different times, not only to himself but to -his good wife and housewife, Jemima, and his trusty secretary. Likewise -the noble Lord himself confessed, and lamented a taste for card playing. - -The marriage of Charles II. with Katherine, daughter of the King of -Portugal, being now agreed on, the King chose Lord Sandwich to be his -proxy on the occasion, and to fetch over the new Queen from Lisbon, -proceeding also to Algiers to settle affairs there. On arriving at -Lisbon, Lord Sandwich detached Sir John Lawson, and ordered him to the -Mediterranean to curb the insolence of the Corsairs, after which he -himself proceeded to Tangiers, where he did some execution on the Turks, -and managed his negociations so well, that the place was given up to him -by the Portuguese, and Lord Peterborough was appointed Governor. Pains -were afterwards taken to preserve the fortress, and a fine mole built: -but in 1683, the King sent Lord Dartmouth to bring home the troops and -destroy the work, and it fell into the hands of the Moors. There still -exists a gate named after Lord Sandwich. “When at Lisbon my Lord sent -over presents of mellons and rare grapes to his Countess in London; the -grapes so fine that Mistress Pepys packed some up in a basket to send to -the King’s Majesty.” Lady Sandwich also received a civet cat, parrot, -apes, and many other eccentric proofs of her Lord’s remembrance, which -she showed to Mr. Pepys when he dined with her at the Wardrobe. - -The ambassador had some trouble with the matrimonial negociations, and -“‘great clashing’ with the Portuguese Council, before he could get the -portion paid. But the King of Portugall is a very foole almost, and his -mother do all, and he is a poore prince.” The Queen was a great recluse -on board and would never come on deck, but sent for Lord Sandwich’s -“musique,” [he loved a band on board his vessel] and would sit within -her cabin listening to it. Pepys did not admire the ladies her Majesty -brought over, thought their farthingales a strange dress, and regrets -that they have learned to kiss, and look up and down freely, already -forgetting the recluse practice of their country. Queen Katherine gave no -rewards to any of the captains or officers, save to “my Lord,” but that -was an honourable present, a bag of gold worth £1400. - -In the same year, 1662, “when the Duke of York went over to fetch the -Queen Mother Henrietta Maria, they fell into foul weather and lost their -cables, sayles and masts, but Mr. Coventry writes me word they are safe. -Only my Lord Sandwich, who went before in the King’s yacht, they know -not what is become of him;” which troubles his poor secretary much, -“and there is great talk he is lost, but I trust in God the contrary.” -A watery grave, indeed, awaited him, but after a nobler fashion. “He -carried himself bravely in danger while my Lord Crofts did cry.” - -The same faithful chronicler, although uneasy at his Lord’s predilection -for play, and for the little regret he evinced at losing £50 to the King -at my Lady Castlemaine’s, is never tired of extolling his magnanimity -and forbearance, especially in the matter of his kinsman, Mr. Edward -Montagu, with whom he had altercations, and “who did revile him to the -King,” as was supposed; but “my Lord,” pitied and forgave him. He was an -ill-conditioned man, and got into great disfavour at Court, “through his -pride and affecting to be great with the Queen.” In 1663, my Lord leased -a house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields for £250 per annum. He determined to go -to sea once more, and confides to Pepys the state of his finances, having -£8000 a year, and being in debt £10,000; but there is much due to him -from the Wardrobe. In the middle of this discourse Lady Crewe came in to -inform his Lordship another son was born to him, upon which the devout -Samuel remarks, “May God send my Lord to study the laying up something -for it.” - -In the latter days of July 1664, our gallant sailor once more put to sea. -The fleet in which he served under the Duke of York was most successful, -striking such terror on the coast of Holland that the Dutch Admiral was -afraid to venture out. There was also great success with his fleet in the -Goree, and 150 ships of the Bordeaux fleet laden with wine brandy, etc., -were brought into our ports. In the meantime there were all manner of -Cabals at home, not only ignoring Lord Sandwich’s prowess, but impugning -his courage and disinterestedness. Pepys is much vexed with the silence -maintained on my Lord’s account as regards some of those grand naval -victories “to set up the Duke and the Prince, [Rupert] but Mr. Coventry -did declare that Lord Sandwich, both in his councils and personal -service, had done honourably and serviceably.” - -Jealous of his fame at sea and his favour at court, the Admiral’s -enemies, with Monk at their head, sought for some pretext to undermine -his prosperity, and they hit on the following. It appeared that it was -contrary to the strict regulations of the Admiralty that Bulk, as it was -called, should be broken into until the captured vessels were brought -into port. Now in a noble engagement with the Dutch, Sandwich, Admiral -of the Blue Squadron, broke through the enemy’s line, being the first -who practised that bold expedient: and he, willing to reward his seamen -for their gallant conduct in the action, gave them some portion of the -prize money, (which was their due) at sea, not waiting until they had -come into port. This was turned to his disadvantage, and his adversaries -even dared to insinuate that he had helped himself, as well as his crew. -But this accusation was too barefaced, and the King stood by him in these -difficult times. Charles II. has often been accused of ingratitude, but -at least he never forgot his obligations to, or his personal friendship -for, Lord Sandwich, although His Majesty’s unconquerable indolence -prevented his influence being as great and decisive as might have been -expected in the Monarch of the Realm. - -In the intervals of his employment, Lord Sandwich, who was the fondest of -fathers, came up to London frequently to settle the preliminaries of his -daughter Jemima’s marriage to the son of Sir George Carteret, an alliance -which gave great satisfaction to both families, and the negociations for -which were carried on by the indefatigable Pepys. Indeed it was a good -thing at that moment to find any cause for rejoicing, as our Diarist’s -pages are now full of the record of calamities, caused by the Plague then -raging—“no boats on the river, the grass growing up and down Whitehall; -all the people panic stricken, and flying from one place to the other for -safety”—with innumerable ghastly records of that terrible time. - -Lord Sandwich was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary to the Court of -Madrid, to mediate a Treaty of Peace between Spain and Portugal. After -some conference with the Queen-Regent Mariana, he prevailed with her to -acknowledge the King of Portugal, and to agree that the King of England -should be Mediator to the Peace. For this purpose he left Madrid and -arrived at Lisbon, January 22, 1667. The Peace was concluded in the most -satisfactory manner, and the King and the Duke of York wrote Sandwich -autograph letters of thanks and commendation. He returned to Spain to -take leave of the Queen-Mother, who was most friendly and grateful to the -English Envoy, and presented him with full length portraits of herself -and her son, the Child-King, painted, says Lord Sandwich, “by her Court -painter, Don Sebastian de Herrera, and most excellent likenesses.” The -portrait of himself, of which we are now speaking, was also painted -during his residence in Spain, and he pronounces that also an excellent -resemblance. - -Lord Sandwich’s letters show his steady adherence to the Protestant -religion, and to the interests of his country: likewise his excellent -judgment. He was much opposed to the sale of Dunkirk, and strove to -arrest the increasing power of France. In fact, the measures he advocated -gained him the good will of the whole fleet and of the disinterested part -of the nation, but gave great offence to the Duke of York. In the year -1672, on a new war breaking out with the Dutch, Lord Sandwich served as -Vice-Admiral under the man who had become his enemy. On May the 19th, -the English fleet, which had been joined by a French squadron, came in -sight of the Dutch fleet about eight leagues off Gunfleet, but being -separated by hazy weather, the English stood into Southwold Bay, and -there anchored till May 28th. Jollity and feasting seem to have been the -order of the day on board the English ships, whereupon Lord Sandwich -expostulated at such a critical moment, advising that they should stand -out to sea, seeing they ran in danger of being surprised by the enemy, -as the wind then stood. The Duke of York not only declined to follow -this excellent advice, but is said to have returned an insolent and -taunting reply. The next day proved the prudence of his wise Admiral’s -advice, as the firing of the scout ship’s cannon gave notice of the -enemy’s advance. Then the cables were cut and the vessels ranged in as -good order as time would permit. Lord Sandwich, in his brave ship the -“Royal James,” one hundred guns, sailed almost alone, and was the first -to engage the enemy at seven o’clock in the morning: his Royal Highness -was the next to fire, his vessel being becalmed; and this sudden calm, -combined with the resolution and prompt bravery of Lord Sandwich, saved -the fleet, otherwise endangered by the fireships. Interposing between -his yet disordered squadron and the “Great Holland,” Captain Brakel, -sixty guns, (which was followed by a fireship, and soon seconded by the -whole squadron of Van Ghent,) the gallant Englishman defended himself -for many hours, disabled several of the enemy’s men-of-war, and sank -three of their fireships single handed! while Sir John Jordan, his own -Vice-Admiral, and several others, instead of coming to the rescue of the -Blue, sailed to the Red to assist the Duke of York. About noon, until -which hour he stood at bay like the brave lion that he was, and after -giving, as a Dutch historian has it, the utmost proofs of “unfortunate -valour,” a fourth fireship, covered by the smoke of the enemy, grappled -the “Royal James,” and set her in a blaze. Of one thousand men who formed -his crew at the beginning of the action, six hundred were killed on the -deck, (among whom was his son-in-law Carteret) many wounded, and only -a few escaped. When Lord Sandwich saw it was all over with the “Royal -James,” he ordered his first captain, Sir Richard Haddock, the officers, -his own servants, etc., into the long-boat, peremptorily declining to -leave the ship, in spite of every entreaty: and when the boat pushed off, -the noble form of their commander still stood erect on the quarter-deck -of the burning vessel. As Sir John Jordan, whose duty it was to relieve -him, sailed past in the morning, Lord Sandwich had remarked to the -byestanders that if they were not relieved they must fight it out to the -last man, and bravely did he keep his word. Thus perished the man whose -noble end to a noble life, called forth eulogiums from friend and foe. -Bishop Parker, a partisan of the Duke of York, says: “He fell a sacrifice -to the service of his country: endued with the virtues of Alcibiades, -untainted by his vices; capable of any business; of high birth, full of -wisdom, a great commander on sea and land; learned, eloquent, affable, -liberal, magnificent.” The Duke of Buckingham, who was in the fleet says: -“Lord Sandwich was such a loss, the Dutch might almost have called it a -victory.” Gerard Brandt, a Dutchman, says: “He was valiant, intelligent, -prudent, civil, obliging in word, and deed, and of great service to his -King, not only in war, but in affairs of state and embassies.” We have -seen by Pepys’ testimony, how beloved he was in domestic life. - -On the 10th of June, his body was found off Harwich, clad in the uniform -he had worn with so much honour, still adorned with the insignia of -England’s noblest Order, of which he had proved himself so worthy a -knight, the gracious form, strange and almost miraculous as it may -appear, unblemished in every part, save some marks of fire on the -face and hands. Sir Charles Littleton, Governor of Harwich, received -the remains, and took immediate care for the embalming and honourably -disposing of the same, despatching the master of the vessel who had -discovered the body to Whitehall, to present the George belonging to the -late Earl, and to learn his Majesty’s pleasure, upon which the King, -“out of his regard for the great deservings of the said Earl and his -unexampled performances in this last act of his life, (and indeed it -might have been said his life throughout) hath resolved to have the body -brought to London, there at his charge to receive the rites of funeral -due to his quality and merit.” The remains were conveyed to Deptford in -one of the royal yachts, and there taken out, and a procession formed of -barges, adorned with all the pomp of heraldry, the pride of pageantry, -with nodding plumes of sable hue—attended by his eldest son as chief -mourner, by eight Earls his peers, by the Lord Mayor and many companies -of London, with drums all muffled, and trumpets, and minute guns -discharged from the Tower and Whitehall: the body covered by a mourning -pall of sumptuous velvet, beneath the shadow of the British Flag under -which he had served so long and died so nobly. All that was mortal of -Edward Montagu, first Earl of Sandwich, was interred on the north side of -the altar in Henry VII.’s chapel in Westminster Abbey, on July 3rd, 1672. - -The compass which he wore during the last hours of his glorious life, -and the Blue Ribbon which clung to the heart even when it beat no -longer, still hang in the same frame with the miniature portraits of -himself, and his wife, beside the spirited picture of his last action, -by Vandevelde, in the ship-room at Hinchingbrook, where the hero’s name -is still revered, and his memory cherished with honest pride by his -descendants. - - “Pride in the just whose race is run, - Whose memory shall endure, - Binding the line from sire to son - To keep the ’scutcheon pure!” - - -_The Honourable John George Montagu_: - -BY HOPPNER. - -HALF-LENGTH. - -Born, 1767. Died, 1790.—The eldest son of Viscount Hinchingbrook, -afterwards fifth Earl of Sandwich, by Lady Elizabeth Montagu, daughter -of the Earl of Halifax. In 1790, he married Dorothy, daughter of Stephen -Beckenham Esq., and died a few months afterwards at Mrs. Beckenham’s -house in Grosvenor Square. - - -_John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Crimson Robe, over a Cuirass.) - - -_John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester_: - -BY WISSING. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In Armour, holding a Truncheon.) - -Born, 1648. Died, 1680.—Son of the second Earl, by Anne, daughter of -Sir John St. John Bart., and widow of Sir Harry Lee, of Ditchley. The -father, a staunch Royalist, died before the Restoration, and left his -son little inheritance beyond his title; but that little was well and -carefully managed by the widowed mother. Rochester distinguished himself -at school, and also at the University, and although he fell into bad -habits in early life, he always retained a love of learning which was -most beneficial to him in his latter days. He travelled under the care of -a learned Scotchman, Dr. Balfour, whose name he never mentioned without -affection. He distinguished himself in several naval engagements under -the brave Earl of Sandwich and other commanders, and married Elizabeth, -daughter of John Mallet, Esq., “the beautiful heiress,” who, after -supping with Mistress Stewart, was quietly returning to her lodgings -when she was seized upon at Charing Cross by some emissaries of my Lord -of Rochester. The lady did not incline to his suit, although it would -appear the King himself had spoken to her in behalf of his favourite. But -this violence so incensed his Majesty, that he ordered my Lord Rochester -to the Tower, and there seemed every chance of his being supplanted by -his numerous rivals. Pepys does not tell us how the adventurous lover -at length prevailed on the lady to accept his hand, but he enumerates -“Mistress Mallet’s servants:” “My Lord Herbert,” [afterwards 6th Earl -of Pembroke,] “who would have had her, my Lord Hinchingbrook, who was -indifferent to her, my Lord John Butler [son of the Duke of Ormond] who -might not have her, Sir ... Popham who would do anything to have her, and -my Lord Rochester, who would have run away with her.” Verily, she made a -bad choice among so many. - -Lord Rochester was remarkable for his wit, but also for the extreme -licentiousness of his manners and writings. He was a great satirist and -had many readers in an age when grossness of style was not only tolerated -but admired. His Poem on “Nothing,” and the satire against Man, showed -great ability, lavished on a bad cause. Of an elegant person, easy -address, and winning manners, he was, indeed, a dangerous companion, and -his profligacy was notorious, even in the reign of Charles II. He was -a great favourite with his royal master, who delighted in his sallies, -and declared he preferred Rochester’s company, even when he was drunk, -to that of any other man, when sober. In his pursuits after adventures -he would assume all sorts of disguises, sometimes that of a beggar, or -porter, or even a quack doctor; and he well knew how to sustain every -kind of character. Horace Walpole says of him, “the Muses loved to -inspire him, but were ashamed to avow him.” De Grammont said he had more -wit, and less honour than any man in England. - -But it was reserved for Bishop Burnet, in whose society and conversation -he fortunately took great delight, to effect a radical change in the -opinions of a man whom the Divine himself had always declared born for -better things. By gentle forbearance, considerate kindness, and honest -candid friendship, Dr. Burnet brought the suffering and unhappy man, to a -sense of the error of his ways, and the letter the Bishop received from -the penitent shortly before the death of the latter, is most conclusive -on this head: - - “Woodstock Park, June 25, 1680. - - “My most honoured Dr. Burnet, - - “My spirits and body cling so equally together, that I shall - write you a letter as weak as I am in person. I begin to value - Churchmen above all men in the world. If God be yet pleased - to spare me longer in this world, I hope in your conversation - to be exalted to that degree of piety, that the world may see - how much I abhor what I so long loved, and how much I glory - in repentance, and in God’s service. Bestow your prayers upon - me that God would spare me (if it be His good will) to show a - true repentance and amendment of life for the time to come, or - else, if the Lord please to put an end to my worldly being now, - that He would mercifully accept of my death-bed repentance, and - perform His promise that He has been pleased to make, that at - what time soever a sinner doth repent, He would receive him. - Put up these prayers then, dear Doctor, to Almighty God, for - your most obedient, and languishing servant, - - ROCHESTER.” - -During his last, and most painful illness, he listened with meek -deference to the exhortations of many godly men, and received the -Sacrament with his Lady, which he told Dr. Burnet gave him the more -satisfaction, as for a time she had been misled by the errors of the -Church of Rome. - -Towards the wife who had so much cause of complaint against him he -expressed the sincerest affection and contrition, so much so as to call -forth the most passionate grief on her side. He took leave of all, sent -messages to many of his thoughtless comrades, hoping that as his life -had done much hurt, so by the mercy of God his death might do some good; -called often for his children, his young son, and three daughters, -thanked God in their presence for the blessing they were to him; and died -quietly, and peacefully at the last, after suffering terrible anguish of -body, on the morning of the 26th of July, 1680, at the Ranger’s Lodge at -Woodstock. - - -_Frances, Lady Carteret_: - -BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In a White Dress, playing on a Spinnet.) - -Born, 1694. Died, 1713.—The daughter of Sir Robert Worsley, of -Appledurcombe, Isle of Wight, by Frances, only daughter and heiress of -the first Viscount Weymouth. Married in 1710 at Longleat, the seat of her -grandfather, to John, Lord Carteret, great grandson of the first Earl -of Sandwich, Ambassador Extraordinary to the Court of Sweden, principal -Secretary of State, and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and one of the Chief -Justices for England, during the Sovereign’s absence beyond seas; in fact -the holder of many offices and dignities which he filled with honour. -Lady Carteret accompanied her husband when he attended the Queen to -Hanover, and in that city she died, quite suddenly, while playing on the -harp. She was a friend and correspondent of Jonathan Swift. - - -_Charles, Lord Wilmot_: - -BY HAWKER. - -HALF-LENGTH: OVAL. - - (A Boy in a Blue Mantle.) - -Born, ——. He was the only son of John, Earl of Rochester. Died in 1681, a -minor and unmarried, when the title became extinct. With all his faults -Lord Rochester appears to have loved his only boy tenderly, and to have -earnestly desired to keep him from the evils into which he himself had -fallen. The following letter addressed by the father to the son is a -touching proof of these better feelings: - - “To my Lord Wilmot:— - - I hope, Charles, when you receive this and know that I have - sent this gentleman to be your tutor, you will be very glad - to see I take such care of you, and be very grateful, which - is the best way of showing your obedience. You are now grown - big enough to be a man, if you are wise enough, and the way - to be truly wise, is to serve God, learn your books, observe - the instructions of your parents first, and next your Tutor, - to whom I have entirely resigned you for these seven years, - and according as you employ that time you are to be happy or - unhappy for ever. But I have so good an opinion of you that I - am glad to think you will never deceive me. Dear child, learn - your book and be obedient, and you shall see what a father will - be to you. You shall want no pleasure, while you are good, and - that you may be so is my constant prayer. - - ROCHESTER.” - - -_Lady Brooke_: - -BY KNELLER. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Blue Dress.) - -This portrait has no name in the original catalogue, but it appears -almost certain that it represents the Lady Anne Wilmot, eldest daughter -of the Earl of Rochester, and sister to Lady Lisburne, and Elizabeth, -Countess of Sandwich. She married Francis Greville, son and heir to Lord -Brooke (he died in 1710, eleven days before his father), by whom she -had Fulke, who succeeded his grandfather in the title, William, and two -daughters. - - -_Viscountess Lisburne_: - -BY KNELLER. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Loose Blue Dress, Blue Veil.) - -Born, ——. Died, 1716.—Lady Mallet Wilmot, was the third and youngest -daughter, and co-heiress, of John, Earl of Rochester, by Elizabeth, -daughter of John Mallet, Esq. She married John Vaughan, Esq., afterwards -created Baron Feathard and Viscount Lisburne, County Antrim, Ireland. -They had two sons and several daughters. Lord Lisburne died in 1721. - - -_Lady Anne Montagu_: - -BY KNELLER. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Oval. As a Child, White Dress.) - -Born, 1674. Died, 1746.—Daughter of Ralph, Duke of Montagu, by his first -wife. Married first, Alexander Popham, Esq., and secondly, her cousin, -Lieutenant-General Daniel Harvey, Governor of Guernsey. - - -_Jemima, First Countess of Sandwich_: - -BY ADRIAN HANNEMANN. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Blue Satin Dress. Scarf in the Left Hand.) - -The eldest daughter of John, first Baron Crewe of Skene, North Hants, by -Jemima, daughter and co-heiress of Edward Waldegrave, Esq., Co. Essex. -Married in 1642, to Edward Montagu, first Earl of Sandwich, by whom she -had five sons and four daughters. - -That useful gossip Pepys was very proud of his acquaintance with Lady -Sandwich and he seems to have neglected no opportunity of getting news -for his “Chronicle,” from her, as well as from her housekeeper, Sarah, -who knew a great deal about Court matters and was most communicative, -particularly in affairs of scandal. His first mention of Lady Sandwich -is where he goes to dine with her and tell her the news (by order of Sir -William Pen,) how that “an expresse had come from my Lord [then with -the fleet] that by a great storm and tempest the mole at Argier had been -broken down and several of our ships sunk,” and he thanks God, “that -unlucky business is ended.” In another dinner at the “Wardrobe,” my Lady -showed him a civet cat, parrot, and ape, which her Lord had sent her as -a present from beyond seas. Her Ladyship, moreover seems to have taken -Mr. Pepys into her councils, as regarded matrimonial alliances for her -daughters, as we find him commissioned to inquire into the estate of Sir -George Carteret, whose son Phillip was a suitor for my Lady Jemima, a -marriage which afterwards took place, and every particular of which is -detailed with a great sense of reflected importance by Pepys “who wore -his new coloured silk suit on the occasion.” He assisted Lady Sandwich to -settle accounts at that time, and he does not forget to inform us that he -was invited down to Hinchingbrook, to keep her company, “so mighty kind -is my Lady; but for my life I could not.” - -On the 28th of May, 1665, he goes to my Lady Sandwich’s, “where to my -shame I had not been a long time,” primed with a highly spiced story -of “how my Lord of Rochester had run away with Mistress Mallet, the -great beauty and fortune of the north,” and he found Lady Sandwich both -interested and distressed by the news, as she had intended the fair -heiress for her son, Hinchingbrook; and even now, she hoped the match -might be broken off between the lady, and Lord Rochester, in which -particular she was disappointed. But strangely enough, the daughter of -the run-away couple did, unfortunately for her poor husband, become -Countess of Sandwich. - -Pepys goes all alone with my Lady to Dagenham, near Romford, in Essex, -where Lady Jemima Carteret and her husband resided: “and a pleasant -going it was, very merry, and the young couple well acquainted; but -Lord! to see what fear all the people here do live in”—on account of -the Plague. Two years afterwards we find our Chronicler walking up from -Brampton, where he resided for some time, to Hinchingbrook, to spend -the afternoon with that most excellent discreet and good lady, who was -mightily pleased, as she informed him, with the lady who was to be her -son Hinchingbrook’s wife. He found the two Ladies Montagu “grown proper -ladies and handsome enough;” and the Countess, as was often the case, -conferred with Mr. Pepys on financial matters, complaining they were much -straitened in circumstances, and she had had to part with some valuable -plate, and one of the best suites of hangings. We are assured by the same -gentleman that “the House of Hinchingbrook is excellently furnished, with -brave rooms and good pictures,” and that “it pleased infinitely beyond -Audley End.” - -Lady Sandwich died at the house of her daughter, Lady Anne Edgecumbe, -at Cothele, County Devon, and was buried at Carstock, in Cornwall. The -children of the first Earl and Countess of Sandwich were: Edward, who -succeeded as second Earl; Sydney, who married the daughter and heiress -of Sir Francis Wortley, of Wortley, County York, which patronymic -he assumed, and was father-in-law to the famous Lady Mary Wortley -Montagu; Oliver, who died unmarried, aged 38; John, in Holy Orders, -died unmarried, aged 73; Charles married first, Elizabeth, daughter -of Francis Forster, and secondly, Sarah, daughter of —— Rogers, of -Newcastle-on-Tyne, Esq., by both of whom he left issue. The daughters: -Jemima, married to Sir Philip Carteret, who fell with his father-in-law -in the battle of Southwold Bay, May, 1672, in consideration of whose -services the King elevated his son George to the peerage, as Baron -Carteret; Paulina, who died unmarried; Anne, married to Sir Richard -Edgecumbe, by whom she was mother of the first Lord Edgecumbe, of Mount -Edgecumbe, County Devon; she was married secondly, to Christopher -Montagu, brother to the Earl of Halifax, and died in 1727; Catherine, -married to Nicholas, son and heir to Sir Nicholas Bacon, of Shrubland -Hall, Suffolk, and afterwards to the Rev. Mr. Gardeman. She died at the -age of ninety-six. - - -_Edward, First Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY ADRIAN HANNEMANN. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (In Armour. Badge of the Order of the Garter, or lesser George, - suspended from the Neck by Gold Chain, Lace Cravat, Long Hair.) - - -_Elizabeth, Viscountess Hinchingbrook_: - -BY KNELLER. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Seated, holding a Book. White Satin Dress. Blue Ribbon in - Front.) - -Born, ——. Died, 1761.—The only daughter of Alexander Popham, Esq., of -Littlecote, Wilts, by Lady Anne, daughter of Ralph, Duke of Montagu. -She married firstly, Viscount Hinchingbrook, only son of Edward, third -Earl of Sandwich, by whom she had John, who succeeded his grandfather as -fourth Earl, Edward, and William; and two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth. -Lady Hinchingbrook married secondly, Francis Seymour, Esq., of Sherborne, -Dorset, by whom she had two sons and one daughter. - -She died at her house in Charles Street, Berkeley Square, and was buried -in South Audley Street Chapel. - - -_The Hon. Richard Montagu_: - -BY RILEY. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Oval. Crimson Dress. Lace Cravat.) - -Born, 1671. Died, 1697.—The second son of the second Earl of Sandwich, -by Lady Anne Boyle, daughter of the Earl of Burlington. He was M.P. for -Huntingdon. Died unmarried. - - -_Edward, First Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Star of the Order of the Garter on Shoulder.) - - -_Edward Richard, Viscount Hinchingbrook_: - -BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Oval. Blue Jacket, and Velvet Cap. Hand resting on Hip.) - - -_John, Earl of Rochester_: - -BY WISSING. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In Armour, with Crimson Robe. Lace Cravat.) - - -_Elizabeth, Countess of Burlington_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Standing by an Arch. Dark Dress with Pearls; Dark Blue Scarf - over the Shoulder. Holding a Wreath of Flowers.) - -The only daughter and heiress of Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. -Married Richard, Viscount Dungarvan, eldest son of the great Earl -of Cork, at Skipton Castle, in Craven, 1635. Lord Dungarvan was -distinguished for loyalty and bravery, in common with his father and -brothers. In 1642, he and the Lord Inchiquin defeated the Irish army near -Liscarrol, on which occasion the Earl of Cork’s four sons were engaged on -the royal side, and Viscount Kynalmeakey was slain. After many successes -Lord Dungarvan carried over his forces to England, on the cessation -of arms in Ireland. In 1643, he landed with them near Chester, and -subsequently joined his Sovereign in the County of Dorset, when by reason -of his services, and his marriage with the daughter and heiress of the -Earl of Cumberland, Lord Cork (he had succeeded his father in the Irish -title) was created Baron Clifford, of Lanesborough, Co. York. - -On the triumph of the Parliamentary cause he went beyond seas, but he -promoted the restoration of Charles II., and was advanced to the dignity -of Earl of Burlington, Co. York. Lord Burlington died in the 86th year of -his age, and by Elizabeth his wife he had two sons, and five daughters, -the fourth of whom, Lady Anne, married Edward, second Earl of Sandwich, -a match which Pepys much approved. He speaks of an interview with Lady -Burlington at Burlington House, where he first saw and saluted her: “A -very fine speaking lady and brave, and a good woman, but old and not -handsome.” Perhaps Master Samuel was not at that moment in a humour to be -pleased, as, “bringing in a candle to seal a letter, they set fire to my -perriwigg, which made an odd noise.” - - -_Edward, First Lord Montagu of Boughton_: - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (In Peer’s Parliamentary Robes. Holding in his Hand the Badge - of the Order of the Bath suspended from his Neck.) - -Born, ——. Died, 1644.—The eldest son of Sir Edward Montagu, of Boughton, -North Hants, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Harrington, of Exton, -Rutland, Knight, by whom he had eight sons and three daughters: the third -son, Henry, being ancestor to the Dukes of Manchester and the Earls of -Halifax: and the sixth, Sidney, to the Earls of Sandwich. Edward, the -eldest, was also Knighted of the Shire, and then created Knight of the -Bath at the coronation of James I, he did good service in Parliament; -was much opposed to Popish doctrines, was one of the first named on the -committee to consider the confirmation of the Book of Common Prayer, and -many weighty matters, was the principal promoter of keeping a day of -public thanksgiving on the 5th of November, in remembrance of the failure -of the Gunpowder Plot, on which day he also instituted a charitable gift -of “forty shillings yearly to the world’s end,” to be given to the poor -of certain towns in Northamptonshire, if present at Divine Service the -same day. He was advanced to the dignity of Baron Montagu, of Boughton, -for his services and great abilities, in the nineteenth year of the -reign of James I. He was remarkable for his piety, not only attending -constantly and punctually at church, but having regular prayers on week -days, “as also singing of two psalms after supper in the hall in his own -house.” He was a patron to men of letters and learning, showing great -discrimination in his choice of bestowal of livings in his gift, and -“an enemy to pluralities and non-residency.” Not only did he do good -“to the good to make them better, but also to the bad to keep them from -worse.” It is scarcely credible how many poor as well as rich he fed. It -is reported that a hired coachman of London, who had been at my Lord’s -house, told on his return that he had seen 1200 people served in a day -at my Lord Montagu’s door, which was not credited, and a wager of £10 -laid. It was brought to trial and proved. He built a fair Hospital at -Weekly for eight persons, with a liberal allowance, and a blue gown to -each every second year. - -But this good and noble Peer fell into misfortune through his loyalty -to King Charles I., and Lord Clarendon relates that the Parliament took -him prisoner at his House of Boughton, “a person of great reverence -above fourscore years of age, and of unblemished reputation, because he -declared himself unsatisfied with their disobedient proceedings towards -the King.” - -Sir Philip Warwick also says: “The family of Montagu is noble and worthy. -It had six brothers, four remarkable for several qualifications; the -eldest, Lord Montagu, a man of plain, downright English spirit, of -steady courage and a devout heart, a son of the Church of England, yet -so devout that he was by some reckoned among the Puritans.” He was a -great benefactor to the town of Northampton, (being Lord Lieutenant of -the County), and he bore such sway there, that “the multitude of vulgars -flocked about him when he came to town, as if he had been their topical -deity.” When he was taken prisoner on his road to London, he met my Lord -Essex at Barnet, who was proceeding with the army against the King. That -nobleman stopped his coach, intending to go and salute Lord Montagu, -who presently ordered his coachman to drive on, as this was no time for -compliments. When brought before the Committee of State, where he pleaded -nobly, the verdict was that he should be detained a prisoner, but that it -might be in his own daughter’s house. This he utterly refused, saying, -that if he deserved to be a prisoner, he deserved to be sent to a prison, -and that he would not be sent to the house of the Countess of Rutland, -which would be irksome to him, that lady being busy in the Parliament’s -cause—unless the warrant named her house as his prison; “whereat the -Countess was much disgruntled.” - -Lord Montagu was accordingly conveyed to the Savoy, near the Strand, in -the suburbs of London, where he departed this life on the 15th of June, -1644. He was thrice married; first to Elizabeth, daughter and heiress -of Sir John Jeffrey, of Chitingley, Sussex, Knight, Lord Chief Baron of -the Exchequer, by whom he had an only daughter; secondly, to Frances, -daughter of Thomas Cotton, of Connington, Hunts, by whom he had a son who -died unmarried, Edward his successor, William, and the aforesaid Countess -of Rutland; thirdly, to Anne Crouch, of Cornbury, Herts, by whom he had -no issue. - -Lord Montagu was grandfather to Ralph, first Duke of Montagu. He was -interred in Weekly Church, Northamptonshire, where a splendid monument -commemorates his many virtues. - - -_Mrs. Elizabeth Cromwell_: - -BY WALKER. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Green Cardinal edged with Gold, fastened in Front with a - Jewel. White Satin Hood, White Tippet, Pearl Necklace.) - -Born, ——. Died, 1654.—Daughter of William Stewart, Esq., through whom -she claimed distant kinship with the King of England. Widow of William -Lynne, of Basingbourne; married Robert Cromwell, Esq., by whom she -had four sons, of whom only one, Oliver, grew up to manhood, and six -daughters. On the death of her husband she continued the Brewery, out of -the profits of which and a scanty pittance of £60 a year, she gave her -numerous daughters a good education, and dowries on their marriage, “with -which they were not ashamed to ally themselves with good families.” Mrs. -Cromwell was indeed a most exemplary and loveable woman; of an angelic -temper and disposition, yet full of self-help, she retained the simple -tastes and gentle humanity which had characterised her in the Brewery, -at Huntingdon, when transplanted, by her son’s wish, to the splendour of -the Palace at Whitehall, where her life was fretted by her anxiety for -the safety of her beloved son. Oliver’s filial duty was undeniable: he -appreciated to the utmost his mother’s excellent qualities; and on her -death he caused her to be buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey, -though her tastes would have pointed to a quiet funeral, in a country -churchyard, where her remains would have been left unmolested. At the -Restoration her body was dug up, and with many others, cast ignominiously -into a hole. - -In one of the many “Lives of the Protector,” the portrait at -Hinchingbrook is alluded to as most characteristic. “The small pretty -mouth, the full large melancholy eyes, the fair hair under the modest -little hood, the simple but refined dress with the one small jewel -clasping her handkerchief.” The same writer speaking of her says: “Her -single pride was honesty, her passion love.” - - -_William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury_: - -A Copy of Vandyck in Lambeth Palace. - -BY STONE. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - -Born at Reading, 1573.—Beheaded, 1645. Son of a clothier. Fellow of -St. John’s College, Oxford. He afterwards took Orders, and was very -vehement against the Puritans. Had many different livings; became -Chaplain to James I., whom he accompanied to Scotland. Became Prebendary -of Westminster, and consecutively Bishop of St. Davids, Bath and Wells, -and London, and subsequently Prime Minister and Archbishop of Canterbury. -In 1622 he held a famous conference with Fisher the Jesuit in the -presence of the Duke of Buckingham and his mother, who were wavering -in their allegiance to the Protestant faith, and were fixed therein -by the eloquence of Laud. He was more than once tempted to abjure his -own religion by the offer of a Cardinal’s hat, but each time he gave -an emphatic denial. He was very strict in requiring the revision and -licensing of published books by high ecclesiastical authority, and -concerned in several prosecutions of the Star Chamber against Bishop -Williams, the master of Westminster School, &c. - -When the Parliament of 1639 was abruptly dissolved, the odium of the -measure was thrown on Laud, and he was attacked in his Palace at Lambeth -by the mob. The execution of Strafford was the forerunner of his own; -he had made himself unpopular with the Nation and with the Commons, and -on the accusation of Sir Henry Vane, he was sent to the Tower in 1641, -where he was detained for three years and treated with much severity. -In 1644 he was tried, and though nothing treasonable was proved, a bill -of attainder was passed. He made an eloquent defence, but all in vain, -and he suffered death on Tower Hill in 1645, displaying great courage. -Clarendon says: “His learning, piety, and virtue, have been attained by -few, and the greatest of his infirmities are common to all men.” - -Of all the Prelates of the Anglican Church, Macaulay says that Laud -departed farthest from the principles of the Reformation and nearest to -Rome. He hated Calvinism, he had a passion for forms and ceremonies, -disapproved of the marriage of ecclesiastics; all which opinions would -have made him detested by the Puritans, even if he had used legal and -gentle means only for the attainment of his ends. His understanding was -narrow, he had but scanty knowledge of the world under his direction; -every corner of the realm, every separate congregation, even the -devotions of private families were subjected to the vigilance of his -spies. Unfortunately for himself and for the country, the King was -influenced in all public matters by the counsels of the Primate. - - -_Robert Cromwell_: - -BY WALKER. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Black Gown, White Collar, Black Skull Cap.) - -Born, ——. Died, 1617.—The second son of Sir Henry Cromwell, Knight -(surnamed the Golden Knight) of Hinchingbrook, Huntingdon, by Joan, -daughter of Sir Ralph Warren, Lord Mayor of London. A younger son with a -slender pittance, he was, by the countenance of his brother, Sir Oliver, -made Justice of the Peace. He went, on his marriage, to live in the town -of Huntingdon, at a house which had been a Brewery for many years, and -the business of which he thought it prudent to continue with the help -and good management of his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of William Stewart, -of Ely, undoubted descendant of the royal line of Stewart; a connection -on which the Protector, with the inconsistency he often evinced in such -matters, prided himself highly. Robert Cromwell’s immediate ancestors -were of a Welsh family named Williams, one of whom married the sister of -Cromwell, Earl of Essex, Prime Minister to Henry VIII., whose son having -risen into favour at Court and received the grant of several Church lands -near Huntingdon, fixed his residence in that town, and assumed the name -of Cromwell. In a tournament at Westminster, on May Day, 1540, where Sir -Richard Cromwell had stricken down challenger after challenger in honour -of his King; Henry VIII., in high good humour, called out: “Formerly thou -wast my Dick, but hereafter thou shalt be my diamond,” at the same moment -dropping a diamond ring, which the knight picked up and restored to his -Majesty. “No,” said Henry, laughing, and placing it on his favourite’s -finger: “henceforth thou shalt bear such an one in the forejamb of the -demi-lion in thy crest;” and such a ring, says one of his chroniclers, -did Oliver wear when he entered the lists against his lawful sovereign. - -“Mr. Cromwell and his wife,” we are told by the same biographer, “were -persons of worth, in no way inclined to disaffection, civil or religious; -they lived on a small pittance, and brought up their children well, -through the exercise of honest frugality.” Robert Cromwell died at -Cromwell House, Huntingdon, in 1617, and was buried at All Saints Church -in that town. His widow survived him 37 years. - - -PORTRAIT OF A DARK YOUTH IN ARMOUR: UNNAMED. - - -THREE PORTRAITS UNNAMED. - - -_Elizabeth, Countess of Northumberland_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Auburn Ringlets. Orange Satin Gown with Pearls. Right Hand - holding her Dress.) - -Born, 1647. Died, 1690.—Elizabeth Wriothesley was the youngest daughter -of Lord Treasurer Southampton, by Lady Elizabeth Leigh, sole daughter -and heiress of the Earl of Chichester. Her eldest sister, Lady Audrey, -was betrothed to Josceline, Lord Percy, son of the tenth Earl of -Northumberland, but dying before her fifteenth year was completed, the -name of her sister was substituted for hers (by family arrangement) in -the marriage contract. In the year 1662, Elizabeth being then about -fifteen, and Lord Percy barely 18, the marriage was solemnised. The -bride’s sister, Lady Rachel Russell, observes it was acceptance rather -than choice; yet the union proved very happy. At first the young pair -were not much together; the bridegroom remained with his tutor, and the -bride with her parents, at Titchfield, in Hampshire; but in 1664-5, her -letters to Lady Rachel are dated from Petworth, where she was living -with her husband. She had a daughter born in 1666, and a son and heir in -1668; in 1669, another daughter, who died an infant. Lord Percy succeeded -his father in 1668, and the following year their son died, which made so -sad an impression on Lady Northumberland, then just recovering from her -confinement, that change of scene was considered necessary for her, and -she left England for Paris with her husband and the celebrated Locke (as -their physician), in whose care Lord Northumberland left his wife while -he proceeded to Italy. At Turin he was attacked by fever, and died in -the flower of his age, a brilliant future lying before him, with every -prospect of happiness. - -Lady Northumberland remained at Paris, where Ralph, Lord Montagu, was -then Ambassador, and he soon became attracted by the beautiful young -widow, paying her gradual and delicate attentions; but it was two years -before he ventured to pronounce himself her ardent admirer. In the -winter of 1672 she went to Aix, where Montagu followed her. Madame de la -Fayette writes: “Je vous envoie un paquet pour Madame de Northumberland; -on dit que si M. de Montagu n’a pas eu un heureux succès de son voyage, -il passera en Italie pour faire voir que ce ne’est pas pour les beaux -yeux de la Comtesse qu’il court le pays.” - -But it seems he followed her back to Paris, in spite of those -predictions. In another letter from Madame de la Fayette, she writes: -“Madame de Northumberland me parait une femme qui a été fort belle, -mais qui n’a pas un seul trait de visage qui se soutienne, ni oû il -soit resté le moindre air de jeunesse; elle est avec cela mal habillée, -point de grâce, etc.” She also alludes to her understanding, what Madame -de la Fayette said to her as if her knowledge of the French language -was limited. The same writer says: “J’ai fort parlé d’elle à Montagu; -il ne fait aucun façon d’étre embarqué à son service, et parait rempli -d’espérance.” (April 15, 1673.) - -There were as usual fluctuations in his hopes and fears, the lady being -at one time jealous, we are told, of the Duchesse de Brissac, a former -“flame” of the Ambassador’s; but in 1673 they came to England, and -were privately married at Titchfield, Lady Northumberland’s paternal -home. Evelyn talks of her eight, or even ten years after this, as the -“beautiful Countess,” a testimony we accept more willingly than that of -the fault-finding Madame de la Fayette. She was in England in 1675, and -was at issue for some time with the Dowager Countess of Northumberland, -her mother-in-law, respecting the care and guardianship of Lady Elizabeth -Percy, the only surviving child and heiress of the late Earl; the subject -of the girl’s marriage, and the choice of a husband being a great bone -of contention. Lady Rachel Russell says: “My sister urges that her only -child should not be disposed of without her consent, and in my judgment -it is hard, yet I fancy I am not partial.” The old lady was triumphant, -however, and contrived to get the young heiress into her power, or rather -to assert her power over her fortunes, and Elizabeth Percy had the -strange fate of being three times a wife, and twice a widow ere she was -sixteen. She married, when only thirteen, Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, -who immediately assumed the name and arms of Percy; but he died a few -months after his marriage, in 1680. The child-widow had then among many -other suitors, Count Königsmark, the celebrated adventurer, and Thomas -Thynne, of Longleat, to whom her grandmother hastened to betroth her, -lest she should show a preference for the foreigner. But before the -marriage could be actually solemnized, he was murdered in his coach at -the instigation of his rival; and the beautiful heiress married shortly -afterwards the sixth Duke of Somerset, surnamed the Proud. - -The girl’s mother does not seem to have been consulted in any of these -matchmakings; her own married life was not a happy one. Montagu was -boundlessly extravagant; he was now occupied in building Montagu House -with his wife’s money; he was involved in political intrigues which -did not redound to his honour, and in 1678 he went to Paris on his -astrological mission, and renewed his loves and quarrels with the Duchess -of Cleveland and others. He returned to England, to involve himself in -fresh plots, and in 1680, accompanied by his wife, he went to Paris in -disgrace and pecuniary difficulties; circumstances not calculated to -improve a temper naturally irritable. - -Lady Rachel Russell often speaks of her sister when in Paris; of that -lady’s sympathy with the Protestants after the Revocation of the Edict of -Nantes; her anxiety on account of her daughter, Anne Montagu’s, health, -etc. A year afterwards she lost her eldest son, aged 12; and it must have -been a source of regret that she was not at hand to comfort Lady Rachel -in the hour of her sorrow, Lord William Russell’s execution taking place -while his sister-in-law was still in Paris. On Lady Northumberland’s -return to England, we hear of her at Windsor with her “lovely boy,” and -little Anne. On her husband’s creation as Earl, his wife dropped her -widowed title, and called herself Countess Montagu. After the Revolution, -Lord and Lady Montagu spent most of their time at Boughton, at which -place the latter died in September, 1690, aged forty-four. - -Lady Rachel Russell speaks thus of her death: “She was my last sister, -and I loved her tenderly. It pleases me to think she deserves to be -remembered by all who knew her; but after 40 years’ acquaintance with so -amiable a creature, one must needs, in reflecting, bring to remembrance -so many engaging endearments as are at present embittering and painful.” - -One son and one daughter survived; John, Lord Monthermer, afterwards -second Duke of Montagu; and Anne, mother to the Lady Hinchingbrook, by -whose Will this picture was bequeathed to her son, the fourth Earl of -Sandwich. - - -_Edward, first Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Buff Coat and Cuirass. Lace Cravat and Ruffles. Blue Sash - over the Shoulder. Broad Red Sash round the Waist. Right Hand - holding a Truncheon, which rests on the Mouth of a Cannon; Left - Hand on his Hip.) - - -_Ralph, Duke of Montagu_: - -BY RILEY. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Curled Wig. Loose Gown of Orange Silk.) - -Born, ——. Died, 1708. The only surviving son of Edward, second Lord -Montagu of Boughton, by Anne, daughter of Sir Ralph Winwood. He was -educated at Westminster and on the death of his elder brother succeeded -him as Master of the Horse to Queen Catherine, Consort of Charles II. -He was sent as Ambassador to Paris, in 1669, for which office, says a -contemporary, he was more indebted to the partiality of the fair sex, -than to his own merits. He told Sir William Temple he was resolved to -become Ambassador in France, and Sir William asked him on what he founded -his hopes, as neither the King nor the Duke of York were attached to him. -“They shall act” said Montagu, “as if they were;” upon which Sir William -Temple remarks that his appointment was brought about by the favour of -the ladies, who were always his best friends, for some perfection the -rest of the world did not discover. - -He was famous when in France, for the state in which he lived. “He -entered Paris,” (says Collins) “with a more than common appearance, -having seventy-four pages and footmen in rich liveries, twelve led -horses with their furniture, twenty-four gentlemen on horseback, and -eighteen English noblemen and gentlemen of quality in four rich coaches -with eight horses each, and two chariots with six, made as costly as -art could contrive.” The King and the Duke of Orleans received him with -great honour, and he was entertained both at St. Cloud and Versailles, -the fountains of which played in his honour; and it was here he imbibed a -taste for building and laying out gardens, which he afterwards indulged -to a great extent. The beautiful and youthful Countess of Northumberland, -who had lately become a widow, was residing in Paris, and as we mention -in the notice of her life, Montagu became her suitor, and eventually -her husband. They were married privately in England in 1673. After his -marriage he became a Privy Councillor and Master of the Great Wardrobe, -an office he bought of the Earl of Sandwich. He busied himself in -building on a magnificent scale, and found his wife’s money most useful -to him in carrying out his plans. - -Although already rather in disrepute at Court, King Charles II. did not -disdain to employ Montagu in 1678 on a new, and in every sense of the -word, extraordinary mission to Paris. At that time there resided in the -French capital, an astrologer who had gained great credit by predicting, -not only the restoration of the English Monarch, but the exact date, -May 29, 1660, of his return to England, and that some time before it -actually happened. Charles, in consequence, had the firmest belief in -the wise man’s auguries, and he despatched Montagu on an errand to ask -his advice and predictions on some subject of political importance. -The Envoy-extraordinary sounded the Necromancer, and finding the black -art did not blind its professor to self-interest, the King’s messenger -offered the wise man a large bribe to shape his predictions according -to his (Montagu’s) directions; then, with an imprudence which was -inconsistent with his previous cunning, he went off to the Duchess of -Cleveland and confided his secret to her. But Barbara was angry with her -former admirer, and jealous of his admiration for her own daughter, and -she resolved to be revenged. Accordingly she wrote to the King and told -him the whole story. “Montagu,” she says, “has neither conscience nor -honour; he has told me several times he despises you in his heart, and -that he wishes the Parliament would send you and your brother to travel, -for you are a dull, ungovernable fool, and he is a wilful fool.” This -version of the story is taken from Algernon Sidney’s correspondence. - -In consequence of this letter Montagu was recalled, and found himself but -coldly received at Court, and all hopes of a place under Government were -at an end. The ex-Plenipotentiary now threw himself into all manner of -contending intrigues of a political nature. He was accused of receiving a -large bribe from Louis XIV. to compass the impeachment and ruin of Lord -Danby (Treasurer) who was very obnoxious to the French Government, and -an enemy to the Roman Catholics; yet at the same time he took a prominent -position in the popular party. He was said to have been instrumental in -bringing over Louise de la Quérouaille, afterwards Duchess of Portsmouth, -and to have endeavoured to persuade her to use her influence with the -King to exclude his brother from the succession. Finally his vote for -the exclusion bill rendered him so obnoxious at Court, that he thought -it best to depart once more to Paris with his wife and children. Hence -he was summoned by a sad catastrophe, he had lent his magnificent house -in Bloomsbury to the Earl of Devonshire, whose servant, in airing one -of the rooms, set fire to it, and the “noble mansion” was burned to the -ground. The conflagration was witnessed by Lady Rachel Russell, who says: -“I heard a great noise in the square, and sent a servant to know what -it was, and they brought me word Montagu House was in flames. My boy -awaked and said he was nearly stifled, but being told the cause, would -see it, and so was satisfied, and accepted a strange bed-fellow, for the -nurse brought Lady Devonshire’s youngest boy, wrapped up in a blanket.” -The loss was computed at £30,000; but Montagu rebuilt it on a more -magnificent scale. Collins says: “It is not exceeded in London.” - -Under William III. Montagu’s star was once more in the ascendant; he -being one of the Lords who invited over the Prince of Orange. In 1689 -he was created Viscount Monthermer and Earl of Montagu, and attended -their Majesties’ coronation in his new dignity. In 1690, while engaged -in beautifying and laying out Boughton, his excellent wife, who called -herself Countess Montagu, died, but he soon gave her a successor. The new -made Earl was not content with his coronet, and coveted the “strawberry -leaves.” He applied to the King for a dukedom, mentioning among many -other cogent reasons: “I am now below the younger branches of my family, -my Lord Manchester and my Lord Sandwich;” also that he had taken to his -second wife, the daughter of the Duke of Newcastle; and above all that he -had been first and last to advocate the cause of William. “I hope it will -not be to my disadvantage that I am alive, and ready to do so again, -instead of having lost my head with Lord William Russell.” The King -refused the dukedom, but showed Lord Montagu much favour, and was his -visitor at Boughton, in Northamptonshire where the Court was sumptuously -entertained. - -Collins says: “My Lord was content with his fortune, and would accept -no office save the one he had bought.” Of this he had been unlawfully -deprived by James II., who bestowed it on Lord Preston. My Lord Montagu -thought himself bound in honour to bring Preston to account, and when -the office was restored to him and considerable damages awarded, he was -so considerate of Lord Preston’s ill circumstances that he generously -forgave him not only the damages, but the costs of the suit. - -Queen Anne bestowed upon him the coveted dukedom; in the fourth year of -her reign she created him Marquis of Monthermer, and Duke of Montagu. -His first wife died in 1690; when he lost no time in soliciting the -hand of the relict of Christopher Monk, second Duke of Albemarle, and -daughter and sole heiress of Henry Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle. He -does not appear to have been so disinterested in his views where money -was concerned as Collins would have us believe; since this lady, in -spite of her enormous wealth, was a confirmed lunatic, and an obstacle -to their union existed in the fact that she had announced her resolution -of wedding no one but a sovereign. Montagu was accordingly presented -to her as the Emperor of China, and after a short period of eccentric -wooing they were married. Until her death the poor maniac was addressed -as Empress of China, and served on the bended knee. Lord Ross wished to -marry her, and when the Duke prevailed in his suit wrote the following -lines:— - - “Insulting Rival, never boast - Thy conquest lately won; - No wonder if her heart was lost, - Her senses first were gone. - From one that’s under Bedlam’s laws - What glory can be had? - For love indeed was not the cause, - It proves that she was mad.” - -She survived her husband twenty-six years, and died at Newcastle House in -Clerkenwell, being interred in Westminster Abbey, as became her Imperial -dignity. - -Ralph, Duke of Montagu was, as his picture shows, of a middle height, -inclining to fat, and of a dark complexion. He was a man of pleasure, and -self-indulgence, but of refined taste in architecture, and his gardens -at Boughton were world famed. On one occasion he was showing them to the -Duke of Marlborough, who said he believed the water-works were the finest -in the world. “They are not to be compared,” replied the courteous host, -“to your Grace’s fireworks.” St. Evremond, who was a constant visitor at -Boughton and in London, and who met the Duke frequently at the Duchesse -de Mazarin’s little salon in Chelsea, was a pensioner on his bounty, and -is never tired of extolling his hospitality and generosity, also the -charms of the Saturday and Wednesday receptions, at Montagu House. - - “On admire avec raison - Votre superbe maison, - A tous étrangers ouverte; - Les jets d’eau de Boughton, - Les meubles de Ditton, etc.” - -He says the cascade at Boughton, though smaller than the one at -Versailles, is more beautiful. The old _gourmet_ is never tired of -praising the good living and extolling the comestibles that the Duke -had sent him, and he says: “J’ai été à Boughton voir milord, la bonne -compagnie, l’érudition, les perdreaux, les truffes;” in fact all that -had charms for him in the absence of the Duchesse de Mazarin herself, to -whom he writes. The two men met frequently at the house of the beautiful -Hortense, one of whose most fervent admirers was the Duke of Montagu. -To her he was most generous, for in one of her letters she says that if -Montagu discovered you liked or admired a thing, you need take no more -thought about it: “‘Quelque dépense qu’il faille faire, quelque soin, -quelque peine qu’il faut employer pour l’avoir, la chose ne vous manquera -pas.’ Ce sont les propres paroles de la feue Duchesse de Mazarin.” But it -seems that there was some interruption in their intimacy, for in one of -Algernon Sidney’s letters there is this passage: “Montagu goes no more -to the Duchesse de Mazarin; whether his love or his politics proved too -pressing, I know not, but the town says he is forbid the house.” - -His Grace departed this life on the 9th of March, 1708, at Montagu House -in Bloomsbury, afterwards the British Museum. - - -_Anne, Viscountess Hinchingbrook_: - -BY MRS. BEALE. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Seated. Light Auburn Hair, Dove-coloured Dress. Pearl - Ornaments. Holding a Flower in the Left Hand.) - -Lady Anne Boyle was the fourth daughter of Richard, second Earl of Cork -and first Earl of Burlington, by Lady Elizabeth Clifford, only daughter -and heiress of the fifth Earl of Cumberland. In 1667 she married Viscount -Hinchingbrook, eldest son of the first Earl of Sandwich, by whom she -had two sons and one daughter. Pepys seemed well contented with the -marriage for his patron’s son, though he is dissatisfied at not having -a favour sent him, and Lady Sandwich was so much pleased with her new -daughter-in-law as apparently to be consoled for her first born having -lost the chance of marrying the great heiress, Mistress Mallet. - -The first time Pepys saw her at Lord Crewe’s he saluted her and invited -her to his house; he thought her mighty pleasant and good humoured, but -neither did he count her a beauty or ugly, but a comely lady; and when -she accepted his hospitality next day he found her “a sweet natured -and well disposed lady, a lover of books and pictures, and of good -understanding;” and he goes on to visit her and her lord afterwards at -Burlington House next to Clarendon House, which he was glad to see for -the first time. - -Lady Hinchingbrook and her sister Henrietta, Countess of Rochester, -were undoubtedly shining lights of modesty, and domestic virtue in this -profligate age. - -She was buried in the family vault at Barnwell, where a touching -inscription records her many virtues, and the regret her death occasioned. - - -_Elizabeth Popham, Viscountess Hinchingbrook_: - -BY HIGHMORE. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In an Orange Gown, Lace Tippet and Ruffles. Holding a Fan. A - Blue Hood tied under the Chin.) - - -_The Honourable Mary Montagu_: - -BY WHOOD. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (As a Child: in a Rich Crimson Dress, embroidered with Silver. - White Apron, Lace Cuffs, and Stomacher. Holding a Basket of - Cherries, with which she is Feeding a Parrot.) - -The eldest daughter of Edward Richard, Viscount Hinchingbrook, by -Elizabeth Popham. Died in childhood. - - -_Louisa, Sixth Countess of Sandwich_: - -BY SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (In a White Dress with Brown Drapery. Leaning on an Anchor.) - -Born, 1781. Died, 1862. The only daughter of Armar Corry, first Earl -of Belmore, by Harriet, eldest daughter and co-heiress of the second -Earl of Buckinghamshire. Married in 1804, George, Earl of Sandwich, who -died at Rome; by whom she had John William, seventh Earl; Harriet, Lady -Ashburton, and Caroline, Comtesse Walewska. - - -_Pendant to the First Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY VAN ZOORST. - -PORTRAIT OF A YOUTH IN BLACK. UNKNOWN. - - (Brown Hair and Eyes. Small Moustache.) - - -_Edward, First Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY VAN ZOORST. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Purple Vest, Broad Belt, Buckle on Shoulder.) - - -_Elizabeth, Countess of Sandwich_: - -BY WISSING. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Loose Dress. Blue Scarf. Seated on a Bank, putting a Wreath of - Flowers round the Neck of a Lamb.) - - -_The Honourable Edward Montagu_: - -BY HOGARTH. - -SMALL HALF-LENGTH. - - (A Fair Boy in Crimson Coat and Waistcoat, and Frilled Shirt.) - -The fourth son of John, fourth Earl of Sandwich. Born, 1745. Died, 1752. -Buried at Barnwell. - - -_The Honourable Elizabeth Montagu_: - -BY WHOOD. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Seated, with her Hand on the Neck of a Lamb.) - -The second daughter of Edward, Viscount Hinchingbrook, by Elizabeth -Popham. Married first to Reginald Courtenay, second son of Sir William -Courtenay, of Powderham Castle, Devon, by whom she had one son, Charles, -(killed at the battle of Dettingen), and two daughters, co-heiresses: -Isabella, wife of William Poyntz, Esq., of Midgham, Berks; and Anne, -married to the Earl of Cork and Orrery. Mr. Courtenay died in 1745, and -his widow re-married in 1759, William Smith, comedian, better known as -“Gentleman Smith.” They lived together at Leiston, near Saxmundham, an -estate bequeathed to her by her grandmother, Lady Anne Harvey, where -she died. Mr. Smith survived her 57 years. There is a portrait of him -by Hoppner, in the National Portrait Gallery. Her brother was very much -averse to her marriage with the actor, but the correspondence seems to -show they lived happily. - - - - -_DRAWING ROOM._ - - -_The Duchesse de Berri_: - -BY RIGAUD. - -HALF-LENGTH: OVAL. - - (Hair Dressed High. White and Gold Boddice. Blue Velvet Mantle, - lined with Ermine.) - -Born, 1694. Died, 1719. Marie Louise, daughter of Philip, second Duke of -Orleans, afterwards Regent, by Mademoiselle de Blois, daughter of Louis -XIV. and Madame de Montespan. This marriage, which had been determined on -by the King, was not only strongly opposed, by the Duchess of Orleans, -his mother, but Philip himself, then Duc de Chartres, was repugnant -to the _mésalliance_. He was at length overruled by the commands -of his father, and the King his uncle, and proceeded to break the -announcement of his engagement to the proud German Princess his mother, -who congratulated the _fiancé_ with a blow. One son and five daughters -were born to Philip, the second of whom, Marie Louise, married in 1710 -the Duc de Berri, third son to the Dauphin, and consequently grandson -to Louis XIV. He was a handsome Prince, full of endearing and sterling -qualities, but his education had been shamefully neglected, and on this -point he was most sensitive. It made him shy of society, and fearful of -speaking in public, and on one occasion he was subjected to terrible -mortification. At the general Treaty of Peace, when it was settled that -the crowns of France and Spain should never devolve on the same person, -the Dukes of Orleans and Berri proceeded to the Parliament House to -attend to some necessary formalities, on the occasion of the death of -the Duc de Bourgogne, and the Duc de Berri found himself compelled to -speak. After stammering and stuttering for some time he entirely broke -down, and retired in confusion. Relating the circumstance to a friend, -he was said to have shed tears of mortification, bitterly complaining at -the same time of the manner in which his education had been neglected -for the express purpose of keeping him in the background. “J’avois,” -said he, “autant de disposition [for learning] que les autres; on ne -m’apprit qu’à chasser, on n’a cherché qu’à m’abattre.” In spite of -these disadvantages the Duc de Berri was very popular, and is said to -have won all hearts, save that of the ill-conditioned Princess whose -outward charms had subjugated him. Even at an early age Marie Louise -d’Orléans laid herself open to the tongue of scandal, and had been -censured for habits of intemperance. On finding there was a chance of -making a brilliant marriage she changed her whole line of conduct, and -persuaded every one, including the wary Madame de Maintenon, that she -was a reformed character. But no sooner was the marriage consummated -than the young Duchess threw off the mask, and returned to all her evil -ways. In nowise touched by the kindness and devotion of her husband, she -thwarted him on every occasion, and delighted to turn him into ridicule, -which was easy in the case of one so diffident and sensitive. But even -his forbearance had a limit; her conduct disgraced them both, and one -day, maddened by jealousy and the insolence of his wife’s Chamberlain, he -sought the advice of his trusty friend, the Duc de St. Simon. - -St. Simon spoke strongly on the subject, urging the Duc de Berri to -seek redress from the King, and strengthening his counsel by producing -a correspondence that had fallen into his hands, between the Duchess -and the aforesaid chamberlain. These letters left no doubt of their -guilt: in one of them the lady proposed to elope, but her lover refused -on the plea that the step would not be conducive to his advancement in -life. The Duc de Berri, in conformity with his friend’s advice and his -own convictions, determined to carry the correspondence to Rambouillet -where Louis XIV. was then staying; but unfortunately his movements were -not sufficiently prompt. The Duchess discovered that her husband and -the Duc de St. Simon had been closeted together for some time over some -animated and highly confidential business; it was not difficult to guess -the subject, and no sooner had the Duc de Berri started, than she leaped -into her coach, and pursuing him with all haste, broke into the Royal -presence just in time to find the King examining the contents of the -fatal correspondence. A scene of disgraceful violence and altercation -ensued, and so exasperating and shameless was the language of the -Duchess, that the hitherto indulgent and forbearing husband raised his -heavy riding boot and with one kick sent his wife spinning into the arms -of Madame de Maintenon. The King, whose dignity was outraged on all -sides, lifted his cane to strike the unhappy Prince, but he had already -withdrawn, full of shame at the violence into which he had been betrayed. -As for the Duchess, no sooner had she recovered from the shock, than -without a word to her sovereign, or Madame de Maintenon, she left the -room in a paroxysm of rage. “It is true,” she said afterwards to one of -her ladies, “that I have sustained no bodily injury, but the mark will -ever remain here,” placing her hand upon what, by courtesy, she called -her heart. It undoubtedly remained in her memory; the Duke apologised, -and she pretended to be appeased; a reconciliation was patched up, and -at a wolf hunt held by the King in the Forest of Marly, the Duc de -Berri, who was passionately fond of the sport, rode hard and well. He -was suffering from intense thirst when he fell in with his wife’s coach, -and riding up asked anxiously if she could supply him with a draught of -any kind. The Duchess smiled benignly, and drew from the pocket of the -carriage a beautiful little case containing a bottle in which she said -she always carried some excellent Ratafia in the event of over-fatigue. -The unsuspecting man raised it to his lips and drained the last drop with -many expressions of gratitude. The Duchess smiled again: “It is fortunate -we met,” she said; and the heavy coach rolled on. In a few hours the Duke -was taken ill, and after four days of suffering he expired on May 4th, -1714, at the early age of 28. As in the case of Madame no one doubted the -existence of poison, and at first, public opinion was so violent against -the Duke of Orleans that he had a narrow escape of his life from the fury -of the mob, at the funeral of his son-in-law. Later evidence, however, -seemed but too strong against the guilty wife, although the matter was -gradually hushed up, as in those days the art of poisoning had become a -fashionable pastime. The Duchess did not long survive her victim; she -gave herself up to excesses of all kinds, and concluded her ill-spent -life of 24 years in 1719. - -In some letters of “Madame, veuve de Monsieur,” the first Duke of -Orleans, the Princess of Bavaria to whom allusion has already been made, -we are told that the Duchesse de Berri at the time of her death was -undoubtedly married clandestinely to Captain de Rious, whose portrait -Madame paints in the most unflattering terms as remarkable for his -ugliness, in spite of which he was a great favourite with the ladies. -He was absent on duty with the regiment the Duchess had bought for him -at the time of her death. Madame goes on to say: “Pour se tirer de -l’embarras que pouvoit lui donner une oraison funêbre, on a pris le parti -de n’en point faire du tout.” Apparently a prudent decision. The same -authority states that the Duchesse de Berri had grown very large and -florid, (and that she often jested on the change in her own appearance), -which would account for her looking twice her real age in this picture. - - -_Elizabeth, Countess of Sandwich_: - -BY KNELLER. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (White Déshabille with Coloured Scarf. Hair en Négligé.) - -Born, ——. Died, 1757. She was the second daughter of John, Earl of -Rochester, by Elizabeth Mallet. She married Edward, third Earl of -Sandwich, in 1691. As we have mentioned in the short notice of his life, -the marriage was very unhappy, and Lady Sandwich’s conduct in every -respect most reprehensible, in spite of her numerous panegyrists. She -was a brilliant member of society, and we are told that at the early -age of ten years, she already showed a great taste for reading, and had -begun to cultivate several foreign languages. She spoke French, Italian -and Spanish; Montaigne was one of her favourite authors. She danced and -sang, and played on several instruments, and though learned was in no -wise pedantic. Neither did she waste so much time on dress, as was usual -with ladies of her time. Lady Sandwich went to Paris not very long after -her marriage, and St. Evremond, whose admiration she appears to have -shared with the Duchesse de Mazarin and Ninon de l’Enclos, thus speaks -of her in a letter (without date) to the latter: “Le Docteur Morelli, -mon ami particulier, accompagne Madame la Comtesse de Sandwich qui va -en France pour sa santé. Feu Monsieur le Comte de Rochester, Père de -Madame Sandwich, avoit plus d’esprit qu’homme en Angleterre. Madame de -Sandwich en a plus que n’avoit Monsieur son père; aussi généreuse que -spirituelle, aussi aimable que spirituelle et généreuse. Voilà une partie -de ses qualités.” According to St. Evremond’s implied wishes, his two -friends formed a close intimacy, and Lady Sandwich at Paris seems to -have merited Ninon’s report of her when she says: “J’ignore les manières -Anglaises, mais elle a été très française.” It must have been during -this first visit to Paris that Lady Sandwich made the acquaintance of -the French celebrities whose portraits now adorn the Drawing-room at -Hinchingbrook, as on her return to the French metropolis in 1729 they -were all dead. Mademoiselle de l’Enclos is never tired of praising her -English friend; in a letter dated August, 1698, she says to St. Evremond: -“Madame Sandwich m’a donné mille plaisirs, par le bonheur que j’ai eu de -lui plaire; je ne croyois pas sur mon déclin, pouvoir être propre à une -femme de son âge. Elle a plus d’esprit que toutes les femmes de France, -et plus de véritable mérite. Elle nous quitte; c’est un regret pour tous -qui la connoissent, et pour moi particulièrement. Si vous aviez été ici -nous aurions faits des repas dignes du temps du passé. Vous allez revoir -Madame Sandwich, que nous voyons partir avec beaucoup de regret.” Again -in July, 1699: “Vous allez voir Madame Sandwich, mais je crains qu’elle -n’aille à la campagne; elle sait tout ce que vous pensez d’elle; elle -vous dira plus de nouvelles de ce pays ci que moi. Elle a tout approfondi -et tout pénétré: elle connoit parfaitement tout ce que je hante, et -a trouvé le moyen de n’être pas étrangère ici.” In the lengthened -correspondence between Mademoiselle de l’Enclos and her faithful Abbé, -she constantly reverts to the English lady after her departure from -Paris: “Madame Sandwich conservera l’esprit en perdant la jeunesse. -Faites la souvenir de moi; je serois bien fâchée d’en être oubliée;” -while St. Evremond on his part tells her: “Tout le monde connoit l’esprit -de Madame la Comtesse; je vois son bon goût par l’estime extraordinaire -qu’elle a pour vous. Elle est admirée à Londres comme elle fut à Paris.” - -There is a long tedious poem from the same pen, describing the presents -(comestibles) which Lady Sandwich had sent the Duchesse de Mazarin, with -whom she had become very intimate: “Des moutons et des lapins de Bath.” -He speaks of Morelli as friend and physician of all three: - - “Sandwich et Mazarin que le Ciel vous unisse, - Et que cette union de cent ans ne finisse.” - -He alludes to meeting her often in society, more especially at Boughton, -the beautiful country house of Lord (afterwards Duke of) Montagu. “Jamais -personne n’a mieux mérité d’être reçue magnifiquement, et galamment -régalée, que Madame Sandwich; jamais homme ne fut plus propre pour la -bien recevoir que my Lord Montagu. J’espère que la cascade l’octagone, -les jets d’eau, etc., auront fait oublier la France à Madame Sandwich, et -comme my Lord est assez heureux pour inspirer son goût et ses desseins -sur les bâtiments et les jardins, je ne doute point qu’elle n’entreprenne -bientôt quelque nouvel ouvrage à Hinchinbrooke. On ne sauroit être plus -sensible que je le suis à l’honneur de son souvenir. Il ne manquoit rien -pour combler mon déplaisir de n’avoir pas vu Boughton et le maître du -lieu, que de ne point voir Hinchinbrooke et sa maîtresse, qui est le plus -grand ornement de tous les lieux où elle se trouve.” He writes to Ninon -to tell her of a wager he had with Lady Sandwich, respecting their eating -powers at a dinner at Lord Jersey’s: “Je ne fut pas vaincu,” boasts the -epicure, “ni sur les louanges ni sur l’appétit.” - -At Bath she evidently was the head of a coterie; and Pope writes: “I am -beginning an acquaintance with Lady Sandwich, who has all the spirit -of the past age, and the gay experience of a pleasurable life. It were -as scandalous an omission to come to the Bath, and not to see my Lady -Sandwich, as it had been to have travelled to Rome, and not to have seen -the Queen of Sweden. It is, in a word, the best thing the country has to -boast of, and as she has been all that a woman of spirit could be, so she -still continues that easy and independent creature, that a sensible woman -always will be.” Such is Pope’s standard of female excellence! In another -letter to his friend, Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery, he says: “This lady -is both an honour, and a disgrace to her native country. She resided in -France for some time; but it is a melancholy reflection that we have -either nothing in England, valuable enough to make her prefer her own -country to another, or that we will not suffer such a person to reside -quietly among us.” - -In 1729, on the death of her ill-fated husband, the object of so much -praise and admiration, returned to the more genial atmosphere of Paris, -for the remainder of her life. - -In June 1751, Lord Chesterfield writes to his son, then at Paris, as -follows: “A propos of beaux esprits, have you les entrées at Lady -Sandwich’s, who, old as she was, when I saw her last, had the strongest -parts of any woman I ever knew in my life. If you are not acquainted with -her, the Duchesse d’Aiguillon or Lady Hervey can, and I daresay will, -introduce you. I assure you it is worth while both on her own account, -and for the sake of people of wit and learning, who frequent her salon. -In such companies there is always something to be learned as well as -manners; the conversation turns on something above trifles; some point of -literature, customs, history, etc., is discussed with ingenuity and good -manners; for I must do the French people of learning justice; they are -not bears as most of ours are, but gentlemen.” - -Lady Sandwich died at Paris, at her house in the Rue Vaugirard, July 1, -1757, in the Faubourg St. Germains. In a letter of Horace Walpole’s, to -John Chute, Esq., the same year, he says: “Old Lady Sandwich is dead -at Paris, and my Lord (her grandson) has given me her picture of Ninon -de l’Enclos in the prettiest manner in the world. If ever he should -intermeddle in an election in Hampshire, I beg you will serve him to -the utmost of your power. I fear I must wait for the picture.” At Lady -Sandwich’s death in Paris, although she had taken every precaution to -prevent such a casualty, there arose a great difficulty in securing the -property to her grandson and heir. The French officers rushed in, put -seals on everything, and claimed le “mobilier, les tableaux, etc., par -le droit d’aubaine.” Lord Sandwich sent over his solicitor, who had a -roughish time of it, with these “harpies.” He appealed to the Duchesse -d’ Aiguillon and other illustrious friends of the deceased countess, who -promised him every assistance, and as he discovered afterwards, were -working against him all the time. But the good lawyer was triumphant in -the end and wrote to his noble client that everything was safe, including -the pictures, and he especially notes that of Ninon de l’Enclos, “which -is very valuable,” he says, “and innumerable offers have been made for -it, here.” But it was reserved for Horace Walpole’s Gallery, and some -letters passed on the subject, for although Horace could express his -opinion of Lord Sandwich in no flattering terms, he did not object to -receive a present at his hands; and he offers in return (later) a copy -of the memoirs of the Comte de Grammont, printed at his own press at -Strawberry Hill, which contains an engraving of the afore-mentioned -portrait of Mademoiselle de l’Enclos, Lord Sandwich’s letters on the -subject are in his most jocose style. - - -_Ninon de l’Enclos_: - -BY PIERRE MIGNARD. - - (Oval. Crimson and Orange Dress.) - -Born at Paris, 1615. Died, 1705.—The early education of Anne de l’Enclos -was not calculated to lead to favourable results. The characters of -her parents were strangely opposed to each other, and remarkable for -violent extremes. “M. de l’Enclos, duelliste, musicien, homme de -plaisir, gentilhomme; Madame de l’Enclos, sévère, exacte.” The mother’s -wish was to immure her daughter in a convent, a project which the -father strenuously opposed. But by the time the girl had attained her -fifteenth year she was left an orphan, at liberty to follow her own -devices. Scepticism and Epicureanism were very prevalent at this epoch, -and of these schools Ninon became a too willing disciple. She soon -became the centre of attraction; her conquests were legion. Voltaire -said: “There will be soon as many histories of Ninon as there are of -Louis XIV.” Voltaire was only thirteen years old when he was first -presented to Mademoiselle de l’Enclos, who was much struck with him, and -evidently detected some promise of his future greatness. At her death -she bequeathed him 2000 francs to buy books. She was a strange mixture -of self-indulgence and self-restraint: at one time her conduct was so -outrageous in its immorality as to scandalize even the Court of the Great -Monarch, and it was reported that she was advised to emigrate, “Mais -elle ne partit point,” says St. Beuve; “elle continua la même vie, en -baissant légèrement le ton.” Later on, he says: “Elle rangea sa vie et -la réduisit petit à petit, sur le pied honorable, où on la vit finir.” -St. Simon “le sévère,” says: “Ninon eût des amis illustres de toutes -les sortes, et elle les conserva tous. Tout se conduisit chez elle, -avec un respect et une décence extrème—jamais ni jeu, ni ris élevés, ni -dispute; sa conversation était charmante, désinteressée, fidèle, secrète -au dernier point.” She was temperate in eating and drinking, and would -never suffer drunkards at her table; indeed in her youth, she appears -to have drunk no wine, though occasionally in some of her later letters -to St. Evremond, she discourses somewhat enthusiastically on a subject -so near to her correspondent’s heart, and speaking of her advanced age -she says: “L’appétit est quelque chose dont je jouis encore.” St. Beuve -tells us: “Qu’elle réfléchissait dans un âge, et dans un train de vie, -où à peine les autres sont capables de penser, et elle, qui resta si -longtemps jeune par l’esprit, se trouva mûre par là aussi avant l’âge.” -La Force says: “Je n’ai pas connu cette Ninon dans sa beauté, mais à -l’âge de cinquante et de soixante [the report ran until past 80] elle a -eu des amants qui l’ont fort aimé, et les plus honnêtes gens de France -pour amis.” Her salon was the most brilliant in Paris; parents schemed -that their children’s débût in the world should be made under Ninon’s -auspices, and Madame de Coulanges observes: “Les femmes courent après -elle aujourd’hui, comme d’autres gens y couraient autrefois.” Even the -straight-laced Madame de Maintenon, in speaking of her brother, writes -to her thus: “Continuez, Mademoiselle, à donner de bons conseils à M. -d’Aubigné: il à bien besoin des leçons de Leontium; [this was Ninon’s -nickname, so called from the favourite disciple of Epicurus] les avis -d’une amie aimable persuadent toujours plus que les conseils d’une sœur -sévère.” Tallemant says that her beauty was never very remarkable: “Son -esprit etoit plus charmant que son visage—dès qu’elle parloit, on était -pris et ravi.” She sang, and played on the lute. “‘La sensibilité,’ -dit elle, ‘est l’ame du chant.’” Her portrait is drawn by Mademoiselle -de Scudéry in her novel of “Clélie.” “Elle parle volontiers; elle rit -aisément, elle aime à faire une innocente guerre à ses amis. Les cheveux -d’un beau chatain, le visage rond, le teint vif, la bouche agréable, -les lèvres fort incarnates, une petite fosse au menton, les yeux noirs, -brillants, pleins de feu, souriants, et la physionomie fine, enjouée, -et fort spirituelle.” It can scarcely be denied that this description -entitles to beauty, and so indeed do the portraits at Hinchingbrook and -Althorp, though she was apparently at an advanced age when the latter was -painted. “On a dit d’elle, qu’à la table elle étoit ivre dès la soupe! -ivre de bonne humeur, et de saillies;” for as we have seen before, she -was always temperate. Her letters to St. Evremond when they were both -old, are most characteristic. They occasionally lament together over -their age, but appear to have had many gleams of consolation. From the -highest and truest of all comfort, they seem to have cut themselves off; -and yet, in Ninon’s touching and eloquent letter to her correspondent, on -the occasion of the death of the Duchesse de Mazarin, his dearest friend, -there is this passage: “Si on pouvoit penser comme Madame de Chevreuse, -qui croyoit en mourant, qu’elle alloit causer avec tous ses amis en -l’autre monde, il seroit doux de le penser.” In another letter to the -same, she says: “Nous allons mériter la louange de la postérité, pour la -durée de nos vies, et celle de l’amitié; je crois que je vivrai autant -que vous. Adieu Monsieur; pourquoi n’est ce pas un bon jour?” This was -something like a prophecy, as they died within two years of each other, -one having completed, the other within a few months of, ninety years of -age. In speaking of her reception of a friend, whom St. Evremond had -recommended to her notice, she says: “J’ai lu (devant lui) votre lettre -avec des lunettes, mais elles ne me sieyent pas mal; j’ai toujours eu la -mine grave.” Again: “Tout le monde me dit, que j’ai moins à me plaindre -du temps qu’une autre; de quelque sorte que cela soit, qui m’aurait -proposé une telle vie, je me serois pendue.” In spite of which, her -letters are invariably cheerful. St. Evremond says, in very nearly the -same strain as he writes to his other frequent correspondent the Duchess -of Mazarin: “La nature commence à faire voir par vous, qu’il est possible -de ne point vieillir. Vous êtes de tous les pays, aussi estimée à Londres -qu’à Paris: vous êtes de tous les temps, vous êtes la maîtresse du -présent et du passé.” Ninon died at her house at Paris about five o’clock -in the evening, having outlived her ninetieth birthday by five months. - - NOTE.—The Abbé Charles de St. Evremond, to whom we are indebted - for so much information relating to Ninon de l’Enclos, and - the Duchesse de Mazarin, was (originally) a soldier, an - author, and a statesman—likewise a _bon vivant_, in all of - which characters, he distinguished himself. He was in great - favour at one time with Cardinal Mazarin, but having incurred - that potentate’s displeasure, he thought it prudent to take - refuge in England, where he remained till his death, in 1703, - having made friends with all the leading men in that country, - and being in great favour with the ladies, for his agreeable - conversation and delicate flattery. - - -_Hortense Mancini, Duchesse de Mazarin_: - -BY MIGNARD. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Oval. Dark Hair and Eyes. Very loose Déshabille.) - -Born, 1646. Died, 1699.—The five nieces of the Cardinal Mazarin were all -remarkable for beauty and intelligence, and for lives full of dramatic -interest. Ninon de l’Enclos says: “Toutes les nièces du Cardinal avaient -un don singulier d’attrait, et comme une magie: la source des charmes -est dans le sang Mazarin.” They were the daughters of Lorenzo Mancini, -by the Cardinal’s beloved sister. Lorenzo was a great astrologer, -and had not only correctly foretold his own death, and that of their -only son, but had also predicted that his widow would not survive her -fifty-second year. The prophecy weighed on her mind, and perhaps hastened -the fulfilment. Her eldest daughter Laura, Duchesse de Mercœur, died in -childbed, it is supposed brokenhearted at her mother’s loss. Hortense -Mancini, the fourth, and apparently the favourite niece of the Cardinal, -was born at Rome in 1646, and on her arrival in Paris, became the centre -of attraction from her surpassing beauty. After many negociations, -the Cardinal bestowed her hand, and an enormous fortune on the Duc de -Meilleraye, on condition that he would assume the name of Mazarin. No -sooner was she betrothed, than Hortense received at the hands of her -uncle, who had hitherto been very niggardly towards her, a splendid -_corbeille de noces_, and a large sum in gold. She was so elated by this -sudden accession of fortune, that she sent for her brother, and sisters, -and encouraged them to take what they pleased, and when this curious trio -had helped themselves, she took handfuls of money, and flung them out to -the lacqueys in the court-yard beneath, and was much amused by watching -the scramble. The Cardinal, at that time very near his end, was furious -at this wanton manner, of disposing of his bounty. - -The marriage proved most unhappy; the husband morose, jealous, exacting; -the wife beautiful, brilliant, wayward. In her later correspondence with -St. Evremond, she makes many excuses for having left her husband, and not -returning to him, in spite of all his solicitations and the action which -he brought against her, for separating herself from him. She fled from -his roof, in the disguise of a man, and by all accounts not empty handed; -“mais tous les chemins mènent à Paris,” and on her return there she -received a pension from the King, which, however, she did not consider -sufficient to enable her to reside there. She accordingly retired to -Chambéri. But in the year 1675 she went to England in the train of Mary -of Modena, the youthful Duchess of York. The real object of this journey -is believed to have been a mission, with which she was entrusted by the -numerous enemies of Mademoiselle de Quérouaille (afterwards Duchess -of Portsmouth) to destroy that favourite’s influence by supplanting -her, in the affections of Charles II. Nor did such a result appear -improbable, as Hortense surpassed her rival, both in wit, and beauty, -and it was well known that the King had already admired her so much, as -to entertain serious notions of making her his wife. He gave her a most -warm reception, and settled a pension on her, the Duke of Mazarin having -already found means to possess himself of the pittance, allowed her by -Louis XIV. But unfortunately for all these deep-laid schemes, Hortense -was so much enamoured of the Prince de Monaco, then in England, as to -incur the King’s anger, and cause him for a while even to suspend her -pension. - -She never left England; persuasions, stratagems, and menaces, all were -useless to induce her, to return to France. Her husband sent over Madame -de Rutz to try and bring her back to him, or induce her to enter a -convent, but she says to St. Evremond: “La liberté ne coute jamais trop -chére à qui se délivre de la tyrannie.” She speaks of the alternative -of returning to the Duke’s roof, or immuring herself in a convent, as -“deux extrémités à éviter, autant l’une que l’autre.” Yet at one time, -on the occasion of a lover being killed in a duel in Spain, she seems -to have entertained the notion of embracing the latter alternative; but -the easy-going St. Evremond advised her strongly against such a step, -assuring her the loss of a lover, might soon be repaired. Her enemies in -France, founded a scandal on the discovery that she did not reside under -the roof of her Royal mistress, at Whitehall, “mais dans un Pavillon -tout près du Château de St. James.” She also incurred blame in many -quarters, for not sharing Queen Mary’s exile in 1688; but she excuses -herself, by saying that if she did so, not only would she place herself -once more in the power of her enemies, but that it was impossible for -her to leave England. She was deeply in debt; she scarcely dared leave -the house, for fear of being arrested. She makes a most pitiful lament, -(probably about the time of the escape of James II. to France) over her -destitution, always to the same friend, and confidant. “Nul bien de -moi, nulle assistance où je suis, nulle espérance d’ailleurs.” Yet she -received at different times, pensions from four different monarchs, for -William III. continued her allowance. Be this as it may, she contrived -to amuse herself, in her house at Chelsea, where St. Evremond was a -constant visitor, in spite of his complaints to Lady Anne Hervey, of -the occasional cold and discomfort. She assembled round her bassette -table, (for in later years she was much addicted to play) a brilliant, -aristocratic, literary circle. She gave dinners too, and the St. Evremond -correspondence shows us, that presents of meat, wine, and fruit, were as -common in those days, as baskets of game in the nineteenth century. Her -friends, Lady Sandwich, and the Duke of Montagu in particular, appear to -have been very generous, in such contributions, and both the Duchess, -and St. Evremond, appreciated to their fullest extent, the pleasures of -eating, and drinking, although the latter often expostulates with the -former against over-indulgence in stimulants. He warns her against excess -in white wine, absynthe or usquebaugh, which are bad for the lungs; her -heart, and her head, were given her for better things. There seems every -reason to believe the learned man’s precepts, and example, were not -always in unison. She occasionally played too high, or too frequently -at bassette, to please him. He wrote a poetical scene in which, playing -with the handsome “Madame Middleton,” Hortense discusses with her the -comparative beauties of “Madame Grafton, Madame Kildare, and Madame -Lichfield.” In another letter, an answer no doubt to some lamentations -over her pecuniary distresses, he says: “Demandez toujours de l’argent; -s’il n’en vient point, c’est vous qui avez sujet de vous plaindre.” - -She numbered amongst her friends and acquaintance the _habitués_ of her -house at Chelsea, many of the noblest names in England; the Duke of -Montagu, one of her warmest admirers; Lord Godolphin, the Duke of St. -Albans, Mr. Villiers, etc. Most of these gentlemen seem at a loss “où -passer leurs soirées” when she is absent from London. Lady Sandwich, a -kindred spirit, Lady Anne Montagu, and many other members of the English -aristocracy frequented her house. This was again in accordance with the -exhortations of her counsellor, for he writes soon after her flitting -to Chelsea: “Tout est triste à Londres; il n’est pas de même à Chelsea. -Montrez vous de temps en temps, où laissez vous voir à Chelsea.” The -picture that he draws of her charms, although in the high-flown language -of the period, and of his nation, does not appear over-done when we look -at Mignard’s beautiful portrait, of this undoubtedly beautiful woman. Her -venerable adorer bids the young beauties of England tremble, at the name -of Hortense; he describes her white teeth, her mouth a lovely opening -flower, her pretty dimples, her bright dark eyes, (which were sometimes -a source of great suffering to her), and her luxuriant hair; and in his -description he begs you not to let the modelling of her dainty ear, -escape your notice. He also assures her, that it is a pity to conceal her -attractions in splendid robes, for that a simple _déshabille_ becomes -her best. Surely she acted on this hint, when she sate to Mignard. The -titles of Madame, or Duchesse, ought not to be given her in speaking to, -or of her: “Vous êtes au dessus des titres, et il me semble qu’on ôte à -votre mérite tout ce qu’on donne à votre qualité.” She did not disdain -to dine with St. Evremond, but he was well aware how particular she was -in her tastes, and provided for her accordingly. “Le mouton de Windsor -cède au mouton de Bath, c’est la décision de Hortense; Bath aura donc -la préférence. Si vous voulez du fruit, apportez en; le vin j’en ai de -bon.” In one of her temporary absences, at Bath, or elsewhere, he went to -Chelsea, and describes how melancholy, and deserted were the house, and -household, her waiting maid Isabelle, her little Moorish page, the parrot -Pretty, the lap-dog Chop, and Filis the canary bird; nothing is wanting -to complete this picture of the English house of Hortense, Duchesse -de Mazarin, in the country, which a contemporary and a compatriot -designated as “un pays hérétique, l’objet du courroux du Ciel, et de la -haine des hommes.” The beautiful exile had little to complain of, in the -welcome she received in this vilified country. - -St. Evremond’s letters to Ninon de l’Enclos, on the death of his dearest -and best friend, are expressive of deep and sincere grief. She died -heavily in his debt, but he would have given that, and all he had, to -bring her back to life. People might live a century, and never see her -equal: “Tout le monde vous imite, personne ne vous ressemble,” were the -words, he once addressed to her. She scolded her friends at times, but in -so charming a manner: - - “‘Hélas, autre source de larmes, - Tous ses défauts, avoient des charmes.’ - -Elle n’avoit jamais su ni tromper, ni haïr.” He praises the manner of -her death, and says: “Les Anglais, qui surpassent toutes les nations à -mourir, la doivent regarder avec jalousie.” What added poignancy to his -regret, was the conviction that her own imprudence hastened the end, a -circumstance over which he, and Ninon lament together. To the man who -was within four years of ninety, Hortense at fifty-three, and evidently -still most attractive, must have appeared comparatively young. She died -in her house at Chelsea in the summer of 1699. - - -_Mary, Queen of James II., King of England_: - -BY L’ARGILLIERE. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Murrey-coloured Dress. Blue Scarf. Pearl Necklace and - Ornaments.) - -Born, 1658. Died, 1691.—The daughter of Alfonso the Fourth, Duke of -Modena, by Marie Mancini. Became an orphan at an early age; was married -to the Duke of York (soon after the death of his first wife, Anne -Hyde) first by proxy, and then in London in 1673. Young, handsome, -single-minded, impulsive, full of affection to a husband twenty years -her senior, remarkable in an immoral Court for the modesty, and decorum -of her conduct, Mary devoted herself to the restoration of the Catholic -religion, and in consequence became the idol of its votaries, and was -hated in proportion by the Protestants. - -James had a great respect and even affection for his wife, in spite of -the frequent causes he afforded her for jealousy, and there is no doubt -that she influenced him very much in religious matters, and contributed -to his downfall. They had several children who died in their infancy; -but in 1688 the unfortunate Prince of Wales, afterwards called the Old -Pretender, or Chevalier de St. George, was born. The Queen’s romantic -adventures when, aided by the Duc de Lauzun, she escaped in the dead of -night, with her infant in her arms, are too well known to be recorded -here. She fled to St. Germains, where Louis XIV received her with royal -honours, and human sympathy, and she was soon joined by her husband. -Madame de Sévigné’s portrait of Mary of Modena on her first arrival, -might well be said to rival that of L’Argillière: “La Reine a des yeux -beaux, et noirs, qui ont pleuré, un beau teint un peu pâle, la bouche -grande, de belles dents, une belle taille, et pleine d’esprit, tout cela -compose une femme qui plait beaucoup. Tout ce qu’elle dit est juste, -et de bon sens.” She was most grateful to the French King, and on one -occasion when he held the Prince of Wales in his arms she said: “Hitherto -I have been glad that my son was too young to understand his misfortunes; -now I pity him that he cannot appreciate the goodness of your Majesty.” - -Nothing could equal the consideration and generosity of Louis XIV. -towards the exiled sovereigns. The ex-Queen of England had a small -Court of her own, at St. Germains, where she presided with gentle quiet -dignity, cheering the declining days of her unhappy husband, by her -unceasing devotion. Whatever the faults of Mary of Modena may have been -in public life, no one could deny to the exiled Princess a reputation for -virtue, tenderness, and charity, very uncommon in the age in which she -lived. - -She was witness to the unsuccessful attempts of both her husband, and -son, to recover the Crown, and died after a short illness in the “very -odour of sanctity.” - - -_Henrietta Maria, Duchess of Orleans_: - -BY MIGNARD. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Oval. Auburn Hair. White Satin Dress. Pearls.) - -Born, 1644. Died, 1670.—Daughter of Charles I., King of England, by -Henrietta Maria of France. When the Queen of Charles I., a fortnight -after her confinement, was compelled to fly before the Parliamentary -army, she confided the infant Princess to the care of her governess, Lady -Morton, who retired with her charge to Oatlands. Two years afterwards, -when the Parliament threatened to deprive that lady of her little ward, -she determined to thwart them in the attempt. She disguised herself as a -poor French servant, and provided herself with a humpback, in which she -carried little Henrietta dressed as a boy. They proceeded in this way on -foot to Dover, where they embarked, and the faithful governess restored -the child to her mother at Paris. But Lady Morton had an enemy to contend -with in the proud spirit of the English Princess, who was indignant at -being clothed in a coarse dress, and still more at being mistaken for -a boy; and she kept informing the passers by of her royal state, which -information was fortunately unintelligible. - -On the death of the King, she accompanied her mother to France, where -they lived in great seclusion; on her first arrival indeed, the widowed -Queen of England had established a small court, and some degree of state, -but the niggardliness of the Cardinal-Minister, Mazarin, soon reduced her -means. The first appearance of the young Princess was on the occasion -of a select ball at court, given by Anne of Austria in her own private -apartments. The Queen-Mother had taken a fancy to the beautiful girl, -and the entertainment was given in her honour: Anne was therefore most -indignant, when the King selected one of the beauties of her own Court, -as his partner for the first dance. She separated their hands sharply, -and in a peremptory tone, desired her son to dance with the English -Princess. Louis XIV., in a pet, replied, “he did not care to dance with -little girls,” and that in so audible a tone, as to be overheard by -mother, and daughter. In vain Queen Henrietta Maria, stung to the quick -by the slight put upon her child, declared she could not dance, having -sprained her ancle; Anne of Austria insisted, and the King reluctantly -led out his unwilling partner, whose crimson cheeks, and streaming eyes, -drew the attention of the whole society upon her. For some time the King -cherished a feeling of dislike towards the young Princess, so much so -as to oppose the union between her, and his brother Monsieur, the Duke -of Orleans. But this marriage was resolved on by the two royal mothers, -and it was finally arranged that the nuptials should take place, on the -return of the Queen and Princess Henrietta from England, whither they -went for the ostensible motive of congratulating Charles II. on his -restoration to the throne, although it was well known that political -intrigues were mixed up with these congratulations. - -At her brother’s Court the young Henrietta “turned all heads, and -inflamed all hearts,” says a contemporary. The Duke of Buckingham, who -accompanied them on their return to France, incurred the maternal anger, -by his undisguised devotion to the fiançée of Monsieur. The voyage -was a disastrous one, the vessel struck on a rock, and nearly went to -pieces, and no sooner had they gained the shore in safety, than the -Princess sickened of the measles. The Duke of Buckingham, maddened by -the dangers both by sea, and land, to which the beautiful object of his -sudden passion, was exposed, became so demonstrative in the expressions -of his grief, and affection, that the English Queen judged it prudent, -to despatch him as avant-courier, to Paris. On her recovery, and return -thither, the Princess found herself as much admired as she had been at -her brother’s Court, and the King opened his eyes and wondered at himself -for not caring to dance with “such a little girl.” “Les yeux vifs, noirs, -brillans, pleins de feu,” says Choisy, “elle fut l’objet de tous les -empressemens imaginables, compris ceux de Monsieur. Elle a l’esprit aussi -aimable que le reste.” The Duke of Orleans was not supposed to be much -in love with his wife, but that did not prevent his being very jealous -of the Dukes of Buckingham, and Guiche, in particular. Buckingham -indeed had brought the husband’s jealousy on his own head, by his absurd -demeanour, and had been the means of instilling suspicion into his mind, -with regard to the Duc de Guiche, a remarkably handsome, and attractive -young courtier. In another quarter, jealousy was rife, for the newly -married Queen of France, Maria Theresa, deeply attached to a husband who -remained always indifferent to her, watched with dismay the influence -“Madame,” (as Henrietta was now called) exercised over the King. - -The second Court under “Madame’s” auspices, with its young beauties, -its easy conversation, and pleasant pastimes, was exactly suited to -the Monarch’s taste, and he was known to have said, in speaking of the -Duchess of Orleans, “qu’il connoissoit en la voyant de plus près, combien -il avoit été injuste, à la plus belle personne du monde.” The admiration -she excited, and the influence she obtained over her brother-in-law, -ended indeed, only with her life. Her small Court was brilliant, in the -extreme, and they amused themselves in divers ways. “Madame, montoit à -cheval, suivie de toutes ses dames, habillées galamment, avec mille -plumes sur leurs têtes, accompagnées du Roi, et de la jeunesse de la -Cour.” Monsieur lived a great deal in the Palais Royal, and there she -would go to sup with him, taking all her ladies, and chosen friends with -her. Mademoiselle de la Vallière was one of her Maids of Honour, and the -liaison with the King, began under Henrietta’s roof. She had been very -fond of the beautiful girl, but treated her with marked displeasure, in -the latter days. - -Madame made a second journey to England, for the purpose of concluding -a private treaty, between her brother, and the French monarch, and of -detaching the former from his alliance with Holland. On this occasion, -she was accompanied by the celebrated Mademoiselle de la Quérouaille, -afterwards Duchess of Portsmouth, who had also her sealed orders. The -mission was successful, though neither advantageous, nor honourable, -as far as England was concerned. Madame returned in triumph, took up -her abode at the Palace of St. Cloud, and appeared to have reached the -zenith of worldly prosperity, always excepting the unhappy difference, -with her husband, which commenced so soon after their marriage, and had -increased rather than diminished. Her tried friend, and trusty confidant -in these trials, was Cosnac, Bishop of Valence, afterwards Archbishop of -Aix, a distinguished, but eccentric man. At twenty-four years of age, he -preached a sermon, which made such an impression on the mind, of Mazarin, -the Cardinal Minister, that on the conclusion of the service, he promised -the preacher a bishopric; what he called “faire un maréchal de France -sur la brêche.” Cosnac was afterwards appointed almoner to Monsieur, and -resided with him, for some time, during which period, he endeavoured to -gain an influence for good, over the mind of this fickle, and vacillating -Prince, and often expostulated with him, on his conduct to the Duchess. -They quarrelled, and separated, but his indignation against Monsieur’s -unworthy favourite, the Chevalier de Loraine, so enraged the Duke that -he contrived to procure a sentence of exile, against Cosnac. But absence -could not sever the bonds of friendship, which bound him to Henrietta, -and of which he gave a valuable proof, on the occasion of a libel, that -was published against her in Holland, at the time of her negociations -between England, and France. The Duchess dreaded lest the scurrilous -pamphlet, most damaging to her reputation, should fall into her husband’s -hands, and she wrote off in terror to her exiled friend, to ask his -assistance. Cosnac immediately despatched an emissary to Holland, who -did his work so effectually, that the whole edition was bought up, the -publication stopped, and all the extant copies brought over, to be -destroyed by this zealous friend. As in duty bound, “Madame” worked hard -to obtain the Bishop’s recall, so much so that the King thought her -attachment to him, must be of a more tender nature than she confessed. -Louis XIV., in all probability, was not a good judge of friendship, or a -believer in it, where a woman was concerned. - -In her correspondence with Cosnac, in speaking of her mission to England, -she hints at the hope of Charles II. becoming a Roman Catholic, in the -event of which she promises that he shall obtain a Cardinal’s hat. On -her return from England, four days before her death, describing the -affectionate reception, she had met with from the French King, she says: -“Le Roi même à mon retour m’a témoigné beaucoup de bonté; mais pour -Monsieur rien n’est égal à son acharnement, pour trouver moyen de se -plaindre. Il me fit l’honneur de me dire, que je suis toute puissante, -et que par conséquent si je ne fais pas revenir le Chevalier de Loraine, -exilé par le Roi, je ne me soucie pas de lui plaire, et il fait ensuite -des menaces, pour le temps à venir.” To the same correspondent, she -complains that her little girl is brought up, to hate her. Three days -later, towards five o’clock in the afternoon, the Duchess of Orleans -asked for a glass of iced chicory water; a short time after drinking -which, she was seized with excruciating pain, and strong convulsions. -As her condition grew worse, it became evident to herself, and all -around her, that the end was approaching. Her confessor, Feuillet, was -sent for, and in his questions, and exhortations, he did not spare his -dying penitent, but both he, and Bossuet, who was also present, became -deeply affected, by the humble devotion, and pious resignation, to the -Divine Will, which the unhappy Princess, evinced in the midst of all her -sufferings. She was most anxious not to forget any one, and recalling -a promise she had made, some time ago to a friend, she called one of -her weeping attendants to her, and gave orders where she would find a -ring, and to whom it should be sent, as her parting gift. As the last -moment approached, she placed her hand in that of her husband, and gazing -earnestly in his face said most emphatically: “Monsieur, je ne vous ai -jamais manqué.” She thought of every one in her last moments, and closed -an adventurous, and chequered life, at the early age of twenty-six, at -peace, with all mankind, repentant, and trusting in the mercy of God. - -That her death was the effect of poison, none could doubt: the question -arose, who was the murderer. The King sent for his brother, and charged -him with the crime, and a violent scene ensued between them; but the -real criminal appears to have been the exiled Chevalier de Loraine, and -evidence of the strongest nature was brought to show, that he sent the -poison from Rome by a Monsieur Morel (who was not in the secret) to the -Marquise d’Effiat, and a footman deposed, to seeing the Marquise rubbing -the inside of the cup, which was immediately afterwards given to Madame, -with the chicory water, when she complained of thirst. Be this as it may, -no sooner was she dead, than the Chevalier de Loraine was recalled from -exile, and the whole matter hushed up. - -Cosnac’s description of Madame, was as follows: “Elle avoit l’esprit -solide, et du bon sens, l’âme grande, et fort éclairée, sur tout ce -qu’il faudroit faire, mais quelque-fois elle ne le faisoit pas, par une -faiblesse naturelle.... Elle mêlait dans toute sa conversation, une -douceur qu’on ne trouvoit point dans les autres personnes royales; ce -n’est pas qu’elle eût moins de majesté, mais elle en savoit user d’une -manière plus facile, et plus touchante. Pour les traits de son visage, -on n’en trouve point de plus achevés; les yeux vifs, sans être rudes, -la bouche admirable, le nez parfait (chose rare), le teint blanc et -uni, la taille médiocre mais fine: son esprit animait tout son corps; -elle en avoit jusqu’aux pieds; elle dansait mieux que femme au monde.” -She loved poetry and befriended poets: Corneille in his old age, and -Racine, whose heart she gained by shedding tears at the first reading of -his “Andromaque.” La Force said after her death: “Le goût des choses de -l’esprit avoit fort baissé. Il est certain qu’en perdant cette Princesse -la cour perdoit la seule personne de son sang, qui était capable d’aimer -et de distinguer le mérite, et il n’y a eu depuis sa mort, que jeu, -confusion, et impolitesse.” - - -_Charles V., Emperor of Germany_: - -BY TIZIANO VECELLI. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In Armour, Standing by a Table, on which is his Plumed Helmet.) - -Born at Ghent, 1500. Died 1558.—The son of Philip, Archduke of Austria, -by Joan the Mad, heiress of Castile, and daughter of Ferdinand and -Isabella. Became King of Spain in 1516, and Emperor of Germany in -1519, on the death of Maximilian. Francis I., King of France, was his -competitor for the imperial dignity, and a war was the result, when the -French King was defeated, and made prisoner. But Charles’s whole life -was spent in warfare, until his abdication, and final seclusion from the -world, in the Convent of San Yuste, in Estremadura, where he died. He -married the daughter of the King of Portugal, by whom he had Philip II. -and two daughters. - - -_Prince Rupert_: - -BY VANDYCK. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Rich Dress of Murrey Coloured Satin, with Cuirass.) - -Born, 1619. Died, 1682.—The fourth son of Frederic, Elector Palatine, -afterwards King of Bohemia, by Elizabeth, daughter of James I., King of -Great Britain. His birth at Prague was hailed with great joy, and his -baptism was an occasion of extraordinary pomp. He was an intelligent -and merry child, and as a youth, his elder brother writes home accounts -of his proficiency in study, and in athletic exercises, describing “our -Rupert,” as a species of Admirable Crichton. Both he, and his brother -Charles were educated at Leyden, and stood very high at the collegiate -examination, when their father, the unfortunate King of Bohemia, -travelled thither, and saw his boys for the last time. Rupert studied -war under Henry, Prince of Orange: at thirteen he was present at the -siege of Rhymberg; at eighteen he commanded a regiment of cavalry. After -her husband’s death, Elizabeth was advised to send her two elder sons -to colonise in distant countries; the elder in Madagascar, and Rupert -in the West Indies: but the high spirited Princess declared “no son of -hers, should become a knight errant.” Prince Rupert’s later career might -well have entitled him to the epithet, Elizabeth so much disapproved. He -distinguished himself in several campaigns, was made prisoner, and at -the termination of his captivity, accepted the invitation of his uncle, -Charles I., to repair to England. - -The Queen of Bohemia had considered herself aggrieved, by the -unsatisfactory replies which her brother returned to her frequent -applications for sympathy and assistance, but on the arrival of Rupert -and his brother in England, the former was granted an English title, -installed as Knight of the Garter, and made Commander in Chief of -Cavalry. The Prince was zealous and loyal, and his courage undoubted; but -he laid himself open to just censure by his imprudence, and temerity. -Charles loved his nephew, but the blame which attached to his tactics in -the fatal battle of Naseby, was confirmed by the Prince’s feeble defence -of Bristol, for the safety of which place, he had pledged himself. The -King deprived him of his command, and wrote him so severe a letter, -that Rupert sought an audience of his royal uncle at Belvoir Castle, -indignantly denying the charge of treason imputed to him, but honestly -confessing his imprudence, and shortcomings. Pepys many years afterwards, -alludes to this incident when he says: “The Prince was the boldest -attaquer in the world, and yet in the defence of Bristol, no man ever -did worse, wanting in patience and a seasoned head, etc.” Pepys did not -love Rupert, who once rated him roundly, in the presence of the King, -Charles II. The same authority says on another occasion, that the nation -was displeased at Rupert’s obtaining a command, as he was accounted a -“most unhappy man.” His next adventure was especially so: Charles I. -sent him to Ireland, in charge of that portion of the fleet, which had -remained faithful to the royal cause, but his unlucky star was still in -the ascendant. He was compelled to seek safety at Lisbon, pursued by the -Parliamentary squadron, and after many losses, and disasters, he took -refuge in America, where he remained some years. Thence to France, where, -says, one of his biographers, “ses aventures romanesques, ses esclaves -Maures, son train bizarre, le firent un objet de curiosité et le héros de -plus d’une intrigue galante.” He returned to England on the restoration -of Charles II. “The Prince Rupert is come to Court,” says Pepys; “welcome -to nobody;” yet his great courage and the frequency of his exploits in -the war against Holland, when he was appointed to a command in the -fleet, first under the Duke of York, then conjointly with the Duke of -Albemarle, and finally in 1673, when he had the sole command, might well -have entitled him to the gratitude of the King and the nation. - -The wear, and tear, of an adventurous life, the effects of a deep wound, -received in Flanders, determined Rupert at length, to retire from public -life, and seek the repose so necessary to him. He was made Governor -of Windsor Castle, and he found great resource in the cultivation of -arts, which had always occupied the few leisure hours he had hitherto -enjoyed; physics, chemistry, the improvement of fire-arms, etc. Horace -Walpole says: “It is a trite observation, that gunpowder was invented -by a monk, and printing by a soldier: and it is an additional honour -to the latter profession, to have invented mezzotinto;” upon which he -relates the following anecdote: Prince Rupert, when in Holland, was one -morning, attracted by seeing a sentinel rubbing the barrel of his musket, -vehemently. On approaching, and examining the gun, he found that the -damp of the early morning, had rusted the metal, and this, combined with -friction, had produced a kind of arabesque, or pattern on the metal, -like a friezed work eaten in with numerous little dots, part of which -the soldier was scraping away. This set the Prince thinking, how he -could produce a lasting effect of the same kind, and in combination with -his friend, Vaillant the painter, he invented a steel roller, cut with -tools to make teeth in the manner of a file, or rasp, with projecting -points which produced the black ground, and this being scraped away, or -diminished at pleasure, left the gradations of light. - -Prince Rupert was never married, but he left two illegitimate children. - -Grammont says: “Il étoit brave, et vaillant, jusqu’à la témérité. Il -avoit le génie fécond en expériences de mathématique, et quelque talent -pour la chimie. Poli jusqu’à l’excès, quand l’occasion ne le demandait -pas, fier, et même brutal quand il étoit question de se humaniser, son -visage étoit sec, et dur....” But Lely, and Vandyck paint more comely -portraits of the brave “Knight-errant.” He was a messmate of the Earl -of Sandwich, and it is no wonder the portraits of the two brave sailors, -should hang together in the Englishman’s ancestral home. Lely painted, -(as we are told by Pepys,) “all the Flaggmen; and in his studio I saw -the pictures of the Earl of Sandwich, Prince Rupert, etc.” But from his -account of the campaign at sea, he leads us to believe that both Rupert, -and the Duke of Albemarle, were jealous of the popularity, and fame which -Lord Sandwich has justly gained in England, through his prowess. - - -_Henrietta Maria, Queen of England_: - -BY VANDYCK. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (White Satin Dress. Lace, Pearls. Standing by a Table, on which - the Crown is placed.) - -Born, 1607. Died, 1669.—Daughter of Henry IV., King of France, by Marie -de Medicis. Attracted the notice of Charles, Prince of Wales, on his -route to Madrid, where he travelled in disguise, with the Duke of -Buckingham, to ask the hand of the Infanta of Spain. On the failure of -the negociations between France and Spain, Charles remembered the young -French Princess, and became her suitor. The marriage was concluded, under -circumstances which appeared to promise great prosperity; but alas, for -human foresight! the young Queen’s life was destined to be one prolonged -struggle, of sorrow, distress, and difficulty. She took refuge in France, -soon after the birth of her daughter Henrietta, and was there warmly -welcomed, and treated with liberality by the King; her constant pecuniary -difficulties being usually attributed to her generosity, to the English -Royalists. - -When Charles I., took leave of the Princess Elizabeth, who had remained -in England, he sent his last farewell to the Queen, assuring her that -during the whole course of their union, he had never been unfaithful to -her, even in thought. In 1660, Charles II. having been proclaimed King -in London, his mother, accompanied by the Princess Henrietta, visited -him, ostensibly to offer her congratulations, but really to recover -part of her dowry, and also to prevent, if possible, the acknowledgement -of the private marriage of her son, the Duke of York, with Anne Hyde. -But her opposition to this marriage was overruled, from political, and -prudential motives. On her return to Paris, and after the union of her -daughter, with the Duke of Orleans, Queen Henrietta Maria, bought a house -at Colombes, where she lived a most retired life. “Elle étoit,” says -Madame de Motteville, “sans nulle façon.” In her frugal manner of life, -and the courage she displayed in danger, and vicissitude, this Princess -resembled her father, the great Henry. She was much disfigured by illness -and sorrow: “Elle avoit même la taille un peu gatée; sa beauté,” says -Madame de Motteville, “n’avoit duré que l’espace d’un matin, et l’avoit -quitté avant son midi; elle maintenoit que les femmes ne peuvent plus -être belles, passé vingt-deux ans. Elle avoit infiniment de l’esprit; -elle étoit agréable dans la société, honnête, douce, et facile; son -tempérament étoit tourné du côté de la gaieté.” Henrietta Maria died -suddenly at her house at Colombes, and was buried at St. Denis, but -she desired that her heart should rest in the Convent of Ste. Marie de -Chaillot, a Sisterhood, for whom she had much affection. - - -_Edward, first Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - - (When Young. In a Brown Dress. Pointing to a Globe. Curtain in - Background.) - - - - -_MORNING ROOM._ - - -_Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough_: - -BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - -HALF-LENGTH: OVAL. - - (Light Coloured Dress. Blue Scarf.) - -Born, 1658. Died, 1744.—The youngest daughter of Richard Jennings, Esq., -of Sundridge, near St. Albans, by the daughter and heiress, of Sir -Gifford Thornhurst. She was presented when quite young at Court, where -her sister Frances, (afterwards Lady Tyrconnel) had already distinguished -herself by her laxity of conduct, as well as her beauty. Sarah’s features -may not have rivalled her sister’s in regularity, but her countenance was -full of expression, her complexion delicate, and the profusion of her -fair hair, formed a most attractive combination. She became the centre of -a host of adorers, amongst whom she preferred, in spite of his poverty, -“the young, handsome, graceful, insinuating, and eloquent Churchill.” On -his side, the young Colonel who, even in early days, had established a -character for avarice, was so enamoured of the portionless girl, as to -refuse a rich heiress with a plain face, who had been proposed to him. -But in her beauty, her ambition, her indomitable will, and the close -friendship which united her to the Princess (afterwards Queen) Anne, the -bride brought her husband, a dowry which made him “a Duke, a sovereign -Prince of the Empire, the Captain General of a great coalition, the -arbiter between mighty Princes, and the wealthiest subject in Europe.” -The friendship between Lady Churchill, and Anne, the tyranny which the -high-spirited, hot-tempered and wilful Lady of the Bedchamber, exercised -over her royal mistress, for many years, are matters too well known, to -be here recapitulated. The romantic friendship of Mrs. Morley, and Mrs. -Freeman, the manner in which Anne as Princess, and Queen, even after her -marriage to the Prince of Denmark, gave herself up to the dominion of -her favourite, until the self-imposed yoke became unbearable, and was -suddenly and completely discarded, are historical facts, bound up with -public events. - -The Duchess of Marlborough was supplanted by her own _protégée_, Mrs. -Masham, and peremptorily dismissed, in spite of prayers, rages and -“scenes.” Voltaire says: “Quelques paires de gants qu’elle refusa à la -Reine, un verre d’eau qu’elle laissa tomber par une méprise! sur la -robe de Madame Masham, changèrent la face de l’Europe,” alluding to the -political changes, which ensued on the downfall of Sarah, Duchess of -Marlborough. In her latter days, her temper, embittered by these untoward -circumstances, became ungovernable; she quarrelled with her husband, her -son-in-law, her grandchildren, and gave way to the most violent outbursts -of passion. The Duke of Marlborough was a constant, and affectionate -husband, and it is related that on one occasion, when he strove to pacify -her rage by a compliment to the beauty of her luxuriant hair, she seized -the scissors, cut it off, and flung it in his face. When the Duke died, -the long fair tresses, were found carefully preserved in a drawer. - -Sarah was a widow for twenty-two years; in spite of her age, perhaps -on account of her immense fortune, the Duke of Somerset, and Lord -Coningsby were both suitors, for her hand. To the latter, she replied, -after reminding him that she was sixty-three, “but were I only thirty, -and could you lay the world at my feet, I would never bestow on you, the -heart and hand, which belonged exclusively to John, Duke of Marlborough.” - - -_John, Second Duke of Montagu_: - -BY PHILLIPS. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (Right Hand on a Table, Left on the Back of a Chair, on which a - Greyhound is standing. Court Suit, Star, Garter, and Ribbon of - the Order.) - -Born, 1682. Died, 1749.—The only surviving son of Ralph, first Duke of -Montagu, by his first wife, the Countess of Northumberland. In 1705, he -married Lady Mary Churchill, youngest daughter, and co-heiress of the -Duke of Marlborough, by Sarah Jennings, his wife, by whom he had several -sons, who all died in their childhood, as did one of his daughters; -but two survived him, Lady Isabella, married to the Duke of Manchester, -and Lady Mary, to the Earl of Cardigan. He was Lord High Constable of -England, at the coronation of George I., Knight of the Garter, and one -of the first Knights of the Bath, as well as Great Master of that new -Order, with several other honours. Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, in -her unpublished volume of remarks and axioms, (which does her little -honour) is very hard upon her son-in-law. She declares he had no just -claim for place, or favour on the Government, on account of services, -by sea, or land; but this statement is emphatically contradicted, -in a marginal note, stating that Montagu had served under the great -Duke of Marlborough himself. He seems by all accounts, to have been -a kind hearted, and benevolent man, but undoubtedly whimsical, and -eccentric; witness an anecdote told of him in one of the periodicals -of the day. In his walks in St. James’s Park, he was attracted by the -daily sight of an old gentleman, of military aspect, but shabby, and -poverty stricken in his dress, who usually sat, and sunned himself, -on one of the benches in the avenue. The Duke sent his servant, one -day to the old soldier, and asked him, to come and visit him. Nothing -loth, but much bewildered, the stranger followed the lacquey, through -the corridors, and well furnished rooms, to the ducal presence. Here -he was asked, and had to tell, his sorrowful tale. He had served his -country, but had no pension; he had married a wife without a dowry, and -she and her children were half starving, down in Wales, while he had -come to London on the sad, and hopeless errand, of getting something, -to live upon. He had a wretched room, where he slept, and spent most -of his time, on a bench, in the Park. The Duke listened, and fed him, -gave him a trifling sum, and said he hoped to see him again, ere very -long. Accordingly, some time afterwards, the old man received a letter -from the Duke, begging him to come to dinner, telling him that he had a -most mysterious, and confidential communication, to make. The soldier, -to whom his whole acquaintance with Montagu appeared like a fairy tale, -brushed up his thread-bare suit, and presented himself to the Duke, who -in a most private, and mysterious manner, assured him, that there was a -certain lady, who admired him very much, and who had earnestly desired -an interview with him; indeed, the Duke went on to say, so entirely was -her heart set on the meeting, that he had consented to be the go-between. -More bewildered than ever, the soldier pleaded his wrinkled face, his -scanty grey hairs, and, above all, his allegiance to the poor wife, -far away among the Welsh mountains. The Duke was jocose, treated the -matter with levity, and gave his arm to lead the astonished guest to -the hospitable board, where the lady would be seated; and there indeed, -smiling amid her tears, sate his wife, and her children, and after a -sumptuous repast, the happy couple left the ducal roof, with their -pockets sufficiently well lined (with the addition of a small pension -also promised by their noble friend), to keep the wolf from their humble -door. Such whimsical fancies as these, would not have suited the stern -and economical Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. - -John, Duke of Montagu, died at Montagu House, Whitehall, in the -sixty-eighth year of his age, when his title became extinct. - - -_John, Fourth Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY ZOFFANY. - -SMALL FULL-LENGTH. - - (Seated near a Table, on which he rests his Left Arm. Crimson - and Gold Court Dress.) - - -_Miss Margaret Ray_: - -BY GAINSBOROUGH. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Blue Dress.) - -Born, 1742, Murdered, 1779.—Some say the daughter of a stay-maker in -Covent Garden, others that she was born at Elstree, in Herts, where -her father was a labourer. In early life, she was apprenticed to a -dressmaker in Clerkenwell, but her first meeting with John, fourth Earl -of Sandwich, was at a shop in Tavistock-street, where he was buying some -neck-cloths. Struck with her extreme beauty, his lordship took her under -his protection, established her at Hinchingbrook, and superintended her -education. Margaret repaid the pains that were bestowed on her, but -her especial talent was for music, and under the tuition of Mr. Bates, -(afterwards secretary to Lord Sandwich) and Signor Giardini, her sweet -and powerful voice, was fully developed, and she sang to perfection, -in the Oratorio of “Jephthah,” in Italian bravuras, and in the catches -and glees, which so often formed part of the varied entertainments, at -Hinchingbrook. Every Christmas, indeed, Lord Sandwich caused an oratorio -to be performed, at his country house, where Miss Ray was the principal -attraction, although she had several rivals in musical talent, both -professional, and amateur. On one occasion Mr. Cradock, an intimate -friend of Lord Sandwich’s, tells us that he accompanied his lordship, Mr. -Bates, Miss Ray and another lady, to Vauxhall, where some musical friends -met them, and they sang catches, and glees, in the box, to the delight -of the audience, who greatly admired the beauty and vocal powers, of the -fair (to them) unknown performer. - -Miss Ray was remarkable, while under Lord Sandwich’s roof, for her -discreet and circumspect conduct, in a most equivocal position; and his -lordship appears to have been very strict, lest anyone, as he expressed -himself, “should exceed the boundary line,” that he had drawn. For -example, at the oratorios where she shone so conspicuously, the society -were not expected to notice her, and she herself was sadly embarrassed -one evening, when Lady Blake advanced between the scenes to converse -with her, the singer well knowing such a step would arouse the noble -host’s displeasure; a well grounded suspicion as he went so far as to say -“such a trespass might occasion the overthrow of our music meetings.” -The Bishop of Lincoln’s wife pays this tribute to Margaret: “She was so -assiduous to please, so excellent and unassuming, I felt it cruel to sit -directly opposite to her, and yet find it impossible to notice her.” - -At these oratorios, the Duke of Manchester’s band generally attended, -and Lord Sandwich took the direction of the kettledrums, as, indeed, he -sometimes did at public music meetings, at Leicester (and elsewhere), -where Mr. Cradock says: “The Earl and the Otaheitan, Omai, (whom he had -brought with him) divided public attention.” - -Mr. Cradock was with Lord Sandwich, when he first became acquainted -with Hackman. My Lord had taken Mr. Cradock to Cambridge, to vote for a -candidate for a professorship in whom he was interested, and brought his -friend back with him, in his chaise to Hinchingbrook. Under the gateway -they met a neighbour, Major Reynolds, with a brother officer, who was -presented as Captain Hackman. Lord Sandwich, with his usual hospitality, -invited the two officers to a family dinner, and in the evening, he and -Miss Ray encountered Major Reynolds, and Mr. Cradock at whist, Captain -Hackman preferring to overlook the game. There can be little doubt that -Miss Ray inspired the young soldier with love, at first sight. Hackman at -that time was on a recruiting party at Huntingdon; he became a constant -visitor at Hinchingbrook, and it seems that whenever Miss Ray drove out, -he constantly waylaid her, bowing low as she passed. There was evidently -a great difference of opinion as to Miss Ray’s feelings, with regard to -her new admirer. One account of the transaction affirms that she was -not insensible to his devotion, and that the black servant, believing -she was false, imparted his suspicions to Lord Sandwich. The same -authority states that his Lordship taxed his beautiful companion with her -inconstancy, and either through his influence, or that of Major Reynolds, -Hackman obtained a recommendation to Sir John Swaine, Adjutant-general -in Ireland, where he remained nearly two years. But he never forgot -the beautiful Margaret, and leaving the army, he entered the Church, -obtained a living in Norfolk, and wrote her a passionate love letter, in -which he proposed marriage, and went so far as to promise tenderness, -and protection for her children by Lord Sandwich. This offer was refused -with decision, whether from fidelity to her protector, anxiety for her -children’s welfare, or indifference to her adorer, we cannot say. Her -situation was certainly not one of calm enjoyment. One evening at the -Admiralty she complained to Mr. Cradock, that she did not believe either -Lord Sandwich, or herself was safe to go out, from the fury of the mob, -and that coarse ballads, and libels were sung under the windows, which -looked upon the Park. Bursting into tears, she besought Mr. Cradock to -intercede with Lord Sandwich, to make some settlement on her, not from -mercenary motives, but because she wished to relieve my Lord from greater -expense, and to go on the stage. Her voice was at its best, Italian music -her forte, and she was sure that through her friend Signor Giardini, -and Mr. Cradock’s friends Mrs. Brooke and Mrs. Yates, she could secure -an advantageous engagement. As might have been supposed, Mr. Cradock -declined to interfere, and the matter dropped. - -In the meantime, Hackman, on the receipt of Miss Ray’s letter, which -put a stop to his long cherished hopes, stung to the quick, and in such -distress of mind, as brought him to the verge of madness, rushed up to -London. He strove to effect an interview with the singing master, Signor -Galli, but this was prevented by the vigilance of Lord Sandwich, who -entrusted the Italian with the task of informing Mr. Hackman that Miss -Ray would have no more communication with him. He took a lodging in -Duke’s Court, St. Martin’s Lane, and on the 7th of April, 1779, he passed -the morning in reading Blair’s Sermons, and dined with his sister, and -her husband, a newly married couple. He then went out, proceeded to the -Admiralty, and seeing Lord Sandwich’s coach at the door, he imagined -it likely that Miss Ray might be going in it, to call on her friend -Signora Galli, at her lodgings in the Haymarket. Thence he walked to -the Cannon Coffee-house, Charing Cross, and watching the carriage pass, -he followed it in time to see Miss Ray, and Signora Galli enter Covent -Garden Theatre. On going in, he was distracted with jealousy at seeing -her addressed by “a gentleman of genteel and handsome appearance,” whom -he afterwards found to be Lord Coleraine. The performance was “Love -in a Village.” He went out, furnished himself with a brace of loaded -pistols, and returned to Covent Garden. When the play was over, he kept -Miss Ray with her two companions in view, through the lobby, where there -was a great crowd, until she was under the piazza, and her coach was -called, in the name of Lady Sandwich. He was pushed down by a chairman, -running suddenly against him, but recovered himself in time to pursue his -victim to her coach, in which Signora Galli had already taken her place. -Stepping between Miss Ray, who had accepted the arm of Mr. McNamara (of -Lincoln’s Inn Fields), and the coach, he discharged his right hand pistol -at her, and his left at himself. The beautiful and unfortunate woman, -raised her hand to her head, and dropped down dead at his feet. Hackman -fell at the same moment, but finding that he was still alive, he beat -himself about the head, with the pistol, crying to the bystanders to kill -him. The murderer, and the victim, were both carried to the Shakespeare -Tavern; the corpse lay in one room, while the wounded man was attended -to, in another. He enquired for her, and declared he only meant to kill -himself, and had failed in his object. He was taken before Sir John -Fielding, who committed him to Tothill Fields Bridewell, and afterwards -to Newgate, where he was constantly watched to prevent his making away, -with himself. He was attended on his trial by a friend, and on first -entering the court, was much agitated, sighing, and weeping while the -evidence was being given, yet at the same time showing a courageous, and -even noble deportment as concerned his own fate. He made a most pathetic -speech, in which he confessed his guilt, but attributed it to sudden -phrensy, as regarded murder. The suicide, he said, was premeditated. He -had no wish to avoid punishment; he was too unhappy to care for life, -now she was gone, and he submitted himself to the judgment of Almighty -God. A letter found in his pocket, to his brother-in-law, taking leave of -him, and speaking in the most affectionate terms of his “beloved woman,” -seemed to bear out his testimony. His hearers were much affected, but on -his return to the cell he became composed, and said he was rejoiced to -think, his time on earth was so short. After his sentence was passed, he -received the following letter in prison: - - “If the murderer of Miss —— wishes to live, the man he has most - injured, will use all his interest to procure his life.” - -The prisoner’s reply was as follows: - - “Condemned Cell, Newgate. - - “The murderer of her, whom he preferred, far preferred to life, - suspects the hand from which he has just received, such an - offer as he neither desires, nor deserves. His wishes are for - death, not life. One wish he has: Could he be pardoned in this - world, by the man he has most injured? Oh, my Lord, when I meet - her in another world, enable me to tell her—if departed spirits - are not ignorant of earthly things—that you forgive us both, - and that you will be a father to her dear children.” - -He suffered death calmly, and thus ended the career of a man, who seemed -formed for better things. - -Mr. Cradock, who was sincerely attached both to Lord Sandwich, and the -unfortunate cause of so much sorrow, tells us that on the day following -the murder, he went to the Admiralty, and saw old James, the black -servant, whom he found overwhelmed with grief. It was he who began to -break the terrible news to his master, when Lord Sandwich interrupted -him, by bidding him “allude no more to the ballads and libels, of which -he had heard enough.” “Alas,” said the faithful old man, “it is something -more terrible than that.” Others then came in from the theatre and -related the dreadful intelligence. Lord Sandwich, stood for awhile -transfixed with horror, then raising his hand exclaimed, “I could have -borne anything but this,” and rushed upstairs, desiring that no one -should follow him. He shunned society, for a long time after the dreadful -catastrophe, and his friend Cradock tells us, that he went to see him, -and found him terribly depressed one day, sitting under the portrait of -Miss Ray, “a speaking likeness;” doubtless the one in question. - -By Miss Ray, Lord Sandwich had four children, viz., Admiral Montagu, -Basil Montagu, Q.C., John Montagu, and Augusta, married to the Comte de -Viry, of Savoy, an Admiral in the Sardinian Navy. - -This beautiful portrait by Gainsborough, belonged to Admiral Montagu, and -was purchased by John, seventh Earl of Sandwich, in 1857, of a picture -dealer, at the instigation of Mr. Green, of Evans’s Rooms, who told him -he much wished to possess it himself, having a collection of portraits of -celebrities, but the price was beyond his mark. - - -_Lady Louisa Corry, Afterwards Countess of Sandwich_: - -BY HAMILTON. - -SMALL HALF-LENGTH. - - -_John William, Seventh Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY THE HON. HENRY GRAVES. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Peer’s Coronation Robes, over Lord Lieutenant’s Uniform.) - - -_Mary, Countess of Sandwich_: - -BY THE HON. HENRY GRAVES. - -OVAL. - - (Leaning on her Hand.) - -Born, 1812. Died, 1859.—She was the youngest daughter of the first -Marquis of Anglesey, by his second wife, Lady Emily Cadogan, (whose -first husband was Lord Cowley.) Lady Mary Paget was married in 1838, to -John William, seventh Earl of Sandwich, and died, universally regretted, -on the 20th of February, 1859, in Curzon Street, Mayfair. - - -_Edward George Henry, Viscount Hinchingbrook, and his Brother, The Hon. -Victor Alexander Montagu_: - -BY HURLSTONE. - - (Children of the Seventh Earl of Sandwich.) - -Lord Hinchingbrook was born in London on July 13, 1839. Educated at -Eton. Joined the Second Battalion Grenadier Guards, December 18, 1857. -Lieutenant and Captain, May, 1862. Adjutant, 1864. Captain and -Lieut-Colonel, July, 1870. Has been employed as Commandant of a -School of Instruction of the Reserve Forces, and Military Secretary at -Gibraltar. Was attached to Lord Stratford de Redcliffe’s special Embassy -to Constantinople, 1858. Accompanied H.R.H. the Prince of Wales to -North America, 1860. Attached to Lord Breadalbane’s Mission, (to confer -the Order of the Garter on the King of Prussia) 1861, and in the same -year to Lord Clarendon’s Embassy, when the King of Prussia was crowned -at Königsberg. On the occasion of the marriage of H.R.H. the Duke of -Edinburgh, when Lord Sydney represented the Queen of England at the -Court of St. Petersburg, Lord Hinchingbrook accompanied his uncle to the -Russian capital; and in 1875 he went with Sir John Drummond Hay, K.C.B. -to the Court of the Sultan of Morocco. Was elected M.P. for Huntingdon, -February, 1876. - -The Hon. Victor Montagu was born in 1841. Entered the Royal Navy in 1853, -as naval cadet on board H.M.S. “Princess Royal,” Captain Lord Clarence -Paget (his uncle). On the declaration of war with Russia, in 1854, he -proceeded to the Baltic, with the Fleet under Sir Charles Napier. Early -in 1855 he went to the Black Sea, and remained on that station till the -fall of Sebastopol. In 1856 he sailed to China, under Admiral Keppel in -the “Raleigh,” 50 guns, (which vessel was lost off Macao, in April, -1857,) and in the Chinese War, he served in a gun-boat at the operations -up the Canton River. On the news of the Mutiny in India, in 1857, Victor -Montagu was ordered to join the “Pearl” at Hong-kong, and left in company -with the “Shannon” for Calcutta, where he landed with the Naval Brigade, -and joined the field force under Brigadier Rowcroft, and Sir Hope Grant, -with which he was employed until February, 1859. - -In the Oude and Goruckpore districts, he was in seventeen out of -twenty-six engagements; and in 1859 he returned to England, having -seen four campaigns before he was eighteen years of age. He afterwards -served as lieutenant in the Channel, and Mediterranean Fleets, and in -1864, was appointed to H.M.S. “Racoon,” in which vessel H.R.H. Prince -Alfred was also serving as lieutenant. In 1866, he was Flag-Lieutenant -to Lord Clarence Paget, Commander in Chief in the Mediterranean; and in -the autumn of the same year commanded the “Tyrian” gun-boat on the same -station. In 1867, he was promoted, returned to England, and has since -commanded the “Rapid” steam sloop in the Mediterranean. - -In 1867, Victor Montagu married Lady Agneta Harriet Yorke, youngest -daughter of the fourth Earl of Hardwicke, by the daughter of the first -Lord Ravensworth, by whom he has two daughters, Mary Sophie, and Olga -Blanche, and one son, George Charles. - - -_The Honourable Oliver George Powlett Montagu_: - -BY THE HON. HENRY GRAVES. - -Born, 1844. Youngest son of the seventh Earl of Sandwich. Educated at -Eton. Appointed lieutenant in the Huntingdon Rifle Regiment of Militia, -in 1862; cornet in the Ninth Lancers, in 1863; exchanged into the Royal -Horse Guards, in 1865. - - -_Portrait of a Lady, supposed to be Lady Rochester_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -HALF-LENGTH. - - (Blue Dress with Pearls.) - - - - -_CORRIDOR—DOWNSTAIRS._ - - -_Edward, Viscount Hinchingbrook_: - -BY KNELLER. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH: OVAL. - - (Red Jacket with Frogs. Blue Cap.) - -Born, 1692. Died, 1722.—The eldest son of Edward, third Earl of Sandwich, -by the daughter of the Earl of Rochester. Member for the Town, and -subsequently for the County of Huntingdon; also Lord Lieutenant, and -Custos Rotulorum; was in the army. Noble says his unfortunate father -“became so much a cypher, that all the duties of his station devolved -on Lord Hinchingbrook, who was an amiable, active and spirited young -man.” He married Elizabeth, only daughter of Alexander Popham, Esq., of -Littlecote, Wilts, by Lady Anne Montagu, (afterwards Harvey) daughter of -Ralph, Duke of Montagu. His portrait and that of his wife, are alluded to -by Noble. - -Lord Hinchingbrook, in his early youth, appears to have been a great -swain, if we can trust the bantering style of the _Tatler_, in the pages -of which, he figures constantly under the _soubriquet_ of Cynthio. In a -paper dated White’s Chocolate House, North Side of Russell Street, Covent -Garden, he comes in, and gives an elaborate lecture on the art of ogling. - -He says: “Twenty men can speak eloquently, and fight manfully, and a -thousand can dress genteelly at a mistress, who cannot gaze skilfully.” -He gives the benefit of his experience, on the subject at some length; -speaks of the late fallings off in the passion of love, boasting that he -himself is the only man who is true to the cause. One day, while cleaning -his teeth at the window of a tavern, he caught sight of a beautiful face, -looking from the window of a coach, and he followed the fair object up, -and down the town—a long time, indeed, without success; but this incident -is proof of his zeal. There is a ludicrous account of his (imaginary) -death from a broken heart; his companions had hoped, that good October -and fox hunting would have averted this catastrophe. They propose to -erect a monument to his memory, with a very long inscription. The paper -is signed by the witty, and mirth-loving Dick Steele. Collins says Lord -Hinchingbrook died much regretted: “He had a martial spirit, tempered -with fine breeding, which made his company much coveted, and gained him -great ascendancy in the House of Commons.” He was a strenuous upholder of -the Protestant Succession, and of the rights and liberty of the subject. - -By his wife he had two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, and a son who -succeeded his grandfather in the Earldom of Sandwich. - - -_Lady Anne Montagu_: - -BY KNELLER. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Blue Satin Gown. Rows of Pearls round the Waist. A Scarf over - the Shoulder, a long White Glove in Left Hand.) - -Born, 1674. Died, 1742.—The only surviving daughter of Ralph, first -Duke of Montagu, by his first wife, the Countess of Northumberland. -Lady Anne’s delicate health in her childhood, seems to have given -great uneasiness, to her mother. Lady Rachel Russell often mentions the -little fair, pale girl. She married; first, Alexander Popham, Esq., -of Littlecote, in Wiltshire, (by whom she had Elizabeth, Viscountess -Hinchingbrook); and secondly, Daniel Harvey, of Combe, in Surrey. The -parents were friends, and cousins, and Lady Northumberland often visited -at Combe. By her second marriage, she had no children. - -St. Evremond constantly corresponded with Lady Anne, who was a friend of -the Duchesse de Mazarin, and an _habituée_ of her salon at Chelsea. He -writes a poetical epistle complaining of the cold of this miserable bit -of a room, where all the doors were left open, and where the beautiful -hostess occasionally cheated at cards. All this, however, is couched -in most flattering language, extolling the charms, moral (query) and -physical, of the lovely gambler. “Prenez garde à Madame,” he goes on to -say, after describing his losses at Ombre, for she will cheat you “avec -la plus belle main du monde.” - -La Fontaine dedicated one of his Fables, to Lady Anne Harvey, who had a -great admiration for his talent. St. Evremond says: “L’estime que M. -de la Fontaine s’est acquis en Angleterre étoit si grand, que Madame -Harvey, et quelques autres personnes d’un très grand mérite, ayant su, -qu’il ne vivoit pas commodément à Paris, résolurent de l’attirer auprès -d’elles, oû rien ne lui auroit manqué.” La Fontaine was grateful to his -English friends, but declined, on the plea of being too old, to seek a -strange country. Lady Anne, or Madame Harvey, as the Abbé calls her, is -constantly mentioned in the letters of St. Evremond. - - -_Elizabeth, Third Countess of Sandwich_: - -BY KNELLER. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Seated. Resting on her Left Arm. Right Hand holding Flowers. - Loose Coloured Déshabille.) - - -_General Daniel Harvey_: - -BY KNELLER. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In Armour, with a Blue Scarf. Right Hand resting on Hip; Left - on the Hilt of Sword.) - -Born, ——. Died, 1732.—The youngest son of Sir Edward Harvey, of Combe, -near Kingston-on-Thames, by Lady Elizabeth, daughter of Francis, -first Earl of Bradford. In 1712, he was appointed Lieutenant-governor -of Guernsey, which office he held till 1726. He married his cousin, -Lady Anne, daughter of Ralph, Duke of Montagu, by the Countess of -Northumberland, relict of Alexander Popham, of Littlecote, Wilts, by -whom he had no issue. General Harvey died at Mitcham, in Surrey, and was -buried within the rails of the altar, in that church. - - -_Captain the Hon. William Montagu_: - -BY T. HIGHMORE. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In a Brown and Red Uniform laced with Gold. Pointing to a Ship - with his Right Hand; holding a Telescope in his Left.) - -Born, 1720. Died, 1757.—He was the youngest son of Edward, Viscount -Hinchingbrook, and entered the Navy, at an early age, in which profession -he was destined to distinguish himself, not only by his courage, and -skill as an officer, but by his extraordinary eccentricity, which gained -him the _soubriquet_ of “Mad Montagu.” He commanded the “Mermaid” at the -taking of Cape Breton, in 1745, whence he brought letters from Commodore -Warren, with an account of the surrender of the fortress of Louisburg, -and the adjoining territories, after a siege of forty-nine days. He -commanded the “Prince Edward,” and the “Bristol,” and took the “Orvena,” -a rich Spanish register ship. He appears to have been in constant -scrapes, both private, and public, frequently writing to his brother, -Lord Sandwich, in extenuation of some escapade, usually accompanied with -a confession that he had erred through his propensity for drinking. But -his genial humour, and untiring fun, generally extricated him from the -difficulties, into which his folly had plunged him, and his mad freaks -were a constant topic of conversation, and amusement. When under the -orders of Sir Edward Hawker, in 1755, he solicited permission to go to -town. The Admiral, thinking to compromise the matter and palliate his -refusal by a jest (as he had no intention of complying with so improper -a request), said he might go in his barge as far as he pleased from the -ship, but no farther. Captain Montagu immediately caused a truck to be -constructed at Portsmouth, to be drawn by horses; on this truck he placed -his barge filled with provisions and necessaries for three days, and -entering it with his men, gave orders to imitate the action of rowing -with the oars. Sir Edward, it is said, having heard of this wonderful -proceeding, in every sense of the word, soon after the boat was landed, -sent the coveted permission to the Mad-cap. - -In the sea-fight of May 3rd, 1747, Captain Montagu, and Captain Fincher, -were rival competitors for fame. The “Bristol” having got up to the -“Invincible,” and brought her to action, the “Pembroke” (Captain Fincher) -attempted to get in between them, desiring Montagu, to put his helm -a-starboard, or he should be aboard of him. “Run on board and be d——d! -Neither you nor any other man shall come between me and my enemy,” -was his answer. This action is the subject of a fine picture, in the -Ship-room at Hinchingbrook, by Scott. - -While commanding the same vessel in the Channel, Montagu fell in with -a fleet of outward bound Dutch merchantmen, to whom he gave chase and -overtook. Having done so, he ordered two boats to be manned, and sent -a carpenter’s mate in each, desiring them to cut off the heads of -twelve—not of the ship’s company, but of the ugliest of the grotesque -ornaments with which the Dutch usually decorated the extremity of their -rudders. When brought back to him, he arranged them, in as ridiculous -a position, as he could devise round his cabin, and inscribed them -with the names of the twelve Cæsars. A jest of a more ghastly nature, -is recorded of Mad Montagu. Landing one day at Portsmouth, just after a -Dutch vessel had been wrecked, he perceived about a dozen of her crew -lying dead, on the shore. He immediately ordered his men to put all -the poor fellows’ hands, into their pockets. He then proceeded to the -coffee-house, where he found the Dutch captain, with whom every one was -condoling. “D—— the idle lubbers!” said Montagu, “they were too lazy to -take their hands out of their breeches pockets, even to save their lives.” - -The Dutch captain was naturally indignant, when Montagu proposed to bet -him six dozen of wine, that if any of the crew chanced to be washed -on shore, his words would be proved. The waiter was despatched to -reconnoitre; the result of course, was in the English captain’s favour, -and not only had the poor foreigner to pay the forfeit, but the laugh on -a most melancholy matter was turned against him. Captain Montagu sat in -Parliament for a borough in Cornwall. He married Charlotte, daughter of -Francis Nailor, of Offord, Huntingdonshire, but died in 1757, without -issue. - - -_John, fourth Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY ZOFFANY. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In a Plum-coloured Court Suit, embroidered in Gold. Seated by - a Table, on which he rests his Arm. In his Right Hand a Letter - directed to himself.) - - -_Edward Richard, Viscount Hinchingbrook_: - -BY KNELLER. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Painted at the Age of Eighteen, in 1710. In Armour. Right Hand - on Hip, Left Hand on a Helmet.) - - -_Edward, Second Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Long Fair Curling Hair, or Wig. Loose Brown Dress, Lace Cravat - and Ruffles. Left Hand on Hip.) - -Born, 1648. Died, 1688.—The eldest son of the first Earl, by Jemima -Crewe. Born at Hinchingbrook, baptized at All Saints’ Church, Huntingdon. -Pepys does not tell us much about his young Lord, but he seems to have -been much attached to him. He relates how sorry he was for the misfortune -that had befallen him through killing his boy, by the accidental -discharge of his fowling-piece; and another time he mentions that Lord -Hinchingbrook, with some other gentlemen, visited him at his house, -having been to inspect the ruins of the city, (after the great fire) -where he “set before them good wines of several sorts, which they took -mighty respectfully, but I was glad to see my Lord Hinchingbrook.” -While Mistress Mallett, (the great heiress whom Lady Sandwich desired -for her son’s wife) was still unsettled, “my young Lord” attended her to -Tunbridge; but there she told him plainly her affections were engaged; -besides, Lord Hinchingbrook was not much pleased with her vanity, and -liberty of carriage. A better marriage in every respect, was in store -for him, and though not quite so wealthy as Mistress Mallett, Lady Anne -Boyle had a dowry of £10,000, and was indeed a great alliance, coming -of a noble stock. She was daughter of Richard, second Earl of Cork, -and first Earl of Burlington. The match appears to have been arranged -between the parents, and confided as a secret to Pepys, before Lord -Hinchingbrook himself, was acquainted with the project. It seems to have -been made by Sir George Carteret: “A civil family, and a relation to my -Lord Chancellor, whose son has married one of the daughters, [this was -Lord Rochester, son to Lord Clarendon, who had married Lady Henrietta -Boyle] and the Chancellor himself, do take it with great kindness.” -What a pity that the amusing chronicle should have come to so sudden an -end, through the weakness of poor Pepys’ eyes; otherwise we should have -heard details of how the sad news of the hero’s death was received in -his family, and more particulars respecting his son and successor. We -only know he attended his father’s funeral, as chief mourner, that he -was sent Ambassador to Portugal in 1678, and died in 1688, being buried -at Barnwell. He left issue: Edward, who succeeded him; Richard and -Elizabeth, who both died unmarried. - - -_Edward, First Earl of Sandwich_: - -AFTER LELY. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In a Cuirass with Red Sash. Holding a Bâton. Left Hand on the - Mouth of a Cannon.) - - -_George, Sixth Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY BEACH. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (In a Trinity College Gown, over a Green Coat. Standing by a - Pillar. View of Trinity College in Background.) - -Born, 1791. Died, 1818.—Second son of John, fifth Earl of Sandwich, by -Lady Mary, daughter and heiress of the sixth and last Duke of Bolton. -He was born in Wimpole Street; married in 1804 at the house of Lord -Castlereagh, in Upper Brook Street, Lady Louisa Corry, daughter of Armar, -first Earl of Belmore. In 1798, he was appointed Deputy Lieutenant for -Hunts, and in 1804, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Hunts Volunteers. Lord -Sandwich died at Cardinal Gonsalvi’s villa, near Rome, in 1818, both -he and Lady Sandwich having contracted a sincere friendship with the -Cardinal. His remains were brought to England, and interred with those of -his ancestors at Barnwell. - -He left issue by his wife, (who survived him forty-four years), one son, -John William, present and seventh Earl, and two daughters; Lady Harriet, -born 1805, married to Bingham Baring, (afterwards Lord Ashburton,) (she -died in 1857), and Lady Caroline, born 1810, married in 1831, to Count -Walewski, and died in 1834. - - -_Edward, third Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY CLOSTERMAN. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (Blue Velvet Coat and Coronation Robes. Standing near a Table, - on which is placed his Coronet.) - -Born, 1670. Died, 1729.—The eldest son of Edward, second Earl of -Sandwich, by Lady Anne Boyle. Born at Burlington House; married in 1691 -Lady Elizabeth Wilmot, daughter of the Earl of Rochester, by whom he had -one son, and one daughter. He was Master of the Horse to Prince George -of Denmark, Doctor of Laws in the University of Oxford, Lord-Lieutenant -and Custos-Rotulorum of the County of Huntingdon. The Earl of Sandwich -died at Burlington, in Yorkshire, but was buried in the family vault at -Barnwell. His union with the unprincipled daughter, of an unprincipled -father, was a most unhappy one. Noble affirms that his “eccentric” -Countess put him in durance vile in his own house, whether on a plea -of insanity, or not, does not appear; but much mystery hangs round her -extraordinary proceedings. Tradition still points to an apartment, in the -house at Hinchingbrook, as the place of Lord Sandwich’s imprisonment, -which for many years bore the name of the “Starved Chamber,” for it -is said the cruel wife denied her husband sufficient food, and would -allow no one to have access to him. The dates of these transactions are -difficult to identify. - - - - -_SHIP ROOM._ - - -THE TAKING OF TWO FRENCH PRIVATEERS AND ALL THEIR PRIZES BY THE -BRIDGEWATER AND SHEERNESS MEN-OF-WAR. - -BY SAMUEL SCOTT. - - -VICE-ADMIRAL ANSON’S ENGAGEMENT WITH THE FRENCH SQUADRON COMMANDED BY -M. DE LA JONQUIERE, MAY, 1747; FOUGHT TWENTY-FOUR LEAGUES S. E. OF CAPE -FINISTERRE. - -BY S. SCOTT. - - -ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN THE “BLAST,” SLOOP, AND TWO SPANISH PRIVATEERS. 1745. - - -THE TAKING OF THE SHIP “ACAPULCO” BY COMMODORE ANSON, IN THE SOUTH SEAS. -1743. - -BY S. SCOTT. - - -BATTLE OF SOUTHWOLD BAY, WHERE THE FIRST EARL OF SANDWICH PERISHED, MAY -28, 1672. - -BY W. VAN DE VELDE. - -A case hangs near this picture, containing miniatures by Cooper, of -Edward, first Earl of Sandwich, and Jemima his wife; also a fragment of -a Ribbon of the Order of the Garter, and the watch; both of which were -found on the body of Lord Sandwich, when washed ashore. - - -ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN THE SHIPS “LION” AND “ELIZABETH,” 1745. - -BY S. SCOTT. - -This desperate, and sanguinary engagement was fought on the 9th of May, -1745. The “Lion” had fifty-eight guns, and four hundred and forty men, -and was commanded by Captain Piercy Brett. The “Elizabeth,” a sixty-four -gun ship, was convoying another, of sixteen guns, with the Pretender on -board. They fought for five hours, within pistol shot of each other, -during which time, the frigate, with the Pretender on board, managed to -make her escape. The “Elizabeth” also at length, effected her entrance -into Brest Harbour. She had £400,000 on board, for the use of Charles -Edward. The “Lion,” unable to pursue, lay a complete wreck on the water. - - -EVENING. A CALM. ENGLISH MAN-OF-WAR AND SMALL CRAFT CRUISING. - -BY VAN DE VELDE. - - -A SKETCH FOR THE ENGAGEMENT IN SOUTHWOLD BAY. - -W. VAN DE VELDE. - - -THREE SKETCHES OF THE ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN THE “LION” AND “ELIZABETH.” - - - - -_DINING ROOM._ - - -_Louis XIV., King of France_: - -BY MIGNARD. - -Born, 1638. Died, 1715.—The son of Louis XIII., by Anne of Austria, who -was Regent during her son’s minority, though the real power was vested in -Cardinal Mazarin. In this prelate’s lifetime, the King himself interfered -little in public affairs, but at his death, in 1661, Louis determined to -be his own Prime Minister. He married Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip -IV., King of Spain. His reign was brilliant in arts, commerce, and arms, -but disgraced by immorality. - -As regards the exterior of the “Great Monarch,” his sister-in-law, (the -Duke of Orleans’ second wife, a Princess of Bavaria,) thus describes -him: “Personne n’avoit un si beau port, un aspect noble, la voix très -agréable, et des manières aisées. Quand il étoit dans la foule, on -n’avoit pas besoin, de demander qui étoit le Roi.” - - -_Henry William, First Marquis of Anglesey, K.G._: - -BY THE HON. HENRY GRAVES. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (In Uniform, as Colonel of the Seventh Hussars.) - -Born, 1768. Died, 1854.—Henry William Paget, the eldest child of the -first Earl of Uxbridge, by the eldest daughter of Arthur Champagné, Dean -of Clonmacnoise. Lord Paget was educated at Westminster, and Christ -Church, and in 1793, he raised a regiment among his father’s tenantry, -(the 80th Regiment of Foot, or Staffordshire Volunteers,) afterwards -eminently distinguished in foreign service. At the head of his own -regiment, Lord Paget joined H.R.H. the Duke of York in Flanders, and soon -gave proofs of skill, and gallantry. At Turcoing, he was remarkable for -his “dashing bravery,” and in the memorable retreat of Bois-le-duc, which -took place under great difficulties, and during intensely cold weather, -Lord Paget, then only twenty-six years of age, gained great honour, -and replaced Lord Cathcart at the head of the Brigade, during that -nobleman’s temporary absence. After several exchanges, and promotions, -he was appointed to the command of the seventh Light Dragoons, which was -stationed at Ipswich with other bodies of cavalry, for drill. Here he -laid the foundation of that system of discipline, which brought about an -entire reform in cavalry practice. In 1790-6, he sat in Parliament. - -In 1799, he accompanied the Duke of York to Holland, where he again -distinguished himself, on several occasions. He became a Major-General -in 1802, and a Lieutenant-General in 1808. Towards the end of this year, -he was ordered to Spain, with two Brigades of cavalry, where he remained -until the autumn of 1809, having reaped fresh laurels, in innumerable -engagements. On his return, a piece of plate was presented to him, by -the Prince Regent, the Duke of Cumberland, and the inscribed officers -of the Hussar Brigade, who served under Lord Paget, “in token of their -admiration of his high military acquirements, and of the courage, and -talent, constantly displayed in leading the Hussars to victory against -the French cavalry, during the Peninsular Campaign of 1808.” - -He sate in the House of Commons, till 1812, when the death of his -father, removed him to the Upper House. In 1815, he was employed with -the troops assembled in London, to quell the Corn Bill riots, but he was -soon appointed to a nobler office, and left England in command of the -cavalry of the Anglo-Belgian army. His name is well known in conjunction -with the great day at Waterloo: and well did he sustain “the honour of -the Household Troops,” which was his rallying cry to his men, in the -frequent charges they made, on the enemy. Almost the last shot that was -fired wounded our gallant soldier in the knee; amputation was considered -necessary, and the leg that was ever in advance, was buried with honour, -in a garden at Waterloo. - -Five days after the battle, he was raised to the Marquisate, by the title -of Anglesey. He was also created Knight of many Orders, both British, -and foreign. He rode as Lord High Steward, at the Coronation of George -IV., became a Privy Councillor, was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, -where he was deservedly popular. He held several high posts under -Government at home, and at his death was the only Field Marshal in the -English Army, with the exception of Her Majesty’s Consort, and her uncle. - -“It was the peculiarity,” was said of Lord Anglesey, “of his frank nature -to make itself understood; it might almost be said his character could -be read off at sight; he was the express image of chivalry. His politics -were so liberal, as to be called radical in those days, for he was in the -advance of his age; but the measures which were then opposed have since -been extolled, and carried, such as Catholic Emancipation, Reform, Free -Trade, etc. He was not a ‘speaker,’ and could not talk well, of what he -did well.” His administration of the Ordnance Department, was remarkable -for its scrupulous justice, and he was always the soldier’s true friend. - -On the death of the Duke of Gordon, King William IV. offered Lord -Anglesey the command of the Scots Fusilier Guards. He sought an interview -with the King, and after warmly expressing his gratitude, he added: “I -am sure that in naming me to this honour, your Majesty has not borne in -mind, the fact that Lord Ludlow lost an arm in Holland, at the head of -this regiment.” The King was delighted with this proof of generosity, and -Lord Ludlow had to thank his comrade, for the regiment. - -Till past three score, Lord Anglesey retained a wonderful share of -vigour, and activity, in spite of the loss of his limb, and the terrible -nervous sufferings entailed thereby. In his last moments the ruling -passion showed itself, for when his mind wandered for a few moments, the -gallant veteran would enquire what brigade was on duty, and he appeared -relieved, when they answered it was not his own. His death was serene; -his bedroom, and the one adjoining crowded by relatives, and his last -words to them were cheering. - -Lord Anglesey married first in 1795, Lady Caroline Villiers, daughter -of the Earl of Jersey, from whom he was divorced. She re-married the -Duke of Argyll, and died in 1835. By his first wife he had three sons, -of whom the eldest succeeded him, and five daughters. His second wife -was the daughter of Earl Cadogan, whose marriage with Lord Cowley had -been dissolved. She died in 1853: by whom he had three sons and three -daughters, of whom the second, became the Countess of Sandwich. - -This portrait was painted by Lord Anglesey’s nephew, the Hon. Henry -Graves. - - -_William, Duke of Cumberland_: - -BY SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (In the Robes of the Garter. Standing by a Table. River, - Bridge, and Castle in the Background.) - -Born, 1721. Died, 1765.—The third son of George II., King of England, by -Carolina Wilhelmina, daughter of the Margrave of Anspach. In 1743, he -was wounded by the side of his father, at the Battle of Dettingen; he was -unsuccessful at Fontenoy. His name is ever coupled with the discomfiture -of Charles Edward’s forces in Scotland, and their entire defeat, at -the Battle of Culloden. He gained a name for severity, and cruelty, -during this campaign, and is still remembered in the north as “Billy the -Butcher.” - -This fine portrait was presented by H.R.H., to John, fourth Earl of -Sandwich, with whom he formed a friendship, at the time of the Treaty of -Aix-la-Chapelle. - - -_Maria Theresa, Queen of France_: - -BY MIGNARD. - -Born, 1638. Married, 1660. Died, 1683.—Daughter of Philip IV., King of -Spain, by his first wife, Elizabeth of France. Mazarin arranged this -marriage to ensure peace. The Duke de Grammont went to Madrid, as -Plenipotentiary in 1659, and thus addressed the King of Spain: “Sire, -le Roi mon maître vous accorde la paix, et à vous, Madame, il offre -son cœur, et sa couronne.” She accepted both, but was compelled to -share the first, with innumerable rivals. Gentle, modest, loving, and -sensitive, she was constantly insulted by the King’s favourites; yet her -devotion to him, never wavered, and a kind word from her royal master, -made her happy for the rest of the day. He appointed her Regent, when -he went to Holland, but she was not fitted for public life. “To serve -God, and honour the King,” was her golden rule. Madame d’Orléans, (the -German Princess), one of the other few good women of that age, pays her -sister-in-law, this tribute: “Elle étoit d’une extrême simplicité en -tout; la femme la plus vertueuse, et la meilleure, du monde. Elle avoit -de la grandeur, et elle savoit représenter, et tenir sa cour; elle avoit -une foi entière, et sans réserve pour tout ce que le Roi lui disoit. Le -Roi l’aimoit à cause de sa vertu, et de l’ardent amour qu’elle lui a -constamment conservé, quoiqu’il lui fût infidèle.” On her return from -an expedition she had made, with her husband to Alsace and Bourgogne, -the Queen fell ill and died. “Voilà,” observed “le Grand Monarque” on -that occasion, “le premier chagrin qu’elle m’ait donné.” Had she been the -survivor, she could not assuredly have paid Louis a similar tribute. - -These two portraits, formed part of the collection of the celebrated -“Capability Brown.” - - -_John William, Seventh Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY LUCAS. - -Born, 1811. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; was Captain of the -Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, in 1852, and Master of the Buckhounds, -1858-9. Colonel of the Huntingdon Rifle Militia, and High Steward of -Huntingdon, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Huntingdonshire. -Married first; Lady Mary Paget, daughter of the first Marquis of -Anglesey, by whom he had four sons and two daughters, and who died in -1859. He married secondly, Lady Blanche Egerton, daughter of the first -Earl of Ellesmere. - - -_Mrs. Ruperta Howe_: - -BY WISSING OR MYTENS. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (Standing by a Doric Column. Light Red Riding-dress, - embroidered Petticoat, Long Coat, Waistcoat. Hat in Hand.) - -Born, 1671. Died, 1741.—The natural daughter of Prince Rupert, third -son of Frederick, King of Bohemia, “a studious Prince,” who being -enraptured with Mrs. Hughes, a beautiful actress, bade adieu to alembics, -mathematical instruments, and chemical speculations, to subdue the heart -of the “impertinent gipsy.” At his death the Prince left the whole of -his property in trust, with a beautiful estate he had purchased on -purpose, for the use, and behoof of Mistress Hughes and their daughter. -Ruperta married Emanuel Scrope Howe, Esq., the second son of John -Howe, Co. Gloucester, by Arabella, natural daughter of Emanuel Scrope, -Baron Bolton, and Earl of Sunderland, to whom Charles II. granted the -precedence of an Earl’s daughter, lawfully begotten. The husband of -Ruperta was in the army, and rose to the rank of Brigadier-General. He -was Groom of the Bedchamber to Queen Anne, and in 1707, went as Envoy to -the Court of Hanover. He represented Morpeth, and Wigan, in Parliament, -and died in 1709, having had issue three sons, William, Emanuel, and -James, and one daughter, Maid of Honour to Caroline, Princess of Wales, -(afterwards Queen). She died unmarried. This picture is mentioned in -Noble, but the painter’s name is not given. - - -_John, Fourth Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY JOHN LIOTARD. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (In a Turkish Costume, of Crimson, and Ermine. Green and White - Turban, Yellow Slippers. Right Hand extended. Left on Hip.) - -Born, 1718. Died, 1792.—he was the son of Edward, Viscount Hinchingbrook, -by Elizabeth Popham. Educated at Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge, -where he distinguished himself. In 1738, he set out on his travels -through Italy, Egypt, Turkey, etc., accompanied by some friends, during -which time he made a collection of coins, and antiquities, of all kinds, -some of which, he presented to the University of Cambridge. He wrote a -book of his travels, and on his return to England, took his seat in the -House of Lords, and entered on a political life. He spoke remarkably -well in Parliament, and in 1744 became a Lord of the Admiralty under -the Duke of Bedford, “into whose favour” says a contemporary with much -acrimony, “Lord Sandwich had ingratiated himself, by cricket matches, -acting of plays, and intrigues.” But Horace Walpole, although he did not -appear very friendly to Lord Sandwich, is constantly compelled to do him -justice, in his public capacity. “He is a lively, sensible man, and very -attentive to business;” and on the famous occasion of Wilkes’ libel, he -again says: “I do not admire politicians, but when they are excellent -in their way, give them their due; no one but Lord Sandwich could have -struck a stroke like this.” - -In 1746, he was appointed Plenipotentiary to the States General, and -again at the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, where he distinguished himself, -in such a manner as to recommend him for high offices of trust, on his -return to England. It was on this occasion, that at a large international -dinner, toasts were passing, and the different Envoys became poetical, as -well as loyal in their phraseology. The Frenchman gave “his Royal Master -the Sun, who illuminates the whole world;” the Spaniard “his Master the -Moon, scarcely inferior in brilliancy or influence;” when Lord Sandwich -rose, doubtless with the twinkle in his eye, and the laughing curl round -the corners of his mouth, we see in most of his portraits, and toasted -with all the honours “his Master Joshua, who made both the sun and moon -to stand still.” - -During the King’s absence from England, Sandwich was chosen one -of the Commissioners of Government. He was also Vice-treasurer, -Receiver-general, &c., for Ireland, and under the new King George III, -was nominated Ambassador to Spain; but in the same year he succeeded -George Grenville as First Lord of the Admiralty. Few men ever filled that -office with more ability, and under his direction the maritime force -of Great Britain, was kept on such a footing as enabled us to meet our -numerous foes in every quarter of the globe with honour, and ensured to -us the victories we gained over the Trench, Spaniards, and Dutch. Lord -Sandwich was world-famed for his regularity, dispatch, and industry in -business; it is said that he invented sandwiches in order to take some -nourishment without interrupting his work. - -The following lines were written on him and Lord Spencer:— - - “Two noble Earls, whom if I quote, - Some folks might call me sinner; - The one invented half a coat, - The other half a dinner.” - -He gained the name of “Jemmy Twitcher,” through a curious circumstance. -Wilkes and Sandwich had once been friends, but the former having composed -a scurrilous and disloyal poem, the latter was so incensed as to procure -a copy and read it aloud, in the House of Lords. Just at this juncture -the “Beggar’s Opera” was being acted, and when Macheath exclaimed: “But -that Jemmy Twitcher should peach, I own surprises me,” the chief part of -the audience, who were partisans of “Wilkes, and Liberty,” burst into -a round of applause, applying the passage to Lord Sandwich, who never -afterwards lost the _soubriquet_. - -There are many passages in his life which compel us to agree with his -constant censor Horace Walpole, when he says: “Bishop Warburton is at -this moment reinstating Mr. Pitt’s name in the dedication of a Book -of Sermons, which he had expunged for Sandwich’s. This nobleman is an -agreeable companion, but one whose moral character, does not exactly -fit him to be the patron of sermons.” But Mr. Cradock (and none knew -him better) in his most amusing reminiscences, tells us, whatever his -errors may have been, Lord Sandwich was most severe in the observance of -decorous language, and behaviour, under his roof. No oath, or profligate -word, was ever uttered at his table. The same authority states, that in -political life he underwent many persecutions, and bore daily insults, -and misrepresentations with the courage of a stoic, without stooping to -retaliation. “Others,” says Mr. Cradock, “received emoluments, but Lord -Sandwich retired without any remuneration, for his services.” His public -career lasted for more than half a century, when he made Hinchingbrook -his chief abode. He spoke French and Italian fluently, was acquainted -with the German, and Spanish languages, and had a smattering of the -oriental tongues. - -In the midst of all his hospitality, he was very frugal in his own -living, and was much beloved by his dependants, not forgetting Omai the -Otaheitan, and the faithful black servant, Jemmy, who lies buried in -Brompton Churchyard, and a characteristic little sketch of whom still -exists. An amusing incident occurred respecting the latter, which is -worth recording. It seems that on one occasion, the day after some -dramatic representation had taken place at Hinchingbrook, Lord Sandwich -enquired at breakfast of a gentleman who was proverbial for cavilling, -and finding fault, whether he had been satisfied with the performance. -The visitor answered in the affirmative, but in so hesitating a manner, -that Lord Sandwich insisted on knowing the fault. “So slight, my Lord, -scarcely worth alluding to.” “The easier remedied next time.” “Well, -it only struck me, that the coloured servant in the piece was not -sufficiently blackened.” The noble host rose silently and rang the bell: -enter Jemmy. “Jemmy,” says his master, “this gentleman says you are not -black enough.” “I bery sorry, my Lord, I be as God Almighty made me.” - -Miss Burney, in her youth, saw Lord Sandwich, and thus describes him: -“He is a tall stout man, and looks as furrowed and weatherbeaten as -any sailor in the Navy; and, like most of the old set of that brave -tribe, he has the marks of good nature, and joviality in every feature.” -Another contemporary gives him this character: “Slow, not wearisome, a -man of sense, rather than of talent; good-natured, and reliable as to -promises. His house was filled with rank, beauty and talent, and every -one felt at ease there. The patron of musicians, the soul of the Catch -Club [he might have added a proficient on the kettledrum], although -deficient in ear, and knowledge of harmony.” He had an engaging manner in -private life, which put every one at their ease, although he occasionally -tried his friends’ patience by a playful bantering, or what Mr. Cradock -calls badgering, such as; “Ladies, here is Cradock says, a man cannot -be punctual unless he wears a wig.” “No, my Lord, I said a man may be -punctual, but his hair dresser may be late, and make him so.” - -He dressed well, and looked “noble,” but he had a shambling unequal gait. -When in Paris he took dancing lessons, and, bidding his master good-bye, -told him if he came to London, he would willingly recommend or serve -him. “Ah, milor,” said the man, “pray do not say _I_ taught you to dance.” - -Lord Sandwich retained his faculties almost to the end, and spoke with -great clearness and precision, of all the remarkable public events, of -which he had been a witness, in his stirring life. He was an F.R.S., a -Governor of the Charterhouse, the eldest of the elder Brothers of the -Trinity House, and the oldest General in the army. - -In 1740, he married Judith, third daughter of Charles, Viscount Fane, of -Basildon, Berks. The marriage was unhappy, and they were separated for -several years before her death. Their children were: John, who succeeded -him, Edward, William Augustus, and one daughter, Mary. Lord Sandwich died -at his house in Hertford Street, Mayfair, in 1792. - - -_Edward, First Earl of Sandwich_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -FULL LENGTH. - - (In the Robes of the Garter.) - - -_Mariana, Queen Regent of Spain_: - -BY SEBASTIAN HERRERA. - -FULL LENGTH. - - (Seated. In a Religious Habit, the Widow’s Weeds worn in Spain.) - -Born, 1631. Died, 1696.—The eldest daughter of Ferdinand III., Emperor of -Germany, by the daughter of Philip III., King of Spain. Married Philip -IV., in 1649. On her arrival in Spain, as a youthful bride, Mariana’s -deportment had to undergo severe discipline, from the strict etiquette -of the court, and the stern dignity of her royal husband, whom she -shocked by the exuberance of her animal spirits, and above all, her -immoderate laughter at the sallies of the Court Fool. When admonished on -one occasion, she excused herself by saying it was out of her power to -restrain her merriment, and that the Jester must be removed, or she must -laugh on. Mariana was remarkable for the extravagance and tawdriness of -her dress, as may be seen in the portraits by Velasquez. Her chief beauty -consisted in her magnificent hair, which she disfigured by dressing it, -in an outrageous manner, with feathers, flowers, and love knots. At a -period when rouge was much worn, the immoderate use of it, made her -“brick-dust cheeks” a ridiculous object, and altogether, says Stirling: -“She is far more interesting wearing the widow’s weeds, in which she sate -to Carreno, and Herrera, than in the butterfly garb in which she flaunts -on the canvas of Velasquez.” She was as inferior to her predecessor, -Isabelle de Bourbon, Philip’s first wife, in qualities of mind, as in -graces of person. She became a widow; and Regent of the Kingdom, on the -accession of her son Charles II., in 1665. - -Mariana divided her confidence, between her confessor, a German Jesuit, -and a gentleman of her household, Valenzuela by name. He was remarkably -handsome; and the Queen Mother made a marriage between him, and one of -her German ladies, which established him in her Palace, where he became -her chief confidant, and was admitted to her apartments at all hours, -his wife being generally present, to avoid scandal. Mariana’s faction was -strongly opposed by Don John of Austria, the late King’s natural son, (by -the beautiful actress, Maria Calderona.) He was handsome, intellectual, -and accomplished, and in military genius alone, was he inferior to his -namesake, the hero of Lepanto. His father loved him dearly, but the -Queen had contrived to estrange them, some little time before Philip’s -death. The ups and downs of the struggle between Don John, and Mariana -were never ending: now her star appeared in the ascendant, then the -evil repute of her confessor, his inefficiency in business, and the -overbearing insolence of Valenzuela, brought down the influence of the -Regent to a low ebb. Now at open variance with her husband’s son, now -consenting with a bad grace to his participation in the Government, and -then procuring for him an office at some distance from Madrid, so as to -be rid of his immediate presence. - -Don John ruled well, and held a little Court at Saragossa, but he and the -Regent were always at variance, and so disgusted were the people with -her government, and that of her favourites, that many clamoured for Don -John, while some went so far as to say he was the rightful heir, and that -Mariana’s and Maria Calderona’s infants, had been changed. - -Whether from motives of patriotism or ambition, Don John worked steadily -to undermine the Regent’s power, and the vanity and ostentation of -Valenzuela contributed unconsciously to the same end. He was generally -supposed to be a spy, and was called the Queen’s “Duendo.”[1] At -tournaments he wore the Queen Mother’s colours of black and silver, with -many ostentatious mottos, which seemed to insinuate the high favour, in -which he stood with that Royal Lady. One day, when the Court were hunting -near the Escurial, the King shot at a stag, and wounded Valenzuela in -the thigh, whereat Queen Mariana shrieked, and fell senseless. On this -“hint” many spake, especially Don John, and his party, who told the King -plainly, that he and Spain were not only governed by the Regent, but -by her paramour. The King went to Buen Retiro, and denied himself to -his mother, who was desired to leave Madrid; Valenzuela was arrested, -his wife and children shut up in a convent, and the “handsome, vain, -well-dressed courtier, with his fine curling locks, who had considered -many of the nobles of Spain beneath his notice,” was sent off to the -Philippine Islands. Don John came into power, and Mariana had a small -Court, which was little better than a prison, at Aranjuez, where Madame -d’Aulnoy visited her. She was dressed in the manner of this portrait, -served on the bended knee, and waited on by a hideous little dwarf, -clothed in gold and silver brocade. Don John’s government was no -sinecure; cabals were rife, and he died so suddenly that it was currently -reported that he had been poisoned, at Mariana’s instigation. Be that as -it may, no sooner was the death of Don John announced, than the King went -off to his mother, in person, and insisted on her return to Madrid. - -Charles II. had just married his second wife, an alliance which Mariana -had supported from the beginning. But she did not long survive; shortly -after the Peace of Ryswick, died Mariana of Austria, Queen Mother of -Spain; her death was supposed to have been hastened by her reluctance to -consult the physicians, although her health had been failing for some -time past. - -This interesting portrait, together with that of her son, King Charles -II., was presented by the Queen Mother, then Regent, to Edward, first -Earl of Sandwich, when Ambassador, to the Court of Madrid, in 1666. - -[1] Wizard or Familiar. - - -_Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (Seated, leaning on a Table, resting her Head on her Hand. - Wears a White Satin Dress, trimmed with Blue, and Pearls.) - -Born, 1640. Died, 1709.—The only child of William Villiers, Viscount -Grandison, by Mary, third daughter of the first, and sister and -co-heiress of the second Viscount Bayning. - -Lord Grandison, of whom Clarendon gives an exalted character for -piety, loyalty, and valour; died in 1643, at Oxford, (of a wound which -he had received a few weeks before, at the siege of Bristol), leaving -a widow of 18, who five years afterwards, was re-married to Charles -Villiers, Earl of Anglesey, cousin-german to her first husband. She -did not long survive, and at her death, left her beautiful daughter to -the stepfather’s care. It was under Lord Anglesey’s roof, that Barbara -passed her early years, and we hear of her, on her first arrival in -London, dressed in “a plain and countrified manner,” but this fashion -was soon changed for the last “mode” of the town, and her surpassing -beauty made her the object of general admiration. At the age of 16, -the precocious coquette had already captivated Philip Stanhope, second -Earl of Chesterfield, a young widower, who had just returned from his -travels, and succeeded to his title, and property—“a beauty, a wit, a -duellist,” and according to Swift, “the greatest knave in England.” -His correspondence with Barbara, and her confidante and cousin, Lady -Anne Hamilton (which was found in the Library of Bath House, in 1869), -breathes the most ardent passion, which did not however, interfere with -his being called three times in Church, the same year, with the daughter -of Lord Fairfax, (who subsequently married George, Duke of Buckingham). - -So early in life had Barbara embarked in a career of guilt, and artifice, -that in spite of her liaison with Chesterfield, she threw her spells to -such purpose round Master Roger Palmer, student of the Middle Temple, -second son of Sir James Palmer, of Hayes, Middlesex, that the misguided -youth married her in spite of the paternal prohibition. But the young -wife did not break off her connection with her former lover, and not long -after her marriage, she writes to Chesterfield, in a most affectionate -manner, speaking of her recovery from the small-pox, and alluding to -“Mounseer’s” (Mr. Palmer) jealousy, and how “he is resolved never to -bring me to towne again.” Lord Chesterfield, in consequence of killing -a young man in a duel, was compelled to fly the country, and he took -refuge at Paris, at the Court of the Queen Mother (Henrietta Maria), -and afterwards joined the English King, at Breda, where he solicited, -and received the royal pardon, and returned to England with Charles on -his restoration: all the time he was on the continent, keeping up his -correspondence with his adored Barbara. - -There exists great difference of opinion, as to the date of the first -meeting between the King, and Mistress Palmer, but there seems little -doubt that the favourite’s reign began on Charles’s eventful day, the -29th of May, 1660. Mr. Palmer, now a member of Parliament, had a house in -King Street, Westminster, close to the Palace, as also to the lodgings -of the Earl of Sandwich, whose housekeeper, “Sarah,” supplied his -lordship’s cousin, and daily visitor, Mr. Pepys, with abundant gossip. -The far-famed diary abounds in anecdotes of Barbara, praises of her -beauty, alternating with blame of her conduct, but every word shewing the -fascination she exercised over the writer. The Earl of Anglesey died in -1660-61: and about the same time a daughter was born to Mistress Palmer, -which was the occasion of much scandal. [Roger Palmer was now raised to -the title of Earl of Castlemaine, and Baron Limerick]. In 1662 Charles -II. married Catherine of Braganza, but “Sarah” informed Pepys, that the -King supped every night in the week preceding his nuptials, with Lady -Castlemaine: “Likewise, when the whole street was aglow with bonfires, -the night of the Queen’s arrival, there was no fire at my lady’s door.” -On the birth of a second child a dreadful altercation took place between -the husband, and wife, but the feud was ostensibly a religious one, for -Lord Castlemaine, who had lately embraced the Roman Catholic faith, -caused the infant to be baptized by a Popish Priest. Madam was furious, -and, as usual, victorious in her struggles, and a few days afterwards -“Charles” was re-baptized by a Protestant Minister, in the presence of -his godfathers, the King, Lord Oxford, &c. Shortly after this event, -Lady Castlemaine left her lord, carrying with her all her plate, and -valuables. “They say,” writes Pepys, “that his Lordship is gone to -France, to enter a Monastery.” - -On the appointment of the Ladies of the Bedchamber to the Queen, Lady -Sandwich was justified in her fear, “that the King would still keep in, -with Lady Castlemaine.” A great commotion occurred, in the old Palace -of Hampton Court. The Queen had never mentioned the favourite’s name; -therefore Charles hoped she was ignorant of her rival’s existence; but -when the list of the proposed Ladies of the Bedchamber, was submitted -to her Majesty, Catherine deliberately pricked out the name of my Lady -Castlemaine, which much disturbed her husband. By the King’s command, -Lord Clarendon, sorely against his inclination, waited on Her Majesty, -to try and induce her to cancel her refusal, but the Queen “was much -discontented with her husband,” and declared that rather than submit -to the insult, she would desire to return to her own country. Lady -Castlemaine through an artifice however, approached her Royal mistress, -and kissed her hand; who, on discovering the trick, fell into a swoon, -and was carried from the apartment. The King was furious; the Queen for -a while appeared inflexible, but Charles gained his point in the end, -for after some time had elapsed, Barbara’s appointment was confirmed, -and from that time forth, the Queen, by some strange persuasion, or -obedience to the King’s orders, treated her rival with familiarity, and -confidence; “was,” says Pepys, “merry with her in public, and in private -used nobody more friendly.” But then, according to the same authority, -“the Queen is a most good lady, and takes all, with the greatest meekness -that may be.” - -The syren seems indeed to have bewitched every one, Dryden himself did -not disdain to write a poem in her honour. On one occasion the Countess -had a violent altercation, with “la belle Stewart,” Maid of Honour, who -had excited her jealousy, and the King, taking part against her, the -imperious lady walked off to her uncle’s at Richmond, whither Charles -soon followed her, on pretence of hunting, but really to ask pardon. -Not long after, however, Pepys saw her on horseback, with the King, the -Queen, Mistress Stewart, etc.; but he thought the King looked coldly on -her, “and when she had to ’light, nobody pressed to take her down, but -her own gentleman, and she looked, though handsome, mighty out of humour, -and had a yellow plume in her hat.” A report reached the Queen’s ears, -that Barbara had turned Papist, but though a zealot in her religion, -Catherine “did not much like it, as she did not believe it was done for -conscience sake.” Perhaps her Majesty agreed, with the learned Divine who -said that “if the Church of Rome had got no more by Lady Castlemaine, -than the Church of England had lost, the matter was not much.” - -A curious, and unpleasant adventure befell Lady Castlemaine, in the Park, -returning from a visit to the Duchess of York at St. James’s Palace, -attended only by her maid, and a little page. She was accosted by three -gentlemen in masks, who upbraided her in the strongest language, and -reminded her that the mistress of Edward IV. had died of starvation, on a -dunghill, abandoned by all the world. The infuriated and terrified beauty -no sooner reached home, than she swooned; the King ran to the rescue, -ordered the gates of the Park to be shut, but it was too late—several -arrests were made, but no discovery ensued. - -In the year of the Plague, the Court being at Oxford, Lady Castlemaine -gave birth to a son, at Merton College. The lady and the King had high -words on the occasion of the Duke of Buckingham being sent to the Tower, -she speaking up boldly, in his behalf, Charles saying she was a jade -that meddled in matters she had nothing to do with; she retorting that -he was “a fool to suffer his business to be carried on by fools,” and so -forth. But before five days had elapsed the Duke was at liberty. Lady -Castlemaine was a determined enemy to Chancellor Clarendon, and she had -declared in the Queen’s chamber, she hoped to see his head upon a stake -to keep company with those of the Regicides, and there is no doubt she -was instrumental in procuring the downfall of the King’s “faithful and -able adviser.” Gambling was another vice in which Barbara indulged, and -Pepys tells us she won £15,000, one night, and lost £25,000 another. But -her favour was on the wane: she was libelled, and abused, and the King -was weary of her, and it was reported that he had given her large sums of -money and a fine house, (the residence of the Earls of Berkshire, on the -south-west corner of St. James’s Street,) merely to get rid of her. Yet -she still ruled him in many points, and she made great friends with the -Duke and Duchess of York, while one of her violent hatreds was against -the Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, because he would not -confirm the grant of Phœnix Park, a house near Dublin, which the King -had promised her. Meeting him in one of the royal apartments, she fell -upon him with a torrent of abuse, and ended by expressing a hope that she -might live to see him hanged. His Grace replied with calm dignity, “he -was in no haste to shorten her days; all he wished was to live, to see -her old.” - -In 1670, Barbara, Countess of Castlemaine, was created Baroness Nonsuch, -Countess of Southampton, and Duchess of Cleveland, in the Peerage of -England, with the Palace and Park of Nonsuch, in Surrey, and an enormous -increase of income: so that as far as pecuniary advantages went, the King -was still sufficiently under her spell, to comply with her exorbitant -demands. John Churchill, (afterwards the great Duke of Marlborough,) -when a Court Page attracted the attention of Barbara. She lavished gifts -upon him, procured him the post of Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke -of York, and obtained his promotion in the army. But in later years when -her beauty had passed away, and her favour at Court, the man who had -risen by her influence, refused to speak a word in her behalf, respecting -the renewal of her ill-paid pension. The last grant made to the Duchess -of Cleveland, and to the Earl of Northumberland, for their lives, was -the Rangership of the honour, and manor of Hampton Court; but the lodge -in Bushy Park was not habitable. It was about this time, that Barbara -went to France, her name appearing as a liberal patroness to the Convent -of the Blue Nuns, in the Faubourg St. Antoine (where she had placed her -daughter Barbara), and other religious houses. - -In 1678 occurred the episode, with the English Ambassador, to which we -have alluded in the notice of the Duke of Montagu, when Barbara on her -return from London, found that her own daughter, the Countess of Sussex, -had supplanted her, in the favour of that fickle nobleman. In 1694, she -was living in Arlington Street, Piccadilly, and received as a companion -a certain Madame De la Rivière, one of the daughters and co-heiresses of -Sir Roger Manley, Bart., a woman of no reputation, save as the authoress -of some inferior literary productions; who after a stormy friendship, -repaid her patroness’s hospitality by contriving a clandestine marriage -for her eldest son, the Duke of Southampton, with the daughter of Sir -William Pulteney, a match very much disapproved by his mother. - -Lord Castlemaine died in 1705. After his separation from his wife, as -far back as 1662, his life was eventful; he travelled far, fought at -Solebay, was twice sent to the Tower, went as Ambassador to Rome, was the -author of several political pamphlets, and in fact “meddled a little in -everything around.” Four months after his death, his widow married the -celebrated “Beau” Feilding, the widower of two heiresses, viz., the only -daughter of Lord Carlingford, and the only daughter of the Marquis of -Clanricarde, widow of Viscount Muskerry, and of Robert Villiers, Viscount -Purbeck. Both ladies died without children, and the Beau at the time of -his marriage with Duchess Barbara, was a man of desperate fortune, and -character. He ill-treated his wife, who was most generous to him, and -would have divested her of all her property, had not her sons stood by -her. Fortunately, for her Grace, it was discovered that the Beau had -already, but a few days before his marriage with her, espoused a certain -Mary Wadsworth, who had been palmed off upon his credulity, as a widow of -enormous wealth. He was tried, and found guilty of bigamy, Barbara being -in court during the trial, and the marriage was pronounced null, and void. - -She passed the remainder of her life at Chiswick, where she died of -dropsy in the sixty-ninth year of her age, 1709. She left a considerate -will, and gave strict orders concerning her funeral, desiring to be -buried at the parish church. Her pall was borne by six Peers of the -realm. Barbara’s three sons were the Duke of Cleveland and Southampton, -the Duke of Grafton, and the Duke of Northumberland; the first and last -titles became extinct. Her daughters were the Countess of Sussex, the -Countess of Lichfield, “a blameless beauty,” and Lady Barbara Fitzroy, -(disowned by the King, and supposed to be the daughter of John Churchill, -afterwards Duke of Marlborough), who took the veil, and died as Prioress -of a convent in France. Bishop Burnet, in speaking of Barbara, Duchess -of Cleveland, says: “She was a woman of great beauty, vicious, ravenous, -foolish, and imperious.” Another contemporary says: “She was a great -contradiction, unboundedly lavish, yet sordidly covetous.” - -Portrait galleries teem with likenesses of Barbara, at different ages, -in different costumes, and “moods.” In the celebrated “Bellona” of the -Hampton Court Beauties we detect the “arrogant virago” who carried all -before her: but in the portrait in question, her beauty is far more -captivating from the pensive and languid expression, which softens her -brilliant eyes, and smooths the corners of her finely cut but usually -severe lips. No wonder, Lord Sandwich was delighted with his present. -Pepys does not specify the donor, whether the lady, or the artist; but he -says: “My Lady Sandwich showed me, and Mistress Pepys, Lady Castlemaine’s -picture, at the new house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, finely done, and given -my Lord;” and in another page, he calls it “that most blessed picture.” - - -_General Ireton_: - -BY DOBSON. - -THREE-QUARTER LENGTH. - - (Long Hair. Red Doublet. A Cuirass and Sash. Buff Gloves. Right - Hand holding the Sash. Left on his Hip.) - -Born, 1611. Died, 1651. Son of Gervase Ireton, Esq., of Attenborough, Co. -Notts. Was a gentleman-commoner, at Trinity College, Oxford. Destined for -the bar; but the Civil War breaking out, he obtained a commission in the -Parliamentary Army. In 1645 he married at Norton, near Oxford, Bridget, -the eldest daughter of Oliver Cromwell, by whom he had one son, and -four daughters. In 1649 he was appointed one of the King’s judges, and -signed the warrant for his execution. He was a man of undoubted courage, -and distinguished himself in numerous engagements, more especially at -the battle of Naseby. His views were violently republican, but his -integrity stern and uncompromising; no mercenary motives influenced -him. Eleven years the junior of Cromwell, and his son-in-law, he dared -to differ with him, and to expostulate boldly when he disapproved of -the Protector’s conduct. After the battle of Worcester he was offered -pecuniary remuneration, with several other members of the Parliamentary -Army, but he was disinterested enough to refuse £20,000, and to tell the -government roundly, he should be more content to see them paying off the -debts they had incurred, than thus disposing of the public money. It was -thought that his appointment as Lord Deputy in Ireland, was intended by -the Protector to remove him from all possibility of interference with his -own proceedings; and there seems little doubt that Ireton, shortly before -his death, had contemplated crossing the Channel to speak face to face -with his father-in-law, in reference to many measures he disapproved. But -he was suddenly seized, and carried off by the Plague, during the siege -of Limerick in 1651. - -Ireton was held in great esteem by his party and his comrades, and it was -said of him that he grafted the soldier on the lawyer, and the statesman -on the saint. Cromwell was much affected at his death, and caused the -body to be brought over, and deposited with great pomp in Westminster -Abbey, in Henry VII.’s Chapel. At the Restoration however, the body was -dug up, and hung upon a gibbet at Tyburn. - - -_Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England_: - -BY WALKER. - -HALF-LENGTH: OVAL. - - (In Armour, with a Plain Falling Collar.) - -Born, 1599. Died, 1658—The only surviving son of Robert Cromwell, by -Elizabeth Stewart: born in Huntingdon, named after his uncle, Sir Oliver -Cromwell, of Hinchingbrook, where he passed many of his earlier days. -Numerous stories are told, (some ridiculed, some generally believed,) -of Oliver’s infancy, and boyhood. It is said that on one occasion he -was snatched from his cradle by a monkey, who jumping out of the window, -scampered over the roof of Hinchingbrook, to the consternation of the -family, who stood watching the beast, with great anxiety. Whether or not -the monkey felt, that he bore in his arms the future ruler of England, -the chronicler does not affirm, but he goes on to relate, that the fears -of the relatives were soon appeased by seeing the baby safely restored -to his cradle, by the conscientious ape! Another incident connected with -Hinchingbrook was more currently believed, viz., that Charles I., when a -boy, visited Sir Oliver, on his road from Scotland to London. The good -knight sent for his nephew to help him entertain the Prince, which he did -by disputing violently with his Royal Highness: a quarrel ensued, and -Oliver, being the strongest of the two, caused Charles’s blood to flow, -an ominous presage of after times. We do not know how Sir Oliver visited -his nephew’s outbreak, but he was a staunch cavalier, and supported the -Royalists till his death. - -Oliver, when a school-boy, was wilful, and wayward, and fond of wild and -sometimes coarse jests. One Christmas night, the revels at Hinchingbrook -were interrupted by some unseemly pranks of his conceiving, which called -down upon him, a sentence from the Master of Misrule that Sir Oliver -ordered into immediate execution, viz., that the young recreant should be -subjected then, and there, to a severe ducking in one of the adjoining -fishponds. When still a school-boy, another anecdote is told of Oliver; -that on awaking from a short sleep, one hot day, he electrified his -schoolfellows with the description of a dream, he had had. How a woman -of gigantic stature had appeared at the side of his bed, and slowly -undrawing the curtains, had announced to him that some day, he would -be the greatest man in England—the word “King” did not however pass -her lips. The young visionary was rewarded for this lie, (as it was -considered) by a severe flogging. A better authenticated story is told -of his rescue from drowning, by one Johnson, a citizen of Huntingdon, of -whom General Cromwell enquired (when in after years, he marched through -his native town, with the army) if he remembered the circumstance: -“Yes,” was the indignant reply, “and I wish to my heart I had let you -drown, rather than to see you in arms, against your King.” - -At the age of seventeen, Oliver Cromwell left the Grammar School, at -Huntingdon, and entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. Both as a -school-boy and a collegian he distinguished himself more in athletic -sports, than in application to study, and he appears to have led a wild -irregular life, according to his own admission, for it is difficult -to sift the truth, from the preposterous flattery on the one hand, -and the unqualified abuse on the other, which characterise Cromwell’s -biographers, according to their political opinions. In recording his own -conversion, at the age of twenty years, he says: “Before which time, I -hated holiness, and the Word of God.” His mother sent him to study at -Lincoln’s Inn, “where,” says Carrington, “he associated with those of -the best rank, and quality, and the most ingenious persons, for though -not averse to study and contemplation, he seemed rather addicted to -conversation, and the reading of men’s characters, than to a continual -poring over authors.” On completing his twenty-first year, he married -Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Bourchier, of Felsted, in Essex, a -kinswoman of Hampden’s, who brought him a modest dowry, which she nobly -relinquished with the additional money he had settled on her for life, to -rescue her husband from pecuniary difficulties in after years; a woman of -irreproachable life, and unobtrusive manners, who tolerated rather than -coveted grandeur, and distinction, an excellent housewife, and a loving -help-mate. The newly married pair fixed their residence in Huntingdon, -where his mother still lived, and where several children were born to -them. - -Cromwell now turned his mind to those studies, and pursuits which paved -his way to future greatness. He made his house the refuge for the -“disaffected,” or the “persecuted” Nonconformist Ministers; he encouraged -them in their opposition, prayed, preached, built a chapel for them, -supported them on all occasions, and became so popular, that the chief of -his fellow townsmen offered to return him for the Borough, in the next -Parliament that was summoned. In 1625 he failed—in 1628 he was returned -as member for Huntingdon, when his cousin Hampden also took his seat. -Dr. South describes Oliver’s appearance on this occasion, in a manner -that caused the Merry Monarch to observe: “Oddsfish! that chaplain must -be a Bishop; put me in mind of him, next vacancy.” “Who that beheld such -a bankrupt, beggarly fellow, as Cromwell, first entering the Parliament -House, with a torn, thread-bare coat, and greasy hat (perhaps neither of -them paid for) would have believed that in a few years.” ... &c.? - -After the dissolution of this Parliament, where Hampden, Cromwell, and -Pym bore bold testimony to their political, and religious faith, Oliver -returned to Huntingdon, and afterwards flitted to a small farm, near St. -Ives, with his wife and family. Hume says the long morning and afternoon -prayers he made, consumed his own time, and that of his ploughmen, and -he had little leisure for temporal affairs. A property in, and near Ely, -left him by his maternal uncle, determined him to settle in that city, -in 1636. In 1640 he was returned for Cambridge, by the majority of a -single vote. From this moment the history of Cromwell is the history of -England, and his acts and all that he did, are written in the chronicles -of Clarendon, Hume, and other historians, whose name is Legion. From that -time, whether in Parliament, or the field, he was in arms against the -King, whose execution took place on the 30th of January, 1649. But the -inscription over the bed on which the Protector lay in state, will assist -the memory as to dates. - -Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, etc., born at Huntingdon, was educated -in Cambridge, afterwards at Lincoln’s Inn. At the beginning of the wars, -captain of a troop of horse raised at his own charge. By the Parliament -made Commander-in-Chief, he reduced Ireland and South Wales, overthrew -Duke Hamilton’s army, and the Kirk’s at Dunbar, reduced all Scotland, and -defeated Charles Stuart’s army, at Worcester. He was proclaimed Protector -in 1654, and while refusing the title of King, sate on a Chair of State, -the only one covered, in that vast assembly, and drove back to his Palace -at Whitehall, with more than regal pomp. Thither, keeping up great state, -he removed his aged mother, whose remaining days were embittered by -alarm, for her son’s safety, his favourite daughter, Mrs. Claypole, from -whom he would scarcely ever separate, the gentle and handsome likeness of -himself, Mary, etc. - -Hard, cruel, and uncompromising in public life, Oliver was tender, and -loving in his domestic relations. He lost two sons, Robert, who died -in childhood, Oliver, who fell in battle, a great favourite with his -father, who in his last moments alluded to the young soldier’s death, -“which went as a dagger to my heart, indeed it did.” His other children -were, Richard, his successor for a short time only; Henry, Lord Deputy -of Ireland; Bridget, married first, to General Ireton, and secondly, -to Lieutenant-General Fleetwood; Elizabeth, married to Mr. Claypole, -his favourite daughter, whose death was supposed to have hastened her -father’s; Mary married to Viscount Fauconberg; and Frances married to the -Hon. Robert Rich. - -It is almost too well known, to be worthy of writing down, how Cromwell’s -last days were embittered by suspicion, and distrust of all around him, -and constant fear of assassination. He died, however, after fourteen -days sickness, of ague, “peaceably in his bed,” on his “fortunate day,” -September the Third, the anniversary of the victories of Worcester, and -Dunbar, in a storm so tremendous, and so universal, that it reached the -coasts of the Mediterranean. The funeral was conducted with more than -regal pomp, and splendour, but on the accession of Charles II., the -Protector’s body was dug up, and hung upon the “Traitor’s Tree.” - - -_General Monk_: - -BY WALKER. - -HALF-LENGTH: OVAL. - - (In Armour. Long Hair. White Cravat, tied with large Bow, and - Black Ribbon.) - -Born, 1608. Died, 1670. A younger son of Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, -Devon. When only seventeen, in consequence of a domestic quarrel, -where (says the _Biographie Universelle_) “par excès d’amour filial, -il maltraita le sous-sheriff d’Exeter,” he went to sea, and afterwards -served under the Duke of Buckingham. In 1629, he entered one of the -English regiments in Holland, where he studied the art of war, with great -diligence, and was remarkable for his steadiness, and for the discipline, -he maintained among the soldiers, treating them at the same time with -great kindness. In 1639, he returned to England. When Charles I., was -embarked in that unfortunate war with Scotland, which was the forerunner -of terrible disasters, Monk, as Lieutenant-Colonel of artillery, -displayed much skill, and courage, though both proved useless; and he -then went to Ireland on promotion. Here he did considerable service, was -made Governor of Dublin, but Parliament intervening, he was superseded -in the office, and on the conclusion of a truce (by the King’s commands) -with the Irish rebels, he returned to England. On his arrival he found -that doubts of his fidelity had been instilled into Charles’s mind; but -joining that monarch at Oxford, he soon dispelled them, was promoted to -the rank of Major-General, and sent to relieve Sandwich, where he was -taken prisoner, and thence committed to the Tower by the Roundheads. - -His captivity lasted two years, during which time he rejected all -overtures, made him by the Protector, and occupied his leisure hours -in noting down his observations on military, and political subjects. -Cromwell entertained a high opinion of Monk as a soldier, and he offered -him the alternative of prolonged imprisonment, or a command in the -Parliamentary army, to march against O’Neill, the Irish rebel. Monk -accepted the latter, and behaved in this expedition with his usual -courage, and determination; but he was ill-supported by the Government at -home, who, as we are told, “had too many irons in the fire,” to attend -to the Irish war. He was reluctantly compelled to sign a treaty with -O’Neill, for which proceeding he was called to account, on his return -to England. But the Protector considered his services necessary, and -despatched him in command to Scotland, where he again saw much service. -Yet in Oliver’s mind there lurked suspicions of Monk’s fidelity; and not -long before his death, he wrote to the General saying: “There be that -tell me, there is a certain cunning fellow in Scotland, called George -Monk, who is said to lie in wait there, to introduce Charles Stuart; I -pray you use your diligence to apprehend him, and send him up to me.” - -Monk’s proceedings from this time, form part of history, and the share he -took in the restoration of Charles II., is too well known to be repeated -here. Charles called him his father, invested him with the Order of the -Garter, created him Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Torrington, and Baron -Monk, and appointed him Lieutenant-General of the Forces of the United -Kingdom, with a large income. - -In 1653, he married (or acknowledged his marriage with) Anne, daughter of -John Clargis, who had long resided under his roof: “A lady,” says Guizot, -“whose manners were more vulgar, and less simple, than those of her -husband, and who was the laughing-stock, of a witty and satirical court.” - -The French historian speaks disparagingly of the great general, but in -the time of the Plague, when the court, and ministers left London, the -Duke remained to watch over the necessities of the wretched inhabitants, -to save families from pillage, and to alleviate the sufferings of the -poor. - -He was afloat in joint command of the fleet with Prince Rupert, when the -Great Fire occurred, and the general cry was: “Ah, if old George had been -here, this would not have happened.” He died in his sixty-second year, -leaving an enormous fortune to his spendthrift son Christopher, (who -died without children), and was buried in Westminster Abbey with great -splendour, Charles II. attending his obsequies. - -Guizot says: “C’étoit un homme capable de grandes choses, quoiqu’il n’eût -pas de grandeur dans l’âme.” His jealousy of his noble colleague Lord -Sandwich, bears out the French historian’s Opinion, in some measure. - -In his last illness, he was much occupied with arranging the alliance -of his surviving son, Christopher, (the death of the elder had been a -terrible blow to him) with the heiress of the wealthy Duke of Newcastle. -The nuptials were celebrated in his own chamber, and a few days -afterwards, George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, expired in his arm-chair, -without a groan. - - -_Charles II., King of England_: - -BY SIR PETER LELY. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (Standing by a Table, on which are his Helmet and Staff.) - -Born, 1630. Died, 1685.—He was the second surviving son of Charles I., -by Henrietta Maria of France, born at St. James’s Palace, on the 29th -of May. When only twelve years old was appointed to the command of a -troop of horse, his father’s Body Guard at York, and sent with the title -of General, to serve in the Royal army when fifteen. After the defeat -of Naseby, he went to Scilly, then to Jersey, and in 1646 joined his -mother, at Paris. He was at the Hague, when the news of his father’s -death reached him, and he immediately assumed the title of King. In -1649, he was proclaimed King at Edinburgh. He left Holland, returned to -Paris, and thence again to Jersey, where he received a deputation from -Scotland, and accepted the Crown offered him by the Presbyterians, under -such humiliating conditions, as disgusted him with that sect, for the -rest of his life. In 1650, he arrived in Scotland, being compelled to -take the Covenant before he landed; was crowned at Scone on New Year’s -Day, 1651; but marched south, on hearing of the advance of Cromwell, and -was proclaimed King at Carlisle. Defeated by Cromwell, at the Battle -of Worcester, Charles had a narrow escape, with all the well known -incidents of the hiding place in Boscobel Oak, etc. He embarked from -Shoreham for Normandy, thence to Paris, Bruges, Brussels. In the latter -city he heard of the Protector’s death; then, when at Calais and Breda, -he kept up constant communication, not only with General Monk, and his -own acknowledged partisans, but he also sent addresses to both Houses -of Parliament. On the 1st, of May 1660, they voted his restoration; on -the 8th, he was proclaimed in London; on the 23rd, he embarked from -the Hague; and on the 29th, his thirtieth birthday, he made his public -entry into London, amidst the enthusiastic acclamations of the people. -In 1662, he married Catherine of Braganza, daughter of John IV., King of -Portugal, and died at Whitehall, in the twenty-fifth year of his reign. -Some say he confessed himself a Roman Catholic; some that he was a victim -to poison. It was his brother’s wish to prove the former statement, and -several of his contemporaries, including the Duke of Buckingham, believed -the latter. The last named nobleman gives apparently an impartial -character of the “Merry Monarch,” who was remarkable for contradictions, -and inconsistencies, even above the average, in an inconsistent world. -Buckingham says: “His very countenance set all rules of physiognomy at -defiance, for being of a cheerful and compassionate disposition, his -expression was melancholy, and repelling. He had a wonderful facility -in comprehending trifles, but had too little application to master -great matters. Generous, extravagant, lavish in the extreme, he had a -reluctance to part with small sums, and it was often remarked that he -grudged losing five pounds at tennis to the very people on whom at other -times he would bestow five thousand. Gentle and yielding in trifles, he -was inflexible in important matters. Profligate in the extreme, weak -and capricious, he was,” says the same witness, “a civil and obliging -husband, a kind master, an indulgent father, and an affectionate [and he -might have added, forbearing] brother. Hating the formalities of royalty, -he was ready to assert his dignity, when it was necessary to do so. So -agreeably did he tell a story, that his hearers never cavilled at its -repetition, not through civility, but from the desire to hear it again, -as is the case with a clever comedy.” - -So far the Duke of Buckingham. We know what his boon companion Rochester, -wrote of him, in a provisional epitaph; perhaps one of the only sallies -proceeding from his favourite, that “Old Rowley” did not relish: - - “Here lies our Sovereign lord the King, - Whose word no man relies on: - Who never said a foolish thing, - And never did a wise one.” - -Also Andrew Marvell’s satire: - - “Of stature tall and sable hue, - Much like the son of Kish, that lofty Jew; - Ten years of need, he lingered in exile, - And fed his father’s asses, all the while.” - - -_Charles II., King of Spain_: - -AGED FOUR YEARS. - -BY SEBASTIAN HERRERA. - -FULL-LENGTH. - - (Long flowing Light Hair. Red Coat, trimmed with Silver. Lace - Ruffles. Holding a Truncheon in one Hand, and his Hat in the - other. Above him an Eagle, with extended Wings, bearing a - Sword. An Angel hovering over the King, holding the Spanish - Crown.) - -Born, 1661. Died, 1700. Eldest surviving son of Philip IV., by Mariana, -of Austria. Succeeded his father, when four years of age. His first wife -was Marie Louise, daughter of Philip, Duke of Orleans, by Henrietta Maria -of England. Transplanted from the brilliant Court of France, to the -stiff formality of Spain, and the Spaniards, at a time when the jealousy -of France was so great, that the Mistress of the Robes was said to have -wrung her parrots’ necks for speaking French, Marie Louise, the wife of -a half idiot King, bore herself wisely and bravely, and during the few -short years of her reign, gained an influence for good, over her husband, -who loved her dearly. But the mirror which broke to pieces in her fair -hands, on the day of her arrival in Madrid, was but too true an omen. She -died in the 27th year of her age, a victim to poison (as her mother had -been before her), supposed to have been administered by the beautiful -and infamous Olympia Mancini—at least this was the general belief. Her -husband lamented her deeply; yet he re-married the next year, Anna Maria, -daughter of Philip, Count Palatine, of Neuburg, a good-humoured, amiable -Princess; but Charles remained indifferent to her, and so faithful was -he to the memory of his first wife, that one of his last acts was to -cause the tomb in which she was interred to be opened, while he hung in -speechless sorrow, over the embalmed remains of the once beautiful Marie -Louise; and when he looked upon her still comely features, he exclaimed, -with tears, “I shall meet her soon in Heaven.” - -“Charles II., of Spain,” says Sir William Stirling, “might well be called -the Melancholy Monarch in contradistinction to his uncle Charles II., -of England, the Merry Monarch.” In the early years of his reign, he was -in entire subjugation to the Regent-Mother, who at open variance with -Don John, and his party, only agreed with him in this, to keep the young -monarch under. True it is, the unhappy Prince was ill-suited to his -position. From his earliest years, he was a martyr to despondency, and -detested everything connected with public affairs. His gun, his dogs, -and his beads, were his favourite companions. He had a zealous love -for art, and artists, but little taste, or knowledge, patronising, and -befriending alike the worthy, and the worthless. His paramount favourite, -was Luca Giordano, to whose studio he paid frequent visits, and whom -he commanded to remain covered in his presence: a mandate which that -self-approving artist, readily obeyed—a contrast to the conduct of the -distinguished Carreno, to whom the young King was one day sitting for -his portrait, in the presence of the Queen-Mother. Charles enquired to -what order the artist belonged. “To none,” was the reply, “except that of -your Majesty’s servants.” The Badge of Santiago, was sent to Carreno that -very day, but so great was his diffidence, that he never assumed it. “His -portraits of Charles II.,” says Stirling, “as a child, have something -to please the eye in the pale pensive features, and long fair hair; the -projection of the lower jaw, so remarkable in after life, is scarcely -discernible, and there is something pitiful, and touching in the sadness -of the countenance, contrasted with the gala suit he wears.” Herrera died -soon after Charles’s accession, but besides Giordano he retained in his -service Coello, and Muñoz, and invited Murillo, to remove from Seville, -to Madrid. - -He had a magnificent carriage, for himself and his second wife, painted -with mythological subjects: he amused himself by building, visiting from -one studio to another, and shooting wolves; while occasionally he might -be seen, walking barefoot in the procession at an Auto da Fé. Charles -II., without doubt stood on the verge of imbecility, or insanity, and -the treatment he endured from those around him, on his death-bed, was -sufficient to deaden the small share of intellect that was his portion. -In his last days he was tormented, and harassed by questions as to the -succession, (he being childless): and in his dying moments, he was -tortured by the frightful ceremony of exorcism, it being currently -supposed, or at least affirmed by the superstitious, and cruel, that he -was possessed. - -“Thus,” says Stirling, “died one of the most unfortunate monarchs, ever -cursed by a hereditary crown.” - - -IN THE ENTRANCE HALL ARE PORTRAITS OF KINGS GEORGE II. AND GEORGE III., -BY SHACKLETON AND RAMSAY, OF JOHN, FOURTH EARL OF SANDWICH, AND OF -SEVERAL BRITISH ADMIRALS, BY DANCE. - - - - -_LORD SANDWICH’S ROOM._ - - -_Omai, the Otaheitan._ - -AN ENGRAVING. - -He played such a prominent part in the entertainments at Hinchingbrook, -and had such a curious life of adventure, that a brief notice will -scarcely be misplaced. His father was a man of considerable property -in Whetea, one of the South Pacific Islands, which had been conquered -by a neighbour, and he took refuge in Huaheine, where he died, leaving -Omai, and several other children, in a state of poverty, and dependence. -Captain Cook tells us, that Captain Furneaux, visiting these islands, -becoming interested in Omai, conveyed him to England, where he became a -resident under Lord Sandwich’s roof, (John, fourth Earl, then First Lord -of the Admiralty.) Captain Cook and Mr. Cradock give the same character -of the half savage, “intelligent, indolent, childlike, full of affection, -and gratitude to his noble patron, but cherishing a feeling of revenge -towards those of his own countrymen, who had ill-treated his father, -and reduced himself to poverty. Lord Sandwich took him about to music -meetings, races, etc.” “At Leicester,” says Mr. Cradock, “he divided -public attention, with the Earl of Sandwich when that nobleman played on -the kettledrum, his favourite instrument at the music meetings. ‘What -has become of poor Omai?’ was the question once asked on some festive -occasion. ‘Oh,’ was the answer, ‘I have just left him in the tea room, -very happy, gallantly handing about bread and butter, to the ladies.’” -Omai was not averse to admiration, and adapted himself curiously to his -new life, showing such an aptitude for dancing, among other things, -that a lady assured me with a little tuition he would make an excellent -partner. On one occasion Lord Sandwich proposed that he should dress a -shoulder of mutton, after the fashion of his country, and he proceeded -accordingly to dig a hole in the lawn at Hinchingbrook, placed fuel -covered with clean pebbles at the bottom, then laid the mutton neatly -enveloped in leaves at the top, and having closed the hole walked -constantly round it, observing the sun. The joint was then served at -table, and much commended. Having been offered some stewed morella -cherries, he jumped up, and assured the society he no more wished to -partake of human blood, than they did. One summer’s day he entered the -breakfast room at Hinchingbrook, in great pain, his hand much swollen, -not being acquainted with the word “wasp,” he made Dr. Solander, who -was present, understand he had been wounded by a “soldier bird,” upon -which the doctor remarked: “No naturalist could have better described -the obnoxious insect.” “He was,” says Cradock, “naturally genteel, and -prepossessing, and fond of good clothes, once finding fault with those -prepared for him, as being inferior to the quality of the dress, of the -same cut the gentleman who sat beside him wore—this was of Genoese, -and Omai’s of English velvet.” So far had he advanced in civilization. -The government judged it best, he should return to his own country, -lest the natives should suspect us of having made away with him. Mr. -Cradock says he bade him good-bye on the steps of the Admiralty, when -the poor fellow was deeply affected. Captain Cook says his feelings were -mingled: “When he talked on the voyage, about England, and his friends, -and protectors there, he was much moved, and could scarcely refrain from -tears, so full of gratitude was his heart—but when we spoke of his return -to his country, his eyes sparkled in the expectation of the reception he -should meet with, on account of his superior knowledge, and still more -on account of the treasures, with which he was laden.” The King, Lord -Sandwich, Mr. Bankes (afterwards Sir Joseph), and many other friends, -had furnished him with every article, which the sailors’ knowledge of -the country, made them believe would be acceptable there. In fact, -every means had been taken during his abode in England, as also at his -departure, to make him the instrument of conveying to the Islands of the -Pacific Ocean, an exalted opinion of England’s greatness, and generosity. -Omai, as may have been conjectured, was very useful to Captain Cook on -the voyage out, serving as interpreter, and mediator, on many occasions, -at the Friendly Islands, and elsewhere. On their arrival at Otaheite, -several canoes came off, but Omai took no notice of the crews or they of -him, neither did they appear to recognise him, as a countryman. At length -Ootee, a chief, brother-in-law to Omai, and three or four others, who all -knew him before he went to England, came on board. But their meeting was -in no wise tender—on the contrary, great indifference was manifested on -both sides, till Omai, taking Ootee down into the cabin, displayed his -treasures of trinkets etc., but more especially some red feathers, of a -few of which, he begged his relative’s acceptance. When this was known -on deck, the whole state of affairs was changed, and Ootee, who would -scarcely speak to Omai before, now begged they might be Tayos (friends) -and exchange names—an honour Omai accepted with dignity, and Ootee, in -return for the valuable feathers, sent on shore for a hog. Such were -the civilities that passed, on our friend’s return, and it was evident -that all the affection was for his property, and not his person. When -present at some of the barbarous customs, prevalent in these Islands, -Omai, by desire of Captain Cook, expostulated with the chiefs on their -cruelty with so much spirit, as to incur their displeasure. The gallant -commander gives an elaborate account of the dainties prepared for him, -and some of the ship’s crew, when they dined on shore with the two -brothers-in-law. Captain Cook endeavoured to persuade Omai to settle at -Otaheite, but his wishes turned to Whetea, his native place, where his -father had originally held land. The Captain thought he could get it -restored to him, if he would make friends with the conquerors, but Omai -was a staunch patriot, and refused, begging that he might be reinstated -through the intervention of the English arms. No way likely, said Captain -Cook, who, however, willing to serve him, sought an interview with the -chief men of the Island, to induce them to permit Omai to reside at -Huaheine. A grand function took place, when Omai made his offering to the -gods, of red feathers, and fine cloth from England; and a set of prayers -dictated by himself, was pronounced, in which his English friends were -duly remembered, Lord Sandwich and Tootee (Cook) in particular. He also -told them of his kind reception in England by the King and his Earees, -(nobles), that he had returned enriched with all sorts of treasures, that -would be useful to his countrymen, etc., and that it was Captain Cook’s -wish that they should give him a piece of land to build a house, etc.; -and that if they would not do so——here followed some threats, which the -Englishman had to disavow, and the chiefs were so much edified by the -gallant sailor’s speech, that one of them assured him, the whole Island -was his own, and therefore he could give what portion he pleased, to -his friend. The result of all this was, that land was granted, and the -ships’ carpenters built Omai a house, and laid out, and planted his small -garden. He found several relatives at Huaheine, “who did not indeed rob -him,” says Captain Cook, “but I fear they are scarcely of sufficient -influence, to protect him from others.” The kind Englishman was under -great apprehension, at the danger Omai incurred from being the only rich -man in the Island, and he took every precaution he could think of, to -ensure his safety, declaring that he would soon revisit the Island, and -if any one had proved an enemy to Omai, he might dread the wrath of the -British commander. All the English treasures were carried on shore, as -soon as Omai’s house had progressed sufficiently—pots, kettles, dishes, -plates, and better still, a box of toys and of fireworks—the latter an -object of pleasure, and fear to the inhabitants. But most of the English -utensils were useless to him here, and he wisely disposed of them, for -hatchets, or other tools. - -Before he sailed, Captain Cook saw Omai settled in his own house, with -an establishment consisting of his brother, and eight or nine other men, -(no female—Omai was too volatile to choose a wife), and there the English -officers were received with hospitality and excellent cheer. Cook made -the new householder, a present of several fire-arms, which he coveted, -and had the following inscription cut on the house: - - “Georgius Tertius, Rex; - 2 Novembris, 1777. - Names { Resolution, JAC. COOK, Pr. - { Discovery, CAR. CLERKE, Pr.” - -At four in the afternoon, of the 2nd of November, the two English vessels -sailed. “Many of the Natives remained on board, to hear five guns fired, -and then took their leave, but Omai lingered, till we were at sea, and -then returned in a boat, sent to recover a hawser that had been broken. -He took leave of his English friends, and showed a moody resolution till -he approached Captain Cook, to bid him farewell. Then his tears could -no longer be suppressed, and he wept the whole time the boat was going -ashore.” Captain Cook heard from him when the ships were at Whetea; he -sent two men in a canoe to say, that he was prospering and at peace, and -that his only misfortune consisted in the loss of a goat, who had died in -kidding. - -One would gladly have heard something of the latter days of Omai, and -can only hope that his state of semi-civilization did not make him -discontented, with his life in Otaheite, or obnoxious to its inhabitants. -If, as is most probable, the terrible details of his benefactor’s murder -ever reached him, the grateful heart of Omai must have been wrung with -sorrow. - - -_Count Walewski._ - -Born, 1801. Died, 1868.—He was the son of the Emperor Napoleon I., -by a Polish lady of rank. When only nineteen he went on a diplomatic -mission to London, to plead the cause of Poland, having inherited from -his mother, an enthusiastic love for her country. Charles Greville says -in his Diary, that “his agreeable manners and remarkable beauty made -him welcome in society;” and in 1831, he married Lady Caroline Montagu, -sister to the Earl of Sandwich. He served for a time, under the Polish -flag; was present at the Battle of Grokow, and was decorated with the -National Military Cross. He afterwards obtained a commission in a -regiment of French Hussars, but before long he laid down the sword to -take up the pen. Among his past publications was “Un mot sur la question -d’Afrique, et de l’alliance Anglaise.” He became the editor of the -_Messager_, and wrote a five-act comedy, called “L’Ecole du Monde,” which -was put on the stage in 1840. - -He resumed his diplomatic career in the same year, and was sent to Egypt -under the ministry of Thiers; he also held several appointments under -Guizot. - -When Louis Napoleon became President, Walewski attached himself to his -cause. In 1849, he went as minister to Florence, and Naples, and in -1854, he came as Ambassador to England, but was recalled to Paris, the -ensuing year, to take the portfolio of Foreign Affairs, vacant by the -resignation of M. Drouyn de l’Huys. In this post his connection with, and -knowledge of, England, made him instrumental in cementing the alliance of -the two nations. In 1856, he presided as French Plenipotentiary over the -Congress of Paris. In 1860, he resigned his post, but was again employed -as successor to M. Fould. In 1863, he retired from public life, it was -supposed on account of his strong Polish tendencies. He had the Grand -Cross of the Legion of Honour, and other decorations. - -He married as his second wife the grand-daughter of Stanislaus -Poniatowski, nephew to the last King of Poland. To France and its -Emperor, he was an irreparable loss. - - -_William Poyntz, Esquire_: - -BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - -Born, 1769. Died, 1840. The last male representative of the ancient -family of Poyntz. His grandfather, Stephen Poyntz, was in diplomacy, and -employed on several foreign missions. He married Anna Maria Mordaunt, -cousin of the Earl of Peterborough, and Maid of Honour to Caroline, Queen -of George II. To Mr. and Mrs. Poyntz’s care was confided the bringing -up, of William, Duke of Cumberland, and a curious picture was painted, -according to the taste of the day, in which the Queen presents her son to -her _ci-devant_ Maid of Honour, the lady in the garb of Minerva, and the -young Prince in the stiff coat and breeches of the period. Mrs. Poyntz’s -influence at Court stood her once in good stead, when she pleaded -in behalf of Lord Cromartie, under sentence of death in the ’15, in -compliance with a touching appeal from his unhappy wife. The letter is -now in possession of Mrs. Poyntz’s great grand-daughter, Mary Boyle. Lord -Cromartie’s life was spared, though fortune, and title were lost to him. -The Queen bestowed as a dowry on Miss Mordaunt, the estate of Midgham, in -Berkshire, but the gift is said never to have been paid for, out of the -royal purse! - -Stephen died in 1750, and was succeeded by his son William, who married -a daughter and co-heiress of Kelland Courtenay, Esq., of Painsford, -Devon, by Elizabeth Montagu, daughter of Viscount Hinchingbrook. They had -issue: William Stephen, the subject of this notice, Montagu Mordaunt, -who died early in life, and four daughters; Georgiana, married first to -Mr. Fawkner, and afterwards to Lord John Townshend; Louisa, married, as -his second wife, to the Hon. George Bridgeman; Isabella, married to her -cousin, the Earl of Cork and Orrery; and Carolina, married to his brother -Captain, the Hon. Courtenay Boyle. William Poyntz was at one time in the -Tenth Hussars, and afterwards Captain of the Midhurst Volunteers. In -1796, he sat in Parliament for St. Albans, and was re-elected in 1802, -and 1806. In 1807, he was returned for Callington, and again in 1812-18. -He represented Chichester from 1823 to 1826, and Ashburton, from 1831 -to 1835; and then sat for Midhurst, till he resigned, and was succeeded -by his son-in-law, Captain the Hon. Frederick Spencer. In politics he -was a Liberal in the best sense of the word; firm and unwavering in his -opinions in favour of progress, but opposed to destruction, and a staunch -upholder of the Church. - -In 1794, he married the Hon. Elizabeth Browne, only sister, and sole -heiress of Viscount Montagu, who was drowned the year before at the Falls -of Schaffausen. By her, Mr. Poyntz became possessed of Cowdray Park, in -Sussex, and an extensive property, where they resided almost entirely -after their marriage. They had two sons drowned in the prime of life, and -in the sight of both parents, Mr. Poyntz being in the boat, and his wife -looking on from the window of a house at Bognor, where the tragedy took -place in 1815. Their three daughters in consequence became co-heiresses: -Frances, Lady Clinton; Elizabeth, married to the Hon. Frederick Spencer, -who succeeded to the Earldom; and Isabella, Marchioness of Exeter. - -In 1830, after a happy union of thirty-six years, Mrs. Poyntz died, -deeply and universally regretted; and the widower removed to Hampton -Court, after a time, to be nearer his daughters. For some years before -his death, he was the cause of great anxiety to his family and friends -from being constantly subject to fainting fits, the result, as was -afterwards proved, of an accident in the hunting field, in 1833. In one -of these seizures he expired suddenly, at his house on Hampton Court -Green, beloved and lamented, not only by his surviving children, and -his two surviving sisters, but by a large circle of acquaintance, and -friends. In every class he was known, and loved for his warm heart, his -genial humour, his sparkling wit. He was interred by the side of his -wife, in her ancestral chapel in Easebourne Church, adjoining Cowdray -Park, where a monument had been already erected to their two sons. - -In early life Mr. Poyntz was a friend, and companion of his cousin -George, Lord Sandwich, by whose will he was entrusted with the -guardianship of the young earl, then only seven years of age. Between -the guardian and his ward an affection subsisted, scarcely inferior to -that of parent, and child. Lord Sandwich spent many of his holidays at -Cowdray, and the friendly relations which subsisted between him, and Mr. -Poyntz were never interrupted till the death of the latter, in 1840. - -The two families of Poyntz and Browne, (Lord Montagu) are now extinct, in -the male line. - -[Illustration] - -EMILY FAITHFULL, Printer, 85, Praed Street, Paddington, W. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Biographical Notices of the Portraits -at Hinchingbrook, by Mary Louisa Boyle - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES--PORTRAITS HINCHINGBROOK *** - -***** This file should be named 63204-0.txt or 63204-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/2/0/63204/ - -Produced by Fay Dunn and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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