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diff --git a/old/64998-0.txt b/old/64998-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 66e6334..0000000 --- a/old/64998-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2388 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Practical Phrenology Simplified, by Theodore -Foster - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Practical Phrenology Simplified - -Author: Theodore Foster - -Release Date: April 05, 2021 [eBook #64998] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Mike Stember and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGY -SIMPLIFIED *** - - - - - PHRENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS - OF THE - CHARACTER - - OF - - __________________________ - - By - - Given - - - - - NOTICE. - -It is recommended to use in the annexed table the numerals, from one -to eight, commencing in the column headed Very Small. It will then -exhibit the _relative_ developements of the organs in the head of the -_individual examined_. - - - +--------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ - | |Predominant. - | | |Very Large. - | | | |Large. - | | | | |Full. - | | | | | |Moderate. - | | | | | | |Rather Small. - | | | | | | | |Small. - | | | | | | | | |Very Small. - +--------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ - |_Domestic Propensities._ | | | | | | | | | - |Amativeness, | | | | | | | | | - |Philoprogenitiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Adhesiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Inhabitiveness, | | | | | | | | | - | -- | | | | | | | | | - |Concentrativeness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Selfish Propensities._ | | | | | | | | | - |Combativeness, | | | | | | | | | - |Destructiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Secretiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Alimentiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Acquisitiveness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Selfish Sentiments._ | | | | | | | | | - |Firmness, | | | | | | | | | - |Self-esteem, | | | | | | | | | - |Love of Approbation, | | | | | | | | | - |Cautiousness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Moral Sentiments._ | | | | | | | | | - |Conscientiousness, | | | | | | | | | - |Veneration, | | | | | | | | | - |Benevolence, | | | | | | | | | - |Hope, | | | | | | | | | - |Marvellousness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Intellectual Sentiments._| | | | | | | | | - |Identity, | | | | | | | | | - |Constructiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Imitation, | | | | | | | | | - |Mirthfulness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Perceptive Faculties._ | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |Individuality, | | | | | | | | | - |Form, | | | | | | | | | - |Size, | | | | | | | | | - |Weight, | | | | | | | | | - |Colour, | | | | | | | | | - |Order, | | | | | | | | | - |Calculation, | | | | | | | | | - |Locality, | | | | | | | | | - |Eventuality, | | | | | | | | | - |Time, | | | | | | | | | - |Tune, | | | | | | | | | - |Language, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - | _Reflective Faculties._ | | | | | | | | | - |Causality, | | | | | | | | | - |Comparison, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Temperaments._ | | | | | | | | | - |Lymphatic, | | | | | | | | | - |Sanguine, | | | | | | | | | - |Bilious, | | | | | | | | | - |Nervous, | | | | | | | | | - +--------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ - - - - - PRACTICAL - PHRENOLOGY - SIMPLIFIED. - - BY - - THEODORE FOSTER. - - - PHILADELPHIA: - ORRIN ROGERS, 67 SOUTH SECOND STREET. - 1838. - - - - -Entered according to Act of Congress, A. D. 1838, by -Theodore Foster, in the Clerk’s Office of the District -Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. - - - E. G. DORSEY, PRINTER, - LIBRARY STREET. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - _Domestic Propensities_, 1 - Amativeness, _ib._ - Philoprogenitiveness, 5 - Adhesiveness, 8 - Inhabitiveness, 11 - Concentrativeness, 13 - - _Selfish Propensities_, 16 - Combativeness, _ib._ - Destructiveness, 19 - Secretiveness, 22 - Acquisitiveness, 26 - Alimentiveness, 30 - - _Selfish Sentiments_, 34 - Firmness, _ib._ - Self-esteem, 37 - Love of Approbation, 43 - Cautiousness, 46 - - _Moral Sentiments_, 49 - Conscientiousness, _ib._ - Veneration, 53 - Benevolence, 56 - Hope, 59 - Marvellousness, 62 - - _Intellectual Sentiments_, 65 - Ideality, _ib._ - Constructiveness, 68 - Imitation, 69 - Mirthfulness, 72 - - _Observing Faculties_, 75 - Individuality, _ib._ - Form, 78 - Size, 80 - Weight, 81 - Colour, 83 - Order, 85 - Calculation, 87 - Locality, 90 - Eventuality, 92 - Time, 95 - Tune, 96 - Language, 98 - - _Reflective Faculties_, 101 - Causality, _ib._ - Comparison, 103 - - _Temperaments_, 107 - - - - - PREFACE. - - -The present volume is designed to exhibit the subject of Practical -Phrenology in as clear and as perspicuous a light as its nature will -admit. To this purpose the author has aimed to divest it of all -extraneous matter, and at the same time to avoid all unnecessary -conciseness. The learner will here find a comprehensive view of the -functions of each organ, with their different effects on the character -when in various stages of developement, and also when compounded with -each other. - -The author presents few claims to originality. In a few instances he -has even adopted the language of others where it presented itself in a -felicitous manner--his aim being to make a good book rather than to add -to his own reputation. - -It is but proper here to state that the work has passed through the -press without the benefit of the author’s personal inspection--an -affection of the eyes rendering this service impossible. But for this -it might have received many _retouches_, which, if they did not add -materially to its _value_, might have improved its appearance. - - - - - DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES. - - -1. AMATIVENESS. - -This organ produces the sexual passion, and imparts to its possessor a -desire for the happiness of the opposite sex. In society it does much -to promote general kindliness of feeling, and urbanity of manners. - -Predominant.--One in whom this organ predominates, will incline to -be libidinous, licentious and lustful. If his moral organs are very -large, particularly Firmness and Conscientiousness, he may restrain -the outward expression of this feeling; but it will, nevertheless, be -powerful, and at times overwhelming. If long deprived of the society of -the other sex, he will feel lonesome and disconsolate. - -Large.--With large Amativeness and Adhesiveness, an individual will -be exceedingly attached to the society of the other sex; and will -be capable of readily ingratiating himself into their favour. If -with these organs large, and small Firmness and Conscientiousness, -although his love will be intense and fervid, yet he will be apt to be -capricious and fickle in his attachments. He will be inclined rather -to seek the favour of the sex generally, than to limit his regard to a -single object. If Adhesiveness, Inhabitiveness and Philoprogenitiveness -are large, he will be induced to marry early, but if Adhesiveness, -Philoprogenitiveness, and Conscientiousness are small, he will be -inclined to gratify this feeling without reference to the laws of -morality. With Self-esteem, Firmness, and Secretiveness large, although -he may love intensely, yet he will not allow his passion to predominate -over him; if disappointed, he will not be subdued, but manifest to the -spectator the appearance of unconcern. With such a combination, he -will, in all cases, feel much more intensely than his expressions will -imply. If Mirthfulness is large, and Conscientiousness and Ideality -small, he will be liable to joke, and be fond of licentious allusions. - -Moderate.--With a moderate developement of this organ, an individual -will take great pleasure in the society of ladies, whose taste and -feelings coincide with his own. If his Moral Sentiments and Intellect -are large, he will be averse to the society of the merely volatile and -frivolous. If Ideality and Love of Approbation are large, he will be -attracted by the company of the gay and fashionable. If Ideality and -Intellect generally, are large, he will be disgusted with vulgarity and -libidinous allusions. His passion will be deep, but not lasting, and -with a moderate amount of controlling organs he can restrain it at will. - -Small.--When this organ is small, an individual will be distant and -reserved towards females. If Adhesiveness is large, he may be attached -to the society of a select few; but the connexion will be of a strictly -Platonic character. He will be unable to feel the peculiar pleasures -of female society. If Adhesiveness and Philoprogenitiveness are large, -he may be disposed to a matrimonial alliance; but if these organs -are small, he will be decidedly averse to such a connexion. If one -with Moral Sentiments moderate, and Destructiveness and Self-esteem -large, under the influence of the aforementioned combination, were -to marry, the connexion would be necessarily an unfortunate one; his -attachment could not outlive the vicissitudes attending the marriage -state, and would inevitably degenerate into disdain and aversion. He -would, notwithstanding, be a fond parent, though his affection would -be capricious and ill regulated. With Adhesiveness, Conscientiousness, -Veneration, and Benevolence large, an individual’s regard for the wife -of his choice, if fortunate in his selection, will increase with time; -the strength of his superior sentiments more than supplying the want of -animal passion. - - -2. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS. - -The legitimate office of this organ is to produce love for one’s own -offspring. It produces, however, in the breast of its possessor an -affection for children indiscriminately; for the feeble and helpless; -for pets--as dogs, horses, cats, &c., and even for inanimate objects. -It has an influence in producing general kindliness of disposition. A -peculiarity of its character consists in its inspiring its possessor to -love with the fondest affection the child that is the most helpless, -and even the one that has caused the greatest solicitude and brought -down on its parent the deepest disgrace. - -Predominant.--An individual in whom this organ predominates has a -constant hankering for the society of children. If without them -himself, he views the deprivation as a great misfortune, and if his -circumstances are favourable, will be likely to adopt one, for the -purpose of exhausting the energy of this feeling upon it. He will be -likewise much attached to pets, as horses and dogs. - -Large.--Those who possess this organ large, betray it in every look and -motion when in company with children. They take the greatest delight -in their society, and enter into their little troubles and enjoyments -with the greatest zeal. They readily enlist their confidence, and can -easily control them. If deprived of their society, they will exhaust -their attachment upon some pet animal which they will frequently -fondle. When Combativeness, Destructiveness and Philoprogenitiveness -are large, an individual will punish children severely when they annoy -him, notwithstanding his great affection for them. If Self-esteem and -Combativeness are small, he will be liable to humour his children and -allow them improper indulgences. With Combativeness and Destructiveness -large, he will be apt to be capricious in his feelings towards -children, at one time humoring them, and at another petulant and cross. - -Moderate.--With Philoprogenitiveness moderate, a person will be -attached to his own children to a good degree, and may take some -interest in others after they begin to lose their infantile character. -This feeling, however, will not be durable. He will readily tire of -children when they annoy him. The death of a child will be a poignant -affliction to him, but it will be soon forgotten. If Destructiveness -and Self-esteem are large, he will be liable to punish them with -severity for trivial offences. - -Small.--With this organ small, a person will be exceedingly annoyed by -children. If a parent, he will consign the care of them to menials. In -all his intercourse with company, he will betray a marked indifference -to their society. If ever induced to amuse them, his awkwardness will -betray itself to the most casual observer. If Benevolence is large, -he will take all needful care of them; but if Secretiveness and -Destructiveness are large, he will delight to torment and teaze them. - - -3. ADHESIVENESS. - -This organ furnishes the instinct of social attachment. Towards the -object of its regard it excites the purest feelings of affection. It is -not satisfied with loving, it must also be loved, and requires for its -healthy existence a constant exchange of pure and radiant affection. It -diffuses its influence over the whole character of the man, and tends -to render him kind, amiable, and affectionate. It leads to the love -of company, and of social intercourse. While it is the germ of many -virtues, it is to be feared; in the present state of society, it is -likewise productive of many vices. - -Predominant.--With Adhesiveness predominant, an individual is -pre-eminently qualified to enjoy friendship, and will be miserable -without it. He will often feel the yearnings of affection coming over -him with all the intensity of a passion. His most vivid enjoyments are -experienced in the society of his friends. He readily recognises the -existence of a similar feeling in another, and, if circumstances are -favourable, they soon become intimate. - -Large.--One having Adhesiveness large, is eminently social and -affectionate. With large Moral organs, will make great sacrifices -to render his friends service, and will esteem the pleasures of -friendship as one of the chief sources of enjoyment. With Combativeness -and Destructiveness large, and Self-esteem moderate, will resent an -aggression upon a friend which he would not notice upon himself. If -Self-esteem is large, with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, -he will easily get angry with his friends, but will be readily -conciliated. With Benevolence and Love of Approbation large, is -exceedingly liberal and forward among friends; will do his utmost -to please and gratify them; earnestly desire their approbation; and -will be exceedingly sensitive to their reproaches. With Firmness and -Conscientiousness small, will be capricious in his attachments. With -Secretiveness and Self-esteem large, he will not fully express the -feelings which he experiences, and will thus leave the impression that -his affection is less than it really is. - -Moderate.--One having Adhesiveness moderate, may be strongly attached -to friends, but his friendships will be readily severed. He may -be companionable, and with large Benevolence will be generous and -good-hearted, but he will still lack that strong feeling of sympathy -without which friendship is but a name. - -Small.--With Adhesiveness small, an individual will be unsocial, -cold-hearted and selfish. If his moral organs predominate over -self-esteem, he may be companionable, but he will be nearly wanting in -the attributes of character ascribed to this organ. - - -4. INHABITIVENESS. - -This organ produces home-sickness, and causes a feeling of regret to -take possession of the mind when leaving a place in which one has long -resided. It is the first element of patriotism. It produces a desire to -locate and reside in a particular place, and adds much to the strength -of family attachments. - -Predominant.--One in whom Inhabitiveness predominates, is pre-eminently -attached to any place with which he has become familiar. It causes him -much pain to leave it, and he returns to it with eagerness. - -Large.--One having inhabitiveness large, will experience the most -poignant sensations of regret at leaving a place with which he has -become familiar. Even a particular house, garden, office or room, has -for him peculiar gratifications. With large Locality, will take delight -in travelling, but will be constantly harassed by thoughts of home. -This is more especially the case if Concentrativeness is large. If -Self-esteem and Veneration are large, he will be eminently patriotic, -and will defend his country from aspersions with as much vigour as -himself. Veneration being large, he will experience the profoundest -feelings of respect and regard for the memory of the departed worthies -of its history; and with large Individuality, Eventuality, &c., he will -take great delight in reading the history of his own country, and of -conversing upon its character and institutions. If long absent from -home, he is constantly curious, and eagerly seeks every means of being -informed concerning it. The peculiarities of the different places in -which he has resided often occur to him with feelings of the most vivid -pleasure. - -Moderate.--One in whom Inhabitiveness is moderate, will not change -his residence without regret, yet soon becomes reconciled to a new -location. If long absent from his country, Self-esteem being small, he -will become expatriated in feeling, and identify himself wholly with -the country in which he resides. - -Small.--When Inhabitiveness is small, the individual will be -constantly prompted to change his place of residence. Unless this -feeling is counteracted by the strength of other organs, he cannot get -familiarized with a place without becoming dissatisfied and restless. - - -5. CONCENTRATIVENESS. - -This organ imparts the power of continuity of thought. It also aids in -enabling its possessor to continue the action of the organs generally. - -Predominant.--One having Concentrativeness predominant, with Causality -large, will be much subject to absence of mind. He will be quite unable -to attend to more than one thing at a time, and will be generally -prolix in conversation. - -Large.--With large Concentrativeness, an individual will be much -disturbed if more than one thing claim attention at once; has a -strong inclination after taking up a subject to pursue it till he has -completed it. In conversation he will be much distracted if it is -desultory in its character. If a writer, his compositions will exhibit -a sustained unity of expression throughout. - -Moderate.--One with Concentrativeness moderate, is inclined to pursue -a subject or train of thought, but can be easily diverted from it. If -Causality and Intellect generally are moderate, is neither inclined to -pursue a study to its termination, nor is he able to pass rapidly to -another. With nervous temperament he will possess great versatility of -attention. - -Small.--With Concentrativeness small, an individual will be quite -unable to devote his attention for any length of time to a single -study or subject. In ordinary conversation, he will fly from one -subject to another, without order or arrangement. His friends, even if -strongly attached to them, will not be long thought of at a time. His -antipathies will be readily assuaged. He will possess great vivacity of -disposition. - - - - - SELFISH PROPENSITIES. - - -1. COMBATIVENESS. - -This organ gives the desire to oppose, resist and overcome. It renders -its possessor able to encounter difficulties, and to be bold and -strenuous in his opposition. If not properly regulated, it leads to a -desire to contradict and quarrel for the sake of opposition. It gives -vigour and zeal to the pugilist and warrior. - -Predominant.--When this organ predominates, the individual will be -bold, disputatious and quarrelsome. In an encounter he will never be -satisfied till he has obtained the mastery. He will display great nerve -and determination in whatever he undertakes. With Self-esteem large, -and Conscientiousness and Benevolence small, he will be extremely -quarrelsome and overbearing. - -Large.--With Self-esteem large, the individual will be pre-eminently -bold and enterprising. If Firmness is small, he will be wavering in -his views; but if Firmness is large, he will add perseverance to -courage, and never give up a point while a reasonable hope of success -remains. If with this combination, and Moral Sentiments small, he will -be litigious and quarrelsome. If Destructiveness is small, he will be -fond of disputing, but will avoid giving pain. If Destructiveness is -large, and Benevolence small, he will be vindictive and cruel, and -will ever be disposed to vindicate his own importance, regardless -of circumstances or the rights of others. If Love of Approbation, -Benevolence, Veneration and Conscientiousness are large, he will avoid -all low contentions, and will direct the action of this organ to the -maintenance of right and the enforcement of just opinion. - -Moderate.--One with moderate Combativeness, will forbear in a -contention as long as Self-esteem will allow. If his temperament is -active, he may be irritable and passionate, but upon the whole, will -be peaceable. If his religious feelings are strong, notwithstanding -his usual distaste for opposition, he will contend strenuously for the -rights of his church, and cheerfully encounter reproach for its sake. -If Acquisitiveness is large, and Self-esteem small, he will allow -himself to be insulted with impunity, but will resist every attack upon -his property. - -Small.--With Combativeness small, an individual’s character will be -mild and peaceable. He will rather submit to oppression than make -the requisite exertion to defend his rights. Above every thing else -he will desire peace. With Self-esteem small, he will be eminently -deficient in presence of mind in times of danger. He will quail under -opposition, and with Cautiousness large, will be timid and cowardly. -With Destructiveness large, and Benevolence small, he will be harsh and -severe where there is no resentment to be feared. With Acquisitiveness -large, he will be fond of acquiring by slow accumulations, rather than -by bold speculations. With Domestic Feelings large, he will avoid the -turbulent scenes of life, and seek refuge in quiet and retirement. - - -2. DESTRUCTIVENESS. - -This organ produces the propensity to exterminate and destroy. It -incites the murderer to his act of crime. It renders its possessor -harsh, cruel, and indifferent to the feelings of others, and is an -active element in the minds of all warriors, sportsmen and pugilists. - -Predominant.--With Destructiveness predominant, an individual will be -harsh, cruel and severe. His language will abound with pungent sarcasms -and cutting remarks. With large Combativeness, he will prefer arms as -a profession. With Self-esteem and Combativeness both large, he will -be distinguished for his energy and force of character. He will drive -through his purposes regardless of opposition. - -Large.--With Destructiveness large, and Benevolence small, an -individual will be cruel, sanguinary and severe. With Secretiveness and -Conscientiousness small, and Combativeness and Self-esteem large, he -will be exceedingly passionate and vindictive. With such a combination, -he will lose no opportunity of assailing the feelings of his opponents. -If Amativeness and Adhesiveness are large, he will be attached to his -family, yet will treat them often with great severity. If Combativeness -and Destructiveness are small, it will require much to excite him, but -when aroused, he will be vindictive to the last degree. If Benevolence -is large, he will not be sanguinary or cruel; but with Combativeness -moderate, will be mild and amiable in disposition, yet capable of -great severity when circumstances justify it. This combination enables -the surgeon to perform an operation with the requisite energy, and -yet without giving unnecessary pain. With Approbativeness small, -and Self-esteem, Conscientiousness and Benevolence large, he may -be charitable, yet he will often give needless offence in his -administrations of charity. He will destroy every thing that is not -absolutely valuable. - -Moderate.--With Destructiveness moderate, and Benevolence large, one -will be tender-hearted, and with small Combativeness, effeminate. With -moderate Benevolence, and large Self-esteem and Combativeness, he will -possess sufficient severity of character to enable him to succeed -in any lawful occupation. He will be naturally peaceful and opposed -to harsh measures when they can be avoided, yet will not refrain -from using severity when necessary. If Benevolence is large, and -Combativeness and Self-esteem moderate, he will lack energy and force -of mind; will easily sink under difficulties and submit quietly to -aggression and imposition. - -Small.--With Destructiveness small, an individual will be effeminate, -and with moderate Combativeness, be very destitute of energy and -force of character. He will be mild, inoffensive, and peaceable. The -performance of an action that requires the infliction of much pain, -will be to him nearly impossible. With Acquisitiveness moderate or -large, he will have a desire to preserve and lay by every thing that is -not absolutely worthless. It will give him pain to see any thing that -may possibly be of service destroyed. - - -3. SECRETIVENESS. - -This organ gives the desire and the talents for concealment. In its -abuse, it renders its possessor averse to, and almost incapable of, an -open-hearted expression. His remarks are sly, evasive and ambiguous. -His actions, he considers, are beyond the reach of human sagacity. It -is the foundation of all hypocrisy, deception and intrigue. - -Predominant.--One in whom Secretiveness predominates, will be sly, -conniving and hypocritical. It will be difficult for him to relate the -simplest incident without evasion. If he has an end to bring about, he -will seek to do it by some manœuvre, even when an open course would be -more effective. The most trifling actions of his life will be brought -about by stratagem. He looks upon others as being actuated by the same -motives as himself, and is constantly suspicious and watchful. He will -possess great tact, and be readily enabled to discover the motives -of others. In conversation, he is apt to hesitate and recommence his -sentences, and to answer in an ambiguous manner. - -Large.--With Secretiveness, Self-esteem and Conscientiousness large, -an individual will detest hypocrisy and duplicity, yet will be -exceedingly prudent and circumspect in his conversation and conduct. -He will be slow to make acquaintances, and will require a long time -ere he becomes intimate with them. With Love of Approbation large, he -will be deferential and polite, and will possess a superior tact at -making himself agreeable. With Comparison and Individuality large, he -will possess a good knowledge of human nature, will be well qualified -to detect intrigue, and of frustrating any designs upon himself. If -Self-esteem, Firmness and Secretiveness are large, he will endure pain -with the most heroic fortitude and forbearance. If Conscientiousness -be moderate, he will be very suspicious towards others, and will -be perpetually on his guard. If Destructiveness and Self-esteem -are large, he will be easily made angry, but with Cautiousness and -Firmness large, will restrain his feelings even when highly excited. -With Conscientiousness and Cautiousness large, it will be exceedingly -difficult for him to form an opinion. With Adhesiveness moderate, and -Imitation large, he will be liable to be very friendly to one’s face, -and abuse him in his absence. With Self-esteem and Firmness large, -will seldom yield to an opponent, but will very often deceive him by -appearing to have yielded. - -Moderate.--With Secretiveness moderate, and Self-esteem large, one will -be frank, candid and open-hearted in his ordinary intercourse with -society, yet will be capable, when necessity requires it, of intrigue -and duplicity. He will be frank, open and sincere to acquaintances, -yet will manifest much reserve to strangers. His ordinary conversation -will be discreet, yet, when excited, he will express his sentiments -regardless of consequences; this is more particularly true when -Cautiousness is small. He will then be distinguished for contrariety -of feeling, being prudent and circumspect at one time, and open, blunt -and offending at another. Conscientiousness being small, adds much to -the strength of Secretiveness. He will then use deception and intrigue -whenever they answer his purpose. If Self-esteem, Combativeness and -Destructiveness are large, he will be very blunt and decided, when -nothing is to be gained by an opposite course, and will express his -sentiments without scruple. - -Small.--With Secretiveness small, one is frank, candid and -open-hearted. He will freely relate even to comparative strangers all -his foibles and weaknesses, as well as his virtues and merits. He -expresses his hatred and dislikes without fear or favour. Strangers -will suppose his anger or displeasure to be greater than it really is. -With Destructiveness and Self-esteem large, he will get angry readily, -but if Concentrativeness is small, will soon recover his temper. He -will be often imposed upon in consequence of his relying too much on -others. If Love of Approbation and Benevolence are small, his demeanour -will be usually gruff and impolite. He will have great aversion to -outside show, will use plain and blunt expressions, and be fond of -forcible language. - - -4. ACQUISITIVENESS. - -This organ produces the desire to save, to hoard up and accumulate. It -induces its possessor to acquire property without reference to its -uses or his own necessities. It produces the instinct of property. - -Predominant.--A person in whom this organ predominates, will be -miserly, sordid and avaricious. He will look upon the accumulation of -property as the great end of human existence. If with a low education, -he will not scruple to steal and pilfer. - -Large.--With large Acquisitiveness, and small Benevolence, an -individual will be selfish, sordid and grasping; but with large -Conscientiousness, he will not trespass on the rights of others. With -Domestic Feelings small, he will be excessively penurious in regard to -his family, and will begrudge every shilling that is expended for their -benefit; but if Domestic Feelings are large, he will spend money freely -for the comfort of his family, when he would not on his own account. -With Love of Approbation and Ideality large, he will spend money -freely, in order that he may excel in dress, equipage, &c., while -at the same time, he will be excessively penurious in his dealings. -With large Veneration, he will look with much respect and awe upon -those who are distinguished for their wealth. With Love of Approbation -large, he will be anxious to avoid the reputation of littleness in -his dealings, and will often give to charitable objects, but will -give in such a way as it shall be known. With Firmness, Self-esteem, -Hope and Combativeness large, he will be eminently enterprising and -persevering. If Caution is small, will be apt to rush into speculations -heedlessly and recklessly; but if Caution is large, will be exceedingly -prudent and careful in what he undertakes; but when he has come to a -conclusion upon a point, he will pursue it with great zeal and energy. -If Secretiveness is large, he will have great ability to make a bargain -and effect an arrangement where many others would fail. If Cautiousness -is large, and Hope and Self-esteem moderate or small, he will be averse -to speculations and great enterprises, and prefer slow processes of -accumulation. If Firmness is small, he will be apt to be fickle in his -undertakings and not pursue them long enough to obtain his ends. If -Conscientiousness and Veneration be large, he may be induced to give -money to religious purposes. If Ideality and Veneration are large, he -will be likely to hoard antiquities, medals, &c. With large Intellect, -he will take great pleasure in accumulating a library. If Ideality -and Love of Approbation are small, he will care little for the beauty -of the binding or the neatness of the type; but with Ideality large, -he will spend money freely for these luxuries. With Perceptive organs -large, will be a good judge of property, &c. - -Moderate.--With moderate Acquisitiveness, Self-esteem and Love of -Approbation, a person may be close and economical in his dealings, be -shrewd, enterprising and industrious, may make and accumulate money, -but he will often spend it unnecessarily. With every desire, as he -supposes, to save, yet he will find at the end of the year that he has -expended much that he might have saved. If Alimentiveness is large, -he will be unable to deny himself the pleasures of the table. If -Adhesiveness is large, he will spend money freely for the gratification -of his friends. If Benevolence is large, he will give much to objects -of charity. He will look upon money as the means of enjoyment, and not -as the end of human exertion. - -Small.--A person in whom Acquisitiveness is small, will be unable to -understand the value of money, or to take pleasure in its acquisition, -and unless restrained by the influence of the moral feelings, will be a -spendthrift. - - -5. ALIMENTIVENESS. - -This organ imparts the relish for food and drink. Its activity is -increased when the person is engaged in eating or drinking. - -Predominant.--One in whom this organ is predominant, will be greatly -addicted to the pleasures of the table, will eat voraciously, and will -consider gustatory enjoyments one of the chief pleasures of existence. - -Large.--With Adhesiveness and Love of Approbation large, he will be -very fond of public dinners and festive occasions. If to these be added -Ideality large, the pleasures of these occasions will be heightened in -proportion to the splendour of their appearance. If Acquisitiveness is -large, there will be a continued struggle in his mind; the one wishing -to save money and the other to indulge in good living: the contest will -be decided by the character of his other developements and his worldly -circumstances. If Acquisitiveness is small, he will be regardless of -the expense of an entertainment, and will gratify his appetite without -reference to its cost. With Adhesiveness, Ideality and Approbativeness -large, he will take delight in entertaining his friends in a sumptuous -manner. With Conscientiousness, Veneration and Benevolence large, he -will often reproach himself for his extravagance in matters of the -table. With Mirthfulness, Imitation and Secretiveness large, will be -excessively fond of telling stories, and in “setting the table in a -roar.” With Ideality and Love of Approbation moderate, and Causality -and Self-esteem large, will be fond of entertaining company, but will -despise ceremony. - -Moderate.--With Alimentiveness moderate, a person is fond of a good -diet, but does not make it a prominent object of his attention. With -Benevolence large, he will cheerfully put up with meaner fare than he -is accustomed to when necessity requires it. If Acquisitiveness is -large, he will not expend much upon the pleasures of the palate. - -Small.--With Alimentiveness small, an individual will be quite -regardless of what he eats; will be unable to remember from one day to -another what he has eaten, and usually finds it difficult to decide at -table what dish to take first. With Destructiveness large, often speaks -bitterly of those who indulge in luxurious living. With large Love of -Approbation and Ideality, will give entertainments, but think more of -the respectability of his company and the splendour of the appearance -of his table, than of the quality of the food, &c. - - - - - SELFISH SENTIMENTS. - - -1. FIRMNESS. - -The tendency of this organ is to give constancy and perseverance to -the other powers, and aids their activity and force. Its impulses are -sometimes mistaken for will. This, however, is not correct, as the -action of this organ urges _only to a continuance_ in the same purpose, -the same mode of thinking, and the same cause of action. It adds force -to resolution, and is the active element in fortitude, perseverance -and endurance. With a strong endowment of this organ, persons find it -difficult to enter readily into the feelings of others, or to feel new -emotions suddenly. - -Predominant.--With Firmness predominant, a person will exhibit -unyielding pertinacity of character throughout all the vicissitudes of -life. No misfortune will appal him. His fortitude of character will -enable him to rise superior to every affliction. Having once commenced -a pursuit, he will never relinquish it till compelled to do so by the -force of circumstances. His opinions will seldom change, and his whole -appearance and manner will exhibit the man of firmness and decision. He -may be a good master, but he will be an unwilling servant. - -Large.--With this organ large, a person will be of an unmovable -character, firm in his resolutions, and constant in his principles. He -attends little to exhortations or examples, his conduct is uniform, -and his exertions may be calculated on in all the various situations -of life. With Combativeness and Self-esteem large, he will never -relinquish a pursuit while a hope of success remains, and with but -moderate Cautiousness and Causality, will be deaf to all remonstrance -or advice. With large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, he will seek -for independence, yet be just and benevolent. An attack upon his -opinions will increase the tenacity with which he maintains them. With -large Self-esteem, he will be distinguished for presence of mind in -times of danger. - -Moderate.--With Firmness moderate, a person will continue constant -only in those purposes in which he is aided by the other organs. If -Conscientiousness is large, and the Selfish Propensities small, he -will continue inflexibly just through all temptations of life. If -Acquisitiveness is large, he will never waver in his pursuit of riches. -If Self-esteem is small, and Love of Approbation large, he will be -entirely dependent on the will of his associates. It will be quite -impossible for him to have an opinion of his own. - -Small.--With Firmness small, a person cannot be said to have a -will of his own. He will follow the last impulse he receives, and -without strength to resist, will be an easy instrument of every one -he meets. The actions of his life will take their character from -the other organs, and he will thus be constant in the gratification -of predominant dispositions. With large Acquisitiveness, he will -be constant in his efforts to become rich, but he will be unsteady -in the means he employs. With large Benevolence, Combativeness and -Destructiveness, he will be now all kindness, and anon passionate, -violent and outrageous. With an active temperament, he will enter on -his pursuits with great avidity, and follow them up with commendable -zeal, until perhaps, near their accomplishment, and then fly away to -something else. This state of mind is increased by great Cautiousness, -and diminished by large Self-esteem. - - -2. SELF-ESTEEM. - -This organ produces the feeling of individual personality, or of -personal identity. It causes the feelings of self-love, self-respect, -self-complacency. It imparts to the individual a high opinion of -himself, and of every thing pertaining or belonging to himself. The -most insignificant object, when in the possession of an individual -with this feeling strong, assumes a value and an importance, in his -own estimation, which nothing could have given it before. To such a -person, the idea of self is perpetually before him. Let an idea be -suggested, and his first consideration will be as to how it will affect -his own condition. It gives a cold and repulsive appearance to the -individual, and renders him particularly obnoxious to others having -the same organization. It renders one averse to submission, and gives -an inclination to assume the lead. When properly regulated, it adds -dignity to the whole demeanour, and gives a nobleness to the character -which effectually prevents any action of meanness or servility. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, an individual will be proud, -haughty and supercilious. Whatever he possesses, he considers superior -to that belonging to any one else. In his judgment and actions he -scorns all advice, and looks down with contempt on his fellow-men. He -admits no dictation. He never submits to advice, but assumes the lead -on all occasions. Any thing like familiarity revolts him. His whole -appearance indicates assurance and presumption. When excited, he is -disposed to go to the greatest extremes. “He will have many enemies, -and will be regardless of the frown or the favour of men; intractable, -domineering, repulsive, conceited, jealous, austere, he considers -himself nearly infallible.” - -Large.--With this organ large, the individual is endowed with that -degree of self-complacency which enables him to apply his powers to -the best advantage, in every situation in which he may be placed. With -Combativeness and Firmness large, and Destructiveness moderate, he is -eminently qualified to sustain himself in any situation in which he -may be placed. With this organization, he will be bold, energetic, -persevering, and surpassingly independent. No difficulties will appal -him, and no force of circumstances of an ordinary character, will deter -him from the prosecution of his designs. With large Conscientiousness, -he will be honourable and high-minded in the extreme. With large -Conscientiousness, Veneration, Ideality, Benevolence and Causality, -he will rather suffer death than commit a dishonourable action. If -Conscientiousness, Benevolence and Veneration are deficient, he will be -dogmatic, imperious and haughty, and will be constantly striving for -power, which, when obtained, he invariably abuses. If an author, with -Ideality, Language and Comparison large, he will write in a sustained -and lofty style, never descending to a common-place expression. If his -Domestic Feelings are large, with Combativeness and Destructiveness -large, he will be tenderly attached to his family, and take great pride -and interest in them, yet will require from them implicit obedience. -With Cautiousness and Causality large, he will be induced to seek -advice, but only for the purpose of enabling him to form his own -opinion. With Cautiousness large, he will often appear disconcerted -and diffident, in consequence of his anxiety about matters likely to -affect him. With Firmness, Secretiveness and Imitation large, a person -will never act in a subordinate station. Let his situation in life be -what it may, he will always be a leader. - -Moderate.--With Self-esteem moderate, and with a favourable -developement of other organs, one will have sufficient self-respect -for the ordinary occupations of life, but he will never be able to put -himself forward in any great undertaking, or to command that general -influence and esteem as he would do with a larger developement of this -organ. With Cautiousness, Love of Approbation and Veneration large, -he will be humble, timid and abashed in the presence of superiors or -strangers. He will lack the requisite independence to vindicate his -own opinion, and will be too ready to give way to that of others. With -this organization, and large Intellect, he may possess great abilities, -but for want of self-confidence requisite to enable him to make his -way through opposition, he will be much underrated. It will give him -pain to be obliged to trespass on the attention of others, and he will -suffer greatly from a feeling of unworthiness. With small Cautiousness, -Firmness, Combativeness and Destructiveness, he will be enterprising -and persevering, yet will lack that force of character requisite for -important undertakings. With large Veneration, Conscientiousness and -Intellect, he will be respectful towards others, and will not be -deficient in respect for himself. - -Small.--With Self-esteem small, one will be humble and submissive. No -matter how exalted may be the character of his intellect, a feeling of -unworthiness will accompany all his actions. He will ever associate -with inferiors. His language will be trifling and common-place. Let his -talents be what they may, he will never rise from an inferior station. - - -3. LOVE OF APPROBATION. - -This organ excites the desire of notice, praise, distinction and -recognition. It is an active element in the mind of the office -seeker, the soldier, the actor, the statesman, &c. It inspires the -fop, and sustains the buffoon. It causes a desire to be approved as -well as noticed, but it prefers censure to inattention. When properly -regulated, it induces amiability of disposition. - -Predominant.--An individual with this organ predominant, will be -grossly vain and fantastical. Every action of his life will be -calculated to excite attention. He will appear to think as though the -world had little else to do than to be attentive to his actions. - -Large.--With this organ large, a person will be distinguished for -the regard he places upon his character. The disapprobation of his -fellow-men will be displeasing to him in a high degree. In his -intercourse with society, he will be polite and courteous, avoiding -every thing harsh, austere or repulsive. If Conscientiousness and -Intellect are deficient, he will be a braggart, and will often speak -of his feats and performances. If thrown into evil company, he will -be foremost in all deeds of wickedness. With Self-esteem large, and -Causality moderate or small, will be exceedingly proud and vain, -will use much ceremony, and will be very affected in his manner and -conversation; and if Ideality and Individuality are large, will be -exceedingly fond of dress and finical decorations. With Adhesiveness -large, and Firmness moderate or small, one will be influenced by -the opinions of his friends and associates, and will give way to -them in opposition to the dictates of his own judgment. With this -combination, and Destructiveness and Combativeness large, will get -easily offended, and construe the least inattention from his friends -into dislike or insult. With Cautiousness, Secretiveness, Veneration -and Conscientiousness large, or very large, and Self-esteem small, -will be very desirous to please, and will evince great anxiety to -carry out this object; will feel great respect for superiors in age, -talents, &c.; will entertain a feeling of his own inferiority, and -also of reserve, which will have the effect of making him timid and -bashful. With Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-esteem, Firmness, -Ideality, Individuality, Eventuality and Language large, and Comparison -and Causality large, will possess talents for an exalted order, and -an ardent ambition of fame. This combination will enable him to -distinguish himself for intellectual greatness. - -Moderate.--With this organ but moderately developed, a person will -by no means be insensible to the opinions of the world, yet, if -Self-esteem and Conscientiousness are large, he will not allow its -opinions to force him from the path of duty. If Adhesiveness is large, -the opinion of his friends will have much influence over him. If -Firmness, Self-esteem and Combativeness are large, he will be austere -and independent, doing what his own feelings dictate, regardless of -the frowns or favours of his fellow-men. - -Small.--With Love of Approbation small, one will almost be insensible -to the feelings of shame, and will be nearly regardless of public -opinion. With small Ideality, he will be slovenly in his dress and -appearance. - - -4. CAUTIOUSNESS. - -This organ is the parent of fear. It urges its possessor to use every -precaution possible for his individual safety. It is excited by every -object that has power to affect his condition, or the condition of the -objects of his other feelings. It renders one prudent, circumspect and -judicious. - -Predominant.--When this organ predominates, the individual will be -timid, irresolute and undecided. He will never by any accident give -way to a flow of ideas. For the most insignificant undertakings he -will prepare with the greatest precaution, and will never form a -connexion without subjecting it to the most rigorous examination. If -Destructiveness is large, and Hope not more than moderate, he will be -liable to commit suicide. - -Large.--With Cautiousness large, a person will be habitually careful, -cautious and prudent in all his transactions in life. He will never -take a step without due consideration. If Self-esteem, Combativeness -and Destructiveness are large, he will be wary and prudent in entering -upon an undertaking, but when he has commenced, he will prosecute it -with great energy and boldness. - -Moderate.--With but a moderate developement of this organ, and with -large Hope and Self-esteem, one will be habitually reckless and -imprudent; but if these organs are small, and Causality and Comparison -large, he will not lack discretion in ordinary occupations of life, -or in cases where his other organs create a lively interest. If -Acquisitiveness is large, he will be prudent in business transactions. -If the Domestic Feelings are strong, he will be anxious respecting the -welfare of his family; and if Love of Approbation is strong, he will be -particularly careful in whatever regards his own reputation. - -Small.--With Cautiousness small, a person will act according to the -dictates of his other faculties, unrestrained by timidity or fear. -He will be rash, precipitate and perfectly regardless of the results -of his conduct. If with a sanguine temperament, and Hope moderate or -large, his disposition will be gay and cheerful, and will be too much -engrossed with the present. - - - - - MORAL SENTIMENTS. - - -1. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. - -This organ views all actions in their moral aspect. It operates as an -internal monitor, prescribing to its possessor the claims of truth -and duty. Its power, however, does not enable it to decide upon what -is abstractly just or unjust. This is affected by the character of -the other organs with which it is combined. A person with large -conscientiousness, and large Selfish Propensities, will consider an -action just, which another, with the same amount of Conscientiousness, -and smaller propensities, will consider unjust. This organ is essential -to the formation of a truly philosophic mind, especially in moral -investigations. It produces the desire of discovering the tact of -recognising it when discovered, and that perfect reliance on its -invincible supremacy which gives at once dignity and peace to the mind. - -Predominant.--When this organ predominates, the individual looks always -and only for truth, and receives it from whatever source it comes. He -is thus disposed to regulate his conduct by the wisest sentiments of -justice, which imparts an earnestness, integrity and directness in his -manner, that leaves no room to doubt of his sincerity. He desires to -act justly from the love of justice, unbiased by fear, interest or any -sinister motive. When the actions have been contrary to the dictates -of this organ, it produces remorse, repentance, a sense of guilt and -demerit. - -Large.--With this organ large, and the Selfish Propensities moderate, -one will be eminently just and honest in all his dealings. He can -never be brought to sacrifice duty to expediency. With large Firmness -and Combativeness, he will be particularly firm, bold and decided on -all questions of moral duty. He will never shrink from the advocacy -of right, or from sustaining the defenceless from the unjust attacks -of their enemies. If with this combination, Destructiveness is large, -he will be inclined to severely censure any trickery or dishonesty in -others; and if Causality is not large, he will consider himself the -standard of truth and justice, by which all others must be judged. - -Moderate.--With but a moderate developement of this organ, one will -endeavour to act justly; and if Causality and Comparison are large, -and the Selfish Propensities small, he will generally do so; but if -the Selfish Propensities are very strong, he will be guided more by -considerations of interest than of duty. If with this combination, -and Adhesiveness large, while he will take advantage of a stranger in -a pecuniary transaction, no power of circumstances can induce him to -trespass on the rights of a friend. His compunctions of conscience will -be few and feeble. He will not be scrupulous about what he requires of -others, seeming to claim as a right, that they should make sacrifices -to his interest and inclination. He will look more to the effect that -actions and opinions will have upon himself, than upon their moral -character. If Love of Approbation, Secretiveness and Destructiveness -are large, he will be likely to indulge in harsh, censorious and unjust -remarks upon the character of his neighbours, while at the same time, -if Acquisitiveness is moderate or small, he will be strictly just in -all his dealings. - -Small.--With Conscientiousness small, one will have few or no -compunctions of conscience; he will be ever ready to justify himself to -himself, have little or no regard for moral principle, and an imperfect -idea of right and wrong in the abstract. With large Self-esteem, -Benevolence, and Adhesiveness, and with small Acquisitiveness and -Secretiveness, he may be honest and kind-hearted in his general -conduct, but it will be because he considers it dishonourable and -unmanly to commit a mean action, and because it pains his Benevolence -and Adhesiveness to injure another. With this combination he will -extol his friends in the highest terms, but if he gets angry with them, -he will traduce and vilify them, being in both cases regardless of -their true merit. If Love of Approbation is large, he will adopt every -means to please without regard to justice or propriety. - - -2. VENERATION. - -This organ produces the sentiment of reverence, without regarding the -character of the object on which it seeks exercise. By its influence -man adores God, venerates saints, and respects parents, teachers and -superiors in general. This organ is the source of natural religion, or -that tendency to worship a superior power which manifests itself in -every nation yet discovered. - -Predominant.--With Veneration predominant, a person if religious, will -be extremely devout, and will experience the most profound feelings -of awe and respect in contemplating the attributes of the deity. If -Marvellousness and Conscientiousness are large, he will be extremely -susceptible of religious impressions, and will not fail to become a -devout and enthusiastic adherent of the church. - -Large.--A person with Veneration large, will feel profound respect -for all persons and objects that are aged and venerable, or in any -way entitled in his estimation to respect and confidence. With large -Benevolence and Conscientiousness, he will not only act justly and -charitably, but his actions will be accompanied and sustained by a -feeling of respect and reverence for the abstract principles of justice -and charity, that cannot be conceived by those who have this organ -small. With large Love of Approbation, and small Conscientiousness, he -will be disposed to think highly of those who are in high stations, the -rich, the powerful and the grand. If Combativeness and Destructiveness -are large, and Acquisitiveness small, while he may look with contempt -upon the merely wealthy, he will feel much respect for the memory and -character of the brave and patriotic. With large Intellect, the action -of this organ will be exerted towards the character and persons of -literary men. - -Moderate.--With this organ but moderately developed, the sentiment -of respect in general will have but a limited influence over the -character of the individual. If Conscientiousness and Marvellousness -are large, he will probably be religious, but he will not be so devout -and enthusiastic in his devotions as many others with less real piety. -If Love of Approbation is large, he will be exceedingly courteous and -attentive, but his conduct will lack that deference and respect so -necessary to conciliate esteem. - -Small.--With Veneration but small, a person will be almost wholly -destitute of the qualities ascribed to this organ. He may be religious, -but the act of devotion will be a task to him, and he will be enabled -to conceive those feelings of solemnity and awe, with which many are -exercised. Children so constituted are disobedient and inattentive to -their parents and teachers. - - -3. BENEVOLENCE. - -This organ produces the desire of the happiness of others, and -disposes to compassion and goodness of heart. It produces liberality -of sentiment towards all mankind, and a disposition to love them -and contribute to their pleasures. The benevolent man cannot feel -happy, as long as famine, bodily suffering and mental misery are the -bitter portion of his fellow creatures. He will never complain of -the heartlessness or the ingratitude of others. He is so well aware -of wishing well to others, that he does not doubt of their good will -towards himself. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, one may almost be said to -be the victim of his kindness, good will and sympathy to others. In -his zeal for the welfare of his fellow creatures, he seldom thinks of -himself. In society, he restrains all his selfish inclinations, for -fear of giving uneasiness to others. He will frequently meditate upon -the miseries of mankind, and consider the various means of relieving -their wretchedness. - -Large.--With Benevolence large, one will be kind, charitable and -forgiving. His whole demeanour will indicate goodness of disposition. -If Secretiveness is small, he will be especially liable to imposition, -as he will be conscious of entertaining no designs against others, -and will suspect none against himself. If Adhesiveness is large, and -Acquisitiveness small, he will be exceedingly liberal and generous. -He will find it difficult to withstand the solicitations of charity, -and will be especially alive to the interests of his friends. With -Acquisitiveness large, he will be well disposed to charitable -objects, but will seldom ever give to them substantial aid. He will -be more likely to give his time and advice than money. If, with this -combination large, Love of Approbation be added, it will greatly aid -the effect of Benevolence. With but moderate Destructiveness, it will -be difficult for him to witness suffering or pain; yet, with large -Destructiveness, when it is necessary, notwithstanding his general -kindness of disposition, can witness and even inflict pain, and take -pleasure in it. - -Moderate.--With Benevolence moderate, one will be kindly and well -disposed towards others, yet, except on extraordinary occasions, will -not make many sacrifices to their good. If Acquisitiveness and the -Selfish Feelings generally are large, he will be avaricious and selfish -to the last degree, and yet not be absolutely insensible to the claims -of the unfortunate. If Love of Approbation is large, he may often give -to charitable purposes, but it will be more for the sake of having his -acts the subject of conversation than out of good will to the object. -If Self-esteem, Combativeness and Destructiveness are large, he will -be harsh, cruel and severe, and will be apparently utterly regardless -of the feelings of his fellow men. - -Small.--With Benevolence but small, one will be unfeeling and cruel. -If Conscientiousness is large, he will not trespass on the rights -of others in any particular, but his whole conduct will exhibit, -notwithstanding, a disregard of all the tender amenities of life, and -an almost utter absence of sympathy and good feeling. - - -4. HOPE. - -This organ induces the mind to contemplate the future with high -anticipations of being able to realize whatever the other feelings -desire. It thus causes us to be gay and cheerful, and to preserve the -equanimity of our temper amidst difficulties and misfortune. Those -who are destitute of it are prone to disobedience. Their ideas of the -future are always dark and gloomy. - -Predominant.--With Hope predominant, an individual is constantly -revelling in the bright prospects of the future. He will be so sanguine -of success, that he will neglect the means by which success can be -attained. He will be credulous and visionary in all his enterprises and -undertakings. - -Large.--With Hope large, one always views the future with bright -anticipations. If Caution and Causality are large, he will never -be carried away by his expectations, but will pursue generally a -prudent course, and not allow his hopes to hurry him into imprudent -measures. If Combativeness, Firmness, Self-esteem and Ideality are -large, he will be bold, speculative and enterprising; and if Caution -is small, will be excessively rash, precipitate and imprudent, often -attempting undertakings which to the less sanguine appear impossible. -With this combination, he will never be cast down or discouraged; the -vicissitudes of fortune have no power to repress his energy or restrain -his enterprise. - -Moderate.--With Hope moderate, one’s expectations will be sanguine, -but not immoderately so. If Firmness, Self-esteem, Combativeness and -Destructiveness are large, he will attempt important undertakings, -and count with much certainty and pleasure their chances of success. -If Cautiousness is large, he will despond much more than hope, will -never attempt enterprises, unless their chances of success are almost -certain; will expect too little, rather than too much, and will not be -sanguine or cheerful. - -Small.--With Hope small, a person will be constantly low spirited and -melancholy. The brightest prospects can hardly excite his spirits. He -will dwell perpetually upon the dark side of appearances, and will want -enterprise and spirit. - - -5. MARVELLOUSNESS. - -This organ produces credulity of mind. It predisposes to believe -without sufficient testimony, and delights in contemplating the -strange and wonderful. It has been supposed, that this organ is given -to enable the mind to believe in those passages in Revelation, in -which supernatural performances are related, and that consequently -it increases the zeal and fervour of the devout and religious. Its -more general manifestations, are to give a fondness for supernatural -stories, and a love of the strange, the new and the marvellous, and -sometimes leads to a desire to visit mysterious and unfrequented -countries. - -Predominant.--With Marvellousness predominant, one will be exceedingly -credulous and visionary in all his views. He will readily take for -granted whatever is told him of a wonderful character. He will -disregard simple causes, and be disposed to account for any thing a -little unusual by a forced and unnatural conclusion. - -Large.--With Marvellousness large, and Veneration large, a person, -if religious, will be eminently devout and superstitious. He will -readily believe in special providences, divine agency, &c. With -large Eventuality and Ideality, will be passionately fond of reading -marvellous accounts, hair-breadth escapes, &c. With large Cautiousness, -and small Causality, will be afraid of ghosts, and will profess often -to see apparitions. - -Moderate.--With but a moderate developement of this organ, and with -large Causality and Comparison, one will be rather sceptical in his -views, requiring much proof before his assent can be gained, yet at the -same time, will keep his mind open to conviction, and will be willing -to give subjects a considerate examination. If Causality is small, -he will often adopt principles upon insufficient grounds; and with -Ideality large, will be exceedingly fond of marvellous tales, and of -fictitious excitement of a mysterious character. - -Small.--With Marvellousness small, one will be exceedingly incredulous -and sceptical. It will be impossible for him to believe any thing -but what is susceptible of the clearest demonstration. With Ideality -moderate or small, he will have great aversion to marvellous stories -and fictitious works generally. With Veneration small, he may be -religious, but his mind will be peculiar. He will not submit to the -teaching of any man, and will form his creed from the results of his -own reading and reflection. - - - - - INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS. - - -1. IDEALITY. - -This organ imparts a relish and a desire for the beautiful, the -elevated and the exquisite. It renders its possessor constantly alive -to impressions of beauty, and leads to a desire of improvement. Those -who possess it large are never satisfied with sober reality; but -delight to revel in the illusions of fancied existence. - -Predominant.--With Ideality predominant, one will live in a state -of constant illusion. He will be enthusiastic and chimerical in all -his views and opinions. His enjoyments will be of the most intense -description, and his suffering of the same character. Plain matter of -fact and sober reality will disgust him. He will be ever striving -after the refined and the ideal. He will be an enthusiastic admirer of -poetry and the fine arts, and all objects of taste. - -Large.--With this organ large, one will possess a rich and glowing -fancy, and a natural refinement and exquisiteness of taste. With -Benevolence large, he will be much afflicted at the miseries of -mankind, and will long for a state of existence where happiness is -unalloyed and pleasure interminable. With Adhesiveness large, his ideas -of friendship will be of the most exquisite and refined description. -With Colour, Form and Size large, he will be an excellent judge of -paintings, and will be exceedingly fond of them; with Locality and Form -large, will take great delight in picturesque scenery, in flowers, -trees, &c. With large Language and Comparison, will employ many -metaphors and figures of speech in his writings and conversations; with -Self-esteem and Comparison large, he will be exceedingly choice in his -use of language; and if, with this combination, Language be large, and -Causality small, he will have many more words than ideas, and will -converse much more than think. He will be superficial and showy, rather -than solid. With Amativeness and Adhesiveness large, will be fond of -such poetry as is the subject of love and passion. With Imitation and -Marvellousness large, will never relapse in his efforts for improvement. - -Moderate.--With Ideality moderate, one will not be insensible to -the beauties of nature and art, yet will never allow his fancy to -obtain the mastery over him. He will seldom experience a high degree -of enthusiasm and rapture of feeling, and be rather a plain and -matter-of-fact character. If Causality is large, he may relish fiction, -but it will be more for its sentiment than for its ideal qualities. If -Self-esteem is small, his language will be exceedingly plain, and he -will never attain a high degree of refinement and polish of manners. - -Small.--With Ideality small, one will be incapable of appreciating -beauty. His views and sentiments will be coarse and unrefined. His -expressions will be low and vulgar. He will have great aversion to -poetry, paintings and all works of taste. - - -2. CONSTRUCTIVENESS. - -This organ furnishes the inclination to construct, to build, and to -invent. It is supposed by many, that this organ of itself is a proof -of the ability to be an operative mechanic, but this is an error; -the office of the organ is only to manifest the desire by which the -intellect is excited to its gratification. To possess a high degree -of inventive power, one must not only possess a large organ of -Constructiveness, but a favourable intellect; and to be a successful -practical mechanic, it is requisite to have along with these two -requisites, a large developement of Form, Size, Weight, &c. - -Predominant.--With Constructiveness predominant, one will possess a -high degree of natural ability for planning, contriving, building, &c. -He will take great delight in contemplating works of architecture, and -other subjects of human ingenuity. - -Large.--With large Constructiveness and Imitation, one will excel in -making after a pattern; but if Form, Size and Weight are small, he will -be unable to construct from his own invention. - - -3. IMITATION. - -The function of this organ is to enable its possessor to do whatever he -has witnessed performed by others. It leads to a desire to represent, -mimic, act, copy, &c. It greatly facilitates the learning of a -foreign language, and is an essential ingredient in the character of -the skilful mechanic. The gestures of the active are prompted by the -same feeling. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant will be given to practice -mimicry and representation. If Secretiveness is large, he will be well -calculated for the stage, and can readily represent any feeling or -sentiment that he may be enabled to conceive. With large Eventuality, -Individuality and Mirthfulness, will readily notice all the -peculiarities of his associates, and be perpetually turning them into -ridicule. - -Large.--With large Love of Approbation, Ideality, Self-esteem, -Individuality and Secretiveness, one will be able readily to adapt -himself to the customs and forms of any society in which he may be -thrown. With this combination and tolerably favourable opportunities -for observation, his manners will be highly polished and agreeable. -With large Form, Size and Ideality, can readily copy or imitate a -superscription, or other writing, and with proper discipline will -excel in drawing. With large Constructiveness, Form and Size, will be -highly capable of excelling in a mechanical profession. With large -Secretiveness, can relate stories with great force. With large -Secretiveness, Individuality, Eventuality, Language and Comparison, he -will excel in description, and be capable of giving force and life to -his ideas that will fasten them upon the recollection of his auditors. -With Secretiveness and Firmness large, can restrain the expression of -pain in the most heroic manner, and assume the appearance of perfect -health. If Secretiveness is small, he will be unable to imitate a -character, or mimic, yet will nevertheless be able to draw, &c. - -Moderate.--With but a moderate developement of this organ, one will -find great difficulty in description, imitating, or in any performance -that requires the exercise of this faculty. With large Secretiveness, -he will be enabled to relate stories, but he can never be able to -represent any continued action, or carry out a successful description. - -Small.--With Imitation small, an individual will be almost wholly -destitute of the attributes ascribed to this organ. He will be unable -to represent very accurately the simplest actions. Can never excel in -penmanship or drawing, and will always be distinguished as an original. -If Self-esteem is large, he will dispel ceremony; if Secretiveness is -small, he will be perfectly unique in his actions, and be distinguished -for his independence and eccentricity. - - -4. MIRTHFULNESS. - -This organ gives the desire and the ability to enjoy mirth. Its -possessors are apt to consider things in their most humorous light, to -the neglect of their more sober characteristics. It is that principle -of the mind, which enables one to detect what is absurd and ridiculous, -and to delight in jokes, fun and laughter. - -Predominant.--With Mirthfulness predominant, one has an irresistible -tendency to view every thing in a comical aspect. His most serious -meditations are liable to be interrupted by mirthful intrusions; and -he will indulge his humorous propensities, regardless of consequences. - -Large.--With Mirthfulness large, will have a lively perception of the -ludicrous, and will be apt to catch up every little incident, and make -it the subject of humorous remarks. With Destructiveness and Comparison -large, he will be sarcastic, and severe in his jokes, and will laugh -heartily at the discomfiture of others. If Secretiveness and Imitation -are small, he will not be able to relate a joke with propriety, yet -will enjoy one; but if Secretiveness, Ideality and Imitation are -large, he will tell a story in the most refined and delightful manner; -with Comparison and Love of Approbation large, and Causality and -Secretiveness moderate, he will laugh excessively at his own jokes. - -Moderate.--With Mirthfulness moderate, one is fond of fun, but unable -to make it. With Combativeness, Destructiveness and Comparison large, -will be severe and pungent in his attempts at wit, and will thus often -give offence. - -Small.--With Mirthfulness but small, one will be nearly destitute of -the ability to enjoy a joke, and quite unable to make one. He will look -upon wit as impertinent and silly, and be offended at jocose remarks. -If Love of Approbation is large, he will be very much annoyed at jokes; -with Combativeness moderate or large, will get highly offended at any -attempts to do so. - - - - - OBSERVING FACULTIES. - - -1. INDIVIDUALITY. - -The function of this organ is to recognise existences, or the identity -of substances without reference to their peculiarities; it has been -termed the memory of things. Its recollective powers are limited to -simple details, or facts having no reference to their form, colour, &c. - -Predominant.--One in whom Individuality is predominant, will be -distinguished for his powers of observation. No object will escape -his scrutiny, and no opportunities will satiate his curiosity. If his -reflective powers are weak, he will require a great mass of facts, but -they will lie in his mind confused and unoccupied: he will be unable to -employ them in illustration or argument. If in the habit of writing, -his compositions will abound with personifications. If Causality is -large, and Concentrativeness is small, his reflective powers will -be weakened by the tendency imparted by individuality to dwell upon -substances instead of causes. - -Large.--With Individuality large, one is induced to observe and examine -every object that comes under the limits of his vision. His scrutiny -does not appear to include the peculiarities of substances, but rests -satisfied with their mere corporeal existence. He is distinguished as -a close observer of men and things. In description he is exceedingly -minute; and with Concentrativeness large, prolix and tedious to the -last degree. With Eventuality and Time large, he will not only notice -quickly, but will remember with exactness; and with Language large, can -describe accurately events, manners, customs, &c. With these organs -large, he will have a great desire for reading, and for collecting -facts. With the Reflective Powers and Language large, will be much -given to reflection, and in expressing his thoughts will be clear and -perspicuous. - -Moderate.--With Individuality moderate, and the Reflective Powers and -Concentrativeness large, will be subject to abstraction of mind, and -will be much more given to reflection than to observation, still, when -any thing peculiar is offered to his attention, he can readily examine -its character. He will generally notice existences more in relation to -their uses and adaptations, than as mere identities. - -Small.--A person whose Individuality is small, is generally heedless -and unobserving. With Locality moderate or small, he may travel -extensively; and yet remain as ignorant as if he had staid at home. -Nothing but the more obvious characteristics has power to excite his -attention. If Constructiveness and Ideality are full, he will notice -works of architecture, but his descriptions of such will lack unity -in consequence of his incapacity to notice details. If Causality and -Comparison are large, he will be addicted to reflection, but his -expressions will be vague and apparently inconsistent, consequent on -his inability to collect minute details. - - -2. FORM. - -This organ gives the ability to discriminate forms. It aids the artist, -and a prominent developement is indispensable to the skilful mechanic. - -Predominant.--With Form predominant, one never forgets the appearance -of any thing that has once came distinctly under his cognition. He will -readily discriminate the forms of objects at a distance, and perceive -differences and resemblances where many others will not; can recollect -the name of a person by remembering its appearance when written; will -easily detect typographical errors; and with Size and Individuality -large, can read with great facility and correctness. - -Large.--With Form large, one much more readily recollects the -appearance of a person than his name, this is more particularly the -case with Individuality large. With Individuality small, he will not -be apt to pay attention to ordinary matters, but if his attention is -called to them, he recollects their appearance with distinctness. With -Imitation large, he will be able to draw and copy with great facility, -and will excel in penmanship. - -Moderate.--With Form moderate, and the Reflecting organs large, one -will never notice the shapes of substances, until something particular -enforces his attention. He will then require considerable examination -to enable him to recognise them afterwards. His recollection of persons -and things will usually be confused and indistinct. With Individuality -large, observes much, and with tolerable distinctness; but with -Individuality small, is heedless and inattentive. - -Small.--With Form small, a person will be unable to recollect the -countenances of persons even with whom he is intimate. He will be apt -to miscall words in reading. He will find it difficult to decipher -obscure handwriting. It will also be difficult, if not impossible, for -him to make much progress in the natural sciences. - - -3. SIZE. - -This organ gives the idea of space, and the power of judging the -relative dimensions of objects; it also gives the ability to judge of -distances or of lineal space. - -Predominant.--With Size predominant, one’s perceptions of the -dimensions of objects will be singularly accurate, he will be enabled -to tell at a mere glance the dimensions of a room, the length and -relative distances of objects, the centre of a circle, and to perform -any other action requiring the exercise of this organ. - -Large.--With Size large, one will possess all the attributes ascribed -to Size predominant, but in a minor degree. - -Moderate.--With Size but moderate, and without having been accustomed -to the exercise of the organ, one will greatly err in judging of the -dimensions of objects and size generally. - -Small.--With Size small, one will be signally deficient in all the -qualities ascribed to this organ. - - -4. WEIGHT. - -The office of this organ is to impart to its possessor the idea of the -power of gravity, or of mechanical force and resistance. It gives great -ability to judge of momentum, and is large in the heads of all those -who excel in fencing, boxing, archery, skating, quoit playing, &c. - -Predominant.--With Weight predominant, one will be remarkable for his -power in the use of this faculty. In performing gymnastic feats, in -balancing, riding a fractious horse, and in every other exercise that -requires a display of agility he will be pre-eminently conspicuous. - -Large.--With Weight and Self-esteem large, one can easily adapt himself -to the laws of gravity, will never fall in precarious situations, can -go aloft at sea in the most intrepid manner, and readily perform any -operation requiring the exercise of this endowment. - -Moderate.--With Weight but moderate, one will be rather deficient -in the qualities ascribed to the functions of this organ, but with -practice, may attain considerable skill and success in the arts to -which it conduces. - -Small.--With Weight but small, one will easily lose his balance, even -in situations where no danger is to be apprehended. He will be enabled -to excel as a marksman or wrestler; will be enabled to learn to skate, -or to pitch quoits. With large Form, Constructiveness and Imitation, -will have a mechanical turn, but will be unable to excel as a machinist -in consequence of his inability to perform the functions ascribed to -this organ. - - -5. COLOUR. - -This organ gives the perception of Colour, and renders one sensible to -their different shades, their harmony and discord. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, one will notice the colour -of an object before any other peculiarity appertaining to it; will take -delight in colours, in their arrangement, order and beauty. - -Large.--With Colour, Ideality and Comparison large, one will be -distinguished for his love of colours, and his ability to discriminate -and arrange them. With large Form, Ideality, Individuality, -Constructiveness and Imitation, Size and Order, will excel as a -portrait painter, and take great delight in that occupation; and with -Eventuality, Locality and Comparison, as an historical painter. - -Moderate.--With Colour but moderate, and in an occupation that does not -exercise the function of this organ, one will be decidedly deficient -in his ability to discriminate colours, but if his pursuits are -the reverse of what is here presumed, he will be a tolerable judge -of colours, and possess considerable taste in his arrangement and -selection of them. - -Small.--With this organ but small, an individual will be unable to -discriminate any but the most striking colours. With Ideality large, -may be fond of paintings, but will be unable to point out their -peculiar beauties. He can never tell the colour of the eyes or hair of -even his familiar acquaintances. - - -6. ORDER. - -This organ imparts that quality of mind, which prompts an individual to -preserve order and arrangement in his several pursuits and occupations. -The peculiar action of the organ is much dependent upon the character -of the other developements. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, one will be distinguished -for his love of order and arrangement. His maxim will be “_a place for -every thing, and every thing in its place_.” This quality of mind will -be a prominent trait in his character, and will influence to a great -degree his conduct and actions. - -Large.--With this organ large, one will be much annoyed by disorder; -his room, clothes, books, papers, and every thing under his control, -will always be kept in the utmost neatness and regularity. With -Adhesiveness large, will be fond of social enjoyments, but his -pleasures will be much interrupted on discovering a want of neatness -and order in the persons of his friends and acquaintances. With -Ideality and Individuality large, will be exceedingly neat and -fastidious. With Combativeness and Destructiveness large, will easily -get offended and angry at seeing things out of place. With Locality -large, he will be enabled to perform actions in places in the dark, -with which he is acquainted almost as well as in the light. With -Ideality but moderate or small, he will be slovenly in his dress and -appearance, yet preserve order, arrangement and neatness with his -books, papers, &c. - -Moderate.--With Order but moderate, one will be rather deficient -in the qualities ascribed to this organ. He will be fond of order, -and acknowledge its utility, but will be unable to observe it. With -Ideality large, and having been educated in habits of order and -neatness, the action of this organ will be much improved. He will -possess most of the qualities ascribed to Order large, but will never -sacrifice much to this quality of mind; but with Ideality small, and -with an imperfect education, he will be slovenly, loose and irregular -in all his actions and movements. - -Small.--With this organ small, one will be exceedingly disorderly and -incoherent in all his arrangements, and business details. His actions -will not be guided by system, his books, papers, &c. will be left where -he happens to use them. He will be unable to appreciate the utility of -order, and complain of those who practice it as being over nice. - - -7. CALCULATION. - -This organ enables us to form the idea of number, or the plurality of -objects. It assists in the recollection of dates and quantities. It -enables one to readily understand numbers and their combinations. Its -activity takes place, whenever there is a departure from unity. A -large endowment of this organ is not essential to the algebraist and -geometrician, its functions being limited to arithmetical calculations. - -Predominant.--One having Calculation predominant, will reckon in his -head almost any arithmetical problem that can be proposed to him. -If Causality and Comparison are large, he will excel in the higher -branches of mathematics, and possess a great fondness for these studies. - -Large.--With calculation large, one will be distinguished among his -acquaintances for his skill in arithmetical calculations. He will be -enabled to tell at a glance, operations which to an ordinary accountant -require the use of figures. If Causality and Comparison are large, he -will excel in solving difficult problems in the higher mathematics, -but if these organs are deficient, his talent will be limited to -arithmetical calculations. - -Moderate.--With Calculation moderate, and in a situation which -constantly demands the act of ready calculation, one may become highly -talented in this respect. He will, however, require time and effort -to go through an intricate operation. If Causality and Comparison are -large, in ordinary circumstances he will accustom himself to the use of -a slate and pencil for all operations of a complicated character. - -Small.--With Calculation small, one can succeed in arithmetical -calculations only by dint of great labour, and then only to a limited -extent. If Causality and Comparison are large, he may be capable of -the higher branches of mathematics, but the difficulty, which his -arithmetical calculations cost him, will render him averse to all -mathematical speculations. - - -8. LOCALITY. - -This organ gives the power of noticing and recollecting the peculiar -position of objects, and gives a desire for travelling, and for the -study of geography. It is essential to the scene painter. It strongly -aids the power of association. - -Predominant.--With Locality predominant, one will have an insatiable -desire for travelling, roving about, and for visiting strange places, -will readily recollect their peculiar position, the localities of the -prominent objects of attention, and will be excessively fond of reading -geography and works of travels. - -Large.--With Locality large, one will have a great desire for -travelling; and with Acquisitiveness and Inhabitiveness moderate or -small, will be prompted to roam about regardless of expense, or of -family considerations. In visiting strange places, he readily notices -their peculiar localities, and will ever after recollect them. He will -be excessively fond of studying geography, and works of travels; and -will be enabled to point out the particular position of a sentence in -a book or newspaper containing an idea to which he wishes to direct -attention. He will never stumble in the dark, and will find his way -with little instruction through unfrequented places. - -Moderate.--With Locality but moderate, one will have but little desire -for travelling, and will be nearly regardless of the localities of -the places which he visits. He will often lose his way in forests and -cities, with which he is not familiar, and will seldom find a place -if obscurely situated without great trouble. With Individuality and -Ideality large, will have a fine taste for natural scenery, but his -descriptions will be vague and unsatisfactory in consequence of his -inability to point out the particular localities of the different -objects. - -Small.--With Locality small, one will be extremely unobservant of, and -inattentive to the localities of objects. He will often lose his way -even in places with which he is familiar, and will be nearly wanting in -the attributes ascribed to this organ. - - -9. EVENTUALITY. - -This organ takes cognizance of actions as they exist; and thus observes -the phenomena that is constantly taking place throughout nature. It is -a principal element in the desire for knowledge, and greatly aids in -giving an ability for practical business involving details. - -Predominant.--With Eventuality predominant, one will notice and -remember every transaction and occurrence that comes within his -observation, in all their varied details. He will have an insatiable -thirst for knowledge, and seldom allow any incident to escape his -recollection. He will attend much more to facts than to principles, -and will be given more to narration than to reasoning, often weakening -his arguments by narrating unimportant particulars, which have little -connexion with the point contested. - -Large.--Those in whom this organ is large, possess a clear and distinct -recollection of events and transactions, and are much given to reading -and observation. They are particularly fond of historical and other -works, abounding in facts and incidents. With Language large, will be -fond of relating with extreme minuteness, occurrences and facts with -which he is familiar. If Concentrativeness is large his narrations will -be given in a clear and connected style; but if Concentrativeness is -small, they will want method and connexion. With large Individuality, -Language and Comparison, he will possess a great thirst for knowledge, -and will readily collect, analyze and classify ideas. If, with this -combination, Causality being moderate or small, he will have a large -fund of knowledge, but be unable to profit by it. - -Moderate.--With Eventuality moderate, one will be able usually to -observe actions, but will be inattentive to any but those of the most -striking character. If Causality and Comparison are large, will possess -a ready power of reasoning and classification, but will be wanting in -facts and details to sustain his own opinions. He will be more given to -reason than narration, and will collect facts more for the purpose of -illustrating his arguments, than the pleasure of acquiring them. - -Small.--With Eventuality small, one will be decidedly deficient in his -recollection of facts and incidents, and will be dull and incurious. He -will be enabled to follow any occupation requiring a close attention to -details. In narrating, he will be unable to recollect any but the most -striking points. - - -10. TIME. - -This organ gives the ability to observe and recollect the lapses of -time. It also confers the power of keeping time in music and dancing. - -Predominant.--With Time predominant, one will possess an astonishing -facility in recollecting dates, the ages of individuals, time at which -occurrences have taken place, and the lapses of time generally. - -Large.--With Time large, one will readily recollect the date of -transactions that have come under his attention, will be fond of -history, and will especially recollect the precise time of each event. -He will be enabled to perform an action at the given word of command. -If in the habit of dancing, will excel, and take great delight in that -amusement. He will be able to judge the hour of the day, without the -aid of a time piece, with accuracy. - -Moderate.--With Time moderate, one will recollect none but the most -important dates. If Eventuality is large, will be fond of history, but -will generally forget the time of transactions, and thus want clearness -in his historical knowledge. He will often forget the day of the week -and even his own age. - -Small.--With this organ small, one will be nearly deficient in the -attributes ascribed to its functions. - - -11. TUNE. - -This organ gives the taste for music, and makes its possessor take a -high degree of pleasure in listening to musical performances. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, one will have an exquisite -taste for music, will make any sacrifices to enjoy the pleasure it -imparts, and will readily catch and learn tunes almost by intuition. - -Large.--With this organ large, one will have a superior taste for -music, and will easily learn tunes, and if his voice be good, will -easily learn to sing. If Ideality is large, his performances will be -rich and pathetic. - -Moderate.--With this organ moderate, one will possess a considerable -taste for music, and with a good voice and large Imitation, may learn -to sing from hearing others, but can never excel. - -Small.--With this organ small, one may be fond of music of particular -kinds to which he has been accustomed, but this will not enable him to -learn or practice music. - - -12. LANGUAGE. - -The function of this organ is to enable its possessor to express his -ideas in appropriate language, and thus to communicate thoughts and -sentiments. The talent of verbal memory depends on this organ. - -Predominant.--Those in whom this organ predominates abound with -words. They talk merely for the sake of talking, and their style in -writing and speaking is characterized by great verbosity. In ordinary -conversation they will use a great multitude of words to express a -common idea, and will be distinguished among their acquaintance as -intolerable talkers. They will be able to commit words to memory with -readiness, and will recollect forms of expression, where otherwise the -idea would escape them. - -Large.--With Language large, one will possess the qualities to a -great extent that are ascribed to Language predominant. With large -Individuality, Form, Locality and Eventuality, will be enabled to -relate with great accuracy the conversation of a speaker, his looks, -tones and actions, and will readily recall the precise words used. -He will possess great ability to acquire knowledge, and will be -distinguished for copiousness, ease and volubility of expression. If -Causality and Comparison are moderate or small, his ideas will be -of a crude, imperfect character, yet he will converse incessantly -nevertheless. With Comparison large, his knowledge of language will be -superior, but if Comparison is small his words will often be incorrect -and applied in a wrong sense. - -Moderate.--With Language but moderate on ordinary occasions, one will -be wanting in powers of expression, and to express his ideas with -fluency and effect, he will require much excitement. If Causality and -Comparison are large, with a large and active brain, he will have many -important ideas, but they will lose much of their cogency for want -of more appropriate expressions. With Secretiveness large, he will be -rather taciturn and indisposed for conversation. - -Small.--With Language small, one will be unable to express any but the -most common ideas without hesitation and embarrassment. He will find it -difficult and almost impossible to commit to memory, and his style of -speaking and writing will be dry and common place; talking will be to -him a burthen. - - - - - REFLECTIVE FACULTIES. - - -1. CAUSALITY. - -This organ observes the relation of cause and effect, and discriminates -between actions and the causes which produce them. It enables an -individual to adopt the requisite means to effect any end. It is the -active element in every effort of reflection, and is the grand source -of thought and originality of mind. - -Predominant.--With Causality predominant, an individual will be -distinguished for his proneness to thought, and utility to speculate -and discuss abstractions. Whatever subject is suggested, or point -discussed, he will be liable to enquire for reasons and causes. He will -be given much more to reflection than observation. - -Large.--With Causality large, one will be enabled readily to perceive -the relation between an effect and the cause which produced it. -He will be distinguished for gravity and thoughtfulness of mind; -and will possess much sagacity, penetration, and originality. With -Conscientiousness, Veneration and Marvellousness large, and the -selfish propensities moderate or small, he will be much given to moral -investigations, and to reading and conversing upon subjects connected -with general utility and public morals. With Combativeness large, he -will be inclined to argument and disputation. With the Perceptive -organs but moderate, he will pay more attention to principles than -facts, and will be guided more by reason and experience. - -Moderate.--With Causality moderate, and with proper culture, one may -possess good judgment and a reasoning turn of mind, but he will be -destitute of originality and force of thought. In an occupation or -course of life to which he has been accustomed, he will conduct with -prudence and propriety, but will be deficient in the necessary power -to devise means for extraordinary operations, lay new plans, and to -carry into effect important operations. With large Individuality, -Imitation and Love of Approbation, and small Self-esteem, he will be -destitute of any marked characteristics of his own, and will readily -adapt himself to the views and opinions of his companions. - -Small.--With Causality small, one will be utterly deficient in -originality and force of mind, and will be wanting in that quality -of character which renders men calm, judicious, penetrating and -discerning. With the propensities and sentiments properly balanced, he -will possess discretion, and be enabled to conduct operations to which -he has been accustomed. - - -2. COMPARISON. - -The office of this organ is to enable us to compare differences, to -note resemblances, and to perceive analogies. By it we are enabled -to adapt one thing to another so as to produce a harmonious whole. It -prompts to the use of figurative language in writing and conversation. -Those in whom it is large, trace similitudes and affinities between -objects and events which entirely escape the observation of others in -whom the organ is small. It prompts to reasoning, but not in the line -of necessary consequence. It explains one thing by comparing it with -another. It gives ingenuity in discovering unexpected glimpses and -superficial coincidences. - -Predominant.--With Comparison predominant, one will be enabled to -analyze subjects, and to detect inconsistencies with the greatest -facility and readiness, and will almost intuitively perceive the -misapplication of facts and principles. His expressions will be -characterized by great precision and clearness, and his arguments will -be explained with a great variety of happy illustrations. - -Large.--With Comparison large, one will be strongly given to -criticising and analyzing, and will readily detect fallacies and -improprieties that would escape the observation of those in whom this -organ is small. If Ideality and Individuality are large, his language -will abound with elevated metaphors and figures of speech, but if -Causality is small, his judgment will be defective. If Secretiveness -is small, and Combativeness and Self-esteem large, he will be strongly -inclined to criticise every observation he hears, and will thus excite -enmity and ill-will. With large Eventuality and Individuality, will -have a great taste for the study of natural science, and will be -extremely fond of classifying their phenomena, and of comparing the -various qualities of physical objects with each. He will likewise be -fond of the study of history, and will habitually compare and classify -the various transactions with those of similar characteristics. If the -Perceptive organs generally are large and Causality small, he will be -possessed of good practical talents, but will be devoid of originality -of mind. He will be calculated to succeed in a course of life in which -he has the example of able men, but he will be utterly unable to -deviate from the beaten road and assume the lead for himself. - -Moderate.--With Comparison but moderate, one’s powers of analyzation -and criticism will not be conspicuous. With an active brain and a -favourable intellect generally, he will be enabled to perceive the -force of figurative language, and will often indulge in it, but his -metaphors will lack force and appropriateness. With Individuality and -Eventuality large, will possess a great store of facts, but will be -unable to arrange and classify them. If Causality is large, he will -readily perceive the errors in an argument, but he will lack the power -to point out and apply the exact replication. - -Small.--One having Comparison small, will be excessively dull, and will -lack discernment and discrimination. The most obvious resemblances can -hardly be made manifest to him. - - - - - TEMPERAMENTS. - - -The term Temperament, says a late writer, is applied to those -differences of external appearance which are supposed to indicate -the comparative state of the fibres of the body as they are more or -less dense, or as possessing one of the functions of life in greater -activity, or one of the constituents of the animal body in greater -quantity than another; or in short, certain states or conditions of the -body, which are found to exercise more or less influence in exciting or -repressing the action of the organs. - -The Temperaments as they are usually enumerated, are four in number, to -wit: the Lymphatic; the Sanguine; the Bilious; and the Nervous. - -In persons of a Lymphatic Temperament, the brain is sluggish and -performs its functions in a feeble but steady manner. The individual -is averse to severe exertion, and requires much stimuli to move him. As -a general rule, he will be averse to either mental or bodily activity. - -Those of a Sanguine Temperament are easily excited, and easily -depressed, fond of pleasure, and averse to severe exertions. They live -for the present, rather than the future. The actions of the mind are -quick, rather than powerful. - -Persons of a Bilious Temperament are determined, persevering and -ambitious in their character and disposition. Their every movement -and aspect indicates decision of purpose. Their mental operations are -vigorous and powerful. - -Persons of a Nervous Temperament, are very sensitive, and are easily -excited. Their mental operations are rapid, but they are soon exhausted. - - -THE END. - - - - - Transcriber’s notes: - -Archaic spellings have been retained. - -A number of typographical errors have been corrected silently. - -"5." has been added to the heading of Concentrativesness for consistency. - -Some commas and semi-colons were changed to semi-colons and commas where -there was evidence they were inconsistent. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGY SIMPLIFIED *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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