diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/64984-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/64984-0.txt | 8273 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 8273 deletions
diff --git a/old/64984-0.txt b/old/64984-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ff6c726..0000000 --- a/old/64984-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8273 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Biographical catalogue of the portraits at -Weston, the seat of the Earl of Bradford, by Mary Louisa Boyle - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Biographical catalogue of the portraits at Weston, the seat of - the Earl of Bradford - -Author: Mary Louisa Boyle - -Release Date: April 03, 2021 [eBook #64984] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Fay Dunn, Barry Abrahamsen, and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF THE -PORTRAITS AT WESTON, THE SEAT OF THE EARL OF BRADFORD *** - - -[Illustration: - - ARISE ✤ PRAY ✤ WORK -] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - BIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE - OF THE PORTRAITS AT WESTON - THE SEAT OF THE EARL OF BRADFORD - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -[Illustration] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - _BIOGRAPHICAL_ - _CATALOGUE_ - OF THE PORTRAITS - AT WESTON - THE SEAT OF - _THE EARL OF BRADFORD_ - - - ❦ - - - ‘_A true delineation, even of the smallest - man, and his scene of pilgrimage through - life, is capable of interesting the - greatest man; for all men are to an - unspeakable degree brothers, each man’s - life a strange emblem of every man’s, and - human portraits faithfully drawn are, of - all pictures, the welcomest on human - walls._’ CARLYLE. - - - _LONDON: ELLIOT STOCK_ - 1881. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TO - - - LORD AND LADY BRADFORD, - - - THESE PAGES, - - - WRITTEN UNDER THE PRESSURE OF MANY DIFFICULTIES, - - - ARE AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED - - - BY THEIR FAITHFUL KINSWOMAN - - - MARY BOYLE. - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -[Illustration] - - - - -IN completing the last contribution I shall make to the Biographical -Catalogues of the Portrait Galleries of four English noblemen, I must -make a few personal remarks. I began the pleasant task, which I -undertook at the request of my dear cousin, Lord Sandwich, now many -years ago, before my defective sight rendered the work difficult. The -respective collections of Lords Bath and Cowper at Longleat and -Panshanger next occupied my attention, but the increasing malady in my -eyesight rendered every fresh step more arduous. In this last work, to -other stumbling-blocks has been added the pressure of ill-health and -deep sorrow; against these obstacles I have fought as stoutly as I -could, cheered on by the hope of giving satisfaction to Lord and Lady -Bradford, to whose family my own for many generations has been connected -by ties of relationship and friendship. But I am well aware that in -spite of my best endeavours errors may have crept into this work, and -shortcomings must be but too evident. On the indulgence of the owners of -Weston, I must, therefore, rely for pardon; proffering at the same time -my best thanks to Lord Bradford himself for the kind help he has -afforded me; while to Mr. George Griffiths of Weston Bank I can scarcely -say enough to express my gratitude for his unwearied and valuable -assistance. I wish that, in relinquishing a task in which I have found -great delight, I could persuade some members of noble and gentle -families to follow my example in rescuing from oblivion the records of -portraits which adorn the walls of their homes. It has often been a -subject of deep concern to me, while staying in some beautiful -country-house, to find that the younger portion of the family, at least, -were often entirely ignorant of any details respecting the lives of the -men and women who look down upon them from the walls, and who in some -cases have lived, loved, enjoyed, suffered, and died in those very -apartments. To the dear old traditions of home such acquaintance with -our predecessors and their surroundings lends many a charm, and I have -found so much pleasure in my work that I cannot but regret my inability -to the further prosecution thereof; but I have reaped a rich reward in -the acquaintance I have made with particulars of the lives of the great, -the good, and the celebrated; and as I wander through a -portrait-gallery, the paintings of which are, alas! now but a closed -book to me, the names which my more fortunate companions read aloud -conjure up a whole host of delightful and interesting recollections. - - - 22 SOUTH AUDLEY STREET, - _August 9th_, 1888. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - ENTRANCE HALL. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - ENTRANCE HALL. - - - ------- - - - No. 1. RACHEL, LADY RUSSELL. - - _In widow’s weeds. Leaning her cheek on her hand._ - - BORN (_circa_) 1636, DIED 1723. - - BY VANDERBANK. - - -SHE was the second daughter of Thomas, last Earl of Southampton, of the -Wriothesley family, by his first wife, Rachel de Ruvigny, of an old -Huguenot race, by whom he had two daughters, Elizabeth married to -Edward, Lord Noel, eldest son of the Earl Campden, and Rachel, the -subject of the present notice. She lost her mother when still a little -child, and we do not hear much of her youth. Her father married a second -and a third time, and it must have been about 1653 that she became the -bride of Lord Vaughan, son of the Earl of Carbery. We are inclined to -deduce from a passage in one of her letters that this marriage was one -of _convenance_, as she says to a friend, ‘The selection of the partners -usually rests with the relations, and not with those most interested in -the matter.’ Of Lord Vaughan we have few records; but some letters -addressed to his wife leave the impression that indolence was one of his -chief characteristics, that he was dilatory in business and averse to -writing of all kinds. It is fair, however, to add that these remarks are -only based on surmise. - -Lord and Lady Vaughan resided chiefly at an estate in Wales, belonging -to Lord Carbery, and at the present time (1888) the property of the Earl -of Cawdor. The Golden Grove is famed for its picturesque beauty, and -endeared to all admirers of Jeremy Taylor, by the tradition that he -composed _The Whole Duty of Man_ in the grounds adjoining the house. -Lord and Lady Vaughan made occasional visits to London, where in 1665 -she gave birth to a daughter, who only lived a few days. The breaking -out of the plague drove them back to their Welsh home, and Lord Vaughan -died not long after their return. On becoming a widow, Rachel went to -reside for some time with her sister, Lady Elizabeth Noel, at their old -home of Titchfield, in Hampshire, which had come by inheritance to Lady -Elizabeth, as the eldest daughter of Lord Southampton,—Stratton, in the -same county, falling to Lady Vaughan’s share. It was not long before -(among many admirers) that William Russell, the second son of Francis, -fifth Earl (afterwards first Duke) of Bedford, made himself conspicuous -by the devoted court he paid to the beautiful young widow. The -circumstance is thus alluded to, in a letter from her sister by -half-blood, Lady Percy: ‘For Mr. Russell’s concern I can say nothing -more than that he professes a great desire (the which I do not at all -doubt) that he and every one else has to gain one who is so desirable in -all respects.’ - -Desirable indeed, for Lady Vaughan was young, beautiful, intellectual, -wealthy, of a most gentle and loving disposition, and possessing a fund -of unassuming piety. There was no disparity in the marriage, for William -Russell was her equal, we might almost say her counterpart, with the -exception of fortune, he being a second son at the time of his marriage. -It was on this account that his wife for some time, in fact until the -death of her brother-in-law, Lord Russell, still retained, according to -general custom, her widowed title of Lady Vaughan. During the fourteen -happy years of Rachel’s happy life, which were chiefly spent at -Stratton, and Southampton House in London (both of which were hers by -inheritance), she had to endure very few separations from her -husband—such as when he was called away on public or private business; -occasional visits to his father at Woburn; absences contingent on his -elections in three different Parliaments, and attendance during the -short session at Oxford. Then the correspondence between the married -pair was constant and detailed, and testifies to their sympathy on every -subject, whether important or trifling, political or domestic. Happy as -she was in the present, with every human probability of the continuance -of that happiness in the future, there was a strange foreboding, as it -would appear, in Rachel’s mind, of coming evil, and it was remarkable -how in those early halcyon days her mental eyes seemed fixed on the -little cloud, no bigger than a man’s hand, in the horizon. It was indeed -as if she heard ‘the footfall of fate on her ear’; for her letters to -her husband, not very long after their marriage, are written in a most -desponding spirit. After dwelling with gratitude and delight on the -complete unity of their hearts and minds, she goes on to write to her -dearest William, dated from Stratton: ‘Let us cheerfully expect to live -together to a good old age, and, if God wills otherwise, then firmly -believe that He will support us under whatsoever trial He may see fit to -inflict.’ Noble and pathetic words, of which the sadder alternative was -to be her allotted portion. The summer was usually passed at Stratton, -the winter in London. Three children were born to them—two daughters, in -1674 and 1676, and a son in 1680,—blessings which were counterbalanced -by the loss of her beloved sister, Lady Elizabeth Noel. The society of -the children enhanced the delight of their beloved home at Stratton. On -one occasion Rachel wrote to her husband at the last-mentioned place -from Southampton House in answer to a letter from him. She is so glad he -finds Stratton sweet, and hopes he will live for fifty years to enjoy -it, and that God may permit her to have his good company. But if it were -not so, she is sure he would be kind to ‘the brats.’ Flesh and blood -cannot have a truer sense of happiness than she has, his poor honest -wife. Such simple extracts are truly pathetic, when we call to mind that -in less than two years Rachel Russell was a widow. The circumstances of -Lord Russell’s arrest, his impeachment for high treason, his trial, -sentence, last days, and execution, with the part his devoted wife took -in all these proceedings, are all given in our notice of Lord Russell’s -life. In order to avoid repetition we simply give the dates here. -William, Lord Russell, was tried on the 13th of July 1683, and executed -the 21st August. - -After the last sad scene of leave-taking, elsewhere described, Rachel -returned to her desolate home of Southampton House. On the anguish of -such moments it is useless to dwell. She heard the hours from the -neighbouring belfry, which sounded like a chime of knells, as she sat in -perfect solitude—the little ones having cried themselves to sleep. Her -favourite sister, Elizabeth, was dead; her surviving sister, Lady -Northumberland, was out of England, and there was no one near enough her -heart whose society she could tolerate at that supreme moment. Her grief -was embittered and her indignation roused, not long after her lord’s -death, by the report that was circulated calling in question the -authenticity of the papers which he had given to the sheriffs on the -scaffold. She found it incumbent on her to write to the King, speaking -in the highest terms in her letter of Bishop Burnet, who had lately -fallen into disfavour at Court. Burnet had been privy to the document -written by Lord Russell in prison, and Rachel characterises the prelate -as a loyal subject to the King, and the most tender and faithful -minister to her dear lord. One of the last injunctions laid upon her (by -one whose wishes were never disobeyed), was that she should take care of -her health, and live for her children; and in the fulfilment of that -duty she found her best consolation. In a letter to the Bishop of -London, she says that she considered there was something so sublime in -the subject of her deepest sorrow, she firmly believes it had in a -degree kept her from being overwhelmed. And now began the long dreary -period of widowhood which lasted so many years. ‘Time, that ancient -nurse,’ which ‘rocks us to patience,’ found her indeed submissive, but -had little power to deaden the poignancy of her grief. In a letter to -‘uncle John’ (her lord’s uncle), she begs him to make some compliment of -her acknowledgment to his Majesty for not having enforced the forfeiture -of Lord Russell’s fortune. She concludes by saying: ‘When I hear you are -well it is part of the only satisfaction I can have in this wretched -world, where the love and company of the friends and relations of that -dear blessed person are most precious.’ - -Among Lady Russell’s most frequent and most intimate correspondents was -Dr. Fitzwilliam, the friend of her childhood, who had been her father’s -domestic chaplain. She also continued her intercourse with Bishop -Burnet, and tells him how diligently she superintends the education of -her children, Mistress Rachel, little Mistress Katey, and that precious -boy with whose wild freaks in happier days she was wont to entertain -papa. She confesses to the Bishop that she occasionally finds the -employment of teaching irksome to her overtaxed spirit; yet on the whole -it refreshes her, and she is resolved to prosecute the task alone and -unassisted. This plan the Bishop highly approves, and he alludes to the -circumstance in these words: ‘I am glad your children will need no other -governess, for as it is the greatest part of your duty, so the -occupation will be a noble entertainment, and the best diversion and -cure for your wasted and wearied spirit.’ It is to Bishop Burnet that -she describes her sensations on visiting her husband’s tomb at Chenies: -‘I did not go to seek the living among the dead, for I well knew that I -should see him no more, wherever I went, and I had made a covenant with -myself not to break out into unreasonable and fruitless passion, but -quicken my contemplation of his happiness.’ - -There are two classes of mourners most prevalent in the world, those who -give way to enervating emotion, nursing and encouraging the outward -expression of grief, and those who fly to some frivolous and unworthy -expedient to ‘lull the lone heart and banish care.’ To neither of these -classes did Lady Russell belong; she faced her affliction bravely but -submissively, believing with the poet[1] that - - ‘They who lack time to mourn, lack time to mend. - Eternity mourns that.’ - -Footnote 1: - - Philip van Artevelde. - -She spent a great deal of her time at Woburn, with her parents-in-law, -where she and her children were ever welcome; often meditating, and -frequently delaying her return to the once happy home of sweet Stratton. -But she was detained at Woburn first by the death of her mother-in-law, -and then by the dangerous illness of her son, which crushing anxiety she -thus turns to good account. Speaking of the possibility of losing ‘the -little creature,’ she writes to Dr. Fitzwilliam, ‘God has made me see -the folly of imagining I had nothing left, the deprivation of which -could be matter of much anguish, or its possession of any considerable -refreshment.’ But the blow was averted and the boy recovered. She left -Woburn, and instead of going direct to Stratton she started for -Totteridge in Hertfordshire, with him and her eldest girl, while little -Katey was left at Woburn to keep company with her aged grandfather. - -No one was more alive to the noble and loveable qualities of Lady -Russell than her dear lord’s father, and he writes her a most tender and -pathetic letter, evincing the deepest interest in her and her children, -especially in the recovery of the young heir, whose illness had caused -so much anxiety to the whole family. He addresses her as his dearest -daughter, and expresses himself in the quaint and courteous, though -somewhat stilted style of the day, hoping soon to have some comfortable -tidings of her and her dear little ones, assuring her that his grandson -is the subject of his constant prayers, and that while he has breath he -remains her affectionate father and friend to command. Written from -Woburn Abbey, the 7th day of June 1684; with a postscript: ‘My dear love -and blessing to my dear boy, and to Mistress Rachel. I am much cheered -by Mistress Catherine’s company; she is often with me, and looks very -well.’ It is interesting to remember that the respective ages of these -two playfellows were nine, and eighty. - -Lady Russell moved afterwards with her family to Southampton House, so -full of memories, sweet and bitter, of early happiness, subsequent -anxiety, and utter desolation. She was in London at the time of the -King’s death, and although she had no reason to regret Charles, yet to -one whose interest was never deadened in the course of public affairs, -there was little to be hoped for in the accession of James the Second. -The trials of Algernon Sidney, Hampden, and others, who were associated -with the memory of her lord, made her wounds bleed afresh, more -especially the execution of the Duke of Monmouth, Lord Russell’s most -intimate friend. ‘Never,’ she writes, ‘had a poor creature more -_awakers_ to quicken and revive her sorrow’; yet in alluding to -Monmouth’s fate she owns herself void of reason, that she should weep -when she ought to rejoice ‘that so good a man is safely landed on the -blessed shores of a safe eternity.’ She was detained in London longer -than she wished by the arrival of her uncle the Marquis de Ruvigny, who -had come over from France to assist in the endeavour to gain from the -King and Government the subversion of the attainder which affected the -Russell children. Very interesting letters and documents on this subject -are extant at Woburn Abbey. Lady Russell was very much attached to her -uncle, and welcomed him, his wife, and a favourite niece, to her house, -where the last-mentioned relative fell sick of malignant fever and died, -to the inexpressible grief of De Ruvigny. Rachel’s anxiety on account of -her own children may be imagined; she removed them to the country, and -then returned to London to comfort her sorrowing uncle. De Ruvigny later -on resided permanently in England, and became the centre of a small -colony of French refugees which settled at Greenwich, and he ended his -days in this country. The Earl of Devonshire, the faithful friend (when -Lord Cavendish) of William Russell, who had offered to change clothes -with him and remain in his stead in prison, had never slackened in his -friendship for his friend’s widow; and he now came forward with a -proposal of marriage between his eldest son and Rachel’s eldest daughter -and namesake. - -In those days no time was lost in such matters. My Lord Cavendish was -sixteen, Mistress Rachel fourteen. There were difficulties about -settlements (_car l’histoire se répète_) among the lawyers, but the -marriage did come off at last in spite of those everlasting impediments -to the course of true love. Deeply interested as she was in domestic -details and in arrangements for the future of her child, Lady Russell -was no indifferent spectator to the rapid strides which James the Second -was making towards the downfall of political and religious liberty which -he was too short-sighted to foresee would include his own. When M. -Dykeveldt, the minister plenipotentiary from Holland, arrived in London, -he waited on Lady Russell by the commands of the Prince and Princess of -Orange, being the bearer of autograph letters and the most flattering -messages from their Highnesses, speaking in terms of the highest -admiration and esteem of her patriot lord and the noble family to which -he belonged, and assuring her of friendship and sympathy and the hope -that they might in the future be useful to her and her son. Thus -commenced a correspondence which brought forth important fruits in the -coming changes. Her first visit to Stratton was very trying to her -heart, and though grateful that the children were too young to share -those feelings to any great extent, she could not but rejoice to -perceive in Mistress Rachel some memory of the loss they had sustained, -but then to be sure, as the reader will take into consideration, Rachel -Russell the younger was already fourteen years of age and a promised -wife! Three days the poor widow always gave to seclusion and reflection, -the anniversaries of the arrest, trial, and execution of her lord. In -the winter the family removed to London, and preparations were now going -on briskly for the marriage, when the poor _fiancée_ fell sick of the -measles, and it was not till midsummer 1689 that the celebration of the -marriage actually took place, being hurried at the last, we are told, -because my Lord (Devonshire, the bridegroom’s father) was in haste to go -to the Bath. - -The young couple spent their (crescent) honeymoon between Southampton -House and Woburn Abbey, and then the bridegroom set forth on a course of -foreign travel to finish his education which lasted two years, while my -Lady Cavendish remained an inmate of her mother’s home. The leading -members of the houses of Cavendish and Russell were among those -influential personages who had invited the Prince and Princess of Orange -to come over to England to the rescue of the kingdom; and when they -actually landed Rachel put herself in constant communication with her -old friend Bishop Burnet, at that time in the suite of the future -monarchs. She accompanied her aged father-in-law to London, in time to -witness the flight of James the Second, and there is extant an amusing -letter from young Lady Cavendish in which she describes to a bosom -friend, the decision of the two Houses of Parliament that William and -Mary of Orange should be King and Queen. She goes on to say she was -present at the proclamation, which gave her great pleasure, ‘for were -they not in the room of King James, my father’s murderer?’ At night she -went to Court to kiss the Queen’s hand, the King’s also, with her -mother-in-law, the Countess of Devonshire. She describes William ‘as a -man of no presence; he is homely at first sight, but when one looks long -on him he has something both wise and good.’ The Queen she considers -very handsome, and most graceful. - -One of the first acts of the new King and Queen was the reversal of the -attainder of William, Lord Russell; his execution had already been -declared to be a murder by the vote of the House of Commons. Honours of -different kinds were showered on the aged Earl of Bedford, the Earl of -Devonshire, and many of Lady Russell’s connections and friends, while -she herself was constantly referred to for advice and counsel by people -whom she held in great esteem, such as Dr. Fitzwilliam and Archbishop -Tillotson, who discussed with her questions of doctrine and faith, and -the propriety or expediency of accepting preferment under the new -_régime_. People of all opinions applied to Rachel to secure her good -offices with the new Sovereigns, and Lady Sunderland, whose husband had -been most instrumental in Lord Russell’s downfall, did not scruple to -ask her intercession. Passing years brought fresh trials in their train -for one who seemed indeed born for sorrow. In 1690 she lost her -remaining sister, the wife of Ralph, Lord afterwards Duke of Montagu, -and within a few weeks of her death she mourns that of her nephew Lord -Gainsborough, ‘that engaging creature,’ she writes, ‘the only son of the -sister whom I loved with so much passion,’ and now as a crowning grief -she is threatened with blindness. It had been said that this infirmity -proceeded from her constant weeping; and though one of her biographers -argues that it was impossible on account of the particular nature of the -disease, being cataract, those who unfortunately have experience in such -cases know well how noxious to the sight is the briny nature of sorrow’s -flood. It is piteous to read her sad anticipations of the coming evil, -and how she will have to forego that great relaxation and comfort to -her, of what she terms ‘society at a distance. But while light is left -her she will work.’ - -Lord Cavendish having now returned from the Continent was joined by his -young wife, and there was a sad gap when dearest Rachel left her home. -The fond mother writes to Lady Derby, Mistress of the Robes to Queen -Mary, recommending her daughter, who was much at Court, to that lady’s -kind protection; and now yet another of the young birds was called on to -leave the nest. Mistress Kate was asked in marriage by Lord Roos, eldest -son of the Earl of Rutland, esteemed the best match in all England. Yet -there were reasons of a political and domestic nature which caused Lady -Russell to hesitate before giving her final consent to the marriage. -There is an amusing description of the grand reception which the newly -married pair met with at the paternal estate of Belvoir, falling very -little short of the pomp and splendour due to royalty on such occasions. -We regret that our want of space precludes the introduction of some -interesting details. Rachel did not go to the marriage, for noise and -too much company made her eyes ache, and she was desirous to keep ‘the -little bit of sight she had left,’ which deserted her as soon as a -candle was lighted. There was still balm in Gilead. The operation for -couching was successfully performed, and the patient, after making use -of an amanuensis for some time, was able once more to resume her -correspondence and enjoy ‘society at a distance.’ Following this -inestimable blessing came the mark of royal favour which must have been -a source of intense gratification to Rachel, Lady Russell. Her -son-in-law and her father-in-law were both advanced to the rank of Dukes -of Devonshire and Bedford. And in the case of the latter, the honour was -enhanced to the old man, Lady Russell, and the whole family, by the -tribute paid in the words of the patent to the memory of his patriot -son. Sure never was sentiment so mingled before or since with legal and -formal documents, but the words (or preamble as it is called) were those -of the eloquent and refined Lord Chancellor Somers. The King in -bestowing the highest dignity in his gift declares, ‘We think it not -sufficient that his (Lord Russell’s) conduct and virtues should be -transmitted to all future generations upon the credit of public annals, -but will have them inserted in these our royal letters-patent as a -monument consecrated to the most accomplished and consummate virtue,’ -etc. etc. All honour to the house whose patent of nobility well deserves -the name! - -A general election was now impending, and Lady Russell received the most -flattering proposals from the leading members of the Government, that -her son should represent Middlesex in the House of Commons. She makes a -very gracious answer, and after taking counsel with the aged Duke, she -writes they have both come to the conclusion that a Parliament life -would interfere with the progress of Lord Tavistock’s education, he -being only fifteen. Strange times when schoolboys married and sat in -Parliament! The young heir went to Oxford (instead of to the House), -where he was more than once visited by his mother. - -When about seventeen Lord Tavistock started with a private tutor on a -continental tour, which lasted over two years, and which the young man -enjoyed perhaps a little too much. He made his mother a confidante of -all his pleasures, extravagancies, and escapades, for Tavistock was one -of those who loved the beautiful, whether in sights, sounds, or people. -He had also grand notions of the style in which the heir to an English -dukedom should live—must have a carriage with a fine pair of steppers -and two running footmen; his cravats must be of rich point lace, and his -suits finely embroidered. Moreover he found himself constrained to send -all the way from Rome to Leghorn to procure a periwig, as the world’s -capital could not furnish him with one to his taste. Then there were -flowers and gifts of jewels to please the fair Romans, and added to all -these ways and means of getting rid of his pocket-money, our traveller -had a decided inclination for gambling. His letters are the natural -outpourings of an enthusiastic youth in the heyday of spirits and -enjoyment, rather too easily led astray, and although they caused his -mother some distress, they contained nothing likely to diminish her -esteem for her only son. He confessed his delinquencies so frankly, -solicited help so humbly, and begged his beloved mother’s pardon, and -her intercession for that of his grandfather, in a most irresistible -manner. - -Within a year after Lord Tavistock’s return to England, he succeeded to -his grandfather’s titles and estates on the death of that good old man, -and in compliance with personal request made by his mother, the King -bestowed on him the Garter, and shortly afterwards he was appointed -Lord-Lieutenant of the three counties of Bedford, Middlesex, and -Cambridge, while at the Coronation of Queen Anne he acted as Lord High -Constable of England, and was made a Privy Councillor. He had married in -1669 the daughter of John Howland, Esquire, who was created Lord Howland -of Streatham, in order to obviate any appearance of a _mésalliance_. But -all this prosperity was of short duration; eleven years after his -accession to the title, at the early age of thirty-one, Wriothesley, the -second Duke of Bedford, fell a victim to the terrible disease, which in -those days (before inoculation or vaccination was known) wrought such -ravages in England. When the character of the illness was announced, the -Duchess and his children were sent to a distance, but the fond mother -watched by his bedside to the last, and writes, after all is over, to -her cousin Lord Galway: ‘I am in such disorder of spirits, so full of -confusion, and amazement, that I am incapable of saying or doing what I -should. I did not know the greatness of my love for his person, till I -could see it no more.’ The poor mourner had scarcely time to lift her -head, bowed by the combined weight of age and sorrow, before another -crushing blow fell on her. Her sweet Katey (now Duchess of Rutland) died -in giving birth to her tenth child, at the same moment that the Duchess -of Devonshire was expecting her confinement. From her Lady Russell had -the arduous task of concealing the fact of the other’s death. The two -sisters had loved each other tenderly, and there was great difficulty in -evading the inquiries which the Duchess constantly made after her dear -Katey. ‘I saw her yesterday,’ was the sad subterfuge, ‘out of her bed.’ -Alas! it was in her coffin. - -The Duke of Rutland was not slow in providing himself with a second -wife, and this unseemly haste was not calculated to soothe Lady -Russell’s mind, but when she found that his intentions with regard to -her daughter’s children were just and generous, she thought it advisable -‘to let the matter pass easily.’ She had now arrived at an advanced age, -somewhat infirm in body, but unimpaired in mind, with a trembling hand, -but an unclouded intellect, and she busied herself in composing prayers -and meditations for her own use, and in making, as it were, a full -confession of her failings and shortcomings (which she called sins); -reviewing as she did so the whole of her past life. This document was -left unfinished at the time of her death. When at the age of eighty-six, -her health gave way. - -A letter from Lady Rachel Morgan (wife of Sir William Morgan of -Tredegar) to her brother, Lord James Cavendish, says: ‘The bad account -we have received of Grandmamma Russell has put us into great disorder -and hurry. Mamma has left us and gone to London. I believe she has -stopped the letters, so we are still in suspense; the last post brought -us so bad an account that we have reason to fear the worst. I hope mamma -will get to town in time to see her alive, because it would be a great -satisfaction to both.’ This letter is dated 26th September. On the 29th -of the same month 1723, Rachel, Lady Russell, ended her exemplary and -blameless life, so replete with stirring incidents, both of a public and -private nature, so full of transient joy and abiding sorrow. She lived -to see her children raised to honour and prosperity, but, alas! she had -the misfortune to survive those who, in the common course of nature, -should have wept her loss. She was buried by the side of her dear lord -at Chenies, in Buckinghamshire, where an elaborate monument is erected -to their memory. - - - ------- - - - No. 2. LADY ROBERT RUSSELL. - - _Oval. Tawny and blue dress._ - - BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - - -SHE was the daughter of Edward Russell, and widow of Thomas Cheek of -Pirgo, county Sussex. She married her cousin, Lord Robert Russell. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. SIR ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, LORD CHIEF-JUSTICE. - - _In robes of office: scarlet and ermine, with cap and gold chain. - Gloves in left hand._ - - BORN 1609. DIED 1674. - - BY RILEY. - - - ------- - - - No. 4. LORD ROBERT RUSSELL. - - _Oval. Dark brown dress. Wig. Lace cravat._ - - DIED 1722. - - BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - - -HE was the fifth son of the first Duke of Bedford, by Anne Carr, -daughter of the Earl of Somerset. He married his cousin in 1690, the -widow of Thomas Cheek, by whom he had no children. In 1660 and 1661 he -travelled on the Continent, accompanied by his brother Edward, and a -tutor. He served in seven Parliaments for Tavistock. - - - ------- - - - No. 5. HUGO DE GROOT, OR GROTIUS. - - _When a boy. Black dress. White collar._ - - BORN 1583. DIED 1645-6. - - BY MIEREVELDT. - - -BORN at Delft, the son of John de Groot (Dutch for ‘Great’), of an -ancient family, Burgomaster of the town, and Curator of the recently -founded University of Leyden, which was destined to become so famous. -Hugo was one day totally to eclipse the fame of his father, though he -too was a man of great learning and cultivation. Hugo was remarkable for -his proficiency in Latin and Greek when a mere child, and, unlike most -precocious geniuses, he fulfilled his early promise. He was placed with -an Arminian minister at the Hague, and when only eight years old, -composed some Latin verses, which are still extant. At the age of eleven -he was entered as a student at Leyden, and became the pet (so to speak) -of a circle of learned professors, of whom he was destined to become the -foremost. In those early days Hugo distinguished himself in every branch -of learning, addressed a Greek ode to the Prince of Orange, which gained -him great κυδος, as did shortly afterwards a Latin poem in honour of -Henry the Fourth of France. - -In 1598 Hugo accompanied Count Justin of Nassau (natural son of William -the Silent) and John Olden Barneveldt on a diplomatic mission to Paris. -Henry the Fourth, remembering the tribute paid him by the young -foreigner, showed him especial favour, presented him with his picture -and a chain of massive gold, and pointed him out to the courtiers as ‘a -miracle of learning, and the wonder of Holland.’ The young Prince of -Condé also took great delight in his society, and called him his -secretary. To this youthful patron Grotius dedicated his first printed -work, _Martianus Capella_. - -Hugo remained in Paris for about a year, when a summons from his parents -called him home. On his return he took up his abode at the house of -Prince Maurice of Nassau’s chaplain, a learned and pious man, where he -studied law without neglecting his literary labours. He pleaded his -first cause at Delft when only seventeen, gaining thereby the greatest -applause. He published works on astronomy, physics, navigation, both in -dead and living languages, and his description of the siege of Ostend -(which place had held out three years against the Spaniards) was -considered a masterpiece. His writings on contemporary history, in which -he did full justice to the noble and patriotic deeds of his countrymen, -also called especial attention to the merits of the young author, and -the Government were easily induced to listen to the recommendation of -Olden Barneveldt, and in due time Hugo Grotius was selected as -historiographer, and this in preference to many candidates, all of whom -were his seniors, while the salary was increased in consideration of the -nominee’s acknowledged talents. The French King wished to secure him as -President of the Library at Paris, and the star of Grotius was now in -the ascendant. He was named to the post of Pensionary of the city of -Rotterdam, vacant by the death of Elias, brother to Olden Barneveldt, -with whom Grotius now contracted an intimate friendship. This office, -together with other privileges, entitled the holder to a seat in the -Assembly of the States of Holland, and afterwards to the same honour in -that of the States-General. On this promotion, Grotius’s father was -desirous that his son should marry, and an alliance was accordingly -agreed on with Maria von Reigensberg, a lady of noble family in Zeeland, -the daughter of a Burgomaster of Veer, in that province. The bride, it -would seem, was by no means comely in appearance; she was stoutly built -and of a swarthy complexion, but the future proved Maria von Grotius to -be a woman of strong affection, acute intelligence, and indomitable -courage. Shortly after his arrival in Rotterdam, Grotius was sent to -England on a mission connected with some dispute which had arisen -between the Dutch and English, connected with the whale fisheries, and -here he was cordially welcomed by James the First, with whom he had many -conferences, on matters theological, as well as diplomatic, while his -society was eagerly courted by all the men of eminence in this country. -But a storm was gathering over the calm horizon of Hugo Grotius’s -hitherto bright career. On his return to Rotterdam he found that the -religious differences which had been gradually waxing hotter and hotter -throughout the United Provinces had now assumed a most formidable -aspect. The whole country was divided into two separate factions of the -Arminians and the Gomarites; the former party strongly opposing, and the -latter strenuous upholding, the doctrines of Calvin. After some -wavering, or perhaps we had better say investigation, of the subject, -Grotius decided on embracing the tenets of Arminius. Remonstrances and -counter-remonstrances were brought forward by the two parties, Synods -were convened, public disturbances ensued, and the disputes which had -commenced in a question of dogma developed into political animosity. A -decree was issued by the States, with a view to putting down the serious -riots which had lately occurred, and extraordinary powers were granted -to magisterial bodies, a measure which, combined with others equally -obnoxious to him, gave great offence to Maurice of Nassau, the -Stadtholder, and he was violently incensed against the men at whose -instigation the step had been taken. Between the prince and the friend -of his youth, John Olden Barneveldt, great differences of opinion had -for some time existed, and it was in the year 1619 that this venerable -patriot and his friend Grotius were both thrown into prison—whence the -former, after a summary and unjust trial, only came out on his way to -the scaffold. In that solemn moment Barneveldt showed great solicitude -as to the fate of his friend, and learning in answer to his question -that Grotius did not lie under sentence of death, he exclaimed, ‘I -greatly rejoice, for he is young, and will, I firmly trust, live long to -be of service to his country.’ The trial of Grotius followed, and -accusations as groundless as those which had been brought forward -against the grand Pensionary were laid to his charge, including treason -to his country, complicity with Spain, etc. etc., and he was sentenced -to imprisonment for life and the confiscation of his entire property. He -was conveyed from one prison to another, until the castle of -Loevenstein, near Gorcum in South Holland, was chosen for his final -resting-place. This gloomy old fortress was considered impregnable, and -the most stringent measures were taken against escape; indeed the -internal arrangements of the building and its contiguity to the river -seemed to preclude all possibility of evasion. Here Grotius and his -learned friend Hogersbaert were immured, and by dint of manifold -petitions and ‘continual wearying,’ their faithful wives were allowed to -share their captivity. But all intercourse was forbidden between the two -men who were attached to each other, not only by friendship, but -sympathy in literary pursuits, while the poor ladies were altogether -denied the consolation of each other’s society; and when Hogersbaert’s -wife fell ill, Madame Grotius petitioned in vain for the privilege (so -dear to every gentle-hearted woman) of ministering to her friend in -sickness, or cheering her last moments with the promise of watching over -the dying mother’s six helpless children. The only proof of sympathy -which one captive was allowed to show the other was in the transmission -of a pathetic epitaph by Hugo Grotius, which was gratefully received by -the unhappy widower. - -Madame Grotius had contrived to retain a portion of her own, when her -husband’s property was confiscated, and with this small sum she -endeavoured to make his condition less intolerable. She rejected with -disdain the scanty dole allowed by Government for the maintenance of the -prisoner, and constantly ferried over to Gorcum, on the opposite side of -the river, to cater for little dainties for her lord, and the noble dame -would stand for hours over the kitchen fire preparing the daily banquet -for him and for their children. Maria was indeed one of those characters -of combined strength and tenderness, which go near to form ‘the perfect -woman.’ When her husband was first arrested, her anxiety for his life -never betrayed her into weakness or cowardice; on the contrary, she -wrote constantly, urging him to maintain his principles, and rather die -than ask pardon, which could only be obtained through servile -submission. Her admiration for Grotius, and her pride in his genius, -could only be equalled by her affection. To think that a man, with whose -name Europe already rang, whose writings were fated to influence the -destinies of nations—that he should waste the best days of his life in -prison—wither away, as it were, in a living tomb,—the thought was -intolerable to her. The Commandant of the fortress, one Deventer, -cherished a spite against his noble prisoner, arising from some family -feud which had been handed down from the last generation, and he took -especial delight in riveting the heavy chains as tightly as he could, -and making captivity unbearable. Air and exercise were seldom -vouchsafed, and Grotius, the philosopher, the metaphysician, the -historian, the world-famed author, might be seen spinning a large top in -the lobby adjoining his apartments for the best exercise he could get! -Even the society of his beloved wife and that of his children did not -suffice to prevent the hours from dragging heavily along, deprived as he -was of the joys of a scholar’s heart, the books in which he could study -the thoughts of others, the writing materials with which he could record -his own; therefore Maria never rested until she had wrung from the -authorities the permission to obtain from Grotius’s own library the -volumes most coveted, together with pen, ink, and paper. Henceforth the -captive’s life was no longer a blank. He devoured his classics, he made -notes and translations, he wrote works on History, Theology, -Jurisprudence, and thus shed a light on the outer world from behind the -walls of his gloomy fortress. But these alleviations were not sufficient -to content the faithful wife; she had more daring schemes in view. Had -she ever heard, or does the Dutch language, so rich in proverbs, contain -an equivalent for our ‘Love laughs at locksmiths’? Certain it is she was -destined to realise the words of a lowly poet of our own days— - - ‘Oh! woman all would do, would dare; - To save her heart’s best cherished care - She’d roam the world tract wide, - Nor bolts nor bars can ’gainst her stand, - Or weapons stay her gentle hand, - When love and duty guide.’ - -She laid her train most carefully, most skilfully, nor did she allow any -undue haste to mar its fulfilment. She had in her constant marketings at -Gorcum cultivated the acquaintance and gained the friendship of many of -the bettermost tradespeople of the town, and her maid Lieschen, who was -market-woman in turn, was instructed to do the same. They both talked -constantly to the good burghers’ wives, and interested them in behalf of -the captive, the great writer and philosopher, and, what came nearer the -women’s hearts, the tender husband and father. The plot was ripening in -the devoted conspirator’s mind; but there came a moment of suspicion and -alarm; it was reported that Madame Grotius had bought a coil of ropes in -Gorcum, doubtless to facilitate her husband’s escape. An inquiry was -instituted, when the suspected lady herself pointed out to the -emissaries of justice, that ropes, even wings, could they be procured, -would be unavailing in a dungeon where the captive on his entrance had -to pass through thirteen different doors, each of which was bolted after -him. She had in fact other means in store, and fortune favoured her in -one particular, namely, that the cross-grained commandant was summoned -to a distant town on military business, and Maria Grotius had already -ingratiated herself with Madame Deventer by occasional presents of -luxuries, to which the good lady was by no means insensible, such as -venison, poultry, and the like. When the books were first allowed to -enter the prison walls, the chest was submitted on its entrance and exit -to a strict search, which had of late been deemed unnecessary. - -Accordingly, one day in the absence of the Governor, Madame Grotius went -to call on his wife, who always received her kindly. ‘I am come,’ she -said, ‘to ask you to help me. My husband is killing himself, poring over -those dreadful folios, and making himself ill. We are both very grateful -for the permission granted that he should have the use of his own -library, but lately he has been working his brain, and tiring his head -over those tremendously heavy volumes, heavy in every sense of the word, -I want to send them away, and get others lighter and smaller. Now, of -course, your word is as good as that of your husband in his absence. Do -me the kindness to order your men to carry down the chest as usual to -the water’s edge, and not demur because it is extra heavy. I have a -perfect spite against those bulky volumes.’ The vice-regent of the -commandant, ‘dressed in a little brief authority,’ made use of it to -oblige her friend, and gave the order willingly. Maria went back to her -own quarters. ‘Mother, dear,’ said Cornelia, the eldest of her children, -‘did you not say to-morrow was the Fair at Gorcum, and that you were -told on such occasions even exiles and outlaws might appear in the town? -Why should not dear father go there in that case?’ Surely out of the -child’s mouth came a word of wisdom; she little knew that her remark was -hailed as an omen by her parents. Maria von Grotius next sent for her -maid, and asked her the startling question, ‘If we can conceal your -master in the book-chest, will you take charge of it to Gorcum, and -incur the whole risk?’—which was indeed great. The loving wife would -gladly have undertaken the task herself, but she judged it would be more -likely to avert suspicion if she remained in the castle. The brave girl -pledged herself to carry out the directions of her mistress to the -letter, and the two women began their arduous and dangerous -preparations. It was the beginning of the week, and the month March -1621, that Grotius rose early and, kneeling down by the side of the -empty trunk, prayed fervently for the success of the hazardous -enterprise. He was dressed in soft linen and underclothing, and got into -the chest, which was only four feet long, and narrow in proportion, he -being a tall and strongly built man. His wife helped him to coil himself -up, and then placed a large Testament as a pillow for the beloved head, -the position of which she arranged so that the mouth should come -opposite the small holes she had drilled to admit a little air. She -closed the chest and sat on the top for a considerable time, to -ascertain if her husband could possibly endure the confinement. Then -lifting the lid once more, she knelt down and took a solemn farewell of -him she best loved on earth, kissed him tenderly, locked the box, and -gave the key to the maid. We can only guess at the feelings of anguish -and tenderness which convulsed the heart of that noble woman at that -supreme instant. Then she arranged her husband’s day-clothes on the -chair, with his dressing slippers, and drew the curtains closely round -the bed, into which she got hastily. After that she rang the bell, and -when the servant who usually waited on them answered the summons, she -looked out and said she was so sorry she could not go to Gorcum that day -for she was not well herself, and did not like to leave her husband who -was very ill; throwing out at the same time a hint that he was feverish, -and there might be fear of infection. The servant said it was all the -better she should not go, for the river was swollen and the wind was -high, and in fact it was almost dangerous. ‘That is unfortunate,’ she -said, ‘for my husband resolved that these heavy folios should go to-day; -however, my maid is no coward, and she will take charge of them, even if -the ferry should be rough.’ She then bade him go and summon the soldiers -whom Madame Deventer had told off to carry the chest. They came, and on -lifting it one of them said, ‘I believe the Arminian is inside, it is so -confoundedly heavy.’ - -The poor wife trembling behind the closely drawn curtains made some tame -jest about the relative weight of a man and those horrid books, and then -the precious load was carried out of the room. But Lieschen had many -terrible moments yet to come. The soldiers maintained, nothing but a man -could weigh so heavily, and one of them said he would get a gimlet and -run it into the Arminian, and another told anecdotes of how malefactors -had been smuggled out of prison in a like manner. Poor Lieschen had to -jest, while her heart quaked: ‘Your gimlet must be a long one,’ she -said, ‘to reach my master in his bedroom in the castle.’ Then followed -the awful question, whether Madame Deventer would consider it necessary -to inspect the contents of the chest, which she fortunately declined. So -on the soldiers went, grumbling at their heavy load, and when they -arrived at the wharf, the maid entreated that a double plank might be -placed to carry the chest on board, for, said she, ‘those books are to -be returned to a learned Professor, and I shall never be forgiven if any -mischance should befall them.’ At length the transport was effected, and -the large box deposited on the deck beside Lieschen. The river was much -swollen, the wind was raging, the vessel heeled over to one side, and -the girl had to beseech the skipper to have the box secured with ropes, -and down she sat beside it in an agony of terror, both for herself and -her precious charge. She then threw a white handkerchief over her head -and let the ends flutter in the breeze, the signal that had been agreed -on between her and her mistress to show so far all was well and the -vessel in motion; for a servant in the castle had added to the women’s -accumulated terror by predicting that the captain would not embark in -such a storm. - -The unhappy wife was straining her eyes, dimmed by tears, between the -bars of the window, while the maid sat shivering with cold and fear, her -head between her hands; and on the top of the chest an officer of the -garrison had taken up his post, and drummed and pommelled with his feet -against the sides, and she dared not bid him desist from doing so—for -what reason could she assign for interference? At last she bethought -herself to ask him to get off, as there were not only books but fragile -china in the chest, and he might break it by that constant shaking. The -longest voyage, like the longest day, will have an end, and surely that -voyage from Loevenstein to Gorcum must have seemed like one round the -world to the terrified girl; yet her fears did not deaden her woman’s -wit, and she was always ready with an answer. She bribed the skipper and -his son to transport the chest themselves to its destination on a -hand-barrow, beside which she walked. ‘Do you hear what my boy says?’ -observed the captain; ‘he declares there is some living thing in your -trunk, Miss.’ ‘No doubt,’ was the answer, with a forced laugh; ‘don’t -you know that Arminian books are alive, full of motion and spirit?’ In -this manner the three companions, with the fourth concealed, threaded -the dense crowds of the fair at Gorcum, and made their way to a -warehouse which Lieschen indicated. It belonged to a well-to-do -tradesman (relative of a learned professor, a friend of the prisoner’s), -and the wife was one of those whom Maria von Grotius frequently visited -on her marketing expeditions to Gorcum. The bearers of the chest were -exorbitant in their demands, but Lieschen was very anxious to be -relieved of their presence, and made little haggling about the price. No -sooner had they departed than the poor girl hastened into the shop where -the ribbon-dealer and his wife were busy selling their wares, and -stepping noiselessly up to the latter, whispered the truth in her -astonished ear. The startled Vrouw became deathly pale, and seemed like -to faint, but she left the shop with Lieschen, and then what a moment of -condensed and mingled hope and terror! Lieschen kneeled down and -knocked. ‘Master, dear master,’ she exclaimed. No answer. ‘Oh my God, he -is dead,’ cried the girl, while her companion stood quaking with terror -and calling out it was a bad business. But hark! A feeble cry from the -inside, ‘Open quick, I was not sure of your voice.’ The chest was -opened, and Grotius arose, almost as from a tomb. The still terrified -shopwoman took Lieschen and her master into an upper room through a -trap-door, and then began to tell him how alarmed she was, and that she -feared, if he were found, her husband would be imprisoned in his stead, -and all their property forfeited. ‘No, no,’ said Grotius, ‘before I got -into this trunk I prayed earnestly to God, who has preserved me -hitherto, but rather than ruin you and your husband, I would get into -the box again, and go back to Loevenstein.’ ‘Oh no,’ said the -kind-hearted woman, ‘we will do all in our power to serve you’; and off -she flew to her brother-in-law, a clothier of Gorcum, whom she found in -conversation with the very officer who had been Lieschen’s -fellow-passenger, and who had annoyed her by sitting on the trunk. -Drawing her relative aside, the mercer’s wife explained the whole state -of the case, and bade him follow her to the warehouse without a moment’s -delay, when she would introduce him to the fugitive. - -The clothier was nothing loath to be instrumental in the escape of a man -whom he greatly admired, being himself no mean scholar, and well -acquainted with the writings of Grotius, on entering whose presence, he -thus addressed him, ‘Are you, sir, that man with whose name the whole of -Europe is now ringing?’ - -‘I am Hugo Grotius,’ was the reply, ‘and into your hands I commit my -safety and my life.’ - -No time was lost. The clothier, who was acquainted with every one in -Gorcum, found the man he could trust, a mason working on a scaffolding -in the town. He beckoned him down, and told him there was an errand of -mercy to be performed, to which a large reward was appended, and asked -if he would undertake the task. The mason answered in the affirmative, -and was then directed to procure a set of working-men’s clothes, which -unfortunately proved too scanty for Grotius, and thus occasioned a new -difficulty; the trunk-hose and sleeves were too short, the latter -revealing the finely shaped white hand, whose hardest labour had -hitherto been the work of the pen. The two women had much ado to patch -up and lengthen out, and with dirt and clay, putty and plaster, they -smeared the hands of the great philosopher, and sent him forth with fear -and trembling, to run the gauntlet of many dangers. Next door was a -library, which was the resort of learned professors, and book-lovers of -all kinds, to many of whom Grotius was known by sight. He slouched his -felt hat over his eyes, took his measuring-wand in his hand, and -followed the mason through the streets to the bank of the river, where -the friendly clothier met them. The weather was still boisterous, and -the boatmen refused to ply, till the mason urged on them the necessity -he was under of fulfilling a contract for buying stone for a large -building at Altona, and assured them he would be a considerable loser by -delay. These arguments were backed by the clothier, who put his hand -into his pocket, and drew forth the most convincing of all arguments in -the eyes of the boatmen. And at length the embarkation was effected; the -ferry crossed in safety, and then the two masons walked to a -neighbouring town, where they hired a carriage, and entering into -confidential talk with the driver, informed him that the taller of the -two was a disguised bankrupt flying from his creditors into foreign -territory, and this, they said, would account for his wish to avoid -observation as they passed through the towns. On went the little -carriage, the driver of which was not long before he set down Grotius as -a fool who soon ‘parted with his money,’ for of its value he showed a -profound ignorance. In this respect we see that the driver differed in -opinion from the rest of the world. They travelled through the night, -and on the morrow, arriving early within a few leagues of Antwerp, they -were met by a patrol of soldiers, who challenged them, asked for their -passport, and inquired to whose service they belonged. Grotius evaded -the question, and added jestingly, ‘As to my passport, that is in my -feet.’ They fraternised, and the fugitive had now not only a military -escort, but a good horse provided for his own riding; and in this manner -entered the city of Antwerp. He alighted at the house of a banished -friend, who proved to be in great anxiety on account of his wife’s -illness, so the daughter of the family informed him; but no sooner did -her parents learn the name of their unexpected visitor, than not only -the master of the house, but the invalid herself hastened down to bid -him welcome. The meeting was indeed a happy one, and although secrecy -was deemed prudent, yet the news spread among a few compatriots, under -the same sentence of proscription, who all flocked to the house, where a -joyous little banquet was prepared, at which the illustrious journeyman -mason, still in his working clothes, presided. Conversation flowed, and -glasses clinked merrily that night to the health of Grotius and his -gallant Maria, not forgetting the brave and faithful handmaiden. In the -meantime how went affairs at Loevenstein? Madame Grotius had given out -that her husband’s illness was infectious; but no sooner was she -apprised of his safety, than she laughed her gaoler and his guards to -scorn. ‘Here is the cage,’ she said merrily, ‘but the bird has flown!’ -The commandant rained curses on her head, and increased the rigour of -her imprisonment. He went across the river to browbeat the good -shopwoman and her husband, but all this fuming and fretting did not -bring back the prisoner. Madame Grotius sent a petition to the -States-General and to the Stadtholder, to which neither were insensible. -It was on this occasion that Prince Maurice (who was not wont to measure -his words) made the ungallant speech—‘I thought that _black pig_ would -outwit us.’ We can fancy he said it with a grim smile, for very shortly -afterwards Madame Grotius found herself at liberty, with the permission -to carry away all that belonged to her in Loevenstein. Grotius, on his -part, addressed a letter to the States-General before leaving Antwerp, -in which he maintained that he had done his duty as Pensionary of -Rotterdam, in the measures he had advocated, thereby incurring their -censure, and he proceeded at length to propound his political views, and -to offer suggestions for the restoration and maintenance of internal -peace, concluding by justifying the means he had used for escape, having -employed ‘neither violence nor corruption.’ And he furthermore declared -that the persecutions he had suffered, and the hardships to which he had -been exposed, could never diminish his love for his country, for whose -prosperity he devoutly prayed. - -Grotius remained some time at Antwerp, and then determined on proceeding -to France, where his wife and family were allowed to join him; and -Lieschen, good, brave Lieschen, who would not rejoice to hear that her -fate was one usually reserved for the last page of a story-book—‘she -lived happy ever afterwards,’ becoming the wife of her faithful -fellow-servant, who had learned the rudiments of law from his master -during their captivity,—a study which the good man continued on leaving -Loevenstein, and rose step by step until he became a thriving and -respected advocate in the tribunals of Holland. - -But to return to Grotius: On his arrival in Paris he was kindly received -by the French King, who granted him a provisional pension (very -uncertain, by the way, in payment). In a pleasant country-house which -had been lent him, in the environs of Senlis, he resumed his literary -labours with great assiduity, working first at his ‘Apology,’ which he -wrote in his mother-tongue, and sent off to Holland as soon as -completed. This was a full and detailed exposition of the motives which -had actuated his conduct, and of his religious and political sentiments. -It produced the greatest possible excitement in Holland. The Government -designated it as a foul and slanderous libel, reflecting on the honour -of the States, of the Stadtholder, and all manner of bodies magisterial -and municipal. The publication was interdicted, and every person -forbidden, on pain of death, to retain it in their possession. In the -meantime the ‘Apology’ was published, and eagerly read in Paris, and -Grotius now set to work on his famous treatise on the Rights of Peace -and War. - -The pretty country-house in which he lived was the resort of men of -letters, and among his frequent visitors was the learned De Thou, who -gave him the free use of his valuable library. In 1625, on the death of -Prince Maurice, the exile wrote to the new Stadtholder, Frederic Henry, -asking permission to return, but without success. He then sent his wife -into Holland, and through her judicious management and the exertions of -his friends, the reversal of the decree of confiscation was obtained, -and his property and effects were restored to him. At length he ventured -back to his own country in person, and first proceeded to Rotterdam, -where he was cordially received in private, but the authorities would -not sanction his appearance in public, and the same reception awaited -him at Amsterdam and Delft. The States-General, of whom he disdained to -ask pardon (‘for,’ said he, ‘in what have I offended?’) were exasperated -at his boldness in venturing back without permission, and orders were -given to seize his person, and give notice to the Government, while a -reward of 2000 florins was offered for his capture; but Grotius was too -much beloved; no one was found to betray him. Still his position was -undoubtedly perilous, and joining his wife on her return from Zeeland, -they took up their abode for the summer and winter in or near the town -of Hamburg. - -Grotius was now overwhelmed with proposals of employment, and overtures -of all descriptions from foreign powers—Spain, Poland, the Duchy of -Holstein, and the hero Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, for whom our -philosopher had the profoundest veneration. With this monarch’s envoy at -the French Court, Benedict Oxenstiern, a relative of the celebrated -Chancellor, Grotius had formed an intimate friendship, and when they -were both residing at Frankfort, they became almost inseparable. The -King of Sweden died, and was succeeded by his daughter, the eccentric -Christina, whose admiration for the fame of Grotius even exceeded that -of her father. Through the medium of Oxenstiern she made him numerous -offers, but Grotius declined all but one employment. He volunteered to -return to Paris as the Swedish Ambassador, provided the Queen would -allow him a sufficient salary to maintain his position as her -representative, which nomination was most distasteful to Richelieu, who -was then Prime Minister. But after a time his opposition was overruled, -and Grotius made his public entry into the French capital, where the -crooked and tortuous policy pursued by Richelieu, and continued by his -successor, Cardinal Mazarin, was most distasteful to Christina’s envoy, -added to which he was weary of politics, diplomacy, and Court life, and -earnestly solicited his recall. Christina acquiesced in the demand, but -desired him to repair to Stockholm, where she joined him. Her Majesty -did all in her power by promises of provision and favour for himself, -his wife, and family, to induce Grotius to become a resident in her -country. But he withstood all her tempting offers. Many difficulties to -his departure were thrown in his way, but at last he embarked on a -vessel bound for Lubeck. He had not been long at sea before a tremendous -storm arose, and after three days continual tossing, and constant danger -of shipwreck, the passengers landed on the coast of Pomerania, about -fourteen miles from Dantzig. Grotius was far from well when he left -Stockholm; the climate had proved too cold for him. He had been very ill -on the voyage, and after travelling sixty miles in an open wagon, -exposed to violent wind and rain, he arrived at Rostock in a most -enfeebled condition. No sooner had he arrived than he sent for the -doctor and the clergyman, who thus describes his interview in a letter: -‘If you are anxious to know how that Phœnix of literature, Hugo Grotius, -behaved in his last moments, I will tell you. He sent for me at night. I -found him almost at the point of death, and told him how deeply I -regretted that I had never seen him in health, to benefit by his -conversation. “God has ordered it otherwise,” he said. I then bade him -prepare for a happier life; to acknowledge and repent his sins, and, -chancing to allude to the Pharisee and the publican, “I am that -publican,” he exclaimed. When I told him to have recourse to Jesus -Christ, without whom is no salvation, he answered: “In Him alone I place -my trust.” Then I repeated aloud the German prayer that begins, “Herr -Jesu.” He followed in a low voice with clasped hands. I inquired if he -understood all, and he said, “Quite well.” I continued to read passages -of the Word of God for dying persons.’ Thus expired this great and good -man, far from the kindred he loved, his heart still true to the country -which had rejected and expelled him, his deathbed watched by strangers. -His body was embalmed and transported to his native city of Delft, where -it was interred with great pomp by his fellow-citizens, who at first -proposed to erect a statue in his honour, similar to that of Erasmus at -Rotterdam, but the idea was abandoned. It was reserved for his -descendants to raise a monument to his memory in the said church. We -transcribe the modest epitaph written by Grotius on himself— - - GROTIUS HIC HUGO EST, BATAVUM CAPTIVUS, ET EXUL - LEGATUS REGNY REGNI SUECIS MAGNAFUI. - - - ------- - - - No. 6. THE HONOURABLE ANDREW NEWPORT. - - _In armour. Light brown sleeves. Rich lace cravat. Long hair._ - - BORN 1622, DIED 1699. - - BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - - -HE was the son of Lord Newport, the noted Royalist, by Rachel, daughter -of Sir John Levison, Knight, of Harington, County Kent, and sister of -Sir Richard Levison, Knight of the Bath, of Trentham, County Stafford. - -Andrew was Commissioner of Customs to Charles the Second. He was M.P. -for Shrewsbury from 1689 to 1698. Died unmarried, and was buried at -Wroxeter. He bequeathed his manor of Dythan, County Montgomery, and -other estates in the same county, and in that of Salop, to his nephew -Richard, Lord Newport, son of Francis, Earl of Bradford. Lord Clarendon, -in his _History of the Civil Wars_, makes frequent mention of Andrew -Newport. - - - ------- - - - No. 9. THOMAS WENTWORTH, EARL OF STRAFFORD, AND HIS SECRETARY. - - _Black dress._ - - BORN 1594, EXECUTED 1641. - - AFTER VANDYCK. - - -THE eldest son of Sir William Wentworth of Wentworth Wodehouse, County -York, by Anne Atkinson of Stowel, County Gloucester. He succeeded his -father in his large estates when only twenty-one, being already the -husband of ‘a fair wife.’ - -Shortly after his succession he was elected M.P. for York and _Custos -Rotulorum_ in place of Lord Savile, superseded on account of misconduct, -an office from which the Duke of Buckingham requested him to retire that -Lord Savile might be reinstated, a proceeding which nettled the high -spirit of Sir Thomas, who wrote a refusal so indignant as to make a -lifelong enemy of the favourite. - -Until the accession of Charles the First, Wentworth, although a silent -member of the House of Commons, was a zealous advocate of the Liberal -party and a strenuous opposer of the encroachments of the Court. Through -the instrumentality of Buckingham he was disqualified from voting by -having the post of High Sheriff thrust upon him, and he was soon after -summarily dismissed from his office of _Custos Rotulorum_. In the -ensuing year he was summoned before the Council and sentenced to -imprisonment for refusing to contribute to a loan (levied without the -consent of Parliament), on which occasion he made a noble speech -expressing his loyalty to the person of Charles the First and his desire -to serve him in any way consistent with his duty to his country. On his -release from prison he became a strong leader of the Opposition and an -eloquent advocate of the famous ‘Petition of Rights,’ to which the King -was compelled to yield his unwilling consent. Then suddenly came the -adoption of that line of conduct, so differently judged and so -differently accounted for by different biographers. Wentworth declared -his conviction that the nation might now be content with the concessions -made by the Crown, bade adieu to the party of the ‘Pyms and the -Prynnes,’ walked over to the other side of the House and offered his -services, head, heart, and sword, to the royal cause. By some he was -termed a traitor, a time-server, an apostate, while others upheld the -conduct of a man who chose the moment of impending danger to rally round -the unsteady throne and the unpopular sovereign. Charles naturally -received him with open arms, and loaded him with favours; but his old -ally, Pym, meeting him one day, uttered these ominous words, ‘You are -going to leave us, but I will never leave you while you have ahead on -your shoulders’; words too cruelly redeemed. - -The murder of the Duke of Buckingham made way for Wentworth’s -advancement. Raised to the peerage by the title of Viscount Wentworth, -he was appointed Lord-Deputy and Commander-in-Chief in Ireland, and -sailed for that ‘distressful country’ with a code for his own -government, drawn up by himself, in his pocket, from which he never -swerved. Lord Wentworth’s administration of Irish affairs, his transient -popularity, his reforms in matters civil, military, and religious, his -quarrels with the Irish nobles, his punctilio in minute questions of -form and ceremony, his hurried voyages to and from England, are subjects -intimately connected with the history of the times, but too lengthy to -be detailed here. It would have been well for the Lord-Deputy if he had -taken the advice of his lifelong friend and correspondent, Archbishop -Laud, and had curbed his impetuosity on many occasions. - -In 1639 he crossed to England, was created Earl of Strafford, gained the -title of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, was received into the King’s full -confidence, and was for a time virtually Prime Minister. Not content -with advocating the necessities of raising subsidies, he contributed -£20,000 from his own privy purse (as an example to the nation) towards -the impending war with Scotland. In spite of ill-health and increasing -infirmities, Strafford crossed and recrossed St. George’s Channel to -attend to his duties on either side; the last time in a terrible storm, -and nearly died at Chester, on his road to London. Yet his indomitable -spirit would not yield. He joined the King at York, and found the army -in a sad plight, all hope and spirit fled, and the royal cause ‘in the -dust.’ He became the real, though not the nominal, Commander-in-chief, -and although unable to walk, and scarcely able to sit upright on his -saddle, Strafford rallied the troops, upbraided the sluggishness of the -leaders, and set a brilliant example of energy and courage. But the King -stayed his hand and thwarted his activity, loud all the while in his -praises, and giving him the Garter. Charles also insisted that they -should travel together to London, a proceeding to which Strafford was -strongly opposed,—two victims hastening to their doom. - -A few days after the opening of Parliament Pym began his long-meditated -attack on his former friend—the blood-hounds were on the track, the hunt -was up. Our limited space forbids us to do more than glance at the -circumstances of Strafford’s arrest and trial, but in truth it is a -well-known tale. He was impeached by Pym of high treason, compelled to -listen to the charge on his knees, was given into custody, and lodged in -the Tower. There is extant a most graphic description of the scene which -Westminster Hall presented on the occasion of the trial, crowded to the -roof, the King and Queen being present, and the whole court and nobility -of England, ladies of the highest rank, whose tears flowed copiously, -and whose verdict was unanimous in favour of the illustrious prisoner. -It was well said by the elder Disraeli, that ‘Strafford’s eloquence was -so great as to perpetuate the sympathy which he received in the hour of -his agony.’ He had indeed need of his eloquence. Every obstacle was -thrown in his way, especially in the matter of summoning witnesses, -while his personal enemies were invited from all parts of the country. -His confidence was betrayed, his words perverted, the whole proceedings -were unlawful and unprecedented, and the Solicitor-General heaped -insults on the accused. A Bill of Attainder was provided, and the few -individuals who gave negative votes had their names posted up in the -City as Straffordians. - -There was a passage of arms between the two Houses on the subject, but -the vultures were hovering round, and would not be disappointed of their -prey. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, was declared guilty of high -treason. On this sad passage, the saddest of all in Charles’s sad life, -we need not dwell long. He had pledged his royal word to his noble -friend, ‘You shall not suffer in honour, in fortune, or in life.’ Yet -after some hesitation and delay, weeping all the time, he signed the -death-warrant, laying up for himself hours of deep remorse during the -few years he survived. The generous prisoner wrote to his master, -indeed, to absolve him from his promise; but when he learned he was to -prepare for death, he raised his eyes to heaven exclaiming, ‘Put not -your trust in princes, or in any child of man.’ - -During the short interval between the sentence and the execution, the -captive busied himself in settling his worldly affairs, writing wise, -tender, and pathetic letters to his relatives, and devoting his mind to -the fulfilment of his religious duties. - -An earnest request to be allowed to visit his attached friend and -fellow-prisoner, Archbishop Laud, was cruelly refused, and he was only -permitted to send him a message, entreating the prelate’s blessing as he -passed to execution. Accordingly, on the 12th of May 1641, Strafford, on -his way to the scaffold, raised his eyes to the window of the cell where -the Archbishop was confined, and perceived the aged and trembling hand -waving through the bars a solemn farewell to the man he had so long and -so faithfully loved. Thousands of spectators lined the streets, the -passions of the mob had been so excited against the prisoner that the -guards kept close to the carriage lest he should be torn to pieces. -Strafford smiled calmly, and remarked it would matter little to him -whether he died by the hands of the executioner or by those of the -people. ‘He had faced death too often to fear it in any shape.’ - -His friend, Archbishop Ussher, and his brother, Sir George Wentworth, -were already on the platform. Strafford spoke for some time. He declared -that his whole aim through life had been the joint and individual -prosperity of the King and the people, although he had had the -misfortune to be misconstrued. He denied all the charges brought against -him, asked forgiveness of all men he had injured, and prayed ‘that we -may all meet eternally in heaven, where sad thoughts shall be driven -from our hearts, and tears wiped from our eyes.’ Then he bade farewell -to those near him, embracing his brother, by whom he sent tender -messages to his wife and children. ‘One stroke,’ he said, ‘will make my -wife husbandless, my children fatherless, my servants masterless; but -let God be to you and to them all in all.’ Taking off his doublet, he -thanked God he could do so as cheerfully as ever he did when going to -bed. Then he forgave the executioner and all the world. It was indeed an -imposing scene,—Strafford on that momentous day apparently restored to -all the energy of health and vigour, his symmetrical form, his regular -features, with a complexion ‘pallid but manly.’ Once more he knelt in -prayer between the Archbishop and the Minister, tried the block, and -having warned the executioner that he would give the sign, stretched -forth his white and beautifully formed hands, which Vandyck has -immortalised, which Henrietta Maria, his sworn enemy, had pronounced the -finest in the world; and one stroke from the cruel axe ended the mortal -career of Thomas, Earl of Strafford. - -He was thrice married,—first, to Lady Margaret Clifford, who died -childless; secondly, to Lady Arabella Holles, daughter to the Earl of -Clare, by whom he had one son and two daughters; and thirdly, to -Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Godfrey Rhodes (the marriage was a -clandestine one), from whom he was separated for a period immediately -after the ceremony, and it was some time before he would acknowledge her -openly; in fact a mystery hung over the whole matter. Lord Strafford’s -letters to this lady during his trial were couched in affectionate -terms. She bore him several children, one of whom alone survived him. Of -his connection with that beautiful schemer, Lady Carlisle, born Percy, -there can be no doubt,—‘she who,’ says Sir Philip Warwick, ‘changed her -gallant from Strafford to Pym, thus going over to his deadly enemy’; but -there were many other names coupled with that of Lord Strafford, -apparently without any reason, save the love of slander. - - - ------- - - - No. 10. COLONEL THE HONOURABLE JOHN RUSSELL. - - _Brown embroidered dress. Wig._ - - DIED 1681. - - BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - - -HE was the youngest son of Francis, fourth Earl of Bedford, by Catherine -Bridges. He served with distinction in the royal army under Charles the -First, and at the Restoration was appointed Colonel of the first -regiment of the Foot Guards. At one time there were negotiations -carrying on for his marriage with a daughter of the Earl of Bath, which -was prevented by the young lady’s family, who were desirous she should -marry her cousin, heir to the Earldom of Bath. The gallant colonel then -became a suitor for the hand of the famous beauty La Belle Hamilton. -There is a laughable description of him in the _Memoires de Grammont_, -and we cannot but think that as the chronicler himself carried off the -prize, he might have been rather more generous in his delineation of an -unsuccessful rival: - -‘M. Le Colonel Russell avoit bien soixante ans, son courage et sa -fidélité l’avoient distingué dans les guerres civiles. Il n’y avoit pas -longtemps qu’on avoit quitté le ridicule, des chapeaux pointus, pour -tomber dans l’autre extrémité. Le vieux Russell, effraié d’une chute si -terrible, voulut prendre un milieu qui le rendit remarquable. Il l’étoit -encore par la constance envers les pourpoints taillardés qu’il a -soutenus longtemps après leur suppression universelle. Mais ce qui -surprenoit le plus c’étoit un certain mélange d’avarice et de libéralité -sans cesse en guerre l’une avec l’autre, depuis qu’il y étoit avec -l’amour.’ - -He was selected by his nephew, Lord Russell, to carry the noble letter -which the prisoner had written from Newgate on the 19th July 1683 to the -King. - - - ------- - - - No. 11. FRANCIS RUSSELL, FOURTH EARL OF BEDFORD. - - _Black dress._ - - DIED 1641. - - BY REMÉE. - - -HE was the only son of William Russell, called the Heroic Baron of -Thornhaugh, whom he accompanied to Ireland when only nine years old. A -curious picture at Woburn leads us to believe that the young Francis -shared his father’s love of sport, being there represented in a white -hunting jacket with green hose, a hawk on his hand, and two dogs in -couples beside him. He was knighted in 1604 by James the First, at -Whitehall, and the ensuing year he married Catherine, daughter and -co-heir of Gyles Brydges, third Lord Chandos, with whom he lived very -happily; and during the first years of his marriage he devoted himself -to domestic life, and took great delight in study. Having received a -legal education he prosecuted his researches into questions of law, -parliamentary privileges and the like, which were destined to prove -useful to him in his public career. He succeeded his father, as Baron -Thornhaugh, in 1613; and his cousin, Edward Russell, in the Earldom of -Bedford in 1627. He frequented the society of such men as Sir Robert -Cotton, Selden, Eliott, and was ever ready, says one of his biographers, -to uphold the liberty of the subject against such despots as James the -First. On the accession of Charles the First, Lord Bedford continued the -same independent line of conduct, and several times fell under the -displeasure of the Court. In 1628 he distinguished himself by his -steadfast advocacy of the famous Petition of Rights (to which Charles -was in the end compelled to give an unwilling consent); and he received -in consequence the royal commands to betake himself to the distant -county of Devonshire, of which he was Lord-Lieutenant. Both political -bias and private friendship attached him to the so-called popular party, -which laid down as their principle for action ‘to prescribe limits to -the monarchical power.’ The profession of such opinions naturally led to -the fact that Lord Bedford, among many others, became an object of -suspicion to the Court. A rumour was set on foot that he had been -instrumental in the circulation of a seditious pamphlet, and on this -plea he was arrested and imprisoned for a short time. In 1630 he took a -prominent part in the drainage of the Fens in the centre of England, -including the counties of North Hants, Lincoln, Hunts, Bedford, -Cambridge, and Norfolk; called the Great Level, and subsequently in his -honour the Bedford Level. In 1637 this generous and public-minded man -had expended for his own share of this great work £100,000, but he was -not destined to witness its completion. The part that Lord Bedford took -in the political events of the day—in the struggles between King and -Parliament, in the differences with the Scots—is not all this written in -the chronicles of the civil wars of Charles the First’s disastrous -reign? Suffice it to say that some of the popular Lords, and Lord -Bedford in particular, became aware of the advisability of moderation, -and the necessity of curbing the headlong opposition of the popular -party. But we cannot do better than to quote the eloquent words of the -great historian Lord Clarendon (then Mr. Hyde). He says: ‘This Lord was -the person of the greatest interest in the whole party, being of the -best estate and best understanding, and therefore most likely to govern -the rest.’ He was also of great civility and good-nature, and though -occasionally hot-tempered, and for the moment impatient of -contradiction, yet his opinions were wise and moderate. He was a good -adviser to the King, and served him in the end far better than many who -cajoled and flattered him. Lord Bedford was a man of strict religion, -and withstood the attempt to evict the bishops from the Upper House. He -with many others of the same party were sworn of the Privy Council, and -in this manner gained Charles’s ear, and exercised some degree of -influence over him in regulating and modifying measures that appeared -prejudicial to the common good. He was selected to be one of the Lords -Commissioners sent to confer with the Scots in the hope to compose the -long-existing differences. The King liked to transact business with him, -and was inclined to listen to his suggestions as to persons fitted to be -appointed to offices of state. Indeed Charles pressed upon Lord Bedford -himself the post of Lord Treasurer, ‘which the Bishop of London was as -willing to lay down as any one else could be to take up,’ but Lord -Bedford refused the office. He was one of the few Peers (to his honour -be it spoken) who exerted himself to the utmost to save the life of Lord -Strafford. He pleaded his cause vainly with his colleague, the Earl of -Essex; and finding him inexorable, prevailed on Mr. Hyde (in a long -interview he had on the subject) to intercede with Lord Essex. He also -endeavoured to keep the King up to his original intention of commuting -or mitigating the sentence. He observed to Mr. Hyde that he thought ‘the -Earl of Strafford’s business was a rock on which they would all split, -and that he was sure the passion of Parliament would undo the kingdom.’ - -But a sudden attack of illness arrested Lord Bedford’s useful and noble -career. He was seized with the small-pox, and on ascertaining the fact, -his first step was to send away his daughter, Lady Brooke, lest she -should fall a victim to the fell disease which wrought such havoc in the -house of Russell, seeing that his son and great-grandson both died of -the same. Lord Bedford was very much averse to the treatment which his -physician, Dr. Cragg, prescribed for him, namely, to be kept a close -prisoner to his bed. And when forbidden to get up, he sighed dolefully -and said, ‘Well, then, I must die to observe your rules.’ - -Dr. Cademan, a medical man who had advocated a different treatment, -published a pamphlet, which gave as his opinion that Lord Bedford ‘had -died of too much bed, rather than of the small-pox.’ The same authority, -speaking of the Earl’s devotion, says: ‘I never saw the like, though I -have waited upon many who had no other business left but to die well. -Commending his body to be buried with decency, but without pomp, his -breath was spent before his hands and eyes ceased to be lifted up to -Heaven, as if his soul would have carried his body along with it.’ - -So passed away on the 9th of May 1641 Francis Russell, called the wise -Earl of Bedford, a loss to the unfortunate Strafford, whose sentence was -carried out in a few days; a loss to the King, whose wholesome adviser -he was; a loss to the popular party, whose violence he would fain have -curbed. His death was universally mourned, and every mark of respect -paid to his memory. Three hundred coaches with Peers and their servants -attended; a long and solemn procession followed the body on its road to -Chenies, the burying-place of the Russell family, with led horses, -banners displayed, Garter King-at-Arms, ‘all the pomp of heraldry and -pride of power’; and this great and good man was interred amid the -prayers and tears of a large multitude. His widow survived him some -years, and was then buried beside him. - - - ------- - - - _No_. 13. WILLIAM, LORD RUSSELL. - - _In armour. Long flowing hair._ - - BORN 1639, EXECUTED 1683. - - BY RUSSELL. - - -HE was born second son of William, fifth Earl, afterwards first Duke, of -Bedford. He went with his elder brother, Lord Russell, to Cambridge, and -later travelled in his company, and that of a learned tutor on the -Continent. At Augsburg the brothers separated, and William proceeded to -Lyons, whence his letters home proved he amused himself very much, and -amidst a gay and brilliant society formed a close acquaintance with the -eccentric and celebrated ex-Queen, Christina of Sweden, who appeared to -have gained great influence over the young Englishman, who evinced a -great inclination for some time to enter the Swedish army as a -volunteer. His letters during his sojourn in France, many of which were -addressed to his tutor, to whom he was much attached, do him honour. -When _en route_ for England he fell sick at Paris, and finding himself, -as he writes, ‘at the gates of death,’ he assures his old friend that he -prays constantly to God to ‘give me grace that I may employ in His -service the life His mercy has spared to me.’ - -On his arrival at home, William for a time devoted himself to the care -of his brother, then in ill-health, and to giving his father assistance -in domestic affairs. At the Restoration, Lord Bedford and his family -were marked out for favour, and the Earl carried the sceptre at the -Coronation, and soon after William was elected member for Tavistock. -Handsome, accomplished, and nobly born, he became a shining light at the -brilliant Court of Charles the Second, but his tastes were too earnest, -and his bias too virtuous to find any lasting satisfaction in a society -so frivolous and immoral. An early attachment to a good and beautiful -woman proved a strong safeguard to the young courtier, which was crowned -about the year 1669, by a marriage, the happiness of which family and -historical records can vouch. It was indeed a well-assorted union, the -commencement of ‘domestic bliss,’ as the poet says, ‘the only happiness -which has survived the Fall.’ William Russell’s choice was Rachel, the -daughter of the noble loyalist, Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, -and the daughter-in-law of the Earl of Carbery, being the widow of his -eldest son, Lord Vaughan. We refer our readers to our sketch of Lady -Russell’s life, who retained her widowed title of Lady Vaughan until the -death of William’s elder brother. In the meantime he began his political -career by a zealous and conscientious attention to his parliamentary -duties, and was not long before he incurred the lasting animosity of the -Duke of York, and indeed of the King himself, by his zealous opposition -to many arbitrary measures proposed by the Court party, which, in -Russell’s opinion, were calculated to endanger ‘the liberty of the -subject, the safety of the kingdom, and the welfare of the Protestant -religion.’ In 1679 he was made a Privy Councillor, a dignity he did not -long enjoy, for we read shortly after ‘that the Lords Russell, -Cavendish, and others, finding the King’s heart and head were against -popular councils, and that their presence in Council could no longer -prevent pernicious measures, and not being willing to serve him against -the interests of their country, went to him together, and desired him to -excuse their attendance any more at Council.’ The King gladly accepted -their resignation, for he wanted men who would promote his arbitrary -measures, and thus, says Smollett, ‘Lord Russell, one of the most -popular and virtuous men of the nation, quitted the Council Board.’ - -He was a prominent promoter of the Bill of Exclusion to prevent the Duke -of York, or any Papist whatsoever, from succeeding to the Throne. When -the Bill passed the Commons, it was Lord Russell who carried it in -person to the Upper House, on which occasion he made a most eloquent -speech, and wound up by saying that in the event of changes so -occurring, he should be prevented living a Protestant, it was his fixed -resolution to die one. But all opposition to the Papal succession was -unavailing, and in 1681 the King dissolved Parliament, by which means -Lord Russell found himself at liberty for a short space to indulge in -the retirement and pleasures of a happy home with the wife and children -he adored. But his country’s welfare was ever paramount in his mind, and -he kept up his interest in public affairs. - -During the ensuing summer the Prince of Orange visited England, and had -several interviews and confidential conversations with Lord Russell, -who, moreover, made himself doubly obnoxious to the Court party by -meeting the Duke of Monmouth in his progress through the North, at the -head of a considerable body of men. - -In conversation with his domestic chaplain Lord Russell once remarked -that he was convinced he should one day fall a sacrifice, since -arbitrary government could never be set up in England while he lived to -oppose it, and that to the last drop of his blood. And it was evident he -took little pains to prevent the fulfilment of his own prophecy. This -was a period of plots and counter-plots. There had been much talk lately -of a Popish plot, and now the Protestant, or Rye House Plot, was said to -have been discovered, the object of which, it was affirmed, was to seize -the persons of the King and Duke of York on their return from Newmarket. -The enemies of Lord Russell, and several other noblemen, who -participated in his political views, were glad to take hold of any -pretext to secure the ruin of the men on whose downfall they were bent, -and many of the highest of England’s nobility were now loudly accused of -being implicated in the conspiracy, and orders were issued for their -arrest. The Duke of Monmouth was not forthcoming, but Lord Russell, -strong in his own innocence, refused to make his escape, though strongly -urged to do so by many of his friends. He disdained the notion of -flight, though from the beginning he gave himself up for lost. So he sat -calmly in his study awaiting the arrival of the officers, to whom he -made no resistance, and was conveyed first to the Tower and thence to -Newgate. - -Lord Essex was the next so-called conspirator apprehended, and he also -refused every argument for flight, saying that he considered his own -life not worth saving, if by drawing suspicion on Lord Russell, so -valuable a life as his, also should be endangered. The Duke of Monmouth -had it conveyed to Lord Russell that he would willingly give himself up -and share his fate. But the noble prisoner answered it would be no -advantage to him that his friends should suffer, and so, on the 13th of -July 1683, William, Lord Russell, stood at the bar of the Old Bailey on -a charge of high treason. That very morning the Lord Essex, who was only -a prisoner of three days’ standing, was found dead in the Tower with his -throat cut. This strange and melancholy event gave rise to conflicting -rumours. Many people were of opinion that there had been foul play, and -Evelyn was as surprised as he was grieved, ‘My Lord Essex being so well -known to me as a man of sober and religious deportment.’ The news coming -to Westminster Hall on the very day of Lord Russell’s trial, was said to -have had no little influence on the verdict which the jury returned. The -prisoner’s demeanour during his examination was marked by calm dignity -and absence of any sign of agitation, though he occasionally -expostulated against the injustice with which the proceedings were -carried on. Being asked how he wished to be tried, he replied, ‘By God -and my country.’ Alas! alas! the voices of Justice and of Mercy were -alike unheard in the courts of law that day. The prisoner represented -that he had been kept in ignorance, until the moment of his appearing at -the bar, of the nature of the charges which were to be brought against -him, and that he was allowed no time to select his own counsel, etc. -etc. He asked permission to employ the hand of another to take notes of -the evidence, upon which the Attorney-General (resolved to deprive him -of the help of any counsel) churlishly replied, he might have one of his -own servants to assist him. ‘Then,’ said Lord Russell, ‘the only -assistance I will ask is that of the lady beside me.’ At these words, -says a contemporary writer, ‘a thrill of anguish passed through the -court’—a moment of intense pathos, the frequent and glowing records of -which, by poet, painter, and historian, pale before the vivid colouring -of the fact itself: the noble prisoner turning in his hour of utmost -need to the gentle helpmate beside him, his servant, in the literal -acceptation of the word—for who could love or serve him better? Rachel, -Lady Russell, rose with a calm she had borrowed from her husband’s -example. Crushing down and stifling the varied emotions of sorrow, -indignation, and apprehension, forcing back the rising tears lest they -should dim the vision of the scribe, clenching the small white hand to -restore its requisite steadiness, Rachel stood motionless for an -instant, with every eye upon her—the cold scrutiny of the cruel judges, -the inquisitive stare of false friends and perjured witnesses,—while the -Attorney-General, in a more subdued tone of voice, said, ‘As the lady -pleases.’ She then with a firm step left her husband’s side, and took up -her post at the table below. That picture still remains stamped on the -memory of her countrymen through the lapse of more than two centuries, -and many who only half remember the details of that remarkable trial, -and its undoubted importance as regards subsequent events, still bear in -mind the touching episode of the beautiful secretary, the faithful -servant, the devoted wife and widow of William, Lord Russell. The jury -were not long in returning the verdict of Guilty,—‘an act,’ says Rapin, -‘of the most crying injustice that ever was perpetrated in England.’ - -To the cruel and hideous sentence for the execution of ‘a traitor,’ -which was read aloud in English (instead of Latin) by his own desire, -the prisoner listened with that decency and composure, ‘which,’ Burnet -tells us, ‘characterised his whole behaviour during the trial; even as -if the issue were a matter of indifference to him.’ The result of the -proceedings produced an intense excitement. The most strenuous efforts -were made in all quarters to save Lord Russell’s life both at home and -abroad. It was intimated to the King that M. de Ruvigny, a kinsman of -Lady Russell’s in favour at the Court of France, was coming over with a -special message from Louis the Fourteenth to intercede for the prisoner; -but Charles was said to have answered with cruel levity that he should -be ‘happy to receive M. de Ruvigny, but that Lord Russell’s head would -be off before he arrived.’ Many men of position and influence waited on -the King in person, and argued with him on the bad effect the execution -would produce in many quarters. The Duchess of Portsmouth had a large -sum of money offered to secure her interference, but all in vain. Then -Lord Russell’s ‘noble consort’ cast herself at the King’s feet, and -adjured him, by the memory of her father, the loyal and gallant -Southampton, to let his services atone for ‘the errors into which honest -but mistaken principles had seduced her husband.’ This was the last -instance of female weakness, if it deserve the name, into which Rachel -Russell was betrayed. But Charles was inexorable. He whose weak heart -was too easily swayed by beauty, too frequently overcome by emotion of a -baser kind, remained impervious to the tears and anguish of this lovely -and virtuous woman. Even the scanty mercy of a short respite was denied -her. She rose from her knees, collected her courage, and from that -moment she fortified herself against the fatal blow, and endeavoured by -her example to strengthen the resolution of her husband. ‘She gave me no -disturbance,’ was one of the touching tributes he paid her. Lord -Cavendish sent a proposition to the prisoner offering to facilitate his -escape, even to change clothes with him, and remain in his stead; but -Lord Russell returned a firm though grateful refusal, considering the -plan impracticable, unlawful, and dangerous to his faithful friend, and -so prepared quietly and calmly for the end, expressing his conviction -that the day of his execution would not be so disturbing to him as the -day of his trial. The time allotted to him was short. He occupied -himself much in writing. He addressed a letter to the King, which he -intrusted to his uncle, Colonel John Russell, to deliver to Charles -immediately after the execution; a noble and temperate letter, in which -the writer hopes his Majesty will excuse the presumption of an attainted -man. He asks pardon for anything he might have said or done that looked -like a want of respect to the King or duty to the Government. He acquits -himself of all designs (and goes on to declare his ignorance of any -such) against either King or Government. - - ‘Yet I do not deny that I have heard many things, and said some, - contrary to my duty, for which I have asked God’s pardon, and do - now humbly beg your Majesty’s. I take the liberty to add _that - though I have met with hard measure, yet I forgive all concerned - in it, from the highest to the lowest_; and I pray God to bless - your person and government, and that the public peace and the - true Protestant religion may be preserved under you; and I crave - leave to end my days with this sincere protestation, that my - heart was ever devoted to that which I thought was your true - interest, in which, if I was mistaken, I hope that your - displeasure will end with my life, and that no part of it shall - fall on my wife and children, being the last petition that will - ever be offered from your Majesty’s most faithful, most dutiful, - and most obedient servant, RUSSELL. - - ‘NEWGATE, _July 19, 1683_.’ - -He further drew up a long and detailed defence and explanation of his -whole conduct, to be given by his own hands to the Sheriffs on the -scaffold,—a precious record, preserved in letters of gold among the most -cherished archives at Woburn, the scene of the noble writer’s youth and -childhood. - -The evening before his death, after bidding adieu to some of his -friends, his wife and children came to take a last farewell. He parted -with them (tender father and devoted husband as he was) in composed -silence, and Lady Russell had such control over herself that when she -was gone he said, ‘The bitterness of death is past.’ ‘He talked,’ says -Burnet, ‘at much length about her. It had rather grieved him that she -had run about so much beating every bush for his preservation, but that, -perhaps, it would be a mitigation of her sorrow to feel she had done all -in her power to save him.’ ‘Yet,’ he said, ‘what a blessing it was that -she had that magnanimity of spirit joined to her tenderness as never to -have desired him to do a base thing for the saving of his own life; -there was a signal providence of God in giving him such a wife, with -birth, fortune, understanding, religion, and great kindness to him. But -her carriage in his extremity was above all! It was a comfort to leave -his children in such a mother’s hands, who had promised him to take care -of herself for his sake.’ Burnet further tells us that ‘the prisoner -received the Sacrament from Archbishop Tillotson with much devotion, and -I preached two short sermons, which he heard with great affection. He -went into his chamber about midnight, and I stayed the whole night in -the adjoining room. He went to bed about two in the morning, and was -fast asleep about four, when, by his desire, we called him. He was -quickly dressed, and lost no time in shaving, for he said he was not -concerned in his good looks that day. He went two or three times back -into his chamber to pray by himself, and then came and prayed again with -Tillotson and me. He drank a little tea and some sherry, and then he -said now he had done with time, and was going to eternity. He asked what -he should give the executioner, and I told him ten guineas; he smiled, -and said it was a pretty thing to give a fee to have his head cut off. -The Sheriffs came about ten o’clock; Lord Cavendish was waiting below to -take leave of him. They embraced very tenderly. Lord Russell on a second -thought came back and pressed Cavendish earnestly to apply himself more -to religion, telling him what great comfort and support he felt from it -now in his extremity. Tillotson and I went in the coach with him. Some -of the crowd wept, while others insulted him; he was touched with the -one expression, but did not seem provoked by the other. He was singing -psalms most of the way, and said he hoped to sing better soon. Looking -at the great crowd he said ‘I hope I shall soon see a much better -assembly.’ He walked about the scaffold four or five times, then he -turned to the Sheriffs, and in presenting the paper he protested his -innocence of any design against the King’s life, or any attempt to -subvert the Government. He prayed God to preserve the Protestant -religion, and earnestly wished that Protestants should love one another, -and not make way for Popery by their animosities. He forgave all his -enemies, and died in charity with all mankind. After this he prayed -again with Archbishop Tillotson, and more than once by himself. Then -William Russell stood erect, arranged his dress, and, without the -slightest change of countenance, laid his noble head upon the block, -‘which was struck off (says Evelyn) by three butcherly strokes.’ - -Five years afterwards when James the Second stood on the brink of ruin, -he did not disdain to apply to the Earl of Bedford for help. ‘My Lord,’ -he said, ‘you are an honest man, and of great credit in the country, and -can do me signal service. ‘Ah, sire,’ replied the Earl, ‘I am old and -feeble, and can be of little use, but I once had a son who could have -assisted you, and he is no more.’ By which answer James was so struck, -that he could not speak for several moments. - - - ------- - - - No. 14. WILLIAM HARVEY, M.D. - - _Black gown. Black skull-cap._ - - BORN 1578, DIED 1657-8. - - BY RILEY. - - -SON of Thomas Harvey of Folkestone, in Kent, by Joan Hawke, and eldest -of seven sons and two daughters. The parents were well-to-do people, who -brought up their children carefully and respectably. Mrs. Harvey seems -to have been a most estimable woman, if we only believe one half the -virtues ascribed to her on the tablet in Folkestone Church, where she -lies buried; the epitaph, though couched in the eulogistic and lengthy -style which was the fashion of the day, is sufficiently characteristic -to merit insertion. The mother of a great man is in our eyes always -deserving of notice. - -‘She was a godly, harmless woman, a chaste, loving wife, a charitable, -quiet neighbour, a comfortable and friendly matron, a provident -housewife and tender mother. Elected of God, may her soul rest in heaven -(as her body in this grave), to her a happy advantage, to hers an -unhappy loss.’ - -When only ten years old William Harvey went to a Grammar School, and -subsequently to Caius College, Cambridge, where, we are told, ‘he -studied classics, dialectics, and physics.’ It was the fashion of the -day for young men of any standing to finish their education on the -Continent, in one or other of those schools of learning and science -which were indeed the resort of the youth of all nations. Harvey fixed -his choice on Padua, then especially rich in eminent Professors in all -branches of learning. He had been early destined, both by the wishes of -his family and his own inclination, for the medical profession; and at -Padua, under the auspices of the celebrated Fabricius of Acquapendente -and others, our young Englishman, whose zeal was equal to his -intelligence, laid the foundation of his future greatness, and made -rapid strides in the path of fame. He remained five years at Padua, and -before his departure, at the age of twenty-four, received his doctor’s -diploma, with ‘licence to practise in every land and seat of learning.’ -On his return to England he obtained his doctor’s degree at his old -University of Cambridge, after which he settled in London, and married -the daughter of one Lancelot Brown, M.D. Harvey soon got into extensive -practice, enlarged his connection daily, and, while rising step by step -in his profession, made himself beloved (as is mostly the case with the -true disciple of St. Luke) by the skill and charity he exercised among -the poor and afflicted by whom he was surrounded. - -Before long he was elected a member of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and -subsequently Principal Physician of that important establishment, where, -in the course of his tenure, he introduced the most stringent reforms -and regulations, which were considered needlessly severe by the younger -students, who had grown into habits of laxity and idleness. But neither -the duties of his office, nor his practice which he carried on outside -the walls, were allowed to interfere in any way with his literary -labours. Making the profoundest researches into every branch of medical -science, perusing and weighing the arguments of those very writers whom -he was destined to eclipse; he attracted the notice of King James the -First, one of whose redeeming qualities it was to encourage learning, -and who found great delight in the society of eminent men. The King -named Harvey Physician Extraordinary, with a reversionary promise of the -regular post at Court when it should become vacant, which did not occur -till after the accession of Charles the First. He was also body -physician to several noblemen and gentlemen of eminence, such as the -Lord Chancellor Bacon and Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, with whom he -travelled on the Continent. He was appointed Lecturer to the Royal -College of Physicians, in Amen Corner, where, with some interruptions -(through absence, Court duties, and other hindrances), he continued for -many years to attract and interest his colleagues by his knowledge and -eloquence. It was in the course of these lectures that he first -promulgated his wondrous doctrines on the motions of the heart and the -circulation of the blood; a subject with which the name of William -Harvey is indissolubly connected. The theories that had been hatching in -his prolific mind for long now took form and shape in his immortal work, -which he dedicated to King Charles, and to his own College. It was this -work (although one of many) which enriched the science of medicine, and -rendered his name immortal. The circulation of the blood had from time -immemorial been the theme of dispute and discussion among men of all -nations; but it was reserved, says Birch, for William Harvey in 1628 to -publish a book which was the clearest, the shortest, and the most -convincing that had ever yet been written on the subject. The startling -discoveries, and the bold manner in which they were expounded, kindled a -flame of antagonism and rivalry in the medical world. Learned -Professors, and men who professed without learning, rose to denounce, to -question, to deny him even the merit of originality, for had not the -same theories been known to the ancients? To the manifold attacks by -which he was assailed Harvey maintained for the most part a dignified -silence, though compelled in some cases to rise up and defend himself -and his opinions from adversaries, both English and foreign. - -In 1636 he accompanied his friend and patron, Thomas Howard, Earl of -Arundel, when that nobleman went on a special mission to the Emperor of -Germany. Harvey did not neglect this opportunity of making the -acquaintance of all the eminent men of science in the country, who in -their turn were desirous (from mingled motives) of meeting a man with -whose name Europe was now ringing. In a conclave of medical men at -Nürnberg our doctor made a public declaration of his professional faith, -when he was met by the most strenuous opposition. The learned Caspar -Hoffman, in particular, was so violent and unreasonable in his -arguments, that William Harvey, after listening with singular -forbearance for a considerable time, laid down the scalpel, which he -held and quietly left the apartment. It was in this expedition with Lord -Arundel that one of his Excellency’s gentlemen told Aubrey that Lord -Arundel was rendered very anxious by the frequent explorings of his -physician into the woods, where was great fear, not only of wild beasts, -but also of thieves, and where, indeed, the doctor one time narrowly -escaped with life. But Harvey would not neglect the chance of studying -the strange trees and foreign plants, and adding to his collection of -toads, frogs, and the like, for the purpose of experimenting upon -them—was sometimes like to be lost indeed, so that my Lord Ambassador -was angry with him. With all these contentions and animadversions we are -not surprised to hear that at one time Harvey’s practice declined, and -Aubrey says, ‘He was treated by many as a visionary and a madman, and -though everybody admired his anatomy, most people questioned his -therapeutics, so much so that his bills (_i.e._ recipes and -prescriptions) were not worth threepence.’ He now gave himself up to the -prosecution of his Court duties, and was indefatigable in his attendance -on the King. The relationship between Charles and his physician was of -the most friendly and intimate nature. Harvey speaks of his royal master -in terms of true affection, while the King took great delight in -frequenting the doctor’s dissecting-room, and studying anatomy and -medicine under his tutelage. On the breaking out of the civil wars -Harvey became more than ever attached in every sense of the word to the -person of the King, following him wheresoever he went, to court and -camp. On their return from Scotland our peace-loving doctor was present -at the battle of Edgehill, where Aubrey records a very characteristic, -and almost comical adventure. It was in 1642, during the fight in -question, that Harvey was intrusted with the care of the Prince of Wales -and the Duke of York. He accordingly withdrew with his young charges to -what he considered the shelter of a hedge, and finding the time hang -heavy on his hands, he took a book from his pocket, which he began -calmly and leisurely to peruse, when a large bullet grazed and disturbed -the grass at his feet, and induced him to move further from the heat of -the battle. Again we quote Aubrey, who met him at Oxford, where the -Court then was, and though ‘too young to become acquainted with so -learned a doctor,’ yet he remembers well how Harvey would come to our -College to the chambers of George Bathurst, tutor, who kept hens for the -hatching purposes in his rooms. Harvey would break the eggs daily at -intervals in order to watch the different progress of formation towards -the ‘perfect chick’; and all this with a view to the medical works he -was writing. How widely at variance were these calm studies compared -with the wild turmoil of political and military excitement by which he -was surrounded! The Wardenship of Merton College becoming vacant by the -resignation of Sir Matthew Brent, a Parliamentarian, the King -recommended Harvey for the vacant post, which he obtained, but did not -enjoy long, for when Oxford surrendered to the Roundheads, Brent resumed -his office. We cannot be surprised to hear that so loyal a subject as -Harvey incurred the ire of Cromwell, and on the doctor’s return to -London he found his house sacked, the furniture destroyed, and, worse -than all, as he himself told Aubrey, ‘No griefe was so crucifyinge as -the loss of those papers (treating of his medical experiences and -experiments) which neither love nor money could replace.’ It must have -been about the year 1646 that Dr. Harvey made up his mind to resign his -place at Court. Many reasons were given for this step, many apologies -made for his forsaking his royal master; but he was near upon seventy, -and it appears natural that a man of so peaceful a nature and of such -studious taste should prefer a calmer existence than that of ‘following -the drum.’ His retirement not only enabled him to pursue the bent of his -inclinations and to indulge in contemplation, but also to enjoy the -society of his brothers, who were of that number that verily dwelt -together in unity. They held their elder in honour and affection, and -vied with each other in welcoming him warmly to their respective homes. -His next brother Eliab seems to have been his favourite, as he made his -home for the most part either at the said Eliab’s London residence of -Cokaine House, near the Poultry, or at Roehampton, in Surrey. On the -leads of the former dwelling the doctor was wont to pass many hours in -contemplation, arranging his different stations with a view to the sun -and wind. At Combe there were caverns specially constructed in the -garden for the physician to meditate, as he always found darkness most -conducive to thought. The thrifty Eliab took William’s financial affairs -in hand, which he conducted with so much energy and discernment as to -increase his brother’s income, and enable him to indulge his generous -propensities towards private individuals and public institutions. He -became a munificent benefactor to his beloved College of Physicians, -both by gifts in his lifetime, and bequest by testament. He enlarged the -buildings, added a wing, and a large hall for conference, endowed it -with a library and a museum, and, in fact, was so noble in his gifts -that the grateful College erected a statue in his honour, with a long -and flattering inscription. But, alas! all these valuable additions, -together with the whole edifice, were destroyed in the Great Fire of -London. At the age of seventy-one the doctor’s energy remained so -unabated, that not only did he continue his literary labours, but he -travelled to Italy with his friend and disciple Sir George Brent. On the -last day of June 1657 William Harvey was stricken with the palsy, and, -on endeavouring to speak, found that he had lost the power to do so. He -ordered his apothecary by signs to ‘lett him blood,’ but this gave him -no relief, and his professional knowledge warned him that the end was -approaching. He therefore sent for his brother and nephews, to whom he -himself delivered some little token of affection, a watch or what not, -bidding them tenderly farewell, with dumb but eloquent signs of -affection. He died the same day as he was stricken. His friend Aubrey -exonerates him from the false charge of having hastened his own death by -drinking opium, which he occasionally used as an alleviation of pain, -but said Harvey had ‘an easy passport.’ - -A long train of his colleagues from the Royal College attended his -funeral, and Aubrey himself was one of the bearers. He was buried at -Hempstead, in Essex, and was ‘lapped’ in a leaden case, which was shaped -in form of the body, with a label bearing the illustrious name of -William Harvey, M.D., on his breast. - -The last will and testament of men who lay claim to any celebrity appear -to us to merit notice as indicative of character. Harvey’s will did not -in any way belie his life. He left his faithful steward and brother, -Eliab Harvey, the bulk of his property in money and land, as likewise -(Aubrey thinks out of tender sentiment) his silver coffee-pot; for the -brothers were wont to drink coffee together at a time when it was -reckoned an uncommon luxury, before coffee-houses were prevalent in -England. To all his other relations he left small sums that they might -purchase remembrances; to his College, and to more than one hospital, -generous bequests; scarcely any one was forgotten. To his dear and -learned friend Mr. Thomas Hobbes £10, to Dr. Scarborough his velvet -embroidered gown, to another his case of silver-mounted surgical -instruments, and so on. Nor were his faithful servants, who had tended -him in sickness, forgotten; ‘the pretty young wench’ who waited on him -at Oxford, and to whom Aubrey alludes in jesting terms, in spite of -Harvey’s proverbial insensibility to female charms, proved a most tender -nurse, and was gratefully remembered. We hear very little at any time -about Mistress Harvey, or the esteem in which her husband held her, but -we are told she had a parrot, whose prattle much amused the learned -doctor. - -He corresponded with learned men, both at home and abroad, and was -linked in friendship with such men as Hobbes, Robert Boyle, Cowley, and -the like. By nature he was hot-tempered and outspoken, although a -courtier. He rode to visit his patients on horseback, with a servant to -follow him on foot—‘a decent custom,’ Aubrey thinks, the discontinuance -of which he regrets. The same authority says Harvey ‘was of the lowest -stature, and an olivaster complexion, like unto wainscott; little eye, -round, bright, and black, and hair like the raven, but quite white -before his death,’ which could scarcely be wondered at, as he was then -eighty years of age. His friend, the learned Mr. Hobbes, says that -Harvey was ‘the only man, perhaps, who ever lived to see his own -doctrines established in his lifetime.’ This statement, the truth of -which appears more than questionable, it is easy to imagine, was put -forth under the influence of mortified feeling on the part of the -‘philosopher of Malmesbury.’ We refer the reader who is curious in such -research to the catalogues of the principal scientific libraries, both -in England and on the Continent, for a list of this great physician’s -professional works, as their names alone would enlarge in an -inconvenient manner the bulk of our volume. - - - ------- - - - No. 15. THE HONOURABLE EDWARD RUSSELL. - - _In armour. Red sash over right shoulder. White collar, with tassels. - Long hair._ - - DIED 1665. - - BY REMÉE. - - -HE was the youngest son of Francis, fourth Earl of Bedford, by Catherine -Brydges. He married Penelope, daughter and co-heir of Sir Moses Hill of -Hillsborough Castle, Ireland (Knight Marshal of Ulster, and ancestor of -the present Marquis of Downshire), and widow of Sir William Brooke, -Knight, by whom he had five sons and daughters. His second son was -eventually raised to the Peerage by the title of the Earl of Oxford. -Edward Russell survived his wife, and, dying in 1665, was buried at -Chenies. - - - ------- - - - No. 16. WILLIAM RUSSELL, FIFTH EARL, FIRST DUKE OF BEDFORD. - - _In armour. Lace cravat. Wig._ - - BORN 1613, DIED 1700. - - BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - - -HE was the eldest son of Francis Russell, fourth Earl of Bedford, by -Catherine Brydges, daughter and co-heir of Lord Chandos. He was educated -at Magdalen College, Oxford; and after travelling abroad for two years, -we are told he returned home in 1634, a very handsome and accomplished -gentleman. Of his personal beauty and noble bearing the fine portrait of -William Russell, and Lord Digby, by Vandyck, bears undoubted testimony. -He had been created Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Charles the -First. The representative of a high-born family, and heir to a very -large fortune, young Lord Russell was keenly watched by the match-makers -of the day. At that time three rival beauties divided the admiration of -the Court—Lady Elizabeth Cecil, Lady Dorothy Sidney, and Lady Anne Carr, -the only child of the Earl and Countess of Somerset. She was born in the -Tower at the time of her mother’s imprisonment for the murder of Sir -Thomas Overbury, and had been brought up in total ignorance of her -parents’ ignominy. ‘The voice goes,’ says a contemporary writer, ‘that -young Russell bends somewhat towards the Lady Anne Carr.’ One would not -be surprised to hear that Lord Bedford was most adverse to the union. He -trembled for the future welfare of his son, and the honour of his house, -for heavy was the blot on the young lady’s ‘scutcheon. He promised his -consent to any other union his son should project; but it was too late: -Lord Russell’s choice was free no more, and the sequel proved the -selection had been for his own happiness, and that of the whole family. -The King interested himself in the cause of the young lovers, and sent -the Duke of Lennox to mediate with Lord Bedford in the matter. Lord -Somerset, with all his crimes on his head, had proved himself the most -tender and devoted of fathers, giving his child an excellent and -strictly virtuous education, and he made every sacrifice in his power to -give her a good dowry, seeing that her poverty was an additional -obstacle to the marriage in Lord Bedford’s eyes; so Somerset sold his -house at Chiswick, his furniture, his plate and jewels; in fact denuded -himself of almost all he had, to make settlements on Lady Anne, ‘for,’ -said he to the Lord Chamberlain, ‘if one of us is to be undone by the -marriage, let it be myself, rather than my own deserving child.’ And so -came about this marriage, and the lovely creature, whose sweet innocent -young face is familiar to all lovers of Vandyck, became the wife of Lord -Russell, and the future mother of the patriot William. - -Lord Russell sat in Parliament for Tavistock, having for colleague the -famous Mr. Pym; but in the commencement of his career he did not take -much part in debate, but was chiefly employed in carrying messages from -the Lower to the Upper House. - -The death of Francis, fourth Earl of Bedford, caused great excitement in -political circles, and the new Earl received a deputation from the House -of Peers expressive of condolence, and the hope that ‘as soon as his -Lordship’s sorrow would allow him, he would take his seat, for no one -could better supply the place of his deceased father.’ These conjectures -were confirmed, for the new Lord followed in the footsteps of his -father, and in all the part he took in the coming struggles, he was ever -ready to support liberal and enlightened views, and to advocate what he -considered necessary reforms; withstanding undue encroachments on the -part of the King. He was, however, inclined to wise and moderate views -from the beginning, and deeply regretted the circumstances which had led -to civil dissension and open war; but the times were too stormy, and the -pressure of the political barometer too high, to allow of a middle -course. Disgusted with what he considered the arbitrary measures and the -obstinacy of the King, Lord Bedford now espoused the cause of the -Parliament, and even accepted the post of General in their army. He -besieged the Royalist forces in Sherborne Castle, and afterwards, on -joining the Earl of Essex on the eve of the battle of Edgehill, he -accepted, under that general, the command of the _corps de reserve_. His -conduct in the action gained him great distinction, as it was supposed -to be owing to his skill and courage that the defeat of the -Parliamentarians was averted, ‘for Lord Bedford brought up very -gallantly amidst a play of cannon.’ He was ever ready to propose and to -facilitate every means of pacification between Charles and his people, -but all these endeavours proving fruitless, and finding himself in -opposition to the _ultra_ opinions and measures of the Roundheads, he, -with some other Lords, determined on joining the King at Oxford. One of -his biographers says, the Earl of Bedford came to Oxford, had his -introduction, made a declaration of the motives which had actuated his -past conduct, and received a formal pardon under the Great Seal. The -King was naturally inclined to welcome so noble an adherent, but was -rather lukewarm in his manner, while the Queen and the greater part of -the courtiers treated him with much discourtesy. He fought with the -Royalists at the siege of Gloucester and the battle of Newbury, where -the gallant Falkland was killed. The Parliament, infuriated at Lord -Bedford’s secession, sequestrated his estates; but this sentence was -reversed shortly after the battle of Marston Moor in 1644. The next year -Lord Bedford, with Lord Carlisle and four other Peers, who had come from -the King’s quarters, went to the House of Parliament and took the -Covenant before the Commissioners of the Great Seal; this being the only -compliance made by Lord Bedford with the faction he had abandoned. He -now retired from public life, absented himself from Parliament, and -sought that quiet and domestic peace in the bosom of his family, for -which it may be well imagined he had often sighed amid the turmoil and -strife of political and military life. He repaired to his home at Woburn -Abbey, where, between the years 1645 and 1647, his royal master visited -him on three separate occasions. After the execution of the King, and -during the vicissitudes of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate, Lord -Bedford continued to live in seclusion, and it was not until the -Restoration (to which event he contributed, as far as in him lay, both -by his influence and his aid in pecuniary matters) that he reappeared in -public. How ill was he repaid by an ungrateful and cruel King! Lord -Bedford carried St. Edward’s sceptre at the coronation of Charles the -Second, and some time after received the Blue Ribbon of the Garter. He -belonged to a large number of loyal spirits, who, after assisting and -rejoicing in the return of the lawful Sovereign, experienced the most -bitter disappointment at the tyrannical and unconstitutional course -pursued by Charles, and following in the steps of his father, stood up -manfully against the encroachments on civil and religious liberty; -conduct which was supported and nobly carried out in the House of -Commons by his son William, Lord Russell, whose union with Lady Vaughan -about 1669 (better known to history as Rachel, Lady Russell) was a -source of unalloyed satisfaction to Lord and Lady Bedford, to whom she -became a tender and devoted daughter. In the life of William, Lord -Russell, we have given full details of his political career, of the -animosity his independent line of conduct aroused in the minds of the -King and the Duke of York, of his arrest on the false pretence of being -implicated in the Rye House Plot, of his unjust trial and hurried -execution, particulars of which it would be superfluous to repeat here. -Lady Russell spent the early days of her widowhood, and indeed the -greater part of her subsequent life, at Woburn, with her father-in-law, -affording and imparting sympathy. Lord Russell’s execution took place in -July 1683, and within a year his fond mother followed him to the grave. -Since the death of that beloved son, Lady Bedford’s health had gradually -declined; she pined away silently, almost imperceptibly; but there is -little doubt her death was accelerated by a strange and unforeseen -incident. She was sitting one day in the gallery at Woburn, when her -attention was attracted by a pamphlet which contained the whole history -of her mother’s life, her marriage and divorce from Lord Essex, and the -tragedy connected with the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, together with -the complicity of both parents—the mother, whose memory she knew no -reason to despise, the father whom she fondly believed she had every -reason to adore. The next person who entered the room found the unhappy -woman senseless on the floor, the fatal book beside her. It appears from -some letters of her daughter-in-law at the time, that the family not -only believed that this sad incident had hastened her death, but that if -her life had been spared, her reason would have been endangered. - -The remainder of Lord Bedford’s life is so intimately bound up with that -of his daughter-in-law and her children, that we must refer the reader -to our notice of Lady Russell for further particulars, even the passage -in which we have given the account of the creation of the Dukedom, which -honour was doubly acceptable to the aged Duke, as a tribute to the -memory of his lamented son. His love for his grandchildren, and the -tender letters he writes to their mother on their account, his delight -in the society of Mistress Katey, his little playfellow of nine years -old, when he was past eighty, all vouch for the gentleness of heart -which characterised the first Duke of Bedford. He had lived to see his -son’s memory vindicated, his son’s widow honoured and sought after by -every class in the kingdom, beginning with the Sovereigns, William and -Mary; the attainder reversed, his grandchildren prosperous, his grandson -and heir married with his sanction and approbation, and the family name, -in which he had a right to glory, respected through the kingdom. He was -ready to depart, and ‘now his daily prayer was to the effect that the -God in whom he had so humbly and faithfully trusted would grant him an -easy passage to the tomb.’ And never did any person leave this world -with greater inward peace, or with less struggle and discomposure; his -lamp of life was not blown out: the oil wasted by degrees, nature was -spent, and he fell asleep on the 7th September 1700, aged eighty-seven. -He was buried at Chenies by the side of his beloved wife. - - - ------- - - - No. 17. SIR THOMAS MYDDLETON, BART., OF CHIRK. - - _Brown dress. Purple sleeves. Lace cravat. Long hair._ - - DIED 1683. - - BY RUSSELL. - - -HE was the son of Sir Thomas Myddleton, first Baronet, who began his -military career as a Parliamentarian, afterwards became a zealous -adherent of the Royal cause, and was created a Baronet in 1660. The -subject of the present notice married, first, Elizabeth, daughter and -co-heir of Sir Thomas Wilbraham of Woodney; and, secondly, Charlotte, -daughter of Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Bart.; and had an only daughter, -Charlotte, married first to Edward, Earl of Warwick, and secondly to the -Right Hon. Joseph Addison. - - - ------- - - - No. 18. THE HONOURABLE FRANCIS RUSSELL. - - _In armour. Long fair hair._ - - DIED 1641. - - BY REMÉE. - - -HE was the second son of Francis, fourth Earl of Bedford, by Catherine -Brydges. He married Catherine, daughter of Lord Grey de Wark, and widow -of Sir Edward Moseley, Bart., and of the Lord North and Gray, by whom he -had no children. Francis Russell died in France shortly before his -father. He was brother to the first Countess of Bradford, of the Newport -family. - - -[Illustration] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - BREAKFAST-ROOM. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - BREAKFAST-ROOM. - - - ------- - - - No. 1. PRINCE MAURICE. - - _As a boy. In the character of Cupid._ - - BORN 1620, DIED 1653. - - BY HONTHORST. - - -HE was the fourth son of Frederic, Elector Palatine (King of Bohemia), -by Elizabeth, Princess of England, daughter of James the First. After -the battle of Prague, which wrecked their fortunes, the unhappy ex-King -and Queen were driven from their palace at Prague, compelled to fly for -their lives by unfrequented roads, and through the blinding snowstorms, -which impeded the progress of their coach, and from which the fugitives -were obliged to alight, and take horse. - -Elizabeth displayed the utmost courage and fortitude, despite the -intensity of the weather and the delicacy of her health, and mounted -gladly on a pillion behind a young English volunteer of the name of -Hopton, who would often speak in after-days with love and veneration of -his royal fellow-traveller, the Queen of Hearts, the only sovereignty -that was now left her. In their distress the unhappy pair sought about -for some place of shelter where Elizabeth might be cared for in her hour -of approaching trial and her husband appealed to his brother-in-law, -George William of Brandenburg, for the loan of one of his castles, -either of Spandau or Custrine. The answer was a grudging permission to -inhabit the latter residence, although the owner assured Frederic it was -no place for a Queen just fresh from a palace; that it was not -commodious or safe from the incursions of their enemies; and, moreover, -they would be exposed to cold and famine, as there was no fuel and no -food. The fugitives found this account but too true, and even this surly -permission would have been withheld but for the intercession of the -British Envoy, Wotton. Moreover, their parsimonious host bargained with -his needy relatives to defray all expenses, but Elizabeth’s condition -allowed of no alternative. Three days after their arrival Prince Maurice -was born in this dreary old barrack, with its bare walls and unfurnished -interior—a strange contrast to the scene of splendour and festivity -which characterised the birth of his brother Rupert. Before the proper -time had elapsed that it was advisable for her to travel, the ex-Queen -was hurried away, accompanied by little Rupert, to Wolfenbüttel, and -afterwards to the Hague, where she found a generous protector and -devoted friend in the Stadtholder; the new-born infant being despatched -to the care of his widowed grandmother, the Electress Juliana, in Polish -Russia. Poor child! he had not the traditional good fortune of one born -on Christmas Day. From his earliest childhood he bore his brother Rupert -the most devoted affection, and through their lives they were brothers -in very truth—brothers in arms and affection; their paths strangely -intertwined for soldiers of fortune; they were both prematurely brave, -and early initiated into the profession they so much adorned. When -together at the siege of Breda, Maurice, waking in the night, heard a -noise for which he could not account, so he roused Rupert, and they -crept out together in the dark, and were just in time to save the -garrison from a surprise. In 1638 Prince Maurice prosecuted his studies -at a French University, and in 1642 gained permission to accompany -Rupert, who had been appointed to a high command in the army of their -uncle, Charles the First. This gallant pair vied with each other in -loyalty and devotion to the English King. Their bravery, their exploits, -the various commands they filled, the numerous actions in which they -fought (frequently side by side), all these incidents belong to the -chronicles of the civil wars of the period. In 1646 the brothers left -England, Prince Rupert proceeding to St. Germain to join the -Queen-mother there in exile, while Prince Maurice embarked for Holland. -The subsequent life of this Prince appears to have been almost entirely -passed on the decks of the varied vessels which he in turn commanded, -for both he and Rupert secured glory and renown on the broad ocean, as -they had already done in the battlefield, and their voyages were -frequently made in company. In the notice of the elder, we have given -the account of a touching episode in the lives of the two brothers, -which we therefore omit here. But Maurice was doomed to find a watery -grave in the year 1653, in a hurricane which overtook his vessel off the -Virgin Islands. The following is a description of the tragic event: ‘In -this fatal wreck, besides many great gentlemen and others, the sea, to -glut itself, swallowed the Prince, whose fame the mouth of detraction -cannot blast. His very enemies bewailed his loss. Many had more power, -few more merit; he lived beloved, and died bewailed.’ Two years after -his death there was a rumour that he still lived (but the false report -soon died away), that he had been captured by a pirate, and was a slave -in Africa, but this unlikely tale gained little or no credence. - - - ------- - - - No. 8. COLONEL WEST. - -_Black cloak over doublet of same colour. Left hand gloved with white - glove and holding the other. Large white cuffs turned back. Hand - resting on hip. White deep turned-down collar with tassels._ - - BY WALKER. - - -HE was a distinguished Parliamentarian officer, and much valued by -Cromwell. He was engaged in Inverkeithing fight in 1651, and was -commended in Oliver Cromwell’s letter to the Speaker of the Parliament -of England, reporting the result of that engagement, which he described -as an ‘unspeakable mercy.’ - - - ------- - - - No. 16. THOMAS WRIOTHESLEY, EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON. - - _Robes of the Garter. Wand of office._ - - DIED 1667. - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - - -HE was the second born but only surviving son of the third Earl, by -Elizabeth, daughter of John Vernon of Hodnet, County Salop. Educated at -Eton and Oxford, where he distinguished himself, and afterwards -travelled abroad; remained some time in France, where he probably -espoused his first wife, and afterwards proceeded to the Low Countries. -His father and elder brother had also gone thither, and were attacked by -fever. The youth died, and his father (travelling before it was prudent -for him to do so), borne down by sorrow, soon followed his beloved child -to the grave. Thomas, who had now become Earl of Southampton, found on -his return to England that public affairs were in great confusion. The -Parliamentarians did all in their power to gain over the young nobleman -to their side, but he disapproved of their proceedings, and would take -no part in them. He was soon after appointed Privy Councillor and Lord -of the Bedchamber to the King, and became henceforth, in every sense of -the word, attached to the royal person, to whom he was an excellent -friend, often giving him unpalatable advice. He used to sleep in the -King’s apartment, and to the best of his power soothed his hours of -mental anguish. In 1647, when the unhappy monarch fled from Hampton -Court, he took shelter at Titchfield, in Hampshire, Lord Southampton’s -country-house, and when brought back to the palace in the hands of his -enemies, his first request was for the attendance of his trusty friend. -This permission was granted him, and Southampton was one of the last -allowed to remain with his royal master, and one of the four mourners -who paid the last sad duties to his remains. With Charles the Second he -kept up a continued correspondence, and supplied the exile with large -sums, hastening to meet him on his arrival in England, when he was -rewarded by being made Knight of the Garter, as were other faithful -adherents to the Crown, and was shortly afterwards appointed Lord High -Treasurer. In this capacity he showed so much independence of spirit and -interest in the public welfare as to offend the King, who did not, -however, remove him from his office, which was exercised by Southampton, -although suffering from a terrible and painful disease which made -business occasionally irksome to him. To his credit be it spoken, that -during seven years’ management of the Treasury he made but an ordinary -fortune, disdaining to sell places, as many of his predecessors had -done. - -The Earl of Southampton was thrice married: first, to Rachel, daughter -of Daniel de Ruvigny, in France, by whom he had two sons, who died -young, and three daughters, the second of whom was Rachel, the faithful -wife and widow of the patriot, William, Lord Russell; his second -Countess was Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Francis Booth, Lord -Dunsmore, by whom he had four girls; and his third wife was the daughter -of William, second Duke of Somerset, and widow of Viscount Molyneux. He -died at Southampton House, in Bloomsbury, which he bequeathed to his -daughter, Lady Russell, and was buried at Titchfield. By his death the -title of Southampton in the Wriothesley family became extinct. - - - ------- - - - No. 28. COLONEL, AFTERWARDS LORD GORING. - - _Slashed doublet. Long fair hair._ - - DIED 1662 _v.p._ - - BY STONE AFTER VANDYCK. - - -SIR George Goring of Hurstpierpoint, County Sussex, was created in 1629 -Baron Goring, and in 1645 Earl of Norwich. He married Mary, daughter of -Edward Neville, Lord Abergavenny. Their third eldest son was George, the -subject of this notice, who distinguished himself greatly in the civil -wars. He married in early life Lady Lettice Boyle, daughter of the Earl -of Cork. He was wild, eccentric, and extravagant, and Lord Wentworth -(afterwards Earl of Strafford), speaking of him in a letter to Lord -Carlisle, 1633, says: ‘Young Mr. Goring is gone to travel, having run -himself out of £8000, which he purposes to redeem by frugality abroad, -unless my Lord Cork can be induced to put to his helping hand, which I -have undertaken to solicit for him the best I can, and shall do it with -all the power and care my credit and wit shall in any way suggest unto -me.’ The noble writer was successful in his negotiation, and Lord Cork -was most generous and liberal on this and several other occasions to a -son-in-law who gave him much trouble. Not long after the marriage Lord -Cork thus writes, in speaking of George Goring: ‘After borrowing money -from me for himself and his father, he departed from us without once -taking leave of me, and leaving his wife and servants, posted through -Scotland on to England on the choice gray gelding I bestowed upon him -called Gray Brown, hath much disquieted me, his wife, and friends.’ His -poor wife had good reason to be disquieted on this and many other -occasions, but she seems to have retained a real affection for her -unworthy husband, willing to join him at any summons, and frequently -interceding with her generous father for so-called loans and large sums, -which never appear to have been repaid. - -George Goring, on his arrival in the Low Countries, enlisted as a -soldier, entered Lord Vere’s regiment, and soon gained a high command, -distinguishing himself at the siege of Breda. On his return to England -he was made Governor of Portsmouth, in which capacity he got into -trouble with the Parliament, and was summoned before the House of -Commons on suspicion of favouring the Royal cause. Anxious to provide -for his own interests by pleasing both sides, he contrived to give -satisfaction to the Parliament, and was therefore exonerated. Goring was -indeed anything but straightforward in his dealings; Lord Clarendon says -of him: ‘He could help himself with all the intimation of doubt, or -fear, or shame, or simplicity in his face that might gain belief to a -greater degree than I ever saw in any man, and could seem most -confounded when he was best resolved, and to want words when they flowed -from no man with greater power.’ He cajoled the popular party, -corresponded secretly with the King in 1642, threw off the mask he had -worn as adherent to the Parliament, and declared openly that he held -Portsmouth for Charles the First. The town was besieged by sea and land, -and surrendered after a meagre defence; Goring stipulating that he might -be allowed to transport himself beyond the seas, which caused great -astonishment, as also did his appointment (on his return in 1644) to the -command of cavalry in the Royal army in Lincolnshire. He now continued -to distinguish himself greatly in the service of the King, and was -present in almost every action. In 1646, his father being created Earl -of Norwich, he became Lord Goring, and held the commission of -Lieutenant-General of several counties, in which capacity he did little -good, setting a bad example to the troops by his irregular and immoral -conduct. Clarendon says of him that he had a good understanding, a sharp -wit, and keen courage, but he did not value his promise or friendship -according to any rules of honour or integrity. ‘He loved no man so well -but he would cozen him and expose him to ridicule.’ The same historian -speaks of Goring’s immoderate ambition, dissimulation, and want of -religion. He continued his vacillating line of conduct, and when in -difficulties pleaded illness, and gained permission to go to Bath for a -cure, but returned to active service, became a Privy Councillor, and had -undeserved favours showered upon him by the King. His whole career was -marked by contrasts of success and failure, courage and blundering, and -animosity towards those who like Prince Rupert filled a high position, -and stood well in the opinion of others. After many vicissitudes he -resolved to leave England, and proceeded to the Netherlands, where he -became Lieutenant-General of the Spanish army, and afterwards obtained -the same command in Spain under Don John de Silva, who, finding that he -was in communication with Cardinal Mazarin, had him seized at the head -of his troops, and sent prisoner to Madrid. Writers differ as to the -termination of this eccentric man’s career. Some say he was put to death -in prison for treason, and others that he entered a monastery and died -in the habit of a Dominican friar. - -Lord Goring had no children. Dying in the lifetime of his father, Lord -Norwich was succeeded by his second son, Charles, who married Alice, -daughter of Robert Leman, Esq., and widow of Sir Richard Baker, Knight, -but having no children the titles of Norwich and Goring became extinct. - - - ------- - - - No. 30. PRINCE RUPERT. - - _In a classical dress, as Mars._ - - BORN 1619, DIED 1682. - - BY HONTHORST. - - -HE was the third son of Frederic, Elector Palatine, and King of Bohemia, -by Princess Elizabeth of England, daughter of James the First. Born at -Prague during the short-lived period of his parents’ prosperity, while -inhabiting the Palace of the Bohemian capital. More than half a century -had elapsed since the birth of a royal Prince at Prague, and the event -was the occasion of great excitement and rejoicing. Persons of all -classes were invited to have a glimpse of the royal infant, swathed in -rich wrappings of gold and embroidery. Nobles and ladies, burghers and -their wives, officers of state, soldiers, peasants, all flocked to the -Palace, and clustered round the cradle of the future hero. His father -thought well to name him Rupert, after the wise and fortunate Elector -who, on the death of Wenceslaus, ascended the Imperial throne: and the -ceremony of baptism was conducted on a scale of great magnificence, -which helped not a little to drain the ill-filled coffers of Frederic -and Elizabeth. On the other hand, donations of all kinds poured in from -the nobles, the burghers, and their respective wives. Contributions of -fruit and flowers were presented by the poorer population, offerings -which were most graciously received by the gentle-hearted mother. - -Her two elder sons were respectively heirs to titles (alas! how empty) -of King, and Elector Palatine. The Bohemian Ministry, willing to do -honour to a Prince born ‘in their midst,’ bestowed on the new-born babe -the dignity of Duke of Lithuania, which the child did not long enjoy, -seeing that a few months after his birth the decisive battle of Prague -was the means of driving his parents from their newly-acquired kingdom, -penniless and homeless wanderers, compelled to solicit shelter and -assistance from cold relatives and fickle friends. - -Rupert was the only one of her children who accompanied Elizabeth on her -miserable flight from Custrin to Holland (a circumstance to which we -have alluded in the sketch of his brother Maurice), where the ex-Queen -with her family resided for many years, and where five children were -born to her. Little Rupert was sent to the College at Leyden, where his -eldest brother Henry was a student, and had already distinguished -himself greatly. Amongst other accomplishments, Henry was an elegant -letter-writer, and kept up a frequent correspondence with his mother. In -one of his letters he tells how ‘dear Rupert is a most lively boy,’ and -amused the students when he first arrived by speaking to them in -Bohemian. - -A soldier at heart from his earliest childhood, Rupert did not remain -long at Leyden, but entered the army under Henry Frederic of Nassau, and -(Lodge tells us) was present at the siege of Thynberg, although another -biographer places the date of his first action several years later. Be -this as it may, in 1637 he marched with his brother, Charles Louis, who -now called himself Elector Palatine (their father being dead), against -the Imperialists. The gallant Lord Craven had constituted himself the -guardian of ‘the Palatine Princes,’ and accompanied them in the -expedition, writing frequently to their mother at the Hague, to give -tidings of Charles and the beloved Rupert. Lord Craven had warmly -espoused the cause of Frederic, and was now the devoted friend of the -royal widow and her family. He and his two charges distinguished -themselves during the siege of Lippe, but being worsted in an encounter -with General Hatzfeldt, Charles Louis had a narrow escape of his life. -He crossed the river in his coach, and, clinging to the shrubs and -underwood, climbed up on the precipitous bank of the opposite shore, and -made his way to Holland. His brother and Lord Craven were both taken -prisoners by the Imperialists, and carried to Vienna, where they were -lodged in the castle. With much difficulty Rupert found means to have a -few lines conveyed to his mother, wherein, after some tender expressions -of filial love and respect, he assured her that no power on earth should -induce him to renounce his party, or abjure his faith. Lord Craven -succeeded in regaining his freedom, by paying the large ransom of -£20,000; but all attempts to procure the deliverance of Rupert proved -unavailing. It was only at the expiration of three years, and on -condition that he would undertake never again to bear arms against the -Emperor, that the young Prince was set at liberty, shortly after which -event he received an offer from his uncle, Charles the First, of the -command of the cavalry in the Royal army, the King having unfurled his -standard against the Parliamentarians. He was accompanied by his brother -Maurice, whose love and admiration for his elder were unbounded; and the -exploits of these gallant Princes in the service of their royal uncle, -are they not written in the books of the chronicles of the civil wars of -England? - -After the execution of Charles the First Rupert received a new -commission from Charles the Second, and continued to distinguish himself -by sea and land; went to Portugal, the Mediterranean, the French coast, -Madeira, the Azores, etc. etc.; encountered all kinds of dangers and -vicissitudes, reverses and successes. A more chequered life is scarcely -on record than that of Prince Rupert. - -Our space is too limited to admit of any lengthened details of his -adventures, ‘moving accidents by flood and field,’ and of all his -‘hair-breadth ‘scapes’; but one passage in his life is too full of -romantic interest, and so characteristic of the fraternal affection of -the Palatine Princes, to be passed over in silence. Captain Fearnes, who -commanded the fine ship _The Admiral_, gives a noble and touching -description of the incidents connected with the wreck of his vessel. One -of the most disastrous tempests ever recorded in a seaman’s log overtook -the English fleet, then cruising among the Western Islands, and after -every endeavour had been made to save the ship without a chance of -success, Captain Fearnes, who survived the wreck, gives the following -report: ‘It was resolved that the ship must be our grave, and every man -very well resolved to die, and the minister told us that as many as -would receive the Sacrament he would administer it, and desired that we -would give him notice, when we saw we were past all hope, to come to the -place appointed, there to receive it, and die all together.’ - -Prince Rupert, believing his last moments were at hand, waved his -brother Maurice to bring his vessel, _The Honest_ _Seaman_, under the -Admiral’s stern, to bid his beloved brother an eternal farewell, to give -him his last directions and express his last wishes. Maurice, regardless -of his own safety, commanded his men to lower a boat, either to save -Rupert, or to put him on board and let them die together. His officers -refused, as they said it would be to their own destruction, and be of no -avail in saving Rupert. They made, indeed, a feint of lowering the boat, -but paid little heed to the agony of their commander. Then the crew of -_The Admiral_ came to a noble decision. Deeply touched by the devotion -which his Highness displayed, they conjured him to seek safety in the -one little boat that was left them. This he steadily refused, saying -‘that as they had run all risks with him, so he would participate them.’ -Thus did either try to breathe their last in unspeakable magnanimity. -The brave seamen were not to be foiled; they elected a crew of undaunted -lads, hoisted out their boat, and by force thrust their brave Prince -into the same. He was put aboard _The Honest Seaman_, and immediately -sent back the skiff to save as many as was possible, specifying the -names of three officers, one of whom alone (and that the captain in -command) accepted the offer. Fearnes was blamed by many for deserting -his ship’s company. He and the Prince’s servant were boarded on one of -the vessels, but the unfortunate little skiff was swamped. The Prince -strove in vain to approach _The Admiral_, but it could not be done from -stress of weather, and the doomed crew waved a sad farewell from the -deck of the sinking ship to their comrades. In all, 333 men perished in -this fatal storm, but the whole story remains a glorious passage in the -annals of British seamen. Rupert’s regret for the loss of a noble ship, -with a rich freight on board, was little in comparison with his grief -for that of his valued messmates. He was again threatened with a watery -grave in a tremendous hurricane which overtook the fleet when at a short -distance from the Virgin Islands, and in this fatal storm he had to -deplore the loss of his devoted friend and brother, Prince Maurice, who -went down on the deck of the well-named _Honest Seaman_. Yet once more -he had an escape from drowning when at Paris at the Court of Louis the -Fourteenth, in company with Charles the Second. A letter from a -Roundhead thus details the circumstance:— - -‘The Seine had like to have made an end of your Black Prince Rupert’ (he -was swimming with the King and Duke of York); ‘he was near being drowned -if it had not been for the help of one of his servants, who dragged him -up by the hair of his head.’ These ‘highly liveried blackamoors,’ like -all other dependants of the Prince, were much attached to their noble -master. - -On his return to England in 1662 Rupert seems to have given himself up -to the pursuit of philosophical and scientific studies, even (so it was -affirmed by many) to those of an occult nature. He fitted up for himself -a workshop in the High Tower of Windsor Castle, furnished with forges, -crucibles, retorts, instruments of all sorts, and here ‘the hero of a -hundred fights’ might be seen with blacksmith’s apron and bare brawny -arms indulging in all the experiments of vital interest to a chemist and -an alchemist. In this laboratory he was frequently visited by his royal -cousin the King, and his favourite the Duke of Buckingham, both of whom -took a great delight in Rupert’s occupations. This strange man had other -apartments assigned to him in the castle, where he kept stores of armour -and weapons from all parts of the world, together with a library of -valuable books, the catalogue of which is still extant. John Evelyn was -a great admirer of Rupert’s versatile talents, and was a delighted -listener when the Prince related to him the discovery that he had made -of mezzotint engraving. The story is well known how on one occasion, -when at Brussels, the Prince observed a sentinel at some distance from -his post very busy doing something to his piece. Rupert asked what he -was about; he replied the dew had fallen in the night, had made his -fusil rusty, and that he was scraping and cleaning it. The Prince, -examining the gun, was struck with something like a figure eaten into -the barrel with innumerable little holes closed together like friezed -work on gold or silver, part of which the soldier had scraped away. This -suggested to the Prince a contrivance which resulted in the discovery of -mezzotint engraving, carried out in company with his protégé, the -painter, Wallerant Vaillant. Great rivalry was excited on the occasion, -and many people laid claim to an invention which was clearly that of -Rupert. - -Other discoveries and inventions of this wonderful man we leave to his -more complete biographers. He found time in the midst of these -engrossing pursuits to become enamoured of the charms of Francisca Bard, -daughter of Lord Bellamont, by whom he had a son, on whose education he -bestowed much care. He was called Dudley Bard, and grew up to emulate -his father’s military ardour and undaunted courage, but was killed at -the siege of Buda in 1686, having just attained his twentieth year. - -Negotiations were carried on at one time for an alliance between Rupert -and a member of a royal house, but came to an end in consequence of the -Prince’s slender means. - -In 1660 he once more embarked to oppose the French, alternating his -beloved studies with his military and naval duties, but an old wound he -had received in the head some time before put him to great torture and -endangered his life, so much so that he was obliged to be trepanned. -Requiring rest after the operation, he joined the Merry Monarch’s merry -Court at Tunbridge Wells, and had not long been there before he formed a -connection with the fair Mistress Hughes, an actress belonging to the -King’s company, and one of the earliest female performers, who began her -theatrical career in 1663, and gained great distinction in the character -of Desdemona. The fascinations of this lady had a softening and refining -influence on the manners and habits of his Highness, and even his -beloved studies were neglected for the delights of her society. His -dress was no longer neglected, and he vied with the other courtiers of -his royal cousin in gallantry and compliments, but the beautiful -comedian was not so easy of access as most of her compeers, and it was -some time before she was induced to listen to her royal lover’s suit. He -was most lavish in his expenditure, grudging nothing to the fair siren. -He purchased for her the magnificent seat of Sir Nicholas Crispe, near -Hammersmith, afterwards the residence of the Margrave of Brandenburg, -which cost £25,000 in the building. - -By her he had a daughter named Ruperta, married to General Howe, of whom -there is a most characteristic portrait in the collection of the Earl of -Sandwich at Hinchingbrook. Mrs. Hughes remained on the stage for many -years after Prince Rupert’s death, who saw little of her in his later -days, but bequeathed a large property to her and her daughter. - -After leaving Tunbridge Wells he returned to Windsor, and resumed his -studies, until called once more into active service. In 1673 he was -appointed Lord High Admiral in place of the Duke of York, and commanded -the fleet against the United Provinces, when, as usual, he distinguished -himself. On the 29th of November 1682 Prince Rupert died in his house at -Spring Gardens, ‘mourned and respected’ by men of the most differing -interests. A magnificent funeral was allotted to him, and he was buried -in Westminster Abbey. - -Count Grammont, in his Memoirs, gives anything but a flattering -description of the Prince’s personal appearance, but we are more -inclined to credit the testimony of such painters as Honthorst, Lely, -and Kneller, whose portraits are undoubtedly noble and prepossessing. - - - ------- - - - No. 33. LADY DIANA RUSSELL AS A CHILD. - - _Elizabethan ruff. Elaborate lace head-dress. Rich frock. Coral - and bells. Holds a pack of cards._ - - DIED 1701. - - -SHE was the second daughter of William, fifth Earl (afterwards first -Duke) of Bedford. At an early age she gave much anxiety to her family, -from having, it is said, eaten some poisonous berries, which caused the -death of her sister Anne. Diana recovered, and married, in 1667, Sir -Greville Verney of Compton Verney, County Warwick; and secondly, -William, third Baron Allington of Wymondley and Killard, of Horseheath, -County Cambridge, Constable of the Tower. Lady Allington appears to have -taken a keen interest in the passing events of the day, especially in -the Revolution of 1688. She is often mentioned in terms of genuine -affection by Rachel, Lady Russell, in her letters. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - DRAWING-ROOM. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - DRAWING-ROOM. - - - ------- - - - No. 1. LADY ISABELLA DORMER, AFTERWARDS COUNTESS OF MOUNTRATH, AS A - CHILD. - - _Tawny dress. Blue drapery. Fastening up a flower._ - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - -She was the second daughter of Charles, third Lord Dormer, and second -and last Earl of Carnarvon (of that family), by Elizabeth, daughter of -Arthur, Lord Capel. She married Sir Charles Coote, fourth Earl of -Mountrath, of a noble family of French extraction, which settled first -in Devonshire, and subsequently in Ireland. Sir Charles Coote, for his -loyalty and military services, was, at the Restoration, created, with -other honours, Earl of Mountrath. It was his grandson, and third Earl of -Mountrath, who married the subject of this notice. He was much -considered at Court, carried the banner of Ireland at the funeral of -Queen Mary in 1694, was one of the Lords Justices in 1696, and died in -1709. His grandson, the sixth Earl, married Lady Diana Newport, daughter -of the Earl of Bradford. - - - ------- - - - No. 2. LADY DIANA FEILDING. - - _Oval. Blue dress. Dark hair._ - - DIED 1731. - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - -She was the daughter of Francis Newport, first Earl of Bradford, by Lady -Diana Russell. She married, first, Thomas Howard of Ashtead, County -Surrey, Esq., Knight of the Bath, Groom of the Bedchamber to George the -First, Auditor of the Exchequer, and Clerk Comptroller of the Board of -Green Cloth, by whom she had a son, who died while a schoolboy at -Westminster, and a daughter married to Lord Dudley and Ward. By her -second husband, the Honourable William Feilding, younger son of William, -fifth Earl of Denbigh, and second Earl of Desmond (whom she also -survived), she left no children. A marble tablet, surmounted by a bust, -at Ashtead, where she lies buried, bears this inscription: ‘Be this -monument sacred to the memory of Lady Diana Feilding, daughter of -Francis Newport, first Earl of Bradford. Her first husband was grandson -to the Earl of Berkshire. Surviving her children, this illustrious -branch of the house of Howard became her family. To it during her life -she assured the inheritance of that estate she enjoyed by the bounty of -her first husband, and at her death she made provision still more ample -to support the honour and dignity of the present Earl of Berkshire and -his descendants. That his gratitude therefore may be preserved in the -minds of his latest posterity, Henry Bowes, Earl of Berkshire, has -caused this monument to be erected, 1773.’ Lady Diana was very -charitable to the poor, and built and endowed alms-houses for six poor -widows in the neighbourhood of Leatherhead. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. LADY DIANA RUSSELL. - - _Oval. Blue velvet gown. Pearl necklace. Fair curls._ - - BORN 1622, DIED 1694. - - BY VERELST. - - -SHE was the youngest daughter of Francis William, son of William, Lord -Russell of Thornhaugh, County North Hants, who succeeded his cousin -Edward, as fourth Earl of Bedford. Her mother was Catherine, daughter -and co-heir of Giles Bridges, Lord Chandos. Lady Diana married Francis, -Viscount Newport (afterwards first Earl of Bradford), a distinguished -loyalist, and brave soldier in Charles the First’s army. He was taken -prisoner at Oswestry in 1644, at which time his wife (with Lady -D’Aubigny and others) also fell into the hands of the rebels, as appears -by a letter from the famous Hugh Peters to the Earl of Stamford, -soliciting the release of Lady Newport. She died in 1694, and was -interred at Chenies, the burial-place of the Russell family in -Buckinghamshire. - - - ------- - - - No. 4. PORTRAIT OF A LADY. UNKNOWN. - - _Dark blue dress. Seated, leaning her arm on a boulder. Landscape in the - background._ - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - LIBRARY. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - LIBRARY. - - - ------- - - - No. 1. HONOURABLE ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, GRENADIER GUARDS. - - _Undress. Guard’s uniform._ - - BORN 1794, DIED 1827. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -HE was the third son of the first Earl of Bradford by the Hon. Lucy -Byng. Was in the Grenadier Guards, and wounded at the battle of -Waterloo, and at first reported dead. He married, in 1817, Lady Selina -Needham, daughter of Francis, first Earl of Kilmorey, by whom he had -three children. - - - ------- - - - No. 2. CAPTAIN THE HONOURABLE CHARLES ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, R.N. - - _Naval uniform. Holding a telescope._ - - BORN 1791, DIED 1860. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -HE was the second son of Orlando, first Earl of Bradford (of the -Bridgeman family), by Lucy Elizabeth Byng, daughter of George, fourth -Viscount Torrington. He entered the Navy in 1804 as first-class -volunteer, on board the _Repulse_, Captain the Honourable Arthur Legge, -under whom the following year he became Midshipman, and was present at -Sir Robert Calder’s action at the Passage of the Dardanelles, and also -in the Expedition of the Scheldt. In 1809 he joined the _Manilla_, 36, -Captain George Francis Seymour (grandfather to the present Marquis of -Hertford, 1885); in 1810 he was confirmed Lieutenant in the _Semiramis_, -both on the Lisbon station. He was subsequently appointed -Flag-Lieutenant to his old Commander, Rear-Admiral Legge, under whose -orders he had first sailed. Charles Bridgeman was present at the defence -of Cadiz, and joined successively the _Bellerophon_, hoisting the flag -of Sir Richard Keats, on the Newfoundland station, and the _Royal -Sovereign_, yacht, Captain Sir John Poer Beresford. For two years he -then commanded the _Badger_, in the West Indies station, and assisted in -the reduction of Guadaloupe, and later on was appointed to the _Icarus_, -in South America, and the _Ruttenheimer_, which was attached to the -squadron in the Mediterranean. - -Charles Bridgeman retired from active service in 1846, attaining the -rank of Vice-Admiral before his death. He married, in 1819, Elizabeth -Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Chamberlain, British Consul at Rio Janeiro, -by whom he had a family of three sons and five daughters. Charles -Bridgeman was remarkable for his personal beauty, and was deservedly -popular in the service. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. THE HONOURABLE SELINA FORESTER, PRESENT COUNTESS OF BRADFORD. - - _Black gown. Small dog in her lap._ - - BY FRANCIS GRANT, AFTERWARDS SIR FRANCIS GRANT, P.R.A. - - -THE youngest of the five beautiful daughters of the first Baron -Forester, by Lady Katherine Manners, second daughter of the fourth Duke -of Rutland. She married, in 1844, Viscount Newport, who succeeded his -father as third and present Earl of Bradford, by whom she had four sons -and two daughters. - - - ------- - - - No. 4. PORTRAIT, SAID TO BE KING RICHARD THE THIRD. - - PAINTER UNKNOWN. - - - ------- - - - No. 5. ROBERT JENKINSON, SECOND EARL OF LIVERPOOL, K.G. - - _Dark coat. White waistcoat._ - - BORN 1770, DIED 1828. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -BEGAN his education at a school at Parsons-green, where he remained till -he was thirteen, and was then removed to the Charterhouse, where he -continued for two or three years, and distinguished himself in classics -and other branches of learning. He afterwards entered Christ Church -College, Oxford, but his father had early destined him for public life, -and directed Robert’s studies with a view to his future career, making a -point that political science, commerce, and finance should be especially -attended to. At college young Jenkinson became the companion and friend -of George Canning, afterwards Prime Minister, a friendship which -continued for a very long period. Robert Jenkinson was at Paris on the -breaking out of the Revolution, and witnessed the demolition of the -Bastille by the mob: he was the means of affording useful information to -the British Government respecting the state of French public affairs, -being in close correspondence with Mr. Pitt. On his return to England he -was chosen Member of Parliament for Rye, under the especial patronage of -the Minister. But his election taking place twelve months before his age -qualified him to sit in the House of Commons, he passed the intervening -time in Paris. In 1791, on attaining his twenty-first year, he took his -seat, and made his first speech in opposition to a motion of Mr. -Whitbread’s on foreign affairs, in which the young member showed a -wonderful acquaintance with European politics and international law. -Both he and his father were opposed to the Abolition of the Slave-trade. -When in 1792 Charles Fox moved an address to the King to the effect that -his Majesty should send an Ambassador to the French Republic (Lord Gower -having been recalled), Mr. Jenkinson, in the absence of Mr. Pitt, -replied in indignant and eloquent terms: ‘On this very day, while we are -here debating about sending an Ambassador to Paris—on this very day is -the King of France to receive sentence; and in all probability it is the -day of his murder.’ And he proceeded in glowing terms to point out how -ill-advised, undignified, and unfeeling the sanction which would thus be -given to ‘sanguinary monsters’ would appear in the sight of all men. -Fox’s motion was rejected without a division, and Jenkinson’s eloquence -gained him universal praise, Edmund Burke being loud in his approbation. -The young member rose in the opinion of all parties from that moment, -and continued to take a prominent part as an upholder of the Government, -which course he pursued for several years. In 1793 he was appointed one -of the Commissioners of the India Board: he invariably distinguished -himself, especially when speaking on matters connected with trade and -commerce, for which, Mr. Sheridan said, ‘Mr. Jenkinson might be expected -to have some claims to hereditary knowledge.’ In 1796 Robert’s father -was created Earl of Liverpool, and he himself assumed the title of Lord -Hawkesbury. He was a staunch advocate for the union with Ireland, and in -1801 he became Foreign Secretary, on the formation of a new Ministry, -which gave him ample scope for his knowledge of political affairs on the -Continent; and in the fulfilment of his official duties, he gained new -laurels on many occasions too numerous to detail here. Later on, the -management of the House of Commons (as it is technically called) -devolved upon Lord Hawkesbury, who spoke on all the important questions -of the day, and, at the opening of the next session, was called up to -the House of Lords in order to strengthen the Ministry in the Upper -House. On the return of Mr. Pitt at the head of the Ministry, he -received the seals of the Home Department. At a late period of this -session, on Mr. Wilberforce again bringing forward his favourite -question of the Abolition of the Slave-trade, Lord Hawkesbury was -instrumental in opposing the measure in the House of Lords, after it had -passed the Commons, a course which he also pursued with regard to the -Emancipation of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, advocated by Lord -Grenville. On the death of Mr. Pitt in 1806, the King sent for Lord -Hawkesbury to form a new Ministry, an offer which he deemed it advisable -to decline, accepting, however, the office of Warden of the Cinque -Ports. He afterwards resumed his old post as Home Secretary, and, his -father dying in 1808, he succeeded to the Earldom of Liverpool. He -warmly advocated the cause of Spain, and was selected to move the thanks -of the House of Lords to Lord Wellington for his gallantry in the -Peninsula. After the assassination of Mr. Perceval in 1812, Lord -Liverpool was prevailed upon, after frequent refusals, to accept the -office of Prime Minister, and during his long administration, which -lasted from 1812 to 1827, many of the questions of the deepest -importance connected with home and foreign politics were brought under -the notice of the Government. Lord Liverpool never slackened in his -attention to public affairs, whatever difference of opinion may have -existed then, or subsequently as to the liberality of his opinions. The -last occasion on which Lord Liverpool was seen at his post was on the -15th of February 1827, when he moved an address expressing the -willingness of the House to make an additional provision for the Duke -and Duchess of Clarence. On the next day, after rising apparently in -good health, and reading his morning letters, he was found by his -servant stretched lifeless on the floor, and when the three most eminent -physicians of the day were called in, it was ascertained that Lord -Liverpool was suffering from an attack of an apoplectic and paralytic -nature. As soon as prudence allowed, he was removed to his house at -Combe Wood, where he gradually declined, both in mental and bodily -power, and expired, in the presence of his wife, and his brother and -successor, the Honourable Charles Cecil Jenkinson, on the 4th of -December 1828. - -Lord Liverpool was twice married: first, to Lady Louisa Hervey, third -daughter of the Bishop of Derry, fourth Earl of Bristol, who died in -1821; and secondly, to Mary, daughter of Charles Chester, Esq., formerly -Bagot, brother of the first Lord Bagot. He had no children by either -marriage. - - - ------- - - - No. 6. NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE THE FIRST: EMPEROR OF FRANCE. - - _Dark green uniform._ - - BY DAVID. - - - ------- - - - No. 7. GEORGE AUGUSTUS FREDERICK HENRY, SECOND EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Blue coat. White waistcoat. Cloak._ - - BORN 1789, DIED 1865. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -HE was the eldest son of the first Earl of Bradford by the Hon. Lucy -Byng. He married, first, Georgina, only daughter of Sir Thomas -Moncreiffe, Bart., by whom he had several children; and secondly, Helen, -widow of Sir David Moncreiffe, Bart., and daughter of Æneas Mackay, -Esq., who died at Cannes in 1869. - - - ------- - - - No. 8. ANNE BOLEYN, SECOND WIFE OF KING HENRY THE EIGHTH. - - _Large cap. Gown cut square._ - - EXECUTED 1536. - - -THIS is a crayon sketch by Holbein, with a memorandum in his own -handwriting. - - - ------- - - - No. 9. ORLANDO, FIRST EARL OF BRADFORD. - - BORN 1762, DIED 1825. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -HE was the second Baron Bradford, and promoted to the Earldom in 1815. -He married, in 1788, the Hon. Lucy Byng, daughter of George, fourth -Viscount Torrington. - - - ------- - - - No. 10. QUEEN VICTORIA. - - A SKETCH BY THOMAS. - - EXECUTED FOR ORLANDO, LORD BRADFORD, WHEN LORD CHAMBERLAIN, BY HER - MAJESTY’S PERMISSION. - - - ------- - - - No. 11. GEORGE THE SECOND, KING OF ENGLAND. - - _Red coat. Ribbon of the Garter._ - - BORN 1683, CROWNED KING OF ENGLAND 1727, DIED 1760. - - BY PINE. - - - ------- - - - No. 13. EDWARD STANLEY, FOURTEENTH EARL OF DERBY, K.G. - - _Black frock-coat. White waistcoat. Right hand on a table. Left holds - the string of eye-glass._ - - BORN 1799, DIED 1869. - - BY SIR FRANCIS GRANT, P.R.A. - - -HE was the eldest son of Edward, Lord Stanley, afterwards thirteenth -Earl of Derby by Charlotte, second daughter of the Rev. Geoffrey Hornby. - -The subject of this notice was educated at Eton and Christ Church, -Oxford, where in 1819 he gained the Chancellor’s prize for Latin verse -for his poem of _Syracuse_. In 1821 he entered the House of Commons as -member for Stockbridge, and sat subsequently for Preston, Windsor, and -North Lancashire. He was Under-Secretary for the Colonies from 1830 to -1833, Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1833 to 1834, and again -from 1841 to 1845. In 1844 he was summoned to the House of Lords in his -father’s barony of Stanley, and in 1859 was made a K.G. He was First -Lord of the Treasury in 1852, 1858, and 1866. He was a strenuous opposer -of Free-trade and the Repeal of the Corn Laws, and his name is -invariably connected with ‘Protection.’ Lord Derby was remarkable as a -statesman, a scholar, a wit, and an orator. In the latter capacity his -enthusiasm and eloquence gained him the sobriquet of ‘the Rupert of -Debate.’ In society his brilliant conversation, keen sense of humour, -and genial disposition, made him a favourite with men and women of all -classes and opinions, and his death was as much deplored in private as -in political circles. - -He married, in 1825, Emma Caroline, second daughter of Edward, first -Lord Skelmersdale, who survived him, and by whom he had two sons and a -daughter. - -This little picture is the original design of Sir F. Grant for a large -portrait of Lord Derby, which was painted for the family, and he -afterwards finished it with great care, and gave it to Lord Bradford. - - - ------- - - - No. 15. HENRY GRESWOLD LEWIS, ESQ. OF MALVERN HALL. - - DIED 1819. - - BY CONSTABLE. - - -HE married the Honourable Charlotte Bridgeman, daughter of Henry, Lord -Bradford. - - - ------- - - - No. 16. THE HONOURABLE AND REVEREND GEORGE BRIDGEMAN. - - _Black coat._ - - BORN 1765, DIED 1832. - - BY CONSTABLE. - - -HE was the youngest son of Henry, first Lord Bradford, by the daughter -and heir of the Rev. John Simpson. He entered the Church, and held -successively the family livings of Weston, and Wigan (in Lancashire), -where he died. - -In 1792 he married Lady Lucy Boyle, only daughter of Edmund, seventh -Earl of Cork and Orrery, by whom he had two daughters and one son. Lady -Lucy died in 1801, and in 1809 the widower married Charlotte Louisa, -daughter of William Poyntz, Esq. of Midgham, Berks, who was first cousin -to his first wife. This lady had no children, and she died in 1840, at -Hampton Court. Mr. Bridgeman was a most amiable man and a most genial -companion. He was beloved in his own family, and among a large circle of -friends, by the servants of his household, the poor in his parish, by -children, horses, and dogs. Indeed, the influence he exercised over -animals was wonderful. In his latter days he possessed a beautiful -thoroughbred chestnut mare, hot-tempered and violent by nature, who let -no opportunity slip of taking the bit between her teeth. The grooms, -until they became ‘up to her wicked ways,’ fought shy of riding her, and -the writer’s sister, a splendid and fearless horsewoman, was very much -mortified one day at finding she could not hold ‘uncle George’s’ mare. -Yet the moment Mr. Bridgeman, then old and infirm, got into the saddle, -the generous beast became as quiet as a lamb, and her master would often -lay the reins on her beautiful neck, to show the perfect understanding -that subsisted between them. Added to an earnest and by no means morose -piety, the good pastor possessed a vein of genial humour, and a genuine -love of fun, which was doubtless one of the qualities that endeared him -to the younger part of the community, and an anecdote is told of him -which is highly characteristic. One evening, dining alone at a club in -London, where he was little known, it was impossible to avoid -overhearing the conversation at a neighbouring table, which, strangely -enough, turned on his own son, an officer of the Guards. The diners -spoke of the pecuniary difficulties into which he had lately been -plunged, and while they confessed his extravagance, they sang his -praises—at least he was not selfish, at least he spent his money on -others, etc. etc.; no doubt about it, Bridgeman was a capital fellow, -the best fellow in the world, and many were the jolly parties they had -had at his expense. Now this was a sore subject at that moment to the -Rector of Wigan, but his sense of the ludicrous triumphed over every -other feeling, and, rising quietly, he advanced towards the astonished -group at the other table. ‘Gentlemen,’ he said, ‘I am very grateful for -the handsome terms in which you have spoken of my son, but will you -allow me to remark that it is I who am the best fellow in the world, -since it is I who have paid for all those dinners and suppers, which I -am delighted to think you have so much enjoyed.’ - - - ------- - - - No. 17. THE HONOURABLE JOHN BRIDGEMAN SIMPSON. - - _Brown coat. White waistcoat._ - - BORN 1763, DIED 1850. - - AFTER HOPPNER. _The Original is at Babworth._ - - -HE was the second son of Henry Bridgeman, first Baron Bradford, of -Weston under Lizard, by the daughter and heir of the Rev. John Simpson -of Babworth, County Notts. In 1784 he married Henrietta Frances, -daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Worsley, Bart., by whom (who died in -1791) he had, besides two children who died young, a daughter who became -heir to her uncle, Sir Richard Worsley, and married the Honourable -Charles Pelham, afterwards Lord Yarborough. John Bridgeman assumed the -maternal arms and name of Simpson in 1785, and eventually inherited the -property of that family. In 1793 he married, as his second wife, Grace, -daughter of Samuel Estwicke, Esq., by whom he had a very numerous -family. - - - ------- - - - No. 18. SIR GEORGE GUNNING, BART. - - _Dark coat._ - - BORN 1783, DIED 1823. - - BY CONSTABLE. - - -HE was the eldest son of Sir Robert Gunning, Bart., K.B., of Horton, -County North Hants, by Anne, only daughter of Robert Sutton, Esq. of -Scofton, County Notts. Sir Robert had resided some time at the Courts of -Berlin and St. Petersburg, as Minister Plenipotentiary, and was created -a Baronet for his diplomatic services. His son and successor, George, -married the daughter of Henry Bridgeman, first Lord Bradford, in 1794. -Sir George represented the boroughs of Wigan, Hastings, and East -Grinstead, at different periods in Parliament. - - - ------- - - - No. 19. SIR WILLIAM LOWTHER, BART. - - _Brown coat. White waistcoat. Right hand holding a fold of the coat. - White frill._ - - DIED 1763 (?). - - BY SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. - - -HE was the son of Sir Thomas Lowther of Holker Hall, by Lady Elizabeth -Cavendish (called in the family Lady Betty), daughter of the second Duke -of Devonshire. - -A note in Sir Joshua Reynolds’ handwriting says that he made three -copies of the portrait of Sir William Lowther: one for Major Kynaston, -one for Mr. Bridgeman, and one for Lord Frederick Cavendish, Lady -Elizabeth’s nephew, in 1758. He died unmarried, and left all the Holker -property to Lord George Cavendish, on whose death in 1794 the estates -devolved on the Duke of Devonshire, and are now in possession of the -present Duke (1888). Sir William Lowther was a man of refined taste, had -travelled much in Italy, and made an excellent collection of pictures, -respecting the purchase of which he gives some amusing details in -letters which are still extant at Holker. - - - ------- - - - No. 20. VICE-ADMIRAL LORD HUGH SEYMOUR. - - _Naval uniform._ - - BORN 1759, DIED 1801. - - BY HOPPNER. - - -HE was the fifth son of Francis, Earl, afterwards Marquis, of Hertford, -by a daughter of the Duke of Grafton. He entered the Royal Navy while -yet a boy, and justified his parents’ choice of a profession for him, -never losing an opportunity of distinguishing himself in the service he -loved. His first cruise was on board the _Pallas_, Captain the -Honourable Leveson Gower. - -In 1785 he married Lady Horatia Waldegrave, daughter of James, second -Earl Waldegrave, with whose beautiful features we are well acquainted in -Sir Joshua Reynolds’ world-famed picture of ‘The Three Sisters,’ so long -the glory of Strawberry Hill. The union was very happy, only marred by -the separations which Lord Hugh’s profession entailed; they had a family -of five sons and three daughters. Seymour gained post-rank early, and in -1794 did good service in command of the _Leviathan_, on the glorious 1st -of June (Lord Howe’s victory), when he was promoted to a colonelcy of -marines. Next year he attained flag-rank, and commanded the _Spaniel_, -under Lord Bridport, in that Admiral’s encounter with the French fleet -off the island of St. Croix. From 1795 to 1798 Lord Hugh had a seat at -the Board of Admiralty, after which he was appointed Commander-in-Chief -of the Leeward Islands, during which time the colony of Surinam -surrendered to the English combined naval and military forces under -Admiral Lord Hugh Seymour and General Trigge. The Admiral’s eldest son, -afterwards Admiral Sir George Seymour, whose son succeeded to the -Marquisate of Hertford, was on board his father’s ship, but was -invalided home in 1801, and on his arrival in England sad news awaited -him. His beloved mother was no more; while a fast sailing ship brought -the fatal tidings that a few days after his own departure, Lord Hugh had -died of yellow fever. Yet another blow was in store for the poor young -sailor, enfeebled by illness, and nearly overwhelmed by this -accumulation of sorrow, in the loss of his favourite little brother, -William, the pet of the family. The tenderest care and most consummate -skill were needed to snatch George Seymour from the jaws of death. But -he lived to be an honour to his profession, and a blessing to his family -and friends. He inherited his mother’s beauty, as those who remember him -can testify. His countenance was noble, his eyes large and brilliant, -while even the wide gash of a sabre cut, received in action, across the -lips, was powerless to mar the rare sweetness of his smile. - - - ------- - - - No. 21. HENRY, FIRST LORD BRADFORD. - - _Peer’s Parliamentary robes. White hair._ - - DIED 1800. - - BY ROMNEY (?). - -[See page 188.] - - - ------- - - - No. 22. GEORGE BRIDGEMAN, ESQ. - - _Uniform Grenadier Guards. Scarlet cloak._ - - BORN 1727, DIED 1767. - - BY SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. - - -HE was the third son of Sir Orlando Bridgeman, by Lady Ann Newport, -daughter and heiress of the second Earl of Bradford. He died unmarried -at Lisbon. - - - ------- - - - No. 23. CAPTAIN JOHN WILLETT PAYNE, R.N., AFTERWARDS VICE-ADMIRAL. - - _Naval uniform._ - - BORN 1752, DIED 1803. - - BY HOPPNER. - - -HE entered the Royal Navy in 1769, on board the _Quebec_, thirty-two -guns, Captain Lord Ducie; then served in the _Eagle_, sixty-four guns, -bearing the flag of Earl Howe, during the American war, whence he was -made Lieutenant, and afterwards promoted to post-rank, July 1780. - -Captain Payne distinguished himself on several occasions, especially in -an engagement in the West Indies, in 1783, with the _Pluto_, a ship of -very superior force. He was in command of the _Russell_, in Lord Howe’s -memorable victory, the glorious 1st of June 1794. In 1799 he became -Rear-Admiral of the _Red_, and the following year succeeded Lord -Bridport as Treasurer of Greenwich Hospital. He brought over Caroline of -Brunswick, Princess of Wales, on board the _Jupiter_. Jack Payne, as he -was called in society, was a great favourite and constant companion of -the Prince of Wales, who appointed him Comptroller of his Household, in -which capacity he made himself extremely popular by his courtesy, -geniality, and genuine kindness. At the time of his death he had also -the command (being then Vice-Admiral) of the coasts of Devonshire and -Cornwall, and Lord Warden of the Stannaries. - -He died at Greenwich, whence he was followed to the grave by an -interminable procession of carriages, many of which contained friends -and acquaintances, for Admiral Payne was a most popular member of -society. He was buried in St. Margaret’s, Westminster. - - - ------- - - - No. 24. THE HONOURABLE ORLANDO GEORGE CHARLES BRIDGEMAN, THIRD EARL OF - BRADFORD. - - _When a child. In a red frock. Sitting on the lawn._ - - BORN 1819. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER, R.A. - - -HE is the eldest son of the second Earl of Bradford (of the Bridgeman -family), by Georgina, the only daughter of Sir Thomas Moncreiffe, Bart. -Educated at Harrow School and at Trinity College, Cambridge; was M.P. -for Shropshire, from 1842 until he succeeded to the Earldom in 1865; was -Vice-Chamberlain of the Royal Household from February till December -1852, and from February 1858 till June 1859; Lord Chamberlain from 1866 -till December 1868; and Master of the Horse to the Queen from 1874 till -May 1880; and again from June 1885 till Feb. 1886. He is -Deputy-Lieutenant of Staffordshire, and Deputy-Lieutenant of -Warwickshire; Captain of the Salopian Yeomanry, 1844, and -Lieutenant-Colonel of 1st Battalion of Shropshire Volunteers; also -Lord-Lieutenant and _Custos Rotulorum_ of Shropshire since 1875. - -In 1844 he married the Honourable Selina Forester, youngest daughter of -the first Lord Forester, by Lady Katherine Manners, second daughter of -the fourth Duke of Rutland. - - -[Illustration] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - DINING-ROOM. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - DINING-ROOM. - - - ------- - - -No. 1. MARGARET HOWARD, COUNTESS OF CARLISLE, AND HER NIECE, LADY DIANA - RUSSELL. - - _Reddish brown gown. Resting her hand on a table. Little girl in a white - frock leaning against her aunt’s knee._ - - BORN 1618. DIED 1664. - - BY STONE AFTER VANDYCK. - - -SHE was the third daughter of Francis, fourth Earl of Bedford, by -Catherine Brydges. She married at a very early age James Hay, afterwards -second Earl of Carlisle, of that family. Margaret’s father-in-law was -often connected with her own father in the political events of the reign -of Charles the First. After the death of her husband in 1660, she -married her second lord, Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick, second Earl of -Holland; and lastly, Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester, of whom -Clarendon speaks in terms of high eulogium. The little girl in the -picture is Lady Diana Russell, afterwards Lady Allington. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. THOMAS, EARL OF ARUNDEL AND SURREY. - - _In armour. With a boy beside him._ - - BORN 1592. DIED 1646. - - BY VANDYCK. - - -RESPECTING this picture there has been more than one controversy, and it -has been not only erroneously named in a catalogue of a gallery at -Madrid, but copied, doubtless from thence, into the edition of -engravings of Vandyck’s portraits in the British Museum. It has been -miscalled Don Alonzo Perez de Guzman el Bueno and his son. The late Lord -Bradford, when in Madrid, saw a replica of the picture in his -possession, and made a note to the effect that the portrait could not be -that of the Spanish nobleman in question, according to the date of -Vandyck’s death. His lordship identified it as that of Thomas, Earl of -Arundel and Surrey, and his grandson. - -Thomas was the only son of Philip, Earl of Arundel (who died a prisoner -in the Tower), by Anne, sister and co-heir of Thomas, Lord Dacre of -Gillesland. He was deprived, by his father’s attainder, of the honours -and greater part of the estates of his family, and had only the title of -Lord Maltravers by courtesy during Queen Elizabeth’s reign, but was -restored by Act of Parliament in the first year of James the First -(1603) to all the titles and estates which his father had enjoyed before -his attainder, as also to the Earldom of Surrey, and to such dignity of -baronies as his grandfather, the Duke of Norfolk, had also forfeited. He -was, moreover, created Earl Marshal in 1621, and Earl of Norfolk in -1644; he married Lady Alatheia Talbot, daughter, and eventually sole -heir, of Gilbert, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, and was succeeded by his -second son, Henry Frederick. - - - ------- - - - No. 5. DOROTHY, COUNTESS OF SUNDERLAND. - - _Crimson dress. Pearl ornaments. Pillar in the background._ - - BORN 1620, DIED 1683-4. - - BY VANDYCK. - - -IT has been well said of this beautiful and exemplary woman, that she is -even (like the old Italian masters of painting) better known to -posterity by her sobriquet than her name, for there were more than one -Lady Sunderland, but only one ‘Saccharissa.’ The poet, therefore, may -lay better claim to the title of godfather than the sponsors who held -the infant Dorothy at the font. She was the eldest of the eight -daughters of Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester, of that name, by Dorothy, -daughter of Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland. Lord and Lady -Leicester bore a high character for ‘integrity and refinement of -breeding at the Court of Charles the First, while in private life they -shone a bright example of domestic harmony.’ Lady Leicester was a -provident as well as a tender mother, and she entertained early projects -in the matter of an advantageous marriage for her daughter, while -Dorothy was still very young. At sixteen the girl was renowned for her -beauty, and already surrounded by suitors. There appears to have been a -talk at Court of the probability of a match with my Lord Russell, the -heir of the house of Bedford; and Lady Leicester writes from the country -to her lord at Court, in 1635: - - ‘It would rejoice me much to receave some hope of that lord’s - addresses to Doll, that you writt of to me, for next to what - consarns you, I confess she is considered by me above any thing - of this world.’ - -This marriage, however, was not to be, and there was shortly after a -talk of the Earl of Devonshire, which, by Lady Leicester’s -correspondence, appears to have had some let or hindrance, through the -interference of meddling interferers; beside, she considered his mother -and sister were ‘full of decaite and jugling,’ professing to desire the -union. The next aspirant to the fair hand of the beautiful daughter of -Penshurst was no other than the celebrated Lord Lovelace, of whom her -mother thus writes: ‘I find my Lord Lovelace so uncertaine and so idle, -so much addicted to mean companie, and easily drawn to debaucherie, it -is now my studie to brake off with him. Many particulars I could tell -you of his wildnesse, but the knowledge of them would be of no use to -you, as he is likely to be a stranger to us. For tho’ his estate is -goode, his person pretie enowfe, his witte much more than ordinarie, yet -dare I not venture to give Doll to him.’ Lady Leicester concludes her -letter to her husband by saying, ‘My deere hart, let not these cross -accidents trouble you, for we do not know what God has provided for -her.’ - -The poet Waller now came forward and laid himself at the feet of the -high-born beauty; he had been left a widower when quite young, and had -gifts of nature and fortune to recommend him, but Dorothy’s parents -looked for noble birth in a suitor for their daughter’s hand, and it is -to be feared the poor poet was dismissed with some disdain. He was not -inconsolable, however; he sought solace from his Muse, and, better -still, in his union shortly afterwards with a willing bride. - -A marriage was at length concluded ‘for dear Doll,’ which was calculated -to satisfy the best expectations of her parents, and to ensure her own -happiness. - -Henry, Lord Spencer of Wormleighton, the first-born son of the second -lord, by Penelope, daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, -was born at Althorp, his father’s country house, in 1620. To that -father’s titles and large estates the young man succeeded in 1636, and -in 1639 he was married at Penshurst, Lord Leicester’s beautiful home in -Kent, to that nobleman’s eldest and most beloved daughter, Lady Dorothy -Sidney. Lord Leicester was at the time Ambassador to the Court of -France, and immediately after the marriage the happy young couple -hurried off to join the bride’s father in Paris, where they remained for -two years, that is to say, until Lord Leicester’s diplomatic mission was -at an end. On their return, Lord Spencer took his seat in the House of -Lords, and soon made himself an object of esteem and commendation by his -talents and general good conduct. These qualities, added to his high -position and large property, naturally made him an object worth -contending for by the two adverse parties that were now beginning to -convulse England. Lord Spencer had liberal views in the literal -acceptation of the word, and stoutly opposed many measures which he -considered arbitrary that emanated from the Throne; and the Parliament, -which was now beginning to assume the executive, had great hopes of the -young lord, and believed that they had bound him to their side when he -accepted the Lord-Lieutenancy of his native county which they offered -him. But Lord Spencer came of a loyal stock, and there is little doubt -he cherished the hope of mediating between the King and his Parliament, -in which expectation he had many sharers amongst the nobility and gentry -of the land. He strove all he could to be a ‘daysman’ between the two -factions, but finding that his admonitions to the Parliament when they -broke out into open rebellion were of no avail, he proclaimed himself -stoutly for the King; and in the early and blissful days of his married -life he tore himself from the embrace of his beautiful wife and the calm -happiness of his ancestral home, to mix in the noise, turmoil, and -danger of a camp, in company with his kinsman and countyman, the gallant -Spencer Compton, Earl of Northampton, who was destined to fall at Hopton -Heath. Lord Spencer joined the King at York, and when the royal standard -was unfurled at Nottingham, he took the field as a volunteer. In his -constant letters to his ‘dearest harte,’ he gives a melancholy picture -of the perplexed and unsatisfactory state of affairs in the royal army. -He says: ‘The discontent that I and other honest men receive dayly is -beyond expression,’ and he declares ‘that were it not for the punctilio -of honour’ he would not ‘remaine an howre.’ - -Lord Spencer was with the King at Edgehill, and with Prince Rupert at -Bristol, etc. etc., and in 1643 he was raised to the dignity of Earl of -Sunderland. He writes a long and most loving letter to his sweetest Doll -from before Gloucester, and thanks her for her letters, ‘writing to you -and hearing from you being the most pleasant entertainment I am capable -of receiving in anie place, but especially here, where, but when I am in -the trenches (which are seldom without my company), I am more solitarie -than ever I was in mie life.’ In another letter written from Oxford in -September 1643, he thus speaks of his little daughter: ‘Pray bless Popet -for me, and tell her I would have writt to her, but on deliberation I -deem it uncivil to return an answer to a ladie in anie other characters -but her own, and that I am not learned enough to do.’ Alas! the brave -soldier was never more destined to enjoy his wife’s dear company, or -clasp his sweet Popet to his heart. Four days after that letter was -penned, the writer was struck down by a cannon ball on the field of -Newbury, in company with his friend and brother in arms, ‘the -incomparable Falkland,’ and many other brave and loyal spirits. For -twelve months Lord Sunderland had fought beside the King, as a -volunteer, for he never would accept a commission. There is a most -touching letter extant from Lord Leicester to his widowed daughter, -which our limited space alone prevents our inserting here. The fair -hopes contained in her old admirer Waller’s letter, written at the time -of her marriage, to her sister, Lady Lucy Sidney, were far from being -fulfilled. After wishing the couple every happiness, he says, ‘May her -lord not mourn her long, but go hand in hand with her to that place -where is neither marrying nor giving in marriage, but being divorced, we -may all have an equal interest in her.’ There spoke the disappointed and -jealous lover. Lady Sunderland was with child of a daughter at the -period of her lord’s untimely death, who scarcely survived its birth. -She retired to her husband’s estate in Northamptonshire, where she made -herself generally beloved. ‘She is not to be mentioned,’ says Lloyd in -his Memoirs of the Loyalists, ‘without the highest honour, in the -catalogue of sufferers, to so many of whom her house was a sanctuary, -her interest a protection, her estate a maintenance.’ Influenced, it is -said, by her father’s wishes, she contracted a second marriage in 1652 -to Sir Robert Smythe, of the family of the Lords Strangford, a gentleman -of Kent, but was again left a widow; she survived Sir Robert some time, -and, we are told, she continued to see her old flame Waller, to whom she -one day put the dangerous question—‘Pray, Master Waller, when will you -write such pretty verses to me again?’ Was it the sting of old -mortification which prompted the cruel answer, ‘When your ladyship is -young and beautiful again’? By her first husband Lady Sunderland had two -children, Robert, the second Earl,—the Minister of whom the anecdote is -told that when Addison intrusted Edmund Smith with the task of writing a -history of the Revolution of 1688, the proposed author asked the -staggering question, ‘What shall I do with the character of Lord -Sunderland?’ and a daughter, Dorothy, who married Sir George Saville, -afterwards Marquis of Halifax. By her second husband she had an only -child, Robert, Governor of Dover Castle. Lady Sunderland lies buried by -the side of her dearly loved Henry in a beautiful monument, in the -Spencer chapel, in the church of Brington, hard by Althorp House, and in -that house her name is still a household word; and Saccharissa’s bed, -the curtains of which, having her embroidered monogram of S twisting -round columns, may still be seen in one of the principal guest-chambers. - - - ------- - - - No. 7. CHARLES THE FIRST, KING OF ENGLAND. - - _Front face and two profiles._ - - BORN 1600, SUCCEEDED 1625, EXECUTED 1649. - - BY CARLO MARATTI AFTER VANDYCK. - - -THE second son of James the First, by Anne of Denmark. Married Henrietta -Maria of France. Dethroned and beheaded by his subjects. The original of -this picture by Vandyck, now at Windsor Castle, was sent to Rome to -Bernini, in order that he might make a bust from the same; Carlo Maratti -copied the picture while in the sculptor’s studio. On first beholding -the beautiful and noble head, the sculptor is said to have exclaimed, -‘That is the portrait of one who is born to misfortune.’ - - - ------- - - - No. 12. VENETIAN COURTESAN. - - BY TITIAN. - - - ------- - - - No. 14. EDWARD SEYMOUR, FIRST DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE PROTECTOR. - - _Tight-fitting vest. Black hat._ - - EXECUTED 1552. - - BY HOLBEIN. - - -THE second but eldest surviving son of Sir John Seymour, of Wulfhall, -County Wilts, by Margaret, daughter of Sir John Wentworth of Nettlested, -County Suffolk. He was educated at Oxford and Cambridge, and joining his -father, who was in high favour at Court, entered the army, distinguished -himself in France, and was knighted for his services in 1525. On his -return to England he was appointed Esquire to the King, and was one of -the challengers in the tilt-yard at Greenwich, when Henry the Eighth -kept his Christmas there. - -On the King’s marriage with his sister, Jane Seymour, Edward was created -Viscount Beauchamp, and in 1537 Earl of Hertford. He was then sent to -France on a mission, and was created Knight Companion of the Garter, at -Hampton Court, on his return. From this time his life became most -eventful. He proceeded twice to Scotland, high in command, and again to -France, where he was instrumental in concluding a peace with that -country. Honours and distinctions too many to enumerate were heaped on -the King’s brother-in-law, even after the death of poor Queen Jane. He -was one of the many executors of Henry the Eighth, by whose will he was -appointed guardian to the young King, and so prompt were his measures -and so successful his ambitious and self-seeking policy that when the -nephew was proclaimed King in London, the uncle was appointed Protector -of the realm. He already bore the titles of Earl and Viscount, and -Edward the Sixth, not content with adding the title of Baron, bestowed a -ducal coronet upon him, in order that the name of that family, ‘from -which our most beloved mother Jane, late Queen of England, drew her -beginning, might not be clouded by any higher title or colour of -dignity.’ Thus ran the words of the patent. When the Duke of Norfolk was -attainted, the Protector was made Earl Marshal for life. His power now -became almost absolute, and the boy King, delighted to do his uncle -honour, elected that he should sit on the right hand of the throne. -Indeed Somerset was now king in all but name, and his enemies, of whom -there were many, accused him of aspiring to the Crown in good earnest. -It was alleged against him that he used the royal pronoun ‘we,’ and -signed himself ‘Protector by the grace of God.’ But the life of -Protector Somerset belongs to the chronicles of the history of England. -Numerous factions rose up against him, at the head of which were the -Earl of Warwick, his sworn enemy, and his own ungrateful brother, -Thomas, Lord Seymour of Sudley. Many charges were brought against him; -he was deprived of all his high offices, and imprisoned in the Tower. -The young King, who loved him dearly, had little power to befriend his -uncle, whose estates were forfeited, and he was treated with insult and -contumely. The Earl of Warwick was bent on his destruction. Arraigned of -high treason at Westminster Hall, he demanded a trial of his peers, was -acquitted of the principal charge, but found guilty of felony, and after -several months’ imprisonment, in spite of every attempt on King Edward’s -part, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, was condemned to die on the -scaffold. On reaching the platform, he kneeled in prayer, and afterwards -addressed the people, with the majority of whom he was a great -favourite, in calm and measured terms, declaring his innocence, his -loyalty to the King, and his love of his native country. A tumult took -place among the people, and a horseman appearing suddenly in the crowd, -a cry was raised of ‘A pardon! a pardon!’ But all the time his -arch-enemy, Lord Warwick (or rather Northumberland, as he then was), -stood by untouched, shaking his cap and making signs to the people to be -quiet. We have not space to make extracts from a dying speech, which for -manliness, forbearance, and piety could scarcely be surpassed. The Duke, -unbuckling his sword, presented it to the Lieutenant of the Tower, gave -the executioner money, bade all near him farewell, and then kneeling -down, arranged his collar and covered his face, which showed ‘no signs -of trouble,’ with his handkerchief. Laying his head upon the block, he -called out thrice ‘Lord Jesu, save me,’ and then received the -death-stroke. - -Edward, first Duke of Somerset, was twice married. First, to Catherine, -daughter and co-heir of Sir William Fillol, of Woodlands, County Dorset, -respecting whom there exists a mystery and rumours of misconduct. -Certain it is that her son was disinherited. There seems little doubt, -at all events, that the Duke’s second wife, the daughter of Sir Edward -Stanhope, of Bampton, County Dorset, an ambitious and violent woman, -worked on her husband’s mind, to the detriment of her predecessor’s -children, in spite of which the coveted titles devolved after some -generations on Catherine Fillol’s descendants, ancestors in direct line -to the present Duke of Somerset. - - - ------- - - - No. 16. PORTRAIT OF A LADY. UNKNOWN. - - BY LUCAS CRANACH. - - - ------- - - - No. 18. PORTRAIT OF A LADY WITH A MONKEY. - - BY PARIS BORDONE (?). - - - ------- - - - No. 22. PORTRAIT OF A CHILD. - - BY PAUL VERONESE. - - - ------- - - - No. 23. ANTHONY VANDYCK - - _As Paris._ - - BORN 1599, DIED 1641. - - AFTER VANDYCK. - - -THE eldest son of a merchant in Antwerp (himself a painter in glass), by -one Maria Cuypero. Little Anthony’s mother was a skilful artist in -embroidery, and encouraged her boy’s taste for drawing, in the rudiments -of which he received instruction from his father. When only ten years of -age he became the pupil of Hendrik van Balen, a much-esteemed painter, -who had studied in Italy; but young Vandyck had set his heart on -entering the studio of his famous fellow-citizen, Peter Paul Rubens, and -that desire was fulfilled. His remarkable talent and untiring industry -made him a favourite both of master and scholars, when an incident -happened which brought him into prominent notice. It chanced one -afternoon, when Rubens was absent, that the scholars invaded the -sanctity of the private studio, and, in the exuberance of animal -spirits, indulged in what in modern parlance is called ‘bear-fighting.’ -An unfinished Holy Family stood on an easel, the colours not yet dry, -and, in the course of the rough play, one of his companions pushed Van -Diepenbeke so heavily against the precious canvas that the arm of the -Magdalen and the head of the Virgin were nearly effaced, and all the -colours smudged. The general consternation may easily be conceived. A -council was held, and a general decision arrived at that the most -skilful among the students should endeavour to repair the mischief. -Unanimous choice fell on Vandyck, who began to work in right earnest, -for there was not a moment to lose. There were but a few hours of -daylight left him, but he accomplished his task before nightfall. Early -next morning the dreaded moment arrived. Rubens entered his studio in -order to examine the work of the preceding evening, when he pronounced -the memorable words which seemed to bestow a diploma on his young -disciple: ‘Why, this looks better than it did yesterday!’ Then, -approaching nearer, he detected the traces of a strange hand. -Investigation and explanation followed, and Vandyck came in for great -praise from the lips of his beloved master. Rubens was most desirous -that his talented pupil should proceed to Italy to study the works of -the great masters, but in the meantime the young man had received an -invitation to England. The first visit he paid to our country was short -and unsatisfactory, and there are so many discrepancies in the accounts -of the work he did at that period and his reasons for leaving England -somewhat abruptly, that we refrain from entering further on the subject. -From England Vandyck proceeded to the Hague, where he painted portraits -of every class and denomination of person, commencing with the Court and -family of the Stadtholder, Henry Frederick. Nobles, warriors, statesmen, -burghers, all vied for the honour of sitting to him. The news of his -father’s illness recalled him to Antwerp. He arrived just in time to -receive that father’s blessing, and listen to his last injunctions, -which included an order to paint an altar for the Chapel of the -Dominican Sisters, who had nursed him tenderly in his illness. After -many delays from various causes Vandyck arrived in Venice, where he -studied Titian and Veronese, and afterwards proceeded to Genoa, where he -became the favourite of the proudest nobles of that proud city, and -adorned almost every palace therein with splendid portraits. At Rome he -remained some years; the first order he received being that of the -world-renowned portrait of Cardinal Bentivoglio, which attracted a crowd -of sitters to his studio, including all the nobility of the city and -most of the foreign visitors. He then made his way to Florence and most -of the northern cities of Italy, with a flying visit to Sicily, whence -he was driven by the outbreak of the plague. He returned to Antwerp, -where he at first shared the proverbial fate of the prophet in his own -country, and met with much ill-will and small patronage, until his old -friend Rubens came to his rescue by buying every completed picture in -his late scholar’s studio, and recommending and befriending him on every -occasion. Shortly afterwards Rubens departed from Antwerp on a -diplomatic mission, and he left Vandyck undisputed master of the field. -His hands were now full; he received endless commissions both in -portraits and sacred subjects. He afterwards went to Paris, and paid two -visits to England; the second time he was received at Court with every -mark of distinction. Charles the First treated the noble Fleming as a -personal friend, taking the greatest delight in his society. He became -the centre of attraction, and the cynosure of all eyes. Pre-eminently -handsome, brilliant in conversation, a good linguist, an enlightened -traveller—even without the crowning quality of his splendid talent, the -painter became a shining light in the refined and aristocratic circles -of the English capital. The King bestowed the honour of knighthood on -him, and presented him with a valuable miniature of himself set in -diamonds. Both their Majesties sat constantly for their portraits, and -it is needless to observe that every country house in England is -enriched by treasures from the brush of Vandyck. The King and the Duke -of Buckingham were busy in arranging a suitable match for their friend -and favourite. The lady selected was Mary Ruthven, a member of the -Queen’s household, and grand-daughter of the unfortunate Earl Gowrie, -much esteemed for her goodness and beauty, who visited Antwerp with her -husband shortly after their marriage, where they were received with -every mark of respect and distinction. After this they went to Paris, -where Vandyck met with disappointment, and fell into bad health, and on -his return to England he found that country in a state of confusion and -political strife, his royal and private friends involved in trouble and -perplexity, the King and Queen both absent from London, and the -Parliament in arms against the Crown. Sir Anthony’s health declined, -both physically and morally. He gave himself up to the pursuit of -alchemy, and would stand for hours over a hot fire in the vain hope of -obtaining the philosopher’s stone; He grew haggard and wrinkled while -still in the prime of life. The King, returning to London, and hearing -of his friend’s illness, sent his own physician, but all human aid was -unavailing. A severe attack of gout, combined with other maladies, -proved fatal, and on the 9th of December 1641, the man who by many has -been considered the chief of the world’s portrait painters breathed his -last. Followed by a large retinue of friends, he was buried in St. -Paul’s Cathedral, leaving a most exemplary will, in which wife, child, -sister, servants, were all remembered, as also the poor in two parishes. -He left an only daughter, Justiniana, who married Sir John Stepney of -Prendergast, Pembroke, and afterwards Martin de Carbonnell. She received -a pension from King Charles the Second. - -Lady Vandyck married a Welsh baronet, Sir Robert Pryce, as his second -wife. - - - ------- - - - No. 25. PORTRAIT OF A CHILD. - - BY PAUL VERONESE. - - - ------- - - - No. 26. SIR NICHOLAS CAREW. - - _Black and white dress._ - - BEHEADED 1539. - - BY HOLBEIN. - - -THE Carews came of an ancient family in Devonshire, but the branch to -which Sir Nicholas belonged had settled at Beddington, in Surrey, an -estate that had come into their possession by marriage. - -Nicholas was the eldest son of Sir Richard Carew, Knight-Banneret, by -Magdalen, daughter of Sir Thomas Oxenbridge, Bart., of Ford, in Sussex. -When Sir Richard died, and his son succeeded, the landed property was -very extensive, and it was said the owner might start from his own -house, and ride in any direction straight on end for ten miles at least -on his own land. When still a youth Nicholas went to Paris, where, we -are told, he became so enamoured of French manners, customs, and -fashions, that on his return to England he could speak and boast of -nothing else. Handsome, well-born, and accomplished, he soon attracted -the notice of Henry the Eighth, who welcomed him at Court, and appointed -him a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, a place which was then of much -higher standing than in later days. But Carew did not make himself -popular in the royal household. The constant comparisons which he daily -drew between the French and English Courts, to the great disparagement -of the latter, offended his colleagues in the highest degree, and were -not calculated to gratify the King. Henry resolved to give the young man -a lesson. If he were so devoted to France, to France he should go, and -that without delay. At the same time, unwilling to dismiss him without -some ostensible reason, he appointed Sir Nicholas governor of a fortress -in Picardy, which was in the hands of the English. A castle in a -provincial town did not offer the charms which Carew had found in the -splendid capital of France, and it may easily be believed the office did -not suit his taste. He doubtless petitioned the King; at all events, he -was recalled, forgiven, and taken back into favour. He now became -Henry’s almost inseparable companion, and was foremost in all the -jousts, tournaments, maskings, and all kinds of Court revelry, in which -they both excelled and delighted. Carew was, moreover, appointed Master -of the Horse, at that period one of the highest offices in the realm, -and Knight of the Garter. - -The favour of Henry the Eighth was as easily lost as won, and Fuller -tells us that a tradition in the family reported that Carew’s downfall -proceeded, in the first instance, from a quarrel between him and his -master at bowls, ‘when his Grace, who was no good fellow, and would -always rather give than take in repartee,’ so exasperated his Master of -the Horse, ‘that his answer was rather true than discreet, consulting -his own animosity rather than his allegiance, whereat the King was so -offended that Sir Nicholas fell from the top of his favour to the bottom -of his displeasure, and was bruised to death.’ ‘This’—we quote Fuller -all the time—‘was the true cause of his execution. He was charged with -high treason, as accomplice with the Marquis of Exeter, Lord Montague, -Sir Edward Neville, and others, in a plot to depose King Henry the -Eighth, and place Cardinal Pole on the throne. They were all found -guilty, and sentenced to death, with the exception of the Cardinal’s -brother, who saved his own life by betraying his confederates. The -evidence against Sir Nicholas appears to have been slight, but he was -out of favour, and everything was turned to his prejudice. He was -beheaded on Tower Hill in 1539.’ Holinshed said ‘he made a godly -confession of his fault, and his superstitious faith.’ He was a Roman -Catholic. Sir Nicholas Carew married Elizabeth, daughter and afterwards -sole heir of Sir Thomas Bryan, Master of Common Pleas, by whom he had -one son and three or four daughters. - -The son, Sir Francis Carew, never married, but having regained a -considerable portion of the estates forfeited on his father’s attainder, -during the reign of Elizabeth, he bequeathed his property to his -sister’s son, Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, on condition that he assumed -the name and arms of Carew. - - - ------- - - - No. 27. AN OLD MAN’S HEAD. - - BY VANDYCK. - - - ------- - - - No. 28. MAN’S HEAD. - - BY TINTORETTO. - - - ------- - - - No. 30. THE COUNTESS OF OXFORD. - - _Blue and white dress. Holding a nosegay. A table beside her._ - - BY VANDYCK. - - -BEATRIX VAN HEMMEND, a Dutch lady, a native of Friesland, married Robert -de Vere, nineteenth Earl of Oxford. He died in 1632, at the siege of -Maestricht, leaving an only surviving child, in whom the earldom became -extinct. - - - ------- - - - No. 33. PORTRAIT. UNKNOWN. - - BY TITIAN. - - - ------- - - - No. 36. SIR KENELM DIGBY. - - _Black dress. Hand on his breast. A globe by his side._ - - BORN 1603, DIED 1665. - - BY VANDYCK. - - -SON of Sir Everard Digby, born at Gothurst or Gayhurst, County Bucks, -the property of his mother, daughter and sole heir of Sir William -Mulsho. He was but a child when his father suffered death as one of the -conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot. The Crown laid claim to the estates -and revenues of the family; but the widowed Lady Digby, a woman of great -energy and determination, not only saved her own dower by her strenuous -efforts, but rescued a few hundreds for her son out of the wreck, and, -although a rigid Roman Catholic, she suffered her boy to be educated as -a Protestant from prudential motives. The romance of the loves of Kenelm -Digby and Venetia Stanley, which made such a noise at the time, and has -been the subject of curiosity and controversy ever since, whenever their -names are mentioned, began at a very early age. Sir Edward Stanley, of -the noble house of Derby, lived at Tong Castle, County Salop. He married -the daughter and co-heir of the Earl of Northumberland, who brought him -two daughters, ‘the divine Venetia’ being the youngest. Her mother died -when she was a few months old. The widower gave himself up to grief, -shunned the world, and could not even derive comfort from the society of -his children. He sent them therefore (or at all events Venetia) to the -care of a relative, who was a neighbour of Lady Digby’s. Thus began the -acquaintance, and Sir Edward’s beautiful little girl and Lady Digby’s -lovely boy met constantly, and played at love-making, jealousy, rivalry, -coquetry, quarrels, reconciliations,—in fact a perfect rehearsal of all -the drama that was to be enacted in good earnest a few years later. The -marriage of the Princess Elizabeth with the Elector Palatine, afterwards -King of Bohemia, called Sir Edward to London. With a violent wrench he -tore himself away from his seclusion, and sending for Venetia carried -her with him to the Court of King James, then the scene of great -festivity. - -In all these gaieties, according to Digby’s account, the juvenile beauty -took part, and was the centre of admiration. In the meantime her young -lover pursued his studies under the care of Laud, Dean of Gloucester, -subsequently Archbishop of Canterbury, and afterwards with Dr. Thomas -Allen, an eminent scholar, at Oxford. - -Digby distinguished himself at the University, where he remained two -years, but whenever he returned home for the vacation, the flirtation -with his fair neighbour was resumed. He wrote a strange and wild romance -respecting her, in which it is impossible to disentangle truth from -fiction, but some of the adventures are too marvellous for belief, and -the whole narrative is disagreeable, and tedious into the bargain. - -His jealousy seems to have been excited by a certain courtier, whose -suit, he affirms, was favoured by Venetia’s governess. Lady Digby was -too wise a mother to smile on such a precocious courtship, even if she -disbelieved the reports which had already begun to circulate, -detrimental to Mistress Stanley’s reputation. - -She despatched her son on foreign travel, but before his departure the -lovers had met and plighted their troth. According to the traveller’s -own account, he made a conquest of the French Queen when in Paris _en -route_ for Italy. - -A report of his death having been accidentally or purposely circulated, -Venetia’s conduct on the occasion was differently represented to her -absent lover, some declaring she was inconsolable, others that she lent -a willing ear to the suit of the very same courtier who had before -excited Kenelm’s jealousy. - -Nothing can be more bombastic and high-flown than the language in which -he describes the fluctuations of his passion for Venetia, his implicit -trust in her constancy in one page, his doubts and suspicions in -another. - -It seems more than probable that the prudent Lady Digby intercepted her -son’s love-letters, and did all in her power to prevent a marriage she -thought most undesirable, and she was doubtless delighted when Kenelm -accompanied his kinsman, Lord Bristol, to Spain, where he was then -negotiating the Prince of Wales’s marriage with the Infanta at Madrid. -Kenelm became himself attached to the Prince’s suite, and took an active -part in diplomatic transactions. - -In this land of romance it may well be imagined that the handsome and -accomplished Englishman ran the gauntlet of many adventures among the -dark-eyed daughters of the South, nor does he omit to allude to -innumerable conquests; indeed, he went so far as to have a portrait of -himself painted with an effigy of one of his victims in the background, -yet he incessantly boasted of his constancy to the absent loved one. On -his return to England with the Prince of Wales, he was knighted by the -King at Hinchingbrook, and immediately flew to his lady-love in spite of -maternal prohibition. Then followed recriminations, explanations, trials -of her faith and virtue, challenges, duels—a stormy suit, indeed, -according to his own testimony. - -Respecting the date of their marriage there is great difference of -opinion. At all events, Kenelm insisted on its being kept secret, nor -was poor Venetia allowed to announce it, even when a fall from her horse -brought on a premature confinement, which nearly cost her her life. - -King James admired Sir Kenelm for his great erudition, and complimented -him on his essays on Sympathetic Powder, Alchemy, and other subjects -bordering on the supernatural. On the accession of Charles the First, -Sir Kenelm Digby was made Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, Commissioner -of the Navy, and Governor of the Trinity House, shortly after which, he -was appointed to the command of a naval squadron, sent to the -Mediterranean against the Venetian fleet and the Algerine pirates. - -In this voyage he was eminently successful, bringing the Venetians to -terms, chastising the pirates, and releasing a large number of English -slaves. It is said that on the eve of his embarkation, a second son -being born to him, he had permitted his wife to declare their marriage, -and had consigned her to the care of his kinsman, Lord Bristol, during -his absence from England. About this time, his faithful old friend, -Thomas Allen, bequeathed to him a splendid library, which he made over -to the Bodleian. - -In 1633, after his return, his beautiful but far from happy wife died, -and the mystery which had shrouded Venetia’s whole life hung like a dark -cloud over her death, and reports of all kinds were current. - -There is no doubt that Sir Kenelm had been in the habit of making -chemical and alchemical experiments on Venetia for some time past, and -the tradition of the concoction of snails which he had invented as a -preservative of her naturally brilliant complexion is still extant at -Gayhurst, where it is said the somewhat rare breed of large ‘Pomatia’ is -still to be found. - -By Digby’s desire his wife’s head (‘which contained but little brain’) -was opened, and he decided that she had taken an overdose of viper wine. -But spiteful women declared she had fallen a victim to a viper husband’s -jealousy, though Aubrey, who tells sad tales of Venetia before her -marriage, says she was a blameless wife. - -There is more than one portrait of her, with allegorical emblems of -Innocence, Slander, and the like. Her name had often been coupled with -that of the Earl of Dorset, and some said he had settled an annuity on -her, which was paid up to the time of her death. Be this as it may, Sir -Kenelm and Lady Digby always dined once a year with my Lord Dorset, who -received them courteously but formally, only permitting himself to kiss -the beauty’s hand with great respect. - -Venetia was buried in a church near Newgate, in a tomb of black marble, -with long inscriptions, surmounted by a copper-gilt bust, all destroyed -in the great fire. Numerous epitaphs were written in her honour. Ben -Jonson calls her ‘A tender mother, a discreet wife, a solemn mistress, a -good friend, so lovely and charitable in all her petite actions, so -devote in her whole life,’ etc. - -Whatever Sir Kenelm’s real feelings were, his outward grief was extreme. -He retired to Gresham College, lived like a hermit, studied chemistry, -wore a long mourning cloak, and left his beard unshorn. Although it was -generally supposed that his secession from the Protestant faith took -place when he was in Spain, it was not until 1653 that he wrote to his -friend Laud (whose admirable answer is extant) to announce the fact. He -was a firm adherent of Charles I., and greatly esteemed by Henrietta -Maria; but his loyalty got him into trouble with the Parliament, and he -was exiled to France. Returning in a few months he was imprisoned in -1640 for nearly three years, and was supposed only to have regained his -liberty through the intercession of the French Queen, who had loved him -twenty years before. His release, however, was conditional. He was -forbidden to take part in any public affairs, and he therefore gave -himself up to literary and scientific pursuits, and engaged in a -polemical correspondence with his quondam tutor, Laud, whom he is said -to have tempted to change his faith, by the bait of a Cardinal’s Hat. -Sir Kenelm returned to France and frequented the Court of his old flame, -the Queen Dowager, where his noble appearance, almost gigantic size, his -handsome features, agreeable conversation and manners, his learning, and -last, but perhaps not least, his predilection for the occult sciences, -made him an universal favourite. On the death of his eldest son, killed -on the Royalist side at the battle of St. Neot’s, Sir Kenelm returned to -compound for his estates, but was not suffered to remain in England. He -went back to Paris, where Henrietta Maria made him her Chancellor; and -he was then intrusted with a mission to Pope Innocent X., who welcomed -him at first, but after a time the ‘Englishman grew high, and hectored -at His Holiness, and gave him the lie.’ - -Once more in England, after the dissolution of the Long Parliament, -Cromwell took him into his confidence, hoping by his mediation to gain -over the Roman Catholics. - -His conduct in these circumstances has been praised by some and censured -by others, as may well be imagined, according to religious and political -bias. He travelled through France, Lower Germany, and the Palatinate, -always seeking and being sought by men of letters; and 1660 saw him once -more back in his native land. - -Charles II. showed him but little favour. He was nominated F.R.S., and -resided (1663) in a fair house in Covent Garden, where he had a -laboratory. ‘Philosopher, theologian, courtier, soldier; polite, -amiable, handsome, graceful.’ Lord Clarendon’s testimony is, ‘eccentric, -vain, unstable in religion, a duellist.’ These are the counterbalancing -portraits of Sir Kenelm Digby. He desired to be buried near Venetia. His -epitaph was as follows:— - - ‘Under this tomb the matchless Digby lies, - Digby the great, the brilliant, and the wise; - This age’s wonder, for his noble partes, - Skilled in six tongues, and learn’d in all the artes! - Born on the day he died, th’ eleventh of June, - And that day bravely fought at Scanderoon: - It’s rare that one and the same day should be - The day of birth, and death, and victory.’ - -He had four sons and one daughter. - - - ------- - - - No. 40. SIR THOMAS KILLIGREW. - - _Red slashed doublet. Fair hair. A bracelet on his arm. His hand rests - on a dog’s head._ - - BORN 1611, DIED 1683. - - BY VANDYCK. - - -HE was the younger son of Sir Robert Killigrew of Hanworth, County -Middlesex, by Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Wodehouse, who married, -secondly, Sir Thomas Stafford. Thomas, or as he was usually called, Tom -Killigrew, was early initiated into the mysteries of Court life, being -appointed Page of Honour to King Charles the First, to whom he remained -faithful, and followed Charles the Second and his mother in their exile. -About the year 1651 the King sent him in a diplomatic capacity to -Venice, where Killigrew seems to have disported himself to his heart’s -content, and it was evidently here that he imbibed that passion for -music and the drama, which never forsook him, but which converted him -into a dramatist and a theatrical _entrepreneur_, rather, we should say, -confirmed him in these tastes which were already developed in his -boyhood; for we have an anecdote of his school days, how he would go to -the Red Bull Tavern, not far from the theatre, during the performance, -and how, more than once, the waiter came in crying, ‘Who will go and be -a devil on the stage, and he shall see the play for nothing?’ an offer -with which young Tom gladly closed. Thus began his career; for was not -he a merry devil the chief part of his life? - -Venice, as we have seen, suited his humour well, and Thomas was -evidently one of those foreigners who go on the principle of howling -with the wolves, and doing at Rome more than the Romans do. In fact, he -was so carried away by the vivacity of the Venetians, the maskings, -flirtings, and what not, which he encountered in the fair city of the -sea, that Thomas began to out-Herod Herod, and lived his life at such a -rate as to scandalise the Venetian authorities, who directed their -ambassador at Paris to wait on the English King, and urge the recall of -his envoy. Charles complied, but it was not likely that the peccadilloes -of which ‘Tommaso’ had been guilty should appear unpardonable in the -eyes of the merry monarch, and he received the delinquent into especial -favour, and on the Restoration Tom became Groom of the Bedchamber, and -the King’s inseparable companion. Pepys, in his diary of 1660, about the -time of Charles’s return to his dominions, records his meeting with Tom, -when being on my Lord Sandwich’s ship, he met, ‘with other fine company, -Tom Killigrew, a merry droll, but a gentleman, full of wit and humour, a -general favourite, especially with the King. And I walked with him for -some time on the deck, and he told most amusing stories.’ - -Killigrew had not been long in England before he put a darling scheme -into execution, namely, to bring over an Italian troop of actors from -Venice to perform in singing and recitative. He had by this time set up -as a dramatic author, and was instrumental in introducing into England -the fashion of female performers, for, until the Restoration, actresses -had not appeared on the stage, although in Italy, Spain, and elsewhere, -the female characters were always represented by women. It may easily be -believed that this innovation fell in with the royal taste, and there -was great amusement afforded by a representation of the Parson’s -Wedding, a comedy of Master Killigrew’s own writing, entirely performed -by females. In another portion of his diary Pepys relates how he met Tom -at my Lord Brouncker’s one night in company with a certain musician, one -Signor Baptista, and Killigrew told us how they proposed to give an -opera entirely in the Italian language, and he goes on to say that -Baptista was singer, poet, and all in one, and that he sang them one of -the acts, and that from the words alone, without any music prickt, which -seemed to astonish good Master Samuel, who makes some of his accustomed -sapient remarks on the occasion: ‘I did not understand the words, and so -do not know if they are fitted, but I perceive there is a proper accent -in every country’s discourse, but I am not as much smitten by it as if I -were acquainted with the language.’ - -Good Master Pepys had made a discovery in those early times, which we -recommend to the notice of many who pass in these days for proficients -in the vocal line. The newly-born Italian opera now became the rage, -very often, indeed, to the detriment of the English theatrical -companies, so much so that sometimes Killigrew’s own dramatic -productions were played to empty benches. Besides Signor Baptista there -was another eminent musician, Francesco Corbetta, who not only sang in -opera, but gave lessons in singing and the guitar, an instrument -hitherto almost unknown in this country. - - ‘Famossissimo maestro, di ghitarra, - Qual Orfeo in suonar, ognun il narra!’ - -Guitar-playing became a perfect mania among the fine ladies and -gentlemen at Court, ‘the King’s relish for that instrument,’ says De -Grammont, ‘helping to bring it into vogue, and the guitar (whether for -show or use) was now as necessary an appendage to a lady’s toilet-table -as her rouge or patch-box. In fact, there was a universal strumming of -the whole _guitarrery_ at Court.’ Lord Arran, a younger son of the Duke -of Ormonde, and his sister were amongst the greatest proficients; -indeed, Lady Chesterfield was as much admired for her musical talent as -for her undoubted beauty, and it was whispered her lord was very jealous -of the Duke of York’s evident appreciation of both these attractions. -Tom Killigrew’s popularity with the King increased daily, and there was -a report that his Majesty intended to revive the disused office of Court -Jester in the person of his favourite. We believe such an _officer_ had -been attached to his father’s household, but the post could only have -been nominal. An old writer thus describes the duties of a Court Jester, -‘A witty and jocose person kept by princes, to inform them of their -faults, and those of other people.’ We scarcely give Charles the Second -credit for such a motive in his election. Pepys alludes to the -circumstance in these words, ‘Tom Killigrew has a fee out of the -Wardrobe for Cap and Bells as King’s Jester, and may tease and rule -anybody, the greatest person, without offence, in privilege of his -place.’ Of this privilege Tom took advantage, sometimes in a good cause, -for with all their faults and failings, both he and his kindred spirit, -Nell Gwynne, regretted the bad odour into which Charles had fallen -through his neglect of public affairs, and Nell often admonished her -royal lover on the subject. One day the two friends hatched a small -plot. Says Nelly, ‘I have been just listening to the complaints of one -of the Court Lords, of Charles’s neglect of all duty, and how that he -has quite forgotten the existence of such a thing as a Cabinet Council, -upon which I bet his Lordship £100 that the King should attend the very -next. He sneered, but accepted the wager.’ Now we do not know if Nelly -promised her accomplice to go halves, but we do know that that evening, -when the King was in Madam Gwynne’s apartments, the door flew open, and -in burst Tom, disguised as a pilgrim. The King swore at him, and asked -if he had not heard the royal command that he should not be disturbed. -‘Oh yes, sire,’ was the reply, ‘but I was obliged to come and take leave -of your Majesty before my departure.’ - -‘Why, where the —— are you going, and what does this absurd masquerading -mean?’ - -‘I am starting this very moment for hell.’ - -‘Already,’ sneered the King, ‘and on what errand?’ - -‘To beg and pray of the devil to lend me Oliver Cromwell, if for ever so -short a time, to attend to the affairs of the country, as his successor -spends all his time in pleasure.’ - -The Jester was forgiven, and Nelly won her wager. - -Another time Charles taxed his fool with telling everybody that the King -was suffering from torturing pains in the nose, and asked the meaning of -such a senseless report. ‘I crave your Majesty’s pardon,’ says Tom, ‘I -knew you had been led by the nose for so many years, that I felt sure it -must have become tender and painful.’ - -But the Jester occasionally carried the jest too far; there was a play -called ‘The Silent Woman,’ given in London about this time, wherein -appeared the character of Tom Otter, a henpecked husband, a reputation -which the Duke of York enjoyed at Court. One night Charles said, ‘I will -go no more abroad with Tom Otter and his wife.’ Now the courtiers well -knew that when the King made any slighting allusion to his brother, they -were expected to be tickled, so there was a general roar. The Jester -alone looked solemn. ‘I wonder,’ said he, ‘which is best, to play Tom -Otter to your wife or to your mistress?’—a sally which made Charles very -angry, for he felt the reference was made to Lady Castlemaine, of whom -the whole world knew he stood greatly in awe. - -Another evening Tom made a comic onslaught on Lord Rochester, and that -nobleman, actuated perhaps by _jalousie de métier_, was so enraged that -he dealt the Jester a swinging box on the ear, unmindful of the royal -presence, and threw the whole Court circle into confusion. - -Death alone could put an end to poor Tom’s fooling. He died at his post -at Whitehall in 1682-3, and then ‘where were his gibes, his gambols, his -flashes of merriment, that were wont to set the table in a roar? Alas! -poor Yorick.’ - - - ------- - - - No. 43. MISTRESS HERBERT. - - _Elizabethan dress. Ruff. Jewelled hat. Auburn hair._ - Inscription—‘_Richard - Herbert of Blackhall’s wife, being daughter to Newport of Arcole_.’ - - DIED 1627. - - BY ZUCCHERO. - - -HE cannot do better in giving an account of this most remarkable and -exemplary woman than to quote the words of her distinguished son, -Edward, tenth Lord Herbert of Cherbury: ‘My mother, Magdalen, was the -fourth daughter of Sir Richard Newport, by his wife, Margaret, daughter -and heir of Sir Thomas Bromley, one of the Privy Council, and Executor -of King Henry the Eighth. She married Richard Herbert, grandson of Sir -Richard Herbert of Blackhall, County Montgomery, Knight, and surviving -her husband, gave rare testimonies of an incomparable piety to God and -love to her children. She was most assiduous and devout in her daily, -both private and public, prayers, and so careful to provide for her -posterity, that though it were in her power to give her estate, which -was very great, to whom she would, yet she continued long unmarried, and -so provident for them, that after she had bestowed all her daughters -with sufficient portions upon very good neighbouring families she -delivered up her estate and care of her housekeeping to her eldest son -Francis. She had for many years kept hospitality with that plenty and -order as exceeded all, either of her county or town, for besides -abundance of provision and good cheer for guests, which her son Sir -Francis continued, she used ever after dinner to distribute with her own -hands to the poor, who resorted to her in great numbers. Alms in money -she gave also, more or less, as she thought they needed it. After my -mother had lived most virtuously and lovingly with her husband for many -years (who died in 1597), she after his death erected a fair monument -for him in Montgomery Church, brought up her children carefully, and put -them in good courses for making their fortunes, and briefly was that -woman Dr. Donne has described in his funeral sermon.’ - -Speaking of his father Lord Herbert says: ‘He was black-haired, and -bearded, of a manly but somewhat stern look, but withal very handsome; -compact in his limbs, and of a great courage.’ His grandfather was also -distinguished for the same quality, and was noted to be a great enemy to -the outlaws and thieves of his time, who appeared in great numbers in -the mountains of Montgomeryshire. Lord Herbert also commends his -grandfather’s extreme hospitality, which caused it to be an ordinary -saying, if any one saw a fowl rise in the country at that time—‘Fly -where thou wilt, thou wilt light at Blackhall.’ - -Mistress Herbert had seven sons, of whom the eldest was the -aforementioned Lord Herbert of Cherbury, and three daughters. She seems -to have merited her son’s encomiums. Izaak Walton says of her: ‘She was -a person of superior abilities, and was highly esteemed for her great -and harmless wit, cheerful gaiety, and obliging behaviour, which gained -her a friendship with most of any eminent birth or learning in the -University of Oxford, where she resided four years during the time of -her widowhood, in order to superintend the education of her children, -who were all young at the time of their father’s death. When she had -provided for them she took to her second husband, Sir John Danvers, -Knight, brother and heir to Henry, Earl of Danby, who highly valued both -her person and most excellent endowments of mind. It was Magdalen -Newport, Mrs. Herbert, and Dame Danvers, who inspired those favourite -lines of Dr. Donne, Dean of St. Paul’s, so often quoted— - - ‘No spring or summer beauty hath such grace - As I have seen in an autumnal face.’ - -She lies buried at Chelsea. - - - ------- - - - No. 44. THOMAS CROMWELL, EARL OF ESSEX. - - _Black and white dress._ - - BY HOLBEIN. - - -HE was the son of a blacksmith at Putney; his mother, who married again, -sent him to a small school, where he learned little more than reading, -writing, and the rudiments of Latin. When quite young he evinced a -passion for travel, and set out for the Continent with very scanty -means, which were soon exhausted, and he found himself at Antwerp -without money or connections of any kind. But he was energetic and -hard-working, and he soon found employment as a clerk in an English -factory established in the city. Glad as Cromwell was to earn his -livelihood, the drudgery and confinement of the life were irksome to the -eager restless spirit of our young adventurer, and he took advantage of -the first opportunity to escape. He made acquaintance with some -countrymen from Boston in Lincolnshire, bound for Rome, in order to -obtain certain indulgences from the reigning Pope, Julius the Second. -These men soon became aware that Cromwell’s intelligence and capability -were likely to make him a valuable fellow-traveller. They therefore -proposed to convey him to Italy, an offer with which it may be imagined -Cromwell eagerly closed. At Rome he rose into favour at the Vatican by -his talent and ability, added to which substantial qualifications our -young traveller made himself acceptable to the Pope by ministering to -the well-known tastes of Julius for good living. He is said to have -instructed the Papal cook in the art of preparing many a delicacy for -the Pontiff’s table, till then unknown in Rome, especially ‘_some rare -English jellies, which his Holiness pronounced delicious_.’ Italy was at -that period the theatre of constant warfare, and Cromwell became not -only a spectator, but an actor in many of the exciting events, serving -for a time as trooper in the army of the Duke, afterwards Connétable, de -Bourbon. - -This great commander had left the service of France in disgust, and had -espoused the cause of Charles the Fifth, Emperor of Germany. A companion -in arms was John Russell, eventually Earl of Bedford; a man who shone -alike as a soldier and a diplomatist, and had been employed in the -latter capacity by Henry the Eighth, and his prime minister, Cardinal -Wolsey. Being at Bologna a plot was formed to seize his person and send -him prisoner to Paris, the hotel in which he lodged being already -guarded by the soldiers of the Gonfaloniere. Thomas Cromwell was also in -Bologna at that time, and no sooner did he receive intelligence of the -affair than he went to the municipal authorities representing himself as -a Neapolitan acquaintance of the English knight, and offering to -persuade him to give himself up quietly. He thus gained access to -Russell’s presence, and providing him with the disguise of a peasant -contrived in the most skilful manner to effect his escape. Russell urged -his deliverer to accompany him, but Cromwell was not disposed to leave -Italy so soon, and entered the service of a rich merchant at Venice. -Cromwell was said to have been present at the battle of Pavia, where -Francis the First of France was taken prisoner. On his return to -England, the man whose life and liberty he had saved, came forward to -lend him a helping hand. - -Russell, then in much repute at Court, recommended him to the patronage -of Wolsey, then in the zenith of his power. The Cardinal took Cromwell -into his service and confidence, and made him secretary and chief agent -in the great scheme of the dissolution of the religious houses, which -was now carrying on, the funds thus raised being ostensibly apportioned -to defraying the expenses attendant on the erection of the colleges -which Wolsey was now founding— - - ‘Those twin seats of learning, - Ipswich and Oxford.’ - -But there were whisperings abroad that much of the money thus obtained -overflowed into the pockets of ‘master and man,’ a circumstance which -Cromwell emphatically denied in a conversation with Master George -Cavendish, one of the Cardinal’s gentlemen, and his eventual biographer. -The question of Cromwell’s fidelity to his master, when Wolsey fell on -evil days, has been differently treated by different writers; but there -is no doubt that when Wolsey left London in disgrace, Cromwell followed -him to Esher—or Asher, as it is written by Master Cavendish—who tells us -he went into the great chamber, and to his surprise found Master -Cromwell standing in the large window, the tears distilling from his -eyes, with a primer in his hand, praying earnestly,—‘the which was a -strange sight,’ for it did not appear that the said Master Cromwell was -by any means given to devotion. Cavendish inquired into the cause of his -sorrow, asking anxiously if he considered their master’s case to be so -very hopeless, on which Cromwell, with much candour, confessed that it -was his own fate he was bewailing, for it seemed most likely that he was -on the point of losing everything for which he had been travailing all -the days of his life; moreover, that he was in disdain of all men simply -for doing his master’s service, through which he had never increased his -living, on the contrary, had been a heavy loser. Then he confided to -Master Cavendish how, that very afternoon, when the Cardinal had dined, -it was his (Cromwell’s) intention to ride with all speed to London, and -so to Court, ‘where I will either make or mar ere I come back again.’ -Assuredly in the audience which he solicited and obtained did Master -Cromwell make, and not mar, as far as he himself was concerned. He had a -long and explicit conversation with the King, into whose favour he -ingratiated himself by suggesting the very line of conduct on which he -well knew Henry’s heart was bent. Acquainted with the Monarch’s -infatuation for Anne Boleyn, he now suggested, as if from his own notion -of advisability, that the King should throw off all allegiance to the -Pope, declare himself supreme head of the Church throughout his own -kingdom, and thus facilitate the much desired measure of his divorce -from Queen Katherine. Such palatable advice was indeed well calculated -to win Henry’s good graces, and from that moment Cromwell’s rapid rise -began. The King, knowing what a valuable auxiliary he had proved to his -late patron in the matter of the suppression of the religious houses, -resolved to secure Cromwell’s services for the same purpose. He -therefore confirmed him in the office of Steward of the Dissolved -Monasteries, made him a Privy Councillor, a Knight, Secretary of State, -Master of the Royal Jewel-house, Clerk of the Hanaper (a lucrative post -in the Court of Chancery), and what Cromwell’s enemies termed ‘the Lord -knows what.’ In 1535 Visitor-General of the said suppressed monasteries -throughout the realm, in which capacity Sir Thomas incurred much -censure, and was branded by many as cruel, rapacious, and overbearing. -In our judgment of this sentence we must take into consideration the -fever heat at which religious animosity now stood; suffice it to say -that Cromwell satisfied the views of his royal master, and was not Henry -cruel, rapacious, and overbearing? Fabulous sums were extorted from the -exchequers of these establishments, and it was almost universally -believed that the favourite came in for a considerable share of the -booty. It was indeed evident he did not remember the injunction laid -upon him by Sir Thomas More, namely, that he should advise the King what -he _ought_ to do, not only what he was _able_ to do. In 1536 he was made -Privy Seal, and the same year Baron Cromwell of Okeham, County Rutland, -and (the authority of the Pope being by this time abolished in England) -Henry instituted a new office, to which he appointed his favourite. This -was Vicar-General, or in other words, Supreme Head of the Church, as -representative of the King, in which capacity he sat in the House of -Lords, and also at Convocation above the Archbishop of Canterbury. The -office included that of Principal Commissary for the Administration of -Justice in all ecclesiastical affairs; of the godly reformation, and the -redress of all errors, heresies, and abuses of the English Reformed -Church, both in Parliament and Convocation. - -It was indeed strange that the man who, a very short time before, had -professed infidel doctrines (and was so unsettled in his creed that when -Cavendish found him at prayers, the primer in his hand should be our -lady’s matins) strange to say that this individual should now come -forward as the principal pillar of the Reformation. Dr. Hook, in his -_Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury_, says, Cromwell ‘was not a real -Protestant, and was generally supposed to be a man who supported the -party from which he could obtain most, a statesman whose religion -depended on politics, and who had no knowledge of theological subjects.’ -Yet from the circumstances in which he was now placed all the English -Protestants rallied round him, and those of Germany treated with him. In -his new capacity Cromwell issued the most stringent and binding -regulations for the conduct of the reformed clergy, was indefatigable in -propagating the Bible throughout the country, causing it to be read in -churches, and placed in convenient parts of the building, where the -parishioners themselves could refer to it on their own account. But -Cromwell’s life forms part of the history of the reign of Henry the -Eighth, and indeed of the Reformation itself. And it is incumbent on us -to condense this narrative lest it exceed the prescribed bounds. - -He continued to receive marks of favour from the King, but his keen eye -detected the gathering clouds in his own future; and he knew if Henry -once failed him there would be little hope of stemming the tide of -unpopularity which threatened to overpower him. He well knew that he was -hated by all classes; the nobility, who grudged all the titles and -honours bestowed on ‘the blacksmith’s son’; the Roman Catholics, who had -good reason to detest him; while the reformed clergy rebelled against -many of the changes and innovations which the Vicar-General had -instituted in the services and conduct of the Church; and the poorer -classes were indignant with him for depriving them of the bounty which -they had so long received from the religious houses. Cromwell had good -cause to be uneasy. He began by propitiating ‘the poor and needy,’ who -now flocked by invitation to the gate of his house in Throckmorton -Street, oftentimes twice a day, where they were regaled with bread and -meat and money. He then set on foot negotiations with the Protestant -Princes of Germany, more especially the reigning Duke of Cleves, in -order to bring about a marriage between that Prince’s sister and Henry -the Eighth, who was at this moment in one of his transitory intervals of -widowhood. Lord Cromwell imagined that a Protestant queen of his own -selection would be an invaluable ally at Court, and help him to retain -the favour of the King, who was persuaded into the belief that the Lady -Anne of Cleves was not only ‘fair and portly,’ but comely in face and -feature, an error in which Henry was confirmed by a very flattering -portrait from the pencil of Holbein. So the Princess was sent for to -come over to England, and a magnificent cortége was despatched, with the -Archbishop of Canterbury himself, to bring her on her way to London; and -Henry conceived the romantic idea of riding down to Rochester in -disguise to waylay his bride. Alas! for the eager glance which his Grace -cast into the travelling coach, where sat a lady tall and portly indeed, -but coarse and ugly in face and feature! Henry, we are told, was -‘alarmed and abashed,’ but he also was furious. He felt he had been -deceived, and he sent for Cromwell and bade him devise some means for -the prevention of the marriage. It was too late; matters had gone too -far, and the ceremony was performed. - -It would appear that at the time the King did not realise the idea that -Cromwell was the principal instigator of the hated union, for it was -after the marriage that he was raised to the Earldom of Essex, and made -Lord Chamberlain, and his son granted a separate peerage. We know from -the pages of history how the King’s horror of ‘the Flanders mare’ -increased day by day, and he never rested till he had obtained a -divorce, soon followed by the downfall of the newly created Earl of -Essex, whose ruin was resolved on. - -The Duke of Norfolk was intrusted with the task of arresting his enemy -at the Council Board on the opening of Parliament in June 1540, and -despatching him to the Tower, nor was he loth to carry out the royal -command. Essex claimed a trial by his Peers, but the privilege was -denied him. He was condemned, says Dr. Hook, by the iniquitous statute, -admitting of attainder without trial, a measure of which he was not the -actual founder, as affirmed by some writers, but the reviver of the -same, and therefore by many pronounced deserving of his fate. - -He was accused of high treason, heresy, embezzlement, and a host of -other misdemeanours, but there is little doubt the worst offence in -Henry’s eyes was his instrumentality in promoting the hateful marriage -with Anne of Cleves. - -The only voice that was raised in his behalf was that of Archbishop -Cranmer, who wrote a most eloquent letter to the King, entreating him to -spare the life of Lord Essex, but it was unavailing. Cromwell’s -demeanour in the Tower was very different from that which had -characterised Sir Thomas More. He addressed the most abject letters to -Henry, and would have accepted life at almost any price. He wrote ‘with -a heavy heart and trembling hand,’ and signed himself, ‘Your highness’s -most humble and wretched prisoner and poor slave, Thomas Cromwell.’ -While underneath the subscription came the words, ‘I cry for mercy, -mercy, mercy!’ - -Henry caused the letters to be read to him four times, and at one moment -showed signs of relenting, but in the end was (as usual) inexorable. -Four days from the passing of the sentence, Lord Essex was led forth to -execution, and beheaded on Tower Hill. He made a speech full of loyalty -and submission to the royal will, words which were thought to have been -dictated by paternal solicitude for the welfare of his only son. He -furthermore confessed his sins, repenting that he had ever abandoned the -Catholic faith to which he now returned, for in that he was resolved to -die; then kneeling in prayer, ‘he submitted his neck to the executioner, -who mangled him in a shocking manner.’ - - - ------- - - - No. 46. LADY KILLIGREW. - - _Standing. White satin gown, dark drapery. Hands crossed. - Brown curls._ - - BY VANDYCK. - - -Mistress Cecilia Crofts, maid of honour to the Queen Henrietta Maria? - - -[Illustration] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - PRINCIPAL STAIRCASE. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - PRINCIPAL STAIRCASE. - - - ------- - - - No. 1. GRACE, COUNTESS OF DYSART. - - _Pale yellow dress. Leaning her elbow on a table._ - - DIED 1744. - - BY WRIGHT. - - -SHE was the daughter of Sir Thomas Wilbraham of Woodhey, County Chester, -by Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir of Edward Mytton, Esq., of -Weston-under-Lizard, County Stafford. She married, 1680, Lionel -Tollemache, Earl of Dysart, and, becoming co-heir with her sister, the -Countess of Bradford, took large estates to her husband’s family. Lady -Dysart had one son, who died _v.p._, and two daughters. - - - ------- - - - No. 2. MARY, WIFE OF RICHARD NEWPORT, SECOND EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Pale yellow dress. Pink drapery. Holding a flower._ - - BORN 1661, DIED 1737. - - BY WRIGHT. - - -SHE was the daughter and co-heir of Sir Thomas Wilbraham of Woodhey, -County Chester, Bart., by Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Edward -Mytton, Esq. of Weston-under-Lizard, which estate (besides a large -fortune from her father) Lady Bradford inherited from her mother, and -brought into the Newport family. - -It is seldom the lot of any woman to live continuously in one loved -home, but Mary Wilbraham was born, married, died, and was buried at -Weston, where her childhood, youth, the chief part of her married life, -and the latter days of her widowhood were all passed, and which she -brought into the Newport family. Francis, Earl of Bradford, and his wife -were most anxious to secure for their eldest son so desirable a match as -this young lady presented, not only on account of her noble inheritance, -but in respect of her amiable qualities and the comeliness of her -person. - -They accordingly made good settlements on Lord Newport to facilitate the -union. We have a list of the lands and messuages allotted to him, but to -prove their worth we consider two of them will suffice, at least in -point of syllables, namely—the Manors of Ginnioneth-ys-Kerdine, and -Dykewyde, in the county of Cardigan. Lady Bradford had six sons, of whom -four died without children, and two, Henry and Thomas, succeeded to the -Earldom, and four daughters, Mary, who died unmarried; Elizabeth, wife -of James Cocks of Worcester, Esq., ancestor to the present Lord Somers; -Anne, married to Sir Orlando Bridgeman of Castle Bromwich, County -Warwick, Bart.; and Diana, married to Algernon Coote, Earl of Mountrath. -Mary, Countess of Bradford, survived her husband many years, and lies -buried by his side at Weston. Her loss was deeply mourned by all -classes, especially by the poor, to whom her charity was unbounded. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. RICHARD NEWPORT, SECOND EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Slashed dress of golden brown. White sleeves. Wig._ - - BORN 1644, DIED 1723. - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - - -HE was the eldest son of the first Earl of Bradford, by Lady Diana -Russell. During his father’s lifetime he represented Shropshire in -Parliament for many years, and gained great popularity in his county by -his strenuous support of the Bill of Exclusion, which obtained for him a -complimentary address signed by every member of the grand jury, -consisting of all the principal landholders of the neighbourhood. He was -Privy Councillor in the reigns of Queen Anne and George the First, and -Lord Lieutenant and _Custos Rotulorum_ for the county of Montgomery. In -1681 he married the daughter and co-heir of Sir Thomas Wilbraham of -Woodhey, and Weston-under-Lizard, Bart., by whom he had a numerous -family. During his father’s lifetime he resided chiefly at -Eyton-upon-Severn, but in later days he took up his abode at Weston, his -wife’s inheritance in Staffordshire. - - - ------- - - - No. 4. SIR ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN. - - _Robes of the Lord-Keeper. Holding the purse. Oval, in a square frame._ - - BORN 1609, DIED 1674. - - BY RILEY. - - -THE son of Dr. John Bridgeman, Bishop of Chester, by Elizabeth, daughter -of Dr. Helyar, Canon of Exeter, and Archdeacon of Barnstaple. Educated -by his father until he went to Queens’ College, Cambridge, where he took -his degree of B.A. in 1623. The following year he entered the Inner -Temple, and applied himself vigorously to the study of common law, ‘of -which he became,’ says Lord Campbell, ‘a profound master, caring little -in comparison for either literature or politics.’ When called to the bar -he made himself remarkable for his diligent attention to business, -although he had the expectation of a goodly inheritance from his father. -At the commencement of the Long Parliament Orlando Bridgeman was -returned for the borough of Wigan in Lancashire. He voted silently, but, -with the exception of some measures on which he had conscientious -scruples, almost invariably for the King. He was also one of the few who -voted against the attainder of Lord Strafford, in whose behalf he made a -short but manly appeal. When the civil war broke out Orlando did not -indeed, as was the case with several lawyers, throw aside the gown for -the sword; but he went into the north, and in the city of Chester, and -elsewhere, did the King good service by affording the royal troops all -the assistance in his power, in cooperation with his father, the Bishop -of the diocese. Clarendon tells us how ‘the city of Chester remained -true to his Majesty, influenced thereto by the credit and example of -Bishop John Bridgeman, and the reputation and dexterity of his son -Orlando, a lawyer of very good estimation.’ For these proofs of loyalty -Bridgeman was expelled the House of Commons, and the Bishop’s estates -sequestrated. But when Charles summoned the members of both Houses that -had been faithful to him, to his own Parliament at Oxford, Orlando -Bridgeman took his seat as member for Wigan, in Christchurch Hall, and -was there nominated by patent (sealed by Lord-Keeper Lyttleton) to the -post of Attorney-General of the Court of Wards and Liveries, ‘an -office,’ says Lord Campbell, ‘when actually exercised, of great -importance and emolument, but now a mere feather in his cap, which -Parliament would not allow him to wear in their sight. At the time of -the Treaty of Uxbridge, Bridgeman was chosen one of the Commissioners, -and was thereto designated by his new title, but the potentates of -Westminster would not acknowledge the appointment as valid, and treated -him as plain Orlando Bridgeman.’ When Oxford capitulated to Fairfax, he -retired to his country house at Morton, where he was joined by the -Bishop, and afterwards he proceeded privately to London. - -During the interregnum he refused to put on his gown or to plead, but -contented himself with acting as a conveyancer or chamber counsel. Yet -we are informed that he took great note of passing events, whether -judicial or political, and though he prudently abstained from any small -plot hatching in the King’s name, which he considered would be -prejudicial to the royal cause, yet to the great measures which affected -the Restoration our lawyer gave his strong adherence, and rejoiced in -the return of Charles the Second to England. He had quick promotion, -being made Serjeant-at-Law, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and -Speaker of the House of Lords in the absence of the Lord Chancellor. His -conduct on the trial of the regicides has naturally been differently -judged, according to the bias of party feeling, but at all events his -eloquence in charging the jury was highly extolled at the time, and when -he had concluded the applause was so great that Judge Bridgeman felt -himself called upon to check the expression thereof, saying, ‘that it -was more suitable for the audience of a stage-play rather than a court -of justice.’ His language indeed was rather fantastic and flowery, but -that was the fashion at the time. He explained that ‘the treason of the -prisoners consisted not only in compassing and imagining the King’s -death, but in executing him in front of his own palace; in fact, not -only laying the cockatrice’s egg, but brooding upon the same, until it -had brought forth a serpent!’ On the expiration of the trials, Bridgeman -was made a Baronet and Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas; and it was -said of him that while presiding in this Court his reputation was at its -zenith, and ‘his moderation and equity were such that he seemed to carry -a chancery in his breast.’ In the intrigues which were being carried on -against Lord Clarendon, Sir Orlando took no part; indeed his conduct was -invariably marked by generosity towards the man whom he was destined to -supplant, and he did all in his power to prevent the Chancellor’s -impeachment. In 1667 he was appointed Lord-Keeper at the instigation of -some of the King’s advisers, male and female, and it was whispered among -his enemies that in that capacity he was at first more complaisant than -his predecessor in affixing the great seal to royal grants, in favour of -such personages as Lady Castlemaine, and others of her calibre. Be this -as it may, the atrocious proceedings of the Cabal roused the Lord-Keeper -into resistance, and the opposition he offered to these unscrupulous men -hastened his downfall. His own family were also most prejudicial to his -prosperity, his wife being an ‘intriguer and intermeddler,’ combining -with his sons in matters with which they had no concern. Bridgeman was -losing favour at Court; he had lately made himself obnoxious to the King -and his surroundings by opposing many of their measures, and when he -refused to confirm the Act of Toleration on the ground of illegality, -Lord Shaftesbury hastened to Charles’s presence bent on mischief, for -that nobleman had long had his eyes greedily directed towards the Great -Seal, and he became very eloquent in counting up all Sir Orlando’s -misdemeanours, ending by his _disinterested_ advice for that minister’s -instant dismissal. Charles took a little time to be persuaded, but after -a while he sent off secretary Coventry to demand the bone of contention -from the Lord-Keeper. Bridgeman was all unprepared for the hasty and -peremptory message, but he had no option, and the Great Seal was -delivered to the royal messenger. Charles kept it in his own custody all -night, and the next morning consigned it with the title of Lord -Chancellor into the willing hands of Anthony Ashley Cooper. After his -dismissal from office Sir Orlando retired to his villa near Teddington, -where he died, and was buried. He was twice married—first to Judith, -daughter and heir of John Kynaston, Esq. of Morton, County Salop, who -died at Oxford, during the usurpation, and was there buried. He had an -only son, Sir John Bridgeman, his successor. Sir Orlando had for his -second wife, Dorothy, daughter of Dr. Saunders, Provost of Oriel -College, Oxford, and relict of George Cradock, Esq. of Carsewell Castle, -County Stafford, by whom he had two sons and one daughter, namely, Sir -Orlando, created a Baronet; Sir Francis, knighted in 1673, who married -Susanna, daughter and heir of Sir Richard Barker, Knight, but had no -children; and Charlotte, married to Sir Thomas Myddleton of Chirk -Castle. - -As must invariably be the case with men in prominent positions, more -especially in times of great civil, religious, and political struggles, -Sir Orlando Bridgeman’s character was by turns eulogised and blamed; in -spite of his loyal services to Charles the First, that King found -occasion to censure his faithful servant at the time of the Treaty of -Uxbridge, on a question of religion, ‘having,’ said his Majesty, -‘expected otherwise from the son of a Bishop.’ Yet Sir Orlando was a -staunch Churchman. Burnet’s testimony was merely to his judicial -capacity. He said: ‘Bridgeman’s practice was so entirely in common law -that he did not seem to understand what equity was.’ Roger North said: -‘He was a celebrated lawyer, and sat with high esteem in the place of -Chief-Justice of Common Pleas: the moving him then to the Chancery did -not contribute to his fame’; while elsewhere we are told ‘he carried a -chancery in his breast.’ ‘He grew timorous, which was not mended by age; -he laboured to please everybody, and that is a temper of ill consequence -in a judge.’ On the other hand, Lord Nottingham writes: ‘It is due to -the memory of so great a man to mention him with reverence and -veneration for his learning and integrity.’ While Lord Ellenborough -extols him as an eminent judge, distinguished by the profundity of his -learning and the extent of his industry. At all events, there is no -doubt that the name of Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Lord-Keeper of the Great -Seal, continues to be honoured, not only in the annals of his own -family, but in the learned profession of the Law. - - - ------- - - - No. 5. JOHN BRIDGEMAN, BISHOP OF CHESTER, FATHER OF THE LORD-KEEPER. - - _Black gown and ruff. Shield episcopal. Arms of Chester, impaling - Bridgeman. Dated 1616. Aged 41._ - - BORN 1575, DIED 1657-8. - - BY JANSEN. - - -EDWARD BRIDGEMAN was the younger son of William Bridgeman of Dean Parva, -in the county of Gloucester. He settled in the city of Exeter, and was, -in 1578, High-Sheriff of the said city and the county of Devon. His son -John was born in Exeter, in a house not far from the palace-gate, which -seemed an omen of his future dignity. He was a studious boy, and loved -his books, and was carefully kept at school until it was deemed -advisable ‘to transplant him to the University,’ when he was entered at -Magdalen College, Cambridge, of which he became a Fellow, and eventually -the Master. In 1600, being M.A., he was admitted _ad eundem_ at Oxford, -and here he attained the degree of Doctor of Divinity, being the -highest, we are told, ‘a scholar can receive, or the University bestow.’ -Dr. Bridgeman’s character for learning and piety, combined with -refinement of manners and good breeding, had reached the ears of King -James the First, who appointed him one of his Domestic Chaplains, and -soon afterwards he became incumbent of Wigan in Lancashire. For upwards -of two hundred years, even to the present day, the living in question -has been held, with scarcely any intermission, by a member of the family -of Bridgeman. In 1619 the Doctor was raised to the See of Chester, being -consecrated at Lambeth, at the same time as the Bishops of Oxford and -Bristol. Now the King taking into consideration that the Bishopric of -Chester was less lucrative than some others, His Majesty also preferred -John Bridgeman to the living of Bangor in Wales, which he was to hold -_ad commendam_, or temporarily. Collins tells us that his Lordship was -not present in the Upper House, in the year 1641, when the bishops -protested against the proceedings in Parliament, and were impeached, and -sent to the Tower, whereby he was saved the tedious imprisonment to -which his right reverend brethren were subjected. But all his -proclivities were Royalist, and during the usurpation, his estates being -sequestrated, he took refuge at his son’s country house at Moreton, near -Oswestry, in Salop, where he died about the year 1657 or 1658, being -buried in the neighbouring church of Kinnerley, and not in the Cathedral -of Chester, as some writers have it. - -This worthy Prelate was said to have been ‘as ingenious as he was brave, -and a great patron of those gifts in others which he himself owned. He, -moreover, was the father of that great and good man, Sir Orlando -Bridgeman, the Lord-Keeper, who was a glory to his family, and indeed to -the country at large.’ The Bishop of Chester married Elizabeth, daughter -of Dr. Helyar (of a good old Somersetshire family), Canon of Exeter, and -Archdeacon of Barnstaple, by whom he had five sons— - -1. Sir Orlando Bridgeman, afterwards First Baronet, and eventually -Lord-Keeper. - -2. Dove, Prebendary of Chester, married Miss Bennet of Cheshire (who -survived him), by whom he had one son, Charles, Archdeacon of Richmond, -in Yorkshire, who died unmarried 1678. The widow of Dove Bridgeman -married, as her second husband, Dr. John Halkett, Bishop of Lichfield. - -3. Henry Bridgeman, who was indeed rich in church preferment, being -successively Rector of Bangor and Barrow, and Bishop of the Isle of Man. -He married Catherine, daughter of Robert Lever, of Lancashire, Gent., by -whom he had one daughter, who married Sir Thomas Greenhalgh of -Brundlesham, County Lancaster. - -4. Sir James Bridgeman, Knight, who married the daughter of one Mr. -Allen, a gentleman of Cheshire, by whom he had (beside a son and -daughter, who died unmarried) Frances, wife of William, Lord Howard of -Escrick, and Magdalen, wife of William Wynder, Esq. - -5. Richard, a merchant in Amsterdam, married the daughter of one Mr. -Watson, also an English merchant in that city, by whom he had a -daughter, Elizabeth, married to John Dove, Surveyor of the Customs; and -a son, William, of Westminster, some time Secretary of the Admiralty, -and one of the Clerks of the Privy Council, who married Diana, daughter -of Mr. Vernatti, an Italian gentleman. Their children were Orlando, and -Catherine, married to a relative, son of Sir John Bridgeman, Bart. - - - ------- - - - No. 6. SIR ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, FOURTH BARONET. - - _Blue coat. Red overcoat. Wig._ - - DIED 1764. - - BY VANDERBANK. - - -HE was the son and successor of Sir John Bridgeman, third Baronet, by -Ursula Matthews. He married Lady Anne Newport, daughter and co-heir of -Richard, second Earl of Bradford, who, beside a large fortune, brought -the beautiful estate of Weston into the Bridgeman family. Sir Orlando -was for some time M.P. for Shrewsbury. - - - ------- - - - No. 7. HENRY NEWPORT, VISCOUNT NEWPORT, AFTERWARDS THIRD EARL OF - BRADFORD. - - _Red coat. Silver brandebourgs._ - - DIED 1734. - - BY DAHL. - - -HE was the eldest son of Richard Newport, second Earl of Bradford, by -Mary Wilbraham. He represented Shropshire in several Parliaments during -his father’s life, and was at different times Lord-Lieutenant and -_Custos Rotulorum_ of the Counties of Stafford, Shropshire, and -Montgomery. Lord Bradford died unmarried at his house in St. James’s -Place, and was buried in Henry the Seventh’s Chapel at Westminster. - -He was succeeded in his titles, and such estates as he could not -alienate, by his brother Thomas, who had become imbecile through a fall -from his horse in early life in Cowhay Wood, Weston Park. He was -incompetent to manage his own affairs, and, dying at Weston, 1762, his -titles became extinct, and his property descended to his nephews, the -sons of Lady Anne Bridgeman; and the Countess of Mountrath. Henry, Lord -Bradford was an immoral and vindictive man, and having quarrelled with -his mother on account of her endeavour to disentangle him from some -disgraceful connection, he vowed vengeance on her and her whole family. -This threat he carried out in a shameful manner, and though the story is -long and complicated, yet it bears so nearly on the fortunes of the -present possessor of Weston, that we cannot refrain from entering into -details. In 1715, Lord Bradford cut off and debarred all the then -existing entails of the family estates over which he had any power, and -in 1730 he made a will by which he left all his large estates in trust, -for the use of John Newport, _alias_ Harrison, _alias_ Smyth, his -illegitimate son by Anne, wife of Ralph Smyth, son of the Dean of -Raphoe, that lady being then Lord Bradford’s mistress; the property to -revert to the testator’s lawful heirs in the event of the aforementioned -John’s death without children. But two days afterwards he repented of -this partial act of compensation, and added a codicil by which he left -the same property to the same trustees, in case of John’s death without -heirs, to his mother, Mrs. Anne Smyth, for her own personal use, to be -devised as she saw fit, provided that during John’s lifetime she should -set aside a proper sum for his use and maintenance, after which she -might make any use she chose of the residue. Four days afterwards -another codicil assured the lady in question a further sum of £10,000. - -Lord Bradford died in 1734, and Mrs. Anne Smyth in 1742, having two -months before her death made a will leaving all the property bequeathed -her by the said Earl to one Alexander Small, a surgeon (excepting as -before what was set aside for the maintenance of John Newport), until -John should have attained his majority, which was not to be until he was -twenty-six years old. In the event of John Newport’s death without -children, then the reversion and inheritance of the said estates she -devised to William Pulteney, afterwards Earl of Bath, his heirs and -assigns for ever. It would be tedious to relate all the legal -proceedings which arose out of this eccentric will; suffice it to say -that it could not be proved till 1751, nine years after the death of the -testatrix. Lord Bath on his part devised the reversion of the property -expectant on the death of John Newport, to his brother, General Harry -Pulteney, who in turn devised it to the daughter of his cousin-german -(Daniel Pulteney), Frances, wife of William Johnstone, and her said -husband (who afterwards became a baronet, and took the name of -Pulteney), and to their heirs in tail male, with remainder to Harry, -Earl of Darlington, whose grandmother was Anne Pulteney, aunt to the -Earl of Bath, and daughter of Sir William Pulteney of Misterton, County -Leicester and his sons in tail male. - -All these aforementioned legatees died in succession without male heirs, -excepting the Earl of Darlington, who left an only son, afterwards Duke -of Cleveland, on whom the whole of this enormous fortune devolved, and -is part of the heritage of the present Duke (1888). Thus the ancient -estates of the Newports, including those which descended to them from -the Princes of South Wales, passed away from the rightful owners, -excepting Weston-under-Lizard, Walsall, and some other estates elsewhere -mentioned, which became the property of Sir Henry Bridgeman, grandson of -Mary, Countess of Bradford. The savings from the estate during the -lifetime of John Newport, which were said to exceed £200,000, were -ultimately divided (after deducting the great law charges) between the -Crown (to which it passed in default of heirs), and, through a -ridiculous quibble of the law, the representatives of Ralph Smyth (John -Newport’s mother’s husband). - - - ------- - - - No. 8. LADY ANNE BRIDGEMAN. - - _White satin dress. Leaning her arm on a table. Fair hair._ - - BORN 1690, DIED 1752. - - BY VANDERBANK. - - -SHE was the third daughter of Richard Newport, second Earl of Bradford, -by Mary Wilbraham. She married Sir Orlando Bridgeman of Castle Bromwich, -Bart., by whom she had (besides a daughter and two sons who died young) -Sir Henry, who succeeded his father, and Diana, married to John -Sawbridge of Ollantigh, in Kent. This lady’s descendants are now the -only representatives of the ancient family of Newport. - - - ------- - - - No. 9. HENRY, FOURTH LORD HERBERT OF RIPSFORD. - - DIED 1691. - - BY WISSING. - - -EDWARD, first Lord Herbert of Ripsford, the ‘noble author’ of whom -Horace Walpole speaks in terms of the highest enthusiasm, and whose -autobiography he published, was succeeded by his son Richard, who -married a daughter of John, Earl of Bridgewater, by whom he had two -surviving sons (who in turn succeeded to the title) and two daughters. -The youngest, Florence, married her kinsman, Richard Herbert of Oakley -Park. Edward, third Lord Herbert of Cherbury, a zealous loyalist, dying -without children by either of his three wives, the titles and estates -devolved on his brother Henry, who married Lady Catherine Newport, -daughter of Francis, first Earl of Bradford. On the fourth Lord’s -decease _s.p._, the title became extinct, but the dignity of Herbert of -Cherbury was revived in favour of his nephew (son of his sister -Florence), Henry Arthur Herbert, afterwards Earl of Powis, in 1743. - -Catherine Newport, Lady Herbert, survived her husband, and resided till -her death at Lymore in Montgomeryshire, the considerable estate -belonging to Herbert which had been appointed her as her jointure. She -was remarkable for her extensive charities. - - - ------- - - - No. 10. SIR JOHN BRIDGEMAN, SECOND BART. - - _Red dress. Holding a jewelled sword._ - - BORN 1630, DIED 1710. - - BY VICTOR. - - -HE was the eldest son of Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Lord-Keeper, and the -only child by that gentleman’s ‘first venter’ (so runs a line in the -learned gentleman’s biography), Judith, daughter and heir of John -Kynaston of Morton, in Shropshire, Esq. He married Mary, daughter and -heir of George Cradock of Carsewell Castle, in Staffordshire, whose -widow married Sir Orlando as his second wife. By this alliance John -Bridgeman’s mother-in-law became his step-mother, a singular -relationship. He had four sons, three of whom died unmarried; the two -who survived him were John, his namesake and successor, and Orlando, -married to Catherine, daughter of William Bridgeman of Comb, County -Suffolk, Esq. The daughters were Mary, married to Robert Lloyd, Esq. of -Aston, in Shropshire; Judith, married to Richard Corbet of Morton -Corbet, County Shropshire; Dorothy, wife of Lisle Hackett of Moxhull, -County Warwick; and three others who died unmarried. Sir John died at -his own house of Castle Bromwich, but was buried at Aston, in -Warwickshire. - - - ------- - - - No. 11. FRANCIS NEWPORT, SECOND LORD NEWPORT, AND FIRST EARL OF - BRADFORD. - - _Blue mantle. Long wig._ - - BORN 1619, DIED 1708. - - BY DAHL. - - -HE was the eldest son of Sir Richard Newport, Kt. of High Ercall, who -was knighted by King James the First, at Theobalds, and, in 1642, in -consequence of his unswerving loyalty to King Charles the First, created -Baron Newport. Sir Richard married Rachel, daughter of Sir John Leveson, -Kt. of Haling, or Halington, County Kent, and sister to Sir Richard -Leveson of Trentham, County Stafford, Knight of the Bath. Francis was -the first born of a large family, and began public life at an early age, -being chosen to represent the borough of Shrewsbury in Parliament, a few -days after he had attained his majority. He was one of the few members -(fifty-six in number) who had the courage to vote for the acquittal of -Lord Strafford, a proceeding which brought down on the heads of the -so-called ‘Straffordians’ both insult and obloquy. He followed in the -footsteps of his father, declared for the Royal cause in the unhappy -differences between Charles and his Parliament, and was soon expelled -the House of Commons as a ‘malignant.’ He took arms in the Royal army, -and did gallant service in the field, till he was made prisoner at -Oswestry, when that town was taken by the Earl of Denbigh and Colonel -Mytton. At the time of the insurrection in North Wales, Francis Newport -proved himself a zealous friend to Charles the Second, and as powerful -as he was zealous. He was also engaged in the unsuccessful siege of -Shrewsbury, which town, in the beginning of the ensuing year, was once -more in the hands of the Royalists. On this occasion, as we have -mentioned elsewhere, Sir Edward Hyde (Lord Clarendon) was sorely puzzled -as to the respective claims to the Governorship of Shrewsbury, between -Sir Thomas Myddleton, and his friend, Francis Newport. Two months after -the restoration of the King (May 29, 1660), Lord Newport was appointed -Lord-Lieutenant and _Custos Rotulorum_ of Shropshire, and later on, by -Charles the Second, Comptroller and Treasurer of the Household, and a -Privy Councillor. In 1674 he was advanced to the title of Viscount -Newport of Bradford, County Salop, and, on the accession of James the -Second, his lordship was continued in all his former offices for a time, -but he was a true patriot, and the arbitrary and unconstitutional -measures of the new King called forth in him a vigorous opposition. So -open was he in the expression of his political opinions that he was not -only superseded in all his offices at Court, but was also removed from -the Lord-Lieutenancy of Shropshire, which was given up to the unworthy -hands of the Lord Chancellor Jefferies. He upheld the cause of religion -at the trial of the seven Bishops, and, being a firm Protestant, he -voted for the succession of the Prince and Princess of Orange. On the -day that William and Mary were proclaimed, Lord Newport was reinstated -in his posts in the Royal Household and his Lord-Lieutenancy of -Shropshire, in all of which offices he continued until he attained the -age of eighty-four, when they devolved on his son. In 1694 he was -created Earl of Bradford, and on the accession of Queen Anne again sworn -of the Privy Council. Lord Newport was an object of special dislike to -James the Second, as we find from one of the ex-King’s declarations -(respecting a projected descent upon England), that this nobleman would -certainly be debarred from all hope of pardon. Lord Bradford died at -Twickenham in his eighty-ninth year, and was buried at Wroxeter, near -his country house of Eyton, in Shropshire, where a marble monument on -the south wall of the chancel bears a long inscription to his memory. It -was written of him that ‘at the time of his death, he was the most -venerable character of any nobleman in England, on account of his -virtues, and the unblemished honour with which he had filled every -station of life. Equally a friend to the clergy and to the poor, having -enlarged the endowments of several poor vicarages, and erected a -charitable foundation at Ercall for the support of the needy.’ King -William had so great a regard for the Earl of Bradford, that he paid him -a visit, and honoured him with his presence at dinner on his eightieth -birthday. He married Lady Diana Russell, daughter of the fourth Earl of -Bedford, by whom he had a large family, five dying in their infancy; and - -Richard, second Earl of Bradford; - -Francis, who died unmarried; - -Thomas, a Commissioner of the Customs in the reigns of William and Mary, -and Queen Anne, who, in the first year of George the First was made a -Lord of the Treasury and raised to the peerage by the title of Baron -Torrington of Torrington, County Devon, and sworn of the Privy Council. -He was also at the time of his death a Teller of the Exchequer. He had -three wives: first, Lucy, daughter of Sir Edward Atkyns, Lord Chief -Justice of the Exchequer in the time of James the Second; second, -Penelope, daughter of Sir Orlando Bridgeman of Ridley, County Chester, -Bart., who died in 1705; third, Anne, daughter of Robert Pierrepoint of -Nottingham, Esq., son of Francis Pierrepoint, and grandson of Robert, -Earl of Kingston. He died the 27th of May 1719, in the sixty-fifth year -of his age (when his title became extinct), and lies buried at Wroxeter -with Anne, his third wife, who survived him many years, and died on the -7th February 1734. - - - ------- - - - No. 12. LADY WILBRAHAM. - - _Pale yellow dress. Grey drapery. Pointing to a tulip._ - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - - -ELIZABETH, daughter and sole heir of Edward Mytton, Esq. of -Weston-under-Lizard, which place he inherited through females from the -ancient possessors. She married Sir Thomas Wilbraham of Woodhey, Bart., -by whom she had three daughters, co-heiresses, who each inherited a -large property, both landed and funded, from both parents. They were, -Charlotte, wife of Sir Thomas Myddleton of Chirk Castle; Mary, Countess -of Bradford; and Grace, Countess of Dysart. - - - ------- - - - No. 13. SIR THOMAS WILBRAHAM, BART. - - _Red coat. Blue mantle._ - - BY VERELST. - - -THE family of Wilbraham, or, as it was formerly written, Wilburgham, -derived its name from a manor in Cambridgeshire, where it was settled in -the reign of Henry the Second. They afterwards removed to Cheshire, -where they became much respected and very influential. The subject of -the present notice was the son of Sir Thomas Wilbraham, of Woodhey, -County Chester, by the daughter of Sir Roger Wilbraham of Bridgemoor, in -the same county. He married the daughter and sole heir of Edward Mytton, -Esq., of Weston-under-Lizard, by whom he had three daughters, -co-heiresses. The direct male line of a very ancient Cheshire family -ended in the person of Sir Thomas Wilbraham. - - - ------- - - - No. 14. SIR JOHN BRIDGEMAN, THIRD BARONET. - - _As a youth. Blue and gold dress._ - - DIED 1747. - - BY VICTOR. - - -HE was the son of Sir John Bridgeman, second baronet (the only son of -the Lord-Keeper by his ‘first venter,’ so runs an old biography), by the -daughter and co-heir of George Cradock of Carsewell, County Stafford. He -was the eldest surviving of many children, and married Ursula, daughter -and sole heir of Roger Matthews of Blodwell, County Salop; by whom he -had a large family, both sons and daughters, of whom only two survived, -namely, Orlando, his successor, and a daughter, married to Hugh -Williams, Esq. - - - ------- - - - _No._ 15. FAMILY GROUP. - -HENRY BRIDGEMAN, _first Lord Bradford_; _yellow dress, hat and -feathers_. LADY BRADFORD, _in green_. _The eldest daughter in a pink -gown, playing the harpsichord._ _Her sister in a white gown, playing the -harp._ ORLANDO _in red_. JOHN _in blue_. GEORGE _sitting on the step -near the pianoforte_. - - BY PINE. - - SIR HENRY BRIDGEMAN, BART., FIRST BARON BRADFORD. - - BORN 1725, DIED 1800. - - -THE eldest surviving son of Sir Orlando Bridgeman, by Lady Anne Newport, -daughter of the second Earl of Bradford. He sat in Parliament for many -years, and in 1794 was advanced to the Peerage, as Baron Bradford of -Bradford, County Salop. He married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John -Simpson, Esq., by whom he had a large family. His wife, three sons, and -two daughters are represented in this group, namely, Orlando, his -successor, John (Bridgeman Simpson), George, Rector of Wigan. The -daughters married Henry Greswolde Lewis of Malvern Hall, Esq., and Sir -George William Gunning, Bart. - - - ------- - - - No. 16. THE HONOURABLE MRS. GUNNING. - - _White lace cap, and fichu._ - - BORN 1764, DIED 1810. - - BY HOPPNER. - - -SHE was the younger daughter of Henry Bridgeman, first Lord Bradford, by -Miss Simpson; married in 1794 George William, only son of Sir Robert -Gunning of Horton, County North Hants, by whom she had several children. - - - ------- - - - No. 17. ELIZABETH, WIFE OF JOHN BRIDGEMAN, BISHOP OF CHESTER. - - _Black dress. Cap._ - - DIED 1636. - - AFTER JANSEN. - - -SHE was the daughter of Dr. Helyar, Canon of Exeter and Archdeacon of -Barnstaple, of an ancient family in Somersetshire. She married John -Bridgeman, Bishop of Chester, famed alike for his piety and his loyalty, -by whom she was the mother of five sons:—1. Sir Orlando, afterwards -Lord-Keeper; 2. Dove, Prebendary of the Cathedral Church of Chester; 3. -Henry, Dean of Chester; 4. Sir James, Knight; 5. Richard, a merchant in -Amsterdam, whose grand-daughter married her kinsman, Orlando Bridgeman, -fourth son of the second Baronet, and grandson of the Lord-Keeper. - -Mrs. Bridgeman was buried in Chester Cathedral. - - - ------- - - - No. 19. ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, ESQUIRE. - - _Black coat. Blue overcoat on left arm. Long black wig._ - - BORN 1671, DIED 1721. - - BY DAHL. - - -HE was the fifth son of Sir John Bridgeman, second Baronet, by Mary, -daughter of George Cradock, Esquire, of Carsewell Castle, County -Stafford. Orlando was M.P. for Wigan, and married his cousin Katherine, -daughter of William Bridgeman, Esquire of Coombes, Secretary to the -Admiralty. - - - ------- - - - No. 20. CHARLOTTE BRIDGEMAN. - - _As a child. In a white frock. With an Italian greyhound._ - - BORN 1761, DIED 1802. - - -DAUGHTER of Henry, first Lord Bradford, afterwards the Honourable Mrs. -Greswolde Lewis. - - - ------- - - - No. 21. VISCOUNTESS TORRINGTON. - - _Brown gown. Black mob cap._ - - BORN 1744, DIED 1792. - - BY GAINSBOROUGH. - - -SHE was the daughter of John Boyle, Earl of Cork and Orrery, by his -second wife, Margaret Hamilton of Caledon, County Tyrone. She married, -in 1765, George, fourth Viscount Torrington, by whom she had four -daughters—Lady John Russell, the Countess of Bradford, the Marchioness -of Bath, and Emily, married to Henry, eldest son of Lord Robert Seymour. - - - ------- - - - No. 22. LIONEL TOLLEMACHE, SECOND EARL OF DYSART. - - _Brown dress. Wig._ - - BORN 1648, DIED 1727. - - BY RILEY. - - -HE was the son of Sir Lionel Tollemache of Helmingham, County Norfolk, -by Lady Elizabeth Murray, elder daughter and heir of William Murray, -Lord Huntingtower, first Earl of Dysart. These honours were conferred on -William Murray, a member of a younger branch of the house of -Tullibardine by Charles the First, with remainder to heirs male and -female. His eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married Sir Lionel Tollemache, -and succeeded her father as Countess of Dysart in her own right, having -obtained from Charles the Second, in 1670, a confirmation of her -honours, with a clause in the charter allowing her to nominate any one -of her children she pleased as her heir. After the death of Sir Lionel -Tollemache, his widow married the Duke of Lauderdale, and dying in 1697 -was succeeded by her eldest son, Sir Lionel Tollemache, as Lord -Huntingtower and Earl of Dysart. He was M.P. for Orford in 1678 and -1685, and represented the County of Suffolk until he was incapacitated -from sitting in the House by the passing of the Act of Union with -Scotland. He had declined an English barony upon the accession of Queen -Anne. He married, in 1680, Grace, daughter and co-heir of Sir Thomas -Wilbraham, by whom he had a son and two daughters. The eldest son, who -married Miss Cavendish, died _v.p._, and their son succeeded his -grandfather as Earl of Dysart. - - - ------- - - - No. 23. PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG LADY. UNKNOWN. - - BY MRS. BEALE. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - CIRCULAR STAIRCASE. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - CIRCULAR STAIRCASE. - - - ------- - - - No. 1. HENRY RICH, EARL OF HOLLAND. - - _Cuirass. White sleeves embroidered in gold. Lace collar. Belt over - right, - Ribbon over left shoulder._ - - EXECUTED 1649. - - BY H. STONE. - - -THE second son of Robert Rich, first Earl of Warwick, by Lady Penelope -Devereux, daughter of Walter, Earl of Essex. He went to France and -Holland in his youth, and returning to England appeared at Court, where -he attracted the notice and favour of George, Duke of Buckingham, who -was then all-powerful with King James the First. It appears to have been -through Buckingham’s intervention that he married the rich heiress of -Sir John Cope of Kensington, of which place Rich shortly bore the title -of Baron. He also held offices at Court about the King’s person, and -that of Henry Prince of Wales; was made Earl of Holland, Knight of the -Garter, Privy Councillor, and sent Ambassador to negotiate the marriage -of Prince Charles, first in Spain and afterwards in France. On the -latter occasion it was rumoured that his beauty and courtliness made a -deep impression on the heart of his future Queen, Henrietta Maria. -Clarendon says of him that ‘he was of a lovely and winning presence, and -genteel conversation.’ He also accompanied the Duke of Buckingham to -Holland on a diplomatic mission. On the first breaking out of an -insurrection of the Scots, he was made General of the Horse, and though -not in arms at the commencement of the Civil War, when evil days fell on -the King, Lord Holland joined him with many other loyal noblemen, and on -his being appointed General of the Royal army, numbers flocked to ask -commissions from him. In 1648, after many fluctuations of fortune, he -was pursued and taken prisoner near St. Neot’s in Huntingdonshire, -whence he was conveyed to Warwick House, and finally to the Tower, and a -High Court of Justice was appointed to sit for the trial of the Earl of -Holland, the Duke of Hamilton, and other Peers. He was in ill-health at -the time, and when examined answered little, ‘as a man who would rather -receive his life from their favour than from the strength of his -defence.’ He was condemned, however, in spite of the influence of his -brother, the Earl of Warwick, and the exertions of the Presbyterian -party. There was not a large majority against him, but Cromwell, it -would appear, disliked him extremely, and accordingly on the 9th of -March 1649, Lord Holland suffered death immediately after the Duke of -Hamilton. - -Spent by long sickness, he addressed but few words to the people, -recommending them with his last breath to uphold the King’s government -and the established religion. - -He left four sons and five daughters. Robert, the eldest, succeeded to -his father’s honours, and likewise to the Earldom of Warwick on the -death of his uncle in 1672. - - - ------- - - - No. 2. FRANCIS NEWPORT, FIRST EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Blue dress. Long wig._ - - DIED 1708, AGED 88. - - AFTER DAHL. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. HENRI DE LA TOUR D’AUVERGNE, MARSHAL TURENNE. - - _Brown dress. Armour._ - - BORN 1611, KILLED IN ACTION 1675. - - -THE second son of the Duke de Bouillon, by Elizabeth of Nassau, daughter -of William the Silent and Charlotte de Montpensier. His father being one -of the chief Calvinist leaders, brought up his two sons, the Prince de -Sedan and the Vicomte de Turenne, in the most rigid tenets of that -party. From early childhood young Turenne had set his heart on becoming -a soldier, and many interesting anecdotes are recorded of his boyish -enthusiasm. His military exploits, his daring gallantry and skill as a -commander, have made his name world-renowned, and the battles that he -won, the wonderful vicissitudes of his career, both political and -military, belong to the pages of European history. - -He was killed by a stray shot at the beginning of an engagement with the -Imperialist troops near the village of Salzbach. His death was deeply -deplored by his soldiery, of whom he was the idol, and caused general -consternation in Paris. Madame de Sévigné in one of her letters gives a -most graphic account of the effect produced by the news of his death at -Court, which, for a time, suspended the usual routine of festivity. - - -[Illustration] - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - EAST STAIRCASE. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - EAST STAIRCASE. - - - ------- - - - No. 2. LORD LYNEDOCH. - - _Black coat. Fur collar. White waistcoat. Cutlass under left arm._ - - DIED 1843. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -THOMAS GRAHAM of Balgowan, created Baron Lynedoch in 1814, having -distinguished himself by his services in the Peninsular War, more -especially at the victory of Barossa, in 1811. He married, in 1774, the -Honourable Mary Cathcart, daughter of Charles, ninth Lord Cathcart, who -died in 1792. They had no children, and on the death of Lord Lynedoch, -the title became extinct, and the estate of Balgowan devolved upon his -kinsman, Robert Graham, Esq. - - - ------- - - - No. 5. PORTRAIT OF A LADY. UNKNOWN. - - _Pale grey and green dress. Holding a nosegay. Red curtains._ - - - ------- - - - No. 6. GEORGE A. F. H. BRIDGEMAN, VISCOUNT NEWPORT, AFTERWARDS SECOND - EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Brown coat. Fur collar. White neckcloth._ - - BORN 1789, DIED 1865. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -HE was the son of the first Earl of Bradford of the Bridgeman family, by -the Hon. Lucy Byng. He married as his first wife, in 1818, Georgina, -only daughter of Sir Thomas Moncreiffe, Bart., of Moncreiffe, by whom he -had Orlando George, his successor, the present Earl; the Hon. and Rev. -George Bridgeman, rector of Wigan; the Hon. and Rev. John Bridgeman, -rector of Weston; and four daughters. Lady Bradford died in 1842, and -the Earl married, secondly, Helen, widow of Sir David Moncreiffe, Bart., -and daughter of Æneas Mackay, Esq. of Scotston, Peebles. She died in -1869. - -Without taking an active part in politics, his principles were those of -a staunch Conservative. He was an excellent landlord, and took delight -in enlarging and improving his property. In his family he was beloved; -in his household highly respected. He wrote a book entitled _Letters -from Portugal, Spain, and Sicily_, when he travelled to those countries, -accompanied by Lord John Russell and the Hon. Robert Clive, in 1812. -This volume was privately printed in 1875 by his son, the present Earl, -and showed him to have been a man of culture and refinement of taste, -more especially in points of art and literature. In both branches he -distinguished himself as a collector. The Vicar of Tong, who had known -Lord Bradford intimately for upwards of twenty years, in a speech made -at a public dinner, speaks in the highest terms of his deceased patron, -of his unaffected piety and of his profound sense of justice, and holds -him up as an example to the surviving generation. - - - ------- - - - No. 7. MARQUESS OF DALHOUSIE. - - _Black coat. Ribbon. Order of the Thistle, and Star._ - - BORN 1812, DIED 1860. - - BY CLARK AFTER SIR J. WATSON GORDON. - - -JAMES ANDREW RAMSAY was the third but eldest surviving son of George, -ninth Earl of Dalhousie, by Christian, daughter of Charles Broun, Esq. -of Colstoun, Haddingtonshire. He married, in 1836, Lady Susan Georgiana, -daughter of George, Marquess of Tweeddale, and by her (who died on her -voyage home from India in 1853) had two daughters. Lord Dalhousie was -appointed Governor-General of India in 1847, and retained that office -till 1856. He was created Marquess of Dalhousie of Dalhousie Castle, and -of the Punjab, for his eminent services in 1849. - -On his death in 1860, the Marquessate became extinct, and he was -succeeded in the Earldom by his cousin. - - - ------- - - - No. 8. ORLANDO GEORGE CHARLES BRIDGEMAN, THIRD AND PRESENT EARL OF - BRADFORD. - - _Full-length. Black velvet coat. Blue tie. Boots and spurs. Riding-whip. - Black retriever at his feet. Background landscape._ - - BORN 1819. - - BY SIR FRANCIS GRANT. - - - ------- - - - No. 13. THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. - - _Oval. Dark cloak. White neckcloth._ - - BORN 1769, DIED 1852. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -THE Iron Duke, the hero of the Peninsular War and Waterloo, warrior, -patriot, statesman. His biography belongs to the annals of his country. - - -[Illustration] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - BEDROOMS. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - BEDROOM A. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. - - _Red dress, embroidered. Pearls and cross. Jewels in her hair._ - - AFTER ZUCCHERO. - - - ------- - - - No. 6. MARY YATES. - -_An old woman in a white cap looking out of an oval stone window. She - holds a board on which is inscribed ‘Mary Yates, aged 127 years. - Born at Wheaton Aston, in Staffordshire. She enjoyed her senses till - her death, but she was helpless five years before she died, which - was in August 1776. G.B.I._’ ‘_Colombo pinxit._’ - - - ------- - - - No. 7. ELIZABETH, LADY BRADFORD. - - _In crayons. Seated in a landscape. Red habit. Blue waistcoat. - With a little dog beside her._ - - DIED 1806. - - -SHE was the daughter and heir of the Rev. John Simpson, and married in -1755 Sir Henry Bridgeman, afterwards created in 1794 Baron Bradford. - - - ------- - - - No. 8. HENRY, LORD BRADFORD. - - _Blue coat. White vest. Powder. Black retriever. In crayons._ - - DIED 1800. - - -HE was the only son of Sir Orlando Bridgeman by Lady Ann Newport. In Sir -Henry’s person the title of Bradford was revived, he being, in 1794, -created Baron Bradford. He married Elizabeth Simpson, who survived him, -and had by her four sons. - - - ------- - - - No. 10. LUCY BYNG, DOWAGER COUNTESS OF BRADFORD. - - _Crayons. A head. She wears a bonnet, with her hair in curls._ - - DIED 1844. - - BY SIR WILLIAM ROSS. - - -SHE was the daughter of George Byng, fourth Viscount Torrington, by Lady -Lucy Boyle. She married, in 1788, Orlando Bridgeman, afterwards first -Earl of Bradford, who died in 1825. - - - ------- - - - No. 11. HAMET BEN HAMET. - - _In Oriental costume._ - - BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - - - ------- - - - No. 13. HON. MRS. BRIDGEMAN SIMPSON. - - _High white dress and blue sash. Powder. Large hat._ - - DIED 1791. - - -SHE was the only daughter of Sir Thomas Worsley of Appuldercombe, Isle -of Wight, and married, in 1784, the Hon, John Bridgeman (son of Henry, -the first Baron Bradford), who had assumed the surname of Simpson in -right of his mother, and had three children—a son and daughter who died -young, and Henrietta, heiress of her uncle, Sir Richard Worsley. -Henrietta married Lord Yarborough. - - - ------- - - - No. 14. SIR THOMAS MONCREIFFE, SEVENTH BARONET, AND HIS SISTER. - - _Two children seated. The girl’s arm round her brother’s neck. - Background, - landscape. White dress. Blue sash. Holding flowers._ - - BORN 1822, DIED 1879. - - BY SIR WILLIAM ROSS. - - -HE was the son of Sir David Moncreiffe, sixth Baronet, by Helen, -daughter of Æneas Mackay, Esq. of Scotston, and succeeded to his father -as seventh baronet in 1830. Sir Thomas married, in 1843, Lady Louisa -Hay, daughter of the tenth Earl of Kinnoull, by whom he had a very large -family. - -His sister Helen married, in 1844, Edmund Wright, Esq. of Halston, -Shropshire, and died in 1874. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - BEDROOM B. - - - ------- - - - _No._ 1. THE QUEEN (WHOM GOD PRESERVE!). - - _Half-length. Black dress. White cap._ - - BY J. BLAKE WIRGMAN. - - -PAINTED at Osborne by Her Majesty’s special permission for the Earl of -Bradford. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. CAPTAIN THOMAS MORTIMER, ADJUTANT, SHROPSHIRE MILITIA. - - _Red uniform. Gold epaulettes. Grey hair._ - - BY J. WEAVER, 1819. - - - ------- - - - No. 4. THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. - - _Black coat. White waistcoat. Order of the Golden Fleece. Ribbon of - the Garter. The town in the background. Three-quarters length._ - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - - ------- - - - No. 7. COUNTESS OF KINGSTON. - - _Blue dress. Little dog at her feet._ - - BY MRS. BEALE. - - -SHE was the wife of William Pierrepont, fourth Earl of Kingston, and -daughter of Robert, Lord Brooke. - - - ------- - - - No. 11. LORD JOHN RUSSELL. - - _Black dress. Holding a roll._ - - BORN 1792, DIED 1878. - - BY SIR GEORGE HAYTER. - - -HE was the youngest son of Lord John Russell, afterwards sixth Duke of -Bedford, by the Honourable Georgiana Elizabeth Byng. In an able article -in the _Times_ of 1878 mention is thus made of this eminent -statesman:—‘He took an early interest in politics, and by the time he -left college his political faith had crystalised into something very -like that in which he lived, laboured, and died.’ A visit to the -Peninsula, where the star of Wellington was then in the ascendant, -modified his French ideas (he had commenced by being an ardent advocate -of the Revolution in France) and inspired young Russell with such an -admiration for the hero that ever afterwards in the fiercest political -struggle he maintained towards the Duke the attitude and language of -profound admiration. His subsequent career belongs to the history of his -country. He was a zealous upholder of Catholic Emancipation, and in the -cause of Parliamentary Reform was the leading spirit, the draft for the -first Bill of which was drawn up by his own hand. He sat for numerous -constituencies in the House of Commons for a period of forty-seven -years, during many of which he was the leader of the Opposition. He -filled many of the highest offices of State, and was First Lord of the -Treasury from 1846 to 1852. In 1865 he was again at the head of the -Government from which he retired in 1866, having been raised to the -peerage as Earl Russell and Viscount Amberley in 1861, and created a -K.G. - -His first wife was Adelaide, daughter of Thomas Lister of Armitage Park, -widow of the second Lord Ribblesdale (who died in 1838 leaving two -daughters). - -His second wife was Lady Frances Elliot, daughter of Gilbert, second -Earl of Minto, by whom he had three sons and a daughter. - -Lord Russell was an author as well as a statesman, and published several -works political, historical, dramatic, etc. He died at Pembroke Lodge in -Richmond Park. - - - ------- - - - No. 12. THE HONOURABLE HENRY BRIDGEMAN. - - _Crayons. Black gown._ - - BORN 1795, DIED 1872. - - BY SHARPLES. - - -THE son of the first Earl of Bradford. He married in 1820 his first -cousin Louisa, daughter of the Honourable John Bridgeman Simpson. Was a -clergyman of the Church of England, but afterwards embraced the -Irvingite doctrine. - - - ------- - - - No. 15. THE REV. LEONARD CHAPPELOW. - - _In pastel. An old gentleman seated on a rock with a stick and book. - Wears his hat._ - - BY SHARPLES. - -HE was chaplain to Henry, Lord Bradford. - - - ------- - - - No. 16. ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, ESQ., SON OF SIR HENRY, WHO WAS AFTERWARDS - CREATED LORD BRADFORD. - - _In pastel. Blue coat. Buff waistcoat._ - - - ------- - - - No. 17. ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, FIRST EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Seated. Black coat. White waistcoat. Right hand in his bosom._ - - Painted in 1822. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - BEDROOM C. - - - ------- - - - No. 8. MARIE ANNE CHRISTINE, PRINCESS OF BAVARIA. - - _Low grey dress, cut square, trimmed with lace. Black head-dress - and white feather. Necklace and earrings._ - - BORN 1660, DIED 1690. - - BY DE TROYES. - - -DAUGHTER of Ferdinand, Elector of Bavaria. Born at Munich. Negotiations -being set on foot for the marriage of this Princess with the Dauphin of -France, King Louis the Fourteenth sent De Troyes to paint a portrait of -her, and likewise a confidential envoy to give some description of his -future daughter-in-law. The report was satisfactory; for although not a -real beauty, Maria Christina possessed great perfection of form, and was -lively and agreeable. She was united to Louis, Dauphin of France, in -1680, at Châlons-sur-Marne, where the French court repaired to do honour -to the nuptials. Anxious to find favour in the eyes of her -father-in-law, she perfectly succeeded in the attempt, for the King -found her very accomplished, well-informed, of great conversational -powers, and wonderfully ready at repartee, while her easy, -unconstrained, though refined manners surprised the court of the Louvre. -The only drawback to the bride’s popularity was her love of quiet and -retirement; and after the festivities attending the celebration of the -marriage were concluded, the Dauphine evinced her predilection for a -small and intimate coterie, and the propensity to yield too implicitly -to the influence of one of her Bavarian ladies, which caused some -jealousy. Her time was fully occupied by reading and devotional -exercises. The King strove in vain to wean her from pursuits which -tended to seclusion from the world; but, finding his attempts useless, -he no longer thwarted her inclinations. The Dauphine was very ill at the -time of the birth of her third son, the Duc de Berry, and never -recovered her health. When she felt her end approaching, she sent for -the child, whom she embraced tenderly and blessed, concluding with these -touching words: ‘C’est de bon cœur quoique tu me coutes bien cher.’ She -also took a tender leave of her eldest son, the Duc de Bourgogne (father -of Louis XV.). Louis the Fourteenth sat by the deathbed of his -daughter-in-law, and when advised to withdraw, he said, ‘No; it is -better I should see how my equals die;’ and he spoke some admonitory -words in the same strain to the Dauphin, who was also present, on the -transitory nature of earthly grandeur. The Dauphine’s funeral oration -was preached by Fléchier, and considered a _chef-d’œuvre_. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - BEDROOM D. - - - ------- - - - _Nos_. 1 _and_ 2. - -PORTRAITS OF ORLANDO G. C., VISCOUNT NEWPORT (PRESENT AND THIRD EARL OF -BRADFORD), AND SELINA, HIS WIFE. - - _Crayons. Modern dress. Turquoise necklace. Diamonds in her hair._ - - BOTH BY JAMES SWINTON, ESQ. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - BEDROOM E. - - - ------- - - - No. 3. THE QUEEN (WHOM GOD PRESERVE!). - - _In an evening dress, pale blue and red. Tiara, necklace, and earrings. - Red ribbon. Gold jewelled chain._ - - BY CLARKE AFTER WINTERHALTER. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - MINIATURES. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - MINIATURES. - -[Only those that can be identified are named here, as there are several -on the lids of snuff-boxes and elsewhere of which we cannot trace the -originals.] - -Five Miniatures in one frame which were given to the Earl of Bradford by -Mr. Shirley in 1868. - - - ------- - - - _1_. MISS WORSLEY, HEIRESS OF APPULDERCOMBE. - - _In powder._ - -She was the first wife of the Honourable John Bridgeman Simpson. - - - ------- - - 2. THE HONOURABLE LUCY BYNG. - - _Reading._ - -She was wife of the first Earl of Bradford. - - - ------- - - - 3. THE HONOURABLE LUCY BYNG. - - _With a lace veil on her head._ - - - ------- - - - 4. JOSEPHINE, EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH. - - _In a medallion._ - - - ------- - - - 5. ELIZABETH, LADY BRADFORD. - - _White dress. Pearl necklace. Powder. On a snuff-box._ - -She was the wife of Henry Bridgeman, first Lord Bradford. - - - ------- - - - 6. THE HON. ELIZABETH BRIDGEMAN, - - AFTERWARDS MRS. GUNNING. - -Left by Sir George Gunning to the Countess of Bradford. - - - ------- - - - 7. MRS. SALKEN. - - - ------- - - - 8. ALEXANDER II., CZAR OF RUSSIA. - - BORN 1818, MURDERED 1881. - - _On the lid of a snuff-box._ - -Presented by the Emperor to the third Earl of Bradford, when Master of -the Horse in May 1874. - - - ------- - - - 9. LADY JOHN RUSSELL, SECOND DAUGHTER OF VISCOUNT TORRINGTON. - - - ------- - - - 10. THE SAME. - - _Her hair powdered._ - - - ------- - - - 11. HON. LUCY BYNG, COUNTESS OF BRADFORD. - -On a brooch which belonged to her sister, Mrs. Seymour, and was given to -the Earl of Bradford by Lady Charles Russell, _née_ Seymour. - - - ------- - - - 12. HON. O. G. C. BRIDGEMAN WHEN TWO YEARS OLD. - - PRESENT AND THIRD EARL OF BRADFORD. - - BY VISCOUNTESS NEWPORT AFTER ANTHONY STEWART. - - - ------- - - - 13. HON. GEORGE BYNG. - - _Small oval._ - - DIED AN INFANT. - -The son of the fourth Viscount Torrington by Lady Lucy Boyle. - - - ------- - - - 14. THE HON. ORLANDO AND MRS. BRIDGEMAN, - - AFTERWARDS FIRST EARL AND COUNTESS OF - BRADFORD. - - _On a snuff-box._ - - - - - 15. - - JOHN BOYLE, FIFTH EARL OF CORK AND ORRERY. - - - ------- - - - 16. MR. CHAPPELOW, AFTERWARDS CHAPLAIN TO THE EARL OF BRADFORD. - - AGED 18. - - _Trencher-cap and college gown._ - - - ------- - - - 17. WILLIAM THE FIRST, EMPEROR OF GERMANY. - - _On a snuff-box._ - -Presented by the Crown Prince to the third Earl of Bradford, when Master -of the Horse in 1879. - - - ------- - - - 18. THE HON. ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, - - AFTERWARDS FIRST EARL OF BRADFORD. - - - ------- - - - 19. A LADY MARKED AS ‘MOTHER OF MARY SCOTT.’ - - Presented to the Earl of Bradford in 1844 by Mrs. Scott. - - - ------- - - - 20. LADY LUCY BRIDGEMAN, - - DAUGHTER OF EDMUND BOYLE, EARL OF CORK AND ORRERY. - - _Black silhouette._ - - - ------- - - - _21_. HON. AND REV. GEORGE BRIDGEMAN, - - SON OF THE FIRST LORD BRADFORD, AND HUSBAND OF - THE PRECEDING. - - - ------- - - - 22. GEORGE BYNG, FOURTH VISCOUNT TORRINGTON. - - _A circular miniature._ - - - ------- - - - 23. LADY LUCY WHITMORE, DAUGHTER OF ORLANDO - - FIRST EARL OF BRADFORD, BY THE HON. LUCY BYNG. - Married W. Whitmore, Esq. of Dudmaston, Co. Salop. - - - ------- - - - 24. GENERAL VANDERNERCK. - - - ------- - - - 25. HON. MRS. BRIDGEMAN AND LADY JOHN RUSSELL. - - _In one case._ - -The Honourable Lucy and the Honourable Georgiana Byng—daughters of Lord -Torrington—the former afterwards Countess of Bradford, to whom the -miniatures were bequeathed by the Duke of Bedford. - - - ------- - - - 26. GEORGINA ELIZABETH, - - WIFE OF THE SECOND - EARL OF BRADFORD (_née_ MONCREIFFE). - - PAINTED BY SIR W. ROSS. - - - ------- - - -27. THE TWO ELDEST CHILDREN OF THE SECOND EARL AND COUNTESS OF BRADFORD. - - BY MISS MAGDALEN ROSS, 1828. - - - ------- - - - 28. GEORGE IV., KING OF ENGLAND. - - BY BONE, AFTER SIR THOS. LAWRENCE. - -Belonged to the Marquis Conyngham, after whose death it was given to the -present Earl of Bradford by Lady Elizabeth Bryan. - - - ------- - - - _29_. THE HON. MRS. PELHAM, - -DAUGHTER OF THE HON. BRIDGEMAN SIMPSON, AND WIFE OF CHARLES, AFTERWARDS - FIRST EARL OF YARBOROUGH. - - - ------- - - - 30. VISCOUNT NEWPORT, AFTERWARDS SECOND EARL OF BRADFORD. - - 1818. BY ENGLEHART. - - - ------- - - - 31. GEORGINA ELIZABETH, VISCOUNTESS NEWPORT, WIFE OF THE ABOVE. - - BY CHARLOTTE JONES. - - - ------- - - - _32_. SELINA LOUISA, VISCOUNTESS NEWPORT, - - WIFE OF THE PRESENT AND THIRD EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Full-length miniature._ - - BY THORBURN. - - - ------- - - - 33. HON. ISABELLA BYNG, AFTERWARDS MARCHIONESS OF BATH. - - _In a white satin case._ - -Given to the Countess of Bradford, on her marriage, by the Marquis of -Bath. - - - ------- - - - 34. NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE. - - _A medallion._ - - - ------- - - - 35. HON. LUCY BYNG, WIFE OF THE FIRST EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Small miniature mounted on a red snuff-box._ - - - ------- - - - 36. THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. - - _A medallion._ - - - ------- - - - 37. GEORGINA ELIZABETH, WIFE OF THE SECOND EARL OF BRADFORD. - - AFTER SIR WILLIAM ROSS. - - - ------- - - - 38. GENERAL THE HON. JAMES RAMSAY. - - BY MISS G. E. MONCREIFFE. - - - ------- - - - 39. MRS. HENRY TIGHE. - - BY MRS. KENYON. - - - ------- - - - 40. HON. LUCY BYNG, - - AFTERWARDS WIFE OF THE FIRST EARL OF BRADFORD. - - - ------- - - - 41. SIR ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, LORD-KEEPER. - - _From a portrait at Chirk Castle._ - - BY MISS CAROLINE BRIDGEMAN SIMPSON. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - LORD BRADFORD’S BEDROOM. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - LORD BRADFORD’S BEDROOM. - - ------- - - -TWO SKETCHES OF LORD ALBERT CONYNGHAM, AFTERWARDS FIRST LORD - LONDESBOROUGH, WITH HIS SECOND WIFE. - - HE WAS BORN 1805, DIED 1860. - SHE DIED 1883. - - TWO SKETCHES IN OILS BY FRANCIS GRANT, AFTERWARDS SIR FRANCIS, _P._R.A. - - _Design for a large Picture._ - - -HE was the second surviving son of Henry, first Marquis Conyngham, by -Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Denison, Esq. of Denbies, County Surrey. -Having succeeded to the large estates and fortunes of his maternal -uncle, Lord Albert Conyngham assumed the surname and arms of Denison, -and was elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Londesborough. He -married, first, in 1833, the Honourable Henrietta Maria Forester, fourth -daughter of the first Baron Forester, who died in 1841. Lord -Londesborough married, secondly, Ursula, daughter of Admiral the -Honourable Charles Bridgeman, who became the wife of Lord Otho -Fitzgerald. - - - ------- - - - THE THREE SONS OF GEORGE, VISCOUNT NEWPORT, PRESENT AND THIRD EARL OF - BRADFORD. - - _With rocking-horse._ - - BY CALDERON, IN HIS VERY EARLY DAYS. - -GEORGE C. O. BRIDGEMAN, present Viscount Newport. Born 1845; married, -1869, Lady Ida Lumley, daughter of the ninth Earl of Scarborough. Was in -the Life Guards from 1864 till 1867. Was elected M.P. for the Northern -Division of Shropshire from 1867 to 1885. - -HONOURABLE FRANCIS BRIDGEMAN; born 1846; married, in 1883, Gertrude, -daughter of George Hanbury, Esq. of Blythewood. Is in the Scots Guards, -and M.P. for Bolton. - -HONOURABLE GERALD BRIDGEMAN; born 1847; Lieutenant in Rifle Brigade. -Died 1870. - - - ------- - - - LADIES SARAH AND CLEMENTINA VILLIERS. - - BY CHALON. - - -THE daughters of the fifth Earl of Jersey, by Lady Sarah Fane, daughter -of the tenth Earl of Westmoreland. Lady Sarah married, in 1842, Prince -Nicholas Esterhazy, and died in 1853. Lady Clementina died in 1858. - - - ------- - - - CHARLOTTE, LADY SUFFIELD. - - _In crayons._ - - DIED 1859. - - BY SLATER. - - -SHE was the only daughter of Alan Hyde, second Lord Gardner. Married, in -1835, Edward Vernon, fourth Baron Suffield, by whom she had no children. - - - ------- - - - LADY MABEL BRIDGEMAN. - - BY E. CLIFFORD. - - -THE eldest daughter of the third and present Earl of Bradford. Married -in 1887 to Colonel Kenyon-Slaney, Grenadier Guards, M.P. for Newport -Division of Shropshire. - - - ------- - - - HON. G. C. O. BRIDGEMAN, THE PRESENT - VISCOUNT NEWPORT (1888). - - BORN 1845. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - LADY BRADFORD’S ANTEROOM AND SITTING-ROOM. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - LADY BRADFORD’S ANTEROOM. - - - ------- - - - LADY ALBERT CONYNGHAM. - - DIED IN 1841. - - BY FRANCIS GRANT. - - -THE Hon. Henrietta Forester, married to Lord Albert Conyngham, -afterwards Lord Londesborough, as his first wife. - - - ------- - - - QUEEN VICTORIA INVESTING THE SULTAN WITH THE ORDER OF THE GARTER ON - BOARD THE ROYAL YACHT. - - BY G. THOMAS. - - -THIS picture was painted by permission of the Queen for Lord Bradford, -who as Lord Chamberlain assisted at the ceremony. Mr. Thomas painted the -same subject in a large picture for the Queen, and he died before he had -finished this replica. - -The Queen wished to confer the Order of the Garter upon the Sultan -without any previous notice, and the Lord Chamberlain was commissioned -to borrow the Insignia from two of the Princes, K.G.s, who were on -board. This he did by procuring the Blue Ribbon and George from Prince -Arthur, and the Star from Prince Louis of Hesse. After the investiture -the Sultan was told, through his interpreter, that the Queen had ordered -more costly Insignia on purpose for His Imperial Majesty, and that as -soon as these were ready they should be exchanged for those employed -to-day. Upon which, without a moment’s hesitation, the Sultan said to -the Lord Chamberlain, through his interpreter, ‘No, no, those which the -Queen has herself placed on me, I will never part from.’ - -We are tempted to insert this anecdote as it has an historical interest, -and one cannot but feel that the Sultan’s speech betokened the chivalry -of a newly dubbed knight. - - - ------- - - - JOHN GEORGE, LORD FORESTER. - - _Black Coat._ - - BY ROTHWELL. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - LADY BRADFORD’S SITTING-ROOM. - - - ------- - - - MARY ISABELLA, DUCHESS OF RUTLAND. - - _Small sketch in colours._ - - DIED 1831. - - BY COSWAY. - - -SHE was the daughter of the fourth Duke of Beaufort, and married, in -1775, Charles, fourth Duke of Rutland. She was remarkable for her -extreme beauty. - - - ------- - - - QUEEN VICTORIA IN ST. GEORGE’S CHAPEL AT THE MARRIAGE OF THE PRINCE OF - WALES. - - BY THOMAS. - - - ------- - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - THE HON. MABEL AND HON. FLORENCE BRIDGEMAN. - - BY A. BLAKELY. - -DAUGHTERS of Viscount Newport, present and third Earl of Bradford. - - - ------- - - - HON. GERALD O. M. BRIDGEMAN. - - BORN 1847, DIED 1870. - - BY LUNDGREN. - - - ------- - - - COUNTESS OF CHESTERFIELD. - - DIED 1885. - - BY MISS CRUICKSHANK, AFTER SIR EDWIN LANDSEER. - - -SHE was the eldest daughter of the first Lord Forester, consequently -sister to the present Countess of Bradford. She married, in 1830, George -Stanhope, sixth Earl of Chesterfield. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - VESTIBULE. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - VESTIBULE. - - - ------- - - - _No_. 1. COUNTESS OF BRADFORD. - - _White satin gown and lace. Yellow rose. Lace tie with jewel. - Lace head-dress._ - - BY CLIFFORD. - - -SELENA LOUISA FORESTER, wife of Orlando G. C. Bridgeman, third Earl of -Bradford. - - - ------- - - - _No._ 2. PORTRAIT. UNKNOWN. - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - - - ------- - - - _No._ 3. DIANA BRIDGEMAN. - - _Blue low dress. Lace stomacher and sleeves. String of pearls. Black - cap. White feather._ - - DIED 1764. - - BY F. COTES. - - -SHE was the second daughter of Sir Orlando Bridgeman by Lady Anne -Newport. She married John Sawbridge, Esq. of Ollantigh, County Kent. - - - ------- - - - No. 4. LADY MYDDLETON. - - _Blue dress. White bodice. Large sleeves._ - - BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - - -SHE was the only daughter of Sir Orlando Bridgeman, Lord Chief-Justice, -and married Sir Thomas Myddleton, second Bart. of Chirk, as his second -wife. Her only daughter Charlotte, married, first, Edward, Earl of -Warwick, and secondly, the Right Hon. Joseph Addison, the celebrated -author. - - - ------- - - - No. 5. PORTRAIT. UNKNOWN. - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - - - ------- - - - No. 6. LADY MARY NEWPORT. - - _Blue dress. Short hair. King Charles’s spaniel._ - - - ------- - - - No. 7. ELIZABETH, WIFE OF HENRY BRIDGEMAN, FIRST BARON BRADFORD. - - BY PINE. - - - ------- - - - No. 10. MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. - - AFTER ZUCCHERO. - - - ------- - - - No. 11. MISTRESS MARY, OR MOLL DAVIES. - - _Golden brown satin gown._ - - BY SIR PETER LELY. - - -IN the reign of Charles the Second, she was a member of the Duke of -York’s troop of comedians, and one of the four female actresses who -boarded at Sir William Davenant’s house. She was on the stage as early -as 1664, in which year she appeared in ‘The Stepmother,’ and afterwards -as Celia in ‘The Rivals,’ an adaptation by Davenant of the ‘Two Noble -Kinsmen.’ Pepys makes frequent mention of her, and was a great admirer -of her talent. He even pits her against Nell Gwynne: ‘Little Mistress -Davies danced a jig at the end of the play in boy’s clothes, far -superior to Nelly’s performance in the same character.’ It is true he -calls her an impertinent slut, but that did not prevent the King from -losing his heart, and my lady Castlemaine from being very jealous, -seeing Charles’s eyes were fixed all the time of the play on Mistress -Moll. But what especially fascinated his Merry Majesty were the wild, -mad, melodious songs she sang, and her wonderful grace and arch -demeanour in dancing. Charles bought and furnished a house for her, and -made her a present of a ring which cost £600, a large sum in those days. -He had a daughter by her, called Mary Tudor, who was born in 1673, and -married a son of Sir Francis Ratcliffe, afterwards Earl of Derwentwater. - - - ------- - - - No. 13. PORTRAIT. UNKNOWN. - - BY SIR ANTONIO MORE. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - - - - PASSAGE—FIRST FLOOR. - - -[Illustration] - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - PASSAGE—FIRST FLOOR. - - SOUTH WALL. - - - ------- - - - No. 2. MALE PORTRAIT. UNKNOWN. - -_Round black velvet hat. Long hair. Black velvet coat. Brown vest cut - square. Chain and medallion. His right hand on baluster, holding a - paper roll._ - - BY PHILIP DE KONING. - - - ------- - - - No. 4. ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, ESQ., AFTERWARDS SECOND BARON AND FIRST EARL - OF BRADFORD, 1815. - - BORN 1762, DIED 1825. - -_As a youth. Light-coloured dress. White under sleeves. Lace collar with - tassels. Long hair. Cloak, same colour as dress, over right - shoulder._ - - - ------- - - - No. 5. GEORGE BYNG, FOURTH VISCOUNT TORRINGTON. - - _As a boy. Buff coat. White collar._ - - DIED 1812. - - BY RAMSAY. - - -THE eldest son of the third Viscount by Miss Daniel. He married in 1765 -the Lady Lucy Boyle, the only daughter of John, Earl of Cork and Orrery, -by whom he had four daughters, the eldest being the Countess of -Bradford. - - - ------- - - - No. 6. SECOND SIR ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, FOURTH BARONET. - - _Claret coat. Powder._ - - BY F. COTES. - - - - - NELL GWYNNE. - - _Oval. Purple and white dress. Green and red bow on left shoulder. - Pearl necklet._ - - DIED 1687. - - BY MRS. BEALE. - - -SHE first attracted notice by her beauty and arch demeanour when selling -oranges in the taverns and theatres. She studied acting under the -elocutionists Hart and Lacy, both very much esteemed in the dramatic -profession at the time. Her talents soon made her distinguished on the -stage, but she seldom attempted tragedy. Her sprightliness and grace -soon attracted the attention of the King, and before this period she was -said to have counted the Duke of Buckingham and Lord Dorset among her -admirers. The enemies of the Duchess of Cleveland were glad of an -opportunity of recommending pretty Mistress Nell as a rival to the -haughty beauty, to whom she stood in strange contrast, both in -appearance and good-humour. In 1663 she was still a member of the King’s -company at Drury Lane, and was supposed to have quitted the stage about -1672. Pepys, in speaking of her in 1665, calls her ‘pretty witty Nell,’ -and in 1666 he mentions that he went with his wife to see ‘The Maiden -Queen’ by Dryden, in which there is a comical part taken by Nell that ‘I -never can hope to see the like done again by man or woman.’ Also in the -character of a mad girl and a young gallant, both admirable. But when -she attempted such a part as the Emperor’s daughter, good Samuel -confesses she does it ‘most basely.’ Burnet designates her as the -‘indiscreetest and wildest creature that ever was in a court.’ Charles -gave her a house in Pall Mall, in which we are told there was one room -on the ground-floor of which the walls and ceiling were entirely -composed of looking-glass. An anecdote is given of her, that, on one -occasion when driving in a superb coach up Ludgate Hill, she met some -bailiffs hurrying a clergyman to prison for debt. Inquiring as to the -sum, she paid it on the spot, and later on procured preferment for him. -Her son, afterwards Duke of St. Albans, was born in 1670 before she left -the stage. - -Dryden was a great admirer of pretty Nell, and wrote a prologue for her, -which she spoke under a hat of such enormous dimensions as almost to -conceal her small figure. The audience were convulsed with laughter, and -Charles was almost suffocated. - -Nell called his Majesty _her_ Charles the Third, as she had had two -protectors before who were his namesakes. Although thoughtless and -reckless, she was a good friend to Charles in some respects, urging him -constantly to pay more attention to public affairs, and interceding with -him for objects of charity; she took a great interest in the foundation -of Chelsea Hospital, and persuaded the King to hasten its completion. -‘How am I to please my people?’ he asked of her one day. ‘There is but -one way,’ she replied: ‘dismiss your ladies and attend to your -business:’ neither of which injunctions was obeyed. Nell Gwynne died at -her house in Pall Mall in 1691, having survived the King some years, -who, it will be remembered, in his last moments recommended her to the -care of those who stood beside his bed. Dr. Tenison, afterwards -Archbishop of Canterbury, preached her funeral sermon at the church of -St. Martin’s in the Fields, where she lies buried. There is little doubt -she died a penitent. - - - ------- - - - No. 9. PORTRAIT OF A LADY. UNKNOWN. - - BY G. MORPHY. - - - ------- - - - WEST WALL. - - - ------- - - - No. 14. PORTRAIT OF A LADY. - - _Low brown dress. White sleeves. Pearls in her hair. Little - dog in her lap._ - - BY GREENHILL. - - -THIS lady is supposed to be Ursula, wife of Sir John Bridgeman. - - - ------- - - - No. 18. FRANCIS NEWPORT, AFTERWARDS EARL OF BRADFORD. - - _Brown dress. Long hair. Lace cravat._ - - BY SIR GODFREY KNELLER. - - - ------- - - - No. 19. GEORGE FORESTER, ESQUIRE. - - _Hunting dress. Fox’s brush upon table._ - - BORN 1762, DIED 1811. - - -HE was the son of Brook Forester, Esquire, by Elizabeth, daughter and -heir of George Weld, Esquire of Willey Park, County Salop. George -Forester never married, but left his fortune and estates to his cousin, -Cecil Weld Forester, who was raised to the peerage as Baron Forester. - - - ------- - - - No. 20. PORTRAIT OF A GENTLEMAN. UNKNOWN. - - _Red dress. Lace cravat. Short white wig._ - - - ------- - - - No. 21. JOHN BRIDGEMAN, BISHOP OF CHESTER. - - _Surplice and college cap. Arms of the See of Chester impaling - Bridgeman in a shield above._ - - BORN 1577, DIED 1652. - - BY VAN SOMERS. - - - ------- - - - No. 22. COLONEL KINNEAR. - - _Blue coat. Powder._ - - DIED 1780. - - BY F. COTES. - - HE was Colonel of the 50th Regiment of Foot. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - INDEX OF PORTRAITS. - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - -[Illustration] - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -[Illustration] - - - - - INDEX OF PORTRAITS. - - - ────── - - - _The Page marked in black figures gives the Biographical Notice._ - - ARUNDEL AND SURREY, EARL OF, =124= - - BATH, HON. ISABELLA BYNG, MARCHIONESS OF, 227 - - BAVARIA, PRINCESS OF (MARIA CHRISTINA), =214= - - BEDFORD, FRANCIS RUSSELL, FOURTH EARL OF, =44= - - ... WILLIAM, FIRST DUKE OF, =66= - - BOLEYN, QUEEN ANN, 108 - - BRADFORD, LADY ELIZABETH, =207=, 222, 244 - - ... FRANCIS NEWPORT, FIRST EARL OF, =183=, 197, 253 - - BRADFORD, GEORGE AUGUSTUS F. H. BRIDGEMAN, SECOND EARL OF, =202=, 226 - - ... GEORGINA MONCREIFFE, WIFE OF SECOND EARL OF, 225, 226, 227 - - ... THE TWO ELDEST CHILDREN OF THE SECOND EARL, 226 - - ... HENRY NEWPORT, THIRD EARL OF, =178= - - ... HENRY BRIDGEMAN, FIRST LORD, =208= - - ... ... ... AND FAMILY, 117, 188 - - ... LUCY BYNG, DOWAGER COUNTESS OF, =208=, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227, 228 - - ... MARY, COUNTESS OF, 168 - - ... ORLANDO BRIDGEMAN, FIRST EARL OF, =109=, 213, 224, 249 - - ... ORLANDO GEORGE CHARLES BRIDGEMAN, THIRD EARL OF, =119=, 204, 216, - 223, 226 - - ... THE THREE SONS OF THE THIRD EARL, =232= - - ... RICHARD NEWPORT, SECOND EARL OF, =169= - - ... SELINA LOUISA, COUNTESS OF, =103=, 216, 227, 243 - - BRIDGEMAN, LADY ANNE, =180= - - ... CHARLES, THE HONOURABLE CAPTAIN, R.N., =102= - - ... CHARLOTTE, =190= - - BRIDGEMAN, DIANA, =243= - - ... ELIZABETH, WIFE OF BISHOP JOHN, =189= - - ... ELIZABETH, HONOURABLE, =189=, 222 - - ... FRANCIS, HONOURABLE, 232 - - ... GEORGE, ESQUIRE, =117= - - ... GEORGE, HONOURABLE AND REVEREND, =111=, 225 - - ... GERALD, THE HONOURABLE, =232=, 240 - - ... HENRY, THE HONOURABLE, =212= - - ... JOHN, BISHOP OF CHESTER, =175=, 254 - - ... SIR JOHN, SECOND BARONET, =182= - - ... ... THIRD BARONET, =187= - - ... LUCY, LADY, =224= - - ... MABEL, LADY, =233= - - ... LADIES MABEL AND FLORENCE, =240= - - ... SIR ORLANDO, LORD KEEPER, 18, =170=, 228 - - ... ORLANDO, ESQUIRE, =190= - - ... ... AFTERWARDS FIRST EARL OF BRADFORD, =109=, 213, 224, 249 - - ... ... THE HON. AND WIFE, AFTERWARDS FIRST EARL AND COUNTESS, 223 - - ... ... FOURTH BARONET, =177=, 250 - - ... ... THE HONOURABLE, GRENADIER GUARDS, =101= - - BRIDGEMAN, ORLANDO G. C., THE HON., AS A CHILD, AFTERWARDS THIRD EARL - OF BRADFORD, =119= - - ... THE THREE SONS OF THE THIRD EARL OF BRADFORD, =232= - - ... URSULA, WIFE OF SIR JOHN, THIRD BARONET, (_Qu._), 252 - - BUONAPARTE, NAPOLEON, EMPEROR OF FRANCE, 107, 227 - - BYNG, HONOURABLE LUCY, =208=, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227, 228 - - ... ... GEORGE, 223 - - ... HONOURABLE GEORGIANA, 225 - - CAREW, SIR NICHOLAS, =138= - - CARLISLE, COUNTESS OF, AND NIECE, =123= - - CHARLES THE FIRST, KING, =130= - - CHAPPELOW, REVEREND LEONARD, =213= - - ... ... WHEN A YOUTH, 224 - - CHESTER, JOHN BRIDGEMAN, BISHOP OF CHESTER, =175=, 254 - - ... ELIZABETH, WIFE OF, =189= - - CHESTERFIELD, COUNTESS OF, =240= - - CONYNGHAM, LORD ALBERT, 231 - - ... LADY ALBERT, FIRST WIFE, =237= - - ... ... SECOND WIFE, 231 - - CORK AND ORRERY, JOHN BOYLE, FIFTH, EARL OF, =224= - - DALHOUSIE, MARQUESS OF, =203= - - DAVIES, MISTRESS MARY, =245= - - DERBY, EDWARD STANLEY, FOURTEENTH EARL OF, =110= - - DIGBY, SIR KENELM, =141= - - DORMER, LADY ISABELLA, =95= - - DYSART, LIONEL TOLLEMACHE, SECOND EARL OF, =191= - - ... COUNTESS OF, =167= - - ESSEX, THOMAS CROMWELL, EARL OF, =155= - - FEILDING, LADY DIANA, =96= - - FORESTER, GEORGE, ESQUIRE, =253= - - ... LORD, 238 - - GEORGE THE SECOND, KING OF ENGLAND, =109= - - ... THE FOURTH, 226 - - GERMANY, WILLIAM THE FIRST, EMPEROR OF, 224 - - GORING, COLONEL, AFTERWARDS LORD, =80= - - GROTIUS, HUGO, =19= - - GUNNING, HON. MRS., =189=, 222 - - ... SIR GEORGE, =114= - - GWYNNE, NELL, =250= - - HAMET BEN HAMET, 208 - - HARVEY, DR., =57= - - HERBERT, HENRY, FOURTH LORD OF RIPSFORD, =181= - - ... MISTRESS, =153= - - HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, FIRST EARL OF, =195= - - - JOSEPHINE, EMPRESS OF FRANCE, 222 - - - KILLIGREW, SIR THOMAS, =148= - - ... LADY, =163= - - KINGSTON, COUNTESS OF, =211= - - KINNEAR, COLONEL, =254= - - - LEWIS, HENRY GRESWOLD, =111= - - LIVERPOOL, ROBERT JENKINSON, SECOND EARL OF, =104= - - LOWTHER, SIR WILLIAM, =114= - - LYNEDOCH, LORD, =201= - - - MAURICE, PRINCE, =75= - - MONCREIFFE, SIR THOMAS, AND SISTER, =209= - - ... GEORGINA, WIFE OF THE SECOND EARL OF BRADFORD, 225, 226, 227 - - MORTIMER, CAPTAIN, 210 - - MYDDLETON, SIR THOMAS, =71= - - ... LADY, =244= - - - NEWPORT, ANDREW, THE HONOURABLE, =36= - - ... LADY MARY, =244= - - NEWPORT, RICHARD, SECOND EARL OF BRADFORD, =169= - - ... VISCOUNT, GEORGE A. BRIDGEMAN, AFTERWARDS SECOND EARL OF BRADFORD, - =202=, 226 - - ... VISCOUNTESS, HIS WIFE GEORGINA, 225, 226, 227 - - ... VISCOUNT, ORLANDO GEORGE CHARLES BRIDGEMAN, AFTERWARDS THIRD EARL - OF BRADFORD, =119=, 204, 216, 223, 226 - - ... THE THIRD EARL AND HIS WIFE, 216 - - ... THE THREE SONS OF THE THIRD EARL, =232= - - ... VISCOUNT, SON OF THIRD EARL OF BRADFORD, =232=, 233 - - - OXFORD, COUNTESS OF, =141= - - - PAYNE, CAPTAIN JOHN WILLETT, =118= - - PELHAM, THE HONOURABLE MRS., 226 - - PORTRAITS UNKNOWN, ETC., 97, 104, 130, 133, 134, 138, 140, 141, 192, - 201, 221, 243, 244, 245, 249, 252, 253. - - - QUEEN VICTORIA, 109, 210, 217 - - ... INVESTITURE OF THE SULTAN, 237 - - ... MARRIAGE OF THE PRINCE OF WALES, 239 - - - RAMSAY, GENERAL THE HON. JAMES, 228 - - RICHARD THE THIRD, KING (_Qu._), 104 - - RUPERT, PRINCE, =83= - - RUSSELL, LADY DIANA, =91=, 123 - - ... DIANA, LADY RUSSELL, YOUNGEST DAUGHTER OF THE THIRD EARL OF - BEDFORD, =97= - - ... EDWARD, THE HONOURABLE, =65= - - ... FRANCIS, THE HONOURABLE, =72= - - ... JOHN, THE HONOURABLE, COLONEL, =43= - - ... LORD JOHN, =211= - - ... LADY JOHN, 223, =225= - - ... LADY RACHEL, =3= - - ... LORD ROBERT, =18= - - ... LADY ROBERT, =17= - - ... LORD WILLIAM, =48= - - RUSSIA, ALEXANDER II., CZAR OF, 222 - - RUTLAND, MARY ISABELLA, DUCHESS OF, =239= - - - SALTREN, MRS., 222 - - SCOTS, MARY QUEEN OF, 207, 244 - - SCOTT, MRS., 224 - - SEYMOUR, LORD HUGH, VICE-ADMIRAL, =115= - - SIMPSON, HONOURABLE JOHN BRIDGEMAN, =113= - - ... HONOURABLE MRS., =209=, 221 - - SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (PROTECTOR), =131= - - SOUTHAMPTON, THOMAS WRIOTHESLEY, EARL OF, =78= - - STRAFFORD, EARL OF, AND HIS SECRETARY, =37= - - SUFFIELD, CHARLOTTE, LADY, =233= - - SUNDERLAND, DOROTHY, COUNTESS OF, =125= - - - TIGHE, MRS. HENRY, 228 - - TORRINGTON, GEORGE BYNG, FOURTH VISCOUNT, 225, =249= - - ... VISCOUNTESS, =191= - - TURENNE, MARSHAL, =197= - - TURKEY, SULTAN OF, INVESTITURE OF, 237 - - - UNKNOWN PORTRAITS, ETC., 97, 104, 130, 133, 134, 138, 140, 141, 192, - 201, 221, 224, 243 244, 245, 249, 252, 253. - - - VANDERNERCK, 225 - - VANDYCK, ANTHONY, =134= - - VILLIERS, LADIES SARAH AND CLEMENTINA, 232 - - - WALES, PRINCE OF, MARRIAGE OF, 239 - - WELLINGTON, DUKE OF, =204=, 210, 227 - - WEST, COLONEL, =78= - - WHITMORE, LADY LUCY, =225= - - WILBRAHAM, SIR THOMAS, =186= - - ... LADY, =186= - - WORSLEY, MISS, =209=, 221 - - - YATES, MARY, 207 - - - - - -------------- - - - - - ERRATA. - - -Page 43, line 6, _for_ youngest _read_ third. - - " 57, line 14, after Riley put (?). - - " 71, last line, _for_ Woodney _read_ Woodhey. - - " 103, line 3, _for_ Elizabeth Anne, _read_ Eliza Caroline. - - " 117, line 4, _dele_ (?). - - " 170, line 5, _for_ Riley _read_ Sir Peter Lely. - - " 175, line 6, _for_ Born 1575, Died 1657-8. _read_ Born 1577, Died - 1652. - - " 208, line 4, _for_ only _read_ eldest surviving. - - " 210, line 6, _dele_ the words ‘for the Earl of Bradford.’ - - " 222, line 7 from foot, _for_ Salken _read_ Saltren. - - " 223, line 11, _for_ ‘_née_ Seymour’ _read_ ‘_née_ Davies, niece of - Mr. Seymour,’ - - " 226, line 2, _for_ two _read_ five. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -[Illustration: - - REST PRAY SLEEP -] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -[Illustration] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - ● Transcriber’s Notes: - ○ Inconsistent formatting of portrait descriptions was regularized. - ○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. - ○ Typographical errors were silently corrected. - ○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only - when a predominant form was found in this book. - ○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_); - text that was bold by “equal” signs (=bold=). - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF THE -PORTRAITS AT WESTON, THE SEAT OF THE EARL OF BRADFORD *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this eBook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that: - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without -widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |