diff options
| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-04 09:40:59 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-04 09:40:59 -0800 |
| commit | dc809729e828f78e9587066f79a5ef30d96319b3 (patch) | |
| tree | ab2f1568557432e55f96fc9b52754f11ad2adf3c | |
| parent | 39ceba0259bc59a69c678523c0cb5caac097d8c8 (diff) | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63581-0.txt | 1657 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63581-0.zip | bin | 38650 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63581-h.zip | bin | 316984 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63581-h/63581-h.htm | 2207 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63581-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 241037 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63581-h/images/title.jpg | bin | 35086 -> 0 bytes |
9 files changed, 17 insertions, 3864 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5adb2fe --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #63581 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63581) diff --git a/old/63581-0.txt b/old/63581-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index bbedd3c..0000000 --- a/old/63581-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1657 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The age of science, by Merlin Nostradamus - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this ebook. - -Title: The age of science - -Subtitle: A newspaper of the twentieth century - -Author: Merlin Nostradamus - -Release Date: October 31, 2020 [EBook #63581] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from - images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AGE OF SCIENCE *** - - - - - THE AGE OF SCIENCE. - _A NEWSPAPER OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY._ - - - BY - MERLIN NOSTRADAMUS. - - “Forerun thy time, thy peers, and let - Thy feet, milleniums hence, be set - In midst of knowledge dreamed not yet: - - · · · · · - - Thou hast not gained a real height, - Nor art thou nearer to the light.” - _Two Voices._ - -[Illustration] - - _LONDON_: - WARD, LOCK, AND TYLER, - WARWICK HOUSE, PATERNOSTER ROW. - - - - - LONDON: - PRINTED BY J. OGDEN AND CO., - 172, ST. JOHN STREET, E.C. - - - - - THE AGE OF SCIENCE - - -The greatest discovery ever achieved by man is beyond all question that -which it is now our privilege to announce, namely, that of the new -PROSPECTIVE TELEGRAPH. By this truly wonderful invention (exquisitely -simple in its machinery, yet of surpassing power) the obstacle of _Time_ -is as effectually conquered as that of _Space_ has been for the last -generation by the Electric Telegraph; and future years—even, it is -anticipated, future centuries—will be made to respond to our call as -promptly and completely as do now the uttermost parts of the earth -wherewith the magic wire has placed us in communication. - -For obvious reasons the particulars of this most marvellous invention, -and the name of its author, must be withheld from the public till the -patents be made out, and the enormous profits which must accrue from its -application be secured to the Company which is invited to undertake to -work it (with limited liability). We are only permitted by special -favour to hint that the natural Force relied on to set the machinery in -action is neither Electric, Magnetic, nor Galvanic; nor yet any -combination of these; but that other great correlated imponderable -agency, whose existence has been for some time suspected by many -intelligent inquirers, called the _Psychic Force_, whose laws of action -it has been reserved for this new and greater WHEATSTONE to develop and -apply to practical utility. That no scepticism may linger in the minds -of our readers, we desire to add that we have been gratified by the -actual inspection of several short fragments forestalled by this -invaluable process from the press of the next fifty, eighty, and one -hundred and thirty years respectively; and have at this moment in our -hands a complete transcript (the most important document of the series) -of a newspaper bearing date January 1st, 1977, photographed in a very -beautiful manner by the machine upon an enormous sheet of paper, which -was found needful to contain the type in the most compressed form. As -the printed matter of this gigantic periodical equals at least in bulk -the whole of Gibbon’s History, or Mr. Jowett’s edition of Plato, we -cannot attempt to do more than offer our readers a few brief extracts, -serving, however, we trust, as not inadequate samples of the literary -treasures which are shortly to be revealed to our curiosity, and -satisfying even the most incredulous that the invention of which we -speak has been crowned with triumphant success. We have only to add that -the great originator of this discovery entertains hopes that, by an -ingenious _inversion_ of the action of his machine, he may be able to -convert it, when required, into a RETROSPECTIVE TELEGRAPH, bringing back -the Past, as it already antedates the Future, and restoring to us all -the records of antiquity whose loss we have deplored, as, for example, -the Odes of Sappho, the missing Books of Livy, the Prometheus Unbound of -Æschylus, and the original MSS. of the Vedas, the Zend Avesta, and the -Pentateuch. The final completion of this latter discovery, however, is -scarcely perfected, and we shall not therefore pause to describe its -probable value, but proceed without further delay to put our readers in -possession of all the details for which we can find space concerning the -Newspaper of 1977, which has been very sagaciously selected by the -inventor as the first fruits of the working of his Prospective Machine. - -The name of this journal (which, we conclude, may be considered as the -_Times_ of the twentieth century) is - - THE AGE OF SCIENCE, - -and obviously refers with pride to the consciousness of its readers that -they live in a period of the world’s history when Science reigns supreme -over human affairs, having achieved unimaginable triumphs, and -altogether superseded most of the pursuits of mankind in ruder ages, -such as War, the Chase, Literature, Art, and Religion. This appropriate -title is printed, we may remark, in the largest and clearest possible -Roman type, instead of in the Old English character now commonly used -for a similar purpose. No fount, indeed, which we have ever seen -employed, save in a few old Italian folio _éditions de luxe_, has type -so large and legible as that in which the whole newspaper is printed, -the greatest care apparently being taken to spare the eyes—or perhaps we -should say the spectacles—of the readers, since, judging from the -opticians’ advertisements of “Spectacles for Infants,” “Spectacles for -Elementary Schools by the gross,” and “Cautions to Mothers” against -allowing babies to use their eyes, it would appear that unassisted -vision had become rare, if not unknown. There are ten columns on each -page, each ten times as long as it is broad, and there are a hundred -pages in the journal, proving that the decimal system has been -thoroughly adopted even in such details. Spread out open, the _Age of -Science_ would cover the floor of a very large hall, and we apprehend -from certain marks that a convenient method of suspending it on pulleys -from the ceiling, must have superseded our clumsy practice of holding -our papers with extended arms. - -Proceeding to peruse the intensely interesting contents of the _Age of -Science_, we first note that it is written in English differing from our -own chiefly by the use of a strange and, to our eyes, barbarous -orthography, (intended, we presume, to facilitate elementary education,) -and by the introduction of a vast number of technical terms of the class -we reserve for scientific treatises, but which are apparently brought -into use in everyday parlance. The familiarity of the contributors with -all gases, fluids, and substances of chemistry, all the bones of all the -beasts, birds, and fishes which live, or ever did live, on this planet, -and all the diseases incidental to humanity, speaks volumes for the -superiority of their scientific education over our own. At the same -time, on two or three occasions when illustrations have been chosen from -past History or Poetry, the writers betray that their studies have not -been much extended in the direction of Literature. One gentleman thinks -that Mr. GLADSTONE wrote the Iliad on hints afforded by Dr. Schliemann, -and that MILTON was the author of the Book of Genesis. Another refers to -the period when Rome was founded by ROMEO and JULIET, while a third -mentions the “once celebrated _Divina Commedia_ by MOLIERE,” and regrets -that “so curious a specimen of archaic Japanese art as Titian’s -‘Assumption’ should not have been spared from the pile in which the -‘Transfiguration’ of _Phidias_ and the ‘Last Supper’ of _Praxiteles_ -were so judiciously destroyed by order of the Committee of the Royal -Academy, to put a stop to the propagation of bad æsthetic taste.” For -the intelligence of our readers we shall be compelled to translate the -singular phraseology of the _Age of Science_ as nearly as possible into -familiar English, and our present spelling; and shall only quote a few -of the Leading Articles, touching on specially interesting topics, out -of the twenty-five which the vast newspaper publishes as its daily -contribution. - -The arrangement of the _Age of Science_ is a little different from and -more logical than that of our journals. The first page is rationally -devoted to TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE, which everyone may be supposed to -desire first to read. Instead of political news, however, or records of -battles, deaths of eminent personages, floods, storms, or fires, these -telegrams consist exclusively of minute verbatim reports of the -proceedings of above ninety Scientific Congresses, which seem to be -taking place at the same time in Europe, Asia, America, Australia, and -even in one instance (a Geographical Meeting) in Africa, on the shore of -Lake Albert Nyanza. The various sections of the British Association have -been obviously long broken up, and again divided and subdivided till -separate congresses have been found desirable for each department. - -It would occupy more space than the whole of this volume to offer even -the briefest condensation of these Reports, as the discussions and -papers of the learned members of the different congresses are carried on -chiefly in terms quite unintelligible to us, and refer to scientific -disputes to which we do not possess a clue. We must pass over these -columns of the _Age of Science_, and proceed to the next department, -which is a Report of the ASSEMBLY OF CONVOCATION—a topic which we were -surprised to find possessed such prominent interest, till we discovered -that the Convocation of 1977 will consist exclusively of Medical men. -The Upper House seems to be formed of Physicians and Surgeons who have -obtained titles of Nobility, and take rank according to the dioceses -over which they exercise medical supervision, and the Lower House to be -a representative body elected by medical graduates throughout the -kingdom. - -The meetings for the Province of Canterbury take place respectively in -Henry the Seventh’s Chapel, and in the nave of Westminster Abbey; -Jerusalem Chamber and the Board Room of the Bounty Office having -probably proved inconveniently small, and the whole Abbey (as we learn -accidentally from a paragraph in another part of the paper) having been -“set aside, since the Dissolution of the Churches, for the use of the -Medical Profession, and for anatomical and physiological lectures and -craniological researches, for which latter purpose the vaults beneath -offer peculiarly interesting specimens.” - -The Report runs as follows:— - - - _PROVINCE OF CANTERBURY._ - - UPPER HOUSE. - - SESSION CCXLI.—Monday, January 1st, 1977. - - The House assembled at eleven o’clock in Henry VII.’s Chapel, pursuant - to the order of prorogation. His Grace the Lord Archphysician of - Canterbury presided. There were also present the Right Rev. Lord - Doctors of Winchester, London, Oxford, Ely, Salisbury, Exeter, - Lincoln, and Peterborough. After the presentation of sixty-four - Petitions, a Report was received from the Venerable Congregation of - the Index, which was approved and ordered to lie on the table. Among - the works whose perusal will henceforth be prohibited to the laity - will be found all Medical Guides and Treatises on Domestic Medicine, - Household Surgery, and the like, which have pretended to direct the - multitude how to cure or prevent disease without the aid of a - physician. As the Lord Doctor of Lincoln judiciously observed, “the - heresy involved was precisely analogous to that of the old religious - sect of Protestants, who taught the ignorant laity that they might - save their souls without applying to a priest. Doctors,” his lordship - added, “were the appointed Ministers of the Body, and the man who - imagined his health could be saved without them would find out his - error when it was too late.” - - - LOWER HOUSE. - - The Doctors, Archdoctors, and Pro-Apothecaries constituting the Lower - House of Convocation assembled in the Nave of Westminster Abbey at 11 - o’clock. The Very Eminent Cyrup Camomile, M.D., Archdoctor of - Cheltenham, Prolocutor, presided. - - The Prolocutor having bowed to the busts of Hippocrates, Galen, and - Harvey (a ceremony which has been substituted for the old form of - prayers), præconization was taken by the actuary of the names of - members; assessors were appointed, and a multitude of petitions - presented. The Schedules of Gravamina and Reformanda were then called - for. Among the former the most important (which was sent up at once to - the Upper House as an _Articulus Medici_) was the gravamen of the - Archapothecary of Sarum, which set forth that, contrary the interests - of the profession and ordinary usage, a Coroner had been recently - elected for the county of Dorset who was not a Medical Man. Another - gravamen referred to the inadequacy of the fees to be legally claimed - by Doctors for granting Certificates of Birth, Vaccination, - Equination, Porcination, Sanitary Fitness for Factory or other - labours, Fitness for Marriage, and, finally, the most important - Certificates of having died under due Medical care and supervision, - and being consequently admissible for Cremation. - - Members were then called upon to give notice of motions, and - discussions followed on those of Sir William Puffin— - - That Convocation should remonstrate with Her Majesty’s Ministers for - the laxity wherewith the laws relating to Medical Heretics are - enforced. - - Of Sir Andrew Scrivener— - - That Convocation should desire Her Majesty’s Secretary of State for - Home Affairs to introduce immediately into Parliament a Bill - prohibiting Dinner Parties, exceeding seven persons in number, to be - held without the presence of a qualified Physician or Surgeon. - - Of Dr. Aqua Fortis— - - That a Bill should be likewise required, compelling Railway and - Steamboat Companies to employ, at suitable salaries, a staff of - properly qualified Surgeons, one of whom at least should travel by - every train and on every steamboat. - - And of Dr. Scurvydrop— - - That a Deputation from Convocation should wait on the Lords of the - Admiralty to remonstrate on the subordinate position allotted to - Surgeons on board Her Majesty’s Ships, and to demand that the Medical - Officer should at all times (except when the immediate conduct of the - ship is in question) takes precedence of the Captain as Commander. - - A similar motion was made by Dr. Turniquet for a deputation to the - Horse Guards on behalf of the Army Surgeons, and was, like all the - preceding motions, adopted unanimously. - -The Report concludes with the observation— - - As Parliament does not meet for another week, there must be a delay of - a few days before the recommendations of Convocation are carried into - effect, but it is unnecessary to remark that they will be adopted - unchallenged by the Legislature. Since the solemn Protest, carried by - the 50,000 doctors, who marched down Whitehall in procession, “against - the Interference of the Secular Power in Things Medical,” no Minister - of the Crown, much less any private member, has attempted to move an - Amendment to any of the numerous Bills presented by the profession. - -After the Report of Convocation, the _Age of Science_ contains one -column of STOCKS AND SHARES, not possessing any special interest for -readers of the present day, but appearing to prove, strangely enough, -that investments are much fewer than in our time, and cannot be made in -any Foreign securities. After these, in lieu both of NAVAL AND MILITARY -INTELLIGENCE, and of the CHURCH, five columns are devoted to MEDICAL -APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS, and to a considerable correspondence on the -proposed endowment of two new Physicianships (with seats in the House of -Lords) at St. Albans and Truro. After all these we find twenty columns -devoted to LATEST INTELLIGENCE, in short paragraphs, of which we cull a -few of the most interesting. - - - _OCCASIONAL NOTES._ - - The magnificent Joss House now in process of erection by the Chinese - of London forms a striking ornament to Regent Street, standing as it - does on the site of the old deserted Langham Chapel. It will, we - imagine, be the only place dedicated to religious purposes which has - been built during the last twenty years in the metropolis, and almost - the only one in actual use. Although we cannot, of course, ourselves, - as a Scientific nation, formally join in the worship of Buddha, we - must all regard with sympathy and satisfaction the honours paid to - that great Teacher by the very important section of our community, the - Chinese day labourers and domestic servants, of whom it is said more - than half a million have contributed to the erection and adornment of - this Temple. Considering the impossibility of inducing Englishmen to - undertake in these days the lower kinds of work, we should come - altogether to a standstill were it not for the tens of thousands of - industrious Chinese who have replenished our labour market. The statue - of Buddha is a noble work of modern sculpture by Mr. Merino. The - traditional pose of the crossed legs is slightly altered to bring them - within the rules of scientific anatomy, and the Sage is obviously - pondering those profound lessons of Pessimism (that it is a bad world - we live in, and that we need not expect a better) which have justly - secured for him the reverence of cultivated Europe. - - * * * * * - - An accident of the ordinary sort occurred last night to the new - Magnetic train, which was at the moment passing under the Channel, - about 10 miles from Dover. From messages sent by the portable electric - machine along the wires the moment before the catastrophe took place, - it would appear that the engineers have been again at fault in the - construction of the roof of the tunnel, and that the sea was rushing - in with such violence that little hopes were entertained of bringing - the train to the next watertight compartment. The result justified - these fears, for the whole compartment of the tunnel in which the - train was stopped is to-day entirely full of water, and it must be - assumed that the unfortunate passengers—numbering, it is supposed, - about 800—have been drowned like so many rats in a trap. The accident - is unfortunate for the proprietors of Submarine Tunnel Stock, and also - for several Insurance Companies, as extensive repairs will be - required; but Science teaches us to regard these occurrences with - composure, as serving to check the increase of a superabundant - population. - - * * * * * - - The Simian Educational Institute (on Frobel’s system), for members of - the Ape family, continues to attract the strongest interest. In - testing the educability of the Simian tribe we are solving one of the - most important problems of Science, and hitherto everything seems to - promise the triumphant success of the experiment. There are now among - the pupils at the Institute three Chimpanzees, whose grandfathers and - grandmothers have all been well-educated monkeys; so that the set of - the brain of these young people is already marked towards progress and - civilization. It is needless to observe that all the students are - required to wash and dress themselves every morning in the becoming - male and female habiliments provided by the taste of the Governors of - the Institute. Great pains are also taken with their manners at meal - times, and, to avoid temptation, nuts are not admitted at dessert. One - of the young gentlemen (Joseph Macacus Silenus, Esq., generally known - by his intimates as “Joe”) is said to exhibit extraordinary talents, - and to be able to answer any question in elementary science by means - of an alphabet and a system of knocks, which (in view of the yet - unconquerable speechlessness of monkeys) has been accepted as the best - substitute for language, having been formerly invented by an ingenious - race of impostors named Mediums, who flourished in the obscurity of - the Victorian age. The plan adopted in France, in deference to the - advice of the great French naturalist, M. Houzeau, to employ the - anthropoid apes as domestic servants, has proved, we are informed, - altogether successful in several families. Madame Le Singe, a fine - specimen of the Gorilla tribe, has acted for some months as - confidential Nurse in the family of a distinguished Member of the - Institute (M. Gobemouche), and is said to maintain discipline among - her charges excellently well. It is an instructive spectacle to see - Madame Le Singe walking on a fine day with the children, and pushing a - perambulator in the Gardens of the Tuileries. The more ordinary - employment found, however, for domestic Apes is that of cooks, when it - is observed they occasionally call in the services of the household - cat to assist them as kitchenmaid, especially when roast chestnuts - form part of the entertainment. - - * * * * * - - The cheerful ceremony of opening the new “Incineration Hall” was - performed an hour ago in Manchester by the Lord Doctor of Manchester, - attended by the Mayor. It is a magnificent building, with a furnace - capable of reducing 12 bodies at a time to ashes, which, after a - certain period, will be used in the manufacture of water-filters for - the drinking-fountains of the town. It is specially fortunate that the - Hall can be employed at once, since the number of persons despatched - by Euthanasia has been so great during the past week all over the - country that the other Cremation establishments have proved inadequate - to dispose of the corpses with sufficient rapidity. - - * * * * * - - An important addition has been made to that instructive place of - public amusement, the Zoological Gardens in Regent’s Park. The ground - formerly occupied by a great Dissenting College (long in ruins) has - been devoted to a department destined to contain those species of - animals which are rapidly dying out in Europe, and which, if not thus - carefully preserved, must soon be lost altogether to Zoological - science. Among these are the Ass, the Fox, the Dog, the Hare, the - Pheasant, and Partridge. In this age of Science it is, of course, - impossible to go on employing a creature like the Donkey, proverbial - for its intellectual deficiency, and we have no regret that only two - pair of animals of the species (both in the Regent’s Park collection) - now survive in England, though a few are said to linger in Egypt. - Connected with the dog (_Canis Familiaris_) there are so many - traditional records of sagacity, having a certain scientific interest - in connection with the form and size of its brain, that we should have - been glad if a more complete collection of the varieties could have - been preserved. The Foxhound, however, the Greyhound, Setter, and - Pointer, seem all to have become extinct within about thirty years of - the repeal of the Game Laws and the consequent cessation of held - sports; and several of the more favoured kinds of dogs—Italian - Greyhounds, Toy Terriers, Pomeranians, and Poodles—were, it is said, - privately destroyed by hundreds by their owners, who disgracefully - sought to withdraw them from the researches of physiologists. The - remaining kinds have been perhaps rather recklessly used by - vivisectors, whose ardour in the noble cause of science has caused - them to experiment, on an average, on about 14,000 dogs apiece (an - example originally set by the sainted Maurizio Schiff), and the result - has been that we only find at present twelve animals surviving, of - whom nine belong to the class Mongrel. One noble old Newfoundland, who - would have greatly graced the collection, was, it is said, drowned by - his owner last year under interesting circumstances. The dog was much - devoted to his master (a celebrated physiologist), and especially to - his boy, a child of six years old. One day the little fellow fell out - of a boat, and sank for the last time, when the dog arrived, and with - immense difficulty (the water being very deep and stormy) dived for - him and brought him safe to shore. The animal itself was so nearly - exhausted that its stertorous breathing and other symptoms suggested - to the physiologist the scientific interest which would attach to - watching it slowly drowning in a suitable vessel, where all the - conditions of that death could be accurately investigated on so large - a scale as that of a full sized dog. The learned gentleman - accordingly, in obedience to these fine and fleeting suggestions of - the intellect, drowned the animal in a tub in his physiological - laboratory as soon as his son was sufficiently recovered to witness - the instructive and entertaining spectacle. The dog, when withdrawn - half dead for a moment from the water, having attempted to lick the - boy’s face, the child was weak enough to implore his father to spare - it; but the learned gentleman of course pointed out to the boy the - folly of such a request, and the experiment was completed. We trust to - see this young gentleman hereafter as sound and eminent a physiologist - as his distinguished father. - -After some five columns more of similar _Intelligence_, the _Age of -Science_ proceeds to give its readers a few Reviews of Books. The -brevity of the remarks vouchsafed to these productions seems to indicate -that no great importance is attached to Literature properly so called, -but only to treatises on Physical Science. - -The Notices run as follow:— - - - _REVIEWS._ - - We do not usually in the _Age of Science_ intrude on the province of - the sixteen leading daily Scientific Newspapers devoted to critical - notices of the books which pour from the press on Electrology, - Physiology, Astronomy, Geology, &c. We are tempted to depart from our - rule, however, so far as to offer our meed of applause and - congratulation on the publication of the last of the six splendid - volumes forming the magnificent monograph on CHEESE-MITES, and the - still more costly and exhaustive treatise on the great mystery of the - FORMATION OF DUST IN DISUSED APARTMENTS. THE ANALYSIS OF THE DUST BIN, - which constitutes Book VIII. of this noble work, is a triumph of - scientific investigation and (to employ an obviously appropriate term) - of industry. In the inferior non-scientific walks of Literature we - find that no Histories have been published during the last - twelvemonth, and only one _Historical Essay_, namely:— - - _The Fall of the Church of England._ By the late (and last) Dean of - Westminster. The author of this book composed it, we are informed, - during his retirement in the Isle of Anglesea, whither, like most of - the clergy, and the Druids in former ages, he retreated after the - great victory gained by Science, when the Cathedrals and Churches were - made over by Parliament to the Medical Profession. The Dean traces the - fall of the Anglican Establishment to the disrepute into which it had - sunk in consequence of the folly of a party in the Church, who, in an - age of doubt and transition, when religion needed to be presented in - its most spiritual shape, made it appear by their practices a matter - of rites and forms altogether childish. It is quite possible that - these idle doings may have contributed to make sensible men impatient - and contemptuous, but we are persuaded that the abolition of the - Churches was due to a deeper and more widespread cause, namely, the - growth of that sound philosophy which recognises Matter as containing - itself the germ and potency of every form of life, and, of course, - dismisses the dream of a Soul in man, which might enjoy existence - after death. As soon as this great truth had had time to penetrate the - minds of the masses, the collapse of Religion obviously became - imminent. The sole attention and hopes of all classes have since been - confined to the preservation of health and the extension of life to - the utmost term of old age. That we have _bodies_, nobody can for a - moment question, and we properly recognise as our guides and masters - the Doctors who remedy their diseases. We have satisfied ourselves - that we have no _Souls_, and it would be truly absurd to expect of us - to maintain an order of clergy to undertake their “cure.” The - endowments originally devoted to the latter profession have been - naturally and fitly transferred to the former. - - - _POETRY._ - - _The Loves of the Triangles._ Reprinted from the _Anti-Jacobin_. We - rejoice to see the merits of this Poem recognised at last, and the - stupid idea of some dull critics that it was intended as a travesty - exploded in this graver age. With the exception of the _De Rerum - Natura_ of Lucretius, and of Darwin’s _Botanic Garden_, it is almost - the only poem bequeathed to us by the past worthy of retaining a place - in our libraries. - - _The Gout, and other Poems._ By the Poet Laureate. We warmly commend - this beautiful and affecting volume, especially to our youthful - readers. The accuracy wherewith the peculiarly poignant pangs of - Arthritis are delineated is beyond praise. We should, however, - recommend the omission of the episode of the patient’s marriage to his - shampooer. It is a tribute to that false taste which requires Poetry - to deal with Romance instead of with the facts of Science. - - - _FICTION._ - - _The Precession of the Equinox, and other Tales._ By Wilkinson - Collinson, Esq. This is a highly sensational story, and will sell like - wildfire at the bookstalls. The interest of the plot turns on the - phenomenon in question, but embraces subsidiary problems respecting - the sun’s path through the Zodiac. - - _Daniel Allround._ By George Evans. The chief attraction of this book - lies in the abstruse technical terminology which the author has - employed to illustrate profound observations of men and things. From - this point of view the work has a certain scientific value, but too - much space is lost by delineations of characters without tracing them - to the laws of Heredity. - - _Edwin and Angelina._ By J. Fitzparnell. Taking for his guidance the - observation of the immortal Bain, that the Tender Emotions are - exclusively Glandular Affections, the author of this charming novel - has afforded his readers a perfect study of the effects of each of the - passions—Pity, Sympathy, Regret, Disappointment, Hope, and Love—on the - various glands which they respectively affect. A simple love story - naturally describes each emotion in its turn, and allows us to pause - and acquaint ourselves with its physiological results. The lucid - explanation of the physiological reasons why Mothers love their - children is particularly valuable, as calculated to explode the last - stronghold of the superstitious reverence which was once paid to - parents among semi-civilized nations. - -After these critical Notices of Books, the _Age of Science_ proceeds to -offer the following remarks on Art and the Drama:— - - - _EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS._ - - FIRST NOTICE. - - To-day being the first of the New Year, this Exhibition was as usual - opened to the public, and we think all true lovers of Art will agree - that it is a most satisfactory one, and displays more than the usual - average merit of our Exhibitions, whether we consider the aggregate - number of important works, their size, their execution, or the noble - prices they have realised to their authors; such prices having been, - according to the lately adopted custom, published in the catalogues - issued after the day of the Private View, when connoisseurs have made - their selection of the works not previously disposed of in the - _ateliers_ of the artists. This (which is, after all, the true test of - success) greatly enhances the interest of these catalogues, affording - a guide as to the degree of public favour in which the respective - artists are held. Reform in the Academy itself, so long demanded, has - been at last effected, in spite of all the obstacles thrown in the way - of the reformers, who desired to break down the monopoly so long - maintained by the painters and sculptors, who would only consent to - the admission of a limited number of architects and engravers into - their privileged body. Now, at last, the claims of all artists have - been recognised, and Decorators, Carpet-designers, Metalworkers and - Electrotypers, Wood Carvers, &c. &c., have been admitted within its - walls, and the magic letters R.A. may frequently be found attached to - the names of the leading members of many of our manufacturing firms. - In fact, we may say that Painting and Sculpture have found their - level, and now that the great canon of Art has been thoroughly - established, and it is acknowledged that _Utility_, not _Beauty_, is - its only legitimate aim, and Scientific Reality and Accuracy, not wild - attempts at attaining a so-called Ideality, its true goal of - perfection, the merits of these too-long unrecognised geniuses have - been found to surpass all others. The mechanical helps with which - Science has supplied us have rendered it possible to accomplish feats - of which our ancestors had no idea. Photography has enabled us to - reproduce all possible forms, thus securing, with great economy of - labour, the facile execution of stupendous works adapted for the - decoration of the outside as well as the inside of our buildings. In - this Exhibition, of course, these gigantic works cannot be seen, but - the smaller ones by the same artists give us good specimens of their - power. No. 3,004, for instance, is well worthy the attention of - visitors. It is intended, as the catalogue informs us, for the wall - decoration of the Terminus of the Great Central Balloon Station, and - gives a very wonderfully correct representation of the three Provinces - into which London is now divided, as seen from the distance of six - miles above the height of St. Paul’s. Every roof and chimney is - accurately represented, and every feature of the smallest interest, on - the scale of an inch to a mile. Portrait-painting may be said to have - been entirely superseded now that the Sun has been compelled to add - colour to form in the pictures taken by the photographic camera, and - Landscape Art has died out in its old inaccurate fanciful sense, - having been succeeded by a more scientific method of representing - Nature as she really is. The geological formation of every mountain, - the physiology of each tree and blade of grass, as determined by - expert geologists and botanists, will alone satisfy us in this age of - science, and we demand this accuracy from all who pretend to record - the aspect of our country. We find all these requirements met in the - works of the distinguished landscape painter of No. 60,072, “View of - the Great Smelting Works,” in the iron district, lately discovered in - the North of Scotland. We venture to affirm that none but a thoroughly - educated man of science could have painted the details of this - picture, and we cannot bestow higher praise. The “Interior of the - Factory,” No. 20,621, is also a work deserving of much commendation - for the minuteness of its detail, which must be examined with a strong - magnifier to be thoroughly enjoyed—the complicated arrangement of the - machinery escaping the naked eye; also the texture of the materials - which are being manufactured into webs of the most gossamer-like - lightness from heaps of rough coarse yarns and woollen threads. The - faces of the operatives are exquisitely rendered, and you seem to hear - the noise of the wheels and cranks. - - The Sculpture Gallery is perhaps less attractive to the general public - than are the pictures; still it contains some interesting works, and - the tailors and milliners who were consulted by the art critics as to - the details of the costumes of the portrait statues, gave their - opinion that very few errors had been committed this year, thanks to - the advice tendered by them at sundry lectures delivered on the - subject last summer. Our statesmen and benefactors are no longer - represented in dress, or undress, in which they were never beheld, but - in the exact apparel which they actually wore; and future ages will be - afforded a correct idea not only of their features, but of any bodily - defects they may have laboured to conceal. Thus an archæological and - historical interest will attach to these effigies, and truth will be - upheld. Science has done much for this art also. Mechanical means have - assisted this accuracy of representation—notably in the application of - metal, which can now be applied to the dress, &c., where great - elaboration of detail is required, so as to admit, for example, of - stamping out patterns in lace ruffles, and imitating the very texture - of the materials, while the resemblance to marble is perfect. - Especially useful is this invention for the application of colour; and - we defy anyone to detect the difference of substance without the - closest observation, such as a skilful workman alone could bestow. The - advantages offered by this discovery are obvious in the case of veiled - statues, so much admired by the British public. (See Nos. 720 to - 1,293.) We cannot bestow too much praise on the exquisite polish of - surface and delicacy of the workmanship of many of these works, - notably in the feathers of the bird’s wing in No. 2,320, “A Chinese - Scullion plucking a Goose.” Compare this with the rude and uncouth - attempts of the ancient Greeks to idealize the naked human form! - - - _THEATRES._ - - At this season in former times, when boys were foolishly allowed to - leave school for the holidays, the theatres (as some of us are old - enough to remember) were much frequented, and were principally used - for a silly kind of entertainment called Pantomimes. Of the three - theatres in London which still continue to be devoted to some sort of - dramatic performance, and have not been transferred into Lecture - Halls, one only (the _Gaiety_) seems successful this winter. Crowds - attend every night to witness “School,” a piece in which there is no - folly of love-making, but the anxieties of a Competitive Examination - for Honours in Science are finely realised. A tragic interest is - imparted to the plot by making the hero become insane just as he has - achieved the object of his ambition. At the _Haymarket_ there has been - a failure which we fear will result in the ruin of the lessee. This - enterprising gentleman imagined it might be possible to revive in - these days an interest in some of the old plays once popular in this - country, and after (it appears) long consultation and deliberation, - determined to bring the _Merchant of Venice_ upon the boards. It was - hoped that the proposal of one of the characters of the piece, named - Shylock, to cut a pound of flesh from another, and the discussion - whether this could be done without the effusion of blood, would excite - the interest of the spectators. Unfortunately, as the author of the - drama (Shakespeare, we are informed) stops short at the very crisis of - the physiological experiment, and allows the intended subject to - escape, the audience not unnaturally have exhibited disappointment, - and the piece has been pronounced a failure. - - At the St. James’s Theatre the manager has likewise made a mistake in - reviving Moliere’s _Malade Imaginaire_. We see no humour in this, - so-called, comedy. Where is the point, for example, of the supposed - jest of making the young medical student, _Thomas Diafoirus_, present - his lady-love with a ticket of admission to a dissection? The act was - a natural and delicate attention. - -The next department of the _Age of Science_ is very short as usual. - - - _COURT._ - - Her Most Gracious Majesty, accompanied by the Princess Urania, and - attended by Dr. Brown and Dr. Robinson, Lords Physicians in Waiting, - honoured Dr. Scalpel’s studio by a visit, during which Dr. Scalpel - exhibited to the youthful Princess several beautiful preparations of - various cutaneous diseases, and of the morbid anatomy of Lupus and - Elephantiasis. - - Sir R. Atmosphere, Astronomer Royal, Sir A. Diggory, Geologist in - Ordinary to her Majesty, and the eminent Chemist, Herr Von - Pestle-Mortar, had the honour of dining with the Queen at Windsor - Castle at 10 P.M. The Lord Doctor of Winchester, Her Majesty’s Medical - Confessor, said the new Grace (“May good digestion wait on appetite”) - at the commencement of the repast, and the Band, with chorus of male - and female voices, performed at the conclusion the Hymn, “Oh, take thy - pill,—Oh, take thy pill,—Oh, take thy pilgrim home.” - -In examining the journals of a foreign country, the intelligent reader -will generally be able to gather some insight into the habits of the -natives by passing his eye down the columns of advertisements and noting -the class of objects presented for sale. In the _Age of Science_ there -are no less than fifty the vast pages we have described devoted to -announcements and puffs of the most astonishing variety, including -hundreds of articles whose names and uses are at present quite unknown. -Of advertisements of servants and other persons requiring employment we -have not found a single instance, but there were at least twenty columns -of invitations to “Ladies and Gentlemen” to be so kind as to act for the -advertiser in the capacity of housekeeper, steward, superintendent of -the house, or some equally well-sounding office, the remuneration -offered being at the lowest, it would seem, about £200 a year, with “the -use of a steam carriage,” and “every other luxury desired.” - -We must, however, leave the columns of ADVERTISEMENTS for future -examination, and proceed to give an account of the more important LAW -AND POLICE REPORTS, which form, perhaps, the most surprising part of the -_Age of Science_. It would appear that it had become necessary to hold -assizes in at least twenty towns and villages in every county; and that -the judges were incessantly occupied with cases of robbery, garrotting, -arson, rape, stabbing, poisoning, and (strange to remark) a number of -offences with new names, of whose nature we can merely guess, but which -appear to involve mortal injury to the victim. The words employed, such -as “Debarrassing,” “Morbifying,” “Disbraining,” “Petroleumization,” -“Electroding,” “Mesmeraciding,” &c., seem to have become so common as to -need no definition, and to have taken their place in the statute book. -For all these crimes the same class of penalties are allotted; the -convicted persons are invariably sentenced by the presiding judge to so -many weeks’ or months’ detention—not in prison, but in the Penal -Hospitals of their respective towns or villages. The principle on which -crime is thus visited appears from the addresses of several of the -magistrates, who remark that the “diseased minds” exhibited by the -robbers and murderers “obviously require careful medical treatment,” and -that they trust that the eminent Physicians and Surgeons to whom the -prisoners are consigned will not fail to complete their cure. In -numerous cases, as the offenders have been sentenced many times -previously, the judge speaks of their crime as exhibiting “an -intermittent fever” of homicidal rage, or of covetousness. Remarks are -also always made by the reporters as to the “abnormal cerebral -development” or “morbid symptoms” exhibited by the criminals, and the -tone assumed in speaking of them (even in cases of what we should term -the most cruel and brutal murders) is invariably one of scientific study -and calm philosophic analysis. - -A very different method of treatment, however, is adopted towards -another class of offenders, whom it would appear the authorities in the -_Age of Science_ are determined to put down in grim earnest. That our -readers may not suppose we mistake the sense of the amazing paragraphs -in which these new features of English legislation appear, we quote them -as they stand in the _Age of Science_, pp. 63 and 64. - - - _POLICE._ - - At the Mansion House this morning, 79 men and 140 women were summoned - for the non-attendance of their boys under two years old at the Public - Infants’ Science Classes in the new Kinder Garten in the Tower. - Various pleas were, as usual, put forth by the defendants, purporting - to prove in some cases that the children were ill with small-pox and - scarlet fever, and in several instances that they were dying or dead. - Mr. Alderman Busby remarked that “if they were to listen to such - pleas, children would grow up to three or four years old without - learning even the rudiments of astronomy or palæontology.” He ordered - all the fathers to be publicly flogged, and the mothers to receive - each a dozen stripes of the birch privately, in the State Whipping - House, and to stand on benches for three days in the nearest - Elementary School during school hours. - - [Similar judgments are recorded at Westminster, Worship Street, - Clerkenwell, and several other police-courts in London and the - provincial towns.] - - - _MIDDLESEX SESSIONS._ - - The Duke and Duchess of Broadacres, the Marquis of Carabas, Lady Clara - Vere de Vere, and the Lady Adeline Amundeville were brought up (in - chains) to receive sentence on the charges (fully proved against them - last week) of having deceived the Officers of Domestic Inspection - respecting their own and their children’s Canination and Porcination. - It was shown that all the defendants had been Vaccinated according to - law four times during the last twelvemonth, and Equinated twice during - the late prevalence of glanders, but though Rabies and the Measles - were both known to be raging in London, they had not only neglected to - present themselves and their children at the Canine and Porcine - Stations in Queen’s Gate, but had deceived the Inspectors as above - stated by exhibiting the former scars for the latter. Being unable to - produce any medical certificate showing that they had obeyed the law, - and having been found “guilty” by a special jury (containing, of - course, the legal proportion—three-fourths—of Medical graduates), all - five prisoners were sentenced by Mr. Justice Draco to the extreme - penalty of the law. They will be vivisected for the instruction of the - students at the magnificent new School of Physiology in Carlton - Gardens, as soon after the opening of the session as may be - convenient. Some sympathy was expressed in court for the Duke of - Broadacres, who, being an elderly nobleman in feeble health, seems to - have feared superstitiously the processes (unknown in his youth) of - using, for the purpose of inoculations, the saliva from mad dogs, as a - preventive of hydrophobia, on the principle of “a hair of the dog - which has bitten you.” The expression of misplaced public - commiseration was instantly checked by the learned Judge, and the - prisoners were removed, exhibiting many signs of trepidation. Lady - Clara Vere de Vere implored that she might be even Ratified sooner - than given over to the students, but her request was, of course, - sternly refused. It is indeed specially fortunate that so sensitive a - subject as this young and delicate-looking lady is likely to prove - should fall, in course of law, under physiological investigation at - the moment when the exquisite experiments of Dr. Blacksmith on the - Nervous System are in course of exposition. - -Even these startling announcements, however, are less surprising than -the following:— - - - _SANITARY OFFICE._ - - Dec. 25, 1977. - - The proceedings of this most high and solemn Court in the Realm were, - as usual, held with closed doors. There were present five Lord - Doctors, and sentences were passed, after due deliberation, and (it is - rumoured) the application of the Question, ordinary and extraordinary, - on nine obstinate heretics. Three of these were members of that - fanatical sect, the Peculiar People, who refuse to consult physicians - on the ground of religious scruples—an instance of the survival of - outworn superstitions scarcely credible in this enlightened _Age of - Science_. One of these miserable delinquents, named John Nokes, - alleged that his twelve children had enjoyed unbroken health till his - youngest little boy cut his finger. The wretched father, instead of - hurrying instantly for the nearest surgeon, himself dressed the - child’s wound (which appears to have been superficial) with adhesive - plaster, and gave the child a fragment of toffee to stop his crying, - in lieu of the proper therapeutic remedies for the shock to the - nervous system which any medical attendant would have exhibited. The - crime came fortunately to the knowledge of the police, who immediately - brought the matter before the Sanitary Office. A second offender of - the same sect, named Styles, had, it seems, an attack of Podagra, but - took no advice, and having rather quickly recovered, was in hopes (it - is supposed) that his neglect to obey the law would pass undiscovered. - A crutch seen in his room raised the suspicion of a visitor, and the - offender was eventually arrested. When interrogated by the Lord - Presiding Doctor of the Sanitary Court as to the motives of his crime, - the man (as his sentence sets forth) actually dared to reply by - quoting a passage from an obsolete book, wherein it is narrated of a - certain King, “Now Asa was diseased in his feet, yet in his disease he - sought not to the Lord, but to the physicians. And Asa slept with his - fathers.”[1] This narrative, as Styles had the audacity to argue, was - an authentic, and, indeed, inspired report of a fit of the gout—its - diagnosis, treatment, and the result. As he did not desire to “sleep - with his fathers,” he (Styles) had avoided consulting the physicians, - and had endeavoured to consult the Lord by following the dictates of - common sense, and the consequence was that he had recovered with - unusual rapidity. The Lord President was moved to great indignation by - the obduracy of this heretic. He remarked that the book which - contained such a passage—a volume which, he was happy to say, he had, - for his part, never read—ought to be burnt before the doors of the - London University; and as to the prisoner Styles, it would be useless - for him to hope to escape sharing in the same combustion. - -Footnote 1: - - 2 Chron. xvi. 12. - - After the Peculiar People, two Homœopaths were found guilty—one of - administering globules to an old woman, the other of refusing to join - in the processions on the 5th of November, when the busts of Hahnemann - are carried to be calcined. The remaining four heretics avowed belief - in as many different heinous errors. One gave credit to MICHEL’S - process for the cure of external cancer, another thought new-born - infants ought not to be dosed with castor oil; a third placed - confidence in bone-setters, and the fourth (a very old lady) retained - an infatuated preference for the remedies which were in vogue a - century ago—bromide of potassium and chloral—which, of course, have - been since peremptorily condemned and pronounced highly injurious by - the supreme authority of the Faculty. - - The aforesaid nine heretics, having been solemnly found “guilty,” - after due inquisition by the High Sanitary Office, were condemned as - contumacious by the Lord Presiding Doctor, and the Most Eminent - Doctors Pole, Gardiner, and Bonner, and were delivered over last night - to the Secular Arm. Piles are in process of erection in Trafalgar - Square. It is announced that Her Gracious Majesty Queen Mary III. will - preside at the execution, which will take place on Sunday morning - next, after hearing a Lecture on “True Medical Belief,” to be - delivered by Her Majesty’s Medical Confessor in Ordinary, Dr. Torr - Quemada, under the dome of St. Paul’s. - -Such is a brief abstract of these most astounding _Law and Police -Reports_ in the _Age of Science_. We make no comments upon them, except -the expression of our wonder at the similarity between the office and -behaviour of a Priest of Religion in the fifteenth century and a Priest -of Science in the twentieth. With complete citations of four out of the -twenty-five Leading Articles of the _Age of Science_, we must conclude -this imperfect but thoroughly reliable account of the remarkable journal -of 1977, whose discovery has been the glorious first-fruits of the -PROSPECTIVE TELEGRAPH. - - Since the epoch, now nearly forty years past, when SMITH made his - immortal discovery of the Army Exterminator, followed up so rapidly by - JONES’ invention of the Fleet Annihilator, international policy has - necessarily undergone a great modification. As war has become - impossible as an _ultima ratio_ in any case, and the principle of - Arbitration, on which such hopes were founded, has proved ineffective, - in consequence of the general refusal of the working classes to permit - their governments to pay the _amendes_ agreed upon by the Arbitrators, - a permanent state of discord between nations seems to have become - established. The dream of Free Trade having also been exploded, - following the example of the American Empire, at that time a Republic, - (prohibitive duties having been placed by the different States on - their own exports and the imports of other countries,) commerce is - undoubtedly, just now, considerably hampered. The immense facilities - for travelling which we possess, thanks to the æro-magnetic propeller, - have also their disadvantages, since the abandonment of extradition - treaties allows the criminals of each country to take refuge - immediately in the neighbouring State, when they happen to entertain - any serious objection to detention in the Penal Hospitals. For all - these drawbacks to our progress, however, SCIENCE will no doubt soon - provide an efficient remedy. - - We are on the high-road, it cannot be doubted, to a period of - prosperity and universal longevity (after all, the main object of all - rational ambition) such as the world has not hitherto beheld. - - The foreign news of the hour is somewhat unsatisfactory. In - consequence of the generally lawless condition of the Southern Russian - Republics, the great corn districts of those regions have for some - years been falling out of cultivation; and no hopes are entertained - that we shall be able to import any more grain from Odessa, or indeed - from any quarter of the world. In a similar way, the native rulers to - whom we restored what was formerly called our Indian Empire, and also - China after its brief occupation, have so far adopted American and - European ideas as to place for this next year such duties on rice and - tea as will almost prohibit the importation of those articles into the - English market, while they have positively forbidden the introduction - of English cotton or iron into their respective States. The bad and - deceptive quality of the goods furnished by our manufacturers is the - alleged cause of these unfortunate regulations. SCIENCE will, no - doubt, ere long enable us to supply the deficiencies thus caused both - in our Commissariat and the income hitherto derived from manufacture; - but, for the present, some anxiety is naturally felt in commercial - circles regarding these untoward events. Against all mishaps, however, - we rejoice to set the announcement—which will be greeted with - universal exultation—that the researches of the learned Professor - Coppervale respecting the animalculæ causing the Vine Disease, the - Silk-worm Disease, and the Potato Disease, have resulted in the - glorious discovery of a method of conveying the infection with - absolute scientific certainty from a plant or insect which has been - attacked to another still healthy. In this manner the vineyards of - Château La Rose and of Château Yquem have both been effectively - inoculated by the processes recommended by the English Professor to - the French Director of Agriculture; and the result is perfectly - satisfactory. Not a grape on either ground was available during the - last vintage for wine-making. In the words, then, of an illustrious - philosopher of last century, “From this vantage ground already won we - look forward with confident hope to the triumph of science over all - the loss and misery which the human race has experienced.” Anyone who - has eaten a grape infected with the _phylloxera_ according to - Professor Coppervale’s stupendous discovery, will have enjoyed a - foretaste of the triumph of Science in ages to come. - - * * * * * - - Considerable excitement prevails just now in many of our large towns - in consequence of the needful, but somewhat troublesome, formalities - required by law before any trade or handicraft may be exercised. - Blacksmiths’ apprentices, we are told, very generally resent the - necessity of passing their proper examinations in Metallurgy before - they are qualified to shoe a horse; and the Artificial Flower Makers - constantly evade attendance at the lectures on Botany, given expressly - for their benefit. The candidates for licenses as Cabdrivers have more - than once exhibited signs of discontent, when rejected on the grounds - that they failed to answer some of the simplest examination questions - on the principles of Mechanics applied to Traction, and on the - correlation of Heat and Motion, as discovered by the illustrious - author of “Heat as a Mode of Motion.” A strike (it is even rumoured) - is impending among the stonemasons and bricklayers and slaters in a - certain large city, because the Police, at the order of the - Magistrates, having brought up several members of those trade-unions - to the Local Examining Board for inquiry, it was elicited that none of - them had acquired a competent knowledge of Geology in general, nor - even of the formation of the strata of rocks wherewith their proper - business is concerned. - - These difficulties were to be anticipated in the progress of - Scientific knowledge among the masses, and we earnestly hope that no - proposal to relax the late very wise legislation will be made in - Parliament, but rather to reinforce the existing Acts by severer - penalties upon ignorance and inattention. Who can for a moment think, - for example, of allowing his shirt to be washed by a person who knows - nothing of the chemistry of soap, blue, and starch? or his dinner - cooked by a man who (however skilled in the mere kitchen art of - sending up appetising dishes) is totally ignorant of how much albumen, - salts, and alkalies go to the formation of vegetable and animal diet? - - A kindred subject of unreasonable popular dissatisfaction are the - Medical Certificates of good Health now legally required from men, - women, and children performing any kind of labour in factories, - warehouses, shops, fields, ships, or in domestic service. Obviously it - is impossible to certify the health of any individual for more than a - few days at a time, and the necessity which the recent Act enforces of - obtaining a fresh certificate (and, of course, paying the doctor for - it) every week, is felt by discontented persons as a burden unfairly - laid upon them by the State. We regret that the process is, in truth, - slightly troublesome and expensive (the _minimum_ fee for the humbler - trades is, as our readers are aware, half-a-crown; for exercising the - higher professions—artists, merchants, lawyers, &c.—5_s._), but it was - recognised so long ago as 1876 as a right principle of legislation in - the case of factory works, and it now forms so legitimate a source of - regular income to a large body of most respectable medical gentlemen, - who make it their business to grant certificates, that we cannot - imagine anyone being so ill-advised as to suggest the repeal of the - law. Of course the number of persons thus excluded from the labour - market is very considerable indeed, but we must accept such a - consequence as inevitable. Since cripples were rejected a century ago - for the office of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, the practice has - been constantly followed of placing restrictions upon the feeble - attempts at industry of persons labouring under natural defects and - disabilities, and the Blind, for example, are no longer allowed to - compete with the seeing in making mats and baskets. For all such - wretched people there are open the proper asylums, the Hospital for - the diseased, and the Workhouse for the feeble, the maimed, the deaf, - and the blind. Charity itself can ask no more. The resistance of these - unfortunates against entering these institutions must be put down. The - world is, after all, made for the strong—the strong in mind, and the - strong in body; and the notion that it is our business to “bear each - other’s burdens” belonged altogether to an Unscientific age. What if - physicians and surgeons _do_ try experiments daily on the patients in - the hospitals, sometimes involving a good deal of pain, or loss of - limb or life? These people are fed and housed, and often extravagantly - fattened up on the most luxurious food, on the condition of serving - the cause of Science as subjects of experiments. And what, again, if - the children in the workhouses be given over now and then by the - Guardians, at the request of the Medical authorities, for vivisection? - They are nearly always placed under the influence of anæsthetics, - indeed, we may say invariably so, unless the object of the experiment - would be frustrated by their use. Could the humanest of our - humanitarians ask anything more? The rule of SCIENCE is the most - benign, as well as enlightened, the world has ever seen. - - * * * * * - - The sanitary interests of the community are now recognized on all - hands as the supreme concern of the State, as the care of his own - health and the prolongation of life at all costs are the chief ends of - each individual man. We therefore commence our yearly review by noting - in what manner the advance of SCIENCE, (in which lies our only hope,) - has contributed during the past twelvemonth towards this grand object. - - The foremost place of honour is, of course, due to the discovery of - the eminent Dr. Howlem of the scientific way to give Cholera; after - which we may reckon Dr. Mowlem’s short method of conveying the Plague; - and last, Dr. Bowlem’s most interesting and valuable plan for - producing Leprosy. These immense discoveries (effected, it is needless - to remark, by laborious pathological experiments on animals and - idiots) may well make the past year memorable in the annals of the - Science of Medicine; and though the particular specific remedies for - the diseases in question have not yet been ascertained by the Faculty, - we can scarcely fail to attain that secondary object ere long, - together with the proper treatment of Consumption, Scarlet Fever, and - other maladies which Science has been able to convey for the last - hundred years, and _must_ ere long find out how to cure. - - Next in importance to actual discovery we are inclined to place the - new Regulations which Parliament has laid down in obedience to the - High Court of Convocation. The absolute prohibition to Women to read - or write—even in cases where they may have formerly acquired those - arts (now recognised as so unsuitable to their sex)—will, we - apprehend, tell importantly on the health of infants, and of course - eventually on that of the community. So long as females indulged in no - more deleterious practices than dancing in hot rooms all night, - unclothing their necks and chests, wearing thin slippers which exposed - their feet to deadly chills, and tightening their waists till their - ribs were crushed inwards, the Medical Profession very properly left - them to follow their own devices with but little public remonstrance. - The case was altered, however, when, three or four generations ago, a - considerable movement was made for what was then called the Higher - Education of women. The feeble brains of young females were actually - taxed to study the now forgotten Greek and Latin languages, and even - Mathematics and such Natural Science as was then understood. The - result was truly alarming; for these poor creatures flung themselves - with such energy into the pursuits opened to them, that, as one of - their critics remarked, they resembled “the palmer-worm and the - canker-worm—they devoured every green thing”—and not seldom surpassed - their masculine competitors. At length they began to aim at entering - the learned Professions—the Legal, and even the Medical. Our readers - may be inclined to doubt the latter fact, which seems to involve - actual absurdity, but there is evidence that there once existed two or - three Lady Doctors in London, who, like Pope Joan in Rome, foisted - themselves surreptitiously into an exalted position from which Nature - should have debarred them. Of course it was the solemn duty of the - Medical Profession to put a stop at once to an error which might lead - to such a catastrophe, and numerous books were immediately written - proving (what we all now acknowledge) that the culture of the brains - of women is highly detrimental to their proper functions in the - community; and, in short, that the more ignorant a woman may be, the - more delightful she is as a wife, and the better qualified to fulfil - the duties of a mother. - - Since SCIENCE has thoroughly gained the upper hand over Religious and - other prejudices, the position of women, we are happy to say, has been - steadily sinking, and the dream of a Higher Education has been - replaced by the abolition of even Elementary Schools for girls, and - now by the final Act of last Session, which renders it penal for any - woman to read a hook or newspaper, or to write a letter. We anticipate - the very happiest results from this thoroughly sound and manly - legislation. - - The last sanitary event to which we need at present advert is the new - law by which, on the certificate of any single Medical Graduate that a - person is Insane, the police will be called on immediately to arrest - and consign him to such mad-house as the Medical graduate shall - appoint. The magistrate by whose order the arrest is made is left no - option as to obeying the Medical graduate’s certificate, and we are - glad also to see that, by another clause in the Act, the only - remaining difficulty connected with these Asylums has been removed. - None but a Medical graduate, responsible only to the great Medical - Trades Union Council, is henceforth eligible to the office of - Inspector of any Lunatic Asylum throughout the kingdom, nor can any - Justice of the Peace grant an order for admittance or search, except - to such a graduate. These wise and reasonable regulations will afford - much satisfaction to the Medical gentlemen who have undertaken the - arduous but not unprofitable profession of managers and proprietors of - Lunatic Asylums. - - * * * * * - - Our prognostics of last New Year’s Day have been amply justified by - the Summary of Crime for the past twelvemonth, which has just been - published, according to the excellent recent appointment of the - Registrar General of Offences. Crimes of the lesser class, such as - murders, poisonings, electroding and exploding, have indeed increased - considerably in number, and perhaps also in the degree of recklessness - and violence exhibited by the offenders; but on the other hand, as we - prophesied, those crimes which involve so much larger evils to the - community—the detestable Homœopathic and Hydropathic heresies, - Infidelity respecting the sacred doctrine of Evolution, neglect of - Schooling, and neglect of Equination, Vaccination, Canination, and - Porcination, have dwindled under the severe measures of punishment - which we urged for so long on a too lax legislature, but which have at - last been thoroughly enforced. We may really hope to see a few years - hence the Reign of SCIENCE so complete that no man, woman, or child in - the land will presume to whisper a doubt on any subject on which the - Sanitary Office has pronounced, or attempt to evade the seasons - appointed by authority for receiving the Rites above mentioned. The - Act passed at the end of the last century, whereby certificates of - Vaccination were substituted for all legal purposes for Baptismal - certificates, was the first step towards the happy order of things - under which we now have the privilege to dwell. - - Lest our readers should feel a not wholly unnatural anxiety, founded - on the admitted increase of the lesser crimes to which we have - adverted, we wish to remind them that such an occurrence was - inevitable on the final collapse of Religion, and that we must be - content to wait till Science shall have had time to substitute some - more effectual checks on human passions than it has yet been in our - power to apply. It is too obvious to need remark that since men have - learned that Death is the end of their existence, they must be - expected to seize more hastily and resolutely every pleasure which - life may offer, nay, that it would be absurd and unscientific to - expect them to do otherwise. Let us do justice to the old effete - superstition, and admit that the delusive notion that an invisible - Being watched human actions, loved good men, and would punish bad ones - in another world, if not in the present, was calculated to exercise - considerable influence of a beneficial sort on ordinary minds. Certain - types of character (not now, of course, to be found in the world) seem - to have flourished under the fictitious charm of these antique - ideas—characters exhibiting a certain courage and unselfishness, of - which it is scarcely possible to read without some little regret that - they are not conformable with sounder philosophic views of the nature - and destiny of man. People had, we must remember, in former days, four - distinct motives for doing good instead of evil. First, they believed - in an omnipotent Lord and Master whom they called “God.” 2nd, they - believed in a sacred internal Guide whom they called Conscience; and - 3rd, they believed in a peculiar principle of action which they called - Honour. After all these came the Criminal Law, ready to punish those - who neglected what were deemed to be loftier motives. Now we, in this - glorious _Age of Science_, must remember that of all these four - incentives to virtue only one remains. We know there is no God, or, at - least, that, if there be, he is Unknown and Unknowable; and we are - persuaded that Conscience is merely the inherited prejudice of our - barbarous ancestors in favour of the class of actions which were found - conducive to the welfare of the tribe. As to the Law of Honour, men - had already begun to forget what it signified a hundred years ago, - when the Age of SCIENCE was just dawning, for we find at that epoch a - writer of considerable pretensions, in a periodical called the - _Fortnightly Review_, actually asserting that its standard “is - submission not to Law but to Opinion ... deference to the opinion of a - particular class.” Up to that period we think it was universally - understood by “honourable” persons to signify, quite on the contrary, - Reverence for an inward standard of rectitude, truth, and generosity; - for a man’s own private sense of Honour and self-respect, which he - would not forfeit to gain the applause of a world. In our time, of - course, it is needless to say that all these fine ideal sentiments - have gone utterly out of vogue, and, having left them behind us, we - have only the Criminal Law on which to rely for the protection of life - and property. It is needless to repeat that the delusive exhortations - of some amiable but short-sighted philosophers of the last century to - “labour for the good of Humanity in future generations” (a motive - which they supposed would prove a substitute for the old Historic - Religions) have been once and for all answered by the grand discovery - of the Astronomers that our planet cannot long remain the habitation - of man (even if it escape any sidereal explosion) since the Solar heat - is undergoing such rapid exhaustion. When the day comes—as come it - must—when the fruits of the earth perish one by one, when the dead and - silent woods petrify, and all the races of animals become extinct—when - the icy seas flow no longer, and the pallid Sun shines dimly over the - frozen world, locked like the Moon in eternal frost and - lifelessness—what, in that day predicted so surely by Science, will - avail all the works, and hopes, and martyrdoms of man? All the stores - of knowledge which we shall have accumulated will be for ever lost. - Our discoveries, whereby we have become the lords of creation and - wielded the great forces of Nature, will be useless and forgotten. The - virtues which have been perfected, the genius which has glorified, the - love which has blessed the human race, will all perish along with it. - Our libraries of books, our galleries of pictures, our fleets, our - railroads, our vast and busy cities, will be desolate and useless for - evermore. No intelligent eye will ever behold them; and no mind in the - universe will know or remember that there ever existed such a being as - Man. _This_ is what SCIENCE teaches us unerringly to expect,—and in - view of it, who shall talk to us of “labouring for the sake of - Humanity”? The enthusiasm which could work disinterestedly for a - Progress destined inevitably to end in an eternal Glacial Period must - be recognised as a dream, wherein no man in a Scientific Age can long - indulge. - - There is, then, but one Method on which we can rely to repress human - passions and hold together the somewhat brittle chain of Society. That - method is the Scientific Treatment of Crime, under such conditions as - careful investigation and experiments may prove to be best suited to - effect its cure. We can hold out no supersensual motives to the - _Minds_ of the multitude, but we can treat their _Bodies_ in the very - best manner possible to render them virtuous and industrious citizens. - It is true that as yet the results of our efforts in this direction - have not been very satisfactory. The salutary processes employed in - the Penal Hospitals under the most eminent physicians have not been - altogether crowned with success; and crime of the violent kind - increases year by year almost in geometrical proportion. Nevertheless, - it would ill become any of us who have the privilege to live in this - enlightened age to entertain a shadow of a doubt that our Scientific - method is the right one, and that by-and-by (while we respectfully - wait the results of their experiments) our great Medical men will - discover the proper remedies for murder, rape, and robbery. For our - own part, it is superfluous to assure our readers, we retain - unwavering, unbounded faith in the resources of SCIENCE to provide a - perfect substitute for Religion, for Conscience, and for Honour. - - - J. OGDEN AND CO., PRINTERS, 172, ST. JOHN STREET, E.C. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES - - - 1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - 2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. - 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AGE OF SCIENCE *** - -***** This file should be named 63581-0.txt or 63581-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/5/8/63581/ - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - diff --git a/old/63581-0.zip b/old/63581-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 9790dbd..0000000 --- a/old/63581-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/63581-h.zip b/old/63581-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 6159b14..0000000 --- a/old/63581-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/63581-h/63581-h.htm b/old/63581-h/63581-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index b416626..0000000 --- a/old/63581-h/63581-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2207 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> - <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Age of Science, by Merlin Nostradamus</title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - body { margin-left: 8%; margin-right: 10%; } - h1 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: xx-large; } - h2 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; } - .pageno { right: 1%; font-size: x-small; background-color: inherit; color: silver; - text-indent: 0em; text-align: right; position: absolute; - border: thin solid silver; padding: .1em .2em; font-style: normal; - font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; } - p { text-indent: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: justify; } - sup { vertical-align: top; font-size: 0.6em; } - .fss { font-size: 75%; } - .sc { font-variant: small-caps; } - .large { font-size: large; } - .xlarge { font-size: x-large; } - .small { font-size: small; } - .lg-container-b { text-align: center; } - @media handheld { .lg-container-b { clear: both; } } - .linegroup { display: inline-block; text-align: left; } - @media handheld { .linegroup { display: block; margin-left: 1.5em; } } - .linegroup .group { margin: 1em auto; } - .linegroup .line { text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em; } - div.linegroup > :first-child { margin-top: 0; } - .linegroup .in30 { padding-left: 18.0em; } - .ol_1 li {padding-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; } - ol.ol_1 {padding-left: 0; margin-left: 2.78%; margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .5em; list-style-type: decimal; } - div.footnote > :first-child { margin-top: 1em; } - div.footnote p { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; } - div.pbb { page-break-before: always; } - hr.pb { border: none; border-bottom: thin solid; margin-bottom: 1em; } - @media handheld { hr.pb { display: none; } } - .chapter { clear: both; page-break-before: always; } - .figcenter { clear: both; max-width: 100%; margin: 2em auto; text-align: center; } - .figcenter img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } - .id001 { width:10%; } - @media handheld { .id001 { margin-left:45%; width:10%; } } - .ig001 { width:100%; } - .nf-center { text-align: center; } - .nf-center-c0 { text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0; } - .c000 { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c001 { page-break-before: always; margin-top: 4em; } - .c002 { margin-top: 2em; } - .c003 { margin-top: 4em; } - .c004 { page-break-before:auto; margin-top: 4em; } - .c005 { margin-top: 2em; text-indent: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; } - .c006 { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; } - .c007 { text-indent: 0; margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; } - .c008 { margin-top: 1em; } - .c009 { margin-left: 2.78%; text-indent: 1em; margin-top: 0.25em; - margin-bottom: 0.25em; } - .c010 { border: none; border-bottom: thin solid; margin-top: 0.8em; - margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 35%; margin-right: 35%; width: 30%; } - .c011 { text-decoration: none; } - div.tnotes { padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;background-color:#E3E4FA; - border:1px solid silver; margin:2em 10% 0 10%; font-family: Georgia, serif; - } - .covernote { visibility: hidden; display: none; } - div.tnotes p { text-align:left; } - .x-ebookmaker .covernote { visibility: visible; display: block; } - .figcenter {font-size: .9em; page-break-inside: avoid; max-height: 100%; - max-width: 100%; } - .footnote {font-size: .9em; } - div.footnote p {text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: .5em; } - .chapter,.section { clear: both; page-break-before: always; } - .ol_1 li {font-size: .9em; } - .x-ebookmaker .ol_1 li {padding-left: 1em; text-indent: 0em; } - body {font-family: serif, 'DejaVu Sans'; text-align: justify; } - table {font-size: .9em; padding: 1.5em .5em 1em; page-break-inside: avoid; - clear: both; } - div.titlepage {text-align: center; page-break-before: always; - page-break-after: always; } - div.titlepage p {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; - line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3em; } - .ph2 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; margin: .75em auto; - page-break-before: always; } - </style> - </head> - <body> -<pre style='margin-bottom:6em;'>The Project Gutenberg EBook of The age of science, by Merlin Nostradamus - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this ebook. - -Title: The age of science - -Subtitle: A newspaper of the twentieth century - -Author: Merlin Nostradamus - -Release Date: October 31, 2020 [EBook #63581] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from - images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AGE OF SCIENCE *** -</pre> -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><b>Transcriber’s Note:</b></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='titlepage'> - -<div> - <h1 class='c001'>THE AGE OF SCIENCE.<br /> <span class='large'><em>A NEWSPAPER OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.</em></span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>BY</div> - <div><span class='xlarge'>MERLIN NOSTRADAMUS.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-b'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>“Forerun thy time, thy peers, and let</div> - <div class='line'>Thy feet, milleniums hence, be set</div> - <div class='line'>In midst of knowledge dreamed not yet:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'> · · · · ·</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Thou hast not gained a real height,</div> - <div class='line'>Nor art thou nearer to the light.”</div> - <div class='line in30'><cite>Two Voices.</cite></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/title.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='large'><em>LONDON</em>:</span></div> - <div><span class='large'>WARD, LOCK, AND TYLER,</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>Warwick House, Paternoster Row</span>.</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='small'>LONDON:</span></div> - <div><span class='small'>PRINTED BY J. OGDEN AND CO.,</span></div> - <div><span class='small'>172, ST. JOHN STREET, E.C.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span> - <h2 class='c004'>THE AGE OF SCIENCE</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>The greatest discovery ever achieved by man is -beyond all question that which it is now our privilege -to announce, namely, that of the new <span class='sc'>Prospective -Telegraph</span>. By this truly wonderful invention -(exquisitely simple in its machinery, yet of surpassing -power) the obstacle of <em>Time</em> is as effectually -conquered as that of <em>Space</em> has been for the last -generation by the Electric Telegraph; and future -years—even, it is anticipated, future centuries—will -be made to respond to our call as promptly -and completely as do now the uttermost parts of -the earth wherewith the magic wire has placed us -in communication.</p> - -<p class='c006'>For obvious reasons the particulars of this most -marvellous invention, and the name of its author, -must be withheld from the public till the patents -be made out, and the enormous profits which must -accrue from its application be secured to the Company -<span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>which is invited to undertake to work it (with -limited liability). We are only permitted by special -favour to hint that the natural Force relied on to set -the machinery in action is neither Electric, Magnetic, -nor Galvanic; nor yet any combination of these; but -that other great correlated imponderable agency, whose -existence has been for some time suspected by many -intelligent inquirers, called the <em>Psychic Force</em>, whose -laws of action it has been reserved for this new and -greater <span class='sc'>Wheatstone</span> to develop and apply to practical -utility. That no scepticism may linger in the -minds of our readers, we desire to add that we have -been gratified by the actual inspection of several -short fragments forestalled by this invaluable process -from the press of the next fifty, eighty, and one -hundred and thirty years respectively; and have at -this moment in our hands a complete transcript -(the most important document of the series) of a -newspaper bearing date January 1st, 1977, photographed -in a very beautiful manner by the machine -upon an enormous sheet of paper, which was -found needful to contain the type in the most -compressed form. As the printed matter of this -gigantic periodical equals at least in bulk the whole -of Gibbon’s History, or Mr. Jowett’s edition of -Plato, we cannot attempt to do more than offer our -<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>readers a few brief extracts, serving, however, we trust, -as not inadequate samples of the literary treasures -which are shortly to be revealed to our curiosity, -and satisfying even the most incredulous that the -invention of which we speak has been crowned with -triumphant success. We have only to add that -the great originator of this discovery entertains -hopes that, by an ingenious <em>inversion</em> of the action -of his machine, he may be able to convert it, when -required, into a <span class='sc'>Retrospective Telegraph</span>, bringing -back the Past, as it already antedates the Future, -and restoring to us all the records of antiquity -whose loss we have deplored, as, for example, the -Odes of Sappho, the missing Books of Livy, -the Prometheus Unbound of Æschylus, and the -original MSS. of the Vedas, the Zend Avesta, and -the Pentateuch. The final completion of this latter -discovery, however, is scarcely perfected, and we -shall not therefore pause to describe its probable -value, but proceed without further delay to put our -readers in possession of all the details for which we -can find space concerning the Newspaper of 1977, -which has been very sagaciously selected by the -inventor as the first fruits of the working of his -Prospective Machine.</p> - -<p class='c006'>The name of this journal (which, we conclude, may -<span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>be considered as the <em>Times</em> of the twentieth century) -is</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='large'>THE AGE OF SCIENCE,</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>and obviously refers with pride to the consciousness -of its readers that they live in a period of the world’s -history when Science reigns supreme over human -affairs, having achieved unimaginable triumphs, and -altogether superseded most of the pursuits of mankind -in ruder ages, such as War, the Chase, Literature, -Art, and Religion. This appropriate title is -printed, we may remark, in the largest and clearest -possible Roman type, instead of in the Old English -character now commonly used for a similar -purpose. No fount, indeed, which we have ever seen -employed, save in a few old Italian folio <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">éditions de -luxe</span></i>, has type so large and legible as that in which -the whole newspaper is printed, the greatest care -apparently being taken to spare the eyes—or perhaps -we should say the spectacles—of the readers, since, -judging from the opticians’ advertisements of “Spectacles -for Infants,” “Spectacles for Elementary -Schools by the gross,” and “Cautions to Mothers” -against allowing babies to use their eyes, it would -appear that unassisted vision had become rare, if not -unknown. There are ten columns on each page, each -<span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>ten times as long as it is broad, and there are a -hundred pages in the journal, proving that the -decimal system has been thoroughly adopted even in -such details. Spread out open, the <cite>Age of Science</cite> -would cover the floor of a very large hall, and we -apprehend from certain marks that a convenient -method of suspending it on pulleys from the ceiling, -must have superseded our clumsy practice of holding -our papers with extended arms.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Proceeding to peruse the intensely interesting -contents of the <cite>Age of Science</cite>, we first note that -it is written in English differing from our own -chiefly by the use of a strange and, to our eyes, barbarous -orthography, (intended, we presume, to facilitate -elementary education,) and by the introduction -of a vast number of technical terms of the class we -reserve for scientific treatises, but which are apparently -brought into use in everyday parlance. The -familiarity of the contributors with all gases, fluids, -and substances of chemistry, all the bones of all the -beasts, birds, and fishes which live, or ever did live, -on this planet, and all the diseases incidental to -humanity, speaks volumes for the superiority of their -scientific education over our own. At the same -time, on two or three occasions when illustrations -have been chosen from past History or Poetry, the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>writers betray that their studies have not been much -extended in the direction of Literature. One gentleman -thinks that Mr. <span class='sc'>Gladstone</span> wrote the Iliad -on hints afforded by Dr. Schliemann, and that -<span class='sc'>Milton</span> was the author of the Book of Genesis. -Another refers to the period when Rome was founded -by <span class='sc'>Romeo</span> and <span class='sc'>Juliet</span>, while a third mentions the -“once celebrated <cite>Divina Commedia</cite> by <span class='sc'>Moliere</span>,” -and regrets that “so curious a specimen of archaic -Japanese art as Titian’s ‘Assumption’ should not -have been spared from the pile in which the ‘Transfiguration’ -of <em>Phidias</em> and the ‘Last Supper’ of -<em>Praxiteles</em> were so judiciously destroyed by order of -the Committee of the Royal Academy, to put a stop -to the propagation of bad æsthetic taste.” For the -intelligence of our readers we shall be compelled to -translate the singular phraseology of the <cite>Age of -Science</cite> as nearly as possible into familiar English, -and our present spelling; and shall only quote a -few of the Leading Articles, touching on specially -interesting topics, out of the twenty-five which the -vast newspaper publishes as its daily contribution.</p> - -<p class='c006'>The arrangement of the <cite>Age of Science</cite> is a little -different from and more logical than that of our journals. -The first page is rationally devoted to <span class='sc'>Telegraphic -Intelligence</span>, which everyone may be supposed -<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>to desire first to read. Instead of political news, -however, or records of battles, deaths of eminent -personages, floods, storms, or fires, these telegrams -consist exclusively of minute verbatim reports of the -proceedings of above ninety Scientific Congresses, -which seem to be taking place at the same time in -Europe, Asia, America, Australia, and even in one -instance (a Geographical Meeting) in Africa, on the -shore of Lake Albert Nyanza. The various sections -of the British Association have been obviously long -broken up, and again divided and subdivided till -separate congresses have been found desirable for -each department.</p> - -<p class='c006'>It would occupy more space than the whole of -this volume to offer even the briefest condensation -of these Reports, as the discussions and papers of -the learned members of the different congresses are -carried on chiefly in terms quite unintelligible to us, -and refer to scientific disputes to which we do not -possess a clue. We must pass over these columns of -the <cite>Age of Science</cite>, and proceed to the next department, -which is a Report of the <span class='sc'>Assembly of Convocation</span>—a -topic which we were surprised to find -possessed such prominent interest, till we discovered -that the Convocation of 1977 will consist exclusively -of Medical men. The Upper House seems to be -<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>formed of Physicians and Surgeons who have -obtained titles of Nobility, and take rank according -to the dioceses over which they exercise medical -supervision, and the Lower House to be a representative -body elected by medical graduates throughout -the kingdom.</p> - -<p class='c006'>The meetings for the Province of Canterbury take -place respectively in Henry the Seventh’s Chapel, -and in the nave of Westminster Abbey; Jerusalem -Chamber and the Board Room of the Bounty Office -having probably proved inconveniently small, and -the whole Abbey (as we learn accidentally from a -paragraph in another part of the paper) having been -“set aside, since the Dissolution of the Churches, -for the use of the Medical Profession, and for anatomical -and physiological lectures and craniological -researches, for which latter purpose the vaults beneath -offer peculiarly interesting specimens.”</p> - -<p class='c006'>The Report runs as follows:—</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='large'><em>PROVINCE OF CANTERBURY.</em></span></div> - <div class='c008'>UPPER HOUSE.</div> - <div class='c008'><span class='sc'>Session ccxli.</span>—Monday, January 1st, 1977.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>The House assembled at eleven o’clock in Henry VII.’s -Chapel, pursuant to the order of prorogation. His -Grace the Lord Archphysician of Canterbury presided. -There were also present the Right Rev. Lord Doctors of -Winchester, London, Oxford, Ely, Salisbury, Exeter, -Lincoln, and Peterborough. After the presentation of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>sixty-four Petitions, a Report was received from the -Venerable Congregation of the Index, which was approved -and ordered to lie on the table. Among the works whose -perusal will henceforth be prohibited to the laity will be -found all Medical Guides and Treatises on Domestic -Medicine, Household Surgery, and the like, which have -pretended to direct the multitude how to cure or prevent -disease without the aid of a physician. As the -Lord Doctor of Lincoln judiciously observed, “the -heresy involved was precisely analogous to that of the old -religious sect of Protestants, who taught the ignorant -laity that they might save their souls without applying -to a priest. Doctors,” his lordship added, “were the -appointed Ministers of the Body, and the man who -imagined his health could be saved without them would -find out his error when it was too late.”</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>LOWER HOUSE.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>The Doctors, Archdoctors, and Pro-Apothecaries constituting -the Lower House of Convocation assembled in -the Nave of Westminster Abbey at 11 o’clock. The -Very Eminent Cyrup Camomile, M.D., Archdoctor of -Cheltenham, Prolocutor, presided.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The Prolocutor having bowed to the busts of Hippocrates, -Galen, and Harvey (a ceremony which has been -substituted for the old form of prayers), præconization -was taken by the actuary of the names of members; -assessors were appointed, and a multitude of petitions -presented. The Schedules of Gravamina and Reformanda -were then called for. Among the former the -most important (which was sent up at once to the Upper -House as an <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Articulus Medici</span></i>) was the gravamen of the -Archapothecary of Sarum, which set forth that, contrary -the interests of the profession and ordinary usage, a -Coroner had been recently elected for the county of -Dorset who was not a Medical Man. Another gravamen -referred to the inadequacy of the fees to be legally -claimed by Doctors for granting Certificates of Birth, -Vaccination, Equination, Porcination, Sanitary Fitness for -Factory or other labours, Fitness for Marriage, and, finally, -the most important Certificates of having died under -<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>due Medical care and supervision, and being consequently -admissible for Cremation.</p> - -<p class='c009'>Members were then called upon to give notice of -motions, and discussions followed on those of Sir William -Puffin—</p> - -<p class='c009'>That Convocation should remonstrate with Her -Majesty’s Ministers for the laxity wherewith the laws -relating to Medical Heretics are enforced.</p> - -<p class='c009'>Of Sir Andrew Scrivener—</p> - -<p class='c009'>That Convocation should desire Her Majesty’s Secretary -of State for Home Affairs to introduce immediately -into Parliament a Bill prohibiting Dinner Parties, exceeding -seven persons in number, to be held without -the presence of a qualified Physician or Surgeon.</p> - -<p class='c009'>Of Dr. Aqua Fortis—</p> - -<p class='c009'>That a Bill should be likewise required, compelling -Railway and Steamboat Companies to employ, at suitable -salaries, a staff of properly qualified Surgeons, one of -whom at least should travel by every train and on every -steamboat.</p> - -<p class='c009'>And of Dr. Scurvydrop—</p> - -<p class='c009'>That a Deputation from Convocation should wait on -the Lords of the Admiralty to remonstrate on the subordinate -position allotted to Surgeons on board Her -Majesty’s Ships, and to demand that the Medical Officer -should at all times (except when the immediate conduct -of the ship is in question) takes precedence of the Captain -as Commander.</p> - -<p class='c009'>A similar motion was made by Dr. Turniquet for a -deputation to the Horse Guards on behalf of the Army -Surgeons, and was, like all the preceding motions, adopted -unanimously.</p> - -<p class='c006'>The Report concludes with the observation—</p> - -<p class='c009'>As Parliament does not meet for another week, there -must be a delay of a few days before the recommendations -of Convocation are carried into effect, but it is unnecessary -to remark that they will be adopted unchallenged -by the Legislature. Since the solemn Protest, carried by -the 50,000 doctors, who marched down Whitehall in procession, -“against the Interference of the Secular Power -<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>in Things Medical,” no Minister of the Crown, much less -any private member, has attempted to move an Amendment -to any of the numerous Bills presented by the -profession.</p> - -<p class='c006'>After the Report of Convocation, the <cite>Age of -Science</cite> contains one column of <span class='sc'>Stocks and Shares</span>, -not possessing any special interest for readers of -the present day, but appearing to prove, strangely -enough, that investments are much fewer than in our -time, and cannot be made in any Foreign securities. -After these, in lieu both of <span class='sc'>Naval and Military -Intelligence</span>, and of the <span class='sc'>Church</span>, five columns are -devoted to <span class='sc'>Medical Appointments and Promotions</span>, -and to a considerable correspondence on the proposed -endowment of two new Physicianships (with seats -in the House of Lords) at St. Albans and Truro. -After all these we find twenty columns devoted to -<span class='sc'>Latest Intelligence</span>, in short paragraphs, of which -we cull a few of the most interesting.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>OCCASIONAL NOTES.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>The magnificent Joss House now in process of -erection by the Chinese of London forms a striking -ornament to Regent Street, standing as it does -on the site of the old deserted Langham Chapel. -It will, we imagine, be the only place dedicated -to religious purposes which has been built during -the last twenty years in the metropolis, and -almost the only one in actual use. Although we -<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>cannot, of course, ourselves, as a Scientific nation, -formally join in the worship of Buddha, we must -all regard with sympathy and satisfaction the -honours paid to that great Teacher by the very -important section of our community, the Chinese -day labourers and domestic servants, of whom it -is said more than half a million have contributed -to the erection and adornment of this Temple. -Considering the impossibility of inducing Englishmen -to undertake in these days the lower kinds -of work, we should come altogether to a standstill -were it not for the tens of thousands of industrious -Chinese who have replenished our labour market. -The statue of Buddha is a noble work of modern -sculpture by Mr. Merino. The traditional pose -of the crossed legs is slightly altered to bring -them within the rules of scientific anatomy, and -the Sage is obviously pondering those profound -lessons of Pessimism (that it is a bad world we -live in, and that we need not expect a better) -which have justly secured for him the reverence of -cultivated Europe.</p> - -<hr class='c010' /> - -<p class='c009'>An accident of the ordinary sort occurred last -night to the new Magnetic train, which was at -the moment passing under the Channel, about 10 -miles from Dover. From messages sent by the -portable electric machine along the wires the -moment before the catastrophe took place, it -would appear that the engineers have been again -at fault in the construction of the roof of the -tunnel, and that the sea was rushing in with such -violence that little hopes were entertained of bringing -<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>the train to the next watertight compartment. -The result justified these fears, for the whole -compartment of the tunnel in which the train was -stopped is to-day entirely full of water, and it -must be assumed that the unfortunate passengers—numbering, -it is supposed, about 800—have -been drowned like so many rats in a trap. The -accident is unfortunate for the proprietors of -Submarine Tunnel Stock, and also for several -Insurance Companies, as extensive repairs will be -required; but Science teaches us to regard these -occurrences with composure, as serving to check -the increase of a superabundant population.</p> - -<hr class='c010' /> - -<p class='c009'>The Simian Educational Institute (on Frobel’s -system), for members of the Ape family, -continues to attract the strongest interest. In -testing the educability of the Simian tribe we are -solving one of the most important problems of -Science, and hitherto everything seems to promise -the triumphant success of the experiment. There -are now among the pupils at the Institute three -Chimpanzees, whose grandfathers and grandmothers -have all been well-educated monkeys; so -that the set of the brain of these young people is -already marked towards progress and civilization. -It is needless to observe that all the students are -required to wash and dress themselves every -morning in the becoming male and female habiliments -provided by the taste of the Governors of -the Institute. Great pains are also taken with -their manners at meal times, and, to avoid temptation, -nuts are not admitted at dessert. One of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>young gentlemen (Joseph Macacus Silenus, Esq., -generally known by his intimates as “Joe”) is said -to exhibit extraordinary talents, and to be able to -answer any question in elementary science by means -of an alphabet and a system of knocks, which (in -view of the yet unconquerable speechlessness of -monkeys) has been accepted as the best substitute -for language, having been formerly invented by an -ingenious race of impostors named Mediums, who -flourished in the obscurity of the Victorian age. -The plan adopted in France, in deference to the -advice of the great French naturalist, M. Houzeau, -to employ the anthropoid apes as domestic servants, -has proved, we are informed, altogether -successful in several families. Madame Le Singe, -a fine specimen of the Gorilla tribe, has acted for -some months as confidential Nurse in the family -of a distinguished Member of the Institute (M. -Gobemouche), and is said to maintain discipline -among her charges excellently well. It is an -instructive spectacle to see Madame Le Singe -walking on a fine day with the children, and -pushing a perambulator in the Gardens of the -Tuileries. The more ordinary employment found, -however, for domestic Apes is that of cooks, when -it is observed they occasionally call in the services -of the household cat to assist them as kitchenmaid, -especially when roast chestnuts form part of the -entertainment.</p> - -<hr class='c010' /> - -<p class='c009'>The cheerful ceremony of opening the new -“Incineration Hall” was performed an hour ago -in Manchester by the Lord Doctor of Manchester, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>attended by the Mayor. It is a magnificent building, -with a furnace capable of reducing 12 bodies -at a time to ashes, which, after a certain period, -will be used in the manufacture of water-filters for -the drinking-fountains of the town. It is specially -fortunate that the Hall can be employed at once, -since the number of persons despatched by Euthanasia -has been so great during the past week -all over the country that the other Cremation -establishments have proved inadequate to dispose -of the corpses with sufficient rapidity.</p> - -<hr class='c010' /> - -<p class='c009'>An important addition has been made to that -instructive place of public amusement, the Zoological -Gardens in Regent’s Park. The ground -formerly occupied by a great Dissenting College -(long in ruins) has been devoted to a department -destined to contain those species of animals which -are rapidly dying out in Europe, and which, if not -thus carefully preserved, must soon be lost altogether -to Zoological science. Among these are -the Ass, the Fox, the Dog, the Hare, the Pheasant, -and Partridge. In this age of Science it is, of -course, impossible to go on employing a creature -like the Donkey, proverbial for its intellectual -deficiency, and we have no regret that only two -pair of animals of the species (both in the Regent’s -Park collection) now survive in England, though -a few are said to linger in Egypt. Connected with -the dog (<em>Canis Familiaris</em>) there are so many -traditional records of sagacity, having a certain -scientific interest in connection with the form and -size of its brain, that we should have been glad if -<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>a more complete collection of the varieties could -have been preserved. The Foxhound, however, -the Greyhound, Setter, and Pointer, seem all to -have become extinct within about thirty years of -the repeal of the Game Laws and the consequent -cessation of held sports; and several of the -more favoured kinds of dogs—Italian Greyhounds, -Toy Terriers, Pomeranians, and Poodles—were, it -is said, privately destroyed by hundreds by their -owners, who disgracefully sought to withdraw -them from the researches of physiologists. The -remaining kinds have been perhaps rather recklessly -used by vivisectors, whose ardour in the -noble cause of science has caused them to experiment, -on an average, on about 14,000 dogs apiece -(an example originally set by the sainted Maurizio -Schiff), and the result has been that we only find -at present twelve animals surviving, of whom nine -belong to the class Mongrel. One noble old Newfoundland, -who would have greatly graced the -collection, was, it is said, drowned by his owner -last year under interesting circumstances. The -dog was much devoted to his master (a celebrated -physiologist), and especially to his boy, a child of -six years old. One day the little fellow fell out -of a boat, and sank for the last time, when the -dog arrived, and with immense difficulty (the water -being very deep and stormy) dived for him and -brought him safe to shore. The animal itself was -so nearly exhausted that its stertorous breathing -and other symptoms suggested to the physiologist -the scientific interest which would attach to watching -it slowly drowning in a suitable vessel, where -all the conditions of that death could be accurately -investigated on so large a scale as that of a full -<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>sized dog. The learned gentleman accordingly, -in obedience to these fine and fleeting suggestions -of the intellect, drowned the animal in a tub in -his physiological laboratory as soon as his son was -sufficiently recovered to witness the instructive -and entertaining spectacle. The dog, when withdrawn -half dead for a moment from the water, -having attempted to lick the boy’s face, the child -was weak enough to implore his father to spare it; -but the learned gentleman of course pointed out -to the boy the folly of such a request, and the -experiment was completed. We trust to see this -young gentleman hereafter as sound and eminent -a physiologist as his distinguished father.</p> - -<p class='c006'>After some five columns more of similar <em>Intelligence</em>, -the <cite>Age of Science</cite> proceeds to give its readers -a few Reviews of Books. The brevity of the remarks -vouchsafed to these productions seems to -indicate that no great importance is attached to -Literature properly so called, but only to treatises -on Physical Science.</p> - -<p class='c006'>The Notices run as follow:—</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>REVIEWS.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>We do not usually in the <cite>Age of Science</cite> intrude -on the province of the sixteen leading daily Scientific -Newspapers devoted to critical notices of the -books which pour from the press on Electrology, -Physiology, Astronomy, Geology, &c. We are -tempted to depart from our rule, however, so far as to -offer our meed of applause and congratulation on the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>publication of the last of the six splendid volumes -forming the magnificent monograph on <span class='sc'>Cheese-mites</span>, -and the still more costly and exhaustive -treatise on the great mystery of the <span class='sc'>Formation -of Dust in Disused Apartments. The Analysis -of the Dust Bin</span>, which constitutes Book VIII. -of this noble work, is a triumph of scientific investigation -and (to employ an obviously appropriate -term) of industry. In the inferior non-scientific -walks of Literature we find that no Histories have -been published during the last twelvemonth, and -only one <em>Historical Essay</em>, namely:—</p> - -<p class='c009'><cite>The Fall of the Church of England.</cite> By the -late (and last) Dean of Westminster. The author -of this book composed it, we are informed, during -his retirement in the Isle of Anglesea, whither, -like most of the clergy, and the Druids in former -ages, he retreated after the great victory gained by -Science, when the Cathedrals and Churches were -made over by Parliament to the Medical Profession. -The Dean traces the fall of the Anglican Establishment -to the disrepute into which it had sunk in -consequence of the folly of a party in the Church, -who, in an age of doubt and transition, when religion -needed to be presented in its most spiritual -shape, made it appear by their practices a matter -of rites and forms altogether childish. It is quite -possible that these idle doings may have contributed -to make sensible men impatient and contemptuous, -but we are persuaded that the abolition -of the Churches was due to a deeper and more -widespread cause, namely, the growth of that sound -philosophy which recognises Matter as containing -itself the germ and potency of every form of life, -and, of course, dismisses the dream of a Soul in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>man, which might enjoy existence after death. As -soon as this great truth had had time to penetrate -the minds of the masses, the collapse of Religion -obviously became imminent. The sole attention -and hopes of all classes have since been confined -to the preservation of health and the extension of -life to the utmost term of old age. That we have -<em>bodies</em>, nobody can for a moment question, and we -properly recognise as our guides and masters the -Doctors who remedy their diseases. We have -satisfied ourselves that we have no <em>Souls</em>, and it -would be truly absurd to expect of us to maintain -an order of clergy to undertake their “cure.” -The endowments originally devoted to the latter -profession have been naturally and fitly transferred -to the former.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>POETRY.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'><cite>The Loves of the Triangles.</cite> Reprinted from the -<cite>Anti-Jacobin</cite>. We rejoice to see the merits of this -Poem recognised at last, and the stupid idea of some -dull critics that it was intended as a travesty exploded -in this graver age. With the exception of the -<cite>De Rerum Natura</cite> of Lucretius, and of Darwin’s -<cite>Botanic Garden</cite>, it is almost the only poem bequeathed -to us by the past worthy of retaining a -place in our libraries.</p> - -<p class='c009'><cite>The Gout, and other Poems.</cite> By the Poet -Laureate. We warmly commend this beautiful -and affecting volume, especially to our youthful -readers. The accuracy wherewith the peculiarly -poignant pangs of Arthritis are delineated is beyond -praise. We should, however, recommend -the omission of the episode of the patient’s marriage -<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>to his shampooer. It is a tribute to that -false taste which requires Poetry to deal with -Romance instead of with the facts of Science.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>FICTION.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'><cite>The Precession of the Equinox, and other Tales.</cite> -By Wilkinson Collinson, Esq. This is a highly -sensational story, and will sell like wildfire at the -bookstalls. The interest of the plot turns on the -phenomenon in question, but embraces subsidiary -problems respecting the sun’s path through the -Zodiac.</p> - -<p class='c009'><cite>Daniel Allround.</cite> By George Evans. The -chief attraction of this book lies in the abstruse -technical terminology which the author has employed -to illustrate profound observations of men -and things. From this point of view the work has -a certain scientific value, but too much space is -lost by delineations of characters without tracing -them to the laws of Heredity.</p> - -<p class='c009'><cite>Edwin and Angelina.</cite> By J. Fitzparnell. -Taking for his guidance the observation of the -immortal Bain, that the Tender Emotions are -exclusively Glandular Affections, the author of this -charming novel has afforded his readers a perfect -study of the effects of each of the passions—Pity, -Sympathy, Regret, Disappointment, Hope, and -Love—on the various glands which they respectively -affect. A simple love story naturally describes -each emotion in its turn, and allows us -to pause and acquaint ourselves with its physiological -results. The lucid explanation of the -physiological reasons why Mothers love their -children is particularly valuable, as calculated to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>explode the last stronghold of the superstitious -reverence which was once paid to parents among -semi-civilized nations.</p> - -<p class='c006'>After these critical Notices of Books, the <cite>Age of -Science</cite> proceeds to offer the following remarks on -Art and the Drama:—</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS.</em></div> - <div class='c008'><span class='sc'>First Notice.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>To-day being the first of the New Year, this Exhibition -was as usual opened to the public, and we think all true -lovers of Art will agree that it is a most satisfactory one, -and displays more than the usual average merit of our -Exhibitions, whether we consider the aggregate number of -important works, their size, their execution, or the noble -prices they have realised to their authors; such prices -having been, according to the lately adopted custom, -published in the catalogues issued after the day of the -Private View, when connoisseurs have made their selection -of the works not previously disposed of in the -<i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">ateliers</span></i> of the artists. This (which is, after all, the true -test of success) greatly enhances the interest of these -catalogues, affording a guide as to the degree of public -favour in which the respective artists are held. Reform -in the Academy itself, so long demanded, has been at -last effected, in spite of all the obstacles thrown in the -way of the reformers, who desired to break down the -monopoly so long maintained by the painters and sculptors, -who would only consent to the admission of a limited -number of architects and engravers into their privileged -body. Now, at last, the claims of all artists have been -recognised, and Decorators, Carpet-designers, Metalworkers -and Electrotypers, Wood Carvers, &c. &c., have -been admitted within its walls, and the magic letters R.A. -may frequently be found attached to the names of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>leading members of many of our manufacturing firms. In -fact, we may say that Painting and Sculpture have found -their level, and now that the great canon of Art has -been thoroughly established, and it is acknowledged that -<em>Utility</em>, not <em>Beauty</em>, is its only legitimate aim, and Scientific -Reality and Accuracy, not wild attempts at attaining -a so-called Ideality, its true goal of perfection, the -merits of these too-long unrecognised geniuses have been -found to surpass all others. The mechanical helps with -which Science has supplied us have rendered it possible -to accomplish feats of which our ancestors had no idea. -Photography has enabled us to reproduce all possible -forms, thus securing, with great economy of labour, the -facile execution of stupendous works adapted for the -decoration of the outside as well as the inside of our -buildings. In this Exhibition, of course, these gigantic -works cannot be seen, but the smaller ones by the -same artists give us good specimens of their power. -No. 3,004, for instance, is well worthy the attention of -visitors. It is intended, as the catalogue informs us, for -the wall decoration of the Terminus of the Great Central -Balloon Station, and gives a very wonderfully correct representation -of the three Provinces into which London is -now divided, as seen from the distance of six miles above -the height of St. Paul’s. Every roof and chimney is -accurately represented, and every feature of the smallest -interest, on the scale of an inch to a mile. Portrait-painting -may be said to have been entirely superseded -now that the Sun has been compelled to add colour to -form in the pictures taken by the photographic camera, -and Landscape Art has died out in its old inaccurate -fanciful sense, having been succeeded by a more scientific -method of representing Nature as she really is. The -geological formation of every mountain, the physiology -of each tree and blade of grass, as determined by -expert geologists and botanists, will alone satisfy us in -this age of science, and we demand this accuracy from -all who pretend to record the aspect of our country. We -find all these requirements met in the works of the distinguished -landscape painter of No. 60,072, “View of -the Great Smelting Works,” in the iron district, lately -discovered in the North of Scotland. We venture to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>affirm that none but a thoroughly educated man of -science could have painted the details of this picture, and -we cannot bestow higher praise. The “Interior of the -Factory,” No. 20,621, is also a work deserving of much -commendation for the minuteness of its detail, which -must be examined with a strong magnifier to be -thoroughly enjoyed—the complicated arrangement of the -machinery escaping the naked eye; also the texture -of the materials which are being manufactured into -webs of the most gossamer-like lightness from heaps -of rough coarse yarns and woollen threads. The faces -of the operatives are exquisitely rendered, and you -seem to hear the noise of the wheels and cranks.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The Sculpture Gallery is perhaps less attractive to the -general public than are the pictures; still it contains -some interesting works, and the tailors and milliners -who were consulted by the art critics as to the details -of the costumes of the portrait statues, gave their opinion -that very few errors had been committed this year, thanks -to the advice tendered by them at sundry lectures delivered -on the subject last summer. Our statesmen and -benefactors are no longer represented in dress, or undress, -in which they were never beheld, but in the exact apparel -which they actually wore; and future ages will be -afforded a correct idea not only of their features, but of -any bodily defects they may have laboured to conceal. -Thus an archæological and historical interest will attach -to these effigies, and truth will be upheld. Science has -done much for this art also. Mechanical means have -assisted this accuracy of representation—notably in the -application of metal, which can now be applied to the -dress, &c., where great elaboration of detail is required, so -as to admit, for example, of stamping out patterns in lace -ruffles, and imitating the very texture of the materials, -while the resemblance to marble is perfect. Especially -useful is this invention for the application of colour; and -we defy anyone to detect the difference of substance -without the closest observation, such as a skilful workman -alone could bestow. The advantages offered by this -discovery are obvious in the case of veiled statues, so -much admired by the British public. (See Nos. 720 to -1,293.) We cannot bestow too much praise on the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>exquisite polish of surface and delicacy of the workmanship -of many of these works, notably in the feathers -of the bird’s wing in No. 2,320, “A Chinese Scullion -plucking a Goose.” Compare this with the rude and -uncouth attempts of the ancient Greeks to idealize the -naked human form!</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>THEATRES.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>At this season in former times, when boys were -foolishly allowed to leave school for the holidays, the -theatres (as some of us are old enough to remember) -were much frequented, and were principally used for a -silly kind of entertainment called Pantomimes. Of -the three theatres in London which still continue to -be devoted to some sort of dramatic performance, and -have not been transferred into Lecture Halls, one only -(the <em>Gaiety</em>) seems successful this winter. Crowds -attend every night to witness “School,” a piece in -which there is no folly of love-making, but the anxieties -of a Competitive Examination for Honours in Science -are finely realised. A tragic interest is imparted to the -plot by making the hero become insane just as he has -achieved the object of his ambition. At the <em>Haymarket</em> -there has been a failure which we fear will result in -the ruin of the lessee. This enterprising gentleman -imagined it might be possible to revive in these days an -interest in some of the old plays once popular in this -country, and after (it appears) long consultation and deliberation, -determined to bring the <cite>Merchant of Venice</cite> -upon the boards. It was hoped that the proposal of one -of the characters of the piece, named Shylock, to cut a -pound of flesh from another, and the discussion whether -this could be done without the effusion of blood, would -excite the interest of the spectators. Unfortunately, as -the author of the drama (Shakespeare, we are informed) -stops short at the very crisis of the physiological experiment, -and allows the intended subject to escape, the -audience not unnaturally have exhibited disappointment, -and the piece has been pronounced a failure.</p> - -<p class='c009'>At the St. James’s Theatre the manager has likewise -made a mistake in reviving Moliere’s <cite><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Malade Imaginaire</span></cite>. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>We see no humour in this, so-called, comedy. Where is -the point, for example, of the supposed jest of making the -young medical student, <em>Thomas Diafoirus</em>, present his -lady-love with a ticket of admission to a dissection? The -act was a natural and delicate attention.</p> - -<p class='c006'>The next department of the <cite>Age of Science</cite> is -very short as usual.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>COURT.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>Her Most Gracious Majesty, accompanied by the -Princess Urania, and attended by Dr. Brown and Dr. -Robinson, Lords Physicians in Waiting, honoured Dr. -Scalpel’s studio by a visit, during which Dr. Scalpel -exhibited to the youthful Princess several beautiful -preparations of various cutaneous diseases, and of the -morbid anatomy of Lupus and Elephantiasis.</p> - -<p class='c009'>Sir R. Atmosphere, Astronomer Royal, Sir A. -Diggory, Geologist in Ordinary to her Majesty, and the -eminent Chemist, Herr Von Pestle-Mortar, had the -honour of dining with the Queen at Windsor Castle -at 10 <span class='fss'>P.M.</span> The Lord Doctor of Winchester, Her -Majesty’s Medical Confessor, said the new Grace -(“May good digestion wait on appetite”) at the commencement -of the repast, and the Band, with chorus of -male and female voices, performed at the conclusion the -Hymn, “Oh, take thy pill,—Oh, take thy pill,—Oh, -take thy pilgrim home.”</p> - -<p class='c006'>In examining the journals of a foreign country, -the intelligent reader will generally be able to gather -some insight into the habits of the natives by passing -his eye down the columns of advertisements and -noting the class of objects presented for sale. In -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>the <cite>Age of Science</cite> there are no less than fifty -the vast pages we have described devoted to announcements -and puffs of the most astonishing -variety, including hundreds of articles whose names -and uses are at present quite unknown. Of advertisements -of servants and other persons requiring -employment we have not found a single instance, -but there were at least twenty columns of invitations -to “Ladies and Gentlemen” to be so kind as to -act for the advertiser in the capacity of housekeeper, -steward, superintendent of the house, or -some equally well-sounding office, the remuneration -offered being at the lowest, it would seem, about -£200 a year, with “the use of a steam carriage,” -and “every other luxury desired.”</p> - -<p class='c006'>We must, however, leave the columns of <span class='sc'>Advertisements</span> -for future examination, and proceed to -give an account of the more important <span class='sc'>Law and -Police Reports</span>, which form, perhaps, the most surprising -part of the <cite>Age of Science</cite>. It would appear -that it had become necessary to hold assizes in at -least twenty towns and villages in every county; -and that the judges were incessantly occupied -with cases of robbery, garrotting, arson, rape, stabbing, -poisoning, and (strange to remark) a number -of offences with new names, of whose nature we can -<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>merely guess, but which appear to involve mortal -injury to the victim. The words employed, such as -“Debarrassing,” “Morbifying,” “Disbraining,” -“Petroleumization,” “Electroding,” “Mesmeraciding,” -&c., seem to have become so common as to need -no definition, and to have taken their place in the -statute book. For all these crimes the same class -of penalties are allotted; the convicted persons are -invariably sentenced by the presiding judge to so -many weeks’ or months’ detention—not in prison, -but in the Penal Hospitals of their respective towns -or villages. The principle on which crime is thus -visited appears from the addresses of several of the -magistrates, who remark that the “diseased minds” -exhibited by the robbers and murderers “obviously -require careful medical treatment,” and that they -trust that the eminent Physicians and Surgeons to -whom the prisoners are consigned will not fail to -complete their cure. In numerous cases, as the -offenders have been sentenced many times previously, -the judge speaks of their crime as exhibiting “an -intermittent fever” of homicidal rage, or of covetousness. -Remarks are also always made by the reporters -as to the “abnormal cerebral development” -or “morbid symptoms” exhibited by the criminals, -and the tone assumed in speaking of them (even in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>cases of what we should term the most cruel and -brutal murders) is invariably one of scientific study -and calm philosophic analysis.</p> - -<p class='c006'>A very different method of treatment, however, is -adopted towards another class of offenders, whom it -would appear the authorities in the <cite>Age of Science</cite> -are determined to put down in grim earnest. That -our readers may not suppose we mistake the sense of -the amazing paragraphs in which these new features -of English legislation appear, we quote them as they -stand in the <cite>Age of Science</cite>, pp. 63 and 64.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>POLICE.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>At the Mansion House this morning, 79 men and -140 women were summoned for the non-attendance -of their boys under two years old at the Public Infants’ -Science Classes in the new Kinder Garten in the Tower. -Various pleas were, as usual, put forth by the defendants, -purporting to prove in some cases that the children were -ill with small-pox and scarlet fever, and in several -instances that they were dying or dead. Mr. Alderman -Busby remarked that “if they were to listen to such -pleas, children would grow up to three or four years -old without learning even the rudiments of astronomy -or palæontology.” He ordered all the fathers to be -publicly flogged, and the mothers to receive each a -dozen stripes of the birch privately, in the State -Whipping House, and to stand on benches for three -days in the nearest Elementary School during school -hours.</p> - -<p class='c009'>[Similar judgments are recorded at Westminster, -Worship Street, Clerkenwell, and several other police-courts -in London and the provincial towns.]</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>MIDDLESEX SESSIONS.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>The Duke and Duchess of Broadacres, the Marquis of -Carabas, Lady Clara Vere de Vere, and the Lady Adeline -Amundeville were brought up (in chains) to receive -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>sentence on the charges (fully proved against them last -week) of having deceived the Officers of Domestic -Inspection respecting their own and their children’s -Canination and Porcination. It was shown that all the -defendants had been Vaccinated according to law four -times during the last twelvemonth, and Equinated twice -during the late prevalence of glanders, but though -Rabies and the Measles were both known to be raging -in London, they had not only neglected to present -themselves and their children at the Canine and Porcine -Stations in Queen’s Gate, but had deceived the Inspectors -as above stated by exhibiting the former scars -for the latter. Being unable to produce any medical -certificate showing that they had obeyed the law, and -having been found “guilty” by a special jury (containing, -of course, the legal proportion—three-fourths—of -Medical graduates), all five prisoners were sentenced by -Mr. Justice Draco to the extreme penalty of the law. -They will be vivisected for the instruction of the students -at the magnificent new School of Physiology in Carlton -Gardens, as soon after the opening of the session as may -be convenient. Some sympathy was expressed in court -for the Duke of Broadacres, who, being an elderly nobleman -in feeble health, seems to have feared superstitiously -the processes (unknown in his youth) of using, -for the purpose of inoculations, the saliva from mad dogs, -as a preventive of hydrophobia, on the principle of “a -hair of the dog which has bitten you.” The expression -of misplaced public commiseration was instantly checked -by the learned Judge, and the prisoners were removed, -exhibiting many signs of trepidation. Lady Clara Vere -de Vere implored that she might be even Ratified sooner -than given over to the students, but her request was, of -course, sternly refused. It is indeed specially fortunate -that so sensitive a subject as this young and delicate-looking -lady is likely to prove should fall, in course of -law, under physiological investigation at the moment -when the exquisite experiments of Dr. Blacksmith on -the Nervous System are in course of exposition.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Even these startling announcements, however, -are less surprising than the following:—</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><em>SANITARY OFFICE.</em></div> - <div class='c008'>Dec. 25, 1977.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>The proceedings of this most high and solemn -Court in the Realm were, as usual, held with -<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>closed doors. There were present five Lord -Doctors, and sentences were passed, after due deliberation, -and (it is rumoured) the application of -the Question, ordinary and extraordinary, on nine -obstinate heretics. Three of these were members -of that fanatical sect, the Peculiar People, who -refuse to consult physicians on the ground of -religious scruples—an instance of the survival -of outworn superstitions scarcely credible in this -enlightened <cite>Age of Science</cite>. One of these miserable -delinquents, named John Nokes, alleged that -his twelve children had enjoyed unbroken health -till his youngest little boy cut his finger. The -wretched father, instead of hurrying instantly for -the nearest surgeon, himself dressed the child’s -wound (which appears to have been superficial) with -adhesive plaster, and gave the child a fragment -of toffee to stop his crying, in lieu of the proper -therapeutic remedies for the shock to the nervous -system which any medical attendant would have -exhibited. The crime came fortunately to the -knowledge of the police, who immediately brought -the matter before the Sanitary Office. A second -offender of the same sect, named Styles, had, it -seems, an attack of Podagra, but took no advice, -and having rather quickly recovered, was in hopes -(it is supposed) that his neglect to obey the law -would pass undiscovered. A crutch seen in his -room raised the suspicion of a visitor, and the -offender was eventually arrested. When interrogated -by the Lord Presiding Doctor of the Sanitary -Court as to the motives of his crime, the man -(as his sentence sets forth) actually dared to reply -by quoting a passage from an obsolete book, -wherein it is narrated of a certain King, “Now Asa -<span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>was diseased in his feet, yet in his disease he -sought not to the Lord, but to the physicians. And -Asa slept with his fathers.”<a id='r1' /><a href='#f1' class='c011'><sup>[1]</sup></a> This narrative, as -Styles had the audacity to argue, was an authentic, -and, indeed, inspired report of a fit of the gout—its -diagnosis, treatment, and the result. As he did -not desire to “sleep with his fathers,” he (Styles) -had avoided consulting the physicians, and had -endeavoured to consult the Lord by following the -dictates of common sense, and the consequence was -that he had recovered with unusual rapidity. The -Lord President was moved to great indignation by -the obduracy of this heretic. He remarked that -the book which contained such a passage—a -volume which, he was happy to say, he had, for -his part, never read—ought to be burnt before the -doors of the London University; and as to the -prisoner Styles, it would be useless for him to hope -to escape sharing in the same combustion.</p> - -<div class='footnote' id='f1'> -<p class='c009'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. 2 Chron. xvi. 12.</p> -</div> - -<p class='c009'>After the Peculiar People, two Homœopaths were -found guilty—one of administering globules to an -old woman, the other of refusing to join in the -processions on the 5th of November, when the -busts of Hahnemann are carried to be calcined. -The remaining four heretics avowed belief in as -many different heinous errors. One gave credit -to <span class='sc'>Michel’s</span> process for the cure of external -cancer, another thought new-born infants ought -not to be dosed with castor oil; a third placed confidence -in bone-setters, and the fourth (a very -old lady) retained an infatuated preference for -the remedies which were in vogue a century ago—bromide -of potassium and chloral—which, of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>course, have been since peremptorily condemned -and pronounced highly injurious by the supreme -authority of the Faculty.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The aforesaid nine heretics, having been solemnly -found “guilty,” after due inquisition by -the High Sanitary Office, were condemned as contumacious -by the Lord Presiding Doctor, and the -Most Eminent Doctors Pole, Gardiner, and -Bonner, and were delivered over last night to the -Secular Arm. Piles are in process of erection -in Trafalgar Square. It is announced that Her -Gracious Majesty Queen Mary III. will preside -at the execution, which will take place on Sunday -morning next, after hearing a Lecture on “True -Medical Belief,” to be delivered by Her Majesty’s -Medical Confessor in Ordinary, Dr. Torr Quemada, -under the dome of St. Paul’s.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Such is a brief abstract of these most astounding -<em>Law and Police Reports</em> in the <cite>Age of Science</cite>. We -make no comments upon them, except the expression -of our wonder at the similarity between the office -and behaviour of a Priest of Religion in the fifteenth -century and a Priest of Science in the twentieth. -With complete citations of four out of the twenty-five -Leading Articles of the <cite>Age of Science</cite>, we must -conclude this imperfect but thoroughly reliable -account of the remarkable journal of 1977, whose -discovery has been the glorious first-fruits of the -<span class='sc'>Prospective Telegraph</span>.</p> - -<p class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>Since the epoch, now nearly forty years past, -when <span class='sc'>Smith</span> made his immortal discovery of the -Army Exterminator, followed up so rapidly by -<span class='sc'>Jones’</span> invention of the Fleet Annihilator, -international policy has necessarily undergone a -great modification. As war has become impossible -as an <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">ultima ratio</span></i> in any case, and the principle of -Arbitration, on which such hopes were founded, has -proved ineffective, in consequence of the general -refusal of the working classes to permit their -governments to pay the <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">amendes</span></i> agreed upon -by the Arbitrators, a permanent state of discord -between nations seems to have become established. -The dream of Free Trade having also been exploded, -following the example of the American Empire, -at that time a Republic, (prohibitive duties having -been placed by the different States on their own exports -and the imports of other countries,) commerce -is undoubtedly, just now, considerably hampered. -The immense facilities for travelling which we -possess, thanks to the æro-magnetic propeller, have -also their disadvantages, since the abandonment of -extradition treaties allows the criminals of each -country to take refuge immediately in the neighbouring -State, when they happen to entertain any -serious objection to detention in the Penal Hospitals. -For all these drawbacks to our progress, -however, <span class='sc'>Science</span> will no doubt soon provide an -efficient remedy.</p> - -<p class='c009'>We are on the high-road, it cannot be doubted, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>to a period of prosperity and universal longevity -(after all, the main object of all rational ambition) -such as the world has not hitherto beheld.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The foreign news of the hour is somewhat -unsatisfactory. In consequence of the generally -lawless condition of the Southern Russian Republics, -the great corn districts of those regions -have for some years been falling out of cultivation; -and no hopes are entertained that we shall be able -to import any more grain from Odessa, or indeed -from any quarter of the world. In a similar way, -the native rulers to whom we restored what was -formerly called our Indian Empire, and also China -after its brief occupation, have so far adopted -American and European ideas as to place for this -next year such duties on rice and tea as will almost -prohibit the importation of those articles into the -English market, while they have positively forbidden -the introduction of English cotton or iron into -their respective States. The bad and deceptive -quality of the goods furnished by our manufacturers -is the alleged cause of these unfortunate -regulations. <span class='sc'>Science</span> will, no doubt, ere long -enable us to supply the deficiencies thus caused -both in our Commissariat and the income hitherto -derived from manufacture; but, for the present, -some anxiety is naturally felt in commercial circles -regarding these untoward events. Against all -mishaps, however, we rejoice to set the announcement—which -will be greeted with universal exultation—that -<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>the researches of the learned Professor -Coppervale respecting the animalculæ causing the -Vine Disease, the Silk-worm Disease, and the -Potato Disease, have resulted in the glorious discovery -of a method of conveying the infection with -absolute scientific certainty from a plant or insect -which has been attacked to another still healthy. -In this manner the vineyards of Château La Rose -and of Château Yquem have both been effectively -inoculated by the processes recommended by the -English Professor to the French Director of Agriculture; -and the result is perfectly satisfactory. -Not a grape on either ground was available during -the last vintage for wine-making. In the words, -then, of an illustrious philosopher of last century, -“From this vantage ground already won we look -forward with confident hope to the triumph of -science over all the loss and misery which the -human race has experienced.” Anyone who has -eaten a grape infected with the <em>phylloxera</em> according -to Professor Coppervale’s stupendous discovery, -will have enjoyed a foretaste of the triumph of -Science in ages to come.</p> - -<hr class='c010' /> - -<p class='c009'>Considerable excitement prevails just now in -many of our large towns in consequence of the -needful, but somewhat troublesome, formalities required -by law before any trade or handicraft may -be exercised. Blacksmiths’ apprentices, we are -told, very generally resent the necessity of passing -<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>their proper examinations in Metallurgy before they -are qualified to shoe a horse; and the Artificial -Flower Makers constantly evade attendance at the -lectures on Botany, given expressly for their -benefit. The candidates for licenses as Cabdrivers -have more than once exhibited signs of discontent, -when rejected on the grounds that they -failed to answer some of the simplest examination -questions on the principles of Mechanics applied to -Traction, and on the correlation of Heat and Motion, -as discovered by the illustrious author of “Heat as -a Mode of Motion.” A strike (it is even rumoured) -is impending among the stonemasons and bricklayers -and slaters in a certain large city, because -the Police, at the order of the Magistrates, having -brought up several members of those trade-unions -to the Local Examining Board for inquiry, it was -elicited that none of them had acquired a competent -knowledge of Geology in general, nor even -of the formation of the strata of rocks wherewith -their proper business is concerned.</p> - -<p class='c009'>These difficulties were to be anticipated in the -progress of Scientific knowledge among the masses, -and we earnestly hope that no proposal to relax -the late very wise legislation will be made in Parliament, -but rather to reinforce the existing Acts by -severer penalties upon ignorance and inattention. -Who can for a moment think, for example, of -allowing his shirt to be washed by a person who -knows nothing of the chemistry of soap, blue, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>starch? or his dinner cooked by a man who -(however skilled in the mere kitchen art of sending -up appetising dishes) is totally ignorant of -how much albumen, salts, and alkalies go to the -formation of vegetable and animal diet?</p> - -<p class='c009'>A kindred subject of unreasonable popular dissatisfaction -are the Medical Certificates of good -Health now legally required from men, women, and -children performing any kind of labour in factories, -warehouses, shops, fields, ships, or in domestic -service. Obviously it is impossible to certify the -health of any individual for more than a few days -at a time, and the necessity which the recent Act -enforces of obtaining a fresh certificate (and, of -course, paying the doctor for it) every week, is felt -by discontented persons as a burden unfairly -laid upon them by the State. We regret that the -process is, in truth, slightly troublesome and expensive -(the <em>minimum</em> fee for the humbler trades -is, as our readers are aware, half-a-crown; for -exercising the higher professions—artists, merchants, -lawyers, &c.—5<em>s.</em>), but it was recognised so -long ago as 1876 as a right principle of legislation -in the case of factory works, and it now forms so -legitimate a source of regular income to a large -body of most respectable medical gentlemen, who -make it their business to grant certificates, that -we cannot imagine anyone being so ill-advised as -to suggest the repeal of the law. Of course the -number of persons thus excluded from the labour -<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>market is very considerable indeed, but we must -accept such a consequence as inevitable. Since -cripples were rejected a century ago for the office -of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, the practice -has been constantly followed of placing restrictions -upon the feeble attempts at industry of -persons labouring under natural defects and disabilities, -and the Blind, for example, are no longer -allowed to compete with the seeing in making mats -and baskets. For all such wretched people there -are open the proper asylums, the Hospital for the -diseased, and the Workhouse for the feeble, the -maimed, the deaf, and the blind. Charity itself can -ask no more. The resistance of these unfortunates -against entering these institutions must be put -down. The world is, after all, made for the strong—the -strong in mind, and the strong in body; and -the notion that it is our business to “bear each -other’s burdens” belonged altogether to an Unscientific -age. What if physicians and surgeons -<em>do</em> try experiments daily on the patients in the -hospitals, sometimes involving a good deal of pain, -or loss of limb or life? These people are fed -and housed, and often extravagantly fattened up on -the most luxurious food, on the condition of serving -the cause of Science as subjects of experiments. -And what, again, if the children in the workhouses -be given over now and then by the Guardians, at the -request of the Medical authorities, for vivisection? -They are nearly always placed under the influence -<span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>of anæsthetics, indeed, we may say invariably -so, unless the object of the experiment would be -frustrated by their use. Could the humanest of -our humanitarians ask anything more? The -rule of <span class='sc'>Science</span> is the most benign, as well as enlightened, -the world has ever seen.</p> - -<hr class='c010' /> - -<p class='c009'>The sanitary interests of the community are -now recognized on all hands as the supreme concern -of the State, as the care of his own health -and the prolongation of life at all costs are the -chief ends of each individual man. We therefore -commence our yearly review by noting in what -manner the advance of <span class='sc'>Science</span>, (in which lies -our only hope,) has contributed during the past -twelvemonth towards this grand object.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The foremost place of honour is, of course, -due to the discovery of the eminent Dr. Howlem -of the scientific way to give Cholera; after which -we may reckon Dr. Mowlem’s short method of -conveying the Plague; and last, Dr. Bowlem’s -most interesting and valuable plan for producing -Leprosy. These immense discoveries (effected, it -is needless to remark, by laborious pathological -experiments on animals and idiots) may well -make the past year memorable in the annals of -the Science of Medicine; and though the particular -specific remedies for the diseases in question -have not yet been ascertained by the Faculty, we -can scarcely fail to attain that secondary object -<span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>ere long, together with the proper treatment of -Consumption, Scarlet Fever, and other maladies -which Science has been able to convey for the last -hundred years, and <em>must</em> ere long find out how to -cure.</p> - -<p class='c009'>Next in importance to actual discovery we are -inclined to place the new Regulations which Parliament -has laid down in obedience to the High -Court of Convocation. The absolute prohibition -to Women to read or write—even in cases where -they may have formerly acquired those arts (now -recognised as so unsuitable to their sex)—will, -we apprehend, tell importantly on the health of -infants, and of course eventually on that of the -community. So long as females indulged in no more -deleterious practices than dancing in hot rooms -all night, unclothing their necks and chests, wearing -thin slippers which exposed their feet to deadly -chills, and tightening their waists till their ribs were -crushed inwards, the Medical Profession very properly -left them to follow their own devices with but -little public remonstrance. The case was altered, -however, when, three or four generations ago, a -considerable movement was made for what was -then called the Higher Education of women. The -feeble brains of young females were actually taxed -to study the now forgotten Greek and Latin -languages, and even Mathematics and such Natural -Science as was then understood. The result was -truly alarming; for these poor creatures flung -<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>themselves with such energy into the pursuits -opened to them, that, as one of their critics -remarked, they resembled “the palmer-worm and -the canker-worm—they devoured every green -thing”—and not seldom surpassed their masculine -competitors. At length they began to aim at -entering the learned Professions—the Legal, and -even the Medical. Our readers may be inclined -to doubt the latter fact, which seems to involve -actual absurdity, but there is evidence that there -once existed two or three Lady Doctors in -London, who, like Pope Joan in Rome, foisted -themselves surreptitiously into an exalted position -from which Nature should have debarred them. -Of course it was the solemn duty of the Medical -Profession to put a stop at once to an error which -might lead to such a catastrophe, and numerous -books were immediately written proving (what -we all now acknowledge) that the culture of the -brains of women is highly detrimental to their -proper functions in the community; and, in short, -that the more ignorant a woman may be, the more -delightful she is as a wife, and the better qualified -to fulfil the duties of a mother.</p> - -<p class='c009'>Since <span class='sc'>Science</span> has thoroughly gained the upper -hand over Religious and other prejudices, the -position of women, we are happy to say, has been -steadily sinking, and the dream of a Higher -Education has been replaced by the abolition of -even Elementary Schools for girls, and now by -<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>the final Act of last Session, which renders it penal -for any woman to read a hook or newspaper, or to -write a letter. We anticipate the very happiest -results from this thoroughly sound and manly -legislation.</p> - -<p class='c009'>The last sanitary event to which we need at -present advert is the new law by which, on the -certificate of any single Medical Graduate that a -person is Insane, the police will be called on -immediately to arrest and consign him to such -mad-house as the Medical graduate shall appoint. -The magistrate by whose order the arrest is made -is left no option as to obeying the Medical graduate’s -certificate, and we are glad also to see -that, by another clause in the Act, the only -remaining difficulty connected with these Asylums -has been removed. None but a Medical graduate, -responsible only to the great Medical Trades -Union Council, is henceforth eligible to the office -of Inspector of any Lunatic Asylum throughout the -kingdom, nor can any Justice of the Peace grant -an order for admittance or search, except to such -a graduate. These wise and reasonable regulations -will afford much satisfaction to the Medical -gentlemen who have undertaken the arduous but -not unprofitable profession of managers and proprietors -of Lunatic Asylums.</p> - -<hr class='c010' /> - -<p class='c009'>Our prognostics of last New Year’s Day have -been amply justified by the Summary of Crime for -<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>the past twelvemonth, which has just been published, -according to the excellent recent appointment of -the Registrar General of Offences. Crimes of the -lesser class, such as murders, poisonings, electroding -and exploding, have indeed increased considerably -in number, and perhaps also in the degree of -recklessness and violence exhibited by the offenders; -but on the other hand, as we prophesied, those -crimes which involve so much larger evils to -the community—the detestable Homœopathic and -Hydropathic heresies, Infidelity respecting the -sacred doctrine of Evolution, neglect of Schooling, -and neglect of Equination, Vaccination, Canination, -and Porcination, have dwindled under the -severe measures of punishment which we urged -for so long on a too lax legislature, but which have -at last been thoroughly enforced. We may really -hope to see a few years hence the Reign of <span class='sc'>Science</span> -so complete that no man, woman, or child in the -land will presume to whisper a doubt on any subject -on which the Sanitary Office has pronounced, -or attempt to evade the seasons appointed by -authority for receiving the Rites above mentioned. -The Act passed at the end of the last century, -whereby certificates of Vaccination were substituted -for all legal purposes for Baptismal certificates, -was the first step towards the happy order of things -under which we now have the privilege to dwell.</p> - -<p class='c009'>Lest our readers should feel a not wholly unnatural -anxiety, founded on the admitted increase -<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>of the lesser crimes to which we have adverted, -we wish to remind them that such an occurrence -was inevitable on the final collapse of -Religion, and that we must be content to wait -till Science shall have had time to substitute -some more effectual checks on human passions -than it has yet been in our power to apply. -It is too obvious to need remark that since -men have learned that Death is the end of -their existence, they must be expected to seize more -hastily and resolutely every pleasure which life -may offer, nay, that it would be absurd and unscientific -to expect them to do otherwise. Let us -do justice to the old effete superstition, and admit -that the delusive notion that an invisible Being -watched human actions, loved good men, and would -punish bad ones in another world, if not in the -present, was calculated to exercise considerable -influence of a beneficial sort on ordinary minds. -Certain types of character (not now, of course, to -be found in the world) seem to have flourished -under the fictitious charm of these antique ideas—characters -exhibiting a certain courage and unselfishness, -of which it is scarcely possible to read -without some little regret that they are not conformable -with sounder philosophic views of the -nature and destiny of man. People had, we must -remember, in former days, four distinct motives for -doing good instead of evil. First, they believed in -an omnipotent Lord and Master whom they called -<span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>“God.” 2nd, they believed in a sacred internal -Guide whom they called Conscience; and 3rd, they -believed in a peculiar principle of action which they -called Honour. After all these came the Criminal -Law, ready to punish those who neglected what -were deemed to be loftier motives. Now we, in -this glorious <cite>Age of Science</cite>, must remember that -of all these four incentives to virtue only one -remains. We know there is no God, or, at least, -that, if there be, he is Unknown and Unknowable; -and we are persuaded that Conscience is merely -the inherited prejudice of our barbarous ancestors -in favour of the class of actions which were found -conducive to the welfare of the tribe. As to the -Law of Honour, men had already begun to forget -what it signified a hundred years ago, when the -Age of <span class='sc'>Science</span> was just dawning, for we find -at that epoch a writer of considerable pretensions, -in a periodical called the <cite>Fortnightly Review</cite>, -actually asserting that its standard “is submission -not to Law but to Opinion ... deference to -the opinion of a particular class.” Up to that -period we think it was universally understood by -“honourable” persons to signify, quite on the -contrary, Reverence for an inward standard of -rectitude, truth, and generosity; for a man’s own -private sense of Honour and self-respect, which -he would not forfeit to gain the applause of a -world. In our time, of course, it is needless to -say that all these fine ideal sentiments have gone -<span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>utterly out of vogue, and, having left them behind -us, we have only the Criminal Law on which -to rely for the protection of life and property. -It is needless to repeat that the delusive -exhortations of some amiable but short-sighted -philosophers of the last century to “labour for the -good of Humanity in future generations” (a motive -which they supposed would prove a substitute for -the old Historic Religions) have been once and for -all answered by the grand discovery of the Astronomers -that our planet cannot long remain the -habitation of man (even if it escape any sidereal -explosion) since the Solar heat is undergoing such -rapid exhaustion. When the day comes—as come -it must—when the fruits of the earth perish one by -one, when the dead and silent woods petrify, and all -the races of animals become extinct—when the icy -seas flow no longer, and the pallid Sun shines dimly -over the frozen world, locked like the Moon in -eternal frost and lifelessness—what, in that day -predicted so surely by Science, will avail all the -works, and hopes, and martyrdoms of man? All -the stores of knowledge which we shall have -accumulated will be for ever lost. Our discoveries, -whereby we have become the lords of creation and -wielded the great forces of Nature, will be useless -and forgotten. The virtues which have been -perfected, the genius which has glorified, the love -which has blessed the human race, will all perish -along with it. Our libraries of books, our galleries -<span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>of pictures, our fleets, our railroads, our -vast and busy cities, will be desolate and useless -for evermore. No intelligent eye will ever behold -them; and no mind in the universe will know or -remember that there ever existed such a being as -Man. <em>This</em> is what <span class='sc'>Science</span> teaches us unerringly -to expect,—and in view of it, who shall talk to us -of “labouring for the sake of Humanity”? The -enthusiasm which could work disinterestedly for a -Progress destined inevitably to end in an eternal -Glacial Period must be recognised as a dream, -wherein no man in a Scientific Age can long -indulge.</p> - -<p class='c009'>There is, then, but one Method on which we -can rely to repress human passions and hold together -the somewhat brittle chain of Society. That -method is the Scientific Treatment of Crime, -under such conditions as careful investigation and -experiments may prove to be best suited to effect -its cure. We can hold out no supersensual motives -to the <em>Minds</em> of the multitude, but we can treat -their <em>Bodies</em> in the very best manner possible to -render them virtuous and industrious citizens. It -is true that as yet the results of our efforts in this -direction have not been very satisfactory. The -salutary processes employed in the Penal Hospitals -under the most eminent physicians have not been -altogether crowned with success; and crime of -the violent kind increases year by year almost -in geometrical proportion. Nevertheless, it would -<span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>ill become any of us who have the privilege to -live in this enlightened age to entertain a shadow -of a doubt that our Scientific method is the right -one, and that by-and-by (while we respectfully -wait the results of their experiments) our great -Medical men will discover the proper remedies for -murder, rape, and robbery. For our own part, it -is superfluous to assure our readers, we retain -unwavering, unbounded faith in the resources of -<span class='sc'>Science</span> to provide a perfect substitute for Religion, -for Conscience, and for Honour.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='small'>J. OGDEN AND CO., PRINTERS, 172, ST. JOHN STREET, E.C.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c008' /> -</div> -<div class='tnotes'> - -<div class='section ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - - <ol class='ol_1 c002'> - <li>Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - - </li> - <li>Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. - </li> - </ol> - -</div> - -<pre style='margin-top:6em'> -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AGE OF SCIENCE *** - -This file should be named 63581-h.htm or 63581-h.zip - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/5/8/63581/ - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - -</pre> -</body> -</html> diff --git a/old/63581-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/63581-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 06ee4e3..0000000 --- a/old/63581-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/63581-h/images/title.jpg b/old/63581-h/images/title.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 8fb9f9a..0000000 --- a/old/63581-h/images/title.jpg +++ /dev/null |
