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| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-04 11:51:42 -0800 |
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| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-04 11:51:42 -0800 |
| commit | b701a6809a1786e1ee25ab0fd3b8f5d1fc45d59e (patch) | |
| tree | 7e759e6c872ecf24b9ce7c651dc995be1c754081 | |
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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f66b33f --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #63850 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63850) diff --git a/old/63850-h.zip b/old/63850-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7dbcc69..0000000 --- a/old/63850-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/63850-h/63850-h.htm b/old/63850-h/63850-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 3f2e288..0000000 --- a/old/63850-h/63850-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2761 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - Eyes and No Eyes and Other Stories, by Various Authors, a Project Gutenberg eBook. - </title> - <link rel="cover" href="images/epub_cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - -body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} - -p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .75em; text-indent: 1.5em;} - -hr {width: 33%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; - margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;} - -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-top: 2em;} -hr.full {width: 95%; margin-top: 2em;} -hr.tb {width: 45%;} - -table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border-collapse: collapse;} -.tblcont tr:hover {background-color: #f5f5f5;} - -.pagenum {position: absolute; right: 3.5%; font-style: normal; /* prevent italics, etc. */ - font-size: small; text-align: right; color: #808080;} /* page numbers */ -.bbox2 {border: double #000 6px; padding: 2em; width: 35em; margin: 2em auto;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} -.smaller {font-size: 0.8em;} -.gesperrt {letter-spacing: 0.25em;} -.tdc {text-align: center; margin:0 auto; text-indent: 0;} -.tdl {text-align: left;} -.tdr {text-align: right;} -h1, h2, .caption2, .caption3 {font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent:0;} -h1 {font-size:2.00em; margin-top: 1.5em;} -h2, .caption2 {font-size:1.50em; margin-top: 1.0em;} -.caption3 {font-size:1.25em; margin-top: 0.5em;} -.caption4nb {font-size:1.15em; text-align: center; text-indent:0; margin-top: 1.0em;} -.pmt4 {margin-top: 4em;} -.pmb4 {margin-bottom: 4em;} - -/* Images */ - -.fig_center {margin: auto; text-align: center;} - -.fig_left {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; - margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; - margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} - -.fig_right {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; - margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} - -.fig_caption {margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; - text-indent: -2em; text-align: center;} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnotes {background-color: #e6e6fa; color: black; padding:1.5em; - margin-bottom:5em;} - -/* Footnotes */ -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} -.fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Eyes and No Eyes, and Other Stories, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Eyes and No Eyes, and Other Stories - -Author: Various - -Editor: Michael Vincent O'Shea - -Release Date: November 22, 2020 [EBook #63850] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EYES AND NO EYES *** - - - - -Produced by Tom Cosmas from files made available at The -Internet Archive. - - - - - - -</pre> - - - - - - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 276px;"> -<img src="images/cover.png" width="276" height="419" alt="Eyes and No Eyes and Other Stories, by Various Authors" /> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p> - -<div id="Broom_Heath" class="fig_center" style="width: 405px;"> -<img src="images/broom_heath.png" width="405" height="629" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Broom Heath</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span></p> - -<div class="bbox2"> -<p class="caption4nb"><i>HEATH SUPPLEMENTARY READERS</i></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h1>EYES AND NO EYES</h1> - -<p class="caption2">AND OTHER STORIES</p> - - -<p class="caption4nb"><span class="smcap">Edited with Introduction and Notes</span></p> - -<p class="caption4nb"><i>By</i> M. V. O'SHEA</p> - -<p class="tdc">PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION IN THE UNIVERSITY -OF WISCONSIN</p> - -<div class="pmt4 pmb4 fig_center" style="width: 64px;"> -<img src="images/logo.png" width="64" height="90" alt="logo" /> -</div> - - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="caption4nb gesperrt">D. C. HEATH AND COMPANY</p> - -<p class="tdc"> -BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO ATLANTA<br /> -<br /> -DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO LONDON<br /> -</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="tdc"> -<span class="smcap">Copyright, 1900,<br /> -By D. C. Heath & Co.</span><br /> -Printed in U. S. A.<br /> -3F0<br /> -</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span></p> - -<p>Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, in "Over the Teacups," -says of the story "Eyes and No Eyes":—</p> - -<p>"I have never seen anything of the kind half so -good. I advise you, if you are a child anywhere under -forty-five, and do not yet wear glasses, to send at once -for "Evenings at Home," and read that story. For -myself I am always grateful to the writer of it for calling -my attention to common things."</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a><br /> - <a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE">PREFACE</a></h2> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Whatever</span> will stimulate the observing tendencies of -the young cannot but be of value to them. "Eyes and -No Eyes" does this in a delightful way. The story is -so natural that the child is wrapped up in it, and so it -makes a deep impress upon him. Much less could be -accomplished by simply telling him to observe, or lecturing -upon the value of keeping one's eyes open. But -when the reader sees how much more William gets out -of his walk than Robert, and what marvellous things -exist everywhere if one is on the lookout for them, he is -himself incited to examine with greater care the many -more or less ordinary things he has neglected heretofore. -William and Robert become very real individuals -to the child, and there is no doubt which of them he -will choose to emulate. The author relies upon the -force of concrete example to determine the conduct of -children, and this is certainly sound in theory and -endorsed by experience.</p> - -<p>The story is told in a very agreeable style, which is -at once attractive and affords a good model for imitation. -The dialogue gives an opportunity to present -information without its seeming dry and didactic.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p> - -<p>"The Three Giants" cannot be too highly commended. -I find children are greatly interested in it, -and they get a valuable lesson which they could not -gain quite so well in any other form. The story has -that literary touch which marks it as of permanent -value.</p> - -<p>The story of "A Curious Instrument" will offer the -child a good chance to try his imaginative wings, so -to speak, and will also afford him a useful lesson. It -cannot but be desirable for the young to begin early to -think upon the wonderful construction of the human -body, although they must not be carried into the detailed -anatomy too far. The child must rather be led to see -how marvellously efficient the various organs of his -body are, and what they accomplish to promote his -welfare. The object here indicated is attained very -well in this story; the child's curiosity is greatly stimulated -to find out what the wonderful instrument can be, -and this leads him to appreciate the uses to which it -may be put. In this way he gains useful knowledge -while being pleasantly entertained.</p> - -<p>"Travellers' Wonders" will excite hardly less curiosity -in the reader than "A Curious Instrument." He -marvels that any people can do as they are said to in -the story; and when he discovers that they dwell all -about him, it is a revelation to him. He usually does -not think upon these familiar topics; he takes them all -as matters of course. But it is a good thing for him -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span> -to view them in another light once in a while; and -there could hardly be any more effective means of -getting him to do this than is illustrated in this selection. -Formal lessons do not get the hold upon the -child that a dramatic story of this sort does,—one that -sets him to solving a puzzle. There is really no exercise -that so stimulates the mind of the young as something -of the puzzle character; and when the outcome -of the puzzle is profitable, it makes a valuable method -of teaching.</p> - -<p class="tdr">M. V. O'SHEA</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">University of Wisconsin</span><br /></p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span></p> - - - -<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS</a></h2> - -<table class="tblcont" style="width: 25em;" summary="TOC"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr smaller">PAGE</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">PREFACE</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#PREFACE">V</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="2"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">EYES AND NO EYES; <span class="smcap">or, The Art of Seeing</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#EYES_AND_NO_EYES">1</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">From Aiken and Barbauld's "Evenings at Home"</span></span></td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="2"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">THE THREE GIANTS</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_THREE_GIANTS">22</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">By Mrs. Marcet</span></span></td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="2"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">TRAVELLERS' WONDERS</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#TRAVELLERS_WONDERS">50</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">From Aiken and Barbauld's "Evenings at Home"</span></span></td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="2"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#A_CURIOUS_INSTRUMENT">59</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">By Jane Taylor</span></span></td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="2"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">NOTE</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#NOTE">64</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - - - - -<h2><a name="ILLUSTRATIONS" id="ILLUSTRATIONS">ILLUSTRATIONS</a></h2> - -<table class="tblcont" style="width: 25em;" summary="LOI"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Broom Heath</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Broom_Heath"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">View and Plan of Roman Camp</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">It was a Large Water-rat</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">The Three Giants at Work</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Aquafluens</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Ventosus</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">The Coming of Vaporifer</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Vaporifer at Work</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">A Curious Instrument</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="2"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc smaller" colspan="2">AND TWENTY-SIX SMALLER ONES IN THE TEXT</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> - - - - -<div id="EYES_AND_NO_EYES" class="fig_center" style="width: 420px;"> -<img src="images/eyes_no_eyes.png" width="420" height="329" alt="" /> -</div> - - -<h2>EYES AND NO EYES</h2> - -<p class="caption3">OR, THE ART OF SEEING</p> - - -<p>"<span class="smcap">Well</span>, Robert, where have you been walking -this afternoon?" said Mr. Andrews, to one of his -pupils at the close of a holiday.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Robert.</span> "I have been, sir, to Broom Heath, and -so around by the windmill upon Camp Mount, -and home through the meadows by the riverside."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Well, that's a pleasant round."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Robert.</span> "I thought it very dull, sir; I -scarcely met with a single person. I had rather -by half have gone along the turnpike road."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Why, if seeing men and horses is your -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> -object, you would indeed be better entertained -upon the high road. But did you see William?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Robert.</span> "We set out together, but he lagged -behind in the lane, so I walked on and left him."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "That was a pity. He would have -been company for you."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Robert.</span> "Oh, he is so tedious, always stopping -to look at this thing and that. I had rather -walk alone. I dare say he is not home yet."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Here he comes. Well, William, -where have you been?"</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 407px;"> -<img src="images/william_walk.png" width="407" height="318" alt="William's Walk" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "Oh, sir, the pleasantest walk! I -went all over Broom Heath, and so up to the mill -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> -at the top of the hill, and then down among the -green meadows by the side of the river."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Why, that is just the round Robert -has been taking, and he complains of its dullness, -and prefers the high road."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I wonder at that. I am sure I -hardly took a step that did not delight me, and I -brought home my handkerchief full of curiosities."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Suppose, then, you give us some -account of what amused you so much. I fancy -it will be as new to Robert as to me."</p> - -<div class="fig_right" style="width: 164px;"> -<img src="images/mistletoe.png" width="164" height="204" alt="Mistletoe" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I will, sir. The lane leading to -the heath, you know, is close and sandy, so I did -not mind it much, but made the best of my way. -However, I spied a curious thing enough in the -hedge. It was an old crab-tree, out of which -grew a great bunch of something -green, quite different -from the tree itself. Here is -a branch of it."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Ah! this is mistletoe, -a plant of great fame for -the use made of it by the -Druids of old in their religious -rites and incantations. It bears -a very slimy white berry, of which birdlime may -be made. It is one of those plants which do not -grow in the ground by a root of their own, but -fix themselves upon other plants, whence they -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> -have been humorously styled parasitical, as being -hangers-on or dependants. It was the mistletoe -of the oak that the Druids particularly honored."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "A little farther on I saw a green -woodpecker fly to a tree and run up the trunk -like a cat."</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 408px;"> -<img src="images/woodpecker.png" width="408" height="322" alt="Woodpecker" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "That was to seek for insects in the -bark, on which they live. They bore holes with -their strong bills for that purpose, and do much -damage to the trees by it."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "What beautiful birds they are!"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Yes; they have been called, from -their color and size, the English parrot."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "When I got upon the open heath, -how charming it was! The air seemed so fresh, -and the prospect on every side so free and -unbounded! Then it was all covered with gay -flowers, many of which I had never observed -before. There were at least three kinds of heath -(I have got them in my handkerchief here), and -gorse, and broom, and bell-flower, and many -others of all colors, that I will beg you presently -to tell me the names of."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "That I will readily."</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 283px;"> -<img src="images/wheatear.png" width="283" height="249" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Wheatear</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I saw, too, several birds that were -new to me. There was a pretty grayish one, of -the size of a lark, that was hopping about some -great stones; and when he flew he showed a -great deal of white above his tail."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "That was a wheatear. They are -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> -reckoned very delicious birds to eat, and frequent -the open downs in Sussex, and some other counties, -in great numbers."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "There was a flock of lapwings upon -a marshy part of the heath that amused me much. -As I came near them, some of them kept flying -round and round just over my head, and crying -'pewit' so distinctly one might fancy they almost -spoke. I thought I should have caught one of -them, for he flew as if one of his wings was broken, -and often tumbled close to the ground; but, as I -came near, he always made a shift to get away."</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 318px;"> -<img src="images/lapwing.png" width="318" height="184" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Lapwing</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Ha, ha! you were finely taken in, -then! This was all an artifice of the bird's to -entice you away from its nest; for they build upon -the bare ground, and their nests would easily be -observed, did they not draw off the attention of -intruders by their loud cries and counterfeit -lameness."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 422px;"> -<img src="images/turf_cutting.png" width="422" height="331" alt="Turf Cutting" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I wish I had known that, for he -led me a long chase, often over shoes in water. -However, it was the cause of my falling in with an -old man and a boy who were cutting and piling -up turf for fuel, and I had a good deal of talk -with them about the manner of preparing the -turf, and the price at which it sells. They gave -me, too, a creature I never saw before,—a young -viper which they had just killed, together with its -dam. I have seen several common snakes, but -this is thicker in proportion and of a darker color -than they are."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 410px;"> -<img src="images/roman_camp_1.png" width="410" height="286" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Remains of a Roman Camp at Silchester, England</span></div> -</div> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 412px;"> -<img src="images/roman_camp_2.png" width="412" height="324" alt="Roman Camp Plan" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "True, vipers frequent those turfy, -boggy grounds and I have known several turf-cutters -bitten by them."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "They are very venomous, are they -not?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Enough so to make their wounds -painful and dangerous, though they seldom prove -fatal."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "Well, I then took my course up to -the windmill on the mount. I climbed up the -steps of the mill in order to get a better view of -the country round. What an extensive prospect! -I counted fifteen church steeples, and I saw several -gentlemen's houses peeping out from the -midst of green woods and plantations; and I -could trace the windings of the river all along the -low grounds, till it was lost behind a ridge of hills. -But I'll tell you what I mean to do, sir, if you will -give me leave."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "What is that?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I will go again, and take with me -Carey's country map, by which I shall probably -be able to make out most of the places."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "You shall have it, and I will go with -you, and take my pocket spying-glass."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I shall be very glad of that. Well, -a thought struck me, that as the hill is called -Camp Mount, there might probably be some -remains of ditches and mounds with which I -have read that camps were surrounded. And I -really believe I discovered something of that sort -running round one side of the mount."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 410px;"> -<img src="images/water-rat.png" width="410" height="635" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">It was a Large Water-rat</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Very likely you might. I know -antiquaries have described such remains as existing -there, which some suppose to be Roman, -others Danish. We will examine them further -when we go."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "From the hill I went straight -down to the meadows below, and walked on the -side of a brook that runs into the river. It -was all bordered with reeds and flags and tall -flowering plants, quite different from those I had -seen on the heath. As I was getting down the -bank to reach one of them, I heard something -plunge into the water near me. It was a large -water-rat, and I saw it swim over to the other -side, and go into its hole. There were a great -many large dragon-flies all about the stream. I -caught one of the finest, and have him here in a -leaf. But how I longed to catch a bird that I saw -hovering over the water, and every now and then -darting down into it! It was all over a mixture -of the most beautiful green and blue, with some -orange color. It was somewhat less than a thrush, -and had a large head and bill, and a short tail."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "I can tell you what that bird was—a -kingfisher, the celebrated halcyon<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> of the ancients, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> -about which so many tales are told. It lives on -fish, which it catches in the manner you saw. It -builds in holes in the banks, and is a shy, retired -bird, never to be seen -far from the stream -where it lives."</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> <i>Halcyon</i>: the halcyon was said to lay her eggs in a nest built on the -sea during calm weather. Hence, halcyon days,—"days of repose."</p></div> - -<div class="fig_left" style="width: 220px;"> -<img src="images/kingfishers.png" width="220" height="359" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Kingfishers</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I must -try to get another sight -at him, for I never saw -a bird that pleased me -so much. Well, I followed -this little brook -till it entered the river, -and then took the path -that runs along the -bank. On the opposite -side I observed several -little birds running -along the shore, and -making a piping noise. -They were brown and -white, and about as big as a snipe."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "I suppose they were sand-pipers, one -of the numerous family of birds that get their living -by wading among the shallows, and picking -up worms and insects."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "There were a great many swallows, -too, sporting upon the surface of the water, that -entertained me with their motions. Sometimes -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> -they dashed into the stream; sometimes they -pursued one another so quick, that the eye could -scarcely follow them. In one place, where a high, -steep sandbank rose directly above the river, I -observed many of them go in and out of holes -with which the bank was bored full."</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 422px;"> -<img src="images/sand-pipers.png" width="422" height="330" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption">Sand-pipers</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Those were sand-martins, the smallest -of our species of swallows. They are of a -mouse-color above, and white beneath. They -make their nests and bring up their young in -these holes, which run a great depth, and by their -situation are secure from all plunderers."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 424px;"> -<img src="images/swallow.png" width="424" height="207" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Swallow</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "A little farther on I saw a man in -a boat, who was catching eels in an odd way. -He had a long pole with broad iron prongs at the -end, just like Neptune's trident, only there were -five instead of three. This he pushed straight -down among the mud in the deepest parts of the -river, and fetched up the eels sticking between -the prongs."<a name="FNanchor_2" id="FNanchor_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 411px;"> -<img src="images/trident.png" width="411" height="41" alt="Trident" /> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> <i>Neptune:</i> the god of the sea, always represented with the trident or -three-pronged fork, anciently used by fishermen.</p></div> - -<div class="fig_right" style="width: 197px;"> -<img src="images/cliff-swallows.png" width="197" height="658" alt="Cliff-swallows" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "I have seen this method: it is called -the spearing of eels."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "While I was looking at him a heron -came flying over my head, with his large flapping -wings. He lit at the next turn of the river, and I -crept softly behind the bank to watch his motions. -He had waded into the water as far as his long -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> -legs would carry him, and -was standing with his -neck drawn in, looking -intently on the stream. -Presently he darted his -long bill as quick as -lightning into the water, -and drew out a fish, -which he swallowed. I -saw him catch another in -the same manner. He -then took alarm at some -noise I made, and flew -away slowly to a wood at -some distance, where he -alighted."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Probably his -nest was there, for herons -build upon the loftiest -trees they can find, and -sometimes in society together, -like rooks. Formerly, -when these birds -were valued for the -amusement of hawking,<a name="FNanchor_3" id="FNanchor_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> -many gentlemen had their -heronries, and a few are -still remaining."</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3" id="Footnote_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> <i>Hawking</i>: catching birds by means of trained hawks.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></p></div> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I think they are the largest wild -birds we have."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "They are of a great length and spread -of wing, but their bodies are comparatively small."</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 374px;"> -<img src="images/heron.png" width="374" height="386" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Heron</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I then turned homeward across the -meadows, where I stopped awhile to look at a -large flock of starlings, which kept flying about -at no great distance. I could not tell at first -what to make of them, for they rose all together -from the ground as thick as a swarm of bees, and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> -formed themselves into a kind of black cloud, -hovering over the field. After taking a short -round they settled again, and presently rose once -more in the same manner. I dare say there were -hundreds of them."</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 368px;"> -<img src="images/starling.png" width="368" height="287" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Starling</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Perhaps so; for in the fenny countries -their flocks are so numerous that they break -down whole acres of reeds by settling on them. -This disposition of starlings to fly in close swarms -was observed even by Homer, who compares the -foe flying from one of his heroes to a cloud of -starlings retiring dismayed at the approach of the -hawk."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "After I had left the meadows, I -crossed the corn-fields on the way to our house, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> -and passed close by a deep marl-pit. Looking into -it I saw in one of the sides a cluster of what I -took to be shells, and, upon going -down, I picked up a clod of marl, -which was quite full of them; -but how sea-shells could get -there, I cannot imagine."</p> - -<div class="fig_left" style="width: 136px;"> -<img src="images/marl.png" width="136" height="132" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption">Marl</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "I do not wonder at -your surprise, since many philosophers have been -much perplexed to account for the same appearance. -It is not uncommon to find great quantities -of shells and relics of marine animals even -in the bowels of high mountains, very remote -from the sea. They are certainly proofs that the -earth was once in a very different state from what -it is at present. When you study geology you -will know more on this subject."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I got to the high field next our -house, just as the sun was setting, and I stood -looking at it till it was quite lost. What a glorious -sight! The clouds were tinged with purple -and crimson and yellow of all shades and hues, -and the clear sky varied from blue to a fine green -at the horizon. But how large the sun appears -just as it sets! I think it seems twice as big as -when it is overhead."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "It does so; and you may probably -have observed the same apparent enlargement of -the moon at its rising."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">William.</span> "I have; but pray what is the reason -of this?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "It is an optical deception, depending -upon principles which I cannot well explain to -you till you know more of that branch of science. -But what a number of new ideas this afternoon's -walk has afforded you! I do not wonder that -you found it amusing; it has been very instructive, -too. Did you see nothing of all these -sights, Robert?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Robert.</span> "I saw some of them, but I did not -take particular notice of them."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "Why not?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Robert.</span> "I don't know. I did not care about -them, and I made the best of my way home."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. A.</span> "That would have been right if you -had been sent with a message; but as you only -walked for amusement, it would have been wiser -to have sought out as many sources of it as -possible. But so it is one person walks through -the world with his eyes open, and another with -them shut; and upon this difference depends all -the superiority of knowledge the one acquires -above the other. I have known sailors who had -been in all the quarters of the world, and could -tell you nothing but the signs of the tippling-houses -they frequented in the different ports, -and the price and quality of the liquor. On -the other hand, a Franklin could not cross the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> -Channel,<a name="FNanchor_4" id="FNanchor_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> without making some observations useful -to mankind. While many a vacant, thoughtless -youth is whirled throughout Europe without gaining -a single idea worth crossing a street for, the -observing eye and inquiring mind find matter of -improvement and delight in every ramble in town -or country. Do you, then, William, continue to -make use of your eyes; and you, Robert, learn -that eyes were given you to use."</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4" id="Footnote_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> <i>The English Channel:</i> the shortest sea trip by which it is possible -to leave England. It divides that country from France.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p></div> - -<div id="THE_THREE_GIANTS" class="fig_center" style="width: 422px;"> -<img src="images/three_giants_at_work.png" width="422" height="657" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">The Three Giants at Work</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>THE THREE GIANTS</h2> - - -<div class="fig_right" style="width: 178px;"> -<img src="images/shipwreck.png" width="178" height="610" alt="Shipwreck" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Once</span> upon a time, a -poor man who had a large -family left England to go -and see if he could find a -better living for himself -across the seas. There -were many others on -board the ship, and for a -time all went well; but -when they were nearing -the end of their journey, -a great storm arose. The -winds blew, the waves rose -and roared, and broke upon -the ship; and at last -they were very glad to -be able to let her drift -aground on the nearest -land, which they found to -be an island on which no -one was living.</p> - -<p>They all got safely to -shore; and as the ship -was broken up by the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> -wind and the waves, they were able to get many -planks, and nails, and other useful things from -the ship, and from its cargo, with which they -built themselves houses, made spades and ploughs, -so that they were not so badly off after all. -They had plenty of corn to last them until they -could grow some more, and for a time all went -well. But after they had got a good crop of -corn, they had to grind it into flour, and this -took a long time. There were no flour-mills on -the island, and John Jobson—for that was the -name of the laboring man—had to spend hours -every day grinding the grain into flour for his -wife and family to eat.</p> - -<p>One day, after he had been grinding until his -back ached and his arms were very tired, he -began to be in despair. If it took him so much -time grinding his grain, he would have no time -left to look after the little farm which he had laid -out. His little boys, although they had great -appetites and ate as much bread as their mother -could make out of the flour which their father -ground between the two millstones, were not -strong enough to help him. All the other settlers -were just in the same position. They had -no machines to do any work for them. Everything -had to be done with their hands. There -were no people to hire as servants; and if there -had been, they could not have paid them any -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> -wages, for they were poor and had no money. So -Jobson became very down-hearted, and not knowing -what to do, thought he would take a stroll in -the country and think over things.</p> - -<p>He climbed up some rising ground, and walked -a long way among the hills, wondering what on -earth he should do if he could get no help. He -was going up a little valley, which turned suddenly, -and there to his great astonishment he saw -a monstrous Giant. He was terribly scared, and -would have run away as hard as he possibly could, -but on taking a second look at the giant he saw -that he was asleep. Jobson looked again, and -wondered at the immense size of the giant. He -could hardly see to the end of him, and he saw -that he was enormously strong; yet he looked so -harmless and good-humored, that Jobson stood -gazing on him till his fear was nearly over. He -was clad in a robe of dazzling brightness where -the sun shone upon it, but the greater part was -shaded by the trees; and it reflected all their -different colors, which made it look like a green -changing silk. As Jobson stood, lost in amazement, -the giant opened his eyes, and turned -towards him with a good-humored smile.</p> - -<p>As soon as Jobson saw him open his eyes he -started to run again, feeling sure that he could -have no chance if so huge a giant were to catch -him; but as he ran the giant spoke. He was still -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> -lying down on his back in the grass, and his voice -was gentle and kind.</p> - -<p>"Do not be afraid," he said. "I will do you -no harm."</p> - -<p>"But you are so big," said Jobson, looking -timidly at the giant, and making ready to run the -moment the giant stirred.</p> - -<p>But the giant did not stir. He said, "Yes, I -am very strong and very big, but I will do you no -harm."</p> - -<p>As he still lay and smiled kindly, Jobson came -nearer to him, and at last all fear began to leave -him. Then he asked the giant who he was.</p> - -<p>"My name," said the giant, "is Aquafluens."</p> - -<p>"And where do you live?" said Jobson.</p> - -<p>"I live in the island. I have always lived here, -long before you came."</p> - -<p>"Then does it belong to you?" said Jobson, -fearing that the giant might treat him as a trespasser.</p> - -<p>"I do not know," said the giant. "What does -'belong' mean?"</p> - -<p>Jobson thought it was a queer question, but -said nothing. Then Jobson began to think -whether it might be possible to get this good-natured -giant, who seemed so strong, to help him -in his work. "Do you ever work?" he said to -the giant.</p> - -<p>"Oh yes," said he; "I can work if you will set -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> -me work to do. I like it. All work is play to -me."</p> - -<p>Then Jobson's heart was glad within him, and -he thought to himself, "Here is one who could -grind all my corn with his little finger, but dare I -ask him?" So he thought for a time, and then he -said, "You said you would work for any one?"</p> - -<p>"Yes," said Aquafluens, gently, "for any one -who will teach me to work."</p> - -<p>"Then," said Jobson, "would you work for -me?"</p> - -<p>"Yes," said the giant; "if you will teach me."</p> - -<p>"But what wages must I pay you?" asked -Jobson.</p> - -<p>Then the giant laughed, and said, "What queer -words you use. You say 'belong.' What does -'belong' mean? I do not know. You say -'wages.' What are 'wages'? I have never -heard of them."</p> - -<p>At this Jobson thought the giant must be mad, -and he was a little afraid; then again he thought -to himself, "Perhaps he is not mad, but only -weak in his head. Giants, they say, are often not -very wise." So he tried to explain. "What shall -I give you if you work for me?"</p> - -<p>"Give me?" said the giant; "what a joke! -You need give me nothing, I will work for you -for love."</p> - -<p>Then Jobson could hardly believe his ears, but -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> -he thought he would go home at once and tell -his wife the good news, that he had got a great, -strong giant who would work for him for -nothing.</p> - -<p>"Where are you going?" said the giant.</p> - -<p>"I am going home to tell my wife."</p> - -<p>"Had you not better let me carry you?" said -the giant.</p> - -<p>Then Jobson was frightened in his heart. -"Perhaps if I say yes the giant will swallow me -alive." But he did not tell him so.</p> - -<p>"How can you carry me?" said he.</p> - -<p>"I can carry you any way you like," said the -giant, "so long as the road goes down hill."</p> - -<p>"Oh, it is down hill all the way!" said Jobson.</p> - -<p>"Then," said he, "you must get upon my back, -and I will carry you there as quick as you like."</p> - -<p>Jobson was afraid, for when he came to look at -the giant's back, and put his hand upon it, it sank -right in; then he saw that the skin was so soft -that, when you pressed upon it, it gave way under -your hand, or your foot, and you seemed to sink -right into the giant's back. So Jobson was terrified, -and screamed as he pulled his hand out of -the hole that he had made in the giant; but to -his surprise the hole closed up, just as if he had -never thrust his hand in. But his hand was wet -with the giant's blood. It was such queer blood; -it was quite cold, and it had no color.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p> - -<p>Then the giant said, "That will never do, for -you are so small and so heavy for your little size, -that you would sink into me if you tried to sit on -my back."</p> - -<p>"But what can I do?" said Jobson. The giant -took a tree-trunk which was lying close at hand, -and put it on his shoulder. "Now," said he, "jump -onto this trunk, and I will carry you safely."</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 410px;"> -<img src="images/riding_tree-trunk.png" width="410" height="321" alt="Riding Tree-trunk" /> -</div> - -<p>Jobson was very frightened when he sat on the -log, for he thought nothing would be more likely -than for the log and himself to sink out of sight -in the giant's body, but he soon found that -although the log sank in a little way, it did not -sink in far enough for him to touch the giant's -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> -body with his feet. He was very glad, for he felt -all wet and cold where his arm seemed to have -gone through the giant's skin. "You had better -have a pole with you to steady yourself with." -Jobson picked up a long stick, and climbed up -once more onto the giant's shoulders, where the -great log lay; he seated himself, and waited with -terror for the giant's movement. He thought -that if he had seven-league boots he might throw -him up into the air. He would fall off, he was -sure; but, to his great surprise, the giant neither -jumped, nor stepped, nor ran; he seemed in the -strangest way to glide, without making any noise, -down the valley, across the hill to the place where -his cottage stood. When they came within sight -of the cottage his wife and children were standing -on a little hillock looking for him, and when -they saw him seated on the shoulders of this -strange monster they nearly had a fit with fright. -The children ran into the house, and the wife fell -at the feet of the great giant, saying, "Have -mercy on my poor husband!" But the giant -laughed and lay down on the grass: then Jobson -jumped off the trunk and told his wife of the -glad news, that this was a good giant, and that -he would do all their work for them. The children -came out of the house and looked timidly at -the monster, who, as soon as he had lain down, -closed his eyes and seemed to be sound asleep.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p> - -<p>Jobson went into the house to tell his wife all -of the wonderful story of the giant, but his wife -did not seem to like the idea of employing the -giant.</p> - -<p>"But he will work for nothing, wife," said Jobson.</p> - -<p>The wife shook her head. "That is all very -well," she said; "but think of the food he will eat. -He would swallow all the food we have in the -house for breakfast, and we should starve."</p> - -<p>The husband scratched his head, and said he -had never thought of that. "But," he said, "let -us go and ask him how much food we must give -him."</p> - -<p>"And what drink he will want, and where will -you put him up?" said the wife.</p> - -<p>Jobson began to believe that his workman was -not such a good bargain after all.</p> - -<p>So when they drew near to the giant, he opened -his eyes and asked what was the matter.</p> - -<p>Jobson said they were afraid they would not be -able to put him up in their house, as he was too -big to enter at the door.</p> - -<p>"Oh," said the giant, "that does not matter, for -I never live in a house. I will simply sleep here -in the grass under the sky."</p> - -<p>"But," said Jobson, "we are afraid that we shall -not be able to feed you."</p> - -<p>"Feed me?" said the giant, laughing, with a -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> -little ripply murmur that shook all his body. -"Who asked you for any food? I never eat -anything."</p> - -<p>Then Jobson's wife was frightened, and said she -was afraid that there must be something uncanny -about him. But Jobson went on asking:—</p> - -<p>"What do you drink?" said he.</p> - -<p>"Only fresh water," said the giant.</p> - -<p>Jobson was very pleased, and looking in triumph -at his wife, said to him:—</p> - -<p>"And how much work can you do in a day?"</p> - -<p>"As much as you like," said the giant.</p> - -<p>"But I mean," said he, "how many hours will -you work?"</p> - -<p>"As many hours as there are on the face of the -clock," said the giant.</p> - -<p>"You mean twelve," said the wife.</p> - -<p>"No," said the giant. "I mean all the hours -that are in a day."</p> - -<p>"What!" said Jobson, "never stop night or -day? And do you never sleep?"</p> - -<p>"When I have nothing to do," said the giant, -"I sleep, but as long as you give me work I will -go on working."</p> - -<p>"But do you never get tired?" said Jobson.</p> - -<p>"Tired!" said the giant, "I don't know what -that is. That is another funny word. What a -queer language you speak. What is being tired?"</p> - -<p>Then Jobson looked at his wife and his wife -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> -looked at him, and they said nothing for a little -time. Then they asked him when he was ready -to begin.</p> - -<p>"At once," he said; "as soon as you have put -things right for me."</p> - -<p>"What things?" said they.</p> - -<p>"I told you I can only work going down hill. -If you want me to work hard you must let me -have some place that is very steep, and make a -step ladder for me to go down on. If you will fix -a wheel with steps on it, so that I can step on the -steps and make the wheel go round, I can do anything -you like."</p> - -<p>"Could you grind corn?" said Jobson's wife.</p> - -<p>"I can grind stones," said the giant, laughing.</p> - -<p>So Jobson and his wife set about building a -mill with a step wheel for the giant. They connected -a big wheel for the giant to step upon with -grindstones on the inside of the mill, so when the -giant stepped upon the wheel outside, he made the -millstones inside go round and round and grind -the wheat. When it was all finished they came to -the giant and asked him if he was ready to begin.</p> - -<p>"Yes," he said.</p> - -<p>"Begin then," said Jobson.</p> - -<p>And the giant slowly and steadily stepped first -on one step of the wheel and then on another -until it began to go round and round, and the -millstones went round and round, and so it went -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> -on until the whole of a sack of corn was ground -into flour, and still the giant went on, and on, and -on.</p> - -<p>"Are you not tired?" said Jobson to him.</p> - -<p>"I don't know what you mean," said he.</p> - -<p>"Well, now," said Jobson, "do you think you -could get me some stones from the quarry?"</p> - -<p>"Easily," said the giant. "But what have I to -carry them in?"</p> - -<p>Then Jobson made a long box and put it upon -the giant's back; but he found that it was not so -easy going, for the road was quite flat, and over -and over again the giant stopped. He could go -very well down hill, but on level ground he needed -to be poked along with a long pole which Jobson -carried. When it came to the least down hill, he -went as quick as could be. This bothered Jobson -a great deal, for he saw that if the giant could -only go down hill, he could not be nearly so useful -as if he could go both ways. So he spoke -about it to the giant once, and he laughed and -said: "Hum! you must get my brother, he could -help me to go as quick along the level ground as -I do when I am going down hill; but even he -could not make me go up hill. Is there not -plenty of work I can do without that?"</p> - -<p>"Certainly," said Jobson; and soon he had the -giant set to work to make all kinds of things.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 409px;"> -<img src="images/aquafluens.png" width="409" height="621" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Aquafluens</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> - -<p>When he had ground all the corn, they took -away the millstones and fixed up a saw which -had come ashore from the wreck. They found -that the giant could saw wood as well as he could -grind corn. They asked him if he would bring -down the trees from the hills, with which they -could make planks to floor their cottage.</p> - -<p>"Nothing is easier," said the giant; and when -the logs came down, he sawed them all up into -planks, and soon the Jobsons were so comfortable -that they not only had enough planks for -themselves, but they had more than they wanted, -so they gave them to the neighbors. Every one -was very anxious to find out if there were any -more giants in the island, because they could -see that Giant Aquafluens was more useful than -twenty men. He never ate, he never slept, he -only drank cold water, and day and night he -would go on working as regularly as if he were -a machine. Only, when the sun got very hot, -and he could not get any water to drink, his -strength seemed to wither away, but a good -heavy shower of rain set him up in time, and -then he would work away as hard as ever.</p> - -<p>One day Jobson asked him where this brother -of his could be found. "You will find him -usually on the hilltops," said Aquafluens; "but -occasionally he comes sweeping down, and disturbs -me in the grass where I am lying."</p> - -<p>"Can he do as much work as you?"</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_left" style="width: 190px;"> -<img src="images/winged_giant.png" width="190" height="643" alt="Winged Giant" /> -</div> - -<p>"When he Is in the -humor, but sometimes he -is not; and sometimes -he gets into a frightful -temper, until you think -he is going to destroy -everything. He even gets -me mad sometimes," said -Aquafluens.</p> - -<p>At this Jobson was -silent, and wondered -greatly, for he had never -seen his good giant in a -passion. He told all this -to a neighbor called Jackson, -who was very anxious -to have a giant of his -own; and no sooner did -he hear that the stormy-tempered -brother of -Aquafluens lived on the -hilltops, than he went out -into the mountains to -see if he could find him.</p> - -<p>At length, one day, -Jackson, climbing a high -rock, saw a magnificent -figure seated upon the -summit. He could -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> -scarcely distinguish the shape for his eyes were -dazzled by its brightness; but what struck him -most were two enormous wings, as large as the -sails of a ship, but thin and transparent as the -wings of a gnat. Jackson doubted not but that -this was the brother of Aquafluens. Alarmed -at the account he had heard of the uncertainty of -his temper, he hesitated whether to approach. -The hope of gain, however, tempted him, and as -he drew nearer he observed that he also had a -smiling countenance. So mustering up courage -he ventured to accost him, and inquire whether -he was the person they had so long been in -search of, and whether he would engage in his -service.</p> - -<p>"My name is Ventosus," cried the winged -giant, "and I am ready to work for you, if you -will let me have my own way. I am not of the -low disposition of my brother, who plods on with -the same uniform pace. I cannot help sometimes -laughing at his slow motion, and I amuse myself -with ruffling his placid temper, in order to make -him jog on a little faster. I frequently lend him -a helping hand when he is laden with a heavy -burden. I perch upon his bosom, and stretching -out my wings I move with such rapidity as -almost to lift him from the ground."</p> - -<p>Jackson was astonished to hear Aquafluens -accused of sluggishness; he told Ventosus what -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> -a prodigious quantity of work he had done for -the colony.</p> - -<p>"He is a snail compared to me, for all that," -holloed out Ventosus, who had sometimes a very -loud voice; and to show his rapidity he spread -his wings, and was out of sight in a moment.</p> - -<p>Jackson was sadly frightened, lest he should -be gone forever; but he soon returned, and -consented to accompany Jackson home, on condition -that he would settle him in an elevated -spot of ground.</p> - -<p>"My house is built on the brow of a hill," said -Jackson, "and I shall place yours on the summit."</p> - -<p>"Well," said the giant, "if you will get me a -couple of millstones, I will grind you as much -corn in one hour as Aquafluens can in two. -Like my brother, I work without food or wages; -but then I have an independent spirit, I cannot -bear confinement; I work only when I have a -mind to it, and I follow no will but my own."</p> - -<p>"This is not such a tractable giant as Aquafluens," -thought Jackson; "but he is still more -powerful, so I must try to manage his temper as -well as I can."</p> - -<p>His wonderful form and the lightness of his -wings excited great admiration. Jackson immediately -set about building a house for him on the -hill to grind corn in, and meanwhile, Ventosus -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> -took a flight into the valley to see his brother. -He found him carrying a heavy load of planks, -which he had lately sawed, to their proprietor. -They embraced each other, and Ventosus, being -in a good humor, said, "Come, brother, let me -help you forward with your load, you will never -get on at this lazy pace."</p> - -<p>"Lazy pace!" exclaimed one of the children, -who was seated on the load of wood on the giant's -back; "why, there is no man who can walk half -or quarter so fast."</p> - -<p>"True," replied Ventosus; "but we are not -such pygmies as you."</p> - -<p>So he seated himself beside the child, stretched -out his wings, and off they flew with a rapidity -which at first terrified the boy; but when he -found he was quite safe, he was delighted to sail -through the air almost as quickly as a bird flies. -When they arrived, and the wood had been -unloaded, Aquafluens said, "Now, brother, you -may help me back again."</p> - -<p>"Not I," said Ventosus; "I am going on, -straight forward. If you choose to go along with -me, well and good; if not, you may make your -way home as you please."</p> - -<p>Aquafluens thought this very unkind, and he -began to argue with his brother; but this only -led to a dispute. Aquafluens' temper was at -length ruffled; Ventosus flew into a passion: he -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> -struggled with his brother, and roared louder -than any wild beast. Aquafluens then lost all -self-command, and actually foamed with rage. -The poor child stood at a distance, trembling -with fear. He hardly knew the face of his old -friend, so much was his countenance distorted by -wrath; he looked as if he could almost have -swallowed him up. At length, Ventosus disengaged -himself from his brother, and flew out of -his sight; but his sighs and moans were still -heard afar off. Aquafluens also murmured loudly -at the ill-treatment he had received; but he composed -himself by degrees, and, taking the boy on -his back, slowly returned home.</p> - -<p>Jackson inquired eagerly after Ventosus, and -when the child told him all that had happened, -he was much alarmed for fear Ventosus should -never return; and he was the more disappointed, -as he had prepared everything for him to go to -work. Ventosus, however, came back in the -night, and when Jackson went to set him to work -in the morning, he found that nearly half the -corn was already ground. This was a wonderful -performance. Yet, upon the whole, Ventosus -did not prove of such use to the colony as his -brother. He would carry with astonishing quickness; -but then he would always carry his own -way; so that it was necessary to know what -direction he intended to take, before you could -confide any goods to his charge; and then, when -you thought them sure to arrive on account of -the rapidity with which they were conveyed, -Ventosus would sometimes suddenly change his -mind, and veer about with the fickleness of a -weathercock; so that the goods, instead of reaching -their place of destination, were carried to -some other place or brought to the spot whence -they set out. This inconvenience could not happen -with regard to grinding corn; but one of -no less importance often did occur. Ventosus, -when not inclined to work, disappeared, and was -nowhere to be found.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 423px;"> -<img src="images/ventosus.png" width="423" height="657" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Ventosus</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span></p> - -<p>The benefit derived from the labor of these -two giants had so much improved the state of -the colony that not only were the cottages well -floored, and had good doors and window-shutters, -but there was abundance of comfortable furniture—bedsteads, -tables, chairs, chests, and cupboards, -as many as could be wished; and the men and -women, now that they were relieved from the -most laborious work, could employ themselves in -making a number of things which before they had -not time for. It was no wonder, therefore, that -the desire to discover more giants was uppermost -in men's minds.</p> - -<p>They were always asking Aquafluens about -where they could find another giant, for he was -ever with them and never flew away, so they could -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> -always ask questions; while Ventosus used to fly -away and disappear if they bothered him with -questions which he did not like to answer.</p> - -<p>They hunted high and low for more giants, but -they found none. The heart of Aquafluens was -grieved within him, that they should seek so much -for a giant that did not need always to go down -hill. So one day, after much doubt, he told Jobson -that there was another giant who was stronger -than he, and much more constant and regular in -his work than Ventosus, who was here to-day and -away to-morrow, and whom you could never be -sure of. This giant was the strongest of all -giants, but he was also dangerous.</p> - -<p>"I will then have nothing to do with him," -said Jobson.</p> - -<p>"Well," said Aquafluens, "if you know how to -manage him he will work for you."</p> - -<p>"Can he go up hill?" said his little boy.</p> - -<p>"As easily as I can go down," said Aquafluens.</p> - -<p>"And who is this giant?" said Jobson.</p> - -<p>"Alas," said Aquafluens, mournfully, "he is my -own son."</p> - -<p>"Where is he?"</p> - -<p>"You can only bring him by a charm, and if -you are not very careful, he may burst out and -kill you."</p> - -<p>"Is he so very violent?" said Jobson.</p> - -<p>"Very. His breath is scalding hot, and he is -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> -a more expensive giant than either my brother or -myself."</p> - -<p>"Must you pay him, then?" said Jobson's wife.</p> - -<p>"He will work without pay, but he needs to be -kept hot. He will not work at all unless he is -seated right on the top of blazing coals."</p> - -<p>"What a funny giant!" said Jobson's little boy. -"Does he not burn up?"</p> - -<p>"No, the hotter you make the fire the stronger -he grows, but when the fire grows cold, all his -strength seems to die."</p> - -<p>The Jobsons had a long talk over this, and -decided that they had better not have anything -to do with this strange giant. But once, when -they wanted a great deal of heavy stones carried -up the hill, they were driven to ask Aquafluens -if he would tell them the charm.</p> - -<p>"Yes," said he; "it is very simple, but you -must not be afraid."</p> - -<p>"No," said they, "we will not be afraid."</p> - -<p>"Then take a little of my blood."</p> - -<p>"Never!" said Jobson's wife.</p> - -<p>"No, you do not need to be afraid," said Aquafluens; -"you only need to take a very little."</p> - -<p>"And what must we do with it?"</p> - -<p>"You must put it into an iron pot, and then -put it on the fire."</p> - -<p>They were very loth to do this; but at last, -their need being great, they did so. They were -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> -relieved to find that the taking of his blood did -not seem to hurt the good, kind giant, and then -they put the pot on the fire, and waited to see -what would happen. After a time, they heard a -singing noise, and they began to be frightened. -At last out of the pot there came a cloudy vapor, -which rose higher and higher and higher, until it -went away. But they saw no giant.</p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 419px;"> -<img src="images/fireplace.png" width="419" height="331" alt="Fireplace" /> -</div> - -<p>So they went to Aquafluens, and told him that -the charm would not work. He asked them what -they had done, and they told him, and he said, -"But did I not tell you my son would never work -unless you put him in prison? I will give you -some more of my blood, and you must put it in -an iron pot and put the lid on, and fasten it down -tight, and then see what will happen."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 417px;"> -<img src="images/vaporifer.png" width="417" height="638" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">The Coming of Vaporifer</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p> - -<p>So they did as the good giant said. They took -some more of his blood, put it into the iron pot, -and put on a heavy lid, and fastened it on tight, -then they put it on the blazing fire, and waited. -This time they were terribly frightened, for after -a time the iron pot burst into a thousand pieces, -and blew all over the place, hurting Jobson's wife -on the head, and cutting Jobson's hand. So they -ran away frightened and told Aquafluens.</p> - -<p>"Ah," he said, "I told you my son was a -dangerous child, but he is very strong, and if you -give him nothing to do he does mischief. So you -must give him a handle to turn. If you do that, -he will not burst anything, but will turn the -handle as hard as ever you like."</p> - -<p>And they did just as the giant told them, and -they found that everything happened just so, for -the new giant, whose name was Vaporifer, was a -strong and willing worker. Up hill and down -dale made no difference to him. He could carry -and do everything they gave him to, but they -must keep him hot, and they must give him a -wheel to turn. If at any time he stopped they -had to let him get out, otherwise, if he had no -wheel to turn, and could not get out, he would -blow his prison to pieces.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p> - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 419px;"> -<img src="images/vaporifer_at_work.png" width="419" height="643" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">Vaporifer at Work</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> - -<p>Thus it came to pass that Ventosus was wanted -very little, for Jobson and his friends liked Vaporifer, -who was regular and steady in his ways, and -could be relied upon always to do what was -wanted.</p> - -<p>Aquafluens was still the most useful and the -cheapest of all the giants, but his son Vaporifer -was much stronger and more handy than his -father. Nor was there any limit to what he -could do if only they would give him plenty of -heat and always let him have a wheel to turn.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Now, then, who do you think were these three -giants? Perhaps you have already guessed from -their names, and from their description. The -first giant, Aquafluens, is the great giant of running -water, which will always run down hill, but -which comes to a standstill on level ground, and -cannot go up hill, no matter what happens. It is -this great giant which turned all the water-mills, -which ground the corn, and sawed the wood, and -did all manner of work. Ventosus, his brother, -is the wind which bloweth whither it listeth, and -sometimes, lashes the water into stormy waves. -While as to that of Vaporifer, you surely understand -that it is nothing else but steam. These -three giants are real giants who are still doing -their work day by day, and every day. There are -no servants of man who have worked so cheaply, -so untiringly, and so well.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p> - - -<div id="TRAVELLERS_WONDERS" class="fig_center" style="width: 407px;"> -<img src="images/travelers_wonders.png" width="407" height="319" alt="Travellers' Wonders" /> -</div> - - - -<h2>TRAVELLERS' WONDERS</h2> - - -<p><span class="smcap">One</span> winter's evening, as Captain Compass was -sitting by the fireside, with his children all around -him, little Jack said to him, "Papa, pray tell us -some stories about what you have seen in your -voyages. I have been vastly entertained, while -you were abroad, with Gulliver's Travels, and -the Adventures of Sinbad, the Sailor, and I -think as you have gone round and round the -world, you must have met with things as wonderful -as they did."</p> - -<p>"No, my dear," said the captain, "I never met -with Lilliputians or Brobdingnagians, I assure -you, nor ever saw the black loadstone mountains -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> -or the valley of diamonds, but, to be sure, I have -seen a great variety of people, and have noticed -their different manners and ways of living; -and if it will be any entertainment to you, I will -tell you some curious things that I have observed."</p> - - -<p>"Pray do, papa," cried Jack and all his brothers -and sisters; so they drew close round him, -and he began as follows:—</p> - -<p>"Well, then, I was once, about this time of the -year, in a country where it was very cold, and the -inhabitants had much ado to keep themselves -from starving. They were clad partly in the -skins of beasts, made smooth and soft by a particular -art, but chiefly in garments made from the -outward covering of a middle-sized quadruped -which they were so cruel as to strip off his back -when he was alive. They dwelt in habitations -part of which was sunk underground. The -materials were either stones or earth hardened -by fire; and so violent on that coast were the -showers of wind and rain that many of the roofs -were covered all over with stones. The walls of -their houses had holes to let in light, but to prevent -the cold air and wet from coming in, they -were covered by a sort of transparent stone made -artificially of melted sand or flint. As wood was -rather scarce, I know not what they would have -done for their fires had they not discovered in -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> -the bowels of the earth a very extraordinary kind -of stone which, when put among burning wood, -caught fire and flamed like a torch."</p> - -<p>"Dear me," said Jack, "what a wonderful stone! -I suppose it was like the things we call fire-stones, -that shine so when we rub them together."</p> - -<p>"I don't think they would burn," replied the -captain; "besides, these are of a darker color.</p> - -<p>"Well,—but their diet was remarkable,—some -of them ate fish that had been hung up in the -smoke till it was quite dry and hard; and along -with it they ate either the roots of plants, or a sort of -coarse black cake made of powdered seeds. These -were the poorer class. The richer had a kind of -cake which they were fond of daubing over with a -greasy matter, that was the product of a large -animal which lived among them. This grease -they used, too, in almost all their dishes, and -when fresh it really was not unpalatable. They -likewise devoured the flesh of many birds and -beasts when they could get it; and ate the leaves -and other parts of a number of kinds of vegetables -growing in the country, some absolutely -raw, others variously prepared by the aid of fire. -Another great article of food was the curd of milk, -pressed into a hard mass and salted. It had so -rank a smell that often persons of weak stomachs -could not bear to come near it. For drink -they made great use of the water in which certain -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> -dry leaves had been steeped. These leaves, -I was told, came from a great distance. They had -likewise a method of preparing a liquor of the -seeds of a grass-like plant steeped in water, with -the addition of a bitter herb, and then set to work -or ferment. I was prevailed upon to taste it, and -thought it at first nauseous enough, but in time -I liked it pretty well. When a large quantity of -the mixture is used, it becomes perfectly intoxicating. -But what astonished me most was their -use of a liquor so excessively hot and pungent -that it seems like liquid fire. I once got a mouthful -of it by mistake, taking it for water, which it -resembles in appearance, but I thought it would -instantly have taken away my breath. Indeed, -people are not infrequently killed by it; and yet -many of them will swallow it greedily, whenever -they can get it. This, too, is said to be prepared -from the seeds above mentioned, which are harmless -and even valuable in their natural state, -though made to yield such a pernicious juice. -The strangest custom that I believe prevails in -any nation, I found here, which was that some -take a mighty pleasure in filling their mouths -full of smoke; and others in thrusting a nasty -powder up their nostrils."</p> - -<p>"I should think it would choke them," said -Jack.</p> - -<p>"It almost did me," answered his father, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> -"only to stand by while they did it—but use, -it is truly said, is second nature.</p> - -<p>"I was glad enough to leave this cold climate; -and about half a year after I fell in with -a people enjoying a delicious temperature and a -country full of beauty and verdure. The trees -and shrubs were furnished with a great variety -of fruits which, with other vegetable products, -constituted a large part of the food of the inhabitants. -I particularly relished certain berries growing -in bunches, some white and some red, of a -very pleasant sourish taste, and so transparent -that one might see the seeds at their very centre. -There were whole fields full of odoriferous flowers, -which they told me were succeeded by pods bearing -seeds that afforded good nourishment to man -and beast. A great variety of birds enlivened the -groves and woods, among which I was greatly -entertained by one that without any teaching -spoke almost as articulately as a parrot, though -it was only the repetition of a single word. The -people were gentle and civilized, and possessed -many of the arts of life. Their dress was very -various. Many were clad only in a thin cloth -made of the long fibres of the stalk of a plant -cultivated for the purpose, which they prepared -by soaking in water and then beating with large -mallets. Men wore cloth woven from a sort of -vegetable wool, growing in pods upon bushes. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> -But the most singular material was a fine -glossy stuff, used chiefly by the richer classes, -which, as I was credibly informed, is manufactured -out of the webs of caterpillars—a most wonderful -circumstance, if we consider the immense -number of caterpillars necessary to the production -of so large a quantity of stuff as I saw used. -The people are very fantastic in their dress, -especially the women, whose apparel consists of a -great number of articles impossible to be described, -and strangely disguising the form of the body. In -some instances they seem very cleanly, but in other -cases the Hottentots can scarce go beyond them, -particularly in the management of their hair, which -is all matted and stiffened by the fat of swine and -other animals mixed up with powders of various -colors and ingredients. Like most Indian nations, -they wear feathers in their headdress. One thing -surprised me much, which was, that they bring -up in their homes an animal of the tiger kind, with -formidable teeth and claws, which, notwithstanding -its natural ferocity, is played with and caressed by -the most timid and delicate of their women."</p> - -<div class="fig_left" style="width: 176px;"> -<img src="images/odd_items.png" width="176" height="656" alt="Odd Items" /> -</div> - -<p>"I am sure I would not play with it," said Jack.</p> - -<p>"Why, you might get an ugly scratch with it -if you did," said the captain.</p> - -<p>"The language of this nation seems very harsh -and unintelligible to a foreigner, yet they converse -with one another with great ease and quickness. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> -One of the oddest customs -is that which men use on -saluting each other. Let -the weather be what it will, -they uncover their heads -and remain uncovered for -some time if they mean to -be extraordinarily respectful."</p> - -<p>"Why, that's like pulling -off our hats," said Jack.</p> - -<p>"Ah, ha! papa," cried -Betsy, "I have found you -out. You have been telling -us of our own country, and -what is done at home, all -the while."</p> - -<p>"But," said Jack, "we -don't burn stones, or eat -grease and powdered seeds, -or wear skins and caterpillar's webs, or play with -tigers."</p> - -<p>"No?" said the captain. -"Pray, what are coals but -stones; and is not butter -grease; and corn, seeds; -and leather, skins; and silk, -the web of a kind of caterpillar? -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> -and may we not as well call a cat an animal -of the tiger kind, as a tiger an animal of the -cat kind?</p> - -<p>"So if you recall what I have been describing, -you will find, with Betsy's help, that all the other -wonderful things I have told you of are matters -familiar among ourselves. But I meant to show -you that a foreigner might easily represent everything -as equally strange and wonderful among us -as we could do with respect to his country; and -also to make you sensible that we daily call a -great many things by their names without ever -inquiring into their nature and properties; so -that in reality it is only their manners and not the -things themselves with which we are acquainted."</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p> - -<div id="A_CURIOUS_INSTRUMENT" class="fig_center" style="width: 420px;"> -<img src="images/curious_instrument.png" width="420" height="638" alt="" /> -<div class="fig_caption"><span class="smcap">A Curious Instrument</span></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2>A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT</h2> - - -<p><span class="smcap">A gentleman</span>, just returned from a journey to -London, was surrounded by his children eager, -after the first salutations were over, to hear the -news; and still more eager to see the contents of -a small portmanteau, which were one by one -carefully unfolded and displayed to view. After -distributing among them a few small presents, -the father took his seat again, saying that he -must confess he had brought from town, for his -own use, something far more curious and valuable -than any of the little gifts they had received. -It was, he said, too good to present to any of -them; but he would, if they pleased, first give -them a brief description of it, and then perhaps -they might be allowed to inspect it.</p> - -<p>The children were accordingly all attention, -while the father thus proceeded: "This small -instrument is made in the most perfect and wonderful -way, and everything about it is very delicate -and beautiful. Because of its extreme delicacy -it is so liable to injury that a sort of light -curtain, adorned with a beautiful fringe, is always -provided, and so placed as to fall in a moment on -the approach of the slightest danger. Its external -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> -appearance is always more or less beautiful, -although in this respect there is a great diversity -in the different sorts. If you should examine the -inside you would find them all alike, but it is so -curious, and its powers so truly astonishing, that -no one who considers it can suppress his surprise -and admiration. By a slight and momentary -movement, which is easily made by the person it -belongs to, you can ascertain with considerable -accuracy the size, color, shape, weight, and value -of any article whatever. A person having one is -thus saved from the necessity of asking a thousand -questions, and trying a variety of troublesome -experiments, which would otherwise be -necessary; and such a slow and laborious process -would, after all, not succeed half so well as a -single trial of this very useful article."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "If they are such very useful things I -wonder that everybody, who can at all afford it, -does not have one."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "They are not so uncommon as you -may suppose; I myself happen to know several -individuals who possess one or two of them."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles.</span> "How large is it, Father? Could I -hold it in my hand?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "You might; but I should not like to -trust mine with you!"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "You will be obliged to take very -great care of it, then?"</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "Indeed I must: I intend every night -to enclose it within the small screen I mentioned; -and it must besides be washed occasionally in a -certain colorless fluid kept for the purpose. But, -notwithstanding the tenderness of this instrument, -you will be surprised to hear that its power -may be darted to a great distance, without the -least injury, and without any danger of losing it."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles.</span> "Indeed! and how high can you dart -it?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "I should be afraid of telling you to -what a distance it will reach, lest you should think -I am jesting with you."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "Higher than this house, I suppose?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "Much higher."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles.</span> "Then how do you get it again?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "It is easily cast down by a gentle -movement, that does it no injury."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "But who can do this?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "The person whose business it is to -take care of it."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles.</span> "Well, I cannot understand you at -all; but do tell us. Father, what it is chiefly used -for."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "Its uses are so various that I know -not which to specify. It has been found very serviceable -in deciphering old manuscripts, and, indeed, -has its use in modern prints. It will assist -us greatly in acquiring all kinds of knowledge; -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> -and without it some of the most wonderful things -in the world would never have been known. It -must be confessed, however, that very much depends -on a proper application of it, since it is -possessed by many persons who appear not to -know what it is worth, but who employ it only -for the most low and common purposes without -even thinking, apparently, of the noble uses for -which it is designed, or of the great joy it is capable -of affording. It is, indeed, in order to have -you fully appreciate its value that I am giving -you this description."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "Well, then, tell us something more -about it."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "It is very penetrating, and can often -discover secrets which could be detected by no -other means. It must be said, however, that it -is equally prone to reveal them."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles.</span> "What! can it speak, then?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "It is sometimes said to do so, especially -when it happens to meet with one of its own -kind."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "What color are these strange -things?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "They vary considerably in this respect."</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "What color is yours?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "I believe of a darkish color, but, to -confess the truth, I never saw it in my life."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Both.</span> "Never saw it in your life!"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "No, nor do I wish to; but I have -seen a reflection of it, which is so exact that my -curiosity is quite satisfied."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "But why don't you look at the thing -itself?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "I should be in great danger of losing -it if I did."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles.</span> "Then you could buy another."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "Nay, I believe I could not prevail -upon my body to part with it."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George.</span> "Then how did you get this one?"</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "I am so fortunate as to have more -than one; but how I got them I really cannot -recollect."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles.</span> "Not recollect! why, you said you -brought them from London to-night."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "So I did; I should be sorry if I had -left them behind me."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles.</span> "Tell, Father, do tell us the name of -this curious instrument."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Father.</span> "It is called—an EYE."</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span></p> - - - - -<h2><a name="NOTE" id="NOTE">NOTE</a></h2> - - -<p>The first of these stories is reprinted from the well-known -"Evenings at Home, or the Family Budget -Newly Opened," by Dr. John Aiken and his sister Mrs. -Barbauld, which is a survival from a very dreary period -in the history of books for children. Except lesson -books, books of manners, morals, and religion, the printing -press had done little for youth until about the middle -of the eighteenth century, and for long years after that -no book was thought to be suitable for children's reading -unless it contained many pills of information and so-called -"useful knowledge," gilded over with more or -less of fancy and imagination. These books were generally -of the driest and most uninteresting character, but -Dr. Aiken and his sister Mrs. Barbauld were among the -two or three writers who succeeded in making their stories -more vivid and real, and their men, women, and children -seem more like actual living people, than did most -of their contemporaries. There is a human interest in -some of their stories which has charmed each successive -generation of men and women that has come upon the -scene since they were written, and unless the child-mind -changes very much, will continue to do so for many -generations to come.<a name="FNanchor_5" id="FNanchor_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5" id="Footnote_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> Dr. Aiken was born in London in 1757, and Mrs. Barbauld in 1743. -The former died in 1822, and the latter in 1825.</p></div> - -<p>There are many walks in our vast country quite as -full of interest in sights and sounds as that over Broom -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> -Heath, "among the green meads by the side of the -river," and there are many boys who go through them -in just the same way as William and Robert took their -walk. Let our Roberts take a lesson from our Williams, -and our Williams go on cultivating the habit of observing -and remembering what they see.</p> - -<p>Professor Archibald Geikie, in his work on the -"Teaching of Geography," page 54, makes the following -interesting remarks as to the pedagogical value of -the story of "Eyes and No Eyes":—</p> - -<p>"It is worth a thousand educational treatises. Never -shall I forget the impression it made on me when, as a -young boy, I first came upon it. Every step of William's -walk was to me a subject of engrossing interest; -I tried myself to make similar observations, and was -delighted in particular to recognize the movements of a -lapwing in a succeeding country ramble. To this day, -such is the permanence of early associations, the swoop -and scream of that bird overhead brings back to me -these first impressions of boyhood, and reminds me of -my lifelong debt to the 'Evenings at Home.' The story -ought not only to be known to the teacher; he should -make it thoroughly familiar to his pupils as soon as they -are of an age to understand and enjoy it.</p> - -<p>"The contrast between the two boys in this story is -one which may be found in every schoolroom. Unless -a teacher actually tries the experiment, he can scarcely -imagine the extraordinary differences in power of observation, -not so much between clever and dull pupils, -for that might be looked for, as among those who are -bright and forward in the general work of the school. -Of two clever boys, the one who has the quicker perception -of things around him is more likely to succeed in -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> -life. But the chances of the other may be vastly improved -by early training. And it is this training, so -little provided for by the ordinary school work, that the -teacher should do all in his power to secure."</p> - -<p>Charles Kingsley says: "When we were good, a long -time ago, we used to have a jolly old book called 'Evenings -at Home' in which was a great story called 'Eyes -and No Eyes,' and that story was of more use to me -than any dozen other stories I ever read;" and what -Oliver Wendell Holmes thought of the story is printed -at the beginning of the book.</p> - -<p>To turn to the other stories in the book, "The Three -Giants" is from "Tales of Political Economy," by Mrs. -Marcet (1769-1858), and has long been a favorite with -children. Slight changes have been made in order to -simplify it, and to confine the attention solely to the -leading idea. "Travellers' Wonders" is also from -"Evenings at Home," and in reading it one might -almost imagine Captain Compass was thinking of a -visit to the United States when he unfolded his budget -of wonders to his listening family. "A Curious Instrument" -is by Jane Taylor (1783-1824), who wrote many -books for children in conjunction with her sister Ann. -The sisters are best known, perhaps, by their "Original -Poems" and "Hymns for Infant Minds."</p> - - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="transnotes"> - -<p class="caption2">Transcriber Note</p> - -<p>Minor typos were corrected. Text was moved to prevent images splitting -paragraphs. The page numbers for <span class="smcap">The Coming of Vaporifer</span> and <span class="smcap">Vaporifer -at Work</span> in the <a href="#ILLUSTRATIONS">Illustrations</a> listing have been corrected. -The footnotes were standardized by placing lettered anchors in the associated text.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Eyes and No Eyes, and Other Stories, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EYES AND NO EYES *** - -***** This file should be named 63850-h.htm or 63850-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/8/5/63850/ - -Produced by Tom Cosmas from files made available at The -Internet Archive. - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Eyes and No Eyes, and Other Stories - -Author: Various - -Editor: Michael Vincent O'Shea - -Release Date: November 22, 2020 [EBook #63850] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EYES AND NO EYES *** - - - - -Produced by Tom Cosmas from files made available at The -Internet Archive. - - - - - - - - - - -Transcriber Note: - -Text emphasis denoted as _Italics_. - - - - -[Illustration: Broom Heath] - - - _HEATH SUPPLEMENTARY READERS_ - - - - - EYES AND NO EYES - - AND OTHER STORIES - - - Edited with Introduction and Notes - - _By_ M. V. O'SHEA - - PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - - [Illustration] - - - D. C. HEATH AND COMPANY - - BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO ATLANTA - - DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO LONDON - - - Copyright, 1900, - By D. C. Heath & Co. - Printed in U. S. A. - 3F0 - -Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, in "Over the Teacups," says of the story -"Eyes and No Eyes":-- - -"I have never seen anything of the kind half so good. I advise you, -if you are a child anywhere under forty-five, and do not yet wear -glasses, to send at once for "Evenings at Home," and read that story. -For myself I am always grateful to the writer of it for calling my -attention to common things." - - - - -PREFACE - - -Whatever will stimulate the observing tendencies of the young cannot -but be of value to them. "Eyes and No Eyes" does this in a delightful -way. The story is so natural that the child is wrapped up in it, and -so it makes a deep impress upon him. Much less could be accomplished -by simply telling him to observe, or lecturing upon the value of -keeping one's eyes open. But when the reader sees how much more -William gets out of his walk than Robert, and what marvellous things -exist everywhere if one is on the lookout for them, he is himself -incited to examine with greater care the many more or less ordinary -things he has neglected heretofore. William and Robert become very -real individuals to the child, and there is no doubt which of them he -will choose to emulate. The author relies upon the force of concrete -example to determine the conduct of children, and this is certainly -sound in theory and endorsed by experience. - -The story is told in a very agreeable style, which is at once -attractive and affords a good model for imitation. The dialogue gives -an opportunity to present information without its seeming dry and -didactic. - -"The Three Giants" cannot be too highly commended. I find children -are greatly interested in it, and they get a valuable lesson which -they could not gain quite so well in any other form. The story has -that literary touch which marks it as of permanent value. - -The story of "A Curious Instrument" will offer the child a good -chance to try his imaginative wings, so to speak, and will also -afford him a useful lesson. It cannot but be desirable for the young -to begin early to think upon the wonderful construction of the human -body, although they must not be carried into the detailed anatomy too -far. The child must rather be led to see how marvellously efficient -the various organs of his body are, and what they accomplish to -promote his welfare. The object here indicated is attained very -well in this story; the child's curiosity is greatly stimulated to -find out what the wonderful instrument can be, and this leads him -to appreciate the uses to which it may be put. In this way he gains -useful knowledge while being pleasantly entertained. - -"Travellers' Wonders" will excite hardly less curiosity in the reader -than "A Curious Instrument." He marvels that any people can do as -they are said to in the story; and when he discovers that they dwell -all about him, it is a revelation to him. He usually does not think -upon these familiar topics; he takes them all as matters of course. -But it is a good thing for him to view them in another light once -in a while; and there could hardly be any more effective means of -getting him to do this than is illustrated in this selection. Formal -lessons do not get the hold upon the child that a dramatic story -of this sort does,--one that sets him to solving a puzzle. There -is really no exercise that so stimulates the mind of the young as -something of the puzzle character; and when the outcome of the puzzle -is profitable, it makes a valuable method of teaching. - - M. V. O'SHEA - - University of Wisconsin - - - - -CONTENTS - - - PAGE - - PREFACE V - - EYES AND NO EYES; or, The Art of Seeing 1 - From Aiken and Barbauld's "Evenings at Home" - - THE THREE GIANTS 22 - By Mrs. Marcet - - TRAVELLERS' WONDERS 50 - From Aiken and Barbauld's "Evenings at Home" - - A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT 59 - By Jane Taylor - - NOTE 64 - - - - -ILLUSTRATIONS - - Broom Heath _Frontispiece_ - - View and Plan of Roman Camp 8 - - It was a Large Water-rat 10 - - The Three Giants at Work 21 - - Aquafluens 34 - - Ventosus 41 - - The Coming of Vaporifer 46 - - Vaporifer at Work 48 - - A Curious Instrument 58 - - AND TWENTY-SIX SMALLER ONES IN THE TEXT - - - - -[Illustration] - - - - -EYES AND NO EYES - -OR, THE ART OF SEEING - - -"Well, Robert, where have you been walking this afternoon?" said Mr. -Andrews, to one of his pupils at the close of a holiday. - -Robert. "I have been, sir, to Broom Heath, and so around by the -windmill upon Camp Mount, and home through the meadows by the -riverside." - -Mr. A. "Well, that's a pleasant round." - -Robert. "I thought it very dull, sir; I scarcely met with a single -person. I had rather by half have gone along the turnpike road." - -Mr. A. "Why, if seeing men and horses is your object, you would -indeed be better entertained upon the high road. But did you see -William?" - -Robert. "We set out together, but he lagged behind in the lane, so I -walked on and left him." - -Mr. A. "That was a pity. He would have been company for you." - -Robert. "Oh, he is so tedious, always stopping to look at this thing -and that. I had rather walk alone. I dare say he is not home yet." - -Mr. A. "Here he comes. Well, William, where have you been?" - -[Illustration] - -William. "Oh, sir, the pleasantest walk! I went all over Broom Heath, -and so up to the mill at the top of the hill, and then down among -the green meadows by the side of the river." - -Mr. A. "Why, that is just the round Robert has been taking, and he -complains of its dullness, and prefers the high road." - -William. "I wonder at that. I am sure I hardly took a step that -did not delight me, and I brought home my handkerchief full of -curiosities." - -Mr. A. "Suppose, then, you give us some account of what amused you so -much. I fancy it will be as new to Robert as to me." - -William. "I will, sir. The lane leading to the heath, you know, is -close and sandy, so I did not mind it much, but made the best of my -way. However, I spied a curious thing enough in the hedge. It was an -old crab-tree, out of which grew a great bunch of something green, -quite different from the tree itself. Here is a branch of it." - -[Illustration] - -Mr. A. "Ah! this is mistletoe, a plant of great fame for the use made -of it by the Druids of old in their religious rites and incantations. -It bears a very slimy white berry, of which birdlime may be made. -It is one of those plants which do not grow in the ground by a -root of their own, but fix themselves upon other plants, whence -they have been humorously styled parasitical, as being hangers-on -or dependants. It was the mistletoe of the oak that the Druids -particularly honored." - -William. "A little farther on I saw a green woodpecker fly to a tree -and run up the trunk like a cat." - -[Illustration] - -Mr. A. "That was to seek for insects in the bark, on which they live. -They bore holes with their strong bills for that purpose, and do much -damage to the trees by it." - -William. "What beautiful birds they are!" - -Mr. A. "Yes; they have been called, from their color and size, the -English parrot." - -William. "When I got upon the open heath, how charming it was! The -air seemed so fresh, and the prospect on every side so free and -unbounded! Then it was all covered with gay flowers, many of which I -had never observed before. There were at least three kinds of heath -(I have got them in my handkerchief here), and gorse, and broom, -and bell-flower, and many others of all colors, that I will beg you -presently to tell me the names of." - -Mr. A. "That I will readily." - -[Illustration: Wheatear] - -William. "I saw, too, several birds that were new to me. There was -a pretty grayish one, of the size of a lark, that was hopping about -some great stones; and when he flew he showed a great deal of white -above his tail." - -Mr. A. "That was a wheatear. They are reckoned very delicious -birds to eat, and frequent the open downs in Sussex, and some other -counties, in great numbers." - -William. "There was a flock of lapwings upon a marshy part of the -heath that amused me much. As I came near them, some of them kept -flying round and round just over my head, and crying 'pewit' so -distinctly one might fancy they almost spoke. I thought I should have -caught one of them, for he flew as if one of his wings was broken, -and often tumbled close to the ground; but, as I came near, he always -made a shift to get away." - -[Illustration: Lapwing] - -Mr. A. "Ha, ha! you were finely taken in, then! This was all an -artifice of the bird's to entice you away from its nest; for they -build upon the bare ground, and their nests would easily be observed, -did they not draw off the attention of intruders by their loud cries -and counterfeit lameness." - -[Illustration] - -William. "I wish I had known that, for he led me a long chase, often -over shoes in water. However, it was the cause of my falling in with -an old man and a boy who were cutting and piling up turf for fuel, -and I had a good deal of talk with them about the manner of preparing -the turf, and the price at which it sells. They gave me, too, a -creature I never saw before,--a young viper which they had just -killed, together with its dam. I have seen several common snakes, but -this is thicker in proportion and of a darker color than they are." - -[Illustration: Remains of a Roman Camp at Silchester, England] - -[Illustration] - -Mr. A. "True, vipers frequent those turfy, boggy grounds and I have -known several turf-cutters bitten by them." - -William. "They are very venomous, are they not?" - -Mr. A. "Enough so to make their wounds painful and dangerous, though -they seldom prove fatal." - -William. "Well, I then took my course up to the windmill on the -mount. I climbed up the steps of the mill in order to get a better -view of the country round. What an extensive prospect! I counted -fifteen church steeples, and I saw several gentlemen's houses peeping -out from the midst of green woods and plantations; and I could trace -the windings of the river all along the low grounds, till it was lost -behind a ridge of hills. But I'll tell you what I mean to do, sir, if -you will give me leave." - -Mr. A. "What is that?" - -William. "I will go again, and take with me Carey's country map, by -which I shall probably be able to make out most of the places." - -Mr. A. "You shall have it, and I will go with you, and take my pocket -spying-glass." - -William. "I shall be very glad of that. Well, a thought struck me, -that as the hill is called Camp Mount, there might probably be some -remains of ditches and mounds with which I have read that camps were -surrounded. And I really believe I discovered something of that sort -running round one side of the mount." - -[Illustration: It was a Large Water-rat] - -Mr. A. "Very likely you might. I know antiquaries have described such -remains as existing there, which some suppose to be Roman, others -Danish. We will examine them further when we go." - -William. "From the hill I went straight down to the meadows below, -and walked on the side of a brook that runs into the river. It was -all bordered with reeds and flags and tall flowering plants, quite -different from those I had seen on the heath. As I was getting down -the bank to reach one of them, I heard something plunge into the -water near me. It was a large water-rat, and I saw it swim over to -the other side, and go into its hole. There were a great many large -dragon-flies all about the stream. I caught one of the finest, and -have him here in a leaf. But how I longed to catch a bird that I saw -hovering over the water, and every now and then darting down into -it! It was all over a mixture of the most beautiful green and blue, -with some orange color. It was somewhat less than a thrush, and had a -large head and bill, and a short tail." - -Mr. A. "I can tell you what that bird was--a kingfisher, the -celebrated halcyon[A] of the ancients, about which so many tales are -told. It lives on fish, which it catches in the manner you saw. It -builds in holes in the banks, and is a shy, retired bird, never to be -seen far from the stream where it lives." - -[A] _Halcyon_: the halcyon was said to lay her eggs in a nest built -on the sea during calm weather. Hence, halcyon days,--"days of -repose." - -[Illustration: Kingfishers] - -William. "I must try to get another sight at him, for I never saw -a bird that pleased me so much. Well, I followed this little brook -till it entered the river, and then took the path that runs along the -bank. On the opposite side I observed several little birds running -along the shore, and making a piping noise. They were brown and -white, and about as big as a snipe." - -Mr. A. "I suppose they were sand-pipers, one of the numerous family -of birds that get their living by wading among the shallows, and -picking up worms and insects." - -William. "There were a great many swallows, too, sporting upon -the surface of the water, that entertained me with their motions. -Sometimes they dashed into the stream; sometimes they pursued one -another so quick, that the eye could scarcely follow them. In one -place, where a high, steep sandbank rose directly above the river, I -observed many of them go in and out of holes with which the bank was -bored full." - -[Illustration] - -Mr. A. "Those were sand-martins, the smallest of our species of -swallows. They are of a mouse-color above, and white beneath. They -make their nests and bring up their young in these holes, which run a -great depth, and by their situation are secure from all plunderers." - -[Illustration: Swallow] - -William. "A little farther on I saw a man in a boat, who was catching -eels in an odd way. He had a long pole with broad iron prongs at -the end, just like Neptune's trident, only there were five instead -of three. This he pushed straight down among the mud in the deepest -parts of the river, and fetched up the eels sticking between the -prongs."[B] - -[Illustration] - -[B] _Neptune:_ the god of the sea, always represented with the -trident or three-pronged fork, anciently used by fishermen. - -Mr. A. "I have seen this method: it is called the spearing of eels." - -William. "While I was looking at him a heron came flying over my -head, with his large flapping wings. He lit at the next turn of the -river, and I crept softly behind the bank to watch his motions. He -had waded into the water as far as his long legs would carry him, -and was standing with his neck drawn in, looking intently on the -stream. Presently he darted his long bill as quick as lightning into -the water, and drew out a fish, which he swallowed. I saw him catch -another in the same manner. He then took alarm at some noise I made, -and flew away slowly to a wood at some distance, where he alighted." - -[Illustration] - -Mr. A. "Probably his nest was there, for herons build upon the -loftiest trees they can find, and sometimes in society together, like -rooks. Formerly, when these birds were valued for the amusement of -hawking,[C] many gentlemen had their heronries, and a few are still -remaining." - -[C] _Hawking:_ catching birds by means of trained hawks. - -William. "I think they are the largest wild birds we have." - -Mr. A. "They are of a great length and spread of wing, but their -bodies are comparatively small." - -[Illustration: Heron] - -William. "I then turned homeward across the meadows, where I stopped -awhile to look at a large flock of starlings, which kept flying about -at no great distance. I could not tell at first what to make of them, -for they rose all together from the ground as thick as a swarm of -bees, and formed themselves into a kind of black cloud, hovering -over the field. After taking a short round they settled again, and -presently rose once more in the same manner. I dare say there were -hundreds of them." - -[Illustration: Starling] - -Mr. A. "Perhaps so; for in the fenny countries their flocks are -so numerous that they break down whole acres of reeds by settling -on them. This disposition of starlings to fly in close swarms was -observed even by Homer, who compares the foe flying from one of his -heroes to a cloud of starlings retiring dismayed at the approach of -the hawk." - -William. "After I had left the meadows, I crossed the corn-fields on -the way to our house, and passed close by a deep marl-pit. Looking -into it I saw in one of the sides a cluster of what I took to be -shells, and, upon going down, I picked up a clod of marl, which was -quite full of them; but how sea-shells could get there, I cannot -imagine." - -[Illustration] - -Mr. A. "I do not wonder at your surprise, since many philosophers -have been much perplexed to account for the same appearance. It is -not uncommon to find great quantities of shells and relics of marine -animals even in the bowels of high mountains, very remote from the -sea. They are certainly proofs that the earth was once in a very -different state from what it is at present. When you study geology -you will know more on this subject." - -William. "I got to the high field next our house, just as the sun -was setting, and I stood looking at it till it was quite lost. What -a glorious sight! The clouds were tinged with purple and crimson and -yellow of all shades and hues, and the clear sky varied from blue to -a fine green at the horizon. But how large the sun appears just as it -sets! I think it seems twice as big as when it is overhead." - -Mr. A. "It does so; and you may probably have observed the same -apparent enlargement of the moon at its rising." - -William. "I have; but pray what is the reason of this?" - -Mr. A. "It is an optical deception, depending upon principles which -I cannot well explain to you till you know more of that branch of -science. But what a number of new ideas this afternoon's walk has -afforded you! I do not wonder that you found it amusing; it has been -very instructive, too. Did you see nothing of all these sights, -Robert?" - -Robert. "I saw some of them, but I did not take particular notice of -them." - -Mr. A. "Why not?" - -Robert. "I don't know. I did not care about them, and I made the best -of my way home." - -Mr. A. "That would have been right if you had been sent with a -message; but as you only walked for amusement, it would have been -wiser to have sought out as many sources of it as possible. But so it -is one person walks through the world with his eyes open, and another -with them shut; and upon this difference depends all the superiority -of knowledge the one acquires above the other. I have known sailors -who had been in all the quarters of the world, and could tell you -nothing but the signs of the tippling-houses they frequented in the -different ports, and the price and quality of the liquor. On the -other hand, a Franklin could not cross the Channel,[D] without -making some observations useful to mankind. While many a vacant, -thoughtless youth is whirled throughout Europe without gaining a -single idea worth crossing a street for, the observing eye and -inquiring mind find matter of improvement and delight in every ramble -in town or country. Do you, then, William, continue to make use of -your eyes; and you, Robert, learn that eyes were given you to use." - -[D] _The English Channel:_ the shortest sea trip by which it is -possible to leave England. It divides that country from France. - - - - - -[Illustration: The Three Giants at Work] - - - - -THE THREE GIANTS - - -[Illustration] - -Once upon a time, a poor man who had a large family left England to -go and see if he could find a better living for himself across the -seas. There were many others on board the ship, and for a time all -went well; but when they were nearing the end of their journey, a -great storm arose. The winds blew, the waves rose and roared, and -broke upon the ship; and at last they were very glad to be able to -let her drift aground on the nearest land, which they found to be an -island on which no one was living. - -They all got safely to shore; and as the ship was broken up by the -wind and the waves, they were able to get many planks, and nails, and -other useful things from the ship, and from its cargo, with which -they built themselves houses, made spades and ploughs, so that they -were not so badly off after all. They had plenty of corn to last -them until they could grow some more, and for a time all went well. -But after they had got a good crop of corn, they had to grind it -into flour, and this took a long time. There were no flour-mills on -the island, and John Jobson--for that was the name of the laboring -man--had to spend hours every day grinding the grain into flour for -his wife and family to eat. - -One day, after he had been grinding until his back ached and his arms -were very tired, he began to be in despair. If it took him so much -time grinding his grain, he would have no time left to look after the -little farm which he had laid out. His little boys, although they had -great appetites and ate as much bread as their mother could make out -of the flour which their father ground between the two millstones, -were not strong enough to help him. All the other settlers were just -in the same position. They had no machines to do any work for them. -Everything had to be done with their hands. There were no people to -hire as servants; and if there had been, they could not have paid -them any wages, for they were poor and had no money. So Jobson -became very down-hearted, and not knowing what to do, thought he -would take a stroll in the country and think over things. - -He climbed up some rising ground, and walked a long way among the -hills, wondering what on earth he should do if he could get no help. -He was going up a little valley, which turned suddenly, and there -to his great astonishment he saw a monstrous Giant. He was terribly -scared, and would have run away as hard as he possibly could, but on -taking a second look at the giant he saw that he was asleep. Jobson -looked again, and wondered at the immense size of the giant. He could -hardly see to the end of him, and he saw that he was enormously -strong; yet he looked so harmless and good-humored, that Jobson stood -gazing on him till his fear was nearly over. He was clad in a robe of -dazzling brightness where the sun shone upon it, but the greater part -was shaded by the trees; and it reflected all their different colors, -which made it look like a green changing silk. As Jobson stood, lost -in amazement, the giant opened his eyes, and turned towards him with -a good-humored smile. - -As soon as Jobson saw him open his eyes he started to run again, -feeling sure that he could have no chance if so huge a giant were to -catch him; but as he ran the giant spoke. He was still lying down on -his back in the grass, and his voice was gentle and kind. - -"Do not be afraid," he said. "I will do you no harm." - -"But you are so big," said Jobson, looking timidly at the giant, and -making ready to run the moment the giant stirred. - -But the giant did not stir. He said, "Yes, I am very strong and very -big, but I will do you no harm." - -As he still lay and smiled kindly, Jobson came nearer to him, and at -last all fear began to leave him. Then he asked the giant who he was. - -"My name," said the giant, "is Aquafluens." - -"And where do you live?" said Jobson. - -"I live in the island. I have always lived here, long before you -came." - -"Then does it belong to you?" said Jobson, fearing that the giant -might treat him as a trespasser. - -"I do not know," said the giant. "What does 'belong' mean?" - -Jobson thought it was a queer question, but said nothing. Then Jobson -began to think whether it might be possible to get this good-natured -giant, who seemed so strong, to help him in his work. "Do you ever -work?" he said to the giant. - -"Oh yes," said he; "I can work if you will set me work to do. I like -it. All work is play to me." - -Then Jobson's heart was glad within him, and he thought to himself, -"Here is one who could grind all my corn with his little finger, but -dare I ask him?" So he thought for a time, and then he said, "You -said you would work for any one?" - -"Yes," said Aquafluens, gently, "for any one who will teach me to -work." - -"Then," said Jobson, "would you work for me?" - -"Yes," said the giant; "if you will teach me." - -"But what wages must I pay you?" asked Jobson. - -Then the giant laughed, and said, "What queer words you use. You say -'belong.' What does 'belong' mean? I do not know. You say 'wages.' -What are 'wages'? I have never heard of them." - -At this Jobson thought the giant must be mad, and he was a little -afraid; then again he thought to himself, "Perhaps he is not mad, but -only weak in his head. Giants, they say, are often not very wise." So -he tried to explain. "What shall I give you if you work for me?" - -"Give me?" said the giant; "what a joke! You need give me nothing, I -will work for you for love." - -Then Jobson could hardly believe his ears, but he thought he would -go home at once and tell his wife the good news, that he had got a -great, strong giant who would work for him for nothing. - -"Where are you going?" said the giant. - -"I am going home to tell my wife." - -"Had you not better let me carry you?" said the giant. - -Then Jobson was frightened in his heart. "Perhaps if I say yes the -giant will swallow me alive." But he did not tell him so. - -"How can you carry me?" said he. - -"I can carry you any way you like," said the giant, "so long as the -road goes down hill." - -"Oh, it is down hill all the way!" said Jobson. - -"Then," said he, "you must get upon my back, and I will carry you -there as quick as you like." - -Jobson was afraid, for when he came to look at the giant's back, and -put his hand upon it, it sank right in; then he saw that the skin was -so soft that, when you pressed upon it, it gave way under your hand, -or your foot, and you seemed to sink right into the giant's back. -So Jobson was terrified, and screamed as he pulled his hand out of -the hole that he had made in the giant; but to his surprise the hole -closed up, just as if he had never thrust his hand in. But his hand -was wet with the giant's blood. It was such queer blood; it was quite -cold, and it had no color. - -Then the giant said, "That will never do, for you are so small and so -heavy for your little size, that you would sink into me if you tried -to sit on my back." - -"But what can I do?" said Jobson. The giant took a tree-trunk which -was lying close at hand, and put it on his shoulder. "Now," said he, -"jump onto this trunk, and I will carry you safely." - -[Illustration] - -Jobson was very frightened when he sat on the log, for he thought -nothing would be more likely than for the log and himself to sink -out of sight in the giant's body, but he soon found that although -the log sank in a little way, it did not sink in far enough for him -to touch the giant's body with his feet. He was very glad, for he -felt all wet and cold where his arm seemed to have gone through the -giant's skin. "You had better have a pole with you to steady yourself -with." Jobson picked up a long stick, and climbed up once more onto -the giant's shoulders, where the great log lay; he seated himself, -and waited with terror for the giant's movement. He thought that if -he had seven-league boots he might throw him up into the air. He -would fall off, he was sure; but, to his great surprise, the giant -neither jumped, nor stepped, nor ran; he seemed in the strangest way -to glide, without making any noise, down the valley, across the hill -to the place where his cottage stood. When they came within sight of -the cottage his wife and children were standing on a little hillock -looking for him, and when they saw him seated on the shoulders of -this strange monster they nearly had a fit with fright. The children -ran into the house, and the wife fell at the feet of the great giant, -saying, "Have mercy on my poor husband!" But the giant laughed and -lay down on the grass: then Jobson jumped off the trunk and told his -wife of the glad news, that this was a good giant, and that he would -do all their work for them. The children came out of the house and -looked timidly at the monster, who, as soon as he had lain down, -closed his eyes and seemed to be sound asleep. - -Jobson went into the house to tell his wife all of the wonderful -story of the giant, but his wife did not seem to like the idea of -employing the giant. - -"But he will work for nothing, wife," said Jobson. - -The wife shook her head. "That is all very well," she said; "but -think of the food he will eat. He would swallow all the food we have -in the house for breakfast, and we should starve." - -The husband scratched his head, and said he had never thought of -that. "But," he said, "let us go and ask him how much food we must -give him." - -"And what drink he will want, and where will you put him up?" said -the wife. - -Jobson began to believe that his workman was not such a good bargain -after all. - -So when they drew near to the giant, he opened his eyes and asked -what was the matter. - -Jobson said they were afraid they would not be able to put him up in -their house, as he was too big to enter at the door. - -"Oh," said the giant, "that does not matter, for I never live in a -house. I will simply sleep here in the grass under the sky." - -"But," said Jobson, "we are afraid that we shall not be able to feed -you." - -"Feed me?" said the giant, laughing, with a little ripply murmur -that shook all his body. "Who asked you for any food? I never eat -anything." - -Then Jobson's wife was frightened, and said she was afraid that there -must be something uncanny about him. But Jobson went on asking:-- - -"What do you drink?" said he. - -"Only fresh water," said the giant. - -Jobson was very pleased, and looking in triumph at his wife, said to -him:-- - -"And how much work can you do in a day?" - -"As much as you like," said the giant. - -"But I mean," said he, "how many hours will you work?" - -"As many hours as there are on the face of the clock," said the giant. - -"You mean twelve," said the wife. - -"No," said the giant. "I mean all the hours that are in a day." - -"What!" said Jobson, "never stop night or day? And do you never -sleep?" - -"When I have nothing to do," said the giant, "I sleep, but as long as -you give me work I will go on working." - -"But do you never get tired?" said Jobson. - -"Tired!" said the giant, "I don't know what that is. That is another -funny word. What a queer language you speak. What is being tired?" - -Then Jobson looked at his wife and his wife looked at him, and they -said nothing for a little time. Then they asked him when he was ready -to begin. - -"At once," he said; "as soon as you have put things right for me." - -"What things?" said they. - -"I told you I can only work going down hill. If you want me to work -hard you must let me have some place that is very steep, and make a -step ladder for me to go down on. If you will fix a wheel with steps -on it, so that I can step on the steps and make the wheel go round, I -can do anything you like." - -"Could you grind corn?" said Jobson's wife. - -"I can grind stones," said the giant, laughing. - -So Jobson and his wife set about building a mill with a step wheel -for the giant. They connected a big wheel for the giant to step upon -with grindstones on the inside of the mill, so when the giant stepped -upon the wheel outside, he made the millstones inside go round and -round and grind the wheat. When it was all finished they came to the -giant and asked him if he was ready to begin. - -"Yes," he said. - -"Begin then," said Jobson. - -And the giant slowly and steadily stepped first on one step of the -wheel and then on another until it began to go round and round, and -the millstones went round and round, and so it went on until the -whole of a sack of corn was ground into flour, and still the giant -went on, and on, and on. - -"Are you not tired?" said Jobson to him. - -"I don't know what you mean," said he. - -"Well, now," said Jobson, "do you think you could get me some stones -from the quarry?" - -"Easily," said the giant. "But what have I to carry them in?" - -Then Jobson made a long box and put it upon the giant's back; but he -found that it was not so easy going, for the road was quite flat, and -over and over again the giant stopped. He could go very well down -hill, but on level ground he needed to be poked along with a long -pole which Jobson carried. When it came to the least down hill, he -went as quick as could be. This bothered Jobson a great deal, for he -saw that if the giant could only go down hill, he could not be nearly -so useful as if he could go both ways. So he spoke about it to the -giant once, and he laughed and said: "Hum! you must get my brother, -he could help me to go as quick along the level ground as I do when -I am going down hill; but even he could not make me go up hill. Is -there not plenty of work I can do without that?" - -"Certainly," said Jobson; and soon he had the giant set to work to -make all kinds of things. - -[Illustration: Aquafluens] - -When he had ground all the corn, they took away the millstones and -fixed up a saw which had come ashore from the wreck. They found that -the giant could saw wood as well as he could grind corn. They asked -him if he would bring down the trees from the hills, with which they -could make planks to floor their cottage. - -"Nothing is easier," said the giant; and when the logs came down, -he sawed them all up into planks, and soon the Jobsons were so -comfortable that they not only had enough planks for themselves, but -they had more than they wanted, so they gave them to the neighbors. -Every one was very anxious to find out if there were any more giants -in the island, because they could see that Giant Aquafluens was more -useful than twenty men. He never ate, he never slept, he only drank -cold water, and day and night he would go on working as regularly as -if he were a machine. Only, when the sun got very hot, and he could -not get any water to drink, his strength seemed to wither away, but a -good heavy shower of rain set him up in time, and then he would work -away as hard as ever. - -One day Jobson asked him where this brother of his could be found. -"You will find him usually on the hilltops," said Aquafluens; "but -occasionally he comes sweeping down, and disturbs me in the grass -where I am lying." - -"Can he do as much work as you?" - -[Illustration] - -"When he Is in the humor, but sometimes he is not; and sometimes he -gets into a frightful temper, until you think he is going to destroy -everything. He even gets me mad sometimes," said Aquafluens. - -At this Jobson was silent, and wondered greatly, for he had never -seen his good giant in a passion. He told all this to a neighbor -called Jackson, who was very anxious to have a giant of his own; and -no sooner did he hear that the stormy-tempered brother of Aquafluens -lived on the hilltops, than he went out into the mountains to see if -he could find him. - -At length, one day, Jackson, climbing a high rock, saw a magnificent -figure seated upon the summit. He could scarcely distinguish the -shape for his eyes were dazzled by its brightness; but what struck -him most were two enormous wings, as large as the sails of a ship, -but thin and transparent as the wings of a gnat. Jackson doubted not -but that this was the brother of Aquafluens. Alarmed at the account -he had heard of the uncertainty of his temper, he hesitated whether -to approach. The hope of gain, however, tempted him, and as he -drew nearer he observed that he also had a smiling countenance. So -mustering up courage he ventured to accost him, and inquire whether -he was the person they had so long been in search of, and whether he -would engage in his service. - -"My name is Ventosus," cried the winged giant, "and I am ready to -work for you, if you will let me have my own way. I am not of the low -disposition of my brother, who plods on with the same uniform pace. I -cannot help sometimes laughing at his slow motion, and I amuse myself -with ruffling his placid temper, in order to make him jog on a little -faster. I frequently lend him a helping hand when he is laden with a -heavy burden. I perch upon his bosom, and stretching out my wings I -move with such rapidity as almost to lift him from the ground." - -Jackson was astonished to hear Aquafluens accused of sluggishness; he -told Ventosus what a prodigious quantity of work he had done for the -colony. - -"He is a snail compared to me, for all that," holloed out Ventosus, -who had sometimes a very loud voice; and to show his rapidity he -spread his wings, and was out of sight in a moment. - -Jackson was sadly frightened, lest he should be gone forever; but he -soon returned, and consented to accompany Jackson home, on condition -that he would settle him in an elevated spot of ground. - -"My house is built on the brow of a hill," said Jackson, "and I shall -place yours on the summit." - -"Well," said the giant, "if you will get me a couple of millstones, -I will grind you as much corn in one hour as Aquafluens can in two. -Like my brother, I work without food or wages; but then I have an -independent spirit, I cannot bear confinement; I work only when I -have a mind to it, and I follow no will but my own." - -"This is not such a tractable giant as Aquafluens," thought Jackson; -"but he is still more powerful, so I must try to manage his temper as -well as I can." - -His wonderful form and the lightness of his wings excited great -admiration. Jackson immediately set about building a house for him -on the hill to grind corn in, and meanwhile, Ventosus took a flight -into the valley to see his brother. He found him carrying a heavy -load of planks, which he had lately sawed, to their proprietor. They -embraced each other, and Ventosus, being in a good humor, said, -"Come, brother, let me help you forward with your load, you will -never get on at this lazy pace." - -"Lazy pace!" exclaimed one of the children, who was seated on the -load of wood on the giant's back; "why, there is no man who can walk -half or quarter so fast." - -"True," replied Ventosus; "but we are not such pygmies as you." - -So he seated himself beside the child, stretched out his wings, and -off they flew with a rapidity which at first terrified the boy; but -when he found he was quite safe, he was delighted to sail through the -air almost as quickly as a bird flies. When they arrived, and the -wood had been unloaded, Aquafluens said, "Now, brother, you may help -me back again." - -"Not I," said Ventosus; "I am going on, straight forward. If you -choose to go along with me, well and good; if not, you may make your -way home as you please." - -Aquafluens thought this very unkind, and he began to argue with his -brother; but this only led to a dispute. Aquafluens' temper was at -length ruffled; Ventosus flew into a passion: he struggled with his -brother, and roared louder than any wild beast. Aquafluens then lost -all self-command, and actually foamed with rage. The poor child stood -at a distance, trembling with fear. He hardly knew the face of his -old friend, so much was his countenance distorted by wrath; he looked -as if he could almost have swallowed him up. At length, Ventosus -disengaged himself from his brother, and flew out of his sight; -but his sighs and moans were still heard afar off. Aquafluens also -murmured loudly at the ill-treatment he had received; but he composed -himself by degrees, and, taking the boy on his back, slowly returned -home. - -Jackson inquired eagerly after Ventosus, and when the child told -him all that had happened, he was much alarmed for fear Ventosus -should never return; and he was the more disappointed, as he had -prepared everything for him to go to work. Ventosus, however, came -back in the night, and when Jackson went to set him to work in the -morning, he found that nearly half the corn was already ground. -This was a wonderful performance. Yet, upon the whole, Ventosus did -not prove of such use to the colony as his brother. He would carry -with astonishing quickness; but then he would always carry his own -way; so that it was necessary to know what direction he intended to -take, before you could confide any goods to his charge; and then, -when you thought them sure to arrive on account of the rapidity with -which they were conveyed, Ventosus would sometimes suddenly change -his mind, and veer about with the fickleness of a weathercock; so -that the goods, instead of reaching their place of destination, were -carried to some other place or brought to the spot whence they set -out. This inconvenience could not happen with regard to grinding -corn; but one of no less importance often did occur. Ventosus, when -not inclined to work, disappeared, and was nowhere to be found. - -[Illustration: Ventosus] - -The benefit derived from the labor of these two giants had so much -improved the state of the colony that not only were the cottages -well floored, and had good doors and window-shutters, but there -was abundance of comfortable furniture--bedsteads, tables, chairs, -chests, and cupboards, as many as could be wished; and the men and -women, now that they were relieved from the most laborious work, -could employ themselves in making a number of things which before -they had not time for. It was no wonder, therefore, that the desire -to discover more giants was uppermost in men's minds. - -They were always asking Aquafluens about where they could find -another giant, for he was ever with them and never flew away, so they -could always ask questions; while Ventosus used to fly away and -disappear if they bothered him with questions which he did not like -to answer. - -They hunted high and low for more giants, but they found none. The -heart of Aquafluens was grieved within him, that they should seek so -much for a giant that did not need always to go down hill. So one -day, after much doubt, he told Jobson that there was another giant -who was stronger than he, and much more constant and regular in his -work than Ventosus, who was here to-day and away to-morrow, and whom -you could never be sure of. This giant was the strongest of all -giants, but he was also dangerous. - -"I will then have nothing to do with him," said Jobson. - -"Well," said Aquafluens, "if you know how to manage him he will work -for you." - -"Can he go up hill?" said his little boy. - -"As easily as I can go down," said Aquafluens. - -"And who is this giant?" said Jobson. - -"Alas," said Aquafluens, mournfully, "he is my own son." - -"Where is he?" - -"You can only bring him by a charm, and if you are not very careful, -he may burst out and kill you." - -"Is he so very violent?" said Jobson. - -"Very. His breath is scalding hot, and he is a more expensive giant -than either my brother or myself." - -"Must you pay him, then?" said Jobson's wife. - -"He will work without pay, but he needs to be kept hot. He will not -work at all unless he is seated right on the top of blazing coals." - -"What a funny giant!" said Jobson's little boy. "Does he not burn up?" - -"No, the hotter you make the fire the stronger he grows, but when the -fire grows cold, all his strength seems to die." - -The Jobsons had a long talk over this, and decided that they had -better not have anything to do with this strange giant. But once, -when they wanted a great deal of heavy stones carried up the hill, -they were driven to ask Aquafluens if he would tell them the charm. - -"Yes," said he; "it is very simple, but you must not be afraid." - -"No," said they, "we will not be afraid." - -"Then take a little of my blood." - -"Never!" said Jobson's wife. - -"No, you do not need to be afraid," said Aquafluens; "you only need -to take a very little." - -"And what must we do with it?" - -"You must put it into an iron pot, and then put it on the fire." - -They were very loth to do this; but at last, their need being great, -they did so. They were relieved to find that the taking of his blood -did not seem to hurt the good, kind giant, and then they put the pot -on the fire, and waited to see what would happen. After a time, they -heard a singing noise, and they began to be frightened. At last out -of the pot there came a cloudy vapor, which rose higher and higher -and higher, until it went away. But they saw no giant. - -[Illustration] - -So they went to Aquafluens, and told him that the charm would not -work. He asked them what they had done, and they told him, and he -said, "But did I not tell you my son would never work unless you put -him in prison? I will give you some more of my blood, and you must -put it in an iron pot and put the lid on, and fasten it down tight, -and then see what will happen." - -[Illustration: The Coming of Vaporifer] - -So they did as the good giant said. They took some more of his blood, -put it into the iron pot, and put on a heavy lid, and fastened it -on tight, then they put it on the blazing fire, and waited. This -time they were terribly frightened, for after a time the iron pot -burst into a thousand pieces, and blew all over the place, hurting -Jobson's wife on the head, and cutting Jobson's hand. So they ran -away frightened and told Aquafluens. - -"Ah," he said, "I told you my son was a dangerous child, but he is -very strong, and if you give him nothing to do he does mischief. So -you must give him a handle to turn. If you do that, he will not burst -anything, but will turn the handle as hard as ever you like." - -And they did just as the giant told them, and they found that -everything happened just so, for the new giant, whose name was -Vaporifer, was a strong and willing worker. Up hill and down dale -made no difference to him. He could carry and do everything they -gave him to, but they must keep him hot, and they must give him a -wheel to turn. If at any time he stopped they had to let him get out, -otherwise, if he had no wheel to turn, and could not get out, he -would blow his prison to pieces. - -[Illustration: Vaporifer at Work] - -Thus it came to pass that Ventosus was wanted very little, for Jobson -and his friends liked Vaporifer, who was regular and steady in his -ways, and could be relied upon always to do what was wanted. - -Aquafluens was still the most useful and the cheapest of all the -giants, but his son Vaporifer was much stronger and more handy than -his father. Nor was there any limit to what he could do if only they -would give him plenty of heat and always let him have a wheel to turn. - - * * * * * - -Now, then, who do you think were these three giants? Perhaps you -have already guessed from their names, and from their description. -The first giant, Aquafluens, is the great giant of running water, -which will always run down hill, but which comes to a standstill on -level ground, and cannot go up hill, no matter what happens. It is -this great giant which turned all the water-mills, which ground the -corn, and sawed the wood, and did all manner of work. Ventosus, his -brother, is the wind which bloweth whither it listeth, and sometimes, -lashes the water into stormy waves. While as to that of Vaporifer, -you surely understand that it is nothing else but steam. These three -giants are real giants who are still doing their work day by day, and -every day. There are no servants of man who have worked so cheaply, -so untiringly, and so well. - - - - -[Illustration] - - - - -TRAVELLERS' WONDERS - - -One winter's evening, as Captain Compass was sitting by the fireside, -with his children all around him, little Jack said to him, "Papa, -pray tell us some stories about what you have seen in your voyages. I -have been vastly entertained, while you were abroad, with Gulliver's -Travels, and the Adventures of Sinbad, the Sailor, and I think as you -have gone round and round the world, you must have met with things as -wonderful as they did." - -"No, my dear," said the captain, "I never met with Lilliputians or -Brobdingnagians, I assure you, nor ever saw the black loadstone -mountains or the valley of diamonds, but, to be sure, I have seen a -great variety of people, and have noticed their different manners and -ways of living; and if it will be any entertainment to you, I will -tell you some curious things that I have observed." - -"Pray do, papa," cried Jack and all his brothers and sisters; so they -drew close round him, and he began as follows:-- - -"Well, then, I was once, about this time of the year, in a country -where it was very cold, and the inhabitants had much ado to keep -themselves from starving. They were clad partly in the skins of -beasts, made smooth and soft by a particular art, but chiefly in -garments made from the outward covering of a middle-sized quadruped -which they were so cruel as to strip off his back when he was alive. -They dwelt in habitations part of which was sunk underground. The -materials were either stones or earth hardened by fire; and so -violent on that coast were the showers of wind and rain that many -of the roofs were covered all over with stones. The walls of their -houses had holes to let in light, but to prevent the cold air and -wet from coming in, they were covered by a sort of transparent stone -made artificially of melted sand or flint. As wood was rather scarce, -I know not what they would have done for their fires had they not -discovered in the bowels of the earth a very extraordinary kind of -stone which, when put among burning wood, caught fire and flamed like -a torch." - -"Dear me," said Jack, "what a wonderful stone! I suppose it was -like the things we call fire-stones, that shine so when we rub them -together." - -"I don't think they would burn," replied the captain; "besides, these -are of a darker color. - -"Well,--but their diet was remarkable,--some of them ate fish that -had been hung up in the smoke till it was quite dry and hard; and -along with it they ate either the roots of plants, or a sort of -coarse black cake made of powdered seeds. These were the poorer -class. The richer had a kind of cake which they were fond of daubing -over with a greasy matter, that was the product of a large animal -which lived among them. This grease they used, too, in almost all -their dishes, and when fresh it really was not unpalatable. They -likewise devoured the flesh of many birds and beasts when they could -get it; and ate the leaves and other parts of a number of kinds -of vegetables growing in the country, some absolutely raw, others -variously prepared by the aid of fire. Another great article of food -was the curd of milk, pressed into a hard mass and salted. It had so -rank a smell that often persons of weak stomachs could not bear to -come near it. For drink they made great use of the water in which -certain dry leaves had been steeped. These leaves, I was told, -came from a great distance. They had likewise a method of preparing -a liquor of the seeds of a grass-like plant steeped in water, with -the addition of a bitter herb, and then set to work or ferment. I -was prevailed upon to taste it, and thought it at first nauseous -enough, but in time I liked it pretty well. When a large quantity -of the mixture is used, it becomes perfectly intoxicating. But what -astonished me most was their use of a liquor so excessively hot and -pungent that it seems like liquid fire. I once got a mouthful of it -by mistake, taking it for water, which it resembles in appearance, -but I thought it would instantly have taken away my breath. Indeed, -people are not infrequently killed by it; and yet many of them will -swallow it greedily, whenever they can get it. This, too, is said to -be prepared from the seeds above mentioned, which are harmless and -even valuable in their natural state, though made to yield such a -pernicious juice. The strangest custom that I believe prevails in any -nation, I found here, which was that some take a mighty pleasure in -filling their mouths full of smoke; and others in thrusting a nasty -powder up their nostrils." - -"I should think it would choke them," said Jack. - -"It almost did me," answered his father, "only to stand by while -they did it--but use, it is truly said, is second nature. - -"I was glad enough to leave this cold climate; and about half a -year after I fell in with a people enjoying a delicious temperature -and a country full of beauty and verdure. The trees and shrubs were -furnished with a great variety of fruits which, with other vegetable -products, constituted a large part of the food of the inhabitants. I -particularly relished certain berries growing in bunches, some white -and some red, of a very pleasant sourish taste, and so transparent -that one might see the seeds at their very centre. There were -whole fields full of odoriferous flowers, which they told me were -succeeded by pods bearing seeds that afforded good nourishment to -man and beast. A great variety of birds enlivened the groves and -woods, among which I was greatly entertained by one that without -any teaching spoke almost as articulately as a parrot, though it -was only the repetition of a single word. The people were gentle -and civilized, and possessed many of the arts of life. Their dress -was very various. Many were clad only in a thin cloth made of the -long fibres of the stalk of a plant cultivated for the purpose, -which they prepared by soaking in water and then beating with large -mallets. Men wore cloth woven from a sort of vegetable wool, growing -in pods upon bushes. But the most singular material was a fine -glossy stuff, used chiefly by the richer classes, which, as I was -credibly informed, is manufactured out of the webs of caterpillars--a -most wonderful circumstance, if we consider the immense number of -caterpillars necessary to the production of so large a quantity of -stuff as I saw used. The people are very fantastic in their dress, -especially the women, whose apparel consists of a great number of -articles impossible to be described, and strangely disguising the -form of the body. In some instances they seem very cleanly, but in -other cases the Hottentots can scarce go beyond them, particularly in -the management of their hair, which is all matted and stiffened by -the fat of swine and other animals mixed up with powders of various -colors and ingredients. Like most Indian nations, they wear feathers -in their headdress. One thing surprised me much, which was, that they -bring up in their homes an animal of the tiger kind, with formidable -teeth and claws, which, notwithstanding its natural ferocity, is -played with and caressed by the most timid and delicate of their -women." - -"I am sure I would not play with it," said Jack. - -"Why, you might get an ugly scratch with it if you did," said the -captain. - -[Illustration] - -"The language of this nation seems very harsh and unintelligible -to a foreigner, yet they converse with one another with great ease -and quickness. One of the oddest customs is that which men use on -saluting each other. Let the weather be what it will, they uncover -their heads and remain uncovered for some time if they mean to be -extraordinarily respectful." - -"Why, that's like pulling off our hats," said Jack. - -"Ah, ha! papa," cried Betsy, "I have found you out. You have been -telling us of our own country, and what is done at home, all the -while." - -"But," said Jack, "we don't burn stones, or eat grease and powdered -seeds, or wear skins and caterpillar's webs, or play with tigers." - -"No?" said the captain. "Pray, what are coals but stones; and is not -butter grease; and corn, seeds; and leather, skins; and silk, the -web of a kind of caterpillar? and may we not as well call a cat an -animal of the tiger kind, as a tiger an animal of the cat kind? - -"So if you recall what I have been describing, you will find, with -Betsy's help, that all the other wonderful things I have told you of -are matters familiar among ourselves. But I meant to show you that a -foreigner might easily represent everything as equally strange and -wonderful among us as we could do with respect to his country; and -also to make you sensible that we daily call a great many things by -their names without ever inquiring into their nature and properties; -so that in reality it is only their manners and not the things -themselves with which we are acquainted." - - - - - -[Illustration: A Curious Instrument] - - - - -A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT - - -A gentleman, just returned from a journey to London, was surrounded -by his children eager, after the first salutations were over, to -hear the news; and still more eager to see the contents of a small -portmanteau, which were one by one carefully unfolded and displayed -to view. After distributing among them a few small presents, the -father took his seat again, saying that he must confess he had -brought from town, for his own use, something far more curious and -valuable than any of the little gifts they had received. It was, -he said, too good to present to any of them; but he would, if they -pleased, first give them a brief description of it, and then perhaps -they might be allowed to inspect it. - -The children were accordingly all attention, while the father thus -proceeded: "This small instrument is made in the most perfect -and wonderful way, and everything about it is very delicate and -beautiful. Because of its extreme delicacy it is so liable to injury -that a sort of light curtain, adorned with a beautiful fringe, is -always provided, and so placed as to fall in a moment on the approach -of the slightest danger. Its external appearance is always more or -less beautiful, although in this respect there is a great diversity -in the different sorts. If you should examine the inside you would -find them all alike, but it is so curious, and its powers so truly -astonishing, that no one who considers it can suppress his surprise -and admiration. By a slight and momentary movement, which is easily -made by the person it belongs to, you can ascertain with considerable -accuracy the size, color, shape, weight, and value of any article -whatever. A person having one is thus saved from the necessity of -asking a thousand questions, and trying a variety of troublesome -experiments, which would otherwise be necessary; and such a slow and -laborious process would, after all, not succeed half so well as a -single trial of this very useful article." - -George. "If they are such very useful things I wonder that everybody, -who can at all afford it, does not have one." - -Father. "They are not so uncommon as you may suppose; I myself happen -to know several individuals who possess one or two of them." - -Charles. "How large is it, Father? Could I hold it in my hand?" - -Father. "You might; but I should not like to trust mine with you!" - -George. "You will be obliged to take very great care of it, then?" - -Father. "Indeed I must: I intend every night to enclose it within -the small screen I mentioned; and it must besides be washed -occasionally in a certain colorless fluid kept for the purpose. -But, notwithstanding the tenderness of this instrument, you will be -surprised to hear that its power may be darted to a great distance, -without the least injury, and without any danger of losing it." - -Charles. "Indeed! and how high can you dart it?" - -Father. "I should be afraid of telling you to what a distance it will -reach, lest you should think I am jesting with you." - -George. "Higher than this house, I suppose?" - -Father. "Much higher." - -Charles. "Then how do you get it again?" - -Father. "It is easily cast down by a gentle movement, that does it no -injury." - -George. "But who can do this?" - -Father. "The person whose business it is to take care of it." - -Charles. "Well, I cannot understand you at all; but do tell us. -Father, what it is chiefly used for." - -Father. "Its uses are so various that I know not which to specify. It -has been found very serviceable in deciphering old manuscripts, and, -indeed, has its use in modern prints. It will assist us greatly in -acquiring all kinds of knowledge; and without it some of the most -wonderful things in the world would never have been known. It must be -confessed, however, that very much depends on a proper application -of it, since it is possessed by many persons who appear not to know -what it is worth, but who employ it only for the most low and common -purposes without even thinking, apparently, of the noble uses for -which it is designed, or of the great joy it is capable of affording. -It is, indeed, in order to have you fully appreciate its value that I -am giving you this description." - -George. "Well, then, tell us something more about it." - -Father. "It is very penetrating, and can often discover secrets which -could be detected by no other means. It must be said, however, that -it is equally prone to reveal them." - -Charles. "What! can it speak, then?" - -Father. "It is sometimes said to do so, especially when it happens to -meet with one of its own kind." - -George. "What color are these strange things?" - -Father. "They vary considerably in this respect." - -George. "What color is yours?" - -Father. "I believe of a darkish color, but, to confess the truth, I -never saw it in my life." - -Both. "Never saw it in your life!" - -Father. "No, nor do I wish to; but I have seen a reflection of it, -which is so exact that my curiosity is quite satisfied." - -George. "But why don't you look at the thing itself?" - -Father. "I should be in great danger of losing it if I did." - -Charles. "Then you could buy another." - -Father. "Nay, I believe I could not prevail upon my body to part with -it." - -George. "Then how did you get this one?" - -Father. "I am so fortunate as to have more than one; but how I got -them I really cannot recollect." - -Charles. "Not recollect! why, you said you brought them from London -to-night." - -Father. "So I did; I should be sorry if I had left them behind me." - -Charles. "Tell, Father, do tell us the name of this curious -instrument." - -Father. "It is called--an EYE." - - - - -NOTE - - -The first of these stories is reprinted from the well-known "Evenings -at Home, or the Family Budget Newly Opened," by Dr. John Aiken and -his sister Mrs. Barbauld, which is a survival from a very dreary -period in the history of books for children. Except lesson books, -books of manners, morals, and religion, the printing press had done -little for youth until about the middle of the eighteenth century, -and for long years after that no book was thought to be suitable for -children's reading unless it contained many pills of information -and so-called "useful knowledge," gilded over with more or less of -fancy and imagination. These books were generally of the driest -and most uninteresting character, but Dr. Aiken and his sister -Mrs. Barbauld were among the two or three writers who succeeded in -making their stories more vivid and real, and their men, women, -and children seem more like actual living people, than did most of -their contemporaries. There is a human interest in some of their -stories which has charmed each successive generation of men and women -that has come upon the scene since they were written, and unless -the child-mind changes very much, will continue to do so for many -generations to come.[E] - -[E] Dr. Aiken was born in London in 1757, and Mrs. Barbauld in 1743. -The former died in 1822, and the latter in 1825. - -There are many walks in our vast country quite as full of interest in -sights and sounds as that over Broom Heath, "among the green meads -by the side of the river," and there are many boys who go through -them in just the same way as William and Robert took their walk. Let -our Roberts take a lesson from our Williams, and our Williams go on -cultivating the habit of observing and remembering what they see. - -Professor Archibald Geikie, in his work on the "Teaching of -Geography," page 54, makes the following interesting remarks as to -the pedagogical value of the story of "Eyes and No Eyes":-- - -"It is worth a thousand educational treatises. Never shall I forget -the impression it made on me when, as a young boy, I first came upon -it. Every step of William's walk was to me a subject of engrossing -interest; I tried myself to make similar observations, and was -delighted in particular to recognize the movements of a lapwing in -a succeeding country ramble. To this day, such is the permanence of -early associations, the swoop and scream of that bird overhead brings -back to me these first impressions of boyhood, and reminds me of my -lifelong debt to the 'Evenings at Home.' The story ought not only to -be known to the teacher; he should make it thoroughly familiar to his -pupils as soon as they are of an age to understand and enjoy it. - -"The contrast between the two boys in this story is one which may -be found in every schoolroom. Unless a teacher actually tries the -experiment, he can scarcely imagine the extraordinary differences in -power of observation, not so much between clever and dull pupils, for -that might be looked for, as among those who are bright and forward -in the general work of the school. Of two clever boys, the one who -has the quicker perception of things around him is more likely to -succeed in life. But the chances of the other may be vastly improved -by early training. And it is this training, so little provided for by -the ordinary school work, that the teacher should do all in his power -to secure." - -Charles Kingsley says: "When we were good, a long time ago, we used -to have a jolly old book called 'Evenings at Home' in which was a -great story called 'Eyes and No Eyes,' and that story was of more -use to me than any dozen other stories I ever read;" and what Oliver -Wendell Holmes thought of the story is printed at the beginning of -the book. - -To turn to the other stories in the book, "The Three Giants" is from -"Tales of Political Economy," by Mrs. Marcet (1769-1858), and has -long been a favorite with children. Slight changes have been made -in order to simplify it, and to confine the attention solely to -the leading idea. "Travellers' Wonders" is also from "Evenings at -Home," and in reading it one might almost imagine Captain Compass was -thinking of a visit to the United States when he unfolded his budget -of wonders to his listening family. "A Curious Instrument" is by Jane -Taylor (1783-1824), who wrote many books for children in conjunction -with her sister Ann. The sisters are best known, perhaps, by their -"Original Poems" and "Hymns for Infant Minds." - - * * * * * - - -Transcriber Note - -Minor typos were corrected. Text was moved to prevent images splitting -paragraphs. The page numbers for The Coming of Vaporifer and Vaporifer -at Work in the Illustrations listing have been corrected. 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