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| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-01-23 02:59:34 -0800 |
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| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-01-23 02:59:34 -0800 |
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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fac187 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65147 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65147) diff --git a/old/65147-0.txt b/old/65147-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 231c30c..0000000 --- a/old/65147-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13116 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The English Secretary; or, Methode of -Writing Epistles and Letters (1599), by Angel Day - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The English Secretary; or, Methode of Writing Epistles and - Letters (1599) - -Author: Angel Day - -Release Date: April 23, 2021 [eBook #65147] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Greg Lindahl, Robert Tonsing, Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe and - the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ENGLISH SECRETARY; OR, METHODE -OF WRITING EPISTLES AND LETTERS (1599) *** - - - - - THE - ENGLISH - _SECRETARY_, - OR - _Methode_ of writing of - _Epistles_ and _Letters_: - - WITH - A declaration of such _Tropes_, _Figures_, - and _Schemes_, as either vsually or for - ornament sake are therin required. - - Also the parts and office of a - _Secretarie_, - - Deuided into two bookes. - - Now newly reuised and in many parts corrected - and amended: - - By Angel Day. - - _AT LONDON_ - Printed by _P. S._ for _C. Burbie_ and are - to be sold at his shop, at the Royall - Exchange. 1599. - - - - - To the right Honorable, Edward - _de_ Vere, _Earle of_ Oxenford, _Vicount_ Bul- - becke, _Lord_ Standford _and of_ Badlesmere, - and Lord great Chamberlaine of - _England_. - - -It is now a fewe yeares passed (Right Honourable, & my very good Lord) -since emboldned by your faour, this booke rudely digested, and then -roughly deliuered, I did in the very nonage thereof recōmend vnto your -Patronage. And howbeit at that time, very little therin appeared worthy -so honourable acceptance: yet pleased it your L. the same should then -passe vnder your fauourable countenance. - -To answer so great bountie therein shewed, I haue naught but my simple -acknowledgement: and in signification of the will I haue to do vnto -your Lordship any acceptable seruice, no other matter in shew, then -a fresh renouation of the selfe same title by an other presentment, -howbeit in far more orderly manner then formerly was deliuered. - -Your Lordship may please of your owne ennobled condition to well -dooing, in pardoning the presumption of the former, to vouchsafe your -liking to this latter, wherein (notwithstanding the title all one) -yet shall you finde the worke both in order, habit and shape, to be -diuersly chaunged. - -To excuse the defecte of the one, or enlarge my paines taken in -publishing the other, were on either part needlesse: seeing my desire -in both, hath principally sorted to one self meaning: If your L. find -ought herein answerable to your iudgmēt, it is inough: and the vsers -shall thereby (I hope) finde more cause to be satisfied. The wisest of -all ages, haue not at one instant collected their experience: _Plato_ -in his first original was nothing so diuine: _Socrates_ in his cradle -had no taste of his after wisdome: _Hercules_ past many yeres ere he -grew famed by his labors, & onely vse and practize enableth vnto the -greatest perfection. - -This being so, It will, I trust, seeme in me a matter the more -pardonable, to haue aduentured as I did the formost of this purposed -labor, regarding that by a reuew of the same it hath now receiued some -shape and proportion. Such as it is I humblie recommend as before, vnto -your honorable liking. And for my selfe do remaine, alwaies - - _By your honorable L. to be commanded_, - - Angel Day. - - - - - To the learned and courteous - _Readers in generall_. - - -Gentlemen, _When I do begin first to speake vnto you in this action, -me thinks, you doe espie in me the parts of an ill_ Scholler, _who in -all his dooinges, is forced to craue pardon, but hardly findeth the way -that may purchase vnto him selfe the benefite of such a pardon._ - -_In reformation, two notable instances are held the which as I conceiue -do craue allowance, though no prerogatiue in wel doing, and these are -for a man to finde his defect, and secondly to haue a will to amend it._ - -_I will assure you, though I be not gratious, I would be loath to seeme -gracelesse and this benefite I will haue to gaine your allowance, that -I will blush for mine errors, where I fault in abilitie, I will shew -you my will: And when in all I cannot cleare me from your censures, yet -shall your courteous forbearance be in me no waies misprised._ - -_I haue to foretime as now still trauelled with the gardener, who -first throweth vp his earth on a rude heape, the scattereth it, after -smootheth it, next squareth it, & lastly bringeth it into knots and -workmanship, before which you know, there are many weeds, loose -hearbes, grasses, sticks, and rubbish to be picked vp & thrown out: -And then and not before beginneth his worke to drawe towards the -perfection._ - -_As he so I, at the first threw vp this groundwork in a heape, and -onely did scatter it: after, and hether vnto I haue endeuored to -smooth and to square it, picking out thereof many thinges which lay to -too much disordered. It onely now wanteth to be labored on by a more -curious workmanship, but because it is my garden plat, & my prouision -is too small to perfect on a sodaine so spacious a ground worke, I -will temporize with those duties, which either by time may in me be -supported or by a greater hability in others may happilie hereafter be -performed._ - -_Now because it is in all omissions the greatest omission not to bee -thankefull for courtesies, I will acknowledge that as you haue hitherto -benignly delt with me in the suruey of these labours, so haue you bound -mee the more vnto you by your fauourable censures. And yet if after -this continued trauell vnto this present, you either in mine or in -the printers escapes find any thing blame worthy, couer it I pray you -as before you haue done with the vaile of your courtesie. The copies -before this, haue bene I confesse erroniously many wayes deliuered, and -this by the blottings and interlinings had in the former amendements -hath peraduenter also his escapes or mistakings: If any be, they are -fewe I hope, and therefore the more easie to be tollerated. Onely -correct where fault is, and the printer and I shalbe beholding vnto -you._ - -_Hauing thus performed for my selfe what vnto your worthines stoode -meete to be considered, giue mee now leaue I pray you, touching the -order and course in this |Methode| hereafter obserued, to say somthing -to them which therby are to take any benefit or profite. In which -case, the learner is circumspectly with himselfe to consider, the -seuerall rules in the particular chapters preceeding the orders of -those |Epistles|, in such sort as afterwards they are distinguished, & -therein see, what to the better ordering and principall direction, of -whatsoeuer hee shall take in hand to write, is there (for his better -instruction) enioyned. By diligent animaduersion wherof, he shall the -better vnderstand the seuerall natures and properties, that in the -parts of euery |Epistle|, are ordinarily to be required, besides the -vse of them in their seueral places, and what force they beare, being -so sorted out, according to their speciall purposes and directions._ - -_Next, for the better inducement and leading him into a plaine and -perfect platforme of this |Methode| following, & to the intent he may -as neere as may be, or as his capacitie (at leastwise) may any waies -reach vnto, knowe (skilfully, & not by rote) how or in what sort he -shall happen to doe either well or ill, I haue first (in a preamble -or intermixed discourse, either preceeding or interchangeably passing, -before or with the kindes of euery sorte of |Epistles|) declared the -properties and vse of those |Epistles|, vpon what parts and places, -they and euery of them doo consist, with what vehemencie or lesse -application they are to bee inforced or quallified, so that he who -seemeth to haue least knowledge at all (be it that he haue perseuerance -to conceiue or to distinguish the parts he seeth there laid out before -his eyes) may with great facilitie, attaine to whatsoeuer, herein -prescribed, or by the circumstance thereof intended to be in any sort -deliuered._ - -_To the greater ornament whereof, I haue applied a number of |Figures, -Schemes|, and |Tropes| in the margent of euery |Epistle|, euen with -the places where they are vsed. And at the end of this worke, haue set -them altogither, and therein explaned to the Learners view, and for his -readier vse, their particular natures and qualities, to the end that -they who (being vnlearned,& hauing a pretie conceit of inuention of -themselues) haue heretofore vnknowing done well, may see how with skill -and discretion hereafter to pursue the same, & the ignorant also hereof -whose reach hath not been so ample as others, may be thereby informed -what vnto well doing is most consonant and agreeing._ - -_Now, for the readier finding of those |Epistles|, as each of their -kindes are suted forth in sundrie |Examples|: Peruse but the head of -euery page and there you shall find what in the same page is contained, -|viz.| Where the |Epistles| be, you shall haue them noted in their -kindes, as Epistles |Hortatorie|, |Dehortatorie|, |Swasorie|, or -|Disswasorie|, &c. And likewise in the admixtions, you shall finde -|Places| or |Parts Hortatorie|, |Commendatorie|, |Petitorie|, &c. as -they fall out to be handled._ - -_This booke thus shewing these parts before remembred, I haue termed -as you see by the name of |The Secretorie|, being in the consideration -thereof nothing ignorant what great perfection is to be required in -such a one, by whose title the same is deliuered, neither supposing the -matter herein contained to appeare so sufficient, as perfectly thereby -to enable what in the same function is to bee required, but because -the orderly writing of Letters, being a principall part belonging to -a |Secretorie|, is by the |Method|: hereof deliuered to any Learners -capacitie whereout the Scholler or any other that is vnfurnished of the -knowledge thereof, may gather ayde and furtherance, I haue therefore -endeuored to tearme it by the name of |Secretarie|._ - -_These with my willing minde, and desire of well doing herein, I doo -present to the generall and friendly regarde of all, wishing that in -courtesie they repute of my trauels, as formost of all other things, -I therein respected their benefites. In affoording whereof, they -shall doo no more then belongeth to good mindes, and encourage me by -whatsoeuer other meanes hereafter, to gratifie their fauours._ - - - - - The English - Secretorie. - - - Of an Epistle, the commodities and vse thereof. - Chap. 1. - -=Forasmuch as we haue herein endeuoured to lay downe a platforme or -method for writing of Epistles. It shall not be amisse, that following -the order of all other writers, wee first define vnto you what an -Epistle is. An Epistle therefore, is that which vsually we in our -vulgar, doe tearms a Letter, and for the respectes thereof is called -the messenger, or familiar speach of the absent, for that therein -is discouered whatsoeuer the minde wisheth in such cases to haue -deliuered. The diuersities of Epistles are manifold, as wherof ensueth -a platforme to euerie motion, being in truth so infinite as are yᵉ -imaginations of each ones fantasie, seeing the declaration of euerie -letter, is no more then what the minde willeth in all occasions to -be perfourmed, and according to such instigations wherewith at that -instant men are fed when they write, taketh his formall substance, -whether it be to require, counsel, exhort, command, informie, commend, -entreat, aduertise, gratulate, or whatsoeuer other purpose therein -pretended, as cause and matter maie fall out to be required. The -antiquity is as ancient as the benefite that therof ensueth is great, -whereof onlie those that are sufficientlie enabled with the qualitie, -can giue the greatest testimonie. Needelesse were it for me to commend -the vse, when aswell by the authorities of a number the best learned, -who to aduance the efficacie thereof, haue in sundrie languages -prescribed rules and methods for the same, as of others besides, whose -most excellent writings of Epistles are at this present extant, it is -most plentifully aduanced. And although pregnant wit ensuing by nature -was the foremost cause that first bred the inuention of Letters, and -that euery one naturally can speake, or in some sort or other set down -their meaning: yet Art preuailing in the cause, and by cunning skill -marshalling euery thing in his due order, place and proportion, how -much more the same is then beautified, adorned, and as it were in a new -shape transmuted by such kind of knowledge, the difference that dailie -appeareth may yeeld proofe sufficient.= - - - - - What is chiefelie to be respected in framing - of an Epistle. _Chap. 2._ - - -=Forasmuch as by the necessarie vse of Letters before laid downe, -a commendable maner of writing and framing the same hath bene -already remembred: It shall not bee amisse, that in this Chapter -we now endeuour to answere the purpose therein pretended. For the -manifestation whereof, I haue thought good to drawe vnto your -consideration certaine principall points, which thereunto are -speciallie to be required: first, |Aptnes of words| and |sentences|, -respecting that they be neate and choiselie picked, and orderly -handled: next, |Breuity of speach|, according in matter and -circumstance fitlie to be framed: lastly, |Comlines in deliuerance|, -concerning the person and cause, whereupon the direction is grounded.= - -=The first, being |Aptnesse of wordes and sentences|, consisteth in -choice and good tearmes, in skilful and proper application of them -according to their true meanings, in wel sorting and fitting them, to -their seuerall purposes. |Choise| and good tearmes, are in words vsual, -and plain for the matter in deliuerie, not improper nor new coined, -nor too olde, as hauing not of long time before bene vsed. |Skilfull -application| is, when in their setting down they haue either their true -& proper signification for deliuery, or else by a more delicate or -pleasant inuenton may be caried conceitedly. |Well sorting & fitting -them|, resteth in the matter in handling, that therein be a concordance -with their applications, whereof may ensue a due construction, and no -disorderlie mistaking.= - -=The next, being |Breuity of speach|, is not as some vndiscreetlie -haue imagined, that which consisteth in fewnes of lines, & shortnes -of roome in shew of a side of paper, but breuitie of matter, wherein -scope sufficient remaining for the necessary demonstration and -deliuerie of any needfull occasion, men are barred from friuolous -circumstances, and inioined therin to abhorre all maner of tediousnes: -For which cause some haue beene of opinion, that continuance of matter -ought not to be vsed in an |Epistle|, for that it thereby looseth the -shew of an |Epistle|, and taketh vpon it the habit of an Oration: Yet -of such sort are in this method sundry Epistles, the titles wherof -are, |Hortatorie|, |Dehortatorie|, |Laudatorie|, |Vituperatorie|, -|Suasorie|, |Petitorie|, |Monitorie|, |Accusatorie|, |Excusatorie|, -|Consolatorie|, |Inuectiue| and such like, whose speciall vses do of -necessitie admit such scope as in euerie ordinarie Epistle is not -found, and though they beare in them many |Oratorie| parts, yet lose -they not at all for that, neither name nor habit of an |Epistle|. The -tolleration and ordinarie vse of which, both examples of many learned, -and common custome hath warranted. And therfore, when to be briefe -it is herein inioyned, it is alwayes thereby to be intended, that a -man with onelie necessarie speeches may bee permitted to deliuer his -meaning, neither is it without the limits of breuitie, when aptlie and -at full the same shall be in this sort reported.= - -=And for the better declaration, howe farre the conceit hereof may be -induced only in writing of Letters, I will first limit what may be -accounted necessarie therein, and afterwards endeuour to lay downe, -howe contrarie thereunto, men (aswell in the vse, as in neglecting -thereof) haue heretofore erred. Necessarie speeches, I do account -whatsoeuer is set downe, for the plaine and open deliuerie of euerie -occasion, to the intent the minde of the writer, and what he pursueth -may aptly and in good and ready sort be conceiued. The repugnancie -hereof is when either with too much curtalling our arguments, in -conceit to auoyde tediousnes, or with too manie or ouer often -repetitions, neuer thinking to haue spokē sufficiently, either to -induce remembrance, or put forward our meaning, we abbreuiate or -amplifie our Epistles. And when some others also, of a conceit more -curious than necessarie, striuing to excell in varietie of sentences, -and copie of words, coyned all of one sute, thinke therfore in paining -themselues to write more than needeth, to be counted more eloquent. -These falling out to bee imperfections, as each of them are in truth to -bee blamed, so where the defect remaineth, are they (for well writing) -with studie to be amended.= - -=The third and last nowe being |Comelinesse in deliuerance touching the -person and cause|, séemeth to bee tied vnto two seuerall respects: that -is, to the reputation of the partie to whome wee write, his condition, -age, honour, and disposition, and to the fitnes of the matter whereof -we take vpon vs to write: for as it is most decent that in the matter -we make choice of, we giue vnto euerie cause his proper and orderly -effect: so is it euery way as conuenient to afford a like _Decorum_ of -those to whome our letters are directed.= - -=The reputation of each partie, is measured according to his dignitie -or worthinesse, whereby hee beareth reckoning and place before vs. -The condition, by the age or maner of liuing, wherein resteth either -grauitie or youthfulnesse. The humour by the disposition, as whether -desirous to be reuerenced, fawned on, or with plaine termes vsed. By -this reason, the methode or stile of our letters falleth out diuerslie -to be considered: in one sort we frame them to olde men, in an other -sort to young men, one way to sad and graue persons, another to light -and yong fellowes: one platforme to Courtiers, another to Philosophers. -To great and notable personages, with a dutie speciall, appropriate -to their calling: To our betters, alwayes with submission: To our -inferiours, benignly and fauourably: To our friends, louinglie: To our -enemies sharplie and nippinglie. Thus farre as touching the person, and -now for the cause.= - -=In this point it séemeth that the matter of euerie writing should -still be measureed according to the writers apparance, credit or -worthines, that the validity thereof should be answerable to the one -or the others greatnes, or goodnesse: that the intendment be sound, -lawfull, and to no euill purposes: that it containe not base, filthie, -or scurrile matter, vnbeséeming a direction so worthie. Then that -euerie thing to bee written of should bee deliuered according to his -proper qualitie: Termes more officious than beséeming, are vnfitting: -not sufficientlie to consider of each reputation, were ouer homelie. A -matter of grauitie is to bee deliuered with waight: a matter of sorrowe -should be reported with griefe: a matter of pastime, to be discoursed -with pleasure: a matter of folly, intermingled with laughter. Now -contrariwise, to a person sorrowfull to write of iests, to talke -learnedly to a clowne, to salute an olde man with childish fantasies: -in cases of waight, to aduance trifles: were altogither as improper as -peeuish, and more absurd than fitteth to be tollerated in anie skilfull -vsage.= - -[Sidenote: Words improper and impugning the sense.] - -[Sidenote: Errors commō to the learned, as well as to the vnlearned.] - -=And because I haue taken vpon me some distinguishments of writing, -wherein I speciallie stand vpon choise and meete termes and spéeches, -with proper applications: I thinke it not amisse to set down vnto you -some shew of the contrarie inurements, wherby you may with the greater -discretion conceiue the error thereof, the which I haue sometimes -noted in other mens writings; And first, of vnséemly applications: -as for example: one that sometimes intended not a litle of his owne -inuention, tooke vpon him to write a loue letter to a woman of verie -meane reckoning, in which, after he had drawne (God |Cupid| by the -name of the blinded boy) by those parts of fauor that neuer were in -her, and shewed himselfe much passionat for the loue he ought to her, -he concludeth the meatter in this sort. |Thus crauing your lawfull -beneuolence, in not mee reiecting, your answere comfortable and not -intollerable, &c.| The woman not accustomed to such hote intertainment, -and rather bluntlie before time pursued, then daintilie intreated, -beganne here vpon (forsooth) to waxe coy, and to intende great matter -of her self, and vaunting her fauour at a higher rate then he belike -séemed afterwarde willing to become a purchaser of, remained as she -was, and himselfe at his more profitable studies. The conclusion of his -letter was verie improper, insomuch as requiring liking by the name of -|Beneuolence|, hee both misprised his owne demand, and séemed to induce -a word more sounding to a charitable reliefe, or curteous contribution -of money, then to anie such purpose as he meant it. Besides, |your -answere comfortable, and not intollerable|. If these had passed in -a iest, it had béene more conuenient, but vsed |bona fide|, it was -too bad, especiallie respecting the partie what she was, from whome -one would haue supposed that such a one as himself, could neuer haue -receiued (but by too much tolleration) any discontentment at all. This -errour we see is not onelie common to the vnlearned, for as well this -one, who in his profession (as I was informed by him that shewed me the -letter) was well reputed of, but also some of the forwarder sort, onlie -by affectation of words, which they haue vsed, haue béene misliked, -and yet learned ynough. Among which a Doctor of Physicke long since, -intending to be verie eloquent in words, and such as euery Carter -should not conceiue of, began an Epistle to a booke by him published in -this sort: wherein secondly appeareth this errour of old improper or -new coyned termes, and this was the forme.= - -[Sidenote: A ridiculous maner of writing.] - -[Sidenote: Vrbanitie and exasperate vnproperlie placed.] - -Egregious Doctours and Maisters of the eximious and Archane Science of -Physicke, of your Vrbanitie exasperate not your selues agaynst mee, for -making of this little volume of Physicke. Considering that my pretence -is for an vtilitie and a Common-wealth. And this not onelie, but also I -doe it for no detriment, but for a preferment of your laudable Science, -that euerie man should esteeme, repute, and regarde the excellent -facultie. And also you to bee extolled and highlie preferred, that -hath and dooth studie, practise and labour this saide Archane Science, -to the which none inartious persons, can nor shall attaine to the -knowledge: yet notwithstanding fooles and insipient persons, yea and -manie the which doth think themselues wise (the which in this facultie -be fooles indeed) will enterprise to smatter, &c. =Was there euer seene -from a learned man a more preposterous & confused kind of writing, -farced with so many and such odde coyned tearmes in so little vttering? -But surely, the man did it of a great conceite, for as appeareth by -the course of all his Epistle following, his wittes were so pestered -with an angrie mislike of the bad demeanor of some vnlearned vsers of -his science (as he thought with himselfe) that euerie botcher should -not be able to vent him, but hee should bee a man of some reach at -least that should finde him. Neuerthelesse howe wise so euer stood -his imaginations: this one thing doe I knowe, that diuerse to whome -I haue shewed the booke haue verie heartilie laughed in perusing the -parts of his writing. For these |egregious|, |eximious|, |vrbanitie|, -and |exasperate|, although the wordes be in some sort tollerable, -yet because anie of them are amongst vs verie rarelie vsed, and in -this writing two of them especially very vnproperly placed, the maner -thereof soundeth (in mine opinion) nothing pleasant. Insomuch as -|exasperate| is properly to set him in a farther rage, that is alreadie -furiously bent in a thing, and besides, by the action of another man -then himselfe who as it were of a resolute will and meaning, would goe -about to procure it, so that it maie be well saide, |hee did exasperate -his furies the more, by inducing such a speach, or such an acte:| but -it cannot bee so properlie deliuered to saie, |exasperate not your -selfe for such a thing|, especiallie when I am not therewith so much as -in anie mislike alreadie, which no man canne at anie time bee, without -he first knowe an occasion: your |Vrbanitie| likewise being deriued -of the Latine worde |Vrbanus|, which is ciuile, courteous, gentle, -modest, or well ruled, as men commonlie are in Cities and places of -good gouernement, whereof that worde taketh his originall, the worde -is not common amongst vs, nor so apt to the sense as if hee had saide, -|your curtesie, your modestie|, and so it might run thus, |Let not your -curtesies be agreeued against me|, or, |Let it not be offensiue to your -modesty, that for the benefite of a great manie, I haue published this -volume of Physicke|. The grounde was verie good, for his intendment -was, that the cause belonged to a common wealth, wherein if anie -particular commoditie seemed to be lessened, wise men and such as were -more studious of their Countries good, then of their owne peculiar -gaine, ought not to be offended. Then saith he: |And this not only, but -also I doe it for no detriment, &c.| What confused deliuerance is this? -How much more orderlie thus, which soundeth also more to his meaning. -|And this also respected, in that I doe it not for anie detriment vnto -you, but for a preferment of your laudable science|. Then his comming -in with |arcane science, inartious fooles and insipient persons|, had -it not beene lesse improper, if hee had saide |profounde science, -and vnskilfull or vnlearned|, for |inartious|, and to haue contented -himselfe with his |fooles|, without adding to the same |insipient -persons|. Lastlie he proceedeth: |And many the which dooth thinke -themselues wise (the which in this facultie are fooles indeede) will -enterprise, &c.| Here is |the which| and |the which|, a phrase neuer -with vs accustomed, nor with anie good writer in his time (which was -not manie yeares since) the sence whereof might in this sort more -plainelie bee deliuered. |And many who in their owne opinion doe seeme -verie wise (but therein are in truth verie fooles) will enterprise, -&c.| But of this ynough, for that I thinke it nowe high time to proceed -to the rest, these two exemples being sufficient to admonish the -learner, of the congruitie of his speaches and sentences, with good -phrases that bee most agreeing to the meaning, and not improperlie, to -be deliuered, whereby he shall auoid the like errour, and absurditie -in conueiance hereby expressed, and already so much reprehended.= - - - - - Of the habite and parts of an Epistle. _Cap. 3._ - - -[Sidenote: Character of an Epistle generall.] - -[Sidenote: Epistles distinguished into generall and speciall.] - -[Sidenote: Letters general are familar.] - -[Sidenote: Letters special.] - -[Sidenote: Difference of stile.] - -=Seeing an Epistle hath chieflie his definition herof, in that it -is tearmed the familiar and mutuall talke of one absent friende to -another: it seemeth the Character thereof, shoulde according thereunto -bee simple, plaine, and of the lowest and meanest stile, vtterlie -deuoid of anie shadow of hie and loftie speaches: yet neuerthelesse, -for so much as in the argument of a great manie of them (whose -seuerall distinctions hereafter shall appeare) is required (as I said -before) a more high and loftie deliuerance, partaking manie waies -with that kinde accustomed in Orations, and is therefore accordinglie -to be necessarilie furnished with the pointes thereunto incident: we -will for the present, sort all kinde of Epistles onelie into these -two maner of differences, the one part whereof shall be said to be -general, and the other speciall. Under this title of generall shall bee -comprehended all such, as either for fashions sake, custome, dutie, -curtesie, or other familiaritie do ordinarilie passe from one part to -another, rather of a pleasant conceit, or some other more district or -seuere motion, then of anie extraordinarie cause, forme, or substance -in either of them contained. Such are those as whome either long -acquaintance, or ancient familiaritie, haue caused enterchangeablie to -haue performed: or fatherly reuerence, and seruile dutie haue bound, by -graue authoritie ouer children, kindred or seruants, accustomablie to -be continued. These, for the common and ordinarie matter in euerie of -them vsed, being vtterly exempt from anie waight or grauitie at all, -are rightlie tearmed by the name of familiar letters. They nowe that -be speciall are such, the matter of whome (as I said before) doe admit -both higher stile, and more orderlie deliuerance, according to the -waight of the argument, in anie of them to bee handled: and for this -cause are tearmed speciall, as bearing in them a resolute purpose and -intendment seriouslie to discourse vpon, to answere, mittigate or auoid -any certain matter or causes, importing the present affairs whereupon -the direction is framed. Of them also are certaine diuisions, learnedly -by skilfull Authours, that heretofore haue beene distinguished, the -titles whereof I doe omit, in another place then this more opportune to -be hereafter remembred. These as they are from the others manie waies -estranged in their seuerall argumentes: so vnto the conueiance and -expressing of their causes appertaineth both other order, and diuers -partes in them (then in the residue) more fullie to be considered. In -whose composition, that there maie be a platforme gathered of a more -certaine proceeding, we wil as others haue thought meet, distinguish -their seuerall parts as they fall out to be borrowed in an oration.= - -[Sidenote: Inuention.] - -[Sidenote: Disposition.] - -[Sidenote: Eloquution.] - -[Sidenote: Helps to Inuention and Eloquution.] - -=In such kind therefore of Epistles, rightly and with good skil to be -handled, the learner shal vnderstand, that there are three things, by -meanes whereof, for the needfull expressing and orderlie deliuerie of -anie matter whatsoeuer, he must of necessitie be furnished. |Inuention| -first, wherein plentifullie is searched and considered, what kind of -matter, how much varietie of sentences, what sorts of figures, how -many similitudes, what approbations, diminutions, insinuations and -circumstances are presentlie needefull, or furthering to the matter in -handling. Then, |Disposition|, whereby is orderlie, cunninglie, and -perfectlie laid downe and disposed, euerie matter and cause in his due -order, proportion and place. Thirdlie, |Eloquution|, whose efficacie in -speaches, neate, pure and elegant, is in the other Chapter vnder aptnes -of words sufficientlie alreadie described. The first and the last of -these three, as they are greatlie put forwarde by nature, which in some -being farre more curious of imitation and studie of the best, then in -other some, whose will and conceit alike, doe (by a verie instinct) -affect and couet far more baser purposes: so besides the furtherance -continuallie atchieued by often vse of reading, shall herein be -greatlie holpen, in that for the selfe same purpose, and to the intent -the learner maie as well in his natiue tongue, know the right vse -of figures and Tropes heretofore neuer by him vnderstoode, as also -discerne and vse them, out of others and in his own writings. I haue -at the latter end of this booke, gathered together all such Figures, -Schemes and Tropes hereunto needefull and conuenient, and there haue by -sundrie familiar examples expressed their vses and seuerall effects. -In diligent conceit and aduerting whereof, the vse vnto the practiser -shall in short time bee founde greatlie auaileable, by the benefit -thereby attained.= - -[Sidenote: Stile of Epistles.] - -[Sidenote: Sublime.] - -[Sidenote: Humile.] - -[Sidenote: Mediocre.] - -=Now in as much as |Eloquution| is annexed vnto the stile, which -euermore is also tied to the argument and substance of euerie Epistle: -it is to be regarded what stile maie generallie bee deemed meetest for -the common habit, wherein each of them maie ordinarilie be published. -In the recording whereof, we do find thrée sorts, especiallie in all -kinds of writing and speaking, to haue bene generallie commended. -_Sublime_, the highest and stateliest maner, and loftiest deliuerance -of anie thing that maie bee, expressing the heroicall and mightie -actions of Kinges, Princes, and other honourable personages, the stile -whereof is said to be tragicall swelling in choice, and those the most -haughtiest tearmes, commended, described, amplified and preferred also -by Orators, which manie excellent Figures and places of Rhetorique. -_Humile_, the lowest comicall, and most simple of all others, the -matter whereof is the meanest subiect of anie argument that maie be, -entermedling in common causes, aduertisements and mutuall affectes -of euerie one, the stile whereof sweepeth euen the very grounde it -selfe, and is fittest appropriate to our familiar Letters, for that -in such familiar causes and maners, the same is solely frequented, in -which neuertheless is _Sua faceties et elegantia quædam_ his certaine -kind of elegancie, pleasant and neat conueiance, not altogether to be -sequestred from that kinde of deliuerance. _Mediocre_, a meane betwixt -high and lowe, vehement and slender, too much and too little, as we -saie, in which are expressed histories, Declamations, Comentaries, and -other intermingled actions, not of anie in particular, but of all in -generall, this stile of all others maie be adapted vnto these speciall -kinds of Epistles.= - -[Sidenote: Skilfull vse of writing.] - -[Sidenote: Parts of an Epistle.] - -[Sidenote: Exordium.] - -[Sidenote: Narratio & Propositio.] - -[Sidenote: Confirmatiō.] - -[Sidenote: Confutatiō.] - -[Sidenote: Peroratiō.] - -=Thus then it followeth, that whether we write familiarlie, or -waightilie, we must endeuour as neere as maie bee that each be -perfourmed skilfullie, for that to neither of them maie want learning, -without the knowledge whereof, what ornament can there be at all of -this expected elegancie. The particularities whereof included in these -two titles |Inuention| and |Eloquution|, both Nature and Skill do -put forward as we daily see by a double instruction. This therfore -sufficing for those twain, let vs see what parts are supplied in an -Epistle, succéeding in the other also, and ayding to |Disposition|. -The first place is |Exordium|, a beginning or introduction to the -matter to be written of, which is not always after one sort or fashion, -but in diuerse maners: as sometimes by preamble, wherein either for our -selues, or the cause we write of, or in respect of him, for or to whom -we write, wee studie to win fauor or allowance of the matter, sometimes -by insinuation, wherin couertly, either in respect that the matter -requireth long debatement or that mislike may bee alreadie grounded -in him to whom we direct our letters, we seeke by cunning reasons to -shewe that the case so requiring is tollerable: or in the other, that -rather equity then selfe opinion must and ought chieflie to be weighed. -Sometimes by a similitude, wherein by manifesting the like of that we -take in hand to haue bene commenced, tollerated, or equally censured, -wee intend the same, or lesse force in our selues, at their hands -to bee borne withall or accepted, and diuerse other wayes besides, -as in the Epistles following shall be tendred. Then |Narratio|, or -|Propositio|, each seruing to one effect, wherein is declared or -proponed, in the one by plaine tearmes, in the other by inference, -or comparison, the verie substance of the matter whatsoeuer to be -handled. Then |Confirmatio|, wherein are amplified or suggested many -reasons, for the aggrauating or proof of any matter in question. After -|Confutatio|, whereby is diminished, disproued or auoided, whatsoeuer -to bee supposed, obiected or aggrauated. Lastlie, |Peroratio|, in which -after a briefe recapitulation of that which hath beene vrged, the -occasions thereof are immediatelie concluded. These are not altogither -at all times vsed, but some or the most of them as occasion serueth, -either admitted or reiected: besides which, others also are sometimes -remembred. The vse whereof as in sundrie Epistles they may be deemed -necessarie, shall in their seuerall examples hereafter perused, appeare -more euidentlie and largely.= - - - - - Of certaine contents generally incident to all maner - of Epistles. _Chap. 4._ - - -[Sidenote: Maner of salutations.] - -[Sidenote: Epithets.] - -=In writing of Epistles, four especiall contents are alwaies -continuallie incident. The manner of Salutation, an order of taking -leaue or farewell, the Subscription, and the outwarde direction. -Salutations of auncient time were woont to bee fixed, _Quasi omen -faustum_, a signe or inuiting to good hap, in the front or vpper part -of the letter: so did the auncient |Romanes|, and in like manner after -their examples doo at this daie some other nations. But seldome or -neuer (especiallie of the learned and most curious writers) is the -same in our English directions, at any time accustomed. Onelie this, -where letters are directed from one or more of the Councell to an -inferiour Magistrate or person, or from some noble man to such, whom -hee intertaineth not in any estate of societie or equall familiaritie, -the maner of commendations (which with vs is retained for an order -of Salutation or gréeting) runneth lightlie in the beginning of the -Letter, and customablie is deliuered in this forme. |After our heartie -commendations vnto your L.| if it bee from a number of the Counsell -to a Noble man, or otherwise in the singular number vnto an inferiour -person, as thus. |After my heartie commendations vnto you|. But -otherwise writing seriouslie to anie man, the greeting if it be to one -far our better is turned, to an acknowledgment of some kind of dutie, -or reuerent account, and that most commonly at the end of the Letter, -which likewise in equalitie falleth out in such place to be mentioned. -And being in familiarities is to no place tied, but beginning, middle, -or ending of the Letter, all is one, as séemeth most consonant to the -vaine & disposition of the partie, and these also at all times not -deliuered in the selfe worde of gréeting or commendations, but by -diuerse |Epithets|, and fine conueiances, as falleth out to the matter -of the Epistle, and the conditions of the partie to be handled. This -being at the end of the Letter, there shall immediatelie follow the -order of farewell, which ioyning so hard thereupon as it doeth, wee -will put them both in one example of wordes and |Epithets|, togither -with the subscriptions, for the easier instruction of the learner, and -his better remembrance, referring the notes of euerie of them to their -places, where afterwards they are vsed in their seuerall Letters.= - - - - - Diuerse orders of greetings, farewels and sub- - scriptions. _Cap. 5_. - - -[Sidenote: Greetings of humilitie or acknowledgment of dutie.] - -[Sidenote: Greetings familiar.] - -=Acknowledging my selfe deepelie bounde vnto your L. for manie sundrie -fauours: I doe remaine in all humble reuerrence. Finding my selfe manie -wayes beholding vnto your exceeding courtesies, I ende. Remembring -howe much I am indebted vnto your L. for your sundrie benefites: I -conferre the regard thereof to my present imaginations, and doe beseech -thereof at your honourable handes an euerlasting continuance. All -humble loyaltie and seruice protested vnto your honorable calling, I -rest nowe and perpetuallie your L. &c. Fearing in speeches, neuer with -sufficiencie to manifest the conceit I haue of your most honourable -fauours: I solace my selfe with the remembrance, and humblie leaue your -L. to your woonted perseuerance. Praying the Almightie to haue your -L. euermore in his gratious protection, I humblie take my leaue. Your -worship in this, besides manie other occasions hauing perpetuallie -bound mee, how can I but rest such, as you haue expected and shall -euer find me. Eftsoones recording my bounden seruice vnto your worship -and my good Ladie, I remaine as euer before. Not forgetting howe manie -wayes I am charged, in dutifull remembrance towards you, I rest as -I haue protested. More grieued at my mishap and disabilitie, then -wanting either will or liking to doe seruice vnto you: I affix my selfe -euermore vpon the acceptance of your woonted cuʳtesie, and humblie -there withall do take my leaue: Commending the safetie and good estate -of your worship to the Almighties protection, I rest in all dutifull -regard to the same. Rather desirous to shewe my selfe thankful, then -otherwise able in like sort to giue you any requital, I continue, &c. -Binding my self by all possible indeuors, neuer to be fréed from the -charge of so excéeding benefites, I wish I might as I would, be vnto -you in verie deed, &c. Wishing vnto you and yours, as much happinesse, -as my selfe am clogged with carefulnesse, I surcease. Desiring vnto you -no worse successe in these and all other your laudable endeuors, then -my selfe haue eftsoones craued in performance of my chiefest trauels, -I recommend you to the tuition of the Almightie. Not forgetting our -accustomed gréetings and interchangeable welwishings, my hastie Letter -taketh ende. Weighing howe much you are alreadie busied, and not -willing to keepe you further occupied, I ende my long and tedious -discourse, beeing in nothing exempted from woonted salutations, and -accustomed kind of greetings. Thinke not though my haste be such, but -that I remember (notwithstanding all this breuitie) how greatlie I -stand charged both to you and yours, to whome, and all the rest to you -knowne I eftsoones commend me. Reioycing not a little at the health of -you and all other our friends, I hartily bid you fare well. Reiocing -my self on your wel-wishing, and the hope I haue to be returned in -safetie I commend my hap to fortune, and our gouernement to the -Almightie. Rendring vnto you as manie thankes, as I conceiued comfort -of your good intreatings, I leaue to detaine you. Omitting what else -to bee amplified in these or anie other occasions I expect your happie -returne, and in hope thereof doe bid you farewell. Knowing howe well I -loue you, the lesse ceremonies I néede to vse in greeting you, onlie -you shall remember to your parents in most hartie maner to commend mee. -Salute I praie you your friendes in my name, and thinke in my best and -serious wishes I neuer forget you. My father willed me in his behalfe -to salute you, and all the rest of your acquaintance here do most -hartilie greete you. Forget not in what sort I haue heretofore receiued -you, and thinke in the selfe same maner I do still intertaine you. My -gréetings to our friend R. let not bee vnremembred, and deeme that in -all my vowes I haue (vnto you all) most heartilie wished. I had almost -let slip my commendations vnto your brother, which for anie thing I -would not had bene forgotten, vpon whom, as of greatest choic, I will -make my reposing.= - -=The liking I haue to N. maketh mee here to remember him whose good -demeanour as your own, I haue in chiefest reckoning. My gréetings and -paper haue all one ende togither, onelie our friendship indissoluble -can neuer be forgotten.= - -=Thinke how exceedinglie I haue alwaies well wished vnto you, and -accordinglie thereunto measure the rest of mine affections towards -you. Haste compelleth mee to ende sooner than I would, wherin -notwithstanding I can neuer omit sufficientlie to gréete you, eftsoones -recognizing as behooueth, your especall good liking towards me, &c.= - -=Innummerable of these and such like might be imagined both in -greetings and farewels, the course whereof beeing furnished with such -varietie as it is, I haue left the residue vnto the conceit of the -learner, accounting the plentie herein set down, for anie studious -follower to be alreadie sufficient.= - -[Sidenote: Subscriptions.] - -=And now to the Subscriptions, the diuersities whereof are (as best -they may be allotted in sence) to either of these to bee placed, -forwarned alwaies vnto the vnskilfull herein, that writing to anie -person of account, by howe much the more excellent hee is in calling -from him in whose behalfe the Letter is framed, by so much the lower, -shall the subscription thereunto belonging, in any wise be placed.= - -=And if the state of honour of him to whome the Letter shall be -directed doe require so much, the verie lowest margent of paper shall -do no more but beare it, so be it the space bee seemelie for the name, -and the roome fairre inough to comprehend it, which Subscriptions in -all sortes to be handled shall passe in this or the like order or -substance.= - -[Sidenote: Maner and varietie of subscriptions.] - -=Your L. most deuoted and loyallie affected. Your Honours most assured -in whatsoeuer seruices. Your L. in whatsoeuer to be commanded. The most -affectionate vnto your L. of all others. Hee that hath vowed to liue -and die in your Honourable seruice. Your L. most faithfull and obedient -Sonne. Your La. louing and obedient Daughter. Who but by your L. is -onelie to be commaunded. Whose heart is your Honours, and his life by -your L. to be disposed. He that liueth not but for your worship, and -to doe you seruice. Whose regard stretcheth vnto your Worship more -then vnto anie others. He that vnto your worship hath vowed to become -most assured. Whome none haue euer bound so much, as the deserts of -your L. Your L. in all humblenes. Your Honours euer to be commaunded. -At your worships command. Your La. most bounden and affectionate. At -your honourable direction. Alwaies attendant vpon your L. pleasure. -Your worships in all good account. Yours euer louing and most assured. -To none so much as your selfe. Hee that in all accounts tendereth your -welfare. Whome by your onelie curtesie you haue conuinced. The same -which I accept from you, and not otherwise. Such as I am, or as you -wish to finde me. He that in his liking is onlie yours. Whome you -haue euer knowne, but neuer prooued. Whose liking onelie accounteth of -your worthinesse. Such as you haue euer founde me, and not otherwise. -Yours in what soeuer to bee imploied. More chary of your welfare, then -carefull of himselfe. Yours as you like to haue me. Yours faithfull -and euer assured. Yours or not his owne. He who found you, but neuer -knew you. He that once fauoured you, but sithence hath vowed neuer to -regarde you. Whose liking by your ingratitude hath beene quenched. In -whose account you once were, but now abandoned. Who once wished to -loue, but could neuer hate thee. Whom thy deserts haue made an enemie. -Whom hereby you may win, (if you list) for euer to become a friend. -To each one louing, but to the most charie. Whose heart shall faile -in any thing, sooner then in conceit towardes thee. Hée, whose in -loialtie thou didst protest to be. Who liueth not but to pursue thee. -Who euer looked on, but neuer loued thee. The same as you left me. -Such as you saw when you departed from me. The same and none other, -which I haue euer seemed to be. Whose worde hath bounde him, and faith -shall assure him. Yours most affectionate. Yours deuoted till death. -Yours while life swaieth within me. Yours as far forth as anie others. -&c. with manie other applications, whose |Epithets| are infinite, and -rather vpon the cause suggested then otherwise, to bee euermore added, -altered, or conceiued. These and the others may only suffice for the -present purpose, referring what else to be expected, to the regarde of -a more curious or delicate inuention.= - -[Sidenote: Acknowledgemēt of duty in the Exordium.] - -=And herein I thought good to aduertise the learner, that sometimes -it falleth out, that this acknowledgement of dutie, mentioned in the -beginning of the greetings and farewels, is in diuers Letters expressed -in the foremost part, and the |Exordium| thereupon framed: (for that -the same in truth is one of the parts thereunto belonging effected in -the person or condition of him to whom we write) which to doe, if in -his writing also the same maie be deemed necessarie, he maie then vse -some other order of farewell or taking leaue, either by imitation of -others, or if hee thinke meete, what herein else prescribed, consonant -and agreeing to the state and reputation of the same partie to whome -hee writeth. Now then shall followe the directions, which on the -outside of euerie Letter (the same being made vp and sealed) are -alwaies fired, and commonlie are termed by the name of Superscriptions.= - - - - - Of Superscriptions and Directions. _Cap. 6._ - - -[Sidenote: Superscriptions and directions of the Romanes.] - -=Among the auncient Romanes, when learning first grewe vnto skilfull -perfecton, and men first deuised excellentlie to write, then there -began to be extant in memorie, diuers formes of writing immediatlie, by -the name and title of Epistles, to be published to the posterity. In -the directions whereof, animated as I thinke with the vertues of their -parents, and accounting it (as in truth it was then so reputed) to be a -great honour vnto them, to be intituled with the name of the principall -author of their families, they sought no farther stile of magnificence, -but (were his parentage neuer so statelie or honorable) being therewith -contented, did onlie vpon such regard intitle their directions. For who -that hath bin but ordinarilie acquainted with the histories of their -actes, but knoweth and hath read, with what reuerence, those times -(greedy of vertue,) entertained the honorable desertes of such, as for -the common-wealth, and publicke aduancement of the state, had either -aduenturouslie hazarded, or couragiouslie lost a fraile, vncertaine, or -transitorie life, to the intent to purchase vnto their country quiet, -honour, or victorie, and to themselues and posteritie, eternized fame -and euer flourishing glorie. Neither was their country vnkind vnto them -herein, which for their sakes, and for the reuerend regarde of their -vertues, haue compensed the loue which to their parents they could not -shewe, to their children and succession in manie degrées after them.= - -=Such were the families of the |Gracchi|, |Fabij|, |Cornelij|, -|Hortentij|, |Horatij|, |Metelli|, |Amilij|, |Scipiones| and -|Fabritij|. Whereby I coniecture that the custome hereof, by such -emulation adorned, became afterwardes a dignitie, and so succeeded in -honour to euerie posteritie.= - -=These |Romans| therefore, vsed onlie, in the front of their letters -to write first their owne names, titles adoptiue, and surnames, after -that, his to whom they wrote, and lastlie their salutation or maner -of greetings: giuing also like aditions vnto the other as to him -belonged, whether it were by familie, office, or some other dignitie. -And this was the forme. |M. T. Cicero. M. Varoni. Sal. dicit,| or |C. -Cæsar: Comelio Balbo salutem dicit|. But that custome according to -the antiquity of the time, is long since worne out, and these dates -and seasons haue induced vnto vs for euerie estate of calling, a more -statelie reuerence according to the dignitie and worthines of the same.= - -=The reuerend maiesty of Emperours, Kings and Princes, being aduāced -with a more excellency and supreame magnificence. The names of Dukes, -Marquises, Earles, barons and other magistrates, with more solemne and -honourable titles.= - -[Sidenote: Diuersity of Estates.] - -=The offices of estate and places most noble, amplified with larger -honours, and names accordant to their seuerall dignities.= - -=And albeit few are the number, that herein shall be occasioned to -occupy their pen, but (knoweth on almost euerie daie) maie vnderstand -the formall application of euerie personages honour or worship: yet in -so much as all sortes are not perfectlie skilled, nor euerie man liueth -in place so conuenient to vnderstand it, and that it hath beene parcell -of a prescribed order so to doe, by those that haue written the like -methode, I will set downe so manie examples of estates for directions, -as to the matter and purpose hereof maie be adiudged conuenient, -beginning from the highest that are or haue beene latelie accustomed -in our common wealth (the soueraign Maiestie excepted) vnto the meaner -and most ordinary bred, and in present practise amongst vs. And first, -with the dignitie of Archbishop, to whom in this sort we frame our -direction.= - -[Sidenote: Directions to an Archbishop. Bishop. Duke.] - -[Sidenote: L. Chancellor. L. Treasurer. Earles and in office.] - -[Sidenote: Lords knights of the priuie councell.] - -=To the most reuerend Father in God, the L. Archbishop of Canturburie, -or York, Primate of England, and Metropolitane his verie good grace. -To the right reuerende Father in God, and my verie good Lorde, the -L. Bishop of London. To the high and mightie Prince, L. Duke of B. -his most noble grace. To the right honourable and my especiall good -L. the Lorde Chauncellor, or Lord high Treasurer of England. To the -right Honorable the Lorde Marquese of W. To the right Honourable the -Earle of E. Lorde Lieutenant for her maiestie in the, &c. To the right -Honourable the Earle of H. Lorde President of her Maiesties most -honorable Councell established in the North. To the right Honorable, -and my singular good L. the lorde B. one of the lords of her highnes -most honourable priuy Councell. To the right honorable sir W. M. -knight, Chancellour of the Exchequer, and of her Maiesties most -honorable priuy Councel. To the right honorable and my singular good -Lord and father, or ladie mother, the Earle or Countesse of N. To the -right honourable and my verie good ladie, the ladie A. Countesse of W. -To the most noble ladie and Paragon of all vertue, the ladie M. H. To -the right vertuous ladie endued with all singularitie, the ladie F. D. -To the most noble and towardlie yong Gentleman G. T. esquire, if hee be -a noble mans sonne vnder the degrée of a Baron. To the right honourable -sir W. S. knight, L. Maior of the citie of L. To the right worshipfull -W. L. esquire, one of the Iudges of her Maiesties court of common -Pleas. To the right worshipfull and my singular good ladie mother, the -Ladie D. H. To my verie good father, W. C. Marchant of the citie of B. -To the right worshipfull his especiall good maister, M. R. Marchant and -Alderman of L. To my seruant R. D. at C. &c.= - -=Other examples besides these were needelesse to set downe, for that if -any alteration at all happen herein, it is by reason of familiaritie, -addition of offices, or change of titles. Onlie let herewith be noted, -that when Letters doe passe from some number of the Counsell, or from -any Lord of the same, to a noble man or knight, these directions of -honour and worship are seldome vsed. But rather thus. To our verie -good L. sir W. R. knight, lord Deputie of Ireland. To our verie good -L. the L. Maior of the citie of L. and to our verie louing friends W. -C. and R. P. Aldermen of the same. To my verie good lord, the L. T. -H. To my verie louing friend, sir. T. P. knight. To our verie louing -friends sir R. S. knight, _Custos rotulorum_ of her Maiesties Count. of -B. and R. W. and S. P. esquires, Iustices of peace of the same Shire. -The like directions also are vsed of an Earle, to any of these estates -to him inferiour in calling, and of a Baron to a Iustice of peace, but -commonlie they will adde the title of worship.= - - - - - The diuisions of Letters and vnder what titles all sortes - of Epistles are contained. _Cap 7._ - - -=Albeit the diuersitie of Epistles are (as I saide before) as manifold -as are the sundrie occurrents, or rather imaginations of mens -fantasies: yet for so much as it seemeth pertinent vnto this Method -to induce their varieties vnto some particular titles, by such meanes -the rather to bring the learner into a speciall forme, whereby for his -necessitie or present turne to applie the same. I haue thought good -in imitation of the best and most learned iudgements of our time, to -drawe the sundrie parts thereof, vnder foure especiall heads, that is -to saie: |Demonstratiue|, |Deliberatiue|, |Iudiciall|, and |Familiar -Letters|. And howbeit the rules prescribed vnto either of these, maie -vnder their seuerall heads séeme to be particularlie allotted, yet are -they in nature so neerelie conioyned togither, as hardlie shall you in -anie of the first three fall into their particular distinctions, but -lightlie in one sort or other, you shall run into the natures of the -others.= - -=For proofe whereof, and this to open more plainlie, let vs first -lay downe their properties in seuerall, and then sée by association -each with other how néerlie they do participate in their qualities. -You shall then vnderstande that this |Demonstratiue| kinde, hath the -name of a declaration, deliuerie or shewing of some one thing or -other, the distinctions of the Epistles thereunder contained, are -|Descriptorie|, in which bee described the manners and conuersations -of men, all vertues, vices and qualities both of bodie and mind. -Honorable chalenges, combats, entertainmēts, attempts, orders of common -weales, gouermnents, and estates, countries, cities, hilles, valleies, -fields, prospects, buildings and walkes, with their pleasures and -scituations. |Laudatorie|, wherein is speciallie praysed anie thing, -and |Vituperatorie|, in which is misliked or condemned whatsoeuer maie -be thought worthie either to bee abhorred or dispraysed.= - -=The |Deliberatiue| is so named, of the large comprehension it -hath of sundry causes and matters, being not almost tied to any -particular occasion or purpose: His distinctions are |Hortatorie|, and -|Dehortatorie|: |Swasorie| and |Disswasorie|, not much vnlike together -in their orders and properties: the natures of the first being to -exhort, counsell, aduise, or perswade to anie thing, of the other, to -withdraw, disswade or reduce to another meaning. |Conciliatorie|, which -serueth in acquiring of friendship of acquaintance. |Reconciliatorie|, -in reconcilement of kinred, friends, or other persons. |Petitorie|, in -suing for, or crauing of anie thing. |Commendatorie|, in preferring -the seruices, persons or good qualities, of anie one. |Consolatorie|, -in comforting at times of troubles, sorrowe, or mishaps. |Monitorie|, -in forewarning, admonishing, or counselling from mischiefs. -|Reprehensorie|, in reprehending or correcting of errours and -behauiours. |Amatorie|, in matters of louing.= - -=The |Iudiciall| is so called, in that it comprehendeth matters -lawfull, vnlawfull, or questionable to be handled: The distinctions -thereof are, |Accusatorie|, containing matter of accusation. -|Excusatorie|, which is occupied in excusing. |Expostulatorie|, in -reasoning of causes. |Purgatorie|, in clearing or auoydance of thinges -charged. |Defensorie|, in defence of the action. |Exprobatorie|, in -reproching or obtruding of benefites vpon cause of vnthankfulnes. -|Deprecatorie|, in praying of pardon of a thing committed, and -|Inuectiue|, inueighing agaynst ill natures, qualities, occasions or -persons.= - -=Now the distinctions of these heades being thus laide open by -particular titles, we will see how neere in writing they concurre or -fall in, each with others. True is it, (as shall be séene in some -examples hereafter following) that touching the first head beeing -|Demonstratiue|, it sometimes falleth out in causes of aduertisement, -or relation of thinges made, that the title |Descriptorie| is -manie times meerlie in it selfe handled, without entring into anie -other particular addition or occasion, but in the other titles of -|Laudatorie| and |Vituperatorie|, not so. For how can I either praise -or discommend anie thing, without falling into a |Description| of those -persons, things or qualities, which I disallow or commend. Againe, for -the |Deliberatiue| kinde in |Hortatorie|, |Dehortatorie|, |Swasorie| -and |Disswasorie|, |Commendatorie|, |Monitorie| or |Reprehensorie|, -how can I exhort, counsell, aduise, withdraw, commend, admonish or -reprehende, if therein I set not forth what is woorthie or vnfit, -what to be praysed, estéemed, disallowed, or eschued: which can not -bee, without of necessitie I fall into the partes |Descriptorie|, -|Laudatorie| and |Vituperatorie|. Likewise in matters |Consolatorie|, -|Conciliatorie| & |Reconciliatorie|, howe I maie comfort seeke friends, -or reconcile, if the partes |Hortatorie| and |Swasorie|, be absent. -So also for the iudiciall, if either I accuse, excuse, expostulate, -defende, reproach, intreate, or inueigh, it must be done with the -laying out of vices, and aduauncement of vertues, in manifesting what -is good, and setting forth what is euill, neither of which, can be -without matter |Descriptorie|, |Laudatorie|, and |Vituperatorie|. By -all which it appeareth, that (howbeit these seuerall titles stand -thus diuided) yet are the matters of the same diuerslie wrapped -togither, and the precepts seruing to the one, must of necessitie -by a like conueyance be drawne into an obseruation with the other: -notwithstanding for ease of the learner, and to the end he may with -more readines find out what best fitteth and beseemeth the cause hee -hath in handling, they bee thus drawne forth as you see into so many -particular distinctions.= - -=Touching nowe our |Familiar Letters|, they also are to bee drawne -vnder their seuerall titles, as |Narratorie|, and |Nunciatorie|, -somewhat falling into the demonstratiue kind before remembred, -wherein we expresse and declare to those farre from vs, the matters -or newes presentlie in hand amongst vs: |Gratulatorie|, wherein wee -reioyce each with others of the good happes of fortune betiding vs. -|Remuneratorie|, being a gratefull relation of cortesies, benefites -or good turnes receiued. |Iocatorie|, wherewith by a pleasant and -swéete kinde of deliuerie of some pretie conceit or iest, the minde is -recreated. |Obiurgatorie|, in which wee rebuke the ill demeanours of -our children, seruants, kindred, or acquaintance. |Mandatorie|, whereby -wee commit expreslie our affaires to such as we haue authoritie, either -to commaunde or intreate to be dispatched. To these and the others -before mentioned are manie Epistles |Responsorie|, the titles whereof -cannot be certaine, but examples and occasions plentifull: all which -I referre to their peculiar places each one, as they are suted forth -to be in their kindes deliuered. And now will we passe vnto the other -hereafter to bee obserued in deliuerie of Examples, accordant vnto the -seuerall titles of all these forenamed Epistles, and first of Epistles -|Descriptorie|. - - - - - Of Epistles meerely Descriptory and the parts - thereof. _Chap. 8._ - - -[Sidenote: Parts in Epistle Descriptory.] - -[Sidenote: Comparison of the writer and painter.] - -[Sidenote: Painter.] - -[Sidenote: Writer.] - -[Sidenote: Ptolemy and other writers, _de situ orbis_.] - -[Sidenote: Virgil in his Aenidos.] - -[Sidenote: Ouidii Metamorphoseos.] - -[Sidenote: Example.] - -=Forsomuch as in Descriptions, are (as I saide before) onelie declared -and set foorth at large, the maner, order, state, gouernment, -proportion goodnesse or value of anie thing: the Epistles consisting -solie thereof, be commonlie without addition at all, either of praise -or mislike, or anie other intendment, in respect whereof they might -in anie one iote varie from that title of |Descriptorie|. The force -hereof besides the |Exordium|, comprehendeth chieflie a |narration|, -throughout, in which is contained (by laying out the seuerall parts -thereof) a perfect and plain demonstration or description of any -thing: In these sortes of Epistles, the excellency of the writer, and -painter concurreth in one, who the more that each of them studieth by -perfection, to touch al things to the quick, by so much the more neerer -doe they both aspire to that exquisit kind of cunning, that in each of -these differences, is absolutely to be required. The curious painter in -drawing a perfect peece of |Lantskip|, presenteth many things vnto the -eie, the conceit whereof is maruellous: for with great admiration we -do there séeme to behold, the most pleasant and goodlie vallies: Woods -hie and decked with statelie trées (some tops whereof the wind seemeth -to wreath and turne at one side) then goodly riuers, hie waies and -walkes, large situate & high climing hils and mountains, far prospects -of Cities, steeples, and Towers, ships sayling on seas, and waues blown -vp aloft, the element cleere, faire and temperate, with some shining -beames shadowing and spreading ouer all these, wherein seemeth the -delight so rare, and climate so perfect, as verie desire prouoketh a -man to gaze of it, as a thing in present life, and most certaine viewe. -And do I praie you, our excellent writers degenerate at all from anie -part of these? Doeth not the learned |Cosmographer| in acquainting vs -with the vnknowne delights, scituation, plenty and riches of Countries -which we neuer sawe, nor happilie maie euer approch vnto, rauish vs -oftentimes, and bring in contempt the pleasures of our owne soyle: -and manie times a huge woonder, of the vnheard secrets neuer before -reported of, the incredible operations of diuers thinges, and state -so high and magnificent, such as the verie description and liuelie -deliuery whereof, maketh vs beleeue that our eies do almost witnes -the same, and that our verie sences are partakers of euerie delicacie -in them contained. But omitting the wight hereof, consisting in these -worlds of such strange accompt, with that fine inuention doeth |Virgil| -manie times in his |Aeneidos|, and with howe much varietie describe -vnto vs the tides of the morning? Howe greatlie in his first booke doth -he amuse the reader, with the lamentable shipwracke, and euen then -(as it were) appearing surges, and intollerable turmoils vpon the sea -happening to |Aeneas|? What darknesse, what tempestes, what rising and -deepest fall of waues againe, what winds, what mingling of heauen and -earth together doth hee there relate? Then after, his arriuall on shore -and presenting to Queene |Dido|, howe is the destruction of |Troy| in -the person of |Aeneas| to her described? In the fourth booke likewise, -what an excellent description maketh he of |Fame|? How he sheweth the -banquet by the |Queene| to |Aeneas| made, and how liuelie is the state -and magnificence thereof deliuered? Innumerable of these, both from -him and the |Transformed shapes of Ouid| coulde I here recorde, the -excellencie of each being such, as by the forceable vtterance thereof -bréedeth as great delight as astonishment vnto the curious searcher of -the same. And in as much as I haue vndertaken to conduct the learner by -example, howe to behaue himselfe in some sort herein, we will proceed -with our |Epistles Descriptory|, the first wherof following, maie seeme -to bee sent from a traueller to a friend of his in England, the mater -whereof ensueth.= - - - An example of a latter Descriptory, wherein is particu- - _larly described an ancient City, by laying down the - seuerall parts thereof._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium_ Or a charge giuen, and promise made.] - -[Sidenote: Narratio.] - -[Sidenote: Scituation.] - -[Sidenote: Buildings.] - -[Sidenote: Deckings.] - -[Sidenote: Streets.] - -[Sidenote: Gouernment] - -[Sidenote: Habit of the people.] - -[Sidenote: Conclusō] - -My good Vncle, the remembrance of your charge giuen me, & my promise to -you made at my departure out of _England_, bindeth me (at my nowe being -in quiet, and with good leasure setled in _Germany_) that I should -returne vnto you againe, my accustomed and dutifull regard, in sort -as I haue euer endeuoured my selfe to do vnto you. It may then please -you, that remaining with my L. the Duke but a fewe daies at _Geneua_, -wee hasted thence to a Citie, called _Noremberge_, being imperiall, -scituate in the high partes of _Germany_, where sithence wee haue -almost continually remained. And albeit I could somewhat write vnto -you of our passages through diuers places of the Country, yet insomuch -as there is no part thereof so memorable as this citie wherein we now -remaine, the description thereof at this present may solie content -you. The Citie therefore, as it seemeth is most ancient, and as many -doe suppose and affirme, at that time when the Country was first in -subiection to the Empire of _Rome_, was builded by _Nero_ the Emperour, -and of him taketh his name, as _Noremberghe_, in signification _Neros -berghe_, and so much the rather doth it appeare, by sundry auncient -monumentes therein yet remaining. The Citie (besides that it is -situate in a most delicate and pleasant soyle, wooded and watered most -plentifully on euerie side, with goodlie Trees, faire and delicate -Riuers and springes,) is both of great strength in the walles of the -same, and plentifully builded with high and statelie Towers on euerie -part. The edificies of the Citie are rare, and of most sumptuous and -statelie appearaunce, insomuch that there is no one house in any rowe -that exceedeth another in height, but all of them builded leuell, by a -verie Geometricall proportion. The insides are not more polished with -riches and ornamentes of great beauty, then the outsides with brauerie, -the verie fronts of all which, aswell of rich as poore, are most -curiously embossed in a hard kinde of substance (such I thinke as is -our plaster of Paris) with artificiall and liuely pictures, conteining -histories of diuers memorable, and strange effectes, and that with -such wonderfull excellency, as any waies may bee conceiued. The cost -hereof is continually maintayned, repaired, enlarged, and preserued, -by a generall contribution of the most worthy and honourable of the -Citie. Besides, the colours so fresh, so braue, and delicate laide -in oyle, for defence against weather, wherewith they are beautified -and set forth, are verie straunge. The streetes are wide, faire, and -excellentlie well paued. The stone they vse for the most part is -marble, white, gray, and blacke, whereof is great plentie, besides -other kindes, which verie wonderfully they cut and square in diuers -small proportions artificiallie pointed and shaped. The houses are not -high, but backwarde builte, and inwardelie large. This Citie retaineth -yet the auncient gouernement of the _Romanes_, for at this instant they -haue their _Consuls_, _Tribunes_, _Senators_, _Pretors_, _Quæstors_, -_Aediles_ and other interchangeable offices, as sometimes had _Rome_, -beeing in her greatest prosperitie. The attire also alike to their -dignities of all sortes of honourable personages, accustomed to their -callinges. Plaine are their habites for the most part, and nothing -sumptuous, retaining still one, and the selfe same ancient fashion. The -constitution of their bodies as wel men as women, are faire, cleare, -and of sounde complexion. Frugall in diet and expence, and nothing -prodigall. My L. the Duke is here of great sway, and entertained with -honorable accompt. Thus much haue I thought good to aduertise you in -discharge of my debt and your desire, attending by the returne of -this messenger the newes of your good health. To whom & al other our -friends, in sound and good affection I eftsoones do recommend me. At -_Noremberghe_ this of, &c. - - - _Another example wherein the state of a Coun- - trey is soly described._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._ Of their accustomed friendship.] - -[Sidenote: Narratiō. Pleasant ayre vnfrequented.] - -[Sidenote: _In voluntary abstinence._] - -[Sidenote: Hard feeding.] - -[Sidenote: Ill lodging.] - -[Sidenote: Danger.] - -I doubt not N. but that thy hart longeth, and mind is yet vnquieted, -because of my suddaine departure from thee, and ignorance of my estate -and present being, whereof that thy desires may nowe at full be -resolued: know my good N. that not hauing beene scarce sixe moneths -from thee, I did long since perceiue my selfe to bee out of England, -and that it may appeare vnto thee, that I haue iust cause so to say, -thou shalt somewhat vnderstande by mee the state of this Countrey. -Wee liue heere in a soile delicate I must confesse for the ayre, and -pleasant for the situation: with good leasure (I must tell thee) may -we here attend our deuotions, as hauing no care wherewith to encumber -vs, but the needlesse search of that whereof wee neuer find likelihood -to annoy vs. As vncompelled by seuere decrees and interdictions, we -limit vnto ourselues an abstinence, thou mightst think we do it of -zeale, but in truth it is of want, wherein we haue more fasting daies -by a great manie then ability to beare them. Our conuersation is with -elements, with waters, with fieldes, with trees, with valleyes, with -hilles, with beasts, in the general vse whereof, wee find nothing -else but their proper shapes. And if by chaunce any other sorts of -creatures do appeare, they are naked shapes formed as men and women, -fierce, sauage, wilde, not capable of anie our reasons, nor we of their -speeches. Our foode is rootes, dried fishes, berries, and I knowe not -what other harsh kind of fruits, and sometime foules, besides a kind -of graine growing in great cods wherby we somtimes obtain (though -not the naturall) yet some vse of bread, vnlike to that you eat, in -taste, goodnes, or propertie. Our lodgings and places of repose are -caues, entrenched in the ground, the earth our beds, and clothes our -couerings. And these also hard as they are, enioy wee not in quiet, -but being awaited of the naked multitude (whose policies insinuate by -nature are farre greater then their strength) wee are faine by much -industrie to preuent them: into whose hands if any of vs doe chaunce -to fall, our dead carkasses in hastie morsels are conueied into their -intrailes. Hereby iudging of our estate, thou mayest accordinglie -deeme of our pleasures. The next message that thou shalt attend from -mee, shall bee my speedie returne, the seas and windes being not lesse -fauourable then they were at my going forth. Meane while recommend -my selfe to thy wel-wishing, and our safeties to God, I ende as thou -knowest, this of, &c. - - - _An example wherein the death of a nobleman - is onelie described._ - -[Sidenote: Exordium. Of the cause it selfe.] - -[Sidenote: Narratiō.] - -[Sidenote: Sudden sickenesse.] - -[Sidenote: Declaration of his speeches.] - -[Sidenote: Mislike of the world.] - -[Sidenote: Certain notice and liking of death.] - -The decease (good Madame) of my Lorde your brother, hath occasioned -vnto your Lad. the sight of these Letters, wherein I haue rather -acquited my selfe of that whereunto by your honourable commaunde I was -enioyned, then anie wayes satisfied the griefe that by my selfe among -manie others, for his losse is intirelie conceyued. The manner whereof -may please you nowe to bee informed of, which was thus. On Tuesday -beeing the thirteenth of this instant, hauing as it then seemed vnto -his L. and others, beene reasonablie well recouered from the woonted -force of his long consuming disease, beeing importuned by the dispatch -of some present affayres, as otherwise to haue some conference with -her Maiestie, hee went from his house of B. to the Court, where all -that day hee remained, and returned againe at night, not for all this, -finding himselfe at all disquieted at the least motion of anie the -pangs wherewith before time hee had so often been vexed. The most part -of that night hee was verie well reposed. Towardes morning the next -daie, he beganne somewhat to be agreeued, but nothing as accustomed: in -which state the most part of that day hee continued. At night againe -hauing eaten some small pittance to supper, towardes nine of the clocke -hee beganne most vehementlie to bee passioned, till which time wee -all had verie good expectation of his health and recouerie, which his -L. perceyuing, after hee had beene a while set vp in his bedde, hee -sayde, I knowe my good friends and faithfull louing seruaunts, that the -great zeale and loue you doo beare vnto mee, is a vehement occasion -to kindle in you a desire of wel-wishing, and intendment of assured -safetie towardes mee, wherein I haue more cause to thanke your good -willes, then meane thereby to imagine the force of my disease to bee -lesse then long since I expected, and exceedinglie in my selfe haue -euer doubted, what wordes of comfort, protraction and delayes so euer, -haue by the Physitions to the contrarie beene vsed. One great and -exceeding comfort vnto mee is, that liuing, I euer loyallie demeaned -my selfe: and dying, I shall depart this worlde in her Maiesties good -grace, and especiall fauour. Next vnto that, the loue of you my dearest -friendes and entirelie beloued seruants and followers, whose hearts I -knowe doe pursue mee, and whose affections euen to the last gaspe of -death I am perswaded to bee euer firme and fixed towardes mee. Your -desires are, I knowe, that I shoulde liue, according vnto which the -least mitigation that may bee of my griefe, you measure by & by to the -hope of amendment, which is not so. For that in all the comfortable -speeches, that sundrie times I haue receiued from you, my selfe to -whome the inwarde effects thereof haue beene found most forcible, haue -euer mistrusted, and by manie probable circumstances adiudged the -contrarie. Long time endure I cannot, this knowe I well, happelie a -daie, two or three, I may yet bee conuersant among you, for my disease, -that standeth assured (the messenger whereof continuallie knocketh -at the doore of my imaginations, readie euerie houre to assault my -heart, and to carrie away with him the spoyles of a dying carkasse) -will not permit I shall long time trauell in this sort among you. And -for my selfe, stand ye all assertained, that hauing long since poyzed -in equall ballance, the long continuance of a fraile, wretched, and -trauelled life, the most part whereof is caryed away in sleepe, -sorrowe, griefe sickenesse, daunger, and the residue also neuer freed -of care and all maner of disquiet, with the hope of an euerlasting ioy, -happines, rest peace, and immortall residence: I finde no reason whie I -should at all affect the toyle of such earthlie tediousnesse. Insomuch -as hauing liued nowe almost threescore and thirteene yeares, and borne -my selfe (honourablie I trust) in all mine actions and seruices, and -further in the progression of my ripest yeares, yea in this verie -instant more then at anie other time am regarded of my Prince, and -esteemed of my Countrey, and among my Peeres reputed in the highest -degree of my fidelitie: I shall nowe die as becommeth my person, -woorthilie and honourablie. Bee you therefore recomforted I pray you, -as I am, and thinke that for all the loue you haue ought me, the -seruices you haue done mee, or tender care you doe yet in my heauiest -pangs beare vnto mee, the chiefest content you can doe vnto mee, is -that you bee satified herein with mee. That beeing verelie resolued -in my soule, of all that I haue here sayde vnto you, and hauing -ordered mine actions, and prepared my selfe thereto accordinglie, I -doe willinglie and with a right contented mind, leaue this transitorie -world so replenished as it is, with so manie grieuous casualties, & -hartilie do giue my bodie to his naturall course, and my soule into the -handes of the mightie Creator, for euer in his glorie (I trust) to bee -eternized. This speech ended, hee continued till after midnight, at -which time hee had about two houres slumber, and so beganne his paine -to encrease againe. In which till Wednesday following, almost in one -state, hee for the most part remained, oftentimes accustoming himselfe -with those that were about him to prayer, manie times, recording to -himselfe the goodnesse of God, and his mercies to him remembred, and -that with such zeale and intire regarde of his hoped repose, as that -it still seemed and was euidentlie apparant howe muche hee longed and -thirsted for the same. In fine, drawing by little and little towardes -an ende, euen in the verie last pang, ioyning his handes vp to heauen, -his heart and eyes thitherwarde fixed, hee recommended eftsoones -himselfe to the mercie of his Redeemer, and on Thursday last about -two in the morning died, to the lamentable griefe of all that were -about him, who heartily sorrowing his losse, were forced to shed teares -aboundantly. The day of the funerall is not yet certaine, but the same -is intended verie honorablie. Recommending my selfe vnto your La. in -all humblenesse, I take my leaue. At our sorrowfull house of B, this -of, &c. - - - - - Of Epistles Laudatorie and Vituperatorie. - _Chap. 9._ - - -[Sidenote: Praise of the person.] - -[Sidenote: 1] - -[Sidenote: 2] - -[Sidenote: 3] - -[Sidenote: 4] - -[Sidenote: 5] - -[Sidenote: 6] - -=Nowe followeth it next, that after these Letters, meere |Descriptorie| -as you see, we doe treate of the other two partes appertaining also to -this forme, which are |Laudatorie| and |Vituperatorie|, the vse whereof -either solelie or intermixed in any other kind of Epistles, shal of one -or more of these causes take their originall, that is to say, of the -_Person_, _deeds_ or _thing_ it selfe to bee commended, misliked or -dispraysed. The _person_ of anie one is to be preferred or disabled, by -his birth, descent, shewe, or abilitie. Secondlie, by his childhoode, -or good education from his infancie. Thirdlie, of his youth, in which -he is either conuersant in studies of honest life, seriously giuen to -the knowledge of letters, affecting alwayes vnto laudable exercises, -temperat and sober in demeanour, or otherwise accounted dissolute -and wanton, vnhappilie led to the search of whatsoeuer mischiefes, -affectionate to the most basest conditions and practises, not tied to -anie order, but wholie pursuing an vncontroulled libertie. Fourthlie, -of his manly yeares being frequented with ciuill gouernment, or liuing -altogether without account. Priuately and publikely in all manlie -actions demeaned, or by apparant loosenes in each place discredited. -Fiftlie, of his olde age, the course whereof is with ancient grauitie -continued, or by al kind of euils most hainously misprised, whose -siluer haires are shining in vertuous happines, or miserable estate -drowned in lothsomnes. Sixtly, in his ende or departure out of this -world, agreeing to the saying of _Solon_, No man may be counted happie -before his death|. For that in the expectatiō or attaining therof, as -at no time more in all the life of a man, then chiefly appeareth, his -vertue, constancy, strength & worthinesse, or otherwise his imbecility, -ouerthrow, shame and ignominious filthines. Besides all these, many -likelihoods are often taken either to the praise or dispraise of the -|person|, by occasion of the nation or soile from whence he came, where -hee was borne or trained. From the generall condition or application -of himselfe or of the people thereof, by the habite, constitution of -the bodie, complexion, looks, fame, or other circumstances thereunto -incident, by the actiuitie, strength, swiftnes, nimblenes, fauor -or beauty of the body. By the gifts of fortune, as honor, wealth, -worship, reputation and kindred. And forasmuch as these demonstrations -of persons are wholy occupied either in praise or dispraise of their -conditions or behauiours: the chiefest part hereof shall also consist -in |Narration|, without peraduenture it falleth out in the life of -anie one to haue some one or mo things hapned or of them supposed, -ill beseeming or vnworthy their reputation, which either by defence, -excusation, or |Confutation| must bee coloured, diminished, or cleerely -auoided. Examples whereof do follow according to their particular -occasions: and thus much for the _Persons_. - -[Sidenote: Of the deeds.] - -=In commendation or vituperation of the déeds of any one, we shall -weigh with our selues what notable actions haue bin, wherein he or she -haue honorably or worthily behaued themselues, or by perpetual infamy -therof haue deserued in each posteritie for euer to be contemned. -Touching things likewise by themselues to bee extolled or disabled, -they are euer measured by the consonance and agréement they haue either -with reputation or dignitie.= - -[Sidenote: Honest which is tied to vertue.] - -=The goodnesse or badnes, excellencie or basenesse of any thing, is -gathered from the places of _Honestum_, _Inhonesty_, vnder which is -comprehended what is iust or vniust, godlie or wicked, direct or -indirect, worthy or to be dispraised. Honest is alwaies linked to -vertue. For whatsoeuer is either vertue it selfe, or affined with -vertue or deriued from vertue, or conducing to vertue, is absolutelie -declared honest.= - -[Sidenote: Honest, what it is.] - -=The distinguishment of these falleth out to be sorted into foure -principall excellencies, that is, |Prudence|, |Iustice|, |fortitude| -and |Temperance|, it is therefore to be intended, that not onelie -deedes and actions, but also thinges themselues are solelie of these, -and for these either praised or debased. Whatsoeuer then by sounde -and wholesome perswasion tendeth either to the embracing of the good, -or shunning of the euill. Whatsoeuer includeth either fidelitie, true -friendship, equitie, obedience or gratitude. Whatsoeuer conduceth to -true pietie to God, thy Countrie, Parents, children, and friends. -Whatsoeuer appertaineth to the seueritie of the law, to the admonishing -of the wicked, and to the remuneration and defence of the well -deserued. Whatsoeuer tendeth to a tolleration or patient forebearance -of euils, to longanimitie, entring into hazard and dangers for -conscience, for thy countrey, kindred or friends. Whatsoeuer concerneth -chastitie, sobrietie or frugalitie, and seemely moderation in all -thinges, that in each of these is adiudged honest and none others.= - -[Sidenote: Vnhonest.] - -=The contrarie hereof, which is _Inhonestum_, includeth likewise -whatsoeuer is not vertue, or is estranged from vertue, hindering -to vertue, or in nothing furthering towards vertue, whatsoeuer is -pertinent to follie, iniustic, pusillanimitie, or excesse, whatsoeuer -by the euill therein committed is exempted from praise. Whatsoeuer -carieth perswasion to mischiefe & seducement from the good. Whatsoeuer -appertaineth to infedilitie, falshood, treason, disobedience, slander, -or ingratitude. Whatsoeuer withdraweth from naturall regard and loue -of thy Countrie, parents, children and friends. Whatsoeuer impugneth -the wholesome lawes and estate of euerie common-wealth, tendeth to -a notorious example of euill, hindereth or blemisheth any others -good deseruing. Whatsoeuer enforceth reuengement vpon euerie small -offence, hath in it no meane of sufferance, or forbearance at all, -entertaineth a lawlesse libertie of conscience to perpetrate or yéeld -to any vnlawfull action, or to become iniurious to thy Country, state -or calling. Whatsoeuer is furthering to a dissolute liuing, vnbrideled -lust, couetous tenacitie, prodegality, or detestable excesse. These and -such like, as confounders of all ciuilitie and humane gouernment, are -confirmed to be vnhonest.= - -[Sidenote: _Laus ab honesto._] - -[Sidenote: _Ab æquo._] - -[Sidenote: _A necessitate._] - -[Sidenote: _Ab vtiltiate._] - -[Sidenote: _A difficili._] - -=Now these deedes, actions or thinges are by manie |Oratory| partes -to bee handled, or commended, according to the matters or occasions -whereout their praises are deriued, and because examples are the best -I might sort out diuers: as of |Dauid|, I coulde commend his combate -against |Goliah|, first _ab honesto_, in that he being the seruant -of god fought against a blasphemer, also in his Princes quarell & -defence of his countrey: _ab æquo_, because it is meet and conuenient, -that in causes so perillous, the strength of each one be applied. _A -necessitate_, insomuch as thereon depended the sauegard of the Prince -and people. _Ab vtilitate_, for that he killing such an enemie, brought -to their owne country peace and quiet, and also draue the other part -in subiection to his king and people. _A difficili_, because the -vndertaking thereof was so much the more waighty, by howe much himselfe -was as it were an infant agaynst a mightie giant, vnarmed against -him that was armed, vnfurnished against him that had al maner of -complements of warre: weake, where the other was strong: besides that -the terrour of his chalenge and hugenes of stature had before daunted -the armie, & put them all out of conceit, in so much that the doubt was -so generall, as no man dared to vndertake the quarell. Besides, herein -is praised of bodily force, his |Actiuitie|, and courage: of |Vertues|, -his woonderfull |Magnanimitie|, who by couragious desire durst to -vndertake the same: also his affiance in |Iustice|, and equitie of -the cause: His |Pietie| to God, his Prince and countrey: Lastly, his -|Fidelitie|, whose life was not spared when each one drew backe for -feare to be brought in hazard. And as to this action of |Dauid|, I haue -vsed all these |Oratorie| parts, so in causes of sway and gouernment, -a man might by the like parts and places be praised for his great -wisdome, whereby in handling of some notable action in ambassage or -consultation, he hath onely by graue aduise, industrie, discreete -search, perswasion or circumspection, compassed weightie matters to the -common weale, or thence auoyded huge and imminent dangers: |Cicero| in -the coniuration of |Catiline|, beeing a mightie enemie agaynst his owne -Citie of |Rome|, might herein be an excellent patterne, who without -stirring the people at all, without any maner of bodilie resistance or -force of armes, without passing by any priuate or indirect means, did -by the sole matter of his |wisedome, =waightines of spéech, forcible -reasons, enforcements, rebukes, and perswasions driue him cleane out -of the Citie, and being expulsed (to the common peace, tranquilitie -and surety of the same Citie) did afterwarde by like demeanour, -industrie, and circumspection, so preuent his purposes, so circumuent -his policies, so turne him vpside downe, as he dared not, he could -not, he shamed to perpetrate what so often hee had sworne, and so many -wayes intended: in which action of |Ciceroes|, all these |Oratorie| -parts are in like maner included. So likewise, for some one rare & -singular point of |Iustice| another might be extolled, as beside common -expectation exercising the same. A president hereof might bee the L. -chiefe |Iustice| of Englande in the time of King |Henrie| the fourth, -who was so streictlie bent to the obseruation of iustice, as hauing one -of the Princes seruants arraigned before him at the Kings Bench barre, -for a fellon, and beeing one that the young Prince greatlie (at that -time of his youth) fauoured. The prince came to the barre, and at the -Iudges hands required his seruant; who answered that he was the King -his fathers prisoner, and stoode there vpon his triall by lawe for -his offences, that he could not in iustice, nor would (by his pardon) -deliuer him without his triall. The Prince mooued with such deniall, -stroke the Iudge on the face, and woulde by force haue withdrawne -the prisoner. The Iudge withstoode him, and aduertising him mildlie -of the offence he had done to the seate and place wherin he sate of -iustice, in such sort to strike him, stoutlie commanded him to Warde, -whereunto (uppon such admonition) the Prince obeyed, and accordinglie -remayned in durance, attending the aduertisement and knowledge of -his fathers pleasure. Here might bee a great contention, whether the -worthie Iudge in his equall administration and execution of iustice, -without feare, whereon stoode the hazard of his owne life, beeing vpon -him that was in succession to become his soueraigne Lord, were more to -be commended: or the Prince, in his subiection, and of all other most -singular obedience, more highly to bee extolled: the one daring to doe -what was lawfull vpon whatsoeuer hazard, the other humbling himselfe to -authoritie which he might easilie haue impugned: and yet both actions -such, as by many excellent Oratorie parts séeme fit to be inlarged. For -no doubt there was as much vertue in the ones obedience, as there was -excellency in the others sentence.= - -=And as these, so the honor, worship, or wealth of anie man, his deedes -of charitie, either in |Erection|, |conuersion| or |repayring| of any -thing, whereby the common wealth is benefited, vertue furthered, or the -néedy prouided for, might bee in like sort aduanced.= - -=Finallie, |Wisdome|, |Iustice|, |Bountie|, |Liberalitie|, |Curtesie|, -|Chastitie|, might each of them as things by themselues, & of -themselues without the person of any one be alike commended. Whereof -I think it néedlesse to amplifie any further, seeing by the examples -hereafter set downe, the learner may sufficientlie bee enabled in -whatsoeuer, for those causes he shall vndertake to proceed vpon.= - - - _An example of a laudatorie epistle soly touching the person._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium_, by insinuation.] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Hyperbole._] - -[Sidenote: _Procatalepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Anadiplosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotiposis._] - -[Sidenote: Praise of the Prince in generall.] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Metanoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Præteritio._] - -[Sidenote: Parenthesis.] - -[Sidenote: Parabola.] - -[Sidenote: _Metapora._] - -[Sidenote: _Antimetabole._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -The feruent loue, and entire zeale and regarde, wherewith your L. euen -in these tender and as yet vnripened yeares, seemeth to pursue the -vertues and honourable worthinesse of the most renowned and famous, and -the reuerend account, wherewith in your most secret imaginations you -haue euer admired, & as it were emulated their highest progressions: -hath mooued me in recordation thereof (and the rather to deliuer -vnto your L. the verye true image and liuely counterfeit indeede, of -vnblemished honour, adorned with all princely and most surpassing -noblenes) to propose vnto your view, a paragon so peerlesse, and of -so rare and excellent performaunce, as whereof no hystorie hath the -semblable, no region the match, nor any worlde hereafter may eftsoones -be supposed to produce the like. You shall not neede my L. to ransacke -volumes, to search out the liues of the most honoured _Scipio_, amongst -the Romanes, nor out of Greece to fetche _Themistocles_ or _Alcibiades_ -from Lacedemon or Athens. Let _Haniball_ rest with his predecessors, -who sometimes by vnbearded fortune did honor to mightie Carthage, and -(before them all) Achilles and Hector, that made the fall of Troy -so famous: And come wee into our owne Countrey, the land wherein -our selues inhabite, the soyle to vs natiue, and of all others most -deerest, and see you here my L. a Prince of so rare and incomparable -worthinesse, as your selfe will confesse throughout all the course of -his life, to haue beene of all others the moste happie and vertuous. -_Edwarde_, my L. young _Edward_ (so helde in his fathers life) vnder -whose raigne he died in Englande, surnamed for his noted excellencie, -sometymes the _blacke Prince_. This is hee on whome Nature, Fortune -and Vertue, to the intent to yeelde some apparaunt shewe of theyr -woonderfull and mightie operations, had aboue all others so especially -enriched with all kinde of wished and most exquisite perfections, as -in that present season, in which the delicacie of his aspiring minde -reste vnto himselfe the highest branch of honour from out her loftie -seate of dignity, it was denied to any other whatsoeuer, to exceede? -nay, but so much as to become partaker with so rare a patterne of the -like fruites of vertue and neuer dying glory. And to the ende (in -rehearsing some fewe of the many particularities of such sounde and -vncorrupted maiestie) the radiant shining beames resiant in so high -a personage, may with more facilitie the sooner bee discouered: wee -will first beginne with his originall and foremost infancie, that -by deducing from thence his complementes of princelie excellencie, -euen in the verie mouth of his entombed graue, his bones may not bee -reposed without an immortall recordation, and the fame of his vertue -celebrated by an endlesse memorie. Needlesse were it my L. that I -shoulde tell you of this statelie Prince, that hee were sonne and -heire in succession, to the most mightie and most renowmed _Edward_ -the thirde, king of this noble realme of _England_, the most regarded -vertues and inuincible chiualrie of whome, beeing then euerie where so -surpassing, and of such redoubted force, as (were it not such memorable -issue had sprong out of his Kingly loynes, as wherewith the states of -the mightie were daunted, and Europe made to woonder) might hitherto -haue remained of-fame compotent ynough, to haue bene compared vnto the -mightiest: but that I may rather imparte vnto you, that as golde, in -the riches and glorie of it selfe, beareth price and value with the -most precious, yet hauing annexed vnto his proportion, a Diamonde of -inestimable beautie, valour and goodnesse, becommeth thereby farre more -excellent then before, more shining and glorious: so this soueraigne -and puissant Monarch (admirable no doubt by himselfe) yet hauing -thus tied vnto the sunne-shine of his happie raigne, the obscurer -and eclipsing glorie of all other nations, the verie Loadstarre and -direction of all other Tropheis, the Sunne it selfe of worthinesse, and -absolute concluder of euerie honourable enterprise: howe coulde it bee -but that this prerogatiue of his must of force exceede, and goe beyonde -all others, when himselfe, by the verie chaire of honours selfe was -so farre aduaunced aboue any others? And albeit the high and kingly -worthinesse of so statelie offspring and parentage, might no question -in sundry sortes, yeelde greate and mightie glorie to the issue: yet -that it might not bee alleadged that in taking vppon vs to commende the -personage of one, wee shoulde intimate the soueraigntie of the other, -as it were by a defect of praise sufficient, to supply the wante of our -owne, and that the honourable reputation of another cannot fitly bee -saide to bee this mans worthinesse, without by the braunch of his owne -deserte, hee hadde in his owne proper right most effectually caried -the same. Vnderstand you then of him, that which all men deeme most -princely and honourable, and there is none, were it the stoutest enemie -that euer liued, but will most highlie commende. This Prince, my L. who -euen from the verie cradle seemed to bee addicted to the knowledge, -and feare of God, and verie pietie of a sincere and Christian religion -(besides that hee was naturally so well formed and instructed in good -documentes as anie might bee) became in those verie tender yeares -also, so apte vnto learning, as the match or like of him therein, was -seldome or neuer in those dayes any where found, and in these times -also may not easily bee hearde of. Insomuch as of those that then knewe -him verie well, it certainely is deliuered, that beeing but the age of -twelue yeares, his vnderstanding and knowledge in the Latine tongue, -was so perfect, his progression in the Greeke so excellent, his skill -and deliuerie of forraigne languages so woonderfull, his _P_rincelie -towardnesse in all thinges so rare and so plentiful, as many times -mooued all the regarders to admire him, but founde none of all his -associates in the same exercises, that were able to follow him. - -[Sidenote: Of his adolescence.] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epanodus._ His mans estate.] - -[Sidenote: His outward actions.] - -[Sidenote: His inward vertues.] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotiposis._] - -[Sidenote: His bounty & great humility.] - -[Sidenote: His modestie.] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: Parenthesis.] - -[Sidenote: Merismus.] - -[Sidenote: Allegoria.] - -[Sidenote: Confirmatiō.] - -[Sidenote: Hypotiposis.] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Commoratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Confutatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: Praise of his death.] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Articulus._] - -Nowe if wee shall come to his riper yeares, and howe therein hee -profited in the towardlie exercise and vse of armes, beeseeming a -Prince of so high and exspected admiration, what coulde bee wished -in anie one that in him was not fullie accomplished. So comelie, and -with such vncontrouled dexteritie coulde hee sitte, ride and gouerne -his horse, so couragiously, and with such nobilitie coulde hee welde -and vse any weapon, either at tilte, barriers or turney, with such -high and woonderfull direction, ordered hee all his complementes to -either of these belonging, as did well manifest the magnanimitie and -worthinesse of his minde, and what manner a one hee woulde afterwardes -become toward the beautifying of his countrie. A more plaine and -euident demonstration whereof, did at any one time in nothinge so -much appeare as euen then, when hee was yet in his minoritie. For -when there was remaining as then, no signe or token at all of manlie -shewe in his face (beeing neuer the lesse of stature seemelie and -tall, and of goodlie constitution in his bodie, well beseeming the -yeares hee then caried) also attendante on the mightie King his father -in the warres of Fraunce: what thinges did hee there perfourme? what -weightie enterprises, and those beyonde all expectation would hee -vndertake, in honour of his royall progenie: was it not too straunge, -that beeing in comparison of yeares, as it were a childe, deuoide of -so confirmed and auncient graffed experience as beseemed the warres, -hee vndertooke notwithstanding at eighteene yeares of age, with halfe -his fathers power (by a most couragious desire of an euerthirsting -glorie, with condition and charge either there to eternize his death -by an euerlasting memorie, or backe to returne againe with triumphant -gained victorie) to ioine with the whole and mightie power of Fraunce, -and all the Chiualrie thereof, where (to his immortall and surpassing -high renowne) hee attained vppon them by the high permission of God, a -most memorable Tropheie? But why dwell I in these slender discourses -(small God knowes in respect of those mightie conquestes by him -afterwards atchieued) in deteining you from the sweete and ardente -remembrance of the rest? If he being yet sequestred in years from -any ripenes at all, when it was thē to be supposed he most needed -gouernmente, coulde by such stately and inuincible valour, so moderate -his great and waightiest actions, as to become at that verie instant -so redoubted and famous: what might we deem of him afterward, being -once perfectly established in all kinde of manly directions, but that -of necessity he should by manie degrees exceed and go beyond the -formost shewe of all his excellencies, and the greatest expectation -that might be of all his progressions? & so vndoubtedly he did. For -being once attained to mans estate hee grewe immediatly to become a -Prince. sage, discreet, politike & wise, in all his actiōs of rare & -singular circūspectiō and prouidence, benigne: & of all others most -fauourable and courteous: fortunate, and euer inuincible in the warres, -liberall to his followers, and of a high replenished bountie to euerie -one, a verie Patrone and defender of innocents, absolutelye fauouring -alwayes the right, Magnanimious as touching his estate and the high and -waightie enterprises he tooke in hande, exceedinglie feared abroad, -woonderfullie beloued at home, mixing alwayes the enterchangeable -exercise of Armes, with continuall studie of learning. Of such rare -modestie and temperance as is maruellous: In so much as the King his -father beeing here in England, when in the great fight of _Poictiers_, -hee had discomfited and ouerthrowne in one day three mightie battels -of the French, and taken in the last of them king _Iohn_ and his sonne -prisoners: he was not puffed vp at all with the honour of so statelie -and triumphant victorie, neither grewe he insolent vpon the same, but -entertayned the King and his sonne in his owne Tent so honourablie, -and therewithall with so great nobilitie and surpassing courtesie, as -that hee neglected not to serue them himselfe at Supper, and seemed -verely at that season in all things, to haue beene reputed in his owne -intendment, as if hee had neuer beene conquerour. The shewe whereof, -so much increased his incomparable bountie: and so mightilie honoured -the estate of his victorie, as that the King then confessed, that to -become the prisoner of such a one, it could bee no disparagement vnto -so mightie a soueraigne as himselfe, seeing that hee was by the force -of that onely ouerthrowe, made companion of the greatest Nobilitie -that euer hee sawe. Manie Honourable partes could I here inferre vnto -you of him (infallible arguements of his incredible modestie) for -long after this, when this mightie Prince had atchieued so manie and -waightie honours throughout all Fraunce, as that the regard thereof -made his name a terrour, and his becke a commaunde to compell theyr -Soueraigntie vnto his fathers obedience: he was required by _Don -Petro_, king of Castile, to helpe him agaynst _Henrie_ his bastard -brother, who had then expulsed him vnlawfully; and vsurped vpon his -kingdome. Whereupon hauing by the couragious endeuour of him selfe, -and his Knightes, and by their sole and onely prowesse, brought downe -the vsurper, and driuen him cleane out of the Countrey, (albeit his -strength was such, and the admirable fauour of the people so greate, as -might easilye haue inuited him there, to the wearing of a crowne) hee -neuerthelesse of a high and noble disposition, holding it _farre more -honourable to make a king then to be a king_, so farre foorth declared -his temperance at that verie instant (not commonlie happening vnto -euerie one, especially in causes of a kingdome) as that hee vtterlie -abstained so much as to beare an appetite or liking therunto, howbeit -good occasiō was therunto ministred by the breach of _Don Petro_ in -paiment of his souldiors: but to his immortall renowne, placed and -restored therin againe the true & lawful inheritour of the same setling -him (according as was intended) in his crowne and kingdome. Could there -my L. in any one haue appeared greater arguments of Magnanimitie, -Iustice, and Temperaunce, then was remaining in this Prince? And yet -if continuall happinesse in all worldly attempts, if neuer ceasing and -eternized famous victories, if the commendation and honour done vnto -him of his mightiest enemies, if strength and glorie of his countrey, -and honoured titles of his victorious father, if confirmed leagues -of diuers mightie Princes, Confederates and Alies, if feruent and -of all others the moste principall and ardent loue of his Knightes, -subiects and followers, if all or anie of these might anie wayes haue -induced him to the breach of eyther of these vertues, what wanted -to the furtheraunce thereof, that in and vppon him, was not alwayes -attendant and (as it were) continuallie powred. Was hee not then wedded -to honour, euen in his formost Cradle? Did not _Fortune_ immediately -acknowledge him, and confesse that he was her darling? Seemed _vertue_ -euer prowde, but in his greatest perfection? Grew _Fame_ at any time -so impatient as euen then, when (as the most conuenient harbour of -all her worthinesse) she sought out his dwelling? Agreed they not -all with one voice to abandon the statelinesse of all others, onelie -to bee resiant with him whome they helde most charie of all others? -Witnesse among manie other his more then ordinarie attemptes, the -three battels (then which no one thing throughout the worlde before -or since became of more greater remembraunce) by him in his moste -youngest yeares, so miraculouslie foughten, the one of which was at -_Cressay_ agaynst the French, when he was but eighteene yeares of age -(as you haue before remembred.) the second at _Poictiers_, where died -the King of _Bohemia_, and King _Iohn_ of Fraunce became his prisoner: -the thirde against the bastard _Henrie_, for the kingdome of Castile, -where in one whole intire fight the same _Henry_ bearing a mightie -hoste, was by meere surpassing valour and moste woorthie prowesse of -this Prince discomfited, and by maine force thereof expulsed his -Seignorie. All which exploytes, and manie more besides, celebrating -thereby his eternall prayses, when he had with greater glorie, then -well may bee conceyued, furnished and finished to the aduauncement of -his immortall dignitie: See death, dispightfull death, who ioyning -with the malignitie of the wicked world, hatefull alwayes to vertue, -and satisfying euer to malicious enuie, bereft the vnwoorthie earth -of his most worthie life. But howe? Not as falleth out to euerie -common creature, deuoyde of after memorie: for why? the soueraigne -commaunder of earth and skyes, allowed it otherwise: neither beseemeth -such stately patternes of honoured _vertue_, whose spirites caried -with greater efficacie of aspiring eternitie, then those whose duller -conceytes are adapted to more terrene and grosse validities, shoulde -bee exempted their perpetuitie. And albeit in all the progression -of the wished life of this mightie Prince, anie one thing was neuer -founde contrarying, blemishing, or in one sort or other impugning his -honour (one sole imposition or taxe contraried in his gouernement of -_Gascoigne_ excepted) yet in the highest estate of happinesse wherein -hee alwayes liued, was hee neuer more happie or glorious, then euen -in his verie death. Insomuch as hee then dyed, at which time in most -honour and highest, toppe of all prosperitie, hee was principallie -established and chieflie florishing: at that instant in which the -type of his excellencie was in no one tytle or iote obscured: at that -verie season when in the whole course and practise of his life, hauing -still addicted himselfe to sounde out the incertaine and momentarie -pleasures of the worlde, he had by perfect tryall found out the small -validitie and little affiaunce that was to bee reposed in transitorie -and fading glorie of the same. Euen then, when in the exchaunge of the -eternall habitation (the incomprehensible ioyes whereof no eye hath -seene, eare hath heard, nor tongue can expresse,) hee best knewe howe -to leaue this wretched life, and to compasse the sweete and wholesome -meditation of the other. He died (my L.) as hee euer liued, vertuouslie -and honourablie, the determination of whose deceasing corps, was -preparation to newe ioyes: and commutation of momentarie pleasures, an -assurance of euer flourishing gladnesse. Thus, see you (my good L.) -before your eyes, the most certaine and assured counterfeite of verie -true Nobilitie, furnished in the discouerie of such a one, whose -personage beeing in no kinde of excellencie inferiour, to that in the -highest degree may bee of any other imagined: deserueth by so much the -more of all honourable estates accordingly to be embraced. Great is -the ornament of prayse, and precious the renowne that longeth to such -vertue: the Diamond glimpse whereof equalleth in beautie the fairest, -and dimmeth by the verie shadowe thereof the glittering pompe of the -mightiest. Beautie, strength, comelinesse fadeth, yea, the worlde -decayeth, pleasure vanisheth, and the verie face of heauen it selfe -perisheth: Onlie sacred _vertue_ is immortall, she neuer dieth, euer -quickeneth, absolutely triumpheth, and ouer all other earthly monuments -euen out of the deepest graue for euer flourisheth. Liue therefore -my L. vertuouslie, and die wheresoeuer and whensoeuer, yet howsoeuer -honourablie. My paper burthened with his long discourse, desirous -rather to recreate then toyle your L. enforceth an ende. Recommending -my humble duetie in whatsoeuer to your honourable acceptance. - -=The respects of this |Epistle| argued in the personage of so noble a -Prince, haue caried in the matter thereof, the very shew of the highest -and chiefest vertues, whereupon all commendation may bee principallie -gathered. The next hereunto shall be |Vituperatorie| also touching -the person. Wherein as wee haue in the other, sought by all occasions -and circumstances therunto incident, what to the furtherance of such -requisite commendation might be alledged: so will we herein imagin vpon -what groundes or respects the occasions of dispraise, may as farre -forth otherwise in anie other qualitie be remembred.= - - - _An example of an Epistle vituperatorie, concerning - also the person._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._ Of the cause mouing admiration.] - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradoxon._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradoxon._] - -[Sidenote: His Parents.] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria. Epanodis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antiphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Apostrophe._] - -[Sidenote: His childhood.] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Omoioteleton._] - -[Sidenote: _Adolescencie._] - -[Sidenote: _Sinathrismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Parison._] - -[Sidenote: _Brachiologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Ironia._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: His youth and age.] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Transitiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._] - -[Sidenote: His inordinarie sicknes.] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._ His death.] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -Sir, the straungenesse of an accident happening of late amongst vs, -hath occasioned at this instaunt, this discourse to come vnto your -handes. There was, if you remember, at your last beeng with mee in -the Countrey, a man of great abilitie, dwelling about a mile from me, -his name was B. and if I faile not of memorie therein, wee had once -at a dinner together sitting (by occasion of a pleasaunt Gentleman -then beeing in our companie) greate speaches of him: the man I knowe -is not cleane out of your conceite, and therefore I will cease in -further speaches at this presente to reuoke him. What generall hate the -people bare him, and howe ill hee deserued from his first conuersing -among them, you haue not (I am sure) forgotten, in so much as he was -called the _Hell_ of the world, the _Plague_ of a common-weale, the -_Mischiefe_ of men, and the _Bondslaue_ of the deuill. And no maruaile, -for what iniurie mighte bee conceiued, that was not by him imagined? -what euill coulde there bee that hee shunned to practise? What -mercilesse dealing that hee woulde not proffer? What apparant wrong -that hee ceased to inferre? What execrable extortion that hee cared not -to committe? What villanie so damnable that he durste not put forwarde? -O God, it is incredible to thinke, and vnpossible to bee surmised, -howe greate, howe forcible, howe manifolde, howe mischieuous, howe -insufferable, howe detestable hath beene the originall, progression, -continuation, and determination of his most wicked and shamelesse life, -and were it not that by the incessant outcries, continuall cursinges, -and horrible denuntiations of the innumerable multitude of those, whome -in his life time hee yoked, whome with his actions he feared, whom -with the weighte of his endelesse wealth, hee poized downe, that they -durste not then whisper in secrete, what nowe they openlie discouer, -whereby the force of his wickednesse being then secrete, became not as -nowe so open and apparant. I durste not me thinkes of my selfe so much -as surmize but the one halfe of that, wherein he became so notorious, -so rare and vnused are the euils, wherein hee seemed so throughly to -bee fleshed. I haue woondered sithence with my selfe many times: what -soyle it might bee, or what constellation so furious, as effected -their operations in production of so bad and vile a creature, at the -time when hee was first put forwarde with liuing into the worlde: In -the search whereof I haue beene the lesse astonied, in so much as -thereby I haue growne into some particular knowledge of his originall -and parentes. His sire I haue vnderstoode was a villaine by birth, by -nature, by soyle, by discente, by education, by practise, by studie, by -experience: his damme the common sinke of euerie rakehels filthinesse: -the one of whome (after innumerable offences committed, whereby -hee deserued a thousande deathes) was at the last for a detestable -and notorius crime burned peecemeale vppon a stage in Holland, and -the other (after sundrie consuming and filthie diseases, neuer able -to rid her) was in like manner hanged aliue in chaines for a most -horrible murder in England. Expect you not then, that the procreation -and generation of such an issue, must by argumente of the Parentes -condition, sorte to some notable purpose: you doe I know, and in -trueth howe coulde it otherwise bee likely. Nowe if hereby wee shoulde -conceiue of his education, and howe his childehoode past away beeing -fostered vp as hee was, from one place to another, without any certaine -abiding, but onely _Cœlum omnibus commune_, the common habitation of -the worlde. We must no doubte suppose that he sawe much, knewe much, -practised much, ouerpassed much, and was glutted with verie much. And -surely if I shoulde giue credite to some whome I durst beleeue, that -knewe him euen then when hee was not much more then a childe, the -verie yeares he lastly bare, gaue not more assured testimonie of what -hee nowe was, then the season in which he then passed, did yeelde an -inuiolable approbation, what in time following he would become, for -euen thē; what rapine, what theft, what iniurie, what slaunder, what -lying, what enuie, what malice, what desperate boldnesse, and daring -to enter into any mischiefe, was in him throughly planted? There was -not (by reporte) any one thinge whereby a man might afterwarde bee -coniectured to become infamous, but was in him fully replenished. -Credite mee, I coniecture so manifoldly of the sequell of his actions, -as when I vnderstande what hee was so ripely, I maruaile that hee -liued thus long so wickedly. But shall I turne here from, to his -Adolescencie, and shew what therein I haue hearde? Truely it passeth -all capacitie to be censured: and it is too much to bee thought vppon. -His pride, his bouldnes, his shameles countenance, his lookes, his -gesture, his shew, his liuing, his conuersation, his companie, his -hauntes shewed still what hee was: There was no rake-hell, no ruffian, -no knaue, no villaine, no cogging raskall, no hatefull companion, no -robber on high waies, no priuy pilferer, but his hande was in with him, -and that hee was a copesmate for him, no brothell house but he haunted, -no odde corner but hee knewe, no cutter, but hee was a sharer with, -no person so lasciuious, abiect, vilde, or dissolute, but hee would -bee a copartner with. Yet after all these trades, hauntes, sharinges, -and partakings, hee became at last to serue an olde miser, aged for -his yeares and miserable for his couetousnes. This wretched olde man -(as each one fancieth as hee liketh) conceiued so much of the odde -youth, that hee took him into his seruice, where, with badde attire, -and thredbare diet, hee liued with him a prettie season, somewhat more -then quarter maister. In the ende (by whose thefte God knowes) the man -had a chist broken vp, and a little coyne and plate stolne, where with -(becomming desperate) it was deliuered hee hung himselfe for griefe, -and beeing nowe deade, lefte no issue or other heire, to succeede his -wretchednesse and double barred hoorde, but B. his man, who being a -strong lubber, was by this time growne a sturdie knaue, and would -needes bee counted a man, and thereupon hee became owner and intruder -to his maisters pelfe, wretchednes and miserie. To reckon to you since, -howe hee came into the countrie here, beecame a purchaser, howe hee -hath spente his youth, passed his olde age, what bribery, extortion, -wrong, crueltie, rapine, mischiefe, and all kinde of villanie, hee -hath bolstered, perpetrated, followed: what infidelitie, falshoode, -reuenge, priuy guile, treacherie, betraying the innocent, beating downe -the poore, fatherlesse and widowes: howe much euill hee hath done and -what litle good he hath deserued, what shoulde I clogge my selfe with -the remembrance, or trouble you with the rehearsall. It is too much, I -am not able, I cannot, nay, it were vnpossible to perfourme it. What -resteth then, but that I hasten to the scope which in my foremost -purpose was intended, that hauing deliuered his shamefull life, I -doe reporte vnto you his shamelesse and vnaccustomed death. See then -the incomprehensible power and iustice of God, see the weight of his -measure, see the woonderfull demonstration of his secrete iudgement, -howe of a carelesse life ensueth a cankered death: of a wilfull liuing -a wretched ending: of such money misers so manifolde miseries; as -whereof I sigh to thinke, and grieue to remember. The man somewhat -before his sicknesse grew into an extreame numnesse, in so much as hee -that neuer lusted to helpe others, was not nowe able to helpe himselfe, -nor any cared to relieue him: afterwardes fretting and fuming with him -selfe as it seemed, that not withstanding his greate masse of money, -and huge heape of wealth, none could bee entreated with prayers, or -hiered with guiftes, so much as to meddle with him, he grew into such -a frensie, and consequently, into so ranck a madnes, that hee sate -swearing and blaspheming, crying, cursing, and banning, and that most -execrable, his lookes were grimme, furious and chaunged, his face -terrible, his sight fiery and pearcing, they that sawe him feared, and -they that heard of it durst not come nigh him. In conclusion, some that -pittied him more then his deseruing, and grieued to see that, they -coulde not redresse in him, caused a companie to watch him, others to -prouide warme brothes, and in conclusion vsed all meanes possible to -comforte him. But what can man doe to preuent the secret determination -of the almightie? For loe whilst all men lefte him, and each one stoode -in doubt of him, a companie of rattes vpon a sudden possest his house, -his tables, his chymnies, his chambers, yea his verie bed and his -lodging, vpon which & about which, they were so bold, as in the sight -of the beholders they durst appeare and come before them, and beeing -stroken, aboade, and were killed, and others come in their places: -What shall I say, the sight became so vncouth, as all men shunned, -ech one feared, and none durst abide it; whereupon the miser beeing -lefte alone, thus pittifully died. The stench of his corpes admitted -neither day-light nor companie wherein to bee buried. Two onely that -were the conueyers of him, sickened vehemently, and one of them dyed, -the other is yet scarcely recouered. The matter hereof seemed vnto me -so straunge, and therewithall so opportune to warne vs of our actions, -considering how seuerely God punisheth when hee is once bent to -correction, as I coulde not but deeply consider of it, weighing with -my self that such as was his life, such was his death, the one beeing -hated of manie, the other not to be tolerated of any. The circumstance -whereof, referring herewith to your deep consideration, I doe bid you -hartily farewell. - - - - - _Of Epistles deliberatiue. - Chap. 10._ - - -=The next vnto these laste of this |Demonstratiue| kinds are nowe the -|Deliberatiue|, the first titles whereof in order suted forth, appeare -to bee |Hortatorie|, |Dehortatorie|, |Swasorie|, and |Disswasorie|. -These beeing as I saide before, neerlie affined together (sauing -onelie that the |Hortatorie| and |Dehortatorie| are a little more -vehement, stirring and pricking then the others, yet both consisting -in well aduising and counselling, the one by necessitie, the other -as an inducement to thinges laudable and worthie) neede therefore in -all seeming but one maner of direction in them to be followed. You -shall then vnderstand that the seuerall partes in either of these -|Hortatorie| or |Swasorie|, to be considered, doe principally stand -vppon a diuersitie of affections, which nature as it seemeth, hath from -the beginning ordained, to bee as it were stirrings or prouocations -within vs, thereby to propose a direct and most readie waie vnto -|Vertue|, or to terrifie by like degrees, or withdrawe vs from the -pursuing of vices.= - -=The motions or effects herein frequented, may bee said to bee either -of praise or mislike, of hope or reward, or feare of euill to folow, -of loue to well doing, or of hate vnto badnes, of emulation of others -praise, glory, or reputation, of expectation thereon depending, of -examples or of intreatie. By laying out of all or either of these, as -occasion shall serue, consisteth the efficacie of all exhortation or -aduising, pulling backe or disswading. Now how the qualities of these, -or any other in generall touching the propertie they haue with |Vertue| -or |Vice|, may for any turne be allotted: I must as well for this -|Deliberatiue| kind ensuing, as for all other titles whatsoeuer, the -same hereafter requiring, wholy referre the learner to the places in -the chapter preceeding the Epistles |Laudatorie| and |Vituperatorie| in -all things to be directed.= - -=As touching these particularities, which wee haue tearmed |Motions| -and |affects|, let vs consider if you will in seuerall, and see what -efficacie by distinguishment of all their properties & partes they may -beare in this writing. |Praise| (no doubt) in matter of exhortation -or stirring vp to well doing is of most singular force, and so -questionlesse is |Mislike|, when generallie it may bee drawne from a -regarded conceite of the greatest and woorthiest, to the withdrawing -from euill. For if we shall but enter into, or consider of our owne -common passages: what is it I pray you that preferreth or disalloweth, -giueth grace or disableth the actions and endeuours of men, but the -speciall allowance or mislike that is euery where had of them? Is -it not account alone that giueth encouragement vnto |Vertue|? Is -|Vertue| so fullie aduaunced in anie thing as in the estimate prayse -and reputation, that is attributed vnto her? No surelie. And this by -insight had into the verie woorst and lowest sort of men shall you -find, that there is hardlie anie lyuing of so base and contemptible a -spirite, but that by |Prayse| and commendation, hee may bee drawne vppe -to some liking of well dooing. And howebeit the issues of mens actions -doe at anie time seeme to bee spotted with euill, yet desire they at -the least wise for their reckoning sake, that they might bee esteemed -as good.= - -=By this appeareth the singularitie of thinges excellent, in so much as -nothing is, or séemeth rightlie prayse-woorthie, but what is accounted -good, so little reputation haue the perpetratours of euilles, as -that of necessitie they are compelled to seeke credite, by falselie -attributing vnto themselues the name of good. Howe much more then true -|Prayse| and |Mislike| of thinges woorthie, or to bee despysed, may by -all lykelihoode bee auailable with those of good spirite, to drawe them -to |Vertues|. - -=To applie nowe this prayse in exhorting or counsailing anie one, it -behooueth wee first conceyue what disposition, habiliments, or other -matter of value are in him whome wee haue to deale with, furthering -or conuenient to such a purpose, whereunto wee woulde exhort or -perswade him, and the likelihoode of the same, greatlie to put foorth -or commende: or if before time he haue behaued himselfe anie wayes -well, we shall incourage him in praysing of that alreadie done; and in -shewing that the more excellent the thing is, the more difficult it is -to bee attained, for _Difficilia quæ pulchra_, and yet the difficultie -not so great as the prayse, glorie and recordation thereof, shall -thereby afterwards be returned honourable.= - -=Likewise, if the state of the partie doe serue thereunto, it shall -not bee amisse to put him in minde of his parentage, or that fayling, -of his Fortune, Vertue, Nobilitie of minde, Wit, towardnesse, his -great expectation, abilitie, age, and Discretion, all of them no lesse -requiring, but this with great modeste to be deliuered, least in -séeming to preferre the certaintie of those vertues which are of good -account to be in him, we doe not palpably gloze with the partie, and -as it were seeke to drawe from his person, or account, the things that -neuer came neare him.= - -=Now as |Prayse|, and the laudable estimate of euerie good action, -together with the iust mislike of thinges euill, spurreth and eggeth -forward to great purposes, so verie much thereunto preuaileth this -other of |Hope|, not that which of a seruile and base humour or -condition ensueth, which expecteth nothing that is frustrate of gain, -and performeth all endeuours by expectation of reward, but that -vertuous kinde of |Hope|, which enableth to the perfection and absolute -summe of all worthinesse, and whose limit is honour, reputation, -estimate and account: A like Companion whereunto is |Loue|, beeing -a zealous affectation of thinges singular, which |Loue| produceth -likewise in it selfe, not a mislike onelie, but a burning |Hate| of -things vile, contemptible, and vnbeseeming.= - -=As these in themselues doe each particularlie thrust forwards to -goodnes, so many times |Feare|, or doubt of inconuenience that may -ensue, terrifieth or disswadeth from euils. |Commiseration| of the -lamentable estate of any one, prouoketh also sometimes to pittie, and -disturneth in like sort manie times from reuenge. |Expectatiō|, as wel -of |Loue| as of |Hate|, of good opinion as mislike in compassing of -any thing is not the least. |Shame| & ignomie of the action also, the -dependance whereof is oftentimes occasion sufficient of well doing, and -hindrance alike, and withdrawing from euill purposes. But aboue all is -the spur of |Emulation|, whose force gathered by a certaine kind of -|Enuie|, of others proceedings kindleth flames of regarde to aspire vnto -the like, but not that sluggish and execrable enuie bred of most wicked -and detestable malice, which when it selfe cannot, nor is able to doe -any thing worthie, snatcheth and continuallie gnaweth on the deserts -of others, but that generous and noble kind of enuie which discreete -|Nature| and vertue haue insinuated in our mindes, emulating by a -feruent desire to compasse, or possibly to go beyond what mightily by -others hath béene performed.= - -=The authoritie of |Example| is also very weightie, giuing warrant to -any vertuous imitation that may be prescribed, and lastly requests and -intreatie which euer more preuaileth according to the writers credit or -grauity. These being sufficently considered, we will nowe according to -such like directions, endeuour to suite foorth vnto you some particular -examples.= - - - _An Example of an Epistle Exhortatorie for - the attaining of vertue._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: _Insinuatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._ Praise of the person.] - -[Sidenote: _Paræmia._] - -[Sidenote: _Exhortatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Confirmatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Ab æquo._] - -[Sidenote: praise of his ancestors.] - -[Sidenote: _A necessitate._] - -[Sidenote: Of expectation.] - -[Sidenote: Of loue and hate.] - -[Sidenote: _Hyberbole._] - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -[Sidenote: entreatie.] - -I haue manie times desired with my selfe (good Cosin) to obtaine some -necessarie meanes, whereby to manyfest the greate good will I doe -owe vnto you, and in some sorte or other to giue you to vnderstande, -howe much and howe greatly I haue tendred those good partes, that -manie times I haue seene and prooued to bee in you. And for as much -as _Fortune_ hath denied vnto mee the estate, reputation and wealth, -that manie haue gained, and the most doe couet, whereby I cannot if I -woulde, bestowe vppon you such riches and treasures as might breede -content vnto others: I am determmined to imparte vnto you, that, which -vnto your present condition seemeth most requisite, and wherewith vse -and common experience hath heretofore inured mee, in steede of wealth -to giue you wordes, in steede of golde, good, for riches, reason, and -in lue of liuing, to affoord you a louing and constant hearte. And -whereas I am enfourmed, that contrarie to the expectation of some -(who ouer peremptorily haue heretofore deemed of these your young -yeares to be laden with loosenesse, and led forwarde by libertie) you -haue of your selfe, and of your owne motion and free will, obtained -license and allowance of your father to go to _Cambridge_, in minde to -giue your selfe whollie to studie, and the sole fruition of learning, -I mused with my selfe whether I might more commende the motion, or -attende your perseuerance in the action that thereby you haue taken -in hande, in so much as the memorie of the one cannot bee for the -worthinesse more permanent, thē the glorie of the other, to your -euerlasting commendation, will appeare to be most excellent. It is -reported of the mightie _Alexander of Macedon_, that he was a King, -that he was puissant, that he was warlike, that hee was famous, that -he was a Conqueror, and that hee subdued the whole worlde: but when -he came to himselfe, to the conuincing of his owne appetite, to rule -reason by the square of right he became a meacocke, a childe, an -infant, what should I say? he was no bodie. Howe much greater then -hee was, hadde the woorthie Prince appeared, if as in the conquest -of sundrie mightie kinges, regions and prouinces, so in all other -thinges tending to the suppression of his owne peculiar affectes, he -had bene no lesse or fullie so much as _Alexander_. _Scipio_, the most -renowned amongst the Romanes, and for his sundrie great exploites in -_Affrica_, surnamed _Affricanus_, we doe reade, atchieued many valiant -and incomparable victories, and were it but that sole battell which -hee fought (when _Rome_ was nowe at wracke, her Nobilitie spoyled, -and her glorie trode vnder foote, readie almost vppon any reasonable -condition to bee deliuered into the handes of the enemie) in which hee -then freed his citie, repulsed _Haniball_ by a mightie ouerthrowe, -and thereby daunted so farre foorth his pride for euer, as expelled -from him all hope thence forwarde, at anie time else to become a -Conquerour: It coulde not otherwise bee saide without question, but -herein, yea in this onelie action, hee deserued eternall memorie: But -was hee herein, thinke you, and for this onely matter throughout all -the prouinces recounted so famous? No assuredlie. It was also his -rare and most singular vertues otherwise, that fullie perfected and -polished the glorie thereof. It was his rare _Temperance_, _Modestie_, -_Continencie_, and _Sobrietie_, wherein with woonderfull admiration -hee exceedinglie flourished, and became extolled aboue all others. -This was it, wherein more then Alexander hee became regarded and -famous. The conquestes that by this meanes hee daylie made of himselfe, -returned more glorie to Rome, more firme faith and reuerence, then -the forcible progression of all other his fattall ouerthrowes and -victories: of so greate and woonderfull reputation is Vertue to all -her followers. This beeing so, how can I then say, but in this your -action, you haue of your selfe right wel begun, how can I think, but -aboue many others you haue therein verie well deserued? Wherein shoulde -I augmente your praise if not in that which you haue heereby so well -performed, the force, operation, and effect of all which, hath onely -consisted in subduing your owne appetite? Great commendation haue -you won I must needes confesse, and more then with common worthines -haue you in this thinge demeaned your selfe, but (my good Cosen) it -is not ynough to haue well begun in a matter, without also therein -you doe vse perseuerance. _Hanniball_ knew well how to subdue, but he -knew not howe to entertaine his victories. As you haue alreadie in -this your resolution gotten great good liking, so behooueth both for -the preseruation of what alreadie woone, and to induce a perpetuall -increase to the same, that you doe euermore frequente and by earnest -and zealous prosecution seeke still to entertaine the fruits thereof. -Proceede then a Gods name, and goe on with good lucke in your -enterprise, the more harder and greater you finde the difficulty in -attaining to _vertue_, the more vehemente shall bee your glorie, and -the more honourable the reputation that thereby is pursued. For, what -hath a man of all that may be left vnto him in this worlde, whereof to -vaunt himselfe, but the memorie of that wherein he hath most worthily -trauailed. The rich reape possessions, which when themselues are once -passed away, are immediately distributed to others. The pleasures of -the worlde are momentarie, and after wee are once deade wee perceiue -them no more. Worship, honour and dignitie, perisheth euen in the verie -selfe remembrance. The reuenues of the mightie, when life is once fled, -are no more to be tendred. Shall wee then for a number of fruitelesse -vanities, (the regarde whereof doeth neuer last longer, then whilest -wee are in present vse of them) neglect the search of that which is of -all others most permanent? No surely. So behooueth not such as your -selfe, that of your auncestours haue had so many good encouragements, -beseemeth not the remembrance of their excellencies in you alone to -bee perished. Tis _vertue_, beleeue me, that procureth _Fame_, and -soly _Fame_ that makes men immortall. All other meanes are feeble as -the originall from whence they are deriued is vncertaine. At leaste -wise, it shall many other waies stande you greatly vppon, to continue -this course, in so much as by the æmulation of the vertues of others, -you shall thereunto be constrained, besides the loue and regarde -that all men haue borne, and euer doe beare to the remembrance of -vertue, the expectation of your entirely fauouring and carefull louing -friendes, who with greate longing doe attende the prosequution of your -woorthinesse, the ill conceite, malice and spite that some haue hadde -towardes you, whereby to ouerthrowe the good opinion of your father, -who with greater greedinesse than Woolues themselues, with more enuie -than the Crocodile, and farre more poyson than the serpent, doe lie in -waite but onely to hearken after the newes of your declination, and the -dissolued purpose of your good intention. Finally, my dearest and best -fauoured kinsman, I doe adiure you, pray you, and as earnestly as I -can beeseech you, by the verie pure and entire loue of vertue, whereof -you nowe shall become partaker, by the immortall fame thereunto onely -awarded, by the care you are bounde and ought to haue of your selfe, -by all the kindred that hath tied vs in affinitie together, by all the -loues and possible entreatie that I can, you doe persist, continue and -remaine firme in this your intended purpose. In pursuite whereof you -shall minister vnto your friendes ioy and comforte, to your enemies -shame and reproch, to your selfe praise and eternall regarde, and to -all sortes of your acquaintance occasion to admire you. Preferring many -times my care and earnest affection towards you, with my manifolde -greetings vnto your good selfe. I doe bid you farewell. &c. - - - - - Of Epistles Responsorie. - _Chap. 11._ - - -=For asmuch as the knowledge of letters |Responsorie| are as méete to -bee vnderstoode in the ordinarie occasions hereof as any others: I -deeme it not amisse amongst the passages of these seuerall titles of -Epistles to sorte you foorth also of them some particular Examples, -the better in their disposition to enable yᵉ learner as occasion -may serue. Touching which, it is to bee vnderstoode that the matter -of euerie answere taketh his originall of a letter precéeding, and -dependeth principally on the parts thereof. The ordering whereof -(except in Letters |Excusatorie| or |Defensorie|) is wholy exempted, -the course in those other letters prescribed, and the obseruation in -these, is principally to consider on what partes the letter which ought -to be answered consisteth or is chiefly grounded. Those, howebeit it -behooueth we doe fully answere, yet shall you not (as some ignorant -of weldoing haue done) recite in your answere the whole circumstance -of the matter charged, |verbatim| in a manner as it is written -before you, for that woulde bréede tediousnesse, besides a ridiculous -disorder by such meanes frequented, but you shall (if néede so vrge) -capitulate the principall partes of euerie seuerall matter charged, -and thereupon frame you to answere the points, in sorte as before you, -shall be deliuered. Or sometimes not needing any rehersall at all, if -the pointes be but fewe, you shall answere onely as the matter you haue -in hande is to bée deliuered. Or otherwise in this sorte: |Touching -the pointes in your Letter to bee answered: for the first I say, or it -is thus or thus, &c. In the second, it is so or so. For the thirde, -in this manner or that. Touching the fourth, &c.| And so answere the -partes by their number. By which meanes you shall both drawe your -selfe to a breuitie therein, and become far more pithie in the matters -you haue to write of then otherwise can be expressed. And this béeing -sufficient for all matters hereafter, touching these |Responsorie| -kindes, we will nowe for the first Example set you downe an answere to -the epistle precéeding.= - - - _An example Responsorie to the last Epistle be- - fore remembred._ - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: _Dichologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -The regard of your exceeding good will, and weight of your aduise and -good exhortations (my verie good Cosen) haue mooued me many times to -thinke on you, and to thank you for the same, I take no litle comfort -of your great good liking of my determination, and that the endeuour -therof beareth so forcible allowance at your handes, as to reckon the -same in so hie and great accompte, as you doe. I did (I confesse) erre -a while, but howe? as a young man, I went astraie I graunt, but not -with perseuerance, for I reclaimed my selfe ere I fell, and stoode -vpright ere by ouer much weight I slided too far in my purposes, -_Errare est humanum, sed persistere belluinum_. The course I haue -taken in hand as it was estranged from the opinion of many: so in -the prosecutiō thereof, I hope to vse such pursuit, as willingly by -declination therein, I meane not to become offensiue to any. Feare you -not sir, the account is alreadie set downe, for notwithstanding my -greene yeares must yet of force continue their note of imbecilitie: -This prerogatiue yet remaineth, that I may as I liste adapt my opinion -to grauitie. You shall (good Coosen) doe mee a great pleasure, if as I -am partner of your loue and entyre affection, so I may sometymes bee -partaker with you of those exercises and sweet pleasures, wherewith -your studie is frequented: I meane that with some discourses of yours -you will nowe and then remember mee. By expectation whereof, you shall -often prouoke mee to aunswere you. Thus assuring my selfe of that I -neuer yet distrusted at your handes, your zeale and fidelitie towardes -mee; I regarde you as faithfull as I haue euer found you, and so will -alwayes account of you, &c. - - - _An example of an Epistle hortatorie, to the studie of learning._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Insinuatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Propositiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Procatalepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Commoratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Ab honesto._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Synathrismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Etiologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Epanodis._] - -[Sidenote: _Paramologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: Dignitie and zeale of others.] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: By example.] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -It is no little pleasure vnto me, to consider with my selfe my good N. -the great trauaile, cost, and paine, dayly employed by your dearest -beloued parents, to induce vnto you the precious, and of all other most -delicate and sweete pleasure of learning: the value whereof, is without -all estimate, and the comfort therein conceiued, in no wise to bee -comprehended: the louing regarde of whome, and the most lamentable want -of the other, when I doe see you either with some ill fauouring aspect -not to incline vnto, or with some more then straunge or vnused tearmes -not to account of, I cannot but greeue with my heart, respecting the -linke whereby I stand charged to either of you, in so great apparance -as I doe to behold the same. True it is, that you are a Gent. that you -are heire apparant to large and verie great possessions, that you are -(for the yeares you beare) of comely and goodly personage, that you are -in all things well accomplished, and euerie way as beseemeth: but yet -when I behold this fauour, this comlinesse, these accomplishments, and -know you to bee a Gent. and thinke vpon your large ensuing reuenues -and possessions, me thinkes there should yet be an ornament of all -these, and a thing of farre more goodly shewe, and more surpassing -value wanting to the same, that might if it were well entertained ad -more glorie vnto all the others, then the waight of the rest were euer -able to purchase. For suppose that all these complements of yours are -of large price, and verie necessarie, as they are indeede, and such -wherewith the state of man is greatly beautified, yet are they all but -thinges pertinent vnto the bodie, by force whereof (setting onelie -our shape aside) wee doe communicate in euerie thing with beastes, -for with them wee liue, wee mooue, wee go, wee eate, and enioie the -sensuall appetite of inward or outward abilities. _B_ut by the benefit -of learning, of knowledge, of skill, wee make difference of things, and -are onely thereby in our selues distinguished from beastes. And if man -which is the principal worke of God, was from the beginning a chosen -creature indued aboue any others, and therefore poynted to excell and -go beyond all others, howe much more needefull shall it bee for euerye -one according to such appoyntment to preferre and put forwarde the vse -thereof vnto his owne profite. And seeing as well by the ordinance -of God, as common vse of reason, whereby we are gouerned and ledde, -euerie man is induced to propose vnto himselfe the exercise of thinges -that are good and honest, and that the same also among these, which -maketh a man nearest to his Creatour in perfection, is of all others -the moste to bee desired: howe much auaylable then and importaunt is -it to euerie man to bee frequented with learning, the vse whereof -freeth him of common ignoraunce, and maketh him capable of the high and -loftie mysteries. And if in anie studie whatsoeuer, the reputation of -honest and good is to bee sought for, what I pray you then learning, -may bee iudged more honest, which hauing with it a certaine kinde of -diuine and sacred originall, hath from the beginning of the worlde, -beene with all men in greatest price and estimation. What may bee -deemed more good then that which from verie Asses and blockes, and (if -it were lawfull to say) from bruite men and beastes also themselues -maketh distinction, and without the which, there were left vnto vs from -such, no place at all of difference. What then that can bee sayde to -bee more honest, which draweth a man vppe to the diuine contemplation -of the sacred Maiestie, to the knowledge of high and heauenly thinges, -of woorthie and honourable vertues, and beeing sequestred by the wante -thereof, hee becommeth no otherwise than as a hogge, still groueling -on the earth, searching onely wherewith to fill his bellie, neglecting -in the meane time the expectation or regarde of any other statelie or -eternall Soueraintie. Nowe therefore, if the vse of learning, as the -thinge of greatest accompt and most woorthie, is heere sette downe to -bee so generallie, commended to all sortes of men, howe much more -consonant and agreeing is it then to the reputation of a Gentleman, who -by what distaunce so euer hee is measured in capacitie, minde, order, -state and gouernment from anie other common or ordinarie person, by -so much the more ought hee in all endeuours to aspyre and seek to goe -beyond them. For whereas all other men in their seuerall vocations are -for the most parte, as it were withdrawne from the speciall notice and -eye-marke of all publique administration and gouernement: the Gentl. -contrariwise, the more woorthie and noble that hee is in calling, the -more neerer is hee to that aduauncement whereunto by nothing so much as -learning hee is enabled to bee preferred. For what profitable member -can hee bee in such a place, whose ignoraunce is farre greater then his -witte, and whose knowledge is lesse then the least of that, whereof -hee ought to take notice and experience. And seeing learning is of all -other thinges, a store-house so plentifull and precious, as whereof -the wiseman maketh his treasure, the poore man his riches, and the -wealthy one his pastime and pleasure, shall the Gentleman who in all -other thinges, by Nature striueth to bee excellent, bee in the greatest -action of all others so carelesse and negligent? Admit that you will -heere alledge the tediousnesse of studie, and a certaine impossibilitie -almost to attaine thereunto, I must aunswere vnto you againe, that -this commeth not of the labour thereof, which to those that willingly -aspire to the delicate taste of the same, yeeldeth great facilitie with -pleasure to bee receyued: but to a slouthfull and sluggish endeuour and -disposition. Far be it therefore (good Sir) that you beeing a Gentleman -in all other thinges so towardly, and the sonne of such a one as you -are, shoulde with the touch of so great a blemish, bee so throughly -stained. So woorthie a discente as whereof you are deriued, such -infancie and child-hoode wherein so worthily you haue beene trained, -so great loue and charge of parents wherewithe you may bee animated, -doe inuite you farre otherwise, and to a more excellent purpose. Let -the sweete and yet vnknowne delight thereof prouoke you, the praise and -commendation solye to vertue appropriate and belonging, once prick you -forward, the honour and aduancement thereby continually happening egge -you. And if none of all these preuaile, yet the riches and rewarde -farre greater then anie earthly treasure, which are therunto incident, -tie you to a desire thereof. Thinke of the worthines of those, who -by howe much the more noble they were in birth, by so much the more -zealouslie they haue trauelled, not shunning any labour, sweate, -tediousnesse, scorning, yea bondage it selfe, whereby to compasse vnto -themselues the glorie and rewardes annexed to the dignitie heereof. -And if no other remembrance may be sufficient to establish you, regard -yet your liuing father and grandfather, the one of whom neglecting his -ease and quiet at home, trauailed all Fraunce, Germanie, and Italie, -to the intent to attaine vnto the greatnesse of that whereunto you are -so hardly perswaded. Neither thinke I that you in whome all other good -actions do so plentifully flow, wil herein alone with a little labour -be terrified: Wherefore my good N. I eftsoones entreate you againe, and -againe, by all the loue you haue ought to your name, fame, parentage -and stocke, and by all the expectation that in them, or anie of them, -is of your happinesse conceiued, you will proceede in this purpose: the -weight whereof besides the commoditie and pleasure redounding to your -selfe, shall vnto your parents and all others returne most comfortable -and pleasing. All which recommending to your courteous consideration to -bee entertained, I doe herewith take my leaue, &c. - - - _An other example Hortatorie, wherein an honourable Gentleman - is egged forward in the profession of Armes, and seruice - of his Prince and Country._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -Sithence the time of my little abode heere in London being scarce -twentie dayes, vnderstanding of the being in town of my La. your -mother, I repaired thereupon to her presence to visite her: there did I -receiue notice of your being in Ireland, and that vpon your honourable -behauiour, and good seruice there done: The L. D. did not onely -testifie the same by his owne hand-writing vnto diuers of the priuie -Counsell, but also in especiall letters besides commended the weight -thereof, vnto the regard of her most excellent Maiestie. - -[Sidenote: _Insinuatio_ by praise of the action.] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -I did not a little reioyce to see that in such young yeares wherein -commonlie falleth out a contempt of all excellencies, and a -fantasticall desyre of counterfeyte vanities, you coulde (besides the -common trade and custome of the worlde) addict your selfe wholie vnto -so weightie and honourable an exercise, as by laboursome trauaile in -the seruice and honour of your Prince and countrie, to put forwarde -your selfe so timely. Credite mee, it is not a little pleasing vnto mee -to thinke thereon, neither standeth my affection so slender vnto your -fathers off-spring, but that I must euer holde the reputation of their -weldoing, an aduauncemente to my imaginations, and the sounde of their -good successe the verie harmonie of mine inwarde soule. - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -It is no newe thing I confesse, euen in these dayes to see a Gentleman -honourablie descended as your selfe, and of like worthie education, to -attaine vnto learning, to become practised in Armes, to put forward -themselues in seruice, but to continue with resolution, to performe it -with labour, to atchieue it with valour, to beare it with honour, here -is the excellencie, this is the rarenesse, hence springeth the noueltie. - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._ vertue hath three entrances.] - -[Sidenote: Fortitude.] - -[Sidenote: Magnanimitie.] - -[Sidenote: Longanimitie.] - -_Vertue_ retaining yet her ancient Maiestie, though not pursued as -in olde time, with such woonted vehemencie, hath three entraunces, -leading directly vnto her beautifull passage, by the portes whereof, -whosoeuer is desirous to attaine her, in her purest and most glorious -estate, must of necessitie enter. First, _Fortitude_, whereby hee must -be enabled to endure whatsoeuer labour and trauell to be imposed, -accounting nothing difficult, to the end and sweet rewarde whereof her -excellencie is appropriate. Next, _Magnanimitie_, which by a vehement -and haughtie desire, reacheth vnto thinges most excellent & of highest -and stateliest value, not regarding the hard, tough, & maine force of -the passage, with what pursuit soeuer it must bee followed, so be it -by such meanes it may be wonne, and the glorie thereunto due, may at -last be attained: the reach wherof, tending to the last end and scope -of al his determinatiōs, sweetneth all maner of trauel, and induceth -therewithal a contempt of whatsoeuer lesse valued or hindering, to -the worthines of the same. Then _Longanimity_, enabling by greate -constancie with rare and accustomed patience, to awaite and endure the -end, neuer giuing ouer vpon whatsoeuer assaults, til the determined -scope be by all kind of industry fullie and perfectly furnished. - -[Sidenote: _Etiologia._] - -For this cause, the most renowmed parte of _vertue_ is saide to bee -excellent, for that manie doe contemplate her a far off, but few or -none at all doe almost come so nigh her, as perfectly to see and -discerne her, in so much as some, nothing regarding the singularitie of -that, whose sweetnesse they neuer tasted of, become forcelesse of the -pursuit of so diuine an excellencie: and some other fauouring a litle -the daintines thereof, yet ouer-reached with the tediousnes of the -enterprise, and hindered by the opposition of a thousand vanities, are -so astonished in the first onset, as being therewith ouercome, doe by -and by giue ouer their purposes. - -[Sidenote: Adhortation to vertue.] - -Now therefore my C. if you will bee a right fauourer of _vertue_ -indeede, it behooueth that by these possibilities you doe (as a -faithful regarder of her diuine & sacred essence) only seeke to pursue -her, and that with such and none other respectes, and to no other ende -and purpose, but for the sole fruition of her stately and immortall -deitie. - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -The time now calleth you forth, your Countrie and soyle wherein you -were borne and nourished inuiteth you, your praise alreadie gotten, and -hope of renowne euer after to followe, perswade you, the honour of your -house and parentage constraineth you, yea euerie of these solie and -altogether doe exhort and commaund you, that becomming the selfe same -you vowed, and they long since haue looked for, you doe nowe shewe your -selfe such as was promised, and wherein the expectation first conceiued -of you, may in no wise bee frustrated. - -[Sidenote: _Clymax._] - -[Sidenote: _Antistrophe._] - -Consider I pray you, that the rewarde of _vertue is honour_, the -guerdon of _honour_, _Fame_, the scope of _Fame_, _Eternity_, the -seat of _eternity_, immortall and euerlasting glory. In liuing in the -seruice of your Prince and countrie, the profession you haue taken in -hand is honourable, the charge honourable, the purpose honourable, and -the ende and successe thereof must needes be honourable: behooueth then -that your continuance therein and your owne deserts be also deemed -honourable. - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Commoratio._] - -Thinke when you tooke vpon you to beare Armes, you then receiued the -full cognizance of _Vertue_, you were entertained with _honour_, you -became apprentise to _fame_, and it was assured (that beeing with -loyaltie demeaned) you shoulde at length receiue the rewarde of euer -flourishing glorie. It is (beleeue me) no small matter, that being -a particular member, you are put foorth as a piller, vpon the prop -whereof reposeth one parte of the weight of the common-weale, that -the ioyes of your whole countrie are fixed vpon your wel-doing, that -in pursuite hereof your priuate cause is not your owne, (the secrete -reuenge whereof may happelie turn to an infamed mischiefe) but the -cause of the _common good_, the publike matter of al, and that where -the scope is of all others most famous and honoured. - -[Sidenote: Of right and meet.] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -Being entertained in a sorte as you are, you shoulde highly wrong the -opinion of a greate manie, in drawing backe from that wherein you haue -beene alreadie so worthilie behaued, and in becomming lesse than that -whereunto in your cradle you were at the beginning so principally -ordained: for vnseemelie were it that you shoulde not haue beene -hereunto at the first committed, vnlawfull not to haue persisted, and -dishonourable (in due sorte) not to see it accomplished. - -[Sidenote: Of example. _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosopopœia._] - -Proceede then my C. in that whereunto your vertue, your Parentage, -your soile, and your fidelitie haue called you, thinke what, how much, -and how greatlie it importeth you, that hauing had so manie of your -auncestours since their first originall, who haue beene deemed so -woorthie, it fitteth not your selfe alone (in so important actions, -concerning especially the honour of your prince and countrie) to bee -founde otherwise then equall vnto them in the highest qualitie. So -and in such maner, and by such kind of meanes haue the most auncient -and renowned worthies of the world be come to be tearmed honored, -and mightie. So _Epaminondas_ and _Alcibiades_ among the _Grecians_, -_Æmilius Paulus_, _Fabii and Scipiones_ among the Romanes, haue bin -deemed most statelie. For such cause the acts of your predecessors & -nobilitie of your deceased father haue bin registred with the most -worthy. O so sweetly might sound from out his breathing ghost vnto your -liuing eare, that excellent verse of _Virgill_. - - _Disce puer virtutem ex me verumque laborem,_ - _Fortunam ex aliis._ - =Learne vertue (Child) of me and labours true,= - =But |Fortunes| chaunce, from others do pursue.= - -[Sidenote: His Parents.] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Dialysis._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -The signification whereof, what other thinge may it else importe, -but that betweene them who beeing neuer eternized by anie memorable -action, as hauing confounded their liues with obscuritie, and such as -neuer were borne, there resteth in maner no difference at all. _Ardua -virtutis est via._ T’is labours force that maketh way vnto _Vertue_: -great matters vnto the furtherance of her are but easie, the meaner, -trifles; the lowest of no value. To ouercome others by vertue is a -thinge most honourable, but in pursuite thereof to bee conuinced of -any other, is a thinge most vituperable: You are nowe brought by -Fortune into a straight passage, whereby of necessitie you must either -by reputation of most excelling worthinesse finish the iourney, or -recreant and discomfited, confesse the vttermost of your imbecilitie. -But what doe I conferre vnto your viewe, the notes of such and so -manie doubtes and hazardes, knowing a minde insinuate in your selfe -by nature, that coulde neuer so much as thinke or imagine of thinges -contemptible, or of anie vile or seruile qualitie at all? truelie for -no woorse meane, nor to anie other ende or purpose, but thereby to egge -you forwarde by all kinde of possibilities, to the encrease of your -highest woorthinesse, that by howe much the more you shall goe about to -excell any others, by so much the more greater you may be commended and -extolled aboue others. - -[Sidenote: _Parœmia._] - -Ease and securitie, are two pernicious enemies of euer flourishing -glorie, and industrie preuenteth all circumuention, which either by -slouth or negligence may bee imposed: the victorie is not any others, -but your owne, nor the honour to any other appertaining but vnto your -selfe. Bee therefore such in continuance, as may fullie bee answerable -to each part of your noblenesse, and God who is the creator of all -thinges, and fauourer of each worthie enterprise, blesse your endeuours -with the sustentation of _Vertue_, which is euer permanent. At B. this -of &c. - - - _An Epistle Swasorie, wherein a - Gentlewoman is counsel- - led to mariage._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Insinuatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -The extreame griefe wherein my selfe was a partaker with you, of the -death of your late husbande, woulde not suffer mee (good Mistresse E.) -at my last beeing with you, to deliuer what then I thought meete for -your estate, & sithence I haue more at large considered vppon to bee -for your profite. And albeit your selfe are, I knowe of discretion -sufficient, and the number of your friendes of regarde compotent, -both to consider and counsell, what vnto your present affayres may -bee deemed most correspondent: yet may it not bee ill accepted, if -my selfe of a great manie, that haue wyshed well to your person, and -fauoured euermore your good condition, doe heerein also among the -rest, put forwarde my meaning, and perswade you thereby vnto that, -which (though not alreadie may bee fitting to your instant lyking) yet -to your present behoofe may returne no question of soundest and best -consideration. - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -And first, I deeme it not impertinent to referre vnto your knowledge -what I haue throughly conceyued with my selfe of your beeing, _viz._ -that you are a widowe, a Gentlewoman of verie worshipfull parentage -and discent, the wife before time of a Gentleman of as good reputation -as liuing, as good alliaunce as credite, that you are knowne to bee -modest, discreete, wise and well gouerned, that you are and ought to -bee warie in your actions, and such as whereof the babling multitude -may reape no aduauntage, and finallie that by reason of the ouerhastie -determination of his life (whose continuaunce might haue ridde you of -innumerable cares) you are pestred with some troubles, the most part -of your liuing in suspence, and that whereof you deeme your selfe -most assured, hanging vppon so manie hazardes, as hitherto remayneth -doubtfull, in what sort you shall compasse it, or with what liking to -your selfe you may happily ouerpasse the same. - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -Touching the first, I warne you not that according to your present -estate, you do minde what you are, what you haue bin, of whom you are -discended, and in what sort you may best prouide with warinesse, to -deale for all these: but drawing to the latter, and weighing on what -tearmes you stande, howe hardly you are bestead, howe slender meanes -to auoid it, I repute him not the worst wel-willer, that coulde aduise -you with contentment and litle hazard, in what sort you might best -endeuour in all effectes to aunswere it. It is reported vnto mee, that -by the procurement of some, fauouring your aduauncement, there is nowe -profered vnto your lyking a young Gentleman, vertuous, discreete, and -well ordered, the sonne and heyre of a worshipfull Knight, on the -choyce and regarde of whose Parents, dependeth the best assuraunce of -your whole portion, in whose condition and behauiour, albeit you finde -no one thing to bee reprehended, yet disclaime you to bee married, you -will heare of no suters, there must bee in your presence no speech at -all of lyking, and you meane not so soone forsooth to set forwarde for -a husband. - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Commoratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Procatalepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Vtilitie._] - -[Sidenote: Necessitie.] - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -The course you doe take herein, seemeth in my opinion verie euill, -insomuch as contrarie to that, which both your yeares, your estate, -your liuing and present occasions doe require, you forciblie are -endeuoured to make so vndiscreete and setled a resistance: Whie La. doe -you thinke it profiteth at all, the deceased ghost of him that loued -you (a young Gentlewoman as you are, scarce exceeding twentie yeares) -to liue thus solitarie? Hangeth the censuring of your modestie, and -acceptaunce of that which your best friendes doe wish for, and the -wisest doe allowe of, on the tatling humours of common supposes? if it -bee deemed once fit for you to marry againe, and that vpon the warie -and circumspect choyse thereof dependeth a manner of necessitie, and -that nowe, before anie one of yours almost suspected it, the plenty of -that might bee charily wished for, is layde alreadie into your bosome, -behooueth the respect of a little time, which (beeing sooner or later, -so it bee perfourmed with modestie and aunswered with discretion) -mattereth not at all to detaine you so much, as thereby you are not -able to see into your owne profite? Is it not, I pray you, a purpose -honest that is tendered? Is it not a matter lawfull to bee accepted? -Is it a thing vnmeete for your present yeares at this instant to -be reputed? Nay, is it not all in all whatsoeuer, that in the best -sort as the case now standeth, may vnto you be offered? Why then -abstaine you the entertainment of your owne good? Why drawe you thus -backeward from your owne aduauncement? Why cease you to accept that, -whereunto in the ende you must by meere force bee compelled? If you -will beleeue mee in any thing, or doe suppose the waight of my credite -to be auaylable vnto you in ought, I would aduise you in other sort, -considering that by declyning from a selfe-opinion of that whereunto -without anie manifest reason you are induced, you shall doe most good -vnto your selfe, and giue occasion to them that loue you, to thinke -that by so doing, their good counselles haue happely preuailed with you -and wrought such aduauncemente vnto you, I haue thought with my selfe -many times sithence the death of your husbād, howe much imported the -vnsetled reach of your liuing to be renued in match with one of good -calling: see nowe God and Fortune more fauouring your hap, then your -selfe, your owne wel doing, haue sente you such a one, as of whome you -might vaunt, and iustly in all thinges be occasioned to accompt of. It -now appertaineth that either by fond self-wil, or too much vnkindnes, -you shake not off from you the foremost occasion of your succeeding -happines. I reck not what of the cōmon sort (more of ignorance then -wit) may insuppose of the hastie conclusion be in secret alleadged, -their errours like their fancies, are as incertaine as peeuish. Be you -onely herein perswaded, to what most of all beseemeth you, and think -that both in the waightines, and regard attributed to his and your -own worthines, you can for the present frame your selfe to nothing, -that to your estate may returne so cōmodious, whereunto though no -other matter at all enioyned you, it were sufficient that so forced -a necessitie constraineth you, to which the regard of your selfe and -your owne good fortune willeth to obey. Longer coulde I debate vnto you -the greate liking of many, conceiued of the partie, to the deliuerie -whereof by the report of your neerest kinsmen, I doe solie refer you, -onelie studying in this, and whatsoeuer els I may, by all indeuours -to pleasure you, whereof praying you to be most assured, I doe in all -curtesie leaue to detaine you. At B. this of, &c. - - - _Another Example of an Epistle Swasorie perswading - the carefull acceptance and regard - of one brother to - another._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium_, by insinuation.] - -The sounde and entire familiaritie wherewith your parents in their -life time sometimes entertained me, and the neerenes of neighbourhoode -twixte both our friendes and long education wherein iointly we haue -conuersed together, mooueth mee at this instant somewhat to write vnto -you in respect of the reputation credit, and accompt that in the worlde -you nowe beare, and also the rather to win you to the regarde of that, -which to the estate of your presente being, and worthinesse of your -parents, might be found meetest and conuenient. - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -It is giuen me to vnderstand of a younger brother you haue here in -London, who at the time of your fathers death beeing committed to your -charge, is for the defaulte of maintenaunce, badly inured, woorse -trained, and most perillously by all kinde of likelihood (through such -sufferaunce) in the loosnesse of his liuing alreadie hazarded. - -[Sidenote: _Liptote._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Parabola._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -I woondered not a little when I hearde it, and so much the more was -the matter troublesome vnto mee, in that respecting it was not tolde -in secrete, it seemed by the lookes and gestures of the whole companie -that heard it, your good demeanor thereby was very hardly censured, -for that standing in such case of credite as you doe, your wealth so -aboundant, and your parentes so well accompted of, you woulde in this -sort, and in that place of all others suffer him to wander carelesse, -whome you ought to the contrarie to haue constrained, by any possible -carefulnes. How ill beseeming it is both to you & yours, that it -shoulde so fall out, you may by supposes coniecture. For my parte, -it grieued mee when I heard it, and I was not quiet till I found -conuenient time to aduertise you of it. And if my opinion may at all -preuaile with you, you shoulde quickly call him home from hence, and -see him more better to be prouided for, and more worthily trained. -Consider I pray you, the life hee taketh in hand, befitteth not such -a one, whose originall was so honest, is ill beseeming the younger -brother of your selfe, vnwoorthie his birth or name of a Gentleman, and -altogether repugnant to the qualitie of your behauior or the greatnesse -of your liuing. You are to remember that hee is yet verie greene, nowe -pliable to whatsoeuer may bee impressed in him, as chafed waxe apte -to receiue anie figure, like vnto a newe vessell to bee seasoned with -whatsoeuer liquor, what hee now taketh taste and sauour of, that hee -holdeth, what habite you nowe cast vpon him, the same shadow he lightly -beareth. Great cause haue you therfore now to be warie how and in what -sort he liueth. - -[Sidenote: _Congeries._] - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -Your industrie, your brotherlie care, your loue, your especiall regarde -and kindnesse it is, that must bee ayding in this, you and none but -you are the man on whome hee relieth, you are to prouide for him, -and it is your selfe that must answere for him. Think that _nature_, -_loue_, _dutie_ yea verie _piety_ bindeth you vnto him, who hath none -other left to depend on, but such as by possibilitie your self may -become vnto him. In the consideration of which let (I pray you) my -wordes become thus much regarded vnto you, that herein as in all other -things you performe that beseemeth you. Longer could I occupie my selfe -to trauell in this action with you, but that I deem it (more then -impertinent) any further therein to require you. Greeting your selfe -manie times in my name, I bid you therefore farewell. From my house in -B. this of, &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Dehortatorie, and Disswasorie. Chap. 12._ - - -=Vnnecessary were it to wade further in either of these titles -|hortatorie| or |Swasorie|, the examples alreadie laide downe being -for them sufficient, wherfore we will now passe vnto the contraries -of these, being |Dehortatorie| and |disswasorie|. The partes and -places |exhorting| or |perswading| hauing as you sée bene drawne from -the qualities of praise, fortified in diuers sortes, as well by the -_person_, by the _action_, as by the _thing_ it selfe, where vnder was -comprehended what might be called _honest_ or good: So these on the -contrarie parte pulling backe or disswading, shall by the vnhonestie -of the action or thing as before hath bin said, and by the indignitie, -vniustnes, wickednes, insufferablenes, hate, mislike, contempt, or -hazard of danger, reputation or good name that thereof ensueth, be -euermore measured.= - -=In the handling whereof it is tolerable, by all sortes of arguments, -to infer and obiect any thinge to the diminution or defacing of that -which we go about to impugne. Yea, if need be, to inuert the good -also that in such a person may be supposed vnto a worser sence. As if -in dehorting or disswading a man from infidelity towards his country -I might first touching the action tender vnto him, how |vnnatural| -the cause is he taketh in hand, being against his natiue soile: how -|vnhonest|, by laying out the quality of the offence, how |vniust|, in -respect that it is against his allegiance to his Prince, how |impious|, -in that it retaineth no piety, turneth to the disturbance of a quiet -state, & bréedeth the subuersion of al peaceable gouernment, how -|insufferable|, by reason that good and wholesome lawes are thereby -infringed, all sortes of honest and good men wronged, and consequently -the common wealth by such meanes topsie turuie turned.= - -=For the |Person| if he were at any time of worth I might shewe then -the |indignitie|, or ill beséeming of such a thinge vnto him, for that -actions of such kinde are alwaies vnto the noble and best endued mindes -vtterly repugning. And so thereupon if in him there was euer reputed -any wisdome, I might diuert it now vnto follie, his |Fortitude|, I -might challenge to be |Temeritie|, his |moderation| crueltie, his -|stoutnes arrogancie|, his |haughtines pride|, his |Freedome loosnes|, -and consequently, for euerie other |vertue| induce or lay downe vnto -him a contrarie |vice|, respecting that by committing of actions so -|vile & contemptible|, all properties whatsoeuer of former esteemed -worthines doe vtterly loose the partes they haue of |good|, and -immideately are disturned there withall vnto euill.= - -=And as in Epistles |Exhorting| or |Perswading|, the intended vertue of -goodnesse of euerie thing is more amplie set foorth by the |opposite -euil|: So in these of |withdrawing| or |disswading| the intended -|euil| by the |opposite good|, is euer made more |hatefull|. Besides, -as there bee some thinges that are expresly good in themselues or -expresly euil, so are there some thinges that for themselues are helde -indifferent. In these, to perswade or withdrawe, there is a prettie -skill to be vsed, in which the discretion of the writer may not passe -vncommended, wherof (for so much as to a learner they may happely passe -vnregarded) I entende in this chapter to affoorde some application. For -in thinges alwaies knowne to be of themselues either good or euill, -there is no great cunning to make a shew of them as they are: but of -things which either by times, by liking, by place, by allowance, by -conuersation may be deemed good or bad, to be commended or disalowed, -in the setting foorth thereof appeareth both skill and discretion.= - -=For example, that mariage is a thinge much to be preferred, and to -the increase of man of so greate necessitie, as without which there -could bée no orderlie estate or societie, no man I am sure will denie -mée. And to a man vnwilling to enter thereinto, I might (with intent to -drawe him to a liking thereof) besides a number of necessarie causes -to be alleadged, as the decay of his house, the continuance of a -solitary, loose or bad kind of liuing, the end of his wealth and name -together hauing no issue to succéede him, infer also as much pertinent -to such a perswasion the sacred solemnization thereof in Paradise, -first by the |eternall Wisdome| himselfe thought méet and appointed, -then his pleasure to inioine the same to the worlds increase, then -the care that naturally we haue of issue to succéed vs, the indignity -for a man of value not to haue respect therof, the loue likewise & -mutuall societie betwixt man & wife, being of such mightie efficacie, -as wherunto no liking is to be compared, the swéet pleasures, cares & -delights, interchangeably passing betwéene them, each dearly affying? -them selues in the others contentment, solace or pleasing, the ioy of -procreation, when there shall be a childe produced, whose infancie -tatling with a pleasant lisping sound, shall become an incredible -delight to the parents hearing, with sundrie other like inforcements -and suggestions, all which might certainlie shewe and declare the same -to be as it is a matter of much woorth, and sufficientlie set forth -vnto the partie why it ought to be embraced.= - -=Now, as the same is out of all doubt not onelie tollerable, as I -said before, but by the necessitie thereof among many thinges held to -be praise worthy: so in another place, & to another person might I -againe find as much occasion for matter, why the selfe same marriage -should be alike dispraised, as (not reckoning the age of man or woman, -which many times more of dotage then discretion pursueth the same) -there might be opposed thereagainst the swéetnes of libertie, the vse -wherof (nothing more) conduceth principally vnto the estate & life of -man, who naturally coueteth vnrestrained & without controlment to do -that him liketh, the benefit wherof enioying, he may ride, go, walke, -rest, eat, drinke, studie, recreate, solace, and whersoeuer, and in -whatsoeuer companie pleaseth him best, vse the conceit thereof to his -owne appetite.= - -=Now, hauing a wife (suppose she haue all the perfections you will -giue her) yet is the delicacie hereof bereft a man: for being once -married, hee thenceforth is no more vnto himselfe, but vnto her, for -her pleasure, to her choyce, at her liking, with her contentment, must -he then order his humours, his houres, his gestures, his companies, his -iourneys, his recreations, and what els he before time might fréelie -haue vsed, his owne liking is quenched, his libertie restrained, and -yet the losse hereof a heauen to that which followeth, if by great -good fortune he bee not the better matched, For imagin the woman -chosen, do prooue a scolde, wayward, self-willed, malicious, frowning, -or suspitious, what a hell is hee then driuen into, whose serpentine -and more then Adderlike disposition shall be such as would terrifie a -thousande Diuelles. If she bee wanton, dissolute, lewde, or loose in -liuing, howe on the other side shall he then be turmoyled: what is it -that she will not presume vpon, & dare to hazarde? how infamous shall -her life then become to his liuing? how little will shee esteeme of -him, in respect of the large account she holdeth of many others? If -she be proude, then may she be vnsupportable: if her wit be more then -his, then arrogant: if she be foolish, then a mocking stocke: if she be -faire, then a spectacle to gaze on: if foule, then a simpring puppet -to wonder on: if shee be rich, presumptuous: if poore, then happilie -odious. But being what shee may bee, or touching her owne person the -best she can bee, what intollerable charge bringeth shee with her, what -cost of apparel, what care of diet, what houshold of seruants, what -expence for attendance, what prouision for children; what furniture for -house, what daily, continual & neuer ceasing cark & toile for her & -hers: in conclusion, what one discommoditie may be reckoned, that with -her or for her is not in short space a thousande times hazarded?= - -=Thus doe you see how out of one selfe thing both praise and dispraise -by admittance may be gathered. A like thereunto may be added in the -vsage of wine. To a crazed man of weak disposition, or such a one -whose constitution of bodie for Phisicks sake should require it, I -might, to perswade him to the vse thereof, vrge the necessarie meane, -the goodnesse, propertie, vertue and wholesomnesse of the same, the -operation, howe it recreateth, driueth away heauinesse from the minde, -prouoketh appetite, comforteth, and many wayes (moderatelie taken) -helpeth and relieueth. But now to disswade againe the intermedling -therewith, what might bee imagined that coulde not bee rehearsed: by -manifesting the hurt and manifold inconueniences thereby ensuing, as -that it causeth drunkennes, dulleth the wits, making ill digestion, -ingendreth superfluities, weakneth the spirits, hurteth the braine, -driueth a man to forget himselfe, enforceth to commit that which -many times is filthie and often vnbeseeming, of a reasonable -creature frameth a beast, discouereth counsels, causeth slaughters, -and consequentlie ladeth both the bodie and minde with a thousand -mischiefes, impediments and diseases.= - -=As of these twain, so might I stand vpon many others the like, which -for breuitie I omit, holding these applications sufficient for the -present intendment: adding herewithall, that the exhorter, perswader -or withdrawer from any thing, ought touching things indifferent, -specially to haue before his eyes the reputation of the partie to whome -he writeth, considering that some things are lesse meete in one person -then in another, and that which well fitteth and agreeth with the state -or condition of some one, is altogether vnmeet and disagréeing in the -behauiour of another. To consider in like sort this old adage, _ne quid -nimis_, whereby in reprouing the vse of any thing he may prefer the -_moderation_, and inueigh against the _nimium_. Finally, to respect, -that of sundry indifferent occasions not the vse, but the abuse is it -which ought to bee reprehended. These beeing admitted, wee will come to -the |Examples| of both kindes aswell |Dehortatorie| as |Disswasorie|, -and see what therein may be tendred.= - - - _An example of an Epistle dehortatorie, wherein a noble Gentleman - is withdrawne from infidelitie or rebellion._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: By insinuation.] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -My good G. my faithfull louing Countriman, and dearest of account -(whilome all and either of these vnto me, so bee it the frowning -heauens and dispiteful wicked fate had not harboured the contrarie) -what shall I write vnto thee, or by what tearmes may I now salute thee? -Erst woonted were my letters to pursue thee, carelesse in any cost, -and familiarly and boldly to regard thee, now blushing at thy vncouth -hap, and carefull of they carelesse vsage, they cannot without griefe -approch thee, nor once without sorrowe intentiuely behold thee. - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -Alas, my G. what furie hath ledde thee, what madnes hath bewitched -thee, what hatefull destinie hath pursued thee, that beeing such as -thou wert, on whome Nature and the heauens as it seemed, had powred all -their giftes moste plentifullie, thou wouldest yet be ledde to deface -so many partes of excellencie, with one hatefull, ignominious and -shamefull blott, of wicked, and most heynous treacherie. - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Sinathrismus._] - -Diddest thou for this cause take vppon thee the profession of Armes, to -become iniurious to thy Countrey, to bereaue men of their patrimonie, -to bee a destroyer of vnitie, a patterne of infidelitie, the dishonour -of thy familie, and consequently to thy selfe and dearest soile, a -professed and open enemie? Ah happie in all other things, but in this -sole enterprize, in the broaching whereof thou wast put forwarde to bee -made the onelie vnhappie, behooueth with such ingratitude to rewarde -the first Authour of thy familie? Was this the ende of thy birth, thy -parents, education, thy estate, thy wealth, thy possibilitie, to become -a Traytour to thy Prince, and rebell to thy Countrey? No, no, my G. -vilde and too ill beseeming is the drift that hath so ouertaken thee, -and ignorant was he of that became thee, that first thereunto perswaded -thee. - -[Sidenote: _Dialogismus._] - -When thou liest armed in the fields and (mustering thy ranks in the day -time) beholdest and lookest around about thy Countrey, thinkest thou -not then with thy selfe, in this soyle was I borne, within this land -lieth my patrimonie, heere had I first sucke, and sithence haue the -fruits thereof nourished me, and could I then become so ingratefull -and vnkinde, as for all these benefits to destroy thee? Not so, nor in -such maner haue the vertuous in field beene accounted so woorthie, not -for this cause in such actions, haue men beene said to beare themselues -honourably. _Coriolanus_, thou wast conuinced by the view of the Citie -and mothers intreatie, and shall I vnhappie man for all this, persist -in this crueltie? - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Epanodus._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Etiologia._] - -Iustlie and by great occasion credit me, mightest thou thus complaine -of so great an iniurie, and all this being so true, as nothing more -true; can it be said in prosecuting the same, thou maist be freed frō -infamie? What I pray thee hath made men famous, and canonized their -memorie, was it not their munificence and valiant demerits in and for -the good of their country? For in what one thing are we more likened -vnto God himselfe, then in the worthines of our minds, the resolutions -whereof, ought in no wise to be stained with such hatefull obloquie? -The Asse runneth through fire for the safegard of her issue and shall -the valiant man then become negligent to the ayde of his Countrey? Howe -farre more waightilie shall hee bee accused, who not onelie giueth no -ayde at all to his Countrey, but also is therunto an inconsiderate and -most cruell enemie? Howe carelesse are such men of their fame, and howe -vnlike of all others to those memorable woorthies, the precious regard -whereof, vnto them hath beene such, as then goods, possessions, riches, -kingdomes, yea life it selfe hath beene helde most dearest. Peruse but -the auncient hystories of _Rome_, and looke there of _Mutius Scæuola_, -the most inuincible Romane, with what confidence hee went solie into -the Tent of _Prosenna_, his and their Countryes capitall enemie, in -minde onelie to destroie him. The good _Furius Camillus_, who after -manie high and honourable seruices by him done to the Common-wealth of -Rome, was by his owne Citizens vniustlie banished: howe farre off was -hee thinke you, from this your opinion? For the Galles whom before he -had expulsed, hauing in the time of this his banishment assieged the -Citie of Rome, and beeing then verie likely to haue distressed the -same, insomuch as they had alreadie forraged, burnt and destroyed the -whole Countrey round about, hee more sorrowfull at the likely ruine -of his Citie, then grieued at his owne banishment, (mooued thereunto -of verie pietie to his natiue soyle and Countrey) entred counsell -with the _Ardeats_, and by his wisedome, policie, and great manhood, -so perswaded those people, that in feare of their mishap, they were -content to leuie a mightie armie vnder his conduct, wherewith hee not -onely put backe the enemie, but therewith so mightilie pursued them, -as by such meanes he vtterly freed and set at libertie his Citie and -Conntrey. - -[Sidenote: _Transitiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Parison._] - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Dialogismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Epizeuxis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Aporia._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosopopœia._] - -What neede wee search abroade for such forraine examples, and why draw -wee not home into our owne soyle of England? What Chronicle shall euer -remaine, or what English Hystorie shall euer bee extant, that shall -not euerlastinglie report, the deserued fame of that right woorthie -and verie noble indeede, Sir _William Walwoorth_, Knight, once Lord -Maior of London, the remembraunce whereof (to his perpetuall prayse, -and endlesse confusion of others, who not onely abstaine the putting in -vre of such his memorable vertue, but which is woorse, doe endeuour by -cruell force to tender violence vnto their Sacred Prince and Countrey) -shall yet flourish for euer. Ill doe you example vnto your selfe, or -thinke on the woorthinesse of that good man, who in the time of King -_Richard_ the seconde, when with a most suddaine and strange kinde -of Rebellion the King was troubled, the Realme pestered, and the -strongest of the Kinges subiectes greatlie feared: euen at that time -when the proude fawtour and Captaine of the rebellious and rascallie -multitude, durst hatefullie and most vndutifullie to bearde the King -in his owne presence, and each man shunned to impugne the contrarie. -This valiant, this good, this right noble and woorthie Citizen, -standing by, when the wicked and presumptuous varlet, with so little -reuerence approached the King, and remembring the seruices of manie -worthie men, that by an honourable aduenture and hazarde of their liues -had to their eternall memorie, before time freed their Countrey with -libertie, grieuing that with so high an abuse his soueraigne Lorde -beeing yet as it were a childe, shoulde there in his hearing, bee so -farre amated, couragiouslie stept vnto the Rebell, and taking him by -the gorge, proude varlet (quoth hee) that darest thus contemptouslie -demeane thy selfe vnto thy King and Soueraigne, foule death betide -thee, and shame quicklie consume thee: Whie, aunswered the villaine -in greate disdaine, is it thou that greeuest at that I haue sayde? -Greeue, replyed the stoute couragious Citizen, yea, euen I, I it is -that greeue at thee, and happilie shoulde thinke my selfe accurst, -if thou shouldest escape from mee vnreuenged, wherewith drawing more -closelie vnto him, hee pulled him from his horse by maine force, and -stabbed him to the heart with his dagger. The destruction of whom, -bredde such confusion vnto all the residue of his headstrong armie, and -sight whereof kindeled so great a furie in the residue of the Kings -companie, (who for that present vpon speciall considerations, was there -attended on but meanelie) that the whole rebellious route were by such -meanes euer after discomfited vtterlie: wherewith before that instaunt -the whole Realme had lyke to haue beene turned topsie turuie. Hee and -such as hee laboured not by ambitious pride to arrogate vnto themselues -a lawlesse extremitie, but studyed of meere loue and entire zeale, how -and which way they might performe best seruice to their Prince and -Conntrey. O more then ordinarie affection, and feruencie of high and -statelie woorthinesse, in the regarde whereof, life was not sweete vnto -these men, whose liuing might not redounde to become (for their dearest -soyle) to bee honoured and famous. What then may I say my G. of that -by thee, and thy copartners taken in hande, whether will you be driuen, -what shall become of you, how doe ye behaue your selues, who may -receiue you, in whose inward conceites (not the pietie and regard of -anie of theese) no nor so much as one sparke of their loialtie, coulde -so deepelie bee impressed, as whereby to withdrawe you from these -vnnaturall broiles? What haue you found in your deare prince? what in -your louing countrie? what in this citie? what to anie one of al your -selues in particularitie, that might in such hatefull maner incite you, -& by occasion whereof you should thrust your selues into so great an -enormitie? Beleeue me, & it shal verilie be auowed, the successe hereof -will returne vnto you none other in the ende then the verie reward -of infamie. I haue knowne thee, beeing far lesse in yeares then at -this instant, to haue bene able to rule thy selfe, and with plausible -moderation to bee indued in all things, couldest thou then beeing a -childe performe this in thy selfe, and beeing nowe a man art not able -to endure it? There be I know about thee, that will perswade that all -that thou doest herein is vertue, that herein thou hast great wisdom, -much fortitude, and notable moderation, that the action is haughtie, -the occasion libertie, and the end glorie. But how greatlie they doe -erre in so saying, let this saying of good _Camillus_ stand for you -and vs indifferentlie, whose notable speach sprung vp from those his -inuiolable vertues, spared not this, to affirme in presence of all the -Senate vnto the people. Let others (quoth hee) deeme it a thinge euill -and reprochfull at anie time to bee founde faultie, in not yeelding -ready succors and aid to their country: _Camillus_ for his part is -& shal be of that resolute determination, that it is & ought to be -reputed for euermore a thing detestable and vild, and of all other the -most hatefull and replenished with all execrable miserie. How thinketh -then your gentle mind, of the action by this time. Is it (suppose you) -anie vertue that thereunto preferreth you? _Camillus_ iudged that it -was not reprochfull, but villanous and detestable, so much as to bee -founde failing in ought to his countrie, and may it then bee thought a -thinge honest to become a persecutor of your countrie? - -[Sidenote: _Orismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: Loue.] - -[Sidenote: Hate.] - -[Sidenote: Feare.] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -It is not _Fortitude_, but _Temeritie_, that conducteth your -enterprises, for _Fortitude_ aspireth to far more noble and statelier -purposes. The action and determination, you preferre therein is not -(as fondlie by you is conceaued) _honour_, but _haughtines_, not -_libertie_, but _loosenes_, not _vertue_, but _viciousnes_: why then -continue you in this sorte togethers, vpon so wicked and diuelish a -purpose? Why returnest not thou rather to thy self my G. & hauing -long before striued to emulate the praise of others by an vnstained -gentilitie, wipe nowe quickly off this foule blemish from thee, and -couering the filthinesse thereof by a most incomparable fidelitie, -become once againe like vnto thy self. At the least wise, if the loue -of thy coūtrie, fidelitie towards thy prince, the example of Vertue -her selfe and so many her famous and renowned followers (then which -no one thinge on earth ought more to allure a man) may not herewith -conuince thee, let yet the execrable and immortall hate, that all -good men beare to the practise of such kind of crueltie, the feare -of euer harbouring shame, and erected ignomie, and neuer after hope -(thy credite once consumed) againe to recouer thee, let these I say -constrain thee. Whilst there is yet but one craze or slender flaw in -the touchstone of thy reputation, peece it vp, & new flourish again -by a greater excellēcie, the square of thy workmanship. A fewe daies -are to bee passed in which there is yet time, fame wounded in life -may once bee restored, if death doe preuente thee, thy shame and -destruction is for euer shrowded. The next newes I hear from thee, may -make thee fortunate, or me for thee alwaies vnhappie. My longing would -bee satisfied of this from which I dehort thee. If onelie herein thou -condiscende vnto mee, my selfe am thine, and to none so much as thy -selfe absolutely, I loue thee, I require thee, I pray thee, and pray -for thee, that thou maist as I wish, and wouldest as I bid, bee for, -and to mee. Farewell if thou doest well. - - - An Example of a disswasorie Epistle, - _wherin one is disswaded from fruit- - les vanities, to more learned & pro- - fitable studies_. - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -I receiued on Saturday last a letter from your Vncle, wherein amongst -sundrie other matters I was aduertised, that leauing your former -learned studies, whereunto with greate cost and charge of your -parents, you had bene trained, you haue giuen your selfe wholie to -certaine thinges, the regarde whereof albeit in their moderate vses, I -cannot discommende, yet in respecte of your former intendmentes, I can -tearme them none other then meere follies, and verie fruitles vanities. - -It is reported with vs for certaine, that you are become an excellent -good dauncer, that you are growne prettilie skilled on instrumentes, -whereon you play reasonablie, that you spende the time limitted for -more profite in the Vniuersitie, in making of songes and exquisite -fine ditties, that you are verie fitlie seated for wantonnesse, and -worthilie behaued in all kind of curious conueyances. - -[Sidenote: _concession._] - -[Sidenote: _Parison._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -I woulde for mine owne parte nothing at all mislike what herein you -haue in some sorte frequented, weighing indeede that as they may bee -in sorte entertained, those qualities doe not ill beseeme a Gentleman, -but are in their kinde verie fit and commendable to anie youthfull -reckoning: yet studying them as you doe by them selues, inuring your -selfe whollie to their delighte, abandoning what else might best honour -and beautifie their woorthinesse, in respect of the sole propertie -of them selues and their owne peculiar goodnesse, I say that in such -regarde they are vanities, trifles, thinges of no momente, and in each -sounde opinion to bee helde of farre lesse value and iudgement. - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -The intendment of your going to the Vniuersitie was for _learning_ -sake, to become an excellent scholler, not an exquisite dauncer, a -Maister of Arte not an artlesse maister, a good Rhetorician, not a -conceited Musitian: your Vncles care, was by vilefying his wealth vnto -you, (the weight whereof by imminent perilles wee see daylie perish -before our eies) to purchase for you the endowment of a farre more -greater and assured treasure, and that is by knowledge to teach you -to discerne trifles, to procure in you a minde to despise trifles, -that leauing small riches to inherit, you your selfe might gather -possessions whereby to enrich you. - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Parison._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -You then are farre misconceiued, to relinquish the hoped reckoning of -that you came for, to applie your selfe to that which fewe doe accompt -of, and the wisest woulde neuer sweate for, you shall therefore vppon -better aduise endeuour if you doe well, to returne your conceite to -a far more better purpose. You shall call to minde that all studies -whatsoeuer, by how much the more excellent ech one appeareth before -the other, by so much the more assured are they in their kinde, and -aboue all the residue, with far greater estimate to bee preferred: -if so? then must you graunt me that no one thing vpon earth (then -_learning_, then precious and high esteemed _skill_, then aboue all -earthly things whatsoeuer, heauenlie _science_) is of so great and -surpassing excellence. To lay out vnto you herein, howe much glorious -is her shining hue aboue all others, howe sugred her plantes, howe -daintie her fruits, howe delicate her pleasures, howe incomparable her -high and statelie reach, how she participateth the skies, the element, -the venerable search and knowledge of high and sacred mysteries: I -need not, you know it, you haue felt & tasted of it. But to shewe howe -much you misprise the force of her vertue, howe ill conceiued, and far -wandring, you are from the due esteeme of her glorie, to make loue to -her handmaides, to professe liking to her seruantes, to become sole -entertainer of her vassals: hereon resteth the iniurie, this is it I -complaine of vnto you. - -[Sidenote: _congeries._] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -And if either the sum and type of honestie placed in the weight of -the action, the necessitie, meetnes, and worthines, the vtility and -benefits seuen hundred fold compensing the trauel, may (as earthly -things haue often power to mooue one, aboue things of far higher -estimation) induce you to her most dearest and precious fruition, -search then the fauor of these your louing mistresses, and (seemlie I -grant you may find them) but neuer shall they proue either so wealthy -or beautifull. What then should let you to returne to this glorious -Ladie? Will you because you are an earthlie substance, followe the -common reason of euerie earthlie creature? _humum sapere & alta -spernere_? or saying that the appetites of the one are much pleasanter -for the time, or far lesse tedious then the other, welde your opinion -by a peeuish conceite of ease, to become a creditor to wantonnes? - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -These imaginations as they are meerelie bad, so are they ten times -woorse in the pursuite, then they are sweete in the foremost thought. -Peeuish were it, simplie for you to stande vppon these vanities, -thinges wherein children haue delight, and young weaklinges doe roue at -cunninglie: you must suppose and harpe vpon the end that must succeede -vnto your trauaile, and finding the reache thereof pursue it with -feruencie: Such actions as these doe onelie beseeme men, and heerein -alone shall you shewe your selfe such as you may desire to bee, and -your friends doe heartilie wish you to prooue. Alexander restlesse in -the day tyme, gaped for worldles, but in the night season was rocked a -sleepe by the _Muses_, the pleasure hereof appeased his day labours, -and the content of this gaue rest to his trauels. - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -Too much impertinent were it for me to hale you on with arguments, -who onelie go about to perswade you with warrantise: Neither thinke I -in the ende you will declare your selfe otherwise, then euer I haue -expected of you. Much more could I infer, that might greatlie induce -you to that whereunto your owne willingnesse must in the ende, of -necessitie conduce you. Onely, if in the weight hereof my perswasions -may something preuaile: I shall not forget in any woorthie part -thereof, at all times to commend you. In which reposing my selfe for -the present, I ende: this of, &c. - - - _An other example disswasorie, wherein the partie is by diuers rea- - sons disswaded from entring into an action in appa- - rance verie dangerous._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Propositiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Aporia._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -I haue (good brother) receiued your letters, dated the eight day of -this instant, which were with as great diligence as celeritie, conueied -to my handes, and by the fidelitie of the bearer haue vnderstoode to -the vttermost what you willed, and both of that and your letter haue -at large considered. It seemeth therin vnto mee, that whether through -ignorance of your owne good, or inconsiderate rashnesse of youth, or -voluntarie intrusion of your selfe into your owne harmes, I knowe not, -but the matter and action mentioned and inforced by the whole course -of your letter, is altogither to be misliked, and for the extremitie -thereof to bee by all reason vtterly condemned, as whereunto you -ought not to condescende, much lesse to bee seene in publique to bee -a fauourer of, or, which is more, to appeare to bee, the onelie man -through whose follie and immoderate rashnesse, the same is solie to be -accomplished. - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -O good God! what blindnes is it that leadeth you? what sencelesse furie -that bewitcheth you? What matter of euill that pursueth you? By the -intollerable force whereof, without anie fore-sight at all, either of -the goodnesse or ilnesse of the action, the lawlesse prosecution, the -matter of your owne reputation, the daunger of lawe wherein you are -intruded, the difficultie whereby it must be attained, the vnhonest -sollicitation of your friends, to so great a hazard, the discommoditie -that thereon is attendant, and perill euerie way that in the execution -cannot be auoyded: you will notwithstanding all this forget your selfe -so much, as in the accomplishment of a purpose so farre different from -the nature (I will not say of a Gentleman) but of an honest man, go -about to put in proofe what in the ende must of necessitie returne to -your owne confusion. - -[Sidenote: _Procatalepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Orismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Etiologia._] - -But you will say it is loue, and extreame lyking that compelleth you -to so forcible an action, as without the obtaining whereof you are no -bodie, you cannot liue. Loue say you? Alas, what loue tearme you this, -that is laden with so manie disordered motions, call you this loue? -Nay rather call it madnesse, for loue is measured by no extremitie, -but in the honest and vertuous encrease thereof, where not by a -harebraine furie, but by a discreete and moderate ascention men by -degrees doe climbe vnto that, the sweete and pleasant force whereof -neuer participateth anie occasion of such vnreasonable badnesse. Why -brother, doe you loue her whome you haue sued for, and because by -desert you cannot attaine her, will you vndertake thereupon to bereaue -her by force? Howe vnhonest I pray you is the purpose of so great a -wrong? Howe vnfit to bee put forwarde in the meaner sort of men? How -intollerable in a Gentleman? For if in the account of things vnhonest, -any action whatsoeuer may appeare to be vile, what then this I pray you -may bee deemed more dishonest, more bad, or more vile? - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -And if it be punished extreamly by the lawe, the taking away of a mans -goods against his will, what may he deserue that bereaueth the person -of anie one, being also a Gentlewoman, such as to whome all humanitie -forbiddeth to proffer wrong, and to the honourable entertainment of -whome, is appropriate onely the nobilitie of a Gentleman, nay, in what -sort may such a one bee censured in the reputation of all honest men, -that in sort so violent, goeth about to rauish her, not onlie offering -iniurie therein to her person, but also to her fame, reputation and -offspring. - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Concessiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Asindeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Procatalepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -Thinke you that the intendment heereof can returne credite to your -lyuing? Thinke you that by deliuerie of such fruites you may bee -reputed a Gentleman? No beleeue mee, it cannot bee, but according -to the vnwoorthinesse thereof, it rather shall giue occasion to all -that shall heare or vnderstande of it, to accuse, blame, mislike, and -vtterlie to condemne you. But what if no manner of suppose at all of -dishonestie were left therein, whereby to discourage and withdrawe you -from the action, imagining that the purpose thereof were helde meete -and honourable, and that to euerie one that could winne his choyce by -anie force he might, it were lawfull without discredite or anie censure -of law by what meanes soeuer, to compasse the same, do you thinke it -a matter sleight and easie for you to performe it? No, no sir, you -reckon too wide, you goe beyond the Moone, you are too much deceyued. -Know you not the Gentlewoman is worthilie descended, that she hath -parents, brethren, vncles, and friendes to keepe her, to rescue her, to -defend her? Why sir, is there no more to say, but you will haue her? -You must haue her? and by maine force you will take her? You deale -with no children I can tell you, nor weakelings as you account of, -but men wise, valiaunt, well reputed, and of sound gouernment: who by -so much the more iust and right, the occasion is of their defence, by -so much the sooner will they, and are able to preuaile against you. I -recke not that you haue courage sufficient, that you are hardie, bolde, -and aduenturous (the vse whereof being imployed to good and laudable -purposes, were I confesse much more effectuall) but herein how euer -the case standeth, I see nothing so likelie as an impossibilitie, in -somuch as if you be delighted to become infamous, and in the memorie of -a shamelesse life to hazard your selfe to a shamefull death, then may -you enter into it: once this I knowe, that her can you neuer finde so -slenderlie accompanied, that with small force you can carie her, but -within a moment alwayes, there will not bee wanting a number that shall -bicker for her, from whose insight, you are altogither vnable, if her -selfe consented thereunto, to conuey her. - -[Sidenote: _Concessiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Congeries._] - -[Sidenote: _Epanodis._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -But graunting vnto your wilfull imagination, as much in all things as -you can desire, suppose you might winne her, conuey her, keepe her, -and that the daunger of lawe limited at all no hazarde thereunto, (the -contrarie whereof you well knowe, being guerdoned with no woorse then -losse of life) doe but yet againe returne to your selfe, and call to -minde your birth, your familie, your profession, your maner of liuing: -your birth by your parents who were worshipfull, your stocke by the -reputation yet helde of the same: your profession, which is Armes: your -liuing, a Gentleman. Is it then consonant or agreeing to all or anie of -these, to commit any outrage, and that such an outrage, as to any other -were not so proper, as to a villaine, a wretch, a rascall, such a one -as neither by nature, education, or custome, knoweth to do otherwise? -What would you exercise I pray you on her, if you had her? Once you -confesse she doth not loue you, then no question, would she ten times -more hate you: Your answere I knowe would bee, either by entreatie to -perswade her, or by force to subdue her. - -[Sidenote: _Dialysis._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: _Confutatiō._] - -The conclusion is friuolous, if being now her supposed wel-willer, you -can by no meanes allure her, imagine you then by prayers to conuince -her, after you haue once shewed your selfe so extreame vnto her? And -if force be it you pretend, it is repugnant to gentlenes, yet (be -it you neglect what therein to be considered) assure your selfe her -malice neuerthelesse towards you will neuer be quenched. For that of -our selues we cannot freelie accept of, we neuer by compulsion can be -procured to like of. With you now, the case is quite contrarie, for so -imminent euerie way are the perils thereof vnto you, as if her friendes -should abstaine it, yet the lawes will punish it, and if no lawes were -at all, yet God would reuenge it. - -If then you will hearken or vnderstand what is right, you must bee -disswaded from these intendments, wherin if my selfe should haue become -so graceles, as to haue set in foote with you, iustly we might haue -both confessed to haue beene drowned in all vnhappines togithers. - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -And nowe good brother, vse I pray you that meanes herein, that with -greatest commendation maie beseeme you, weigh with your selfe, -that such distemperate motions are not to bee followed, conceyue -that _Vertue_, whose seruaunt you were in your first education, -forbiddeth you to bee ledde by such sensuall appetites, thinke that -honour of Armes which you haue professed, extendeth not it selfe to -the frayle and weake subduing of a Womans condition, who by reason -of her sexe rather chalengeth at your handes a defence, then anie -man-like enforcement: besides, much vnwoorthie should it bee vnto your -reputation by violence to dishonour her, whose estimate and account -by reason of your liking, you oughte to preferre with all honour. -In fine, frame your selfe to doe that vncompelled, which by force -you shall bee constrained to wish once to haue perfourmed, so shall -you euer doe that beeseemeth you, and giue me cause, as my deare and -louing brother euermore to accompte of you. Our former loue and liking -willeth mee euermore to greete you, your sister and mine commendeth her -heartilie vnto you. Fare yee well, B. this thirteenth of Nouember, &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Conciliatorie. - Chap. 13_ - - -=After these Epistles |dehorting| and |disswading|, followeth nowe the -nexte title |Conciliatorie|, whose vse being preferred in acquiring -vnto our selues the acquaintance, friendship or familiaritie of men -worthie, haue often their directions as well from those of honourable -or worshipfull name or calling, to such as are their inferiours, as -otherwise betweene equals, or those that bee accompted familiars: but -seldome or neuer is frequented to such as are our betters, for then -it looseth the name of |Conciliatorie|, and because of the humilitie -thereof séemeth to be |Petitorie|. Touching the first degree of these -Epistles, it is likelie, that hee who is much our better, will either -of his honour, woorshippe, or gentlenesse, in plainest tearmes alwaies -offer himselfe to his inferiours, whome in such sorte hee desireth -to bee knowne vnto, or otherwise willinglie woulde repute of. For -the others, touching equals or familiars, order therein requireth, -that pithily and plainly wee set downe the cause moouing vs to -take knoweledge of him wee write vnto, and thereupon to mooue his -acquaintance.= - -=This, albeit without some assentation, it hardlie falleth with some -in their writing to bee caried, yet shall our learner by all possible -means indeuour to keepe such |Decorum| herein, that hee gloze not too -palpably, least by such means he do incurre a notable suspition of -flatterie.= - -=If in our selues we do conceiue or find some one or mo things, that -are vnto such a one pleasing, or whereof wee may coniecture the regarde -to returne vnto him, commodious, or to confirme towards vs a more -speciall liking, that shall we modestlie tender, and deuise without -arrogancy in some conuenient sorte to be signified. These are the -onely precepts in this kind of writing, to be considered, the effectes -whereof are in this sort following by their examples deliuered.= - - - An Epistle Conciliatorie, written - _from one of good accompt to his - inferiour_. - -After my verie heartie commendations vnto you. This bearer and my -seruaunt whome I greatlie credite, hath signified vnto mee manie -matters tending to your great commendation, the reporte whereof, I -haue often sithence hearde confirmed by others. And for asmuch as -touching mine owne condition, I haue alwaies beene a fauourer of artes, -and entirelie accounted of the singularitie of anie one according -to his worthinesse, I haue so much the more greatlie desired your -acquaintance, as one whome willinglie I would doe good vnto. Assuring -you, that if at some conuenient time you will take paines to see mee, -I will not onelie (as occasion serueth) bee well content to imploy -you my selfe, but also in place of further accompt doe the best I -may to recommende you. Meane while I woulde gladlie bee infourmed by -the returne of this Messenger, at what time I may expect to see you, -according to which I will appoint horses, and send some to accompanie -you. And so for this present doe bid you hartilie farewell. From my -house of N. this twentieth of April, &c. - - - _An example Conciliatorie, from one e- - quall to another._ - -The vniuersall reporte of your excellencie, each where declared, hath -mooued mee good M. N. not onelie to admire you for the same, but among -a greate manie others, that regarde and especiallie doe accompte -of you, hath induced mee also hereby to praie your acquaintance. I -confesse sir, sithence I first heard of you, I grewe euen then verie -desirous to see and to know you, but being this other daie in companie -with sir T. P. I vnderstood howe much for your singular vertue both of -the good Knight and Ladie, you were hartilie commended and entirelie -fauoured. - -This considerate opinion of theirs, hath in my speedie determination -egged mee forwarde, and caused me to salute you by these letters, the -rather for that I haue sundry times bene enformed with what ioifull -and friendlie conceite, you doe entertaine the familiaritie of euerie -Gentleman. Little (God knoweth) resteth in mee to pleasure you, the -worthines whereof I coulde wish, were as well answerable to your vertue -as effectuallie you might haue power in mee to commaunde it. This one -thing can I deliuer of my selfe, that since I had first capacitie to -discerne of mens conditions, I haue alwaies studied to honour the -vertuous, and euermore with reuerence to entertaine their actions. A -fauourer I haue still beene of the learned, and a diligent regarder -of their excellencies, such as in minde more then wealth wuld wish -to be reputed happy, & to my vttermost power gladlie accomplish what -might bee deemed most worthie. Such a one if you vouchsafe to like -of, I wholie yeelde my selfe vnto you, expecting nothing more then at -your conueniente leisure I might finde occasion to see you. Whereunto -referring the residue of all my desires, It doe for the present cease -to detaine you. London this fourth of Iune, &c. - -=To these Epistles might be added two seuerall answers: in both of -which there is required a special and wel demeaned modesty, in the one -of humility to bee according to his better, in the other of curtesie -to gratifie his equall, each of them containing, a submissiue executio -of that, in either of their faculties and professions simply to be -attributed, the diuersities of both of them not impertinent to these -our instructions, I haue in sort following put downe to be considered.= - - - _An Epistle responsorie answering to the first of these Letters._ - -It may please your Worshippe, I haue receiued your curteous Letters, -and by the same, as also by your messenger haue fullie conceiued of -your fauour and louing intendment towardes mee, for all which I can -but render vnto you my most humble and duetiful thankes. Touching -my selfe, I verie gladlie wish that there were anie thing in mee, -whereof you might take pleasure, or wherewith I might anie waies bee -enabled to doe you seruice: Such as it is I humblie render vnto your -commaunde, and doe pray that in as good sorte as I tender it, you will -bee pleased to accepte of it. Your man can witnesse, that as yet I -haue some earnest occasions for a while to detaine mee, who otherwise -woulde bee well contented foorthwith to waite vpon you. And were I not -thereunto especiallie enioined by your good fauour, the importunitie of -your seruaunt might happily in such case haue preuailed with mee. It -may therefore stand with your good pleasure to pardon mee, one moneth, -which tearme beeing expired, I thence forwarde will remaine at the -commaunde of none so much as your Worshippe, to whose good acceptaunce -I eftsoones doe recommende my selfe in all reuerente duetie. London -this of, &c. - - - _A letter responsorie answering to the latter Epistle._ - -Sir, I haue vnderstoode by your gentle and friendlie letters, not -onelie howe much I rest beholding to your good opinion, but also to the -curteous Knight, and my especiall good Ladie you write of, to each of -whome I haue founde my selfe indebted exceedinglie. Manie waies might -I aduertise you howe much I haue to thanke both them and you, which -that my desires may appeare answerable to your wishes I doe leaue, till -personallie in as present hast as conuenientlie may bee, I see you. I -am not altogether ignoraunt of the good partes which by some (vnto your -selfe well knowne) hath beene aduertised heretofore vnto me of you, -and for which I do most willinglie embrace you. Assuring you yᵗ you -haue but preuēted me in this one curtesie, which before my going out of -town, I was vehementlie perswaded to haue tendred vnto you, wherein -neuerthelesse I rest satisfied, in that by one so well accomplished as -your selfe, I haue heerein been so farre foorth conuinced. My busines -with his L. resteth I hope vpon a present dispatch, and therefore doe -I reckon (by Gods grace) within these verie few dayes to visite you. -Meane while, confessing howe much I stande charged vnto your selfe for -this sole courtesie, I doe pray that vnto the good Knight, and his La. -you will report my right humble dutie: And euen so doe commit you to -the Almightie. This of, &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Reconciliatorie. - Chap. 14._ - - -=Nowe after these |Responsorie| Letters, each answering vnto the -others tendered courtesies, I thinke it meet to come to the next -title, being in order |Reconciliatorie|. The matter whereof importeth -a reconciliation to those from whom wee acknowledge in some sort or -other to haue beene disseuered, contrarie to the bonde of friendshippe -or dutie that therein might bee required, whether by our owne default, -or by whose or what defect, as by the circumstance of the action shall -bee tendered. In the framing of these Epistles wee shall recorde with -our selues, in what league, amitie or dutie, wee haue before time -stoode charged or bounde to him to whome wee studie to bee reconciled, -thereupon shall wee according to the district obseruation at that -instant helde of the same, studie eyther to qualifie, adnihilate, or -vtterlie to extinguish the cause of falling of the disseuerance, or -breach. Then shall we desire for the considerations thereunto inducing -vs, to be retained againe in his wonted fauour or friendlie acceptance. -And these as in the examples following may accordingly be suted.= - - - _An example reconciliatorie, from one friend to another._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -The regarde of our auncient amitie and long continued acquaintaunce, -wherein so firmelie and manie yeares wee haue beene knit togithers, -will not permit (my good D.) that wee for one slender grudge, (rather -by the malice and despite of others enuying our olde friendship, then -by anie occasion of our selues, in ill time suggested betweene vs) -shoulde in this sort bee disseuered. True it is, that before this time -the like breach, or anie thing neare vnto the same was neuer seene -betweene vs, but what (mischiefe) shall I nowe tearme it, or imagine -to bee the occasion, that in so vnlooked time, and vpon so vnexpected -occasion, hath in this vilde sort, giuen meane to vntie vs, betweene -whome so great a league of loue, so long confirmed and approoued -liking, so manie protestations and vowes haue ere this passed, as that -by the force thereof it might well haue seemed wee should neuer haue -fallen to this variance. But what cannot enuie doe? What is it that -cruell, detestable and inueterate malice cannot performe? Credite -mee, my D. for my part I am sorie that euer follie so much maistred -vs, as to hearken in any sort to the stirrers vp of such bitternesse. -And as my selfe was the first that by admittaunce and allowaunce of -those rumours gaue the formost onset, by meanes whereof grewe this -discontenting and vnkinde department betweene vs: so will I bee the -first that shall endeuour to renue againe our friendshippe by a more -iust reconcilement, to the intent the fruites of our vnfained liking -becomming by such meanes the more forcible, may render vnto all the -worlde a sufficient testimonie, how hard and difficult a thing it is -to part those whome (but onelie death itselfe) hath power to disseuer. -Bee onelie contented my D. once againe, to restablish that which being -a little vntwisted, could neuer wholie be broken. Thy knowne good will, -and heartie zeale vnto mee; assureth mee not to distrust the same at -thy handes, which thou shalt euer finde to be graffed within me. This -euening by Gods grace I meane at our lodging to see thee, whither, and -to thy selfe I doe most heartilie commend me. - -=This Reconciliatorie being different from that other |Conciliatorie| -Epistle, by reason of the argument thereof tending to renue that, -which formerlie might by the other before bee intreated for, carrieth -the effects thereof as well as it dooth betwéene equals: so from an -inferiour person to one who in reputation is somewhat more then his -better. Upon presumption of whose fauor, or by negligence of his own -dealing, hauing thrown himselfe into some disgrace with such a partie, -he may by meanes herein offred, reconcile himselfe in any sort he list -of humility. To the furtherance whereof, this example following may bee -considered.= - - - _An Epistle Reconciliatorie, from an inferiour person, - to one that is his better._ - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Propositiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Dichologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -Pleaseth my honourable good L. It was giuen me to vnderstand about two -daies passed by M. R. that your L. should very hardly conceiue of me, -in that vpon some vrgent occasion, I delaied to yeeld that testimonie -vnto his cause, which in equitie and reason I ought to doe: and the -rather, for that by your earnest entreatie and request, I was eftsoones -thereunto required. The griefe was not small I sustained thereby, in -that hauing receiued many and sundrie benefits by your honourable -fauour, whereby diuers waies I remaine in dutie and honestie charged -during my life vnto your L. I should stand on so great a hazard, as the -aduenture or losse of your good opinion, onely for a matter sinisterly -suggested vnto you against mee, without anie maintainable reason. Your -L. dooth I hope remember, in my last speeches had with you about the -very same matter (albeit before that time, I stoode on some tearmes, -doubting the malicious dealinges of the aduerse parties agaynst mee, in -reuengment of my plaine and honest testimonie to bee there giuen) yet -at the last I concluded, to gather together all the Notes ministring -furtheraunce to the cause, and thereuppon to deliuer my true and -certaine knowledge according as had beene required. Nowe, what care -I haue sithence vsed in the matter, and vppon intelligence had with -M. R. howe vehementlie in satisfaction of what might anie wayes content -your L. and bee furthering to his right, I haue proceeded therein, I -had rather himselfe shoulde deliuer, then I to become a reporter vnto -you. Insomuch as I well knowe (howeuer any others haue misinformed your -L.) himselfe as a Gentleman, will vppon his woorde assure the truth -and certaintie. I did I must confesse at the first vse some delayes -in immediate dispatch of the thing, but how and in what manner, -and to what end and purpose, let him also relate. Your L. I hope, -will therefore bee pleased to do mee that right, as not to be euill -perswaded towardes mee, in a case wherein I haue vpon your honourable -assuraunce and commaund, entred so farre foorth, as thereby I stande -assured to haue purchased vnto my selfe matter ynough of hatred, and -by those whome (hauing refused to entertaine as my friendes) I haue -inabled sufficiently thereby to become my heauie and bitter enemies. -The hatred of whome cannot vnto mee anie wayes become so iniurious as -the ill conceyte of your L. should redound to bee of all others most -grieuous. For mine owne parte (so much doe I stande on the reuerent -regarde and account I beare vnto your L.) as were it not I rest -perswaded that vpon the equall deliueraunce conceiued of my willing -minde vnto your seruice, you would againe bee reconciled in fauourable -and good opinion towards me, I should so farre foorth bee discontented -in my selfe, as neuer could I bee at attonement with mine actions, -wherein by the least sparke of negligence whatsoeuer, I might thinke -to haue ouerslipped anie thing that shoulde become displeasing, or -otherwise offensiue vnto your honourable liking. Your L. woonted fauour -and bountie giueth mee great expectation of the contrarie, and mine -innocencie and true report of maister R. doth also in some sort assure -me. Whereupon remaining as he that alwaies thinketh his life no better -spent, then for and in your L. vtmost seruice, I humblie surcease, this -day of, &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Petitorie. Chap. 15._ - - -=The manner of these Epistles might in another purpose then herein -expressed, bee also applyed, as being |Reconciliatorie|, in the -behalfe of some other to bee written, as occasion may bee offered, but -forasmuch as they in that sort beeing handled, doe for the most part, -fall into the |Swasorie|, |Disswasorie|, |Defensorie|, or |Excusatorie| -kinde, I deeme it besides necessitie, to write anie further examples -thereof, for that when anie such shall bee brought in question, -the substaunce and conueyance of the state and cause, may readily -thereunto be drawne out of the places before sorted vnto each of those -kindes, as in the discourse formerly set forth are at large remembred. -In manifestation whereof, let it be considered, that if by an epistle -of this title I shoulde endeuour to reconcile a man to his wife, or -a woman to her husband, a seruaunt to his maister, or a maister to -his seruant: the father to the Childe, the friende to a friende, the -neighbour to neighbour, or kinsman to kindred. Needes must I for the -compassing thereof shewe some reasons howe and which way to induce -these, and therefor must I of necessitie run into diuers perswasions, -defences or excuses, in the qualities whereof (by whatsoeuer action -I goe about to transpose them) the effectes yet must néedes be -concluded. Sufficeth therefore that for these Epistles I haue deliuered -sufficiently, and herewith will wee wade vnto the nexte, which in -order hereunto are |Petitorie|. And in asmuch as these Epistles are -so named, for the earnest |petition| or requests in euerie of them -contained, and that the variety of thinges are such to be demanded, -and mens conditions so diuers, at whose handes or from whom the same -are to be receiued: It therefore falleth out by consequence that -according thereunto the maner of the Epistle must needs also be diuers -and variable. For some things ther are which fauorably and with great -indifferencie, are oftentimes to be graunted, required or obtained, as -counsell, aid, patronage, good speeches, natural care and regard, & -such other like. Some also and such semblable persons, as for which, -or to whom, to aske or sue a certain kind of shame, is in a māer tied, -|viz.| in crauing, borrowing, importuning, charging, or to vehement -troubling. The stile, order, and deliuery therefore appertaining to -either of these must needly be different. Touching then the generality -of both, to either of them it is requisite that in the |Exordium|, an -indeuour bee vsed whereby to adhibit vnto vs the good will, fauour, or -good liking of him to whome wee write. Nexte that therein wee procéede -according to our acquaintance with the partie, his estate, credite, -or supporte whereby to pleasure vs. Thirdlie, that the cause we take -vpon vs to preferre, bee iust, lawfull, and honest. Fourthly, that it -be in his ability, or power, counsel, aid, or protection, to prefer -or relieue vs. Fiftly, the order or meanes whereby the same may be -wrought and accomplished. Sixtly, our gratitude and |remuneration|, -worthily tied to the thankefull acknowledgement or requitall of the -same. In the first sorte of these, the cause standing fauourable or -indifferent, we may the more bolder indeuour to produce or lay forth -the aptnes or beseeming therof. In the second, greater modestie, and a -more shamefast deliuerance is to be retained, the preferring whereof -woulde be best by |insinuation|, the better by couert meanes to wade -into the depth of our |petitiō|. In this place a more then ordinarie -bashfulnes would bee admitted, which giueth no small furtherance to -euerie demaund, as audacious and wainscot impudencie on the other side -returneth the greatest impediment in anie thing to be obtained. For -no man willingly would do benefit to such a one who in maner goeth -about as of duety and not of curtesie to exact the same, and rather -as a commaunder then crauer, woulde impudently thrust himselfe to -the obtaining thereof. And because the whole course hereof obserued -by way of euerie |Petition|, is by inference of many circumstances -to be altogither determined, the order as I haue related vnto you -before, must be conueyed by places |Swasorie|, resting very often in -confirmation of the honestie, goodnes, lawfulnes, and needfulnes of -our petition. And if the |Exordium| be happily framed of his person to -whom we direct our letters, it shall not be amisse that therein briefly -wee capitulate some parte of his vertues, curtesies, humanity, bounty, -readines to comfort, pleasure, or doe reliefe vnto any, whereby we -may priuately draw his fauour and good acceptance vnto vs: besides, -if he haue made vs before time beholding vnto him, we shall gladly -acknowledge the same, and declare that being already indebted, we study -more thereby to yoke our selues vnto him. If of our owne persons, then -shall we lay open, with what great expectation and regard we do in -our conceits entertaine the desertes and worthinesse of such a one, -modestly preferring what in fauor of him, and common and equall loue or -regard hath passed between vs. If of the interchangeable loue, liking -and curtesie, whilome resting between our predecessors or auncistors, -then the weight and force thereof we shall put forwards accordingly. If -of the person of our aduersarie against whom we demaund any assistance, -fauor, protection, or remedy, we may infer (if any such be) the common -mislike of both of vs towardes him, and how ill he hath deserued at -eithers handes and thereupon require aid against him. If of the thing -or matter it selfe, the same be to be caried, we shall shew the value, -godlines, goodnes, or common benefit of the same, that the matter is -vnto him easie, to vs of great importance, and if without arrogancie -it may be done, we may inforce some occasions of benefit or other -contentment thenceforth to happen vnto him. And if any discommoditie do -happily séem to appeare in laying open the same (the liklihood whereof -may either alienate his minde, or withdraw his assistance or other -liking from vs) that shall we either study to extinguish or otherwise, -as much as we may, to qualifie or auoide; By such kind of meanes, -behooueth we prepare our selues to the deliuery of our petition, which -being in as apt and plaine tearms as may be laid open, we shal by -such inforcements (as in moouing affections hereunto, may be deemed -pertinent) with greater facilitie procure the same to be effected.= - - - _An example of an epistle Petitorie written on the - behalfe of another._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -The studie and great desire wherewith (sir) I see you bent continually -to the vniuersall aid and benefit of al men, and for which to your -great praise you haue generally well deserued, and deseruedly are -euerie where reputed, hath mooued me in the behalfe of this poore man -to become a petitioner vnto you. About two moneths since, hee had -dealings with a neighbour of yours, touching a farme which he was for -tearme of yeares to take at his hands, and notwithstanding a promise -and graunt thereof to this bearer made (in consideration whereof -he paide him then in hand a good parte of his money) the iniurious -cormorant glutting him selfe with extorting from the pouertie of this -and manie others, hath sithence that, not onelie passed a demise -thereof in writing to another, but goeth about to defraud the poore -man of his money, the sum whereof is the whole patrimonie, riches, and -stocke of himselfe, his poore wife and familie. And for so much as -without the countenance of some one fauouring the poore mans right, -hee is like to bee ouerborne with the weight of the other, and so -consequently to bee vndone: I haue thought good to make thus bolde to -pray your lawful fauour in his furtherance, that by your authoritie and -meanes, some honest satisfaction or ende may be therein to his behoofe -had. You shall doe an act verie charitable, in dealing for such a one, -for the procuring of whose right, his heartie praiers for your safety -shall witnes wel the comfort you shall do him therein. I am perswaded -your speach and aid may herein preuaile verie much, as a thing which -with great facilitie you may cause to bee dispatched. And for my self, -as I shal at no time rest vnmindful of my request tendred vnto you -herein, so shall I not faile in what I may to the vttermost of my power -to satisfie you, by whatsoeuer possible requitall. And euen so with my -heartie commendations, I doe bid you farewel. R. this twelfth of Aprill. - - - _An example petitorie in the nature - of Reconciliatorie, from a sonne - to his displeased - father._ - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metanoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -If floods of teares sealed with harde and bitter sighes, if continuall -sorrow and neuer ceasing care, if consuming griefes not of a diseased -bodie, but of a pestred mind, might haue rendred sufficient and -assured testimonie, whereby to perswade your laden eares surcharged by -this time with the weight of my incessaunt and continuall cries: the -intollerable woes wherein I liued, secluded from the right and name -of a sonne, and barred quite from the sweete and gentle tearme of a -louing and kinde father, hadde ere this time giuen meane of recouerie, -to my daunted and dismayed spirites, and kindled in mee some wan hope, -one day to haue founde an houre so happie, wherein by a right conceite -conceiued of my vnkindlie pleasures, or conuinced by the importunity -of those who haue pittied my euils, your naturall care might in some -sorte or other haue bin renued, to the redresse of all my fore wearied -and heauie groning mischiefs. But infortunate as I am, that for all the -humble suit so manie times presented in these and such like blubbered -lines, so hardened is the mind of him I write vnto, that whilome hauing -bin a deare and louing parent, I may not heerein dare to tender, or so -much as once put forwarde vnto him, the appellation of a gratious and -pittifull father. If it haue so pleased vnto your grauitie, in such -seuere manner still to deale with me, and that the hatefull shewe of my -ill desertes, is yet become of so loathed and detestable recordation, -in this verie season vnto you: then as (before time) eftsoones doe -confesse my letters vntimelie to haue approched vnto you: but if the -long detained grace, by whose heauie want (your sonne might I say?) -nay, the forlorne and despised issue of your aged yeares (for so I am -now forced to say) is perforce driuen almost into a desperate conceite -and mislike of his liuing, may by the least sparke of expectation, -be annexed to the most vehement effects of his prostrate and meekest -submission, then groueling vppon the lowest ground, and humbling my -highest imaginations to the deepest bottome, wherein your implacable -displeasures haue hitherto beene coueted, as meekely and with as -penitent speeches, as anie grieued and passionate minde can vtter: I -do beseech you sir, that at the last you will receyue (not into your -accustomed fauour) but to your common and ordinarie lyking, the most -disgraced of all your children, and pardoning the disobedience wherein -hee dared once so far foorth to prouoke agaynst him, the weight of your -knowne anger, vouchsafe hee may nowe againe bee of your familie, though -not partaking with your children. - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -This sole benefite and last request if my burthened soule may obtaine -at your handes, happilie I may then liue as comforted by the hope of -that whereunto a buzie and carefull endeuour may once peraduenture -enable me, otherwise dying in the ouerflowing of my desperate and -continued griefes, I pray at Gods handes I may obtaine that by mercie, -which cruell destinie in my life time could neuer win vnto me, by all -possible intreatie. My submissiue dutie answerable to the regarded -place of your fatherlie authoritie compelleth mee to attend with all -humblenesse the resolution of your clemencie. In the hope whereof, -resting my decayed and ouerwearied imagination, I liue till the receyt -of your knowne lyking do ascertaine, in what sort may please you to -repute me. - -=The stile of this Epistle is vehement, because the passions of him -from whence it came were vehement, and is deduced as you see from the -nature of |Reconciliatorie|, which aswell for the submissiue & lowest -tearmes it beareth, as also for the vrgent petition therin contained, I -haue rather chosen to place among yᵉ |Petitorie|. The part of |honest| -herein deliuered, is passed in wordes méekest & of great obedience, -wherein he studieth by all possibilitie to mittigate towards himselfe, -the too much seueritie of his father. The |Exordium| is carried by -|Insinuation|, expressing the vehement affects and surcharged conceits -of a mind more then ordinarilie grieued. The |Possibilitie| resteth -in the father, which commonlie by nature is with some more facilitie -then estranged diffcultie, entreated towards his sonne. The meane to -compasse it, is the mitigation or satisfaction of the iust mislike -of a father, whose charged authoritie affecteth nothing so much as -obedience in children. Thus are the places required herein, in sort as -you see performed. And for because within any one title, there is no -one thing affoording matter more plentifull, or with vse more commonlie -frequented, then is this |petitorie| kinde, (insomuch as whatsoeuer -containeth any speciall request, is hereunder included) I will sort -you downe so many examples of all sorts, as that there shall not faile -herein wherewith sufficientlie to instruct whatsoeuer in the like -occasion is or ought to be required.= - - - _An Epistle Petitorie, wherein is craued trauell and counsell - to be assistant vpon vrgent occasion._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Petitiō._] - -[Sidenote: Possibilitie.] - -As one greatlie emboldned by the forwardnesse of your woonted courtesie -and liking euer bent towards me, I haue dared (Sir) once again vpon -presumption of the like, hereby to intreate you, wherein you may see in -what degree of affection I do intertaine you, in that not contented, -I haue alreadie so manie and so often times vsed you, I doe by such -meanes endeuour solie to make my selfe wholy and to none other so -much as beholding vnto you. My man hath returned me from London, how -by more then common celeritie I haue in my suite beene preuented by -my aduersarie, whereby it is like, my cause standing vpon so great a -hazard, it will goe verie hard with mee. Nowe if your woonted counsell, -and friendly assistance bee not speedilie ayding, both the hope of -benefit, charge and expense thereof will be lost vtterly? In regard -whereof, these may bee in as earnest maner as is possible to intreate -you, that vpon the attendance of my man, I may (as woontedlie) vse you. -Your counsell ioyned with a little trauell may greatlie profite me, and -now more then at any time else, exceedinglie pleasure mee. Wherein if -it may please you to yoke mee further vnto you by the waight of your -courtesie: I shall not onelie endeuour by all possibilitie to requite -it, but also your selfe shall not faile at anie time to finde such a -one of mee, as of whose trauaile, industrie, or what other abilitie to -pleasure you, you may account of assuredlie. I haue by certaine other -Letters mooued my L. to haue fauourable consideration touching mee, -which as I am informed, his L. hath receyued. What els to bee performed -heerein, my man shall make knowne vnto you. And thus doubting as little -of your friendship herein, as of mine owne thankfull disposition, -prest alwayes to the vttermost to requite you, I doe heartilie bid you -farewell, D. of this, &c. - - - _An other of the same._ - -Sir, I am so bolde in my great necessitie, vnder assurance of your -forwardnes to do me good, to entreate your especiall ayde and -furtherance in two things, the one whereof this bearer shall instruct -you in, the other your selfe can best tell, for that I made you at my -last speech acquainted with the same. Both of which consisting in your -labour and deuice, I am of opinion that none then your selfe can fitte -the occasion better. And trulie such is the force of imprisonment, as -contrarie to that you haue woontedly knowne in me, mine vnderstanding -is quite decaied, and forworne with my libertie, and where the spirits -are so distuned, it must needes follow, the memorie can sounde nothing -but discord. - -In fine, sir it is in you to doe me good, and to make me by this onlie -action for euer beholding vnto you, wherein if I may so farre foorth -presume of your fidelitie, assure your selfe, that if euer God giue mee -libertie, A. C. to none so much as to you shall be yoked in courtesie. -Good M. D. the matter hereof requireth some haste, wherunto I most -heartilie entreate you. Fare ye well, this of, &c. - - - _A Letter responsorie to the same._ - -Good M. C. needelesse were it you should entreate mee in that, wherein -you haue founde mee alwayes most willing, and such whome with small -perswasions you may induce to a farre greater purpose then what in -your last letter is required. The Messenger I haue appointed to morrow -morning to returne againe to my lodging, at which time I will not -faile to finish, what in the best sort I can conceiue to bee vnto your -occasions furthering. Hard will it bee for mee to accomplish that, -wherein your selfe seeme so vnperfect, for that the dullest conceyte -forged from the most distempered of your imaginations, cannot but -sounde farre better tunes then the ripest of my inuention is anie -wayes able to deliuer. Neuerthelesse, such as it is, or so much as (by -dislike of your owne) you haue will to account of, that will I prepare -to your view, and put forward to your good speed, thinking it better by -deliuerie of a grosse deuise to satisfie the demaunde of a friend, then -by concealing the simplicitie therof to bee censured as vncourteous. In -conclusion, it is (sir) lawfull for you to vse mee to the vttermost, -and fittest to our confirmed league of amitie, that (in whatsoeuer) you -should imploy mee, wherein I desire you conceiue no more, then such as -I intend to become, and you shall assuredly find me, viz. yours, &c. - -=Here must I note vnto you the last of these Epistles |Petitorie|, in -which is neither |Exordium| nor |Narration|, but formost of all the -petition, and afterwards the parts folowing, the like whereof you may -perchance finde hereafter. For that where practise and skill hath -enabled a man to doe well, there is no necessitie that such should bee -tied to rule, who being of sufficient knowledge and capacitie are able -to discerne what is méetest, and accordinglie to direct the square of -their owne doings, sometimes one way, sometimes another, as in the -intendment thereof, may to the present occasion séeme most conuenient -and readie. And as in this one Letter, so may the learner light vpon -many others being different also from the obseruation herein deliuered, -& somtimes abruptly entring into the matter without any limitation at -all, one other example whereof shall bee next hereunto deliuered, the -first beginning of which, declareth the meane of accomplishment of -the request, before the petition declared, whereunto by imitation the -vnskilfull may not rashlie enter, without good aduisement of what in -the performance is meete to be considered; The method of which is in -this sort pursued.= - - - _An example Petitorie, concluding a briefe request and curteous - remembrance of a thing before time promised._ - -Nowe is the time (wherein if your pleasure bee) you may perfourme what -erst you haue promised. I therefore desire you as heartilie as I may, -that your intent, being to doe me good, you will nowe execute the same. -And albeit I doubte not of your willingnesse herein, whose curtesie -hath not beene straunge towardes mee: yet rather enforced by mine owne -necessitie and continuall remembraunce of my vnprouided estate then -by anie other misgeuing, I prepare these lines, sollicitours of your -expected promise, which bearing in their fronte a token of oportunitie, -woulde praie you not to let slippe occasion, but with as much speede -as willingnesse to accomplish the same. Remembring howe manie waies I -am beholding vnto you, I remaine in accompt of your curtesies, rather -studious to thinke on them, then anie waies able to requite them, &c. - - - _Another example of the like effect._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium_, by comparison.] - -[Sidenote: _Insinuatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -Even as a bold begger, the more he is relieued, the more he still -presseth forward vpon the bounty of those, whom he supposeth to fauor -him: so fareth it with mee, who hauing eftsoons enioied your trauel to -my no small benefit, am neuertheles so shameles as stil to importune -you in the same. I haue, sir, I cōfesse, by your good means recieued -sundrie fauors at the hands of my Lord, which I cannot, nor euer shall -be able to requite vnto you, the matter of my suite notwithstanding -hetherto depending before his honour, I neither can nor may so farre -foorth withdrawe my selfe, but I must needes nowe and then solicite -you, as the Gentleman by whose onelie curtesie and perseuerance in -woonted care and good affection towardes mee I do liue, and so liuing, -continue my daies and yeares with such assured respecte, as hee that -hath sworne and vowed in himselfe neuer to forget you. It doeth sir, -so much stande mee vpon the procuring of his L. letter in my behalfe, -for the indifferente triall and hearing of my cause, as without (in -speciall and earnest speeches the same be directed for mee to the -Iustices and Commissioners) I am in greate despaire howe the case will -goe with mee. It is you therefore that must helpe mee herein, and by -your onelie meanes I must bee warranted in this action, the intendment -whereof furthering so much vnto right and cause of equitie as it doeth, -I hope his L. vpon your motion will the easilier condiscende vnto. This -is that I require at your handes, and to the speedie dispatch whereof I -may not cease to importune you. Whereon concluding for the present, I -doe heartilie bid you farewel, &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Commendatorie. - Chap. 16._ - -=Much more might bee handled in this kinde, the method whereof is -one of the most ordinarie of any sortes of Letters that are indited, -for that the greatest number of directions are commonlie concluded -in this matter, the requests wherof doe either especially concerne -the writer, or are otherwise to be respected in the behalfe of some -other. The occasion of which hath caried herein the plentie of so -many examples, that by manifesting the diuersities of their orders -and vses, the learner might not wante wherein to bee directed, and -choice of varietie wherewith to be delighted. Now, besides these hereby -alreadie deliuered, there are letters also yᵗ might be suted vnder -this forme, which from Noble men or others, are many times written in -fauor of sundrie persons, containing requests in their behalfs to be -performed, which not withstanding the difference of estates in that the -same doe for the most part passe vnto their inferiours, yet séemeth -the nature thereof to be |petitorie|, but in a different order of -these to be altogether pursued. Insomuch as neither agree-eth it, to -vse like circumstances of humilitie and entreatie, nor of pleasures -or curtesie, as in the other are required: but rather a necessarie -supposall and assurance of their demandes to be hearkened vnto, in -respect that of their honours, reputations, or credites, it is intended -they will require nothing, but that with reasonable toleration may be -liked of. But the vse of such kinde of directions in choise of both, I -rather hold pertinent to the title |Cōmendatorie|, for that whatsoeuer -is therein written, in fauour eyther of the person or of the cause, -may in respect of the honour or reputation of those from whome they -come, bee better déemed in sorte of a curteous recommendation, then -otherwise by or vnder anie title of humilitie or submission: for these -causes I haue thought meete to adioine immediatelie hereunto, the same -Epistles |Commendatorie|, beeing so nearelie combined with those of -|Petitorie| as they are. The vse whereof are not neuerthelesse so farre -forth caried, but that from an inferiour to his superiour, in some -causes and vpon sundrie accidentes, the same are deriued. The places -appertaining vnto these kindes of Epistles be as in the |Petitorie| -are alreadie declared, chiefely when the same, intendeth to a cause -or person preferred to be fauoured. In which, when it concerneth the -person, we must beware that in the credible deliuerie of whatsoeuer -tending to his praise or preferment, we doe it either by warrant of our -owne knowledge, or by such certaine report of others, whose opinion -we deeme will not bee misled. And if neither of these doe fall out to -be knowne or beleeued, then shal we shew what information wee haue -besides our owne opinion, or peraduenture no other assurance at all -but our owne simple liking. Petitions also are frequented in requiring -fauour to these causes, wherein standeth in highest regarde the state, -countenance or authoritie of him, from whome the letter is framed, -who accordingly thereunto may desire that the rather at his request, -or vpon his sute, or for his sake, or in regarde of his liking, the -person may bee accompted of, or the action furthered. Besides, it may -bee added to the increase of a more speedie performance, the loue, -(if anie be, or the occasion thereunto sorting) we owe to him we -commende, or in whose fauour we write, either solie for himselfe, or -conueyed from his friendes, his parentes, the consideration of his -charge of wife, children or seruantes, the wrong offered, benefite to -be attained, or whatsoeuer other matter to bee deemed requisite or -conuenient. Nowe from whence or out of what instigations, the matter of -such commendation is to bee drawne, you haue in the generall chapters -of this booke alreadie at large. The circumstances of which, and -whatsoeuer else hereby forewarned, shall in the ensuing examples bee -more at large deliuered.= - - - An example commendatorie, wherein - _is recommended to a noble man from his in- - feriour, the conditions and behauiours - of a person_. - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: Cōmendation of the party.] - -[Sidenote: _Petition._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -It may please your Lordship, This Gentleman the bearer hereof, with -whome a long time I haue beene acquainted, and of his qualities and -good behauiour haue had sounde and large experiment, hauing beene a -good time a sutor vnto mee, to mooue his preferment vnto your Lordships -seruice: I haue nowe at the last condiscended vnto, aswell for that I -know your Lordship to be now presentlie disfurnished of such a one, as -also that there shall hardlie be preferred vpon a sudden any one so -meete as himselfe to supplie that place. And thus much by your pardō -and allowance dare I assure vnto you, yᵗ if it may please you in credit -of my simple knowledge and opiniō to imploy him, you shal find that -besides he is by parētage discended from such, as of whome I knowe your -Lordship will verie well accompt of, hee is also learned, discreete, -sober, wise, and moderate in all his actions, of great secrecie and -most assured trust, gouerned in all companies accordinglie: finallie, -a man so meete, and to this present turne so apt and necessarie, as I -cannot easilie imagine howe you may be serued better. Pleaseth your L. -the rather for the great good will I beare him, and humble duetie I owe -vnto you, to accept, imploie, and accompt of him. I nothing doubt but -your L. hauing by such means giuen credit to my choice, shall finde him -such, as for whose good seruice, you shall haue further occasion to -thinke well of mee for him. Whereof nothing doubting, I doe refer both -him and my selfe in all humblenesse to your best and most fauorable -opinion, from my house in B. this of, &c. - - - _A Letter responsorie to the same._ - -After my verie heartie commendations vnto you. Sithence the receipt -of your last letters and recommendations of P. B. into my seruice, -I haue had small occasion either to write or send vnto you till this -present. And for so much as vpon your certaine notice deliuered vnto -mee in fauour of his preferment, I helde my selfe so well assured in -all thinges of his behauiour, as I doubted not thereupon to receiue -him in place of greatest fidelitie, I haue thought good heereby to -let you vnderstand, what great pleasure I haue taken in his diligent -attendance, assuring you that for manie vnexpected qualities, which I -haue prooued to be in him, I doe woonderfullie well like of him, and -that with so good affection, as I intend not to omit anie thing that -may tend to his aduauncement. In beholding him oftentimes mee thinkes -hee manie wayes dooth resemble his father, who in sounde troth, I -doe suppose, might haue beene intertained with the best for his well -deseruing. This bearer shall enforme you of some especiall causes, -concerning my affayres in the Countrey, whom I doe pray you to conferre -with, and to affoord your trauell for his present dispatch, which I -will not faile heartily to requite vnto you. For your care had of my -wants, and diligent supply of such a one I do many times thanke you, -and haue promised in my selfe for the same to become a debter vnto you. -And euen so I do bid you hartilie fare wel. From the Court this of, &c. - - - _An other Epistle Commendatorie of the sort - before deliuered._ - -My verie good L. I am enformed by this Gentl. the bearer hereof, -that by meanes of one of your Chapleins, a motion hath beene made -of his preferment vnto your L. seruice: and forsomuch as those his -good friendes are not nowe in towne, who in respect of their account -with your L. might stande him in verie good steade: vnderstanding his -well-willing minde, and greate desire thereunto (for that I wish verie -well vnto his aduauncement) I haue taken vpon me heereby to entreate -(albeit I may not presume so farre, as to preferre a man vnto your L.) -that it may yet please you vpon my speeches to haue the better liking -of him. Assuring you that both by the credite of my La. F. who vppon -verye good conceyte towardes him, wished his preferment, with her late -deceased brother and last L. C. and also by the knowledge my selfe -haue had of him, and others besides, whome your L. hath in speciall -and chose regarde, he is one so sufficient, and euerie way so well -furnished to doe seruice to anie honourable personage, as by tryall and -proofe made of whose good parts and behauiour, your L. shall not reape -occasion of ill conceit, to whome soeuer haue vndertaken to preferre -him vnto you. And if it shall notwithstanding seeme farther conuenient -vnto your L. to make stay of his acceptaunce, for some priuate causes -hitherto vnsatisfied, I shall yet in his behalfe neuerthelesse become -thus farre a suter vnto you, that this my recommendation may with -your L. good fauour become a speedier meane the better (when it shall -happen) to mooue your L. good lyking towardes him. For which I shall -thinke my selfe, as in manie other occasions besides, vnto your -honourable opinion most deepely beholden. In acknowledgement of which, -and respect of my humble and dutifull regarde to the same, I doe nowe -and euermore remaine your L. &c. - -=These two examples |Commendatorie|, are concluded to one effect, the -formost whereof with little alteration, may become a president for -anie recommendation, whether it bee to fauour, friendship, choyce, or -account, and not vnto seruice at all, for that herein is shewed, in -what sort men for their vertues may be recommended. Now if there be -anie other particular occasion in the person, besides these, inducing -matter of good liking the same in place and stead of other, or togither -with the other may be then alledged, and the course herein deliuered -at all times indifferently to be obserued. And as these are from -inferiour persons directed vnto their superiours: so will we sort out -some others, that from Noblemen in like sort haue béene passed to their -inferiours, examples whereof are in like maner hereunto annexed.= - - - _An Example Commendatorie, from a Noble man to his inferiour, - wherein one is recommended to an office._ - -After my verie heartie Commendations vnto you, where I am giuen to -vnderstande, that you are in election, and it is also verie likelie -you shall bee pricked by her Maiestie, high Sheriffe for this yeare, -of the Countyes of Sussex and Surrey. This Gent. the bearer hereof, -beeing one whom for manie respectes, I doe greatly fauour, and for his -learning, skill, and honest vsage, haue long time vsed and reputed of, -I haue thought good by these (if it so happen you shall this yeare bee -named thereunto) to recommend to your good allowance to bee receyued -as your vnder-sheriffe for that time, putting vnto you such good and -reasonable securitie as appertaineth, for discharge of the sayde -office. And hereby also to pray you, that the rather for my sake, and -for the especiall choice and reckoning I haue made of him, you will -nowe before hand make certaine acceptance of his skill, by refusall of -whatsoeuer other that may bee recommended vnto you for the exercise of -the same office, assuring you, for that I haue well knowne and prooued -to be in him, you shall be so well furnished, as you would wish. And -besides, in that you shall gratifie me herein, I will not faile in anie -sort I may to requite you. And euen so I bid you heartily farewell. - -=Heerein is the honour and nobilitie of the personage greatlie to -bee respected who by so much the more his estate, countenance, or -authoritie requireth it, by so much the lesse may it be considered, -that in the inditing of these letters hee should with ouer large -entreatie bee charged, but rather with fewer spéeches, and lesse -circumstances to demaunde what hee purposeth. The conformitie whereof -may bee gathered out of the examples ensuing, according whereunto, hee -in whose fauour such kinde of Letters are to bee directed, (especiallie -if the inuention beeing of his owne procurement bee brought to bee -signed) ought to take heede that the regard of his honour and calling, -in whose name the Letter passeth bee not by too great humilitie of -tearmes in any sort misprised.= - - - _An Epistle commendatorie, from a noble man, in prefer- - ment of his seruant._ - -After my verie heartie commendations vnto you. This bearer hauing -of long time serued mee faithfullie, and beeing nowe desirous to -trauaile. I haue thought good heartilie to recommend vnto you. And -forasmuch as by reason of your office of Lord Gouernour of V. it is -likelie there are manie places of good preferment remayning in your -gift, vppon your followers to bee bestowed, I doe most heartilie pray -you, that you will not onelie for my sake bee contented to receyue him -into your seruice, but that also in fauour thereof, you will in anie -place of preferment about you, doe him that benefite and furtherance, -as to one whom you wish throughlie well vnto, you woulde performe. -Herein if my request may preuaile with you, I shall not onelie bee -readie to thanke you, but in whatsoeuer cause you haue to vse mee, bee -as willing to requite you. And so I doe bid you right heartily fare -well. At the Court this day, &c. - - - An other example, wherein is recom- - _mended the cause and speedie - furtherance of Iustice._ - -After my heartie Commendations vnto your Lordship: where I haue beene -informed by this bearer, beeing a poore Tenaunt of mine, of a certaine -cause of his depending before you in her Maiesties Bench, and that -after manie thwartings and euill practises of his aduersarie, the -matter is nowe driuen to an issue, and tryall, from the benefite -whereof by corruption of some kinde of persons, hee hath these three -tearmes passed beene alreadie detayned, to his great hinderance, and -almost vtter vndooing. I haue thought good vppon his humble suite to -mooue your L. in his behalfe, and to pray you that at my instaunce you -will at some conuenient leysure examine the state of his matter, and -being informed thereof at large, doe him that speedie fauour in iustice -and right, as hee may not anie longer time therein bee deferred, but -that notwithstanding anie cauill or obiection thereunto hindering, -hee may before this tearme passed in anie wise haue a tryall. In -accomplishment whereof, besides that you shall greatlie satisfie mee in -respect of the poore mans right, whereunto I wish great regard to be -giuen, you shal also performe a deed so charitable, as whereby you shal -perpetually bind him, his poore wife, and children continually to pray -for you. And albeit I nothing doubt herein your great willingnes and -voluntarie disposition to Iustice, yet that by reason of my request, -the matter wich more diligence may be harkened vnto, I eftsoones pray, -and therwithall hartilie doe bid your L. farewel, this of, &c. - -=To all these examples |Commendatorie|, belongeth thrée especiall -sortes of Letters |Responsorie|, in which is either flatly denied, -absolutely allowed, or doubtfully accepted of, what by force of those -|Epistles| are seuerally commended. Of either of these sutes I haue -thought good to set downe some directions, the diuersitie whereof, at -the choice of him that searcheth the same, may according to his present -humor be either reiected or followed.= - - - _An example responsorie, wherein is denied - what in the foremost directions may - be recommended._ - -Pleaseth your good L. I receiued your fauorable Letters, and -cōmendation giuen in the behalfe of M. L. with whom hauing had -conference at large, I doe finde nothing lesse, then what by your L. -was of him deliuered, and in truth it doth not a little discontent -me, that as well in regard of your honourable and earnest demand made -in his fauor, as also that many great and vrgent respects, I stand -deeplie charged vnto you Lord. I cannot neuerthelesse herein perfourme -what I woulde: For that (besides it is yet doubtfull whether I shall -bee to the same place appointed by her Maiestie or no) if I bee chosen -Sheriffe, I haue two yeares since giuen my worde and assured promise to -my Lord of L. that I shall then accept of such a one to the exercise of -the vnder Sherifwick as shall by him to mee bee preferred. According -vnto which, standing nowe in election for this yeare as I doe, I am and -euer sithence haue beene yearelie sollicited to the selfe same purpose. -Whereof I thought it my duetie to aduertise your L. by these, most -humblie crauing pardon of the same, in that I may not as I woulde, -herein satisfie your vrgente and vehemente request. And so with my -right humble duetie vnto your Lordshippe doe take leaue. This x. of -Nouember. - - - Another Letter responsorie, where- - _in consent and allowance is - giuen to the matter re- - quired_. - -My humble duetie remembred vnto your good Lord shippe. The Letters -directed vnto mee from the same, together with the Gentleman in whose -fauor they were assigned, I haue entertained. And so much the more -welcome were they vnto mee, by howe much the more I repute my selfe -honoured, in that it hath pleased your Lordshippe anie waies to require -mee. Touching the partie recommended, your Lordshippe doubteth not I -hope, but that of the least of yours, I woulde make especiall accounte, -the effectes whereof you shall in this perceiue, in that for the -regarde I beare vnto your Lordshippe I will both repute of, and fauour -him. Besides what other aduauncement or prefermente his owne desertes, -or my aide may anie waies bring vnto him, hee shall bee sure at all -times to enioy it. Praying your Lordship in all other thinges as farre -foorth to stande my gratious and fauourable good L. as herein I shall -not faile to accomplish what to the vttermost may bee helde meete and -conueniente. And thus beseeching the Almightie to haue your Lordshippe -in his eternall protection, I doe in all humblenesse take my leaue, -from R. this seuenth of August, &c. - - - The third Epistle responsorie, where- - _in is doubtfullie allowed or accep- - ted of, what to the same was - recommended_. - -My singular and especiall good L. I haue vnderstoode by your last -Letters, of a certaine fained and vntrue suggestion, deliuered by one -of your L. tenantes, against the proceedinges to him supposed to bee -tendred out of this Courte, according whereunto (albeit I was before -time, not altogether vnacquainted with the clamourous condition of the -partie) yet did I neuerthelesse, as by your Lordship was enioined, -examine at large the circumstances of the cause, and for the better -satisfaction of your Lordship, haue determined to set down vnto you -the trueth of the same. This R. L. whom your Lordship tearmeth to bee -a verie poore man, is not (as in simple shewe hee maketh himselfe -apparantlie to bee) but is rather such a one as from whome (beeing -narrowlie sifted) your Lordship might sooner drawe a hundred poundes -of his money, then halfe an inch breadth of his honestie. The argument -whereof in nothing so much appeareth as in this one action, wherin -against a poore man indeede, hee hath verie iniuriously behaued him -selfe, and hauing extorted from him this bonde nowe in suite (vppon -some conclusion, though no good consideration at all) of the summe of -one hundred pounde, goeth about vpon a nice quillet in the condition -to prosecute the forfeiture of the same, which indeed by the direct -wordes of the writing, is in lawe forfeited. For reliefe whereof his -aduersarie complained in the Chauncerie, by reason of the prosecution -of which bill, and notice particularlie thereof giuen to my Lorde -Chancellor, the saide R. L. hauing diuers time agreede to comprimit -the matter, and yet greedie as it seemeth to obtaine the forfeiture, -stil crieth on for triall, whilest the matter is still in debating, -for which cause the same hitherto hath onelie, and not otherwise been -delaied. And for as much assithence your Lordshippes letters receiued, -my selfe verie earnestlie haue trauelled to make some conscionable and -quiet ende betweene them, yet wil the same in no wise on his parte bee -assented vnto, by occasion whereof the extremitie of the lawe beeing -verie like to proceed, hee is the nexte tearme without further delaie -to obtaine a iudgemente, and so the poore man on the other side, to bee -vtterlie vndone: I thought it not amisse in aduertising the substance -hereof vnto your good Lordshippe to praie that in credite of what here -deliuered, your Lordship woulde bee pleased to procure the saide R. L. -to assent to some reasonable order. So doing, what in conscience the -poore man is then able to pay, in respect of the other charges, and -purchase of his owne negligences: I holde not too extreame to be out -of the saide bond deducted, because in lawe hee was something charged, -though in equitie otherwise hee ought to haue been clearelie acquited. -Thus in discharge of my conscience herein, hauing so much deliuered -vnto your good Lordship, I doe recommend you to the protection of the -Almightie. London this thirteenth of Maie. - -=Nowe after these Epistles, let vs enter into one strange -|commendatorie| kinde, somewhat different from the order of the rest, -béeing such as wherein the partie directing the same, beeing somewhat -scant in deliuerie of ouer large & too credible spéeches, thought good -to mittigate the force of the same by the verie partes of extremitie -it self, wherein of a merry conceit, or some other pleasant humor, he -appeareth verie vnwilling to flatter, in reciting the example whereof, -because with many tedious precepts I haue now a good while wearied the -reader, I may peraduenture occasion some matter of recreation, which by -the single shewe therein gathered, appeareth in sort following to haue -bene performed.= - - - _A Letter commendatorie pleasantly con- - ceited in preferring an vnprofi- - table seruant._ - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Hirmos._] - -[Sidenote: _Ironia._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -Sir, I do send vnto your view the bearer hereof (a man shaped as you -see, & as bold in condition as he appeareth in shew) whome by all the -superfluities of summer ale, that hath wrought in his giddie brain, I -haue bin requested to cōmend vnto you. And in as much as in putting -so vnworthie a worthie in substance of so incredible allowance, it -somthing behooueth I hide not the giftes which by great search in -many a good hosterie, tauern, & alehouse, he hath by long trauell and -drowsie experiēce ere this time gained, to his insupportable credēce. -I shall not spare in some sort to signifie vnto you, what in regard -of al these I am led to coniecture. Trueth is Sir, that hee is verie -well studied in the mysterie of Malt-wormes, and for his peculiar skill -in decerning the nappie taste by the nut-browne colour of Seller-ale -in a frostie morning, hee is become a sworne brother of the rag-mans -number, and thereby standeth enioyned neuer to weare furres or other -lyning in the coldest winter, but onely the warmth of the good Ale, -which inwardlie must hearten him: Besides Sir, if you haue occasion to -credite him with a small parcell of money in dispatch of a iourney, -do but say the worde that it shall once lie in his charge, and you -may stand assured, that it shall be laide vp so safe, as any liquour -in the worlde can safe conduct it from his bellie. Take no care for -your kitchin, butterie or larder, for once a day hee loues to see all -cleane before him. Little apparell wil serue him, for his leueries -ensue weekly, out of the Bruers mesh-fat. His lodging hee reckes not, -the Chimney floore, and Billets endes serue for a Featherbed and -Coueringes. When you haue most neede of him, you shall alwayes bee sure -to go without him: if you delight in a Pigs-nie, you maie by receyuing -of him, be sure of a Hogshead. Great store of small lyking you happily -may haue to him, wee knowe not what woonders the worlde may rende out, -for nothing is impossible where all thinges may bee compassed. It may -please you for recreations sake to looke vppon him, so you be not in -case to surfeit, looke what ill lyking you conceiue, report backe -againe I pray you in the inner facing of his chimney Casket, _Omnia -sua secum portat_, hee is somewhat a foolosopher, for hee carries all -his possessions about him, for _terram dedit filiis hominum_ he must -needes then haue a large dwelling, I pray sir, giue him good wordes -how ill-fauouredlie soeuer you fauour his acquaintance, for my part I -request no remuneration for the preferment I haue tendred towards him. - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: _Metanoia._] - -Thus much, would I haue done, and more, long since to bee rid of him. -His old maister beeing dead, it is necessarie some place to be pestred -with him, hee makes great choyse of your housekeeping, if you can like -to frame with him. Much more might bee deliuered in the condemnation -of his woorthinesse, but that I leaue to rehearse it, and nowe sir for -your owne appetite, I leaue to your contentment: Blame not me, but him -that lead mee, and so foorth to an ende. Commend me, but not condemne -me, for I shall once doe you a better turne, this is but the first, the -next may be woorse (better) I woulde say. And so fare ye well, &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Consolatorie. Chap. 17._ - - -=Time is it now, I should leaue this last title of epistles, as -hauing thereof spoken alreadie sufficiently, & giue my selfe to the -deliuery of the next, which are |Consolatorie|, the effects whereof -are to bee bestowed on such as are grieued, according to the weight -or qualitie of the matter wherewith they are perplexed. And for that -the life of man is circumuented with so manie, and so vnlooked causes -of sorrowe and griefe, as it many waies néedeth to haue the remedy of -comforts to be applied vnto it, yet the equality of al sorts of minds -not such, as in one and the selfe same degree can accept and beare -it: It shall therfore be meete and conuenient, that in deuising to -yéelde this swéet and gentle remedie to anie troubled conceit, we doe -so moderate the matter, as that in the Discouerie therof, we rather -strike not to a far greater impatience or extremitie of vnmeasurable -sorrow then before, vpon vntimely thrusting forward, or ignorant -pursuit of the same, seeing that the mindes of some, are of so high -& incomprehensible stoutnes, as they shun in themselues and account -it a slauerie to be ouerwhelmed with woes. Others againe so rife and -so abundant in teares, as the least shewe of repetition in them, -induceth matter inough of continual mourning for which cause, we will -sort these matters of comfort, into three seuerall orders. The first -whereof shall be at choice, plainelie and simply as occasion serueth -to comfort or perswade, measuring our common calamities by yᵉ rule -of Iudges, séeing vnto a wise man, no one thing can returne cause of -disquiet so much as the shrowd of filthinesse and ignominious shame, -neither can hee be hurt of anie one without himselfe. These (the more -sensible they are with whome we deale, and of greater capacitie) the -more vehemently may we enforce by all sorts of forcible argumentes or -examples. The second of these must by insinuation be entred into, as -supposing a person of a high & statelie mind, and in a cause not common -to be censured, the weightinesse of whose griefe suppressed by a kinde -of vnconquered fortitude, we would goe about to comfort. We may not -with these deale, as in a case of ordinarie griefe with the others, but -rather by a more valuable meane, as who would say, it appearing to vs -the inuincible valour wee see or holde to be resiant in their mindes, -shunning to bee tainted with the least touch of sweltring griefe, wee -doe offer our speeches or Letters to entertaine time with them, whose -hearts wee knowe cannot yeelde to anie forcible sting thereof. And nowe -considering the great validitie of their wisedome, and a minde in them -so vnconquered by anie stormes of Fortune, as is apparant, wee can but -encourage them stoutlie to beare, what others as weaklings doe lie -groueling vnder. In which wee shall finde greater cause to reioyce by -the woorthinesse of so goodlie a minde, then otherwise bee occasioned -to grieue for their sorrowes. The thirde and last likewise must in -another sort bee conueyed, as finding the passionate and perplexed -conceytes of some, yet fresh bleeding vppon the heauie wounde of -their sorrowes, wee maie not abruptlie enter with them, into the iust -occasion they haue so to be distempered, but rather for the lenefying -of their griefes (for in sorrowe also to bee accompanied breedeth -often some comfort) séeme to take vppon vs one part of their euils, by -declaration how grieuous for some especiall causes the same becommeth -vnto vs, either for vertue or some other praiseable condition in the -partie, by occasion whereof, wee doe euen participate, as it were, -with the griefes of them wee goe about to succour. For commonlie it is -giuen to vs to mislike such as dissent from our affections, and loue -them againe, who make themselues partakers of our euilles. It auaileth -also verie greatlie sometimes to extenuate or lessen the cause of the -griefe, either by the incertaintie of thinges casuall, being in some -respects subiect to frailtie, or by the hope of short continuaunce, or -by the necessitie of the action which may not bee withstoode, or by -some comfort or expectation left to mitigate the same. The reputation -also of wisedome, grauitie, the opposition of permutation of times -and seasons, the diminution of the occasion being nothing so great -or vrgent as we deeme it, the indurance of the thing to be a meane -vnto Vertue, and finallie, the common lot and condition of all men, -subiected vniuersallie to mishappe, to sorrowe, griefe, sicknesse, -disquiet, iniuries, wrongs, oppressions, and all kinde of euils, the -generall recordation whereof, aboue manie things that may be opposed, -swaieth commonly ouer the passions of the minde, by a déepe regarde of -the vniuersalitie of the same, as that it soonest of all beateth downe, -the weight of all kind of il sorrowes and conceiuings whatsoeuer. -Herein the quick sentences and pithie sayings of philosophers, may -also be a great spurring, and finallie, all possible arguments that -maie be, wherby men are anie waies perswaded or led to forget their -euils. In this place it is principallie to be obserued, that in -ministring comfortable spéeches to the redresse of anie mishaps, wee -doe not by preferring of toies and sporting deuises, séek to relieue -them, for that albeit in times of pleasure, the humour of the partie -might in some sort, be therewith greatlie delighted, yet in causes -of such extremitie, all persons for the most part, verie hatefullie -doe endure the putting forwardes thereof, as too much impertinent to -the heauinesse wherewith by sorrowfull remembrances, their mindes are -commonlie amated. But if the cause be light, then may it not be much -amisse to vse some pleasaunt deliueraunce to such a one, especiallie -whose appetite standeth anie thing towards the same, but this also in -such louing, sweete, and gentle sort to bee done, as that true comforts -may seeme to be mingled with those conceited pleasures. Neither may we -in anie case seeke in vaunting sort, to thrust into their priuate view, -the present tranquilitie and happinesse wherein our selues repose, the -obiection whereof were too rusticall. For that as societie in miserie -it selfe, lenedeth the force of the greatest griefes, so the opposition -of anothers pleasure and freedome, is a corosiue or sting to the want -of anie one that is sequestred from the same. All these obseruations in -causes |Consolatorie| are greatlie to be regarded, whose vses being to -be imploied according to their seuerall suppositions. I leaue to the -discretion of the writer in what sort hee thinketh méete to haue their -efficacies performed.= - - - _An example consolatorie of the first sort, wherein a Gentlewoman - is comforted of the death of her sonne._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Insinuatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -Good Mistresse P. I am sorie that my selfe must become the vnluckie -Messenger of mine owne infortunitie vnto you, and that in the fore -fronte of my letter is planted such extreame griefe as I cannot but -extreamelie bewaile, so often as I thinke of it. Neuerthelesse, knowing -vnder what motions wee liue, and that aboue our reach ruleth one, -vnder whose becke the mightiest doe stoope, and the greatest are made -subiecte, I must as my selfe, so likewise perswade you, to tolerate -all such chaunces whatsoeuer, as falling from such absolute direction, -to alter anie one iote thereof is impossible, and to resist the same, -fruitelesse and vtterlie vnauaileable. The care of my selfe (albeit -manie doe knowe howe much I tendred that I sigh for) is not so much, -seeing by reason I am led to be assured of yᵉ necessitie of our decaie, -as the motherlie pitie I haue alwaies perswaded my selfe to bee in -you, and that I nowe alreadie doe feare least forgetting the directe -square of our certaine liuing, you will runne into such vntimelie -sorrowes, as with manifolde teares will hardlie bee washed, and with -innumberable sighes, will scarcelie bee wiped awaie. But what shall I -rehearse vnto you a thinge so sudden and vnlooked for, as I protest by -the heauenlie maker and ruler of all thinges, at the receipte of your -last letters I neuer mistrusted or once looked for to haue happened? -Your teares I see, euen nowe awaite what I will saie, and loe, your -imaginations doe alreadie deeme the matter I must vtter. At least wise -if I shoulde seeme further to dissemble the occasion of my griefe, -(and by hiding the summe of all that may breede discontentmente) to -conceale what nowe I am inforced to vnfolde vnto you, the discharged -messenger returned vncompleate, woulde bewraie the effectes thereof -before you. It is then your son, good M._P._ whose want I am inforced -to tolerate, and whose presence you must now henceforth determin -vtterlie to forbeare. Your last presage in commanding him to be seene -liuing or dead, hath now returned his liuing to be discharged, & his -earthlie coarse vnlooked for, to be couered with cinders. Had I thought -it theē (as by the Almighty I least mistrusted it) & had you prepared -to haue receiued him, as then before was required, you could not more -sooner haue assured mee his returning, then I am able now to performe -him, at your present sending. He is commaunded to another, that before -did expecte him, hee is swallowed in the gulfe, that from the foremost -howre of his birth did hetherto awaite him. Nowe if you will say hee -was young and might haue liued, examples doe shewe that younger then -hee haue died. If you will say, you loued him greatlie. God by your -patience shall accepte him the more woorthilie. If you will say, you -are sorie for it in that hee was vertuous: consider the worlde wherein -hee liued, that might haue made him more vicious. Finallie, to answere -euerie obiection that by you may bee affirmed, nothing herein can more -fitlie bee auerred, then that in our life time wee see daylie before -our eies to happen. Knowe yee not, that all thinges doe by little -and a little growe into ripenesse, and foorthwith by degrees fall -into rottennesse? Hath not God vnto euerie thing after their greatest -perfection, included such certaine limites, that by and by they seeme -to bee appropriate to their latest confusion? Is there anie thinge on -earth so assured, that by vnstaied incertaintie is not continuallie -guided? Among all fruites and blossomes on the ground, are there not -some that are sooner then others, euen on their tenderest braunches, -as it were alreadie ripened, and others againe that by long lying are -made rotten and mellowed? Al flowers spring not at one instant, nor all -blossoms with one sole blast are scattered. To man is appointed his -certaine boundes, vnto which to bee attained, and beyonde the which not -to passe, is alreadie limited. Your sonne as timelie fruite, so timelie -ripened, and as fitte for his season was as timelie gathered. It was -necessarie by nature hee shoulde bee perfected, and the perfection -attained, by nature also he was consequentlie to bee depriued. Onelie -that his sickenesse was naturall, and that in the continuance thereof -hee wanted no attendaunce, the credite of others as well as my selfe -can testifie. If _P_hysicke coulde haue saued him, if Syrrops, hot -potions, or other necessaries woulde haue cured him, if teares and -praiers might haue kepte him, you had yet in safetie receiued him. Hee -is deade, hee is gone, wee must after him. Of his first sicknesse hee -was whole, and perfectlie recouered, afterwardes from the Iaundise, -though somewhat weakned, yet lastlie deliuered. But the inwarde moath -that consumed him, would not suffer him to liue, which with extreame -gripes assailed him, that beeing not able anie longer to continue, at -the pleasure of God hee died. It is your parte therefore to bee nowe -recomforted, and therein in with patience to referre your selfe to Gods -determinate pleasure and iudgement, to which intent I haue taken in -hand this mid nights labour, after the receipte of your letters, which -were to bee returned the nexte morning earlie, by reason whereof I can -no waie satisfie what you write for, neuerthelesse resting hereafter -to my vttermost power to pleasure you, and recommending my selfe also -to your woonted curtesie, I ende this fourteenth of Ianuarie, your -carefull friend, &c. - - - _An Epistle consolatorie of the same, wherein one - is comforted in case of harde - extremitie._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Metanoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Concessiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Etiologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -Seeing the instabilitie of worldely chaunces is such, as permitteth no -one thinge liuing to remaine stedfast, or in assured staie or certaine -condition at all times to endure and continue: no maruaile then (good -Sir) if your selfe beeing a mortall man, framed of the same earthlie -substance and qualitie, incident to terrene frailtie, and natures -imbecilitie, doe as other creatures alike participate the suddaine -euils, and daielie alterations thereunto annexed: a proofe whereof -resteth chiefelie in your present state and beeing, then which no one -thing may induce a more serious aduertisemente, of the vile accompte -and wretched contempte appropriat vnto your liuing. And albeit diuers -are the calamities wherwith not onelie your selfe, but sundrie others -your louing friendes carefull of your presente mishape, and grieued -to see the vncouth and bitter chaunge whereinto you are hapned, are -continuallie afflicted, in so much as there is not the stoniest and -flintiest minde of all that euer haue knowne you (your desperate vowed -enemies onelie excepted) but doe in some sorte or other, bewaile, and -as it were grieue to see the vnacquainted yoke thereof, with such -extremitie to be cast vpon you: I cannot yet but greatlie commende -the inuincible _fortitude_ of your high and noble minde, who by howe -much the more, the vehemencie of these sorrowes are to you vnknowne, -and therefore the more vnused, doe not withstanding by so much the -lesse permitte, the mightie power of them to rule or beare swaie ouer -you, neglecting or (which is greater) despising the sharp pricking -sting thereof, who by the deepe pearcing force of the same, is -woonted to gall the remembraunce of manie others, and (as it were by -a forcelesse contempte of such validities) not onelie not giue anie -token or signe at all in their vttermost practises, but seeme rather -to triumphe ouer the strength that thereby they had wrought, and by -an aduised, sage and woonderfull modestie and discretion, plainelie -to extinguish and put from you the furie of the same. Manifoldlie I -must confesse, haue you hereby deserued and much more euill, by the -wise and moderate entertainmente of these troubles, hath to your -aduersaries beene tendred, who in nothing so much do rest vnsatisfied, -as that in subduing your bodie, they cannot also yoke and bring vnder -by whatsoeuer extremitie the courage, and statelie progression of -your high and vnconquered minde. Wherein there is lefte in my opinion -great cause of comforte euen in the verie greatest of your miserie -vnto you, that in constant indurance thereof, you haue power to punish -them, that woulde disturbe you, and that in the perplexed imaginations -of their owne wicked and malicious enuie. Neither maie this that you -sustaine bee rightlie tearmed miserie, or such a one as your selfe -seeme to bee accompted miserable, whose minde in the verie captiuitie -inflicted vppon this your bodie is thus freede, and accompanied with -so ample and sweetened libertie: For these kinde of troubles as they -are worldlie, so haue they power also vpon the worldlie partes of -a man, and therein are cohibitions of such earthlie delighte, as -fauouring more vnto the satisfaction of a sensuall appetite, then -conducing to the excellencie of the inwarde minde, doe breede that -ordinarie restrainte wherewith men mortallie conceited, are for the -most parte troubled. But to the sweete imaginations of a pure and -innocent minde, what is left wherewith to bee discontented, but onelie -to haue committed anie thing vile, wretched, or otherwise ill beseeming -the vertue and excellencie wherewith the inwarde partes thereof are -throughlie indued. How manie waies then are lefte vnto you to reioyce, -vnto whose eies the continuall thirst of _vertue_ it selfe hath long -since laide open the momentarie pleasures of this worlde, the libertie -whereof is vnto a woorthie conceite a meere seruage, in whose fickle -and transitorie affections reposeth so slender assurance, and whose -effecacies contemplate no other then vaine and foolish obiectes: seeing -that you haue thereby so well perceiued howe much the instinct of a -braue and delicate minde climbeth far aboue the reach of the body, -with a pleasant and vncontroulled libertie. These things impugning I -must needes say a corporall appetite) permit you not, for such losse -of riches, possessions, children or friendes to become passionate, or -ouercome with extreame greefe, albeit participating as we doe with such -naturall causes, I doubt not but therewith you are sometimes touched, -though at no time conuinced. For which cause as often as you happen to -fall into the remembraunce of the same, suppose with your selfe that in -time, the bitter sting may yet bee repulsed, and that the lotte that is -fallen vnto you heerein, is no other but the common reward and hatefull -disquiet of the worlde, wherein the most noble and worthie minds are -commonlie the most vehementlie assaulted, and with deepest extremitie -by such kinde of meanes pursued. - -The recordation whereof, may returne vnto you one principall and great -occasion of comfort, in that by distinction of your woorthinesse, -though you bee partaker of common trouble, yet are you sequestred -from the entertainment of a common opinion. It dooth not a little -reioyce mee to see that with such impregnable stoutnesse you doe so -farre foorth endeuour to resist your appetites, wherein (besides the -expectation of that which is incident also to these alterations, a -chaunge, I meane, and reuocation of woonted pleasures) you shall in the -meane time giue greater glorie to your actions, in not appearing for -anie worldlie estate, riches, or contentment to bee surprized in your -imaginations. Praying the comfort of all comfortes to bestowe vppon you -the deawe of his heauenlie grace in assistaunce of your extremities, I -take my leaue, this of, &c. - - - _A consolatorie Epistle of the third sort, wherein a Gentlewoman - is comforted of the death of her husband slaine - in the warres._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Paramologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Etiologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Climax._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote:_Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Dialisis._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Etiologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -Albeit my selfe (hauing receyued the sorrowfull newes of the vntimelie -death of my dearest kinsman, and your deceased louing husband) was in -the first hearing thereof so greatlie troubled, as by reason of the -griefe then presentlie conceyued for the same, my selfe happilie might -seeme to neede that comfort, which nowe I goe about to bestowe vpon -others: Yet weighing in my minde the state wherein you stande, and -beeing also informed with what great extremitie you haue entertayned -the newes of his losse, I cannot but in respect of the great loue -I ought to him, and remembraunce of the like care, wherewith hee -principallie entertayned you, enforce my penne hereby to yeelde vnto -you those comfortable speeches, by the veritie whereof my selfe in so -great a storme of griefe, coulde hitherto as yet bee verie hardlie -satisfied. It was deliuered vnto me by my brother F. B. that beeing -nowe a Moneth or somewhat more passed, since by Letters out of H. the -maner of your husbandes death was vnto you reported, you immediatelie -vppon the reading of the Letters grewe into so great aboundance of -teares, and to so woonderfull impatience, as hauing euer sithence -continued the same, you will in no sort thereof bee recomforted. -Assuredlie my good Coosen, I must needes conclude with your owne -speeches, and the waight of your interchaungeable likinges, that there -is great cause left vnto you to become sorrowfull, as hauing lost the -chiefe and principall iewell of all your worldlie loue and liking, -the fauoured Companion of all your pleasant and youthfull yeares, the -entire comfort and solace of your present happinesse, and such a one, -who aboue all worldes, or anie earthlie estimation at all, accounted, -honoured, and entyrelie receyued and loued you: but that you haue -so great and vrgent cause of extremitie to continue with so hard -impacience as you doe, it befitteth not, it is vnnecessarie, yea it is -in my iudgement of all others the most insufferable. For when it is not -denied vnto you, that you haue cause to mourne, that it is fittest vnto -the matter of your loue, to weepe ouer him, and bewaile him, it is then -thereby intended that there must be a meane therein, that the force -thereof must be limited, that the appearance beare shew of discretion. -Doe we not all know I pray you, and are witnesses that he was a mortall -man, that as our selues he was borne, vnder the selfe same condition, -that hee must once die, that hee had his time set, beyond which hee -might not passe, and that God who gaue him life thus long to liue -with you, hath nowe called him againe from this earth to leaue you? -Are we ignorant that Nature compelleth the wife for her husbande, -the husbande for his wife, parents for their children, and kindred -for their kinsfolke, to weepe and lament? But followeth it not also -therewith that the losse and want of them beeing layde downe by an -immooueable necessitie: wee can by no meanes afterwardes bee in hope to -reclaime them? What great follie doe wee then commit in thus searching -after the ghostes of our deceased friendes? Or what other thing doe wee -therein performe, but yeeld a plaine demonstration, that our teares are -to none other ende, but to bewaile them, because they were mortall? -whome death could neuer haue shunned without they had beene immortall. -Are wee not eftsoones put in minde by the common casualtie of all -thinges, that there is nothing stable, that continuallie Kingdomes -decay, Prouinces are shaken, Countryes destroyed, Cityes burned, townes -wasted, people consumed, and that it remayneth a thing ordinarie with -vs, daylie to bee conuersant in these euilles, the losse of all, or -eyther of which, (if they may bee accounted euilles) why then doe we -giue our selues by vnmeasurable griefe, to a perpetuall continuance -and renouation of those euils. But you will heereunto alledge, that -it is loue that enforceth you vnto the same, and that such is the -continuall remembraunce you haue, as you cannot forget him. Alas, howe -fruitlesse is this loue, and zealous remembrance in the deliuerance -thereof? Howe farre sequestred is the vehemencie of the same, from -the searched recompence? Why learne wee not rather of the wisest and -woorthiest, how to mitigate the impacience of our owne imperfections? -In whose precepts, examples, and counsels, if the immoderate vse or -entertainment of anything bee forbidden, shall wee not then in this, -aboue all others be chieflie reprehended, when wee enforce our selues -by continuall Meditation of our losses to shedde so manie teares to no -purpose? What if your Husbande had not nowe dyed at this instant, hee -must, you know, haue dyed; hee could not alwayes haue liued. Yea, but -hee died you say, vntimelie, what call you vntimelie I pray you? If -in respect of the force preuayling vppon him, whereby he was slaine, -you name it vntimelie: then doe I graunt vnto it: But if in regarde of -the time of his life you affirme it, I denie that the same may then -bee sayd vntimelie. _F_or why? hath not the eternall Creatour of all -thinges ordered by his diuine wisedome each matter to passe his course -in sort to himselfe best beseeming and most pleasing? howe can you then -say that to bee vntimelie, which by his heauenlie moderation was so -appoynted? Assure your selfe if hee had then beene at home with you, -hee had also died, you could not haue preuented it, his houre was come, -so was it determined, which way could he shun it. - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote:_Brachiologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Asindeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -What then grieueth you in this action? Is it that hee was slaine? -Consider with your selfe it was in his princes seruice, his death was -thereby the more honourable, for in so doing, he died as a man, as a -souldiour, as a Gentleman. Yea, but you shall neuer, you say, see him -more? True in deed, but what of that? Is this death now greater then -his absence before? Yes forsooth it is indeede, and whie? because you -had hope then to see him againe, which by this means is taken away? -verie well. You did then while he was liuing recomfort your selfe with -hope, content your selfe nowe with necessitie, because it must needes -be so, and you can no wayes amend it. Is not this an ende sufficient -to determine all sorrowes? If you weepe, lament, crie out, and become -grieued, requisite were it the same should returne to some ende, that -all your care, sorrow, griefe, lamentation, or what els should not -appeare fruitles, that the intendment and determination thereof shoulde -be to some speciall purpose. See you then, herein is no supply, the -effects are bereft, the end taken away. Be not then so fond, as to -bedew that with your teares, wherunto belongeth neither redresse, nor -mean of recouerie. Who is he that would be so mad, as to crie out vnto -him of whom he might be assured neuer to obtaine remedie? by cunning -art beasts we see, though they be most fierce, are tamed, a meane is -found wherewith to breake the Marble, the Adamant howe hard soeuer it -be, may by deuises be mollified: Onely death is of such force as no -wayes can be conuinced. - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Procatalepsis._] - -At the least wise, if neither of these argumentes might mooue you to -suppresse your exceeding sorrowes, you must finally consider that wee -are Christians, and by the benefite of this corporall death, doe make -exchaunge for an vncorrupted life, that the withdrawing vs from this -vile earthly bodie of Clay and filth, is a commutation to a sacred and -heauenlie progression, and that wee haue nothing left vnto vs, in all -the trauelles, cares, disquiets, and heauie turmoyles of this wearisome -liuing whereof to reioyce vs, but the expectation wee haue of happines -and euer flourishing gladnesse. Suppose the Ghost of your husbande were -heere present to see you in all this extremitie, what thinke you woulde -hee say? Howe much disordered imagine you woulde hee thinke you to bee -in your affections? - -[Sidenote: _Prosopopœia._] - -[Sidenote: _Metanoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -And were it not that so manie coastes had seuered him both by lande and -seas peraduenture wearied with your bitter out cries in the conceited -image and shape of death, you might in apparance heare him, in these -like speaches accusing and rebuking such your distemperate actions. -And with breathing spirit to crie out vnto you saying, What is it -you goe about? what meane you by teares to search out for a thing -so irrecuperable. Whie torment you your youthful yeares, with such -vnprofitable, or rather as I may call it, desperate kinde of mournings? -whie with such vniust complaints accuse you Fortune, & so often doe -appeale death, and destinie of so hainous trespasse? Is it for that -you enuie my happie state, so soone transported from this vntowarde -soile, to a more prosperous felicitie? thus credit mee, and in this -sorte (were it possible he coulde speake to you) woulde hee accuse -you, in which consideration, were there not iust cause thinke you (of -such intemperance) whie you shoulde be greatlie ashamed? Beleeue mee -good Cosin, there is neither profite or liking at all, of this bitter -continuance reaped, you haue alreadie waded sufficientlie in your -teares, you haue mourned for him in earnest loue as beseemed a wife, -it is nowe high time you bee after all this comforted. Thinke that -the greatest storme is by time at length ouerblowne, superfluitie of -coales encreaseth rather heate then flame, the ardencie of affection, -with vehemencie sufficient may be expressed, though not by extremitie -enforced. What shuld I say vnto you? You may not as other foolish -creatures, that are neither gouerned by wit, nor ordered by discretion, -make your selfe a spectacle to the world, but rather with such -temperance (for euen in this extremitie of sorrow, is also planted -a rare patern of modestie) seek in such maner to demean your selfe, -as the lookers on may rather pittie you, by insight of your greate -discretion, then in this sorte to tormente your selfe by a needlesse -supposition. Much more haue I considered with my self, whereby to -satisfie my greeued imaginations, in which beeing recomforted, and -reposed in my secrete thoughtes, I haue deemed it necessarie hereby to -imparte the same vnto you, beseeching that as well in regarde of your -selfe, as the little pleasure your friendes haue to behoulde you in -this straunge kinde of perplexitie, you will enioy the fruites thereof -with such sufficient contentment and satisfaction as verie heartilie I -doe wish vnto you. And euen so tendring my selfe in all thinges to your -curteous and gentle vsage, I doe heartily bid you farewell, S. this of -&c. - -=Touching these |Consolatorie Epistles|. It is to bee intended that -ouer and besides the examples formerly deliuered, their vse is also -in causes of banishment, losse of parentes, goods, or friends, in -times of imprisonment, slander, persecution, sicknesse, in miserable -olde age, or plagued by disobedience, in ill successe of mariages, -in pouertie, and finally in whatsoeuer griefe of minde, trouble, or -aduersitie. In each of all which is as I said before, vsed a great -efficacie of perswasion for the mittigation of the same, by laying -the troubles and vncertain state of the world, with innumerable euils -annexed to the turning whéele thereof, the communitie of the mischiefe -to all, who though not with the selfe same, yet in some sorte or other -are alike disquieted, that the best way to expell the griefe thereof, -is by meditation of our estates, the condition wherein we liue, the -ineuitable force of that which is befallen vs, which because wee are -worldlinges must néedes in like sorte betide vs, howe neare thereby -wee may bee drawne in contempte of earthlie vanities, the inticing -baites, whereof are enuenomed with so manie and sharpe poysons, that -troubles are sent vnto vs from God, to call vs thereby home vnto him, -that they are the scourges of our disobedience, that by such meanes -wee are discerned to bee his children, that by pacient sufferance, -and entertainment of our harmes, we do nearest approch vnto him, who -beeing in humane shape on earth, conuersing with men, was persecuted, -slaundered, tooke vpon him the most despised estate of pouertie, and -by cruell death was constrained, that they who are cloyed with most -aboundance, haue therefore the greater charge laide vppon their neckes, -and that no one then they are nearest to destruction, the height of -whose estate, oftentimes occasioneth their vntimely deaths: finally, -that it were bootlesse to striue against their forces, in that we -thereby seem ignorant of Gods pleasure and ordinance, who working all -things vnto the best, knoweth perchaunce the punishment to be most -fittest for vs, wherewith if we were not entangled, we might happilie -forgette him, and become carelesse regarders of his high and mightie -excellency. So and in such maner may we wade in these actions, whereof -hauing now deliuered sufficient, wee will adde hereunto one example -more, and therewith of this title conclude.= - - - _An Example consolatorie, pleasantly - written to one, who had buried - his olde wife._ - -The posting newes hitherwarde of the late decease of my good old -mistris your wife, hath made me in the verie going away of mine ague -fit, to strain my selfe to greet you by these letters. In the inditing -wherof, I manie time praied in my thoughts, that I were as readilie -deliuered of this my tertian feuer, as your selfe are in mine opinion -deliuered by such meanes of a hateful and verie foule encombrance. -I doubt not sir, but you doe nowe take the matter heauilie, being -thereby dispossessed as you are of such an intollerable delight, as -wherewith you were continually cloied by the nightlie embracements of -so vnweldie a carcase. I haue, I must confesse, verie seldome known -you for anie thing to mourne, neuerthelesse, if by such meanes you be -happily constrained to change countenance, I haue prepared a golden -boxe wherein I meane to consecrate all the teares you shed for that -accident, to _Berecynthia_ the beldame of the Gods, as a relique of -your great kindship and curtesie. - -Beleeue mee T. I am sorie that mine ague had not lefte mee, and that -I were not nowe in L. with thee, were it but to viewe thy lookes and -manlike behauiour, after so harde a bickering and incounter wherein -thou was berefte a hearte of golde so daintie, as I promise thee to -some graue sober fellowe, might haue become pretie conceited, and a -verie sweete pigges nie. Well T. thou must needes loose her, _ferendum -est quod mutari non possit_, bee not sadde I pray thee, wee will finde -out a better match wherewith to delghite thee. Thou must consider that -it is requisite that all thinges shoulde bee done with indifferencie, -shee hath lefte a thousande pounde in goodes, and a C. markes by yeare -vnto thee, let that content thee: what though she was not maried a -moneth to thee, thou must be a pacient man, her long continuance with -so much wealth might peraduenture haue glutted thee. The gods haue -become more fauourable to thy young yeares, then thy selfe doest -consider of. Shee might I knowe haue liued longer time for age, (for -foure skore yeares olde I graunt is nothing) the woman also in verie -good plight too, by Saint Margerie: but what of that, wee must, as -I saide before, beare with necessitie. I praie God thou beest not -ouercome with sorrowe, but thou maist take it quietlie. There bee men -in the worlde that are so carelesse of their fortune, and so verie -fooles in their wishing, as they coulde content themselues greatlie to -bee in the like predicamente with thee: but thou I assure my selfe art -of a cleane contrarie opinion, sweare no more good T. I am perswaded -alone that it vtterly discontenteth thee. But hearest thou, plaie not -the madde man for all that, I will rather comfort thee my self, then -that thou shouldest die for sorrow. - -One thing greatlie misliketh mee, I heard saie thou tookest an othe -vpon her death bed neuer to marie againe? See howe loue may leade mē? -Good God it is strange? I promise thee I could hardly be perswaded thou -didst so, without I shuld hear thee swear it. Be not so sottish good -boy, remēber thy self, and think on the _P_hilosophers words: _non -nobis solum nati sumus_. Thou maist haue a wife man, and become the -father of ninetie nine children perchaunce ere thou die. Forsweare thou -nothing good T. but building of monasteries and entring into religion, -for these my selfe dare vndertake thou neuer wilt nor meantest to doe, -I woulde faine talke longer with thee, but I am wearie, and therefore -intende to leaue the expectation of the rest, till I fortune to see -thee. Fare (as otherwise thou canst not chuse) well, hauing neither -olde wife nor feuer, wherewith to encomber thee. At S. this of &c. - -=What answere may be returned to all or any of these Letters, is to be -expected according to the griefe or presente condition of the partie. -The efficacie of the one whereof may bee such, as endureth small -arguing, and the inclination of the other so plausible, as beareth -with whatsoeuer may sounde vnto them comforting. But for because the -labour were endlesse to measure by writing, the affections of each -one in particular, I will onely set downe for this one fourme, the -generalitie wherof may be inferred to the circumstances of any other. -A Letter |Responsorie| therefore vnto anie of these Epistles, should in -the generall parts thereof containe (as séemeth me) a |Remuneration| or -friendlie acceptance of their good wils, that so haue béene imploied -in comforting, and (if the partie so thinke meete, or the occasion so -standeth) to commend the wisedome, learning, fauour, care or liking of -him that so writeth, and therein also the good effects, the same haue -wrought, if some things (that may bee alledged) did not impugn it, -shewing his counsel is far lesse vehement then our euill, and therfore -swayeth not in respect therof, in our minds, so much as might haue done -with many others. In conclusion, that we acknowledge neuerthelesse -his great discretion therin, & that deserued account of his trauell. -Each of which places, howe they are to be distributed appeareth in the -example following.= - - - _A Letter Responsorie to be conferred to an - Epistle Consolatorie._ - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -Good brother, I haue receyued your kinde Letters, wherein carefullie, -discreetlie, and effectuallie, you haue endeuoured to minister sundrie -comforts to my diseased minde, in all which I confesse you haue dealt -with mee as appertayneth vnto a faithfull, courteous, and louing -brother, whereunto as much as possiblie may be expected, I yeelde my -selfe vnto you for the same most bounden and assured. Neither will I -wrong you so much as to denie that in perusing the contents thereof, I -was not sometimes by the force of your arguments a little withdrawne -from the deepe consideration and hard suppose of my present euils, but -entring againe into mine owne estate, and finding howe mightily the -shewe of my forward mishaps swayeth ouer my maistred spirites, I doe -imagine the greatnesse of my losse to bee so much, as in comparison -whereof, whatsoeuer you haue deliuered eyther in the mitigation, or -qualifying of my harmes, seemeth farre lesse in quantitie, then the -smallest that may be conceyued of all mine euils. Follie were it for -mee to thinke, or you to beleeue, that the pensiue imagination of a -thing so neere, as wherupon concerned erst, the sum of all my ioyes, -pleasures and happinesse, could with the vehemencie of a fewe speeches -(more of zeale then equitie deliuered) bee suddenlie remooued. But (as -hath the adage) _Omnes quum valemus recta consilia agrotis damus_. -For coūsell is plentifull in euery one whose conceits by freedom are -exempted from any passion at all. Take it not so good brother, that -I thinke you not for mee, as well as my selfe, to bee a partaker of -my griefe, for I knowe it well you are, but yet the one proceedeth of -charinesse, the other of extremitie, you in pitie of my sorrowes, and -I in the very touch of mine euils. What time may doe I cannot tell, to -weare away what presently I feele to be forcible vpon me, yet feare I -the woorst, but will giue my selfe notwithstanding as much as in me -lyeth, to the practise of your counsels. How euer the case standeth, I -must acknowledge, that very waightily you haue dealt concerning me, and -for the same will neuer cease to thanke you. Fare ye well, this of, &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Monitorie and Reprehensorie. - Chap. 18._ - - -=In this place wee will conclude our Epistles |Consolatorie|, and passe -out of the same title to the next therof, which are |Monitorie|, and -|Reprehensorie|. The one part thereof beeing |Monitorie|, consisteth in -forwarning to the vnexperienced such matters as hee knoweth not, in -sort as if therewith hee should be throughly acquainted: the other, -in skilful explaining the offence of a thing faulty, which standeth -vpon to be reformed. And insomuch as there be few men that gladlie -like to be supposed ouer much faultie, or loue much to be rebuked for -the greatnes of their errors, the order therfore of these |monitory|, -in setting forth what may be counted offensiue, shall not accuse -but admonish from the greatnes or smalnesse of the same, qualifying -the bitternesse of reprehension with a certaine maner of praise, how -euer desert doe affoord to the furtherance thereof. For in a gentle -condition or minde, not altogether bent vnto euill, to suppose that the -greatest part is the better inclined, and it also in some good measure -to commende, breedeth no small incouragment to do well, hee to whom -the admonition passeth, hauing mean therby to think that his behauiour -is not so far ouergrowne, but that presumption of his |Vertues| do -yet sway in mens opinions, or at the leastwise imagining that men are -ignorant altogither of that, whereof they seeme to take no notice at -all, he will study the rather to hearken to such wholesome directions, -and accordingly to reforme his maners thereunto betimes. And verilie -(as you haue before in the examples |Dissuasorie|) so in this also -it would not be amisse where we see an offence but new beginning, to -induce many good conditions of the partie to be opposed against the -same, and to lay before him, how ill sounding it would be to the due -commendation of the other, to bee touched therewith. Or otherwise -where wee see an inclination (though no matter in acion) to euill, -to say, that not for that we see him spotted with such offences, we -do warne him from their forces, but to the intent he may thereby the -better be instructed, in the vilenesse and discommended partes of the -same, or that because wee are for the most part led away and easily -sliding into euill, wee set before his eies therein, the hazard and -inconuenience of such euill. Now if the matter be so far forward, as -we find it a plain and open imperfection in him to whom we write, let -vs then consider yᵉ weight or inualiditie of the action, which beeing -too monstrous or notorious, it then needeth not admonition, but sharpe -reprehension, and is thereby secluded from the partes hereof, but not -being intolerable in his age or estate, in whom the same is found, -then shall we not aggrauate, but extenuate the apparance therof, -shewing that it is a thing common for men to fall, chieflie young men, -who by the furious sting of their youth, and want they haue of aged -experience, are hastilie led thereunto: but yet therewithall how manie -wayes necessarie it is, that he be withdrawne from the same, least -happily the long intertainment giuen to a fault, make it seeme a great -offence, and consequentlie hee be thereby led into far more dangerous -euils. Hereupon may we manifest vnto him our loue and tender care wee -haue ouer him, compelling vs for such cause to forwarne him, declaring -that our selues falling into the like errours, would be glad at his -hand to find the like, if the skill and experience of the partie might -so much performe. Another kinde of admonishment or reprehension there -is also, when men deale with those who are highlie before them in -account, vnto whome either imminent daunger or occasion of great hate -or mislike pursuing the same, forbiddeth in expresse manner to vse -anie tearmes, insomuch as their estate (beeing peraduenture loftie, -and of power to commaund or sway ouer vs) will not admit by writing to -intermeddle with their actions, and yet happilie by reason of some -hard dealings offered vnto vs, or our friendes, might séeme much to -preuaile in one sort or other to giue them notice of it, whereby to -auoide (if it be possible) the expected vehemencie and intolerable -support of the same. With such men to deale, behooueth, if at least -wise we be compelled therunto, to make a recitall of many vertues, -such as might be commendable & beautifying vnto so great estate and -authoritie, and therwithall set forth the worthines to the vttermost of -that we wish to be in him planted: and fainedly also wee may suppose -those |Vertues| to be insinuate in his person, and howe much they are -furthering to his name and reputation, by occasion of which, we may in -the contrary haue meane to lay open all those vices, the insupportable -burthen, vileness, & execrable hatefulnes, or what bad purpose soeuer -is in them concluded, and shew how much they impugne the state, rule, -or authoritie of any one, what blemish they cast vpon him in whom -they are frequented, howe they destroie the good partes for which men -mightie and gracious haue desired to be commended, the conceit whereof, -may be with such facilitie and excellencie caried, as that he to whom -we write, shall with some insight thereinto, receiue a speciall view -of his owne faultinesse, yea and by the couertnes of the same, maie -also participate within his owne imaginations, the particular loue & -hate generallie attributed to either of both, wherein what other thing -shall we goe about, but in silence to admonish or reprehend what in -each of those ought to be bee refused or followed, which manner of -writing performed to suche ende and example, without shame and blushing -at all, each one may lawfullie vse, otherwise palpably to affirme, -those vertues and praises to be in a man in whose actions (becomming -most notorious in al kind of apparance) no one thing is to be found -so plentiful as very wickednes it selfe, this were a flatterie most -detestable, and of all others most filthie, to be in anie writer -receiued: yet such kinde of admonishment or reprehension as is before -recited, is pretily alledged to haue bene vsed by a certaine poore -man, who neghbouring néere vnto one worshipfull & of great account in -calling, but therewith more practising with vehemencie, then honestlie -vsing his knowledge of the lawes, had sustained a mishap by an Oxe of -the Gentlemans, who being a fierce beast, had goared a Cowe of the -poore mans. The poore man hauing receiued wrong, and doubting howe to -haue recompence, by reason that the Gentleman was of as noted authority -as knowne hardnes, and to whome expresly he durst not complain of -the iniurie, deuised yet this subtiltie wherewith to entrap him. Hee -commeth to this great mans house, and being brought to his presence: -Sir (said he) I am come to deliuer vnto your Wor. who are a Iusticer -in place, for righting of wrongs done and committed, a matter very -conscionable to be respected, & for which in my opinion there ought to -be made a recompence. An Oxe of mine being a naughtie beast, through -the default of mine own fence hath goared a Cow of your Worships, which -is nowe lost and dead by the mishape thereof. Saist thou so, saide this -greate man, by my faith thou must then pay for her. And good reason -too, said the poore neighbour, for it was a wilfull offence, but and -if it please your Worsh. I mistook mine arrande, for in trueth, it is -your Oxe that by defaulte of your owne fence hath entred my ground, -& goared my Cow. Oh then (quoth the other) the case is altered, wee -will talke thereof at some more leisure hereafter. Nowe howbe it the -poore man happely departed without recompence, yet at the least by -this prety deuise he made the Gentleman to vnderstand his fault, & so -far as hee best might, did both admonish and reprehende his owne harde -and iniurious dealing by so witty a conclusion: for had hee not thus -gone about the bush, it is like he had not onely bene frustrate of -recompence, but also voide of any sentence at all of wrong, which by -this handling the matter, was by the Gentlemans selfe clearely on his -part adiudged. Infinite sortes of these, as well in the wise sayings -of Philosophers, as in other written histories are extant, which for -breuitie I omit and leaue to the desirous thereof, for their better -satisfaction, and hence will proceede to the examples of these two -seuerall sorts of Epistles.= - - - _An example Monitorie concerning - a stayed and well gouer- - ned life._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -The execrable force of mischieuous euill, is such, and the maleuolente -disposition of the heauens to some people so greate, as that hauing -once throughlie planted the fatall sting thereof in the mindes of -manie, it seemeth they bee created to none other ende, but onelie -by daring to perpetrate whatsoeuer matter of villainie cometh in -their mindes, to purchase to themselues with the determination of a -shamelesse life, the limited rewarde of a shamelesse and ignominious -death: This inchaunted course, perceiuing in these dangerous times howe -much it hath bewitched the estate of the whole worlde, and considering -with my selfe, that by reason of your fathers late decease, you beeing -a greene youth, voide of experience, bente to the triall of all -companies, richlie possessed, and wealthilie endued, are nowe lefte -into your owne handes, and thereby deliuered from the plausible and -quiet moderation of a faithfull and louing guide, vnto the endlesse -reach of a youthfull, carelesse and vncontrouled libertie, hath mooued -mee in respecte of the care that euer I erst had of you, beeing yet but -a childe, and in assured testimonie of the memorie I haue otherwise -protested to the ghost of your deceased louing parentes, to admonish -you of some few thinges, for the order and conuersation of your liuing, -beeing a course so important, as that in the admittance and exercise -thereof, cannot but consist the scope and after fruition of all your -happinesse, and benefit whatsoeuer. - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -And first of all, will I call vnto your remembraunce, that beeing the -sonne of so vertuous a father as you are, howe greatlie it importeth -vnto your estate to bee well gouerned, that as well the precedent -vertues, as auncient possessions of your antecessour, may in your -person bee resiant, that of your deceased parent (as well as in -corporall shape and fauour) you beare (in minde) the verie true image -and portraiture, that you stand not more in your actions vppon the -glorious name or title of a Gentleman, then of the verie true and -woorthie conditions and behauiours, that rightlie doe produce and -make a Gentleman. And albeit I finde no greate apparante cause (your -youthfull heade and vnstayed state of headestrong libertie onelie -excepted) that may induce anie argument or supposall to the contrarie, -but that you are of such and so worthie regarde, as that in your life -and conuersation, you deeplie ynough do conceiue of all or anie part of -these instructions or admonishmentes, which I nowe goe about to offer -and preferre vnto you; yet knowing howe manie, and howe sundrie are -the euils wherewith our mortall state is endangered, howe diuers are -the motions to wickednes, and how manie waies we are readie to fall -into the crooked paths of the same. I coulde not but warne you that -comming euen nowe into the middest of the worlde as you do you shall -finde sundrie baites and allurementes drawing you into the worst and -most vilest parts thereof, that vnles you were directlie gouerned with -the righte rule and square of an honest and sober life, twentie to -one you would not onelie fall verie deeplie into the inconueniences -thereof, but (without great and vnexpected matter leading you to the -contrarie) be drowned and ouerwhelmed in the gulf therof for euer. - -[Sidenote: _Monitiō._] - -You must call to minde that liuing in a place so ordinarilie frequented -as is the Citie, wherein you are, and being in fellowship with so -manie and diuers sorts of men as you now be, conuersing also with the -innumerable multitudes of persons, of all estates, conditions and -faculties, as you there doe, it is no difficult thing for a young -youth of your birth and qualitie to be led into lewdnes, of a wanton -to become dissolute, of a spender to bee made a consumer, or of a -towardlie gentleman to be framed to an vntowardlie companion. Much may -the euill example of some lewdlie giuen, conduce hereunto, making you -to beleeue, that to become a roister, is credit: to become a swearer, -valiant: to shewe your selfe a waster, liberall: to be a drunkard, is -fellowship: to maintaine rakehels, is bountie: to become fantastical, -is youthful: and to bee an vnthrift, is to be counted gentle: But -better entring into these things then by common aduisement men in your -case ordinarilie doe, it shall appeare contrariwise, that in gaining -of credite you are to become modest and discreetlie behaued: in being -noted to bee valiant, you ought to bee a supporter of honour: shewing -your selfe liberall, it shall bee in rewarding the good: in maintaining -of fellowshippe, you shall vse sobrietie: in beeing bountifull, you -shall remunerate seruices: in manifestation of your youth, you shall -entertaine honest pleasures: and in beeing gentle, shewe your selfe -therewithall frugall. - -[Sidenote: _Parimia._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Parimia._] - -[Sidenote: _Perorasiō._] - -The asse goeth out in the morning to carie burthens, and in the -euening receiueth his prouender for aduantage. The Oxe grazeth all day -in the pasture, and at night is caried to the butchers stal: their -rewarde is their feeding, and the contentment they require is onelie -to fill their bellies: behooueth that men also who from beastes are -sequestred by manie degrees of reason, should of their continuance and -finall determination liue a like carelesse? No verilie, it is too much -vnseemely. Such illusions as these are not fitte for a man, who by -the nobilitie of his creation was ordained to swaie ouer, and not to -become subiect to such vilities. You nowe beeing at your owne choice -and libertie, must beware and giue great and diligent aduertisement -to all your waies, you must eschewe and auoide not onelie the verie -euils thēselues, but also all occasions inducing or partaking with -those euils, you must imagine, that to bee in all thinges temperate -and discreete, doeth solie argue a reputation to bee within you, shun -vice as you would doe a serpent, flie wicked companie as a pestilent -infection, doe alwaies thinges woorthie your selfe, affecte not so much -the vaineglorious title of praise, as desire how and in what sort to -deserue and win praise. Esteeme nothing so precious as time, abandon -sloth, and in all your societie (as neere as may bee) accompanie with -the best. Consider that such as is the tree, such is the fruite. Who -toucheth pitch must needes bee defiled. With the good thou shalt bee -made good, and with the euill thou shalt bee peruerted. Thinke none so -greate an enemie as he that misleadeth you. Misdeeme no man willinglie, -and giue occasion to all men to iudge of you indifferentlie. These -counsels (forewarninges of your ruine or happines) if aduisedlie you -will hearken vnto, and faithfully lay vp among your chiefest secrets, -it shall no waies repent you to haue beene admonished, nor discontent -me in this sort so much to haue counselled you, in that pursuing the -effectes hereof, you shall become such as I with you, and your carefull -father if he had liued wold haue bene glad to haue seene you. The -Almightie giuer and moderator of al our actions, blesse and keep you. -Farewel from my house at _D._ this of, &c. - - - _An other Epistle Monitorie, touching the reformation - of a Couetous life._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonomia._] - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Brachiologa._] - -[Sidenote: Metonomia.] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -Albeit good brother, I knowe the matter of my writing will become -offensiue vnto you, and that I am not ignorant what heauie aduersaries -you haue, that daylie doe goe about to suppresse the soūd & faithful -aduise of those, who without flattery doe wish heartilie wel vnto you, -and studiouslie are busied at al times for and towardes your good. -Such neuerthelesse is the loue and dutie that I owe you, as seeing you -in so great an errour as you are ouerwhelmed in, I cannot in respect of -our brotherlie affection, but I must needes warne you of it, whereof if -you become not repentant, and a renouncer betimes, I doubt, not onelie -the worlde will crie out agaynst you, but God also in high displeasure -will bee angrie with you. Trulie for mine owne part I am ashamed, and -also it greatlie grieueth me euerie where to heare of this extreame -couetousnesse and harde dealings, by you vsed towardes your poore -tenants, and other the inhabitants about you, who notwithstanding that -God hath aboundantlie blessed you with ryches more then sufficient, -you bee yet so miserablie bent vpon the worlde, as you care not by -what district and seuere handling you doe attaine vnto your wealth, -onelie so you haue it, or can come by it, you holde no conscience or -question at all of the winning it. Alas what cries doe you procure -agaynst you of the poore and wretched people, who beeing plagued with -the harde yoke you laie vppon them, are not able of themselues to -redresse, but onelie doe pray to God that hee will for them reuenge -it. The matter is too hatefull, and so great is the oppression and -wrong thereby offered, as it cannot continue. Might my woordes become -of weight vnto you, I woulde wish you to leaue it, and if not for my -sake, or in regard of your owne credite thereby so greatlie blemished -and impayred, and your good name and fame vtterlie by such meanes -obscured and defaced, yet for Gods sake, who commaundeth charitie and -right to all men, who willeth that wee doe to euerie one as wee would -bee done vnto, who forbiddeth by such execrable lucre to heape to our -selues so vniust and filthie gaine, you will refraine it, reforme it, -amende it. In trueth you doe not knowe, howe much euill thereby you -procure vnto your selfe, the blind desire you haue to heape vp riches -will not permit you to see, what rancour, mischiefe, impietie, terrour -and dread, you crowde so neare togither, the little care you haue of -the world to come, so quencheth your affections, as you haue not power -to beholde the enormitie wherein you are so vehementlie transported. -For shame abstaine and become not the common obloquie of all men, bee -not you the man alone whome so manie shall curse, and all men for the -most part crie vengeance vpon. Otherwise if by no admonition you will -relent, assure your selfe, God who is the righter of all wronges, will -in most seuere manner compell you vnto it, and in the ende by great -rigour punish you for it. It little liketh mee that herein, so iust -cause remaineth, as whereby I am forced in this sort to argue with you, -in which action the nature of a brother may giue you to vnderstande in -what sort I admonish you, and with what louing care I retaine you: the -consideratien of which hath mooued mee (as my selfe woulde wish in the -like of whatsoeuer I shoulde haue erred, to bee dealt withall by you) -to account the sweete rebukes of a friend to bee farre more profitable -then the dissembling glozes of a cruell and bitter enemie; to which -end whatsoeuer I haue sayde, may in like maner be conceyued by you. -Farewell. L. this of, &c. - - - _An Epistle Monitorie to a father, touching the lewd - and ill demeanour of his sonne._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Aporia._] - -[Sidenote: _Prolepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Orismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Parimia._] - -[Sidenote: _Metanoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonomia._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -Though it seeme an approoued follie to cast pearles before swine, or -to offer a golden saddle to an Asses backe: yet (not that I thinke -either the Sowe worthie of the pearles, or the Asse fit for the saddle) -I haue written vnto you, the one cause to manifest vnto you the vile -and bad parts of your sonne whereof you will take no notice, and of -which this Letter herein closed shall beare sufficient testimonie: the -other for charities sake, to admonish you which are his father, that -by your timelie looking to those matters, you may winde him from that, -which by small sufferance will breed your woes, and his irrecuperable -destruction, I haue vnderstood that hauing beene found heretofore in -the like pilfering with two Masters that he serued, and the secrete -information thereof beeing brought to your eares, you misliked his -courtesie that tolde you, iustified the matter to bee false that was -deliuered you, and not so much as examining the action, (which a good -father would haue done by all manner of industrie) you allowed your -sonne for honest, and affirmed that it was vnpossible hee should -enter into anie such theeuerie. If I see the childe of such a father -come to an euill ende, I will not maruell at all, seeing that besides -the ordinarie inclinations alreadie graffed in his young yeares, his -parentes are content by winking at it, to giue him furtheraunce, and -in a manner to affirme it shall so bee, in so much as thereby seemeth, -the sonne hath sworne hee will neuer liue honestlie, and the father -hath promised that hee will set him forwarde to _Tiburne_, for his -villainie. Is it reason that men (of zeale and conscience) should -goe about to pittie their misfortunes, who haue protested neuer by -compassion to preuent in themselues, the iust and appropriate rewarde -of their owne euilles? What shall I say to the vnhappie father of such -a sonne, or rather vnhappie childe of such a father, whether shall I -forewarne him or you, the one purposing, the other animating, to what -vnto each of you in the ende muste become a particular desolation? -Trulie these thinges will not continue, they can not long holde. Well -(not in respect that eyther of you haue deserued so much at my handes) -but for pities sake, I am content to beare with your infirmities, and -(so you will not vrge mee to your owne harmes, by your courteous, -though not so much as honest vsage, for honestie willeth I shoulde haue -mine owne againe, or recompence) will part with my losses: but yet -therewithall warne you (to which ende I haue written this Letter) that -you preuent your mischiefes betimes, you doe consider the successe of -your owne harmes. So long the potte goeth to the Riuer, that at last -it commeth broken home, euerie man will not deale with you as I doe. -It can not bee, but you must needes knowe, nay rather bee a partaker -of your sonnes euilles, howe euer you dissemble with the worlde, and -face out the matter before people. Take heede I say, God when hee -striketh, smiteth home, you will else repent it, for it will none -otherwise bee. Because I haue yet some hope, that by driuing into your -conceyte the enormitie hereof, and discouering the packe, which you -saide was lockt vp from your seeing, that at the least wise for the -feare of God, and to saue him from the gallowes, you will endeuour to -chastise him. I haue sent this bearer, who can infourme you of the -truth, time and place, of that which you goe about to shrowde vp so -couertlie, and if afterwardes you will not bridle him, I protest his -shamelesse foreheade must bee corrected by iustice, and the lawes must -further passe vppon. Surelie not for enuie of the person, but for the -shamelesse browe hee beareth, as one that had done none offence, to -prouoke mee by euill vsage to blaze his faultes, that otherwise by good -counsell, woulde haue couered them: I thinke it a deede meritorious -to haue him punished, if you haue a desire as a father to cherish him, -haue a regarde as a friend betimes to correct him, otherwise you shall -sooner see him come to shame, then anie waies climbe vnto credite. But -for ought I can heare, both father & mother are so addicted to the -bolstring of his doings, as that it seemeth they haue alreadie vowed -their infamie to the world, and his life to the gallowes: good counsell -may do much, and though in taste I seeme a bitter enemie, the proofe in -triall shall be better then of a fawning friend. - - - _An example reprehensorie wherein a man of wealth sufficient is - reprehended for mariage of his daughter, to the riches - of an olde wealthie Miser._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonomia._] - -[Sidenote: _Propositiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -Sir, I am not a little grieued for the loue I owe you, to see that -in these ripe yeares of yours, wherein men commonly are freight with -discretion, you neuertheles do verie indiscreetlie goe about to -compasse a matter so repugnant to reason, or any maner of considerate -and sage aduisement, as whereat the worlde can but woonder, and whereof -all that know you, or by any meanes may vnderstand of the match, will -no question greatly accuse & for euer condemne you. It is deliuered -with vs here for certain, that you are intended (vpon the doting -affection of a miserable old man, your neighbor, whose yeares are as -well fraught with diseases, and his manacled and benummed old ioynts -with imperfections, as his barred coffers with coine) to marry vnto -him my neece your yoongest daughter vpon a suddaine, and that to the -furtherance thereof, you offered to contribute of your owne store a -reasonable and sufficient portion. - -[Sidenote: _Antiphrasis_] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -Trust mee when I heard it at first, I deemed it as a counterfeit ieast, -thinking that the man whom I so wel knew before time, could not on -a sudden become such a paragon, as whereon a maiden of her feature, -youth, accomplishment, and fauor, could so quickly become enamored, -neither thought I that howsoeuer the dotage of the olde man stood as a -conceit to smile at, that you for your part would so much as vouchsafe -to hearken to it, especially at any time so seriously to speake of -it, much lesse to open your purse to become a purchaser of it, or by -constraint at all to enforce her fauors, to giue signe or token anie -waies vnto it. - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonoia_] - -[Sidenote: _Hyperbole._] - -Alas sir, was there no one thing more wherein besides you coulde -ouershoote your selfe, but onelie in so bad a purpose, an action so -vnhonest, an intendment so vile, a matter so much impugning nature, as -that the verie earth, or hell it selfe, coulde not belch out againste -the fayre Virgine, so huge and so intolerable a mischiefe, to match -I say, the matchlesse fauour of so young and dayntie a peece to the -filthie, tawnie, deformed and vnseemelie hue of so wretched and ill -fauoured a creature? What nature is this, to worke vnto her, whome of -your owne flesh you haue ingendered, whome so long you haue nourished, -whome to such and so manie perfections you haue trained, vppon a -suddaine, naie euen in one moment, so manifest an occasion to cast -her awaie, not yeelding vnto her heauy censure, so great a benefit as -death, but ten thousand griefes, the least of all which is worse then -any death that may bee, wherein comfortlesse she may complaine, grieue, -and bemoane her selfe without any reliefe at all, but by the precious -price and hazard of her own soule. - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Antiphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antiphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -Howe vnequally doe you deale herein, to render vnto her being scarce -sixteene yeares of age, a husbande enfeebled by fourescore yeares and -vpwards, whose toes are swolne with the gowt, and legs consumed with -the dropsie, whose leane carcase beareth no apparance but of old scars, -and stifned limmes become vnweldie supporters of his pined corps, -whome furs must fence from the least blast of cold, & dew of nappy Ale -cherish with warme fires, whose nightcap carrieth more store of heat, -then al his body doth of agility or strēgth, and nose far more fruitful -then sauory, with distilling drops down trilling from thence in -freshest spring of the ioliest seasons, maketh ill fauored refections. -What wrong do you tender the poore maiden therin? How vnworthy and -far ill beseeming is the same to her, who hath such a father, and -apparantly shal be known to be such a mans daughter? shall you not -therein bee noted of great folly, will not all men laugh at it, pitie -it, crie shame of it, and her selfe poore soule praie to God to reuenge -it. - -[Sidenote: _Commoratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -It is too much intollerable beleeue mee, that you should endeuour in -this sorte by colour of your Fatherlie authoritie to constraine her, -whome (albeit shee is your owne childe) yet maie you not thus forciblie -compell vnto so vnnaturall an extremitie: Consider with your selfe -howe grieuous the thing you goe about to compasse, may returne vnto -her, and whereas liking and choise is of all other things in case of -marriage to bee accounted most dearest, you not onelie agaynst her -will, do endeuour to induce a breach thereof, but also do giue her -ouer into the handes of such a one, whose inequalitie so far forth -disseuereth frō her appetite as that it cannot otherwise be, but (as -vnto all others, so vnto her chiefly) it must become vnsufferable. Haue -you no more care of her that is your daughter, but when nowe you haue -brought her to the passe, wherein shee should participate the vertuous -and modest vse of that, whereunto her yeares haue adapted her, and for -which ende and purpose, marriage was by Gods sacred ordinance at the -first ordayned, in steede of a louing and contented husbande, to giue -her a withered olde Truncke, in lue of sweete and mutuall societie, to -wedde her to sorrowe and euerloathed griefe, to endow her with larger -profite then with honest contentment, thinke you that shee is a stone, -that her senses from others are different in their right operation -and qualities, that shee more or lesse, or in stranger sort then anie -others, can become therein more forcible, or lesse iniuried? No sir, -assure your selfe, you must needes heape vp no other but extremities -vppon her, it cannot bee but if you proceed herein, you must of force -vndoo her, the ende and conclusion is so vtterlie bad, as it cannot be -remooued. - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -Returne then vnto your selfe, and thinke herein what best beseemeth -your daughter, remember that what you take in hande in that action -is vngodlie, iniust, seuere, and vnnaturall, that in giuing such a -husband, you shall giue her (without the greater grace of God) and -him both to the diuell. Consider, that you are with pietie, and to -a Christian purpose and ende, to moderate your authoritie, weigh -with your selfe that the couetousnes wherwith you are ouercome is no -purchase to her of safety. And ballancing all these in the waight and -cords of equalitie, withdraw your selfe, and by such meanes become -disswaded from so great an absurditie. So may you the more easilie -performe that vnto her belongeth, as a kinde and louing father, and for -the profite by this trauell reaped at your hands, bind her and all vs -with greater feruencie, to loue you. Whereon concluding the scope of -all my former desires, I end, &c. - - - _An Epistle reprehensorie to a young - Gentleman._ - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -About seuen dayes passed, I receyued Letters from my Brother N. the -long expectation whereof, and desire I had to bee infourmed of your -well dooing, made mee inwardly reioyce at the first viewe of them, -supposing that as I deliuered you out of my handes, I should still haue -found you in the same predicament, without alteration, or so much as -anie surmize of that wherof I haue beene thereby aduertised. - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -It is long since indeede that you were with mee, at which time you were -in manner a childe, neuertheles in those tender yeares so towardlie -giuen, and of so milde and gentle disposition, as there was great -cause whie then I should esteeme of you, and much matter offered to -all others that knewe yee, whereupon to commend you: But nowe if it -bee true as I am informed, your actions are turned quite contrarie, -you are become a chaungeling, you are no more the same, but another -in qualitie, minde and operation. If this bee so, you haue surelie -taken a wrong course, in exchaunge of vertue, to make choise of vice: -in steede of laudable exercises, to admit a number of lewd qualities: -in place of good and honest vsage, to enter into a life vnciuill, -lewde and sauage: your companie keeping is (as is reported) without -anie order, your studies are carelesse, your pastime recklesse, your -tabling drunkennesse, your liuing vnthriftinesse: finallie, blushing -before time at all thinges, for their noueltie, you dare boldlie nowe -to aduenture anie thing bee it with neuer so great infamie. These -things, my good Coosen, I must tell you are vnfit for a Gentleman, -and much ill beseeming that education of yours, whereunto they were -neuer accustomed. From these, if you will doe aright, you are nowe -to weld your speedie course, and quicklie to depart, calling to your -remembrance, that what approcheth the condition of euerie ordinarie -person is not meete for your credite, and what in men of common account -appeareth to bee no blemish is in your reputation helde to be a great -and notable faultinesse. - -[Sidenote: _Hirmos._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -When men desire to bee well famed, and by true renowne to rise -vnto worthinesse, they flie sloath, and giue themselues to auoyde -all occasions of Idlenesse, they endeuour to become painefull and -industrious to couet thinges of highest accompt, and to bee in companie -with the most vertuous. Their credite hath no supporte by vanities, -they seeke not their reputation among raunnagates, they conuerse -not with Tauerne-haunters, and bibbers, they liue not with men of -vilde accompt, dissolute and vngratious, such kinde of meanes (as -insufficient to glorie) they deeme wretched and opprobrious. - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -You nowe if you would bee such as you ought to bee, must also pursue -the tracte of these, the sweetenesse and delicacie whereof (if but a -little you will pierce into the sowre and harsh taste of the other) -you shall quicklie conceiue, marke but the praise, benefites, estimate -and good reporte, entertained with the one; and on the other side, the -discredite, shame, discommoditie, and vile reckoning alwaies made of -the other, and then iudge by your owne decernement, howe much and howe -greatlie you are ledde awrie, in thus careleslie roaming vppon others -vilities, and concluding with your selfe vppon the ill conceipt that -all good men haue of such hatefull and disorderlie kinde of liuing, -returne betimes, ere too late, for want of good aduisement, you -foolishlie begin to crie out of your winning. - - _Principiis obsta, sero medicina paratur,_ - _Cum mala per longas conualuere moras._ - First stop the cause, too late doth phisicke come, - When euils smal, to great (by sufferance) run. - -Credite me (whome euer you haue knowne to fauour you) the disgrace that -quickly you shall sustaine, if betimes you relent not these euils, wil -to a good mind become so vile and so odious as not without great sorow -and griefe, may bee wiped away. I disguise not with you in that I saie, -for you shall finde it and proue it to be true. It is a shame for any -man in those yeares, wherin of al others his towardnes should chiefly -be effected, to be accompted then bad, vilde, lewd, and ill demeaned, -much more for a Gentleman, whose education was so good, whose infancy -so well trained, whose adolescency so formerly with al kind of vertues -indued, to become, now when most discretion should swaie in him, worse -then before, more disordered then when hee was to be corrected, lesse -commended in his owne gouernment then when he was vnder anothers -intertainment. - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -The loue that I beare vnto you, maketh mee the more largelye heereof -to enfourme you, which for that I deeme not of anie ill seede sprong -out of your owne nature, to bee growne vppe into such kernels, I doe -thereby adiudge, that with more facilitie they maie be disseuered, the -braunches I knowe are of others wearing, which I neuer wish to bee -so farre foorth lyked, as to become of your owne gathering. From the -inconuenience whereof, I hitherto haue studyed thus much to withdrawe -you, as hee that most of all desireth aboue anie other to enioie you. -The haste of the messenger, and wearinesse of writing enforce mee -to leaue. God, who is the conductor of all happie endeuours, blesse -you, and till I heare from you againe, my selfe will exspect the best -reformation that any good opinion may induce in mee, as yet to conceyue -of you. Fare you well, this of. &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Amatorie. Chap. 19._ - - -=Diuers other patternes of sundrie occasions concluded vnder this -Tytle, might besydes these heere bee put downe, whereof because I haue -so largelie spoken in the discourse before these Epistles, I thinke -the examples alreadie proponed to bee sufficient. And nowe the last of -all these diuisions yet vnspoken of is |Amatorie|, whereof because the -humours of all sortes with loue possessed, are so infinite and so great -an vncertaintie in them remaineth, as that perchance euen in yᵉ verie -writing of his letter, the louer himself is somtimes scarce certain -of his own intended purpose therein, the lesse must of necessitie -be the precepts of the same, for that in some of them wee require -and entreate in others expostulate the matters and occasions falling -in the necke therof, other times complaine, another while fawne and -speake faire, then purge or cleare an accusation supposed agaynst vs. -Finallie, innumerable are the deuises wherewith the reynes of loue are -conducted. But in as much as I haue heretofore giuen vnto all other -titles their seuerall preceptes, I will somwhat also in this place -speake to the purpose thereof: In which I must first referre the writer -vnto the consideration of the honestie of the action by him pretended -to be written of, and then for the places of request, complaint, -expostulation, or auoydance of anie thing therein happening to the -waight of his owne affection, which how vehemently, or slenderly it -weigheth, himselfe can best testifie, and lastly, for the well ordering -of either of these, to the examples |Petitorie, Expostulatorie, -Defensorie|, and |Excusatorie| in this booke plentifullie deliuered, -wherein howbeit the matter of loue is no wayes expressed, yet to anie -capable or wel disposed conceit, the conueyance thereof cannot in the -selfe exchange of the subiect be without some import vnto them.= - -=In this place there might also bee made a distinction of loue where -in a |Sympathie| of minds from man to man aswell vniteth togither by -an indissoluble league of amitie their hearts in one, as betwéene man -and woman, and that for the most part by a far more waightie league, -and more inuiolable discretion. But sith the alteration thereof, as it -much differeth in qualitie from the other, is also alike exchaunged by -title, that one tearmed by the name of |Friendship|, and this other -chalenging onelie to be deciphered by |Loue|, these amours in this -definition shall onely be intended such, as are modestly tendered from -men vnto women, and so accordingly herein to be exampled and written -vpon.= - -=And howbeit the little experience I haue had of some conuersing in -this kinde of studie, hath sufficientlie taught mee to knowe, that the -verie instinct or setled impression of this kinde of fantasie is such -a Schoolemaister to inuention, and so cunning a refiner of any well -disposed conceit, as that with very small help, it thereby commonlie -performeth much more then well could bee otherwise intended. To the -helping and putting forwardes whereof, a number of excellent penned -discourses onelie pertinent and seruing to the efficacie of those -amours, are with the greatest singularitie that may bee deliuered, yet -in so much as this booke taking vpon it to set foorth of euerye the -tytles therein distinguished, some one or other particular example, -may not by the defect of these, seeme to haue anie want of that, -which by it hath bin formerlie promised. I haue thought good for order -sake, to pursue also in this place, the effect of this Methode. The -circumstances whereof by the examples following shall bee tendered.= - - - _An example of an Epistle, for the first entreatie - of good will_. - -The long and considerate regarde, by which in deepe contemplation I -haue eyed your most rare and singular vertues, ioyned with so admirable -beautie, and much pleasing condition graffed in your person, hath -mooued me good Mistresse E. among a number whome entirely I knowe to -fauour you, earnestlie to loue you, and therewith to offer my selfe -vnto you. Nowe howbeit I may happilie seeme in some eyes, the least in -woorthines of a number that daylie frequent you, yet may you vouchsafe -in your owne priuate to reckon mee with the greatest in willingnesse, -wherein, if a seded and immooueable affection towardes you, if feruent -and assured loue grounded vpon the vndecaiable stay and proppe of -your vertues, if continuall, nay rather inexterminable vowes, in -all perpetuitie addicted vnto your seruices, if neuer ceasing and -tormenting griefe vncertainlie carried, by a hazardous expectation, -closed in the circle of your gracious conceyte, whether to bring vnto -the eares of my soule a sweet murmure of life, or seuere sentence of -a present death, may ought at all preuaile either to mooue, entreate, -sue, solicite, or perswade you, I then am the man, who shrining in my -inwarde thoughts, the dignitie of so woorthie a creature, and prising -in deepest weight (though not to the vttermost value) the estimate of -so incomparable a beatie, haue resolued liuing to honor you, and dying -neuer to serue other but you, from whose delicate looks, expecting -no worse acceptance, then may seeme answerable to so diuine an -excellencie, I remaine. - - _Your most passionate, loyall and - perpetually deuoted, &c._ - -=This example seeming to be in the superlatiue degree, it is intended -that the direction thereof or the like, shoulde passe vnto such a -one, whose birth, education, or other complements, maie sufficientlie -answere the greatnesse and efficacie thereof, otherwise to one meanlie -demeaned, or farre lesse enabled, to indite or offer the like, it might -seeme vnto the writer, a great indignitie, as well in iudgement, as by -an apparant want of some other sufficiencie. For which I thought good -to admonish thus farre in this place, howbeit in the seconde Chapter -of this booke, I haue touching a respect in all writing to bee had -vnto the partie, his partes, place and qualitie, plentifullie alreadie -discoursed.= - - - _Another example to that purpose._ - -Good Mistresse E. I am bolde though a straunger, to make these Letters, -messengers at this present of my good meaning towards you, wherein you -may please to thinke that I goe not about by pretence of a most entire -and heartie good will which I professe to beare you, to make present -surmise thereupon, that on so bare an assertion you should immediately -credite me, I prise your worthinesse at farre greater value, and weigh -your good allowance so much, as I onelie desire, that by your fauorable -liking I may intreate to haue accesse vnto you, not doubting but by my -being in your presence, I shall so sufficientlie by apparant proofe -maintaine the efficacie of that I now protest, and giue you so good -occasion to deeme well of mee, as you shall haue no reason to repent -you, that vpon so honest and louing request you haue condiscended to -my entreatie. Whose health and prosperitie tendering in all things as -mine owne, I sende you with my Letter a token of that great affection I -beare you, which I most heartilie praie you to accept of, and weare for -mee. And euen so doe continue. - - Yours, if so you please to accept of me, &c. - - - _An answere to the first of these Epistles._ - -That men haue skill, and are by sundrie commendable partes enabled -to set foorth their meaning, there needeth, as I thinke no other -testimonie then your presente writing, your eloquence is farre beyonde -the reach of my poore witte, and the multiplicitie of your praises -fitter for a Poeticall Goddesse, then to the erection of anie such -earthlie Deesse. For my parte, I houlde them as the fancies and toies -of men, issuing from the weakest of their humours, and howe farre my -selfe can deserue, none then my selfe can better conceiue. Beeing one -of good sorte, as you are, I coulde doe no lesse then write againe vnto -you, the rather to satisfie the importunitie of your messenger, wishing -such a one to your lot as wel might paragonize those excellencies your -write of, and answere euerie waie vnto the substaunce of all those -inestimable prayses. So hauing, your loue and your writing, might (as I -take it) bee best suted togethers. - - Yours, as far as modesty will, to aun- - swere your curtesies, &c - - - _A replie to the same answere._ - -Gracious obiect of my pleasing thoughtes, and mistresse of all my -inwarde happines, sweete were the lines you wrote, God wot vnto mee -your seruant howe comfortable, and how precious, knowing that their -premeditation had issue from those your peerlesse excellencies, & the -touch of those letters passed the guidance of your delicat hands, how -sharp or powerful soeuer be the weight of the same, the lesse shall be -the griefe, in that she whom I honour and estimate aboue all others, -hath vouchsafed to wish vnto my lot, y accōplishmēt of all those -excellencies, which none but her self can paragonize, and wherein she -onelie goeth beyond all others. Vouchsafe (sweete Mistris) that what -vnto you is intended to bee pleasing, may not seeme disgraced, by the -ornamente of _Eloquence_, the Soueraigne and praise-woorthie _Glorie_ -whereof, beautifieth both speeches and reasons. Too dulle are my -senses (I confesse) to blaze foorth the weight of your merites, your -accomplishmentes beeing so manifold, as whereout (if euer anie earthlie -Deesse by anie excellencie were deriued) the same might bee thought -to haue alonlie proceeded. You may please of my loue to deeme as of -your owne deseuinges the foundation whereof cannot bee so slender, as -whereon so weake a thinge as fancie shoulde bee grounded. But as your -_vertues_ are permanent, so may you iudge of my loue to be perpetuall. -Let it once more accord with your curteous consent, that these letters -with the first may haue the like fauourable acceptaunce, whereby you -shall kindle in mee no other or greater presumption, then what best -fitteth vnto the woorthinesse both of your _vertue_ and calling. With -heartes longing and sighes sending, my Letters, and well wishinges -speede them togethers, crauing that you will euer holde and deeme of -me, as of him that in all protested faith, loue and loyaltie, is and -will bee alwaies. - - Yours, &c. - - - _An answere vnto the second Letter._ - -Sir, your message is vnto mee as strange as your selfe, who are vnto -me a stranger, & what your good meaning vnto me is, I knowe not, -for giuing of hastie credite to your assertions, as you seem not -to chalenge it, so was I neuer hetherto of my self so hastie to do -it, hauing eftsoones bene taught, that of fairest speaches ensueth -often the fowlest actions: I cannot condemne your purpose, because I -entende the best of your dealings, and howbeit I am in no point so -restrained, but that in all reasonable sort that may be, anie accesse -may be granted: so when you shall by further notice sufficientlie make -apparant that with modestie I may doe it, I shall bee willing so farre -foorth as my yeares and present beeing, may minister occasion, in anie -thankfull requitall that may bee to yeelde my selfe vnto you. Till -which time I returne your token againe and my hartie thankes vnto you -by this bearer. - - Your friend as one vnacquainted - hetherto may be, &c. - - - - - THE SECOND PART OF - the English Secretorie. - - - - - _Of Epistles Iudiciall. Chap 1._ - - -=As I haue already exampled vnto you all sortes of |Epistles|, -contained vnder the two titles of |Demonstratiue|, and |Deliberatiue|: -So by the order and disposition formerlie vsed, it behooueth (as nexte -in course) I doe nowe come vnto the title |Iudiciall|. Why this title -is so called, I haue in that other booke alreadie deliuered. So that -nowe it may séeme fit, that herein as in the other twaine before going, -we deliberate what order and places for the well handling and proper -conueyance of |Epistles|, are principallie to be obserued.= - -=You shall then vnderstand, that for so much as the efficacie of -this title is wholie caried in cause of |Accusation|, |Inuectiue|, -|Charge|, or |defence|, the matters whereof are wholie censured by -lawe, by common reputation, by custome, by authoritie or by iudgement, -the |Rhetoricians|, for the more excellent setting foorth of the -|Oratoriec| partes hereof, haue vnto the generalitie of the same, -allotted thrée states or principall heades, whereout by imitation, all -our |Epistles| vnder this title are wholie to be caried. The first is -called |Coniecturall|, that is, where a matter by coniecture onlie of -time, place, estate, or condition of the person, or other likelihoodes -to the same agréeing, may be supposed or enforced.= - -=The second is |Iuridicial|, wherein not by coniecture, but by matter -in action, sentence, lawe, or iudgemente, wee aggrauate the cause in -question, in which remaineth the qualitie, circumstance, or greatnes -to be decided, and howe vehementlie or slenderlie it hurteth or -importeth.= - -=The third is tearmed _Legitima_, which by |Lawes|, customes, common -vsage, or |allowance|, defineth a thing to bee good or bad, tolerable -or not to be suffered. Out of these heades ariseth the plentie of all -our following diuisions, which also hereafter are in their places to -be collected, the first whereof, containing matter of |Accusation| -or |Charge|, may be saide to be |Accusatorie|, |Expostulatorie|, -|Exprobratorie|, |Comminatorie| and |Inuectiue|. The Second, beeing -|Responsorie| to either of these, may be saide to be |Excusatorie|, -|Purgatorie|, |Defensorie| or |Deprecatorie|. The compasse aswell of -the one as the other, either for matters |accused, obiected, purged, -excused, entreated for|, or |Defended|, are simply or wholie included -vnder all or one of these heads before remembred.= - -=The efficacie of either of these, aswell for inforcementes, as for -clearing or auoydance of anie matter do séeme to be drawne, _per -locos absolutes_, places absolute, and _locos assumptiuos_, places -assumptiue.= - -=_Loci absoluti_ are such, as containe in them enforcementes not to be -auoided, whether it be in charge, matter |inuectiue|, or |defence|, for -that they are collected of vnauoidable groundes, that is to say, of -|Nature|, |Lawe|, |Custome|, |Contract|, |common allowance|, |Righte|, -|Lawfull| and |Good Sentence| and |Iudgement|. These aswell to the -state |Iuridiciall|, as to the other of _legitima_, are alike ordinarie -and common, this onely difference, that in that of |Iuridicial|, they -are all enforced to condemnation: in that of _legitima_, censured by -their qualitie, vse or toleration.= - -=_Loci assumptiui_, are only collections by coniecture, and not matter -in certainty, but such as may be vrged by likelihoods yet greatly -enforce to accusation, and serue alike to mitigate by defence or -excusing, this to the state |Coniecturall|, and this of Juridiciall doe -remaine alike common.= - -=The parts and places |Cōiectural|, for the heaping of likelihoods, -either to accuse, excuse, purge or defend, haue respect vnto the -|Wil, dispositiō|, or |ability| of any one. The |Wil| is searched by -the outward quality or condition of a man, by his readines, hate, -affection, or mislike to a thing, |Dispositiō|, by the country or soil -wherein one is borne, as if wee shoulde say at this presente of a -forraine aduersarie, |Hee is a Spaniard, how can hee beare good will -to England?| By his ofspring, as if we should saie, |Being born, and -bred of lewde parents, how can the issue be good.| By his education, as -thus, |He was so looselie trained vp, and so vilelie inured, that there -is no hope at all to be in him expected.| By his studies, as to saie, -|Consider but the application of his whole manner of liuing, weigh -his continuall practises, see but into his particular and ordinarie -studies, and then tell mee what you may iustlie suppose of the -residue of his beeing|. And likewise by sundrie other circumstances. -|Abilitie| is vrged by |Oportunitie|, by |Time| and |Place|, |Aydes| or -|Supportes|, and the means of either of these, measured by the credite, -affection, want, companie, conceit, or instabilitie of the person we -goe about to accuse, excuse, purge or defend.= - -=Thus haue I largelie deliuered vnto you, the sum and scope of -what in speciall to be intended vnder this title, the vse and more -particular shew whereof shall bee by their seuerall Epistles more -amplie explaned vnto you. And howbeit I could here a little dwel by -some continued discourse, in the commendable aduancement vnto you of -the woorthinesse of this present part we haue now in hand of well -writing, wherein not onelie these places alreadie remembred, but in a -manner all other partes of the |Deliberatiue| and |Demonstratiue| kinde -are most plentifullie accited: Yet will I but remember vnto you howe -effectuallie by the well handling of anie the particulars therunto -belonging, and howe farre more singularlie then in anie others, the -excellencie of a good witte and a quicke, and fine inuention is most -fullie deciphered, feeling that in the occurrents heereof, the writer -is neuer tyed to anie one course in particular, but hath scope to wade -into all things in generall.= - -=For that by the verie order of these Epistles, hee shall sundrie -times haue occasion to vse the partes |Descriptorie, Laudatorie, -Vituperatorie, Hortatorie, Swasorie, Disswasorie, Petitorie, Monitorie, -Conciliatorie, Reprehensorie|, and at many times diuers or the most -part of them altogithers. Wherefore leauing any further respect hereof, -vnto the ready conceite of such as thereunto may bee enabled, we will -proceed vnto the rest.= - -=The partes for |Disposition| required in these Epistles, are as in -the others before going, that is to saie: |Exordium, Narratio|, or -_Propositio_, _Confirmatio_, _Confutatio_, and _Peroratio_.= - -=The first of the distinctions vnder this part Iudiciall to be -prosecuted, appeareth to be |Accusatorie|, which either simplie by -coniectures, or by matter of knowne or verily supposed troth, as you -haue before remembred, or both wayes at once, may bee conueyed. Whereof -the first in sequence which I will deliuer vnto you for example, shall -be in the state coniecturall, which being framed to be questionable -betwéene a Merchant and his seruant, falleth out in sort following to -be performed.= - - - _An example of an Epistle Accusatorie in the state Coniecturall, from - a merchant to the father of his seruant._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -Sir, you will perchaunce maruell to see the sudden accesse of these my -letters vnto you, togither with the hastie repaire of my man, (such as -heretofore hath not beene accustomed betweene you and me, sithence our -formost acquaintance) but to stay that doubt, and to enforme you at -large, what vrgent occasion I haue so to doe, it may please you with -as little discontentment as may bee, to giue your selfe to the view of -these Letters, and thereupon to censure on my behalfe the matter of the -same accordinglie. - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -Your sonne sir, who nowe these three yeares passed to your good lyking -hath continued in my seruice, and whome your selfe doe verie well -knowe, that for the reputation of his parentes and friendes, I alwayes -for the most part haue entertayned with especiall trust and regarde, -beeing this last Summer returned out of Barbarie, with an aduenture -in a shippe of mine owne, I did vpon great choyce, immediatelie after -his account deliuered, place in the ouersight, disposition and rule -of all my whole goodes, stocke, and Merchandise. And in expectation -and assurance of his especiall and more then ordinarie care and good -behauiour therein, did about September last (vppon a iourney which I -had to the North partes with diuerse of my nearest friendes, whereby I -was compelled to bee foorth by the space of two Monethes) commit vnto -his like credites, the custodie of diuers summes of money alreadie -receyued, as also the collection and further receyte of sundrie other -paymentes of great waight, at the dayes and times wherein they were -payable, by him to my vse to bee reserued and layde vp, sithence -which, by what sinister humour I knowe not, nor by what vntoward -conceit can I yet imagine, in the time of my absence, and a little -before my returne homewards, hee is gone away, no man knoweth whither. -Vpon the newes whereof being greatly aflighted, I haste to his counting -house, search his bookes of receits and paiments, and there withall -breake open his deske and coffers, in which after all reckoninges -fullie perused and considered of, I find my selfe to bee backewards of -diuers allowances, the certainty whereof I cannot yet determine, but -the greatnesse by the likelihoode, is verie vehemently to be suspected, -by reason that in this sort, without anie other occasion he is fled, -and from so great a charge without knowledge of anie one about me, so -suddenly departed. - -What presumptions I haue, and those verie large, by such kinde of -dealing, whereby I may iustly burthen him, you may heereby coniecture, -as first his disposition, giuen (as sithence hath verie crediblie bin -reported vnto me) to be verie prodigall, & of most excessiue expence, -then the occasion offered by such immoderate confidence in him reposed: -next, the vncontrolled rule hee bare throughout all my dealings: -lastlie the time and secrecie of his departure, beeing thus hasted in -mine absence, and here withall some such things which are missing, as -whereof none were priuie but himselfe, and whereunto no accesse could -bee without himselfe. Insomuch as the losse which I reckon of, and -wherefro I can yet finde no release, by reason of this his vnknowne -departure, cannot (for ought I hitherto perceiue) amount to so little -as CC.li. - -By some fewe that since his going away haue encountred with him, -it appeareth, that not onelie he is well monied, but also of his -iourneying Westward, whereby I am led to thinke his resort to be no -way so likelie, as to you which are his father, or to some other his -friends there about you. For which cause I haue directed these togither -with my man, as well to referre vnto your consideration what hath -passed, as also to pray that by your due search and examination of the -action, both his person may be answered, and my suspition of him the -better and more manifestly be cleared: and euen so recommending my -selfe and cause to the furtherance of your good direction, I take my -leaue. This of, &c. - -=This letter hauing direction from the maister to the father, in -seeming a Gentleman of some good account, we will according thereunto -frame you an answer, which in this place according to the nature -thereof may be tearmed |Excusatorie|. The conueiance of which, either -lesseneth by vehement likelihoods the qualitie of the offence, or -otherwise (though not clearlie auoydeth) yet by the naked truth -or simplicitie of the action it selfe, maketh it seeme of farre -more slender moment or importance, then before it might haue béene -coniectured. And forasmuch as the father was a by partie to the wrong -suggested, and onely in that it was his son, and the reformation of the -thing opposed, might by him in some sort bee redressed or recompenced, -wee will suppose herein the Letter in forme following by him to be -answered, and the residue vnspoken of to be left to the purgation or -defence of the other on whome the fault is charged, and to whome in -particular, it belongeth to sée the same answered.= - - - _An example excusatorie returned to the effects of this coniectural - epistle, from the father to whome the same was written._ - -Maister R. I haue receyued your Letter, to no small griefe (at the -first) of my priuate conceyts, but sithence hauing examined the matter -am somewhat deliuered of doubt, by the satisfaction that in search of -the cause I haue alreadie receyued. My sonne (as you write) was here in -the Countrey, at my brothers house, not farre from mine owne dwelling, -and yet so newlie come thither, as he had reposed himselfe but one -night ere the sight of your present Letters and messenger were arriued. - -To the action wherewith you do charge him, I can say nothing more then -that himselfe hath written, which agreeing with the formost speech, and -first examination had by his Vncle, I must hold as yet vndetermined -till I heare your further answer. For the coniectures you haue -deliuered, whereby to induce that you are a greater looser by him then -without further grounde I can hitherto imagine. I aunswere thus much, -that the alteration were verie strange, and humour too sudden, to finde -him now so lauish, whom before time your selfe haue commended to bee so -frugall, and especiallie in whatsoeuer to his charge and gouernment -hath by you beene committed. - -To the residue I will be silent, because himselfe that first bredde the -occasion appeareth meetest to answere it. - -If I heare not from you before the middle of this tearme, my intent -is by Gods grace to bee at London, where your apprentice and my sonne -shall be in person forth comming vnto you. At which time if I find -farther defects, or more equitie to charge him, contrarying to that -which alreadie haue bin answered by him, he shal not be mine by anie -his ill dealings to be vpholden, but yours as belongeth in any sort you -like to chastise him. And euen so recommending my selfe heartilie vnto -you, I do bid you farewell. This of, &c. - - - _An example Purgatorie from the partie chalenged in answer of the - Epistle accusatorie before remembred._ - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -It may please you sir, on Munday last, beeing the next day after -my comming to my Vncles, he sending to T. to my fathers house to -vnderstand his pleasure, worde was returned immediatelie, of a -messenger and letters receyued from you, whereby it was my fathers -pleasure to commaund me to his presence, and to require mine vncle to -be there present also in companie. - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -At my comming thither, many things were laid forth as wel by your -writing, as by the mouth of your man, how grieuouslie you were damaged -both by diuers summes wherein you were short in reckoning, and other -thinges by you missing, vppon my running away (as you tearme it) the -muchnesse whereof was not so much enlarged by your letter, as the -ouerlauish deliuerie of your man had to the great encrease of ill -opinion in my father, with diuers vnbeseeming tearmes, augmented the -same. - -And nowithstanding I had in mine own conscience sufficientlie, and with -sound appearing trueth to the viewe of others answered the occasion, -yet forasmuch as neither seemed the same a full satisfaction to my -father, nor a matter clearlye auoided towardes you, till in your plaine -and certain notice, I had also confirmed the same, I was commaunded -by him to write what I there affirmed, and accordinglie to aduertize -you of the state of your busines, and inualidity of your coniectures, -that by the verity thereof I might with more liking be reputed of, and -himselfe haue lesse cause then he supposed whereat to be grieued. - -To the matter of your letter, whereby I am accused, and in which you -saie you are backward I knowe not in what, it appeareth that for the -finding out of the certaintie or likelihoode thereof you entred vpon my -desk and coffers, and searched my books of account and payments, which -beeing so, if you were as circumspect in my behalfe, as you were in a -rash surmize of your own harmes, you might haue assured yourselfe, for -to haue found no one penie of any summe wanting at all, or where any -was missing, either by exchange at your own appointment, or vpon other -good occasions to haue also seene howe the same was bestowed, or where, -or vpon what it was els where imploied. - -[Sidenote: _Metonimia._] - -For your better assurance wherein (if hitherto you vnderstande not so -much) my boxe marked with this letter A. lying in the neather parte -of my deske, will confirme the same. And least I might be deceiued in -ought, before your comming, by the sinister practise of some such as -had more enuie at my honest credite with you, than care of your good -(whereof I mistake not at all, if I iudge this _viper_ to be one) I -not onelie reserued notes of euerie thing, caused one whome you will -beleeue (though to what purpose I protest hee then knewe not) not -onelie to tell euerie summe of money remaining in euerie bagge, and -to see the same sealed vp, but also to set his hand to my notes, as -witnesse to the same, so much I knowe I lefte, and of the residue the -declaration of a trueth shall bee witnesse sufficient of mine owne -fidelitie. - -Finallie, touching the likelihood of my going awaie without knowledge, -and that also in your absence, to bee a token of some waste or wrōg -to you offered, which you value not to be so litle as CC. poūds, I -trust sir (albeit the sum be great where little remaineth, and if -also it were lesse, it were yet too much to bee lost) your selfe -notwithstanding can tell verie well, that more then once I haue bin -credited with ten times the value of that at your handes, when by great -similitude, I could with more facilitie haue benefited my selfe to a -farre greater value, if I had bin so disposed, then what herein to be -accompted of, and (if so I had beene then also minded) coulde haue been -therewith farther out of your reach then euer I yet entended. And where -you suggest that it is sithence told you of my lauish expence, I can -thereunto say nothing more then euerie one knoweth, that trulie will -speake of me, and so you find not the hindrance in your owne accompte. -I trust you will beare equallie what in others opinions maie bee -construed of reasonablie. - -My going away is apparant, I cannot denie it, wherein if happelie -I haue done more then beseemeth, yet none so much as my selfe hath -thereby beene wronged, for that such occasion hath by meanes thereof -ensued, whereby my credite by sinister reports hath so greatly been -hazarded, yet was not yᵉ same altogether done without cause, nor voide -of honest excuse, for if either I had beene certaine of your so speedie -returne, or had not had so presumptuous an intruder vppon the trust -to mee committed (as at my comming to London I shall make more plaine -vnto you) I had not done as I did. And this assure your selfe sir, that -howe farre soeuer you imagine or are informed, that mine vncontrouled -rule in your house stretched, if I might with performaunce of as honest -trust haue discharged the same vnto you, as I alwaies had endeuoured, I -neither had lefte your house or stocke, to haue depended vpon so harde -supposed reckoning, nor lost you one houres commoditie of my seruices, -as you nowe challenge me to haue done. - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -My endeuour towardes my self, my fathers care, and your woonted good -opinion, hath mooued mee in sort as you see, to giue items of those -whome iustlie I am to complaine of, and to praie you that surceasing -all other surmizes vppon our hastie comming to London you will more -circumspectly in the meane time consider both of your dealings and my -writing, which in as dutifull manner as beseemeth, eftsoons crauing at -your handes, I doe (as euer I haue been) remaine, and take my leaue, &c. - - Your seruant confirmed in all fidelity - towards you, &c. - - - _An example of an Epistle Accusatorie in the state Iuridiciall - and Coniecturall._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium, Anadiplosis._] - -Iniurious R. iniurious I maie iustlie tearme thee, whose long -acquaintance with mee, and interchangeable good liking passing -betweene vs, bredde yet so little respect in the waight of the same, -as could not forwarne me of an euill so imminent, by meanes whereof -I doubt and cannot forbeare to thinke, but that I am vtterly induced -to the shipwracke of mine owne estate, and burthened with such -infortunitie, as I shall neuer cease to remember. - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metanoia._] - -But why (sencelesse as I am) make I doubt vnto thee of that, whereof -both the condition, abilitie, disposition, and euerie accident and -circumstance of the partie, whom I am forced to accuse, beareth so -sound witnesse, as if men and Angels should goe about to countermaunde -the same, not beeing able by a more certaine veritie in open shewe to -impugne it, there is none I am sure would beleeue no anie one that in -respect of the manifolde likelihoodes thereof, would almost so much as -vouchsafe to hearken vnto it. - -[Sidenote: _Epizeuxis._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Irmus._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Parison._] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -But if in the foremost deliuerie of these thou alreadie musest, and art -desirous to be resolued what it is, wherein so questionles I deeme my -selfe thus deepelie to be wronged: knowe then, that finding here at L. -thy kinsman, thy vnhappie kinsman, wandering as a straunger, conuersant -with badde fellowes, threedbare in apparell, forsaken of his neerest -kindred and friendes, readie to perish almost for want of foode, and -so pennilesse, and therewithall estraunged from all good account, as -beeing amongest other lewde persons, brought before a Iustice vppon -suspition of his wretched liuing, my selfe beeing in presence, and -taking vppon mee in hearing of his name, to bee knowing both of his -parentes and Countrey, had such credite with the Iustice, as hee -foorthwith discharged him, wherewith not contented I did for thy sake, -and in regarde of thee alone, take him home to my lodging, apparelled -him, saued his life, recouered againe his lost credite, and restored -him: Were not these benefites, thinkest thou sufficient to binde an -honest nature, to thinke himselfe beholding to such a one? Happie had -I then beene, if neuer more had I intermedled with him, neuer better -regarded him, or at no time after giuen farther credite and liking vnto -him. Alas, was it alone my chance among so manie that had cast him off, -euen then to entertaine him, to relieue him, to reckon of him, nay -rather beyond all reason (as thy selfe by the sequell wilt confesse) so -farre foorth to dote of him, as nourishing my secrete mischiefe, as it -were in mine owne lodging, vnder the shadowe of mine owne couert, yea -in my verie bosome, I must lead him yet farther along, in the end to -spoile me, and to meditate nothing so much, as my intended destruction? - -[Sidenote: _Paradoxon._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._] - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Aporia._] - -Thou maruellest I know to heare this (and strange & most strange it is -I must confesse) but yet true, and if not in him true, then in no other -true, by all likehoodes. But ere I farther report vnto thee, howe and -by what accident encreased my griefe, let mee yet shew thee more what -I did vnto him. So ordered the vnluckie starres my cruel Fate, and in -such (more then disordered maner) wrought the heauens against mee, as -albeit here at L. (for I must needes deliuer a truth vnto thee) he -was greatly desirous and became an earnest suter, I shoulde euen at -that time leaue him: yet pressed by mine one misfortune, and more then -tolerable liking, nothing regarding, or so much as once remembring in -what worse estate I might haue conceiued him, I bethought my selfe he -was a Gentleman, bredde of good and vertuous parents worshipfullie -allied. In their Countrey whilome well reputed, and if anie defect had -before befallen him, I knewe hee was a yonger brother, and want of -liuing and maintenance might impaire him, I had no sonne of mine owne, -his learning and other qualities (not to bee despised) drewe more and -more fancie vnto him: what should I say? I rendred vnto him all account -and preferment that lay in my possibilitie to procure him: and shortlie -to conclude, into the Countrey (furnished in the best part according to -his calling) I took him with me. - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Liptote._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Polyptoton._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -If I should say to thee, that his demeanour, his attendaunce, his -forwardnesse in all thinges to my noted liking, his outwarde shew in -whatsoeuer action vnto mee seeming to bee pleasing, did not of it -selfe appeare to chalenge so much, I shoulde lie vnto thee. But what -of that, howe is falshoode couered, but by the daintiest glosse, where -lurketh craft, if not in the shade of most simplicitie? Coulde the -Syren deceyue, if shee had no song? Which way should men bee bewitched, -if there were no meane of inchauntment? But did hee in the ende prooue -such in deede, as he seemed, or hereunto appertained? No, no. God -knowes he failed much therein, yea, hee was too farre from it. See then -how much beyond my selfe I was, that beeing thus intreated to discharge -my selfe of mine owne bane, would yet allure both Gods and men, to -bring into my bosome the purport of mine owne secrete and vnknowne -mischiefe. - -[Sidenote: _Metalepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -Christmasse nowe drewe on, after that a good time we had remained in -the Countrey, alas that times ordained and sacred to holie purposes, -should become ayders and furtherers to mens vile imaginations. In this -time, whilest all mens mindes were busied and occupied in dauncing, -banquetting and feasting, as vse and custome, and season of the yeare -had of auncient times induced, whilest the Hall was full of all sortes -of people, reuelling, playing, and occupyed in pastime, my daughter (O -griefe to thinke on, and heauiest sound to remember) my onelie daughter -was at bed-time missing: Search was made heere and there, inquisition -of this partie and that, this way ranne one, that waie another, the -house was troubled and filled with all hurlie burlie, onelie wading -further into the matter, and her Chamber throughlie perused, her -apparell was missing, Chests broken vp, iewels bereaued, mine owne -lodging spoyled, and in the ende, I sawe and found my selfe in what -cruell sort that might be robbed. - -[Sidenote: _Climax._] - -[Sidenote: _Polyptoton._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Auxesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosopopœia._] - -[Sidenote: _Epizeuxis._] - -[Sidenote: _Parenthesis:._] - -[Sidenote: _Irmus._] - -Hereupon grew suspition, and of suspition arised matter of likelihood, -and of likelihood at last, assured and most probable coniectures. -One while this man was brought in suspect, another while that partie -chalenged, then he was misdeemed, and another againe culpable adiudged, -but all in vaine. For hardly could my mind suppose, that hee to whom -my thoughts were so sincerely tied in all more then common affection, -would so farre forth haue beene estraunged, as at any time to become -weeting of my intended harmes, neuer a conspiratour, much lesse -an executour. But wicked and vile conceited _fraud_, what cannot -dissimulation, in cloake of sugred guile vnder thy title put forward. -And yet might my ignoraunce herein verie well haue become excusable, -for a seuen night before that time, that luckles time in which this -action was concluded (for long before was it purposed) your kinsman by -my allowance and good will had taken leaue, and seemed to be departed, -to goe into N. to visite his friends, whose absence besides the little -matter that euer in him I supposed to be hereunto sounding, and euerie -other circumstance conducing in all his common behauiours, not so much -as in shewe to giue a shadowe of this or any such like pretence, could -neuer haue induced mee to the least imagination at all, that hee of all -others, would haue offered to be seene in anie such thing. - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Expeditiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -But if you will nowe aske mee what presumption I haue then to charge -him more then another, in whome so little matter of suspition coulde -before time bee conceyued, I will aunswere yee. The presumptions are, -their conuersing together in one place, besides that, shee is by his -directions at L. and placed at his finding, that his pretence of going -away, was to depart into N. the deuise whereof appeareth nowe but a -plaine colour, to haue procured this vnhappinesse. Of all which I am so -surelie assertayned by the credible report of a Gentleman, so honest, -and of reputation so sufficient, as whereof I need to make no question. -For once they being togither, and in such sort as is deliuered, argueth -the circumstaunce of his going to N. to bee but a meere disguising, his -intent eyther onelie to bee a meane with lesse suspition to compasse -her, and so consequentlie to betraie her, the stocke whereupon they -liue, to bee my wealth, and what from mee is robbed and vnkindlie -bereaued, howe can it otherwise choose? is not the matter plaine and -euident? how else should he see her, compasse her, receyue her, and in -such sort entertaine her? - -[Sidenote: _Epitropis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -If these bee supposes, then what may bee serious, if such assured notes -as these seeme trifles, what then can bee sayde to bee certaine? and -yet long was it I must needes bewraie, ere my selfe could conceyue -the similitude it bare of trueth, so harde a matter it is where good -opinion is once rooted, by the veritie it selfe, almost to driue out -the same. But nowe sounding deeper into the action, I finde both will -and abilitie in each poynt so furthering, as without I determined to -winke still in mine owne blindnesse, I must renounce all fauourable -conceyte, and vtterlie confesse the same to bee but an errour. - -[Sidenote: _Epanodis._] - -[Sidenote: _Parison._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Conoratiō._] - -For hauing waded into euerie deepe conceite, and imagination of the -accident, well weighing with my selfe also what maner a one the -partie hath beene, how euill vnto mee sithence he hath likewise beene -reported of, how vilelie before my receit of him hee was generally -demeaned, with what base people and men of basest reckoning I found him -accompanied: I do immediatelie condemne my selfe that was so sottish -as to expect any other euent at his handes, then what hath alreadie -succeeded, seeing where so manie euil dispositions haue bene before -time abounding, it is not easily noted that from such a one any good -at all coulde bee at anie season proceeding. But too late nowe to my -no small griefe, doe I fall into this reckoning, which wisedome would -before haue preuented, and more circumspectlie haue intended to. For -whence (if I trulie shoulde speake of the action) ensued this abilitie? -Was it not the fauour and especiall liking wherewith I receyued him? -Howe could hee else haue presumed on it? Howe could he haue sought it? -Howe could he haue done it? But not for this doe I accuse thee my R. -as either accessarie, or fauourer of so badde and vnkinde a purpose, -but for thou knowing his course of life, weeting of my well deeming, -assured of his beeing with me, hauing reported vnto thee in what degree -I did credite him, woulde notwithstanding not so much as tell mee of -him, nor suffer mee by thy gentle admonition so much as to surmize how -I might bee deceiued by him. - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -Let I pray thee the sorrowfull demonstration of these my Letters bee -a meane vnto thee, as thou louest mee, tenderest mee, and carest for -me, to search out the truth, the state and circumstance of the thing, -and yet (forlorne as I am) seeke I therein but mine owne sorrow, for -neuer shall I like of him, care for her, or hardlie after this in any -sort abide her. Yet for my minde desireth to be resolued (though euen -in these verie wordes deliuering I doe not seeme to doubt) let me -receyue the plentie thereof at large, bee it that the resolution be a -confirmation of mine owne vnhappinesse, the force whereof beeing past -remedie I must support as I can, and seeke as I may to endure the rest -with patience. - - - _A Letter defensorie answering by confutation all the obiections - in this former Epistle surmized._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Insinuatiō._] - -It is sir, accustomed that men in griefe of minde doe often speake -diuers things, for which in respect of their sorow they seeme to -deserue many wayes to be pardoned, according to which, your selfe -hauing of late sustained some aduerse hap, do what by surmises, & what -by misreports, seeme to be at oddes with your owne liking, and vpon -a sodein to become enraged with your owne fancie. In the course of -your whole letter viewing the wrong you haue sustained, & the extreame -disquiet wherewith you are perplexed, I pittie your misfortune, and -as a friende doe inwardlie grieue at that wherewith you are troubled, -wishing that either I had abilitie to redresse the matter to your -liking, or otherwise that my wordes were of weight to perswade you, -that with the extremity thereof you would not so greatly be moued. - -[Sidenote: _Polyptoton._] - -Touching my kinsman, whome for my sake in such sort as you write you -receiued, and to whome vpon the outward deserte of his behauiour you -vouchsafed such entertainement, and vppon whose absence and departure -(albeit with your good liking) you seeke to intrude the summe of all -your vnhappinesse and misfortune. Hee is not indeede at this instant -here in the countrey, but as I deeme and you haue informed, about -London. Neuerthelesse for so much as it seemeth by your writing, -and also by his thankful acknowledgement and deliuery, both vnto me -and others, how much he hath stoode beholding vnto you, and that it -standeth to bee parcel of a gentle mind, as wel to recognise a good -turne, as to remoue by a louing censure an ill opinion, where the same -rather of griefe then of malice is vniustlie conceiued (notwithstanding -I may not so effectually speake to the purpose, as if himselfe were -personally present) I will endeuour vpon mine owne knowledge as farre -as I may, and so much as in truth I canne lawfully iustifie, hereby -to satisfie you, and if it bee possible to expell those causelesse -coniectures of him, that in such sort doe annoie you. - -[Sidenote: _Apostrophe._] - -To the matter therefore wherewith you are grieued, I thus much dare -affirme vnto you in his behalfe, that in all your imaginations you haue -greatly misconceiued, and the reasons leading me thereunto are these. - -[Sidenote: Answere to the cause of coniecture.] - -[Sidenote: _Procatalepsis._] - -First, where your selfe doe confesse that the onely matter you haue -in apparance inducing you to accuse him, is the credible report of a -friende of yours, that sawe him and your daughter at London, and a -suppose thereby, that shee is at his disposition, and the theft of -your goodes to them both an indifferent finding. I saie the validitie -of all this is nothing, for omitting that by diuers casualties men and -women at aduenture doe daily meete, experience whereof is in common vse -amongst our selues, and euen then when we least do thinke of it, and -most woulde woonder at it, the reason whereof I ouerpasse, because to -the accident I am but a straunger, what reason haue you so resolutelie -to thinke that the expenses whereon they remaine (so bee it they doe -as you alleadge continue togethers) must onelie bee drawne out from -that part of your lost substaunce, and so by consequence aggrauate a -likelihoode of his stealing your daughter? I neede not I trust perswade -you of his kindred, nor abilitie of his friendes, it resteth not in -doubt, you knowe it: then vnderstande you sir, it may also bee as -possible, that some one or other of them might at the length by some -more gentle motion then before time tender his good. Whereof I need -make no question, my selfe can assure you, for that an Aunt of his -dying of late, left him possessions to three hundred poundes value, -which beeing at his choise either to accept a diuision or money, it -is like he hath the coine and let the lande goe, and therupon is -the better enabled to do what is reported vnto you both for her and -himselfe. - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Dichologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthipophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Pleonasmus._] - -Hereupon you begin to call in reckoning his life, and I knowe not -what late reportes and informations of his liuing, to coniecture -thereupon his common disposition and ill vsage, with abilitie to doe -you a displeasure, performed by your owne countenance. Alas sir, why -shuld you be so far led awry by these vncertainties? Know ye not that -reportes are manie times slaunders? and that men for the most parte -speake generallie when they find a man in any sort to be iniured -particularlie? Hee is my kinsman I confesse, but not for that would I -yet defende him in his treacheries, but for mine owne knowledge of him -from the beginning, canne I witnesse the contrarie, I must tell you to -conclude thereupon, you do him small equitie. What if hee fell into -your notice by a little penurie? Manie an innocent and good man by want -hath beene driuen to ill companie, yet themselues vnknowing, and not -weeting at all of their facultie, and so truelie may I herein deeme of -him, gladlie in the meane time thanking you, and himselfe eftsoones -confessing the weight hee then receiued of your curtesie. - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonoia._] - -And if we shall aunswere likelihoodes againe by coniectures, why may -not (I pray ye) the carefull endeuor and diligent aduerting, your -selfe doe confesse in all his continuance to haue remained in him -towards your liking, be as well a testimony of his honest affection, -and glad indeuor to recompence by any seruice your kindnes, as vpon -his naked sole information, you would goe about to wrest it as a token -of dissembled iniurie? Nay rather why may not the suppose thereof bee -forcible to quench any other conceipt to the contrarie, seeing in the -reuolution of the same, you also doe graunt, that in all his behauiour -you neuer sawe so much as one suspect, whereby so farre as you are -gone, in such sort to induce you? For my part if we shal studie to -measure the conditions of men aright, I am of opinion that wee ought -rather to credit the vse and practise daily seene before our eies, then -by any misreport or vnseemely coniecture to giue scope vnto our owne -imagination or a selfe willed fantasie. - -[Sidenote: _Anthithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Dialysis._] - -[Sidenote: _Confutatiō._] - -Honest gratuity and dissembled trechery, seldom in my conceipt, do -drawe in one line togethers, thankefull I doe know him vnto you for any -benefite, for I haue seene him more then once, and that most feruentlie -to professe it, how he should halt with you by nature I finde not, as -whereunto I neuer saw him addicted: besides, thus much can I yet say -more to ascertaine you, that about the time mentioned in your Letter, -hee came hither to visite vs, sithence which till within this fortnight -he remained with vs. After about the receipt of his money, and for the -conclusion of that agreement, hee was disposed to London. There what -hath betided him I cannot rightlie enforme you, yet may the apparance -hereof bee sufficient, by good reason to assure you, that beeing thus -continued, as I haue declared, hee coulde verie hardly and almost -without possibilitie, haue beene so forwardes in the matter as hath -beene suggested by you. - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -In respect of your ancient amity and acquaintance, I doe yet pray -you, that you wil be recomforted of your griefes, opposing vnto your -selfe this one assurance, that by some strange euent your daughter is -happened to his knowledge, and this fixed hope that by beeing with him, -she is retained to her best safegard, who as well in respect of the -accompt he beareth vnto you, as of the curteous regard it is most like -he carieth vnto her, hath vpon some vrgent businesse beene compelled to -stay her, determining in some conueniuent time, I warrant you to your -comforte and his credite and good opinion to be encreased, to returne -her vnto you. Not being vnmindfull howe much I haue heretofore beene -staied, both to thinke woorthilie of you, and to thanke you, I doe for -the present bid you most hartile farewell. T. this of, &c. - - - - - Of Epistles Expostulatorie. _Chap. 2._ - - -=With these expressed examples, I thinke good to conclude this passed -title, and thenceforth to goe to the next, which is |Expostulatory|. -This worde seemeth to haue his definition of reasoning, debating or -arguing a cause, thereby to find the depth, weight, certaintie or -qualitie of the same, and according thereunto to lessen, qualifie, or -enforce the substance of griefe or mislike by such meanes conceiued. -And albeit iniuries, mislikes and discontentments are ordinary to all -men, yet do they for the most part, fall principallie to be receiued -among friendes, among kindred, great acquaintance and familiars, by -occasion whereof, this title in writing is but (as it were) the first -matter of challenge, before anie vile reproch bee performed. And this -also not where there is a resolute malice alreadie conceiued, but -where men aduisedlie and consideratlie do deliberate of their and -other mens actions according to reason to bee considered. By which -aduisement being led, without anie hairebraine or brainsicke deuise -or humor at all, they sometimes mildlie, and in curteous and louing -tearmes according to the state of the writer, and the condition of -those to whome he writeth, expostulate the iniurie, desirous rather -that the trueth by circumstances might be knowne, then anie quarrelsome -matter to bee obtruded. Otherwhiles more roughly and peremptorily they -deale, and yet not vnfittinglie nor badlie. But if the effect of your -writing be not determined in anie of these two sortes, but falleth -otherwise to a manner of reproching of benefittes, or to an exclamation -or bitter enforcement of euils, then may not the same bee said to be -|Expostulatory|, but rather to bee |exprobratorie|, or |inuectiue|, of -which both twaine hereafter shall be further declared. And as this kind -of expostulating falleth most with persons of equalitie, for that it is -scarse thought good maners, and sometimes helde perillous to dispute of -offences with one far aboue vs in authoritie, and with our inferiour so -to doe, it turneth more often to bee |Reprehensorie| then otherwise: -yet is the force thereof manie times caried from an inferiour to his -better, neuerthelesse with a kinde of aunswerable submission alwayes -respectiue to the others reputation or greatnes. And so may a man -with his inferiour also in good sort sometime expostulate an iniurie, -wherin if he shall vouchsafe so to doe, the partie lesse in abilitie -hath the more reason to recognize his courtesie: for a man of good sort -and greatlie reputed of, to offer as it were an imparlance vnto his -inferiour, whereby to argue with him a matter in suspence to bee noted -an iniury, cannot be but much to be praised, and so adiudged in that -betternesse, as to procéede of a most singular bountie. So be it he do -it not by insultation, nor anie pricke of vainglorie, for so doing it -looseth a great part of the vertue therein praysed, vnlesse the desert -of the partie be such, as may well merite that or a greater euill to be -tendered. By all these means as aforesaid may iniuries be expostulated, -the vsage whereof as well in matter of accusation as defence, is -indifferently to be carried, considering that onely by varietie of -allegations and not otherwise those questionable causes are to be -sifted. And so here out will we wade into their seuerall examples.= - - - _An example of an Epistle expostulatorie touching certaine iniuries - betweene two friends._ - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -Maister L. there passed if you doe call to minde, twixt you and mee -certaine speeches of great secrecie, vehementlie concerning the state -and good support of my brother. And for as much as I had then great -suppose, both of your honest courtesie and great fidelitie (as I -thought) sufficient to the matter then spoken of, I did (the extremitie -of the cruell creditours requiring it) not sticke to reueale vnto you -the conceiued maner and means how the same might be redressed. I do -verie perfectly remember, that but to one other besides your selfe, I -did communicate the cause, of whose rare and singular honestie I doe -so much assure my selfe, that if hee should reueale the same, I could -despaire for euer to find any man secret, or that with whatsoeuer -matter of friendship might hereafter be credited. But to be briefe with -you, the secret is discried, and therewithall so fully laide open, -as the whole maner of the same in sort as it was determined by one -of the parties whom it specially concerned, hath been to my brothers -owne eares deliuered. The other partie to whome I reuealed it hath -chaunged his lodging, and hitherto I haue not sent vnto him: whose -approoued fidelitie for that it remaineth of no small record to my -certaine knowledge, I will presume to verifie. It resteth then that -I must needes expostulate with you touching the iniurie, of whome I -haue more cause to doubt, being thereunto led not without manie and -those verie absolute coniectures. For first it is generallie knowne, -that you are verie needie, and to be plaine with you, there be those -that will iustifie that by such meanes you do shift now and then verie -cunninglie. It is master L. a verie base kinde of shift for a Gentleman -in anie treacherous manner to deale with his friend so vnkindlie. And -I can prooue besides, that sithence my trust reposed, you haue entred -speciall conference with the partie. The time likewise dooth somewhat -assure me, in which no one but your selfe coulde so suddenlie preuent -mee. There want not to giue scope hereunto, the speeches also which -the next day you deliuered mee after I had spoken with you, which -was, you feared least my man ouerheard, and might possiblie descrie -mee, whom your selfe knewe an houre before our conference, to haue -beene discharged our companie. Againe, the person and place where he -remaineth, enforce something, whereunto vnaccustomed you haue accesse, -and therefore for some speciall policie. And notwithstanding all these -vehement likelihoodes, yet will I not condemne you, till I see how -you will confute mee. Albeit my censure hitherto passeth that verie -hardlie you may answere it, without especiall note of infamie; which -being so, the displeasure may returne such as I can tell you, will not -be maistered verie easilie. The haste of the messenger forbiddeth me -longer delay, by reason whereof, I am compelled to leaue you. B. this -of. &c. - - - _An answere defensorie vnto the effects of - the same Epistle._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Liptote._] - -[Sidenote: _Excusatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Paræmia._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Procatalepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Paramologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Charientismus._] - -Maister H. The manner of your writing seemeth vnto mee verye straunge, -and the circumstaunce such, as I promise you, wherewith I was neuer -acquainted. I am not a little greeued to thinke that you shoulde -in that peremptorie sort you doe, attribute vnto mee the name of -so base and vnfitte a dealing. I would well you and your informer -vnderstoode: that it is not my practise to vse that cunning, which -you like to tearme by the name of shifting, neither (by whatsoeuer -necessitie constrained) doe I inure my selfe vnto the same. It is an -olde Prouerbe, _Where the hedge is lowest, there euerie man is readie -to goe ouer_. The verifying whereof appeareth in you, who hauing no -more certaintie then your meere imaginations to suspende mee, doe -iniuriouslie obiect my necessitie, as beeing the onelie meane wherewith -to disgrace me. Whie, maister H. dooth it therefore followe because I -want, that my minde must of force become maimed with such treacherie? -You are deceyued, and they guesse much awrie, that in such hatefull -manner doe go about to abuse mee. What argument call you that, that -for because you reuealed your counsell to vs two, and it liketh you -to preferre by certaine allowaunce the others reputation and abilitie -before mee, that therefore I haue deceyued you? Whie if you list to -suppose a trueth on my side (as lawfullie you might doe) were there -not as much reason that I for mine honestie, as hee for his brauerie -shoulde as indifferentlie bee censured? But your probable coniectures -you will saie doe entice you, the one whereof is the time wherein none -coulde preuent you. Was not I pray you that other in Towne as well -as I, though hee altered his lodging? And suppose that euerie daie -wee were both heere since, may it bee vnpossible that another might -endammage the matter as well as we? But I had speciall conference with -the partie, and the place and person without that occasion, of no -likelihoode by mee to bee frequented. Had I conference? Is that a thing -so maruellous? Am I so farre estraunged from honestie, that I may not -haue speech with a man, but to worke my friend villanie? Alacke man, -whie, I was neuer so fearefull of mine one keeping secretes, that I -woulde haue denied it if you had asked mee, neither doe I much force -if your owne eyes doe witnesse the cause when I next speake with you. -In saying the place and person was before time by mee vnused, you -speake iniuriouslie, for your owne selfe doe knowe, that both he and -the rest, were to mee knowne before time, and that verie familiarlie. -To conclude, I wish you to bee perswaded, that in rewarding mee with -such conceytes as these, you shall doe mee but small courtesie, and ill -requite my faythfulnesse by vpbrayding mee with my necessitie, that -woulde haue endeuoured all meanes possible to pleasure you. And as -touching anie infamie to me redounding herein, I woulde I could as well -cleare all my offences to God-warde, as I can free my selfe of this -suspition, and that with as great honestie, as others most maliciouslie -haue sought to defame mee, and then no doubt my account should be a -great deale lesse then it is, when euer the Almightie by his eternall -summons should call me. In resolution whereof, I ende this answere. The -of. &c. - - - _A reply to the said answere Defensorie, wherein the matter of the - Epistle is more firmlie maintained._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -Of ancient time it hath often beene sayde, _that it is euill halting -before a Cripple_, faithfull dealing and flourishing glosing are two -contraries. Among true friends indeede, and such as doe make more -account of their credite and honestie, then of the base acquiring of -a sleight commoditie, I doe confesse it is not of small moment to -builde vpon the rock of their assurance, and to make reckoning of -their word, to the vttermost, but where Gentilitie is not alonelie -spotted, but in a manner couered and debased alreadie with vnhonestie, -and men hold it for a _Maxime_ to shrowd their lauish and euer emptied -expence, by whatsoeuer kinde of lucre, bee it neuer so filthie, it is -not necessarie that repose bee in such place stablished, least the -vntimelie rooting thereof, doe make men banne their winnings, and -lament the bitternesse of their losse, when too late they are out of -hope, for euer to haue the same recouered. - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._] - -It seemeth Maister L. by the continuance of your Letter, that the -censure of my former direction, you haue passed ouer very sleightlie, -conceiuing that by a number of od speeches (which in maner of a racket -you haue vsed, to tosse my coniectures as tennis balles, being at your -deeming not much materiall, whether by order of the game you returne -them into the court, or banding them in the aire, suffer them to flie -at all aduentures) you do yet suppose to haue wrought a masterie, and -of whatsoeuer to bee saide agaynst you, to haue discharged your selfe -verie soundlie. You must thinke M. L. I am no babie, neither do you -deale with such a one, that notwithstanding in a plaine and honest -vsage hee accordeth to all simplicitie, is yet of so meane conceyte -but hee is able to vent your vttermost actions, deale you in the -handling of the same neuer so cunningly. - -[Sidenote: _Commoratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Confutatiō._] - -The maner of your vsage, being peraduēture deliuered in some place -where you were lesse knowne, might make a flourish for your credit, -and for the present, in one sort or other auaile you, but vnto me it -is but matter to smile at, and occasion (to deale plainlie with you) -the more to mislike you, who not contenting your selfe to haue dealte -more vnfriendlie then befitteth, haue determined belike in your reasons -to make me beleeue, that I haue offered you the iniurie, and when you -haue stung mee to the quicke, perswade me that the violence of the -mischiefe lighted vpon your owne body. But the course herein you take, -is too far wide from the censure of any honest opinion. What tell you -me you were acquainted before time with the partie, and of I know not -what businesse you had to do, which at the next sight you care not to -shew mee? and then forsooth that the others ability and my suppose must -bee preferred before you, in respecte of your necessitie? with such -other friuolous repetitions without substance or honestie? and after -that some _Robin_ the deuil, or I wot not what spirit of the aire must -besides impossibility be supposed to reueale the accident. What vanity -is this? what matter of reason therein, that as before I might not -assure my selfe of your infidelity? to what end proceedeth al the other -circumstances, vpon what conceipt doe they cleare you? Tush, tush, -deceiue not your selfe, nor thinke you go so couertly but that men of -discretion can and do daily see you. - -Somwhat more thē you think I haue sithence heard how the world -goeth with you, you thought it very much at the beginning I shoulde -expostulate with you, but if I should stir you with this _item_ that I -can tell you where, when, and vpon what expectation you descried mee, -you might thinke I did not then disguize with you. - -I study not to capitulate your iniuries, as confessing my selfe also -not to bee vnburdened with offences: But good I deeme it were M. L. -that by some meanes you tooke notice of your owne infirmities. To -aggrauate the wrong that you haue done me, I list not, and more then -I intended haue I spoken vpon that you haue answered. Being vnwilling -to toile my selfe, or trouble your conceiptes any further, I herewith -conclude, - -_More sorie of your ill condition, then of the abuse you haue done me._ - - - _A second answere by the like reasons of - the replie, in further defence of - the partie._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Paræmia._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -As auncientlie it hath beene accustomed (as in the prouerbe by you -alleadged) _Better it were for some to steale a horse, then for others -to looke on_. It is an easie matter to find a staffe to beate a dog, -and to him that list to haue a bad conceipt, what honest excuse may be -alleadged that can drawe him from it. Men that are opinionatiue, doe -not for the most part measure thinges as they are, but commonlie as -their mind leadeth them, and generally to speake of many thinges that -in particular are vnnumbred, what the cōceipt giueth in certainty to -be adiudged, there is with diuers persons no question of good and bad -afterwardes to be opposed. Among friends sundry occasions do happen -that meerely for themselues are to bee supported, the least of which -happening among strangers, would not without great discontentment be -carried. - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -It is giuen to some to beare much, because they seeme to bee borne to -it, and to laie their shoulders vnder euerie loade, because they are -inured vnto it: yet all that carie loades are not Asses, not euerie -one that supporteth a burden is forthwith a pack-horse. I knowe wel -M. A. you are no babie, nor I thinke you do suppose me so sencelesse -as to be a foole. I vse no rackets to your reasons, as vniustlie you -conceiue of me, nor would I haue you imagine that bicause you think ill -of me I must needs be guilty. I tell you againe as I told you before, -you highly doe wrong me. And in this one more then any other, you most -vnfriendly do abuse me. Why do you so oftē inculcate vnto me, what -other haue reported, and some say they haue seene in me? It is the -truth I stand vpon, & not the malice of any one whatsoeuer, that so -vilely misdeemeth me. - -It is not my custome to winke at all thinges as I doe vnto you, so -indifferently, but yet would I haue you conceiue howe much the iniury -toucheth me. You argue against mee that it is not inough that I say it -is not so, so say I vnto you, that you ought not to charge mee without -you can proue it so. Because there resteth some matter wherby I am in -good condition tyed vnto you, it is not seemely for your credit, nor -fit for the honesty wherof you make profession, to lade me any whit the -more with iniury. Make what large collection you list of my present -state and necessity, I tell you, I deeme my selfe the same man that I -was in greater prosperity. - -My request is for the surcease of all this iarre, your opinion maie -stande as you list, but giue mee conuenient time and accesse to cleare -mee. To vrge me as you doe, maie but breede that which to neither of -vs may returne pleasing, and which in the end I knowe will be to you -most discontenting. It were good that with lesse resolution you did -sway your opinions, so might you with smaller difficulty decerne, what -with facility in fine you will of your selfe condiscend vnto. My selfe -being as loth to disturbe you, as your self seeme wearied with the -former toile doe herewith set my limits, who worse conceipted of your -light beliefe then of the wrong you haue done me, do not withstanding -continue, - - _Desirous of your reformed imagination_, &c. - -=Now after these double thwartinges on either part receiued in -expostulating this iniury, (the like whereof by writing is sundrie -times occasioned, and remaineth in this place onlie for varietie, to -make shew how by well handeling, matters may on both sides be equally -enforced or weakned) I will sort you forth two or three seuerall -examples more, because of the necessary and often occurrence of this -title, daily being accustomed in our writing. The first whereof shall -be for matter of vnkindnesse: The second for breach of promise: The -thirde from a meane Gentleman to a personage of great honour, wherby in -cause of betternesse shall be exampled how iniuries may be expostulated -or complained of, and these in sequence shall followe by their -examples.= - - - _An example of an Epistle Expostulatory touching - vnkindnesse receiued._ - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -Maister G. I haue great maruell that remaining hitherto in town as -you do, we can by no possibility heare of your being, but by such -iangling messengers as you make currors for spite, whereby to abuse -your friendes. In which the discurtesie is far more by the vnbeseeming -courses & dealings therein vsed, then fitteth either your honestie or -our friendship to be tolerated. I doubted not ere this time how apt -you were to conceiue (euen for a verie toie) in the worst degree that -might bee, of any one that behaueth himselfe neuer so well vnto you, -so ticklish are your humours, and so vnsteady your censures. And which -is worst, it cannot with you rest in imagination alone, but in such -odde kinde of reportes, and to such base persons you deliuer it, as -it verelie seemeth, you little recke what discredit you offer a man -in the same, the least whereof would make you storme to the gall, if -a man should but ouerslip himselfe in giuing any manner of sound of -you, tending to such effect as you proffer. Good God sir, are you and -I of late become such straungers together, as that neither writing -nor request may serue to haue accesse to your presence. Trust mee I -am vnused to these deuises, nor fit they at all vnto my appetite. -Either something or no body to me, but vnto such as more recke of your -coynesse then I doe, you may be as you will, or as their fortunes -may beare with you. For my part I am too vnapt to weld any such -insupportable amity. If you can vse me as your vpright, honest, and -well meaning friend, I am vnto you as firme as you woulde wish me, -otherwise to encounter so many diuersities, of vnfrequented fancies, -toyes, or mislikes, it aunswereth in no point vnto my propertie, which -hauing thought good of meere well wishing to signifie vnto you by -present writing, I leaue you to your best opinion, this of &c. - - _Yours in all good sort to be entertained, &c._ - - - _An example of an Epistle expostulatory for - breach of promise._ - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -Master K. I haue abstayned hitherto to come or sende vnto you, partly -weried with importunity, for that I thought two moneths being now -passed, I might in this space haue found a season conuenient, wherein -to haue ended with you. Hauing taken this cause in hand, I woulde (as -in good reason it seemeth fit) you should determine with me vpon some -conclusion, wheron resting assured, I might thenceforth know wherunto -to trust, & neither waste labour in comming to so small purpose, nor -hinder my certaine busines by the vnsteadie stay of your affaires, -as alreadie I haue done. We haue talked manie times, and set downe -certaine limits, marie to so slender effect, as I neither know when to -demaund, nor you howe to satisfie. So that depending vpon shadowes, I -haue passed my time with small benefite, and you haue gone forward to -little purpose. I doe pray you therefore that hence-foorth such honest -meaning maie assure vs, as alreadie betweene vs hath on either part -beene performed, To delaie me thus with nifles, as I thinke it farre -from a Gentleman, so do I suppose you not intend it, considering how -many wayes thereby, I am and shall be hindred. This therfore may be the -certaine meane to satisfie vs both, that you will (as on Friday last -you promised) come and see the agreement betweene vs performed, whereof -I pray you aduertise your full resolution by this bearer. And so I bid -you heartily fare well, &c. - - - _An example of an Epistle Expostulatorie from an inferiour Gentleman - to his farre better in degree, authoritie and calling._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -Right Honourable, though by the custome and common policie of this -vnhappie worlde, I am better warranted with a personage of your -greatnesse, to dissemble, then to deale plainlie, yet because I -finde as well by Gods owne worde, as by the euent of mens practises, -that such customes are neither pleasing to his Maiestie, nor alwayes -profitable to such as vse them, I haue aduentured to manifest that by -paper, which by words (albeit many times desirous) I neur had heart to -vtter. - -[Sidenote: _Propositiō._] - -My purpose is to be plaine, and in honest and dutifull sort to -expostulate with your L. wherein I finde my selfe greeued, and -vpon what ground this my complaint is framed. I therfore most -humblie beseech your L. for Gods sake and your owne, to pardon this -presumption, and to admit me fauourable and indifferent construction, -of what I shall here vnfolde vnto you by writing. - -I exclaime of wrong passed, I vrge my miserie present, and I complaine -of you to your selfe, and so doe make you iudge of all that shall be -hereafter enformed. - -Your L. did once knowe, and hath still some cause to remember, that of -all such lande and liuings as my father at his death was possessed, -one onelie poore farme fall to my share. - -I my selfe doe knowe, and shall neuer easilie forget, that after -the same was thrust into my handes, I neuer inioyed it without much -vnquietnesse, quarrell and vexation, nor without the continuall malice -and molestation of my vnnaturall Vncle, and such his associates, as by -setting him on, vnderhande, did afterwardes finde meanes to fasten in -the same. - -This poore liuing (once in maner lost, afterwards recouered, and yet -still fearefullie kept, the rather by meane of a newe trouble, moued -vnto me by maister B.) I was in fine driuen to offer for a little, but -to sell for lesse. Now here begins my iust cause of complaint. For vpon -firme hope of your L. fauour towards me, and that you would according -to your honourable promises haue done me an expected good: I was -content to yeeld my interest for eleuen hundred and three score pounds, -where sixteene hundred pounds had beene before offered by my kinsman, -and so I then told you. - -This offer of mine, your L. for the time accepted, yeelding with some -difficultie to paie the odde eight score poundes, where I ought it. -Howe be it afterwardes, hauing gotten the Lease into your hands, and -beeing possessed of the bargaine, and none nowe daring to take the same -from you, you quarrelled with the Lease as before you had done with the -title, and made mee a fresh abatement of the odde eight score poundes, -affirming it to bee no part of your charge to paie my debts. - -To salue this mischiefe, and to saue my eight score poundes (your -Lordship hauing reported the former bargaine to your most aduauntage) -I laboured without auaile, to helpe your memorie therein. Protesting -(and that most trulie) that vpon mine earnest and humble petition vnto -your L. to leaue mee woorth a thousand pounds, and to paie my debts, -and in regarde also of the great abatement of what I might haue had -else where, your Lordshippe had condiscended in the former conference -to discharge the same. And thereupon willed me, at my next returne to -bring a note of my debts, with the names of my creditors. - -This tale I well remember with more trueth then good successe vttred -(speciallie the often touch of what my kinsman had offered me) did -greatlie mislike you. Whereupon growing in heate (yet with some regard -of honour) you swore that if anie other bought the same at my handes -then your selfe, you would haue it for lesse then fiue hundred pounds, -yea, for nothing, or else it should go hard. Marie keeping it my selfe, -you said you would stand my friend: which hote or colde conclusion, I -protest did so appale, as with feare of further losse, with griefe and -discontentment I grewe sicke, and thereupon resolued to take what you -would giue me. - -Your Lordship hauing thus, what with countenaunce and choler dismayed -mee, and finding by such peremptorinesse my sense to bee ouercome, -you ranne on still with this wresting course, and vpon authoritie -without cause or colour, cut me yet thirtie pound shorter. So as in -place of one thousand sixe hundred pound offered mee by my kinsman in -the Countrey, your Lordship gaue mee nine hundred and seuentie pound, -leauing me out of this to pay a hundred and sixtie pound debt. - -By these meanes (right Honourable) was I then halfe impouerished, and -am now altogither vndone, hauing neither skill to vse that little -you gaue, nor will to raise my selfe after my fall, which I thought -impossible. - -It was a wholsome caueat giuen mee by your Lordship, and a full -resolution put downe by my selfe, rather to stoope and to liue somwhat -sparing, then by anie prodigalitie to impaire my stock: but being -neither Marchant, Artizan, Broker, nor Vsurer, nor hauing among manie -debtors, scarce one good payer, I coulde hardly frame to doe what -was aduised me, or be so much mine owne friend, as at first I had -determined. - -My state then brought thus lowe, my friends decayed and dead, my liuing -sold for little, and the money spent, I resolued and stil doe with the -rest to leaue my Countrey, as well to couer my want from mine enemies, -as to seuer my selfe from so vnfortunate acquaintance. - -Find time therefore I beseech your honour, before my going to examine -these particulars, they containe I protest nothing but matter of truth. -It is a high vertue and most commendable in a man of your state, to -right your inferiour against your selfe, by this shall you winne him -vnfainedlie to loue you, who now vpon iust cause can do no lesse, then -thinke himselfe wronged by you. - -And so my good L. this bill exibited into your chamber, not into any -court, deliuered to your owne handes, and to no man els, I leaue to -your honourable and best consideration, humblie once againe beseeching -your L. to suspend your hardest conceit against mee, for expostulating -my griefs, in repect my plainnes herein, passeth not without truth, nor -any wrong enforced, but vpon iust occasion. - - - - - _Of Epistles Exprobratorie. Chap. 4._ - - -=From matter |Expostulatorie|, wee will nowe turne our selues to the -next title beeing |Exprobratorie|, vnder which is contained cause -indeede of vehement and grieuous disdaine: chieflie touching offences -that impugne a contrarie and laudable merite and desert. For which, -howbeit in all ciuill vsages it be accounted vndecent, vncourteous, -and vnbeséeming anie gentle condition, to reproch a man in time of -mislike, with good offices or turnes, that before he hath receiued. So -when contrarie to the honest affection vnto him bountifully tendred, -a man shall either vngratefully refuse to recognize the same goodnes, -or impudentlie, vnciuilly, or inhumainly go about to reward euil for -good, and to enforce a most vniust vexation, where himselfe hath -receyued most comfort. In such cases to vse this _Exprobratory_ maner -of writing, to signifie vnto yᵉ party so forgetfull of gentlenes, both -what he hath receiued, and howe much he was charged by all waies, -limits and means that may be enforced, of humanitie, pietie, or -gentlenes, it shall not be amisse, and to such ende & no other is this -|Exprobratorie| kind of Epistles to be vsed: Of which, some certaine -examples are in this place to be deliuered.= - - - _An example of an epistle Exprobratorie touching ingra- - titude receiued._ - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Synathrismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Commoratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Liptote._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -I doe not maruell at your woonted and sundrie delayes in aunswering my -requestes, nor that you breake so manie promises with your friendes -for the gratifying of their courtesies: In that beeing thinges by -nature annexed as they are to so seruile a condition, they seeme (as -remedilesse) in all discreet iudgementes to bee borne withall. But that -I wonder at, is, howe my selfe (knowing as I doe, and hauing so often -tasted of that contemptible and harde disposition of yours towardes -mee) should yet be so assotted, as to straine my friendes, to spende my -money, exercise my wits, yeelde my trauell, bende my care, and passe -my credite, to relieue, vpholde, nourish and maintaine such a one, in -bringing him from nought to ought, from the dunghill to the court, from -woe to wealth, as hath neither honestie to regarde me, wit to vse me, -will to requite me, ciuilitie to respect mee, good nature to thanke -me, nor any one sparke of endeuour whereby so much in good seeming to -behaue himselfe towards me. Many occasions haue beene giuen mee before -time by some other misprizers of my curtesie, but you of all others -haue exceeded and do passe them all in vnhonestie. That I shoulde bee -occasioned thus to reproch you as I doe, is iwis vnto me no great -contentment, but that at my handes who alwaies haue so manifoldlie -deserued of you, you should so far forth challenge to be reproched, -that certainly is it whereof you ought most to bee ashamed. Howe many -wayes you haue wronged me, and howe little cause hereafter I haue to -entermedle or haue to doe with you, hauing so ingratefully, nay rather -inhumanelie dealt with me, let the world iudge betweene you and me. Had -I tried you in much, or in one halfe of that whereby in very dutie you -are charged vnto me, it had beene somewhat to haue denied me: But in a -matter so slender, so small valued, and but a trifle, to delay me, to -stande with mee, to breake promise with mee, and which is worst of all, -most vnciuillie therewith to bearde me, that of all others is the most -detested that may bee. Sorie I am, not that I haue knowne you, for the -knowledge shall keepe mee from you, but that in nourishing of you, I -forgot my selfe so much, as I coulde neuer till this present perceiue -nor looke after you. Fare as you will for me, who euer hereafter desire -neither to know nor see you. From B. this of, &c. - - - _An Epistle exprobatory, more largely exampled._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Hyperbole._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -Albeit vnto a gentle minde there is nothing lesse proper, then a -reproching of benefittes: nor any thing more contrarying, then to bee -touched with discurtesies: yet respecting the weight of the manifold -wrongs done vnto me, & most iniurious deuises, wherein thou hast -contrary to all lawes of nature, vertue, or honestie, gone about to -abuse mee, rewarding not euill, but worse then mischiefe it selfe, -for good, and doing that which all men hate, and the most discreet -doe abhorre in requitall of that which I chieflie deserued of thee, I -hold my selfe neither to be touched in gentlenes, nor deemed at all -in discurtesie, if to such a Camelion I giue his due colours, of so -vile a viper doe bewray the feature, to so ingratefull a wretch doe -blaze forth his picture, and of so vglie a beast do yeeld his due -portraiture, to the ende that at least it may appeare vnto thy selfe, -howe vnlike to that thou hast euer seemed vnto me, I haue nowe found -thee, and how contrarying to that my selfe haue manifoldly bounde thee, -thou hast now shewed thy selfe vnto me. - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Brachiologa._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthipophora._] - -To the opening whereof let mee call to remembraunce that beeing here -a great while sithence a straunger, spoiled of that thou haddest, -laden with sicknesse, pursued of thy foes, burdensome to thy friends, -subiect to a number of casualties, of death, pouertie, hatred, penurie, -griefe, trouble, and want, I tooke thee, I kept thee, I relieued thee, -I prouided for thee, and that at such time as when forsaken of all -others, thou wast onely compassed with extremitie, had not this one -curtesie, nay rather vnaccustomed kindnes, beene sufficient alone, -wherewith to haue bound thee? Questionlesse it had, rested there at al -any sparke of good condition within thee, yet had this been all that I -had done for thee, happilie could I then haue contented my selfe, and -haue thought that thou haddest therein alone dealt but ingratefullie. - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Commoratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Aporia._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradoxon._] - -[Sidenote: _Hyperbole._] - -Abhorrest thou not in the perusing hereof to thinke howe thou hast -vsed mee? Well knowest thou that on this hie point of curtesie, I -stucke not alone with thee, for after a recouery by my meanes had, and -restitutions of thine estate, vnto thy wonted possessions, health, -freedome and libertie, I not only so setled thee, but beeing haled thy -selfe (as it were) out of the Lions iawes, I made thine aduersaries a -praie vnto thee, I fauored thee, I loued thee, I esteemed thee when -none would regard thee, when all men despised thee. Were not these -benefits sufficient, to haue yoked any good or honest disposition vnto -me? What Viper may I then terme thee? what monster or hellish imp -that not onely hast not vouchsafed so much as to requite, but scornest -in apparance so much as to beare a good opinion towardes me? Is it -possible that man than a Serpent, or than the very Crocodile it selfe -should become more malicious, yet hast thou in far greater quantitie -then these contained thy venome, the Hydra was not answerable vnto thy -propertie, the very Sauages themselues could not equall thee, thou art -infine beyond all, and there are none beyond thee, for both men and -beasts do abhor thy treachery. - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: _Pleonasmus._] - -[Sidenote: _Polyptoton._] - -What then auaileth that of such a one I haue merited so highlie? -Whereto serueth it to haue extended on him so greate and vnused bounty? -The dog fawneth by kinde where he is loued, the Tyger by gentlenes -is from his cruelty disturned, the Lion wil not suffer a kindnes -vnregarded. But thou (hatefull of all others) degenerating from all -nature both of men and beasts weighest not of friendship, reiectest -fauors, hatest all gentlenes, regardest no kindnes, contemnest merits, -and kindlesse of all kinds, or rather sequestred from any kinde, giuest -thy selfe to rewarde the best deseruinges, with vnauoidable and most -destestable villanies. - -[Sidenote: _Epizeuxis._] - -[Sidenote: _Anaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -Had I not too much deserued as I haue done at thy handes, it might in -some sort haue sufficed me. Had I by any known or pretended euill, -euer pursued thee, had I meant at any time badly vnto thee, it might -yet haue cōtented me, that forgetfull of al that before passed, thou -shouldest in this hatefull manner haue dealt with mee. But hauing onely -heaped on thy head a multitude of fauors, receiued thee as I haue -done with so sundrie curtesies, imbraced thee as thou knowest with -infinite contentmentes, deliuered thee from death, and verie hellish -tormentors, what kindnesse could be more, or what merite so ample? -And contrariwise, what requitall so slender, what acknowledgement so -bad, or what recompence so euill, then wherewith besides all course of -iustice and equitie thou hast most vnnaturally acquited me? One only -comfort resteth, that of all honest minds thou art hated deseruedly, -and out of all gentle company art excluded perpetually, wherin hauing -the only solace vnto my grieued conceits, that for the present may be -acquired, I liue in hope to see thee once againe to haue neede of mee, -when according to thy demerits I shall thinke of thee, and in the meane -while esteeme of thy fashions, as thou hast giuen me cause to accompt -of them. - - - - - Of Letters inuectiue. - _Chap. 5._ - - -=To these |Exprobratorie| epistles, doth next follow the title -|inuectiue|. A sharpe and bitter inueighing against the person, déedes, -or behauiours of men, occupied altogether in condemning, disabling, and -wresting, whatsoeuer maie bee collected to the reproofe, diminution, -or impugning of anie one, and that by all maner of quips, tauntes, -reproches, blames, imputations, or designmentes that maie bee of -euils. And yet this not by a disordered, malicious or railing humour, -vniustlie and without great and forcible cause to be pursued, but by a -learned, discreete, lawfull, or reasonable toleration to be followed, -which in all maner of directions is principallie to be required. The -conueiance is as full of Art as anie others, that heretofore haue -beene exampled vnto you, and as well for rife and quicke inuention, -as orderlie disposition, enforcementes, and neate deliuerie, hath his -speciall commendation.= - - - _An example of an Epistle Inuectiue of a father - against his sonne._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Liptote._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -The sight of your letters, and message receiued by your seruant haue -(good Coosen) bred to mee in perusing and harkening vnto the same, -no small matter of disquiet, not that your letters or messages for -themselues are, or haue beene at anie time ill welcome to my hands, -but in respect of him for whom they come, whom in truth I neuer recke -if I heare of, so filled haue I beene long since with the euils by him -committed. I am nothing ignorant that of loue and meere good will you -beare to mee and mine, you framed your speeches vnto me, which with how -much tediousnes I haue considered of, and with what willingnes I could -haue omitted to answere them, no one can so wel giue testimony, as the -burthen of mine owne sorrow beareth witnes vnto me. - -[Sidenote: _Apostrophe._] - -[Sidenote: _Noema._] - -[Sidenote: _Liptote._] - -But for that I see you are ill conceyted at my heauinesse, and of your -owne good nature woulde gladlye finde meane to recouer that vnto mee, -which my selfe am out of hope for euer to compasse, I am content, -though ill pleasing to my remembraunce, and the rather also that by the -extremitie of the euilles your owne minde maie bee disswaded from anie -further dealing in the cause, to shewe vnto you the good conditions of -him you sue for, what manner a sonne hee hath alwayes beene vnto mee, -what reason thereby I haue to commaunde him from mee, and howe farre -wide you are, that in such sort as you declare, doe conceiue both of -him, and of mee. - -[Sidenote: _Paralepsis_] - -I neede not repeate heere vnto you, with what fatherlie care I haue -brought him vppe to mannes estate, by what prouident foresight, I -sought both with maintenaunce and conuenient place of credite, to -continue him as a Gentleman, howe vnwilling I was to enter into the -search of euerie small offence, but attributing the force thereof -to his tyme of youth, was content to winke at that manie times, -the sufferaunce whereof I doubted would turne to the ruine that it -presentlie carrieth. I will but giue you an instaunce of the same, to -the intent that as you shall knowe thereof, so may you in reuoluing the -rest, consider the better howe vnkindlie, yea, more then vnnaturallye I -maie saie, hee hath rewarded me, and therewith will come to the present -estate wherein he now remaineth. - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Commoratio_.] - -It is I iudge about three yeares sithence, to the intent to retaine -him in some good order of life, I placed him with a right godlie and -worshipfull Knight, Sir H. D. who for my sake both loued him, and I -knowe tooke paines to the vttermost to reforme him, before that time -I had placed him in an Inne of Courte, where with expences sufficient -I kept him. In both of these places hee brought mee more then I will -rehearse indebted, ranne himselfe on the rockes, durst not besides -(for that priuilie hee had taken vp) to shewe his head. Complaints -were infinite against him, this man could not bee in quiet for him, -that mans seruant hee misused, this partie hee deceyued, that other -hee highlie wronged: what coulde I doe vnto these thinges, but as one -desirous to reclaime him whom he knewe to be his owne (though with a -resolute vow neuer to deale with him,) I then had cast him off, yet -by intreatie of his friends, and his earnest submission I receiued him -againe. Sithence which too much it is to be reuealed, how stubbornlie -euen in mine owne house, how iniuriously among mine owne people, he -hath behaued himselfe, by reason whereof as compelled for the quiet -of mine owne familie, I appoynted him to goe from hence into S. there -to remaine with his Vncle. And because it was against a Christmasse, -and that I woulde not dismisse him vnfurnished of that belonged vnto -a Gentleman, (besides that, with a couple of good Geldings I horsed -him and his man, and suted him of apparell, and what other needfull -necessaries) I deliuered him twentie pounds in his purse. Hee was no -sooner gone to D. beeing not past twentie myles from my house, but the -verie same night hee loste all his money at dice, pawned his horses for -twentie Nobles, and was faine of an honest friend of mine to borrow -tenne poundes for his expences, and to redeeme his Geldings, one of my -poore Tenants there refusing to supplie his wantes, hee fowlie beate, -and if companie had not come in to the rescue, had like to haue slaine -him. - -Nay, what hath hee done more, but knowing that these his ill demeanours -comming once to mine eares, I woulde neuer after repute of him, hee -hath confederated with a wicked rascall that once was his man, who -beeing the verye same night in his companie, the next day after came to -my house and robbed me. - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Prolepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosopopœia._] - -Are not these impieties (thinke you) verie straunge? What Nature is -in such a sonne, nay, where in him are those district lawes of Nature -become, that commonlie enforceth in all other children, an awfull -loue and reuerent regarde vnto their parents? Where is the feare of -diuine and humane lawes, the one threatning a sharpe scourge for such -vndutifulnesse, and the other punishing by penall forfeytures and -imprisonments, the manner of such detestable and disordered loosenesse. -To what issue is the auncient right and laudable custome of our -forefathers alreadie runne, that whilome by seuere directions compelled -the runnagate vsage of their children to a more district imposition and -farre estranged exaction then nowe vsed, of a most rare and singular -obedience? Why is the common intendment earst in our predecessours -tymes, of lawfull and good so accustomablie vsed, thus quite forworne, -and in these our seasons (filled with all kind of carelesnes) so far -forth disgraced? who is he that now recketh farther then his owne -fantasie, or what sonne wil for any zeale or dutie once seeke to repell -his owne appetite? Whither are ye gone yee iust and seuere iudges, by -whose sentence and opinion definitiue sharpe and bitter tortures were -laid downe vnto them, that durst presume by any outward shewe in the -world, but once so much as to countermaund the authoritie of their -fathers? - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Aporia._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Orismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -O times more iniurious then euill it selfe, by whose onely sufferance, -mischiefe spreadeth her selfe so highly as it doth, into such manifold -branches. What would you haue me to say in these things? thinke you -not that I haue alreadie receiued discontentment inough at such -a ones hande? or would you wish me againe by returning him home -weetinglie, to sucke vp mine owne misfortune, and by nourishing an -expugnable wickednesse, to see a demonstration of mine owne sorrowe and -destruction daylie before mine eyes? No, no, coosin, I haue (I hope) -taken order sufficient for these thinges, his presence I am resolued -shal no more disquiet mee, by hearing or remembrance of him, if no -friend of mine doe otherwise vexe mee, for needes a vexation must it -bee, be it but the least suppose, to conceiue that I haue yet remayning -vnto mee such a sonne. Take heede (good Coosen) that as hee hath -deceyued a great manie others, but mee of all others most especiallie, -he also doe not deceyue you. Driue him quicklie from your presence, and -thinke that a greater plague can you not receyue into your familie, -then a person so vile, and of all others demeaned so wickedlie. This -is all that I can delyuer you of my present opinion, but not the least -of a thousande other accidents occasioning the same. Whereon I am -determined fullie to repose my selfe. Sending in the meane time my -heartiest commendations and earnest thankes for the indifferent care -had of my being both to you and your bedfellow, this of, &c. - - - _An answere purgatorie of the sonne touching matters Inuectiue - of the former Epistle._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -Were it not sir that my presence might more offend you then I wish, -or by anie action of mine owne, woulde willinglie deserue, I had -(emboldened by the equitie and right of my cause) in all humble -reuerence and dutie, tendered my self vnto you, but vnderstanding howe -greatly the malice of mine auncient enemies haue preuailed towards mee, -and that without the verie pietie of your selfe, and equall regarde -had to the due information of my cause, there is no place of fauour -left vnto me, I choose as the meetest to abandon for a while the -yeelding vnto you (by my accesse) of anie such annoyance, and in the -meane time, to frame these humble lines, pacifiers of your more then -ordinarie discontentments, that as true aduertisers of the course of -that wherwith I am charged, they may plead pardon of your protested -mislike, and winne vnto me (as I hope) that intertainment againe, from -which hitherto by the vndeserued proceedings of mine aduersaries, I -haue iniuriouslie beene detained. - -[Sidenote: _Insinuatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Paresia._] - -And albeit there is no reason whie, in the measure of all your actions, -I shoulde or ought to deeme, that you doe, or enterprise anie thing -vnaduisedlie: yet for so much as the secret sting of malice is such, -as is able to penetrate the wisest, and that where much is feared, the -least matter inducing thereunto is made occasion to question of, I doe -in as lowlie manner as I maie, beseech that but with indifferencie you -will see howe and in what sort I am wronged, and giuing credite to what -hereby in mine owne defence alledged, you will censure the rest, as to -the respect of your fatherlie pietie appertaineth. - -[Sidenote: _Propositiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Anaphora._] - -The weight of that, for which as I vnderstande you are agreeued agaynst -mee, is that heretofore you haue had suggested vnto you that I am -verie vnthriftie, that I keepe lewde companie, that I consume all at -dice, that I am a quarreller, and lastlie, that you surmize you were -robbed by meane of mee, or by my assent, all which to confirme, mine -aduersaries seeme to haue gathered vppon me great aduantage, in that -notwithstanding, beeing often forewarned the contrarie, I sithence fell -into companie, played at dice, brake a mans head, and that my man that -robbed you, was the night before in my companie. - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: _Paramologia._] - -Much more euill commonlie carrieth the reporter, in deliuering an ill -suppose of a reasonable conceyted matter, then oftentimes dooth the -action it selfe, in the most woorst degree of truth that can bee, -beeing equallie considered of, for example, was it euer helde a thing -insufferable for a Gentleman to frequent companie or to plaie at dice? -May it not sometimes be iustifiable to breake a mans heade? is it a -matter of preiudice that hee who once did mee seruice was seene in my -company? Your selfe, sir, I knowe wil aunswere for me to all these, No. -Then will not I, not only not deny but I did all these, but by your -fauour, iustifie to their faces, that honestlie, lawfullie, without -offence against you, or reasonable mislike of anie other, I haue and -might againe at any time enter into the like vsage of all or any of -these, as at that time I did, when they so complained of me. - -[Sidenote: _Commoratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonomia._] - -[Sidenote: _Epiphonema._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -The company whereof I am accused were such onely and none other as -I found in mine Inne, gentlemen ech to you wel known and of all men -generallie well reputed, the plaie that I vsed was with them, the -set by agreement not great, concluded vpon more to passe time, then -whereof to make gaine. Hereunto commeth a bad fellowe out of the town -accompanied with one of your tenaunts, who looking on a good while, -craued at last hee might set, which being granted, a cast fell between -him and me of a nūber to be decided, for his opinion he dared me a -good time with twenty Nobles to my geldings, I accepted the wager, the -boorde went with mee, your tenant excepted, who against all others -stood against me, and hauing this wager in his custody would not -deliuer it me. Words by such meanes multiplied, and they both arose -against mee, whereupon forced to some impatience, my hand made way to -my right, wherewith I quailed their resistance. Lo now sir, the matter -thus highly framed against me, lo here the losse, the pawning, the -borrowing of money, and what killing and slaying against mee reported. -See here I beseech you the vnthriftines, the misrule, the il company, -and what else that malice could any waies deuise to ouerthrow me. - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -And yet if but truely in their verie supposes they shoulde haue dealte -with me, what conceipt could they then haue found in all this to obiect -against me? Is it not a thing ordinary among Gentlemen when they -meete together to solace themselues with some one or other reasonable -pastime, in allowance whereof, no one is ordered by himselfe, but by -common liking of the rest? Is it not a thing naturall to man, after -wearisome trauels to vse vnto his minde some honest recreation? Is -it not accordant to ciuilitie to entertaine times and occasions? -Affoorded you not therefore the money you gaue mee, in companie well -reputed, and in their honest exercises, moderatelie to maintaine -mee? Agreeth not hereunto your onelie dailie conuersation, your -entertainments, your continuall vse of companie applied in your owne -behauiors, and in others commended before me? - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Paramologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Epanodis._] - -What then may bee saide to condemne me? the common name (perchaunce) -of the plaie, carying with it a continuall surmize of inconuenience? -I need not here lay vnto your wisdome for my defence, that as well -therein, as in all other demeanors, there is _vse_ which is allowed, -and _abuse_, that in it selfe is insufferable. To commende the moderate -vse hereof, I can induce nothing more then _custome_, and for the -choise of the best obseruation, the company must cleare mee. Nowe in -auoiding the enormities, the charge (if I misconceiue not) you gaue -me, extended to the fellowship of the worst, in whose societie nothing -is so common as ill vsage, and in whose pleasures, no one thing so -ordinarie as vnthriftinesse, each of which occasioning that euill which -I seeke to shunne, hath beene herein so far exempted, as I protest -there resteth in veritie, no suspicion at all wherewith I may be -charged. - -[Sidenote: _Apostrophe._] - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Polyptoton._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -But if nowe sir, you will reason of your tenauntes hurte, what therein -may bee obiected that shall not euery waie further mee: who is hee -that by nature could bee so restrained, but by the verie instinct -thereof, hee will rather kill if neede bee, then stande to be killed? -Hath not the Soueraigne mother of all our earthlie beeing, armed euen -the verie Beastes themselues to their owne defence? hath not the Lyon -his clawes, the Bull his hornes, the Dogge his teeth, and the Boare -his tuskes? Doe not the worthiest sort of mankinde also contemne to be -misprized, and naturallie couet where they bee enforced, immediatlie -to be reuenged? Allotteth not the lawe vnto euerie man his right? Was -it not by Conuention agreed, that the winner shoulde haue the wager? -And did not the vniuersall sentence of the whole boord, adiudge it -to me? What resteth any waies then to bee alleadged whereby in this -action to accuse mee? Nay rather what is vnleft herein to condemne him, -that being your tenaunt, hauing his liuing of you and yours, beholding -as hee is to all yours, woulde yet be so vile conceipted against any -of yours, as not with ordinary speeches alone, but with vnfitting -tearmes, with violent force woulde goe about to withstande me, to hurt -mee, yea desperatelie to confederate with another of my life and money -to bereaue me. - -[Sidenote: _Dialysis._] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Expeditiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Dichologia._] - -But nowe to drawe vnto the last parte that toucheth my man, standing -as a coniecture for that hee was in my companie the night before, I -must conspire with him to rob you. Do but cōsider sir I pray you, -what likelihood of truth this beareth: would any one be so mad as -once to harme, or go about to hurt the possessions that in right is -to no one so much as himselfe? Woulde I euer appeare so vngracious -as to confederate with a stranger, to no benefit but of himselfe, -to rob and spoile my father? Alas, what coulde there be so aduerse -vnto Nature, as should enforce in me so vnkinde a condition? You must -needes Sir (by your fauour) something consider, what one thing or -more might bee in mee occasioning vnto the same, it must either bee -some vehement necessitie (which neuer hapened) constraining mee, some -great extremity (which you know to bee contrary) wherewith by keeping -mee too short of expence or maintenance you might enforce me, a kinde -of wanton prodigality, whereof no worlde can accuse me, ill counsell -whereunto so far forth I neuer could yeelde me, or a most detestable -and vile disposition graffed in my selfe, which no man euer found in -me. These causes as I thinke are the most likest of all others inducing -to those opinions, which howe farre they or any of them haue estranged -my condition, let but the verie consciences of my vtmost aduersaries -indifferently trie: me what if hee were in my company, is not that a -thing that without any suspition at all, might easliest of al others -happen vnto me? I am not weeting of mens thoughts, neither can I -coniecture of any other but their outward demeanors: if he were il, -weigh I pray you, the fault proceedeth not from me. Sory I am that any -such conceipt by any one of mine should so much offend you. - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -[Sidenote: _Dichologia._] - -These things then falling out in such sort as they be, it may please -you sir, henceforth to allowe of this my iust Apology, and by the -selfe same _nature_, _piety_, and _louing condition_, wherewith in all -duty and obedience I seeme firmely charged vnto you, in like sort to -recognize and receiue mee, who notwithstanding I confesse many waies -heretofore, to haue erred, yet heerein in no one point indifferent rest -I rightlie to be challenged. The expectation whereof hath made mee -presume to the recommendation of these letters, attending therwithal -the newes of your good conceipt, and happy returne of this bearer. -From, &c. this, &c. - -=To this defence, we will for the more variety suppose a reply to -be made by the Father, the reasons whereof shall yet also consist -in the selfe same state |absolute|, yeelding thereby a more ample -demonstration of the diuersitie of constructions incident to those -places, and how by the forcible applications of their special -intendmentes, they are, or may be caried to diuers seuerall purposes. -Inasmuch, as like to their present vse in this defence they haue beene -suggested for confirmation and to the clearing of the sonnes faultines, -herein also by the same conueiance they shal be maintained by the -confutation of al his former allegations, the matter whereof, in sort -following may be considered.= - - - _A replie of the father confuting the allegations of the sonne, - and maintaining the causes of the former - inuectiue alleadged._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora_] - -Your wiles (Sirra) and sophisticall expositions of your owne -misdemeanours, with sundrie confirmations therein vsed, whereby to -driue me from the verie suppose of that whereunto no one thing hath -giuen more euident testimony, then the course and progression of your -whole life, are either too newlie forged, to reape at my hands any -sound credite, or the metall so light, as carieth in the weight thereof -verie small substance. in my conceipt to be beleeued. - -[Sidenote: _Insultatiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -Well haue you applied your wits (no doubt) and to especiall good -purpose haue your studies bin framed, that can so cunninglie cōment as -you haue done vpon so bad a text, but withdraw your measure betimes, -and cease this ouerweening, least by continuing your selfe in a fools -paradice, and where al things are naught, supposing nothing to be -amisse, you do (as by your deserts you haue sundry times endeuored -to lose a father) so in the end frame a desperate meane to lose your -selfe, when you may neuer be recouered. - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Parison._] - -[Sidenote: _Synathrismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Orismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonoia._] - -The shame you haue of your mischiefe done, and guiltinesse of your -owne conscience to come in my sight, togither with a knowne mislike -that you haue receiued from mee, either to see or heare from you: you -vse as a cloake, to couer the long pretext you haue made in defence -of your euils, you haue well shewed that paper beareth no other -hue but his owne, and the letters you imprint therupon, carrie but -their proper colour. Though they falsifie a thousande actions, and -bolster vp inumerable lies, it is not seene in their chaunge, but in -a shamefast browe of him that were not past shame, the least of all -these would quickelie bee deciphered. Is it not inough you haue done -badlie touching your selfe, vnkindlie demeaned your selfe towardes your -fathers friendes, vnthriftily consumed your time in some one or other -badde companie, run at randon euerie way to your parents and your owne -infamie, but that also in your behauiours, you will not onelie dare -to denie it, but which is woorse, in your writing seeke to defende -it. It fitteth not that I shoulde vse reasoning, neither meane I to -contend with your cautels, but for fashions sake, or (if so you list) -to beate that to your remembrance, whereof hitherto you abandon the -notice, let me aske you this one question. In all your smooth passage -and flourish made of your companie, their reputation, your ciuilitie, -small play, my allowance, and your construction vpon the same, dooth -it not drawe to this ende, that it was in an Inne, in a place filled -with all vnthriftinesse, in a dicing Chamber, in a spectacle for all -companies? Doth not the verie deliuerance of your owne fact condemne -you, dooth not the verie sequell of his entrance, looking on, and -plaie (whome you tearme to bee a base fellowe) impugne you? Dooth not -your after quarrell and mischiefe done oppose it selfe agaynst you? -What if all the information deliuered vnto mee in particular were not -true? Is not the substaunce true? _Nature_ coueting recreation, is in -him that will bee modestlie gouerned, to be measured as well by time -and place, as by entertainment of companies, _Custome_ carrying with -it selfe anie secrete insimulation of euill, is not to bee followed; -_ciuilitie_ is not _ciuilitie_, when it shall bee repugnant to a right -gouerned modestie: can that be agreeing to _Law_, which in effect is -discordant from anie good order of law? Induce you my allowance, as a -confirmed _sentence_ to your vaine opinions? Why, sirra, frequented I -euer anie such play in Innes? Nay rather did I not euer mislike it, -alwaies spake against it, and in euerie action condemne it? Stood not -my conceit that being in the best part it might be, though young men -stoode neuer so much on their light gaming, and little hinderance, it -was rather an allurements and inurement to vnthriftines then a pastime -of any gentlenes, when it was vsed in a Gentlemans house, which is by -sundrie defences more tollerable, and not in an Inne, the verie publike -intertainer of all kinds of societies. - -[Sidenote: _Synathrismus._] - -At your departing from mee, your iourney laie to S. you were to -trauaile to my friendes house. In respect of the time, my reputation, -your beeing, the place, and the companie, I furnished you with money, -knowing that there, and with such persons, and in their seuerall -pleasures you were to bee conformed to companies: Hereof gaue I euer -allowance, the like whereof haue I deemed meetest for the expence and -societie of anie Gentleman, thither shoulde you haue trauelled, so in -the honest distribution of that allowed for your maintenaunce, you had -both auoyded the present mischiefe, alreadie incurred, and preuented -occasions, wherby manie times they are aduentured. - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -[Sidenote: _Antithesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -It is not inough, not to doe euill, but we ought also to resist the -occasions of euill, what recreation I pray you, after trauell is more -natural then rest? Who more subiect to casualties, then they that -hazarde themselues to most companies? What _custome_ better, then -to vse our Inne for repose, the onelie and sole intent whereunto it -was prepared? Wherein is _ciuilitie_ more commended then in honest -gouernment? What more lawfull for any man then laudablie to beare -himselfe? Your demeanour is tyed to your own behauiour, and not to -anothers inclinations, your actions well disposed, are not offensiue to -what by others pleasures to bee continued: had you vsed the place as it -serued for, who would haue beene discontented? Once it appeareth that -euill is come of it, brawlings arise, men are hurt, slanders ensue, and -infamy doth guerdon it. - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -Touching the latter part of your Letter I say little, till I haue -more deliberatelie of the circumstaunce considered. Some, hoping -more of that you will bee, then I dare intende what you maie bee, -haue manie wayes in this action perswaded mee. Where much hath beene -ouerpassed, it is reason that something at length do beare shew to -haue well deserued. Simplicitie in well doing, is farre more pleasing -then a curious definition of well dooing. When I finde proofe of your -amendement, I shall then wish to see you. Meane while, it shall behooue -you to enter into your selfe, and more circumspectly to consider what -most fittest beseemeth you, wherewith at this present my directions -shall conclude. R. this, &c. - - - _An example of another Epistle Inuectiue, pleasantly written against - the humours and conditions of a vaineglorious person._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Epanodis._] - -[Sidenote: _Liptote._] - -Were the peeuishnes of my conceits correspondent to those vaineglorious -humours of yours, I could before and sithence your exemplified -discourse committed to my view, haue vpon occasion sufficient, deuised -how and wherewith to haue preuented or answered your accustomed cauils. -The first whereof not hauing performed, so could I willinglie also haue -left the latter vndone by determined speech to haue beene accomplished, -were it not that hauing prooued the arrogancie to bee in you, wherewith -vniustly you charge me, I might by my ouerlong silence giue head to -your follies, and whilest by an outragious well liking of your selfe -you become ignorant of your owne mischiefs, you might vse a scope not -necessarie therby more farther to abuse my sufferance, as heretofore -you haue done a great many others by their common negligence. - -[Sidenote: _Ironia._] - -For auoyding whereof, I haue (as my leisure would induce mee) thought -good to giue place to mine owne determination, & to serue your humour -so farre forth as to answere your letter, not being stung, as you -fondlie and vainlie imagine, with the venome thereof, nor galled with -the opposed surmises of your munificence, wealth, credite, reputation, -and I know not what besides, all which I do suppose either to be so -skant, as no man can substantiallie discerne them, or otherwise that -you would neuer so often as you do, without a surfeiting follie enduour -to obtrude them. - -[Sidenote: _Omiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Sarcasmus._] - -The policies you vse with mee are nothing straunge, which because -they are nowe growne so stale, bee euerie waie therefore the lesse -currant. Howe like vnto a shamelesse woman, or some other base -conceyted creature, you appeare in your wryting, let but the matter -of your Letter testifie, if because you haue both manlie shape and -countenaunce, you will admitte neither of these similitudes, you must -bee either a childe, or a foole, and so weare a bable, or take a horne -booke at your girdle, and get you to schoole againe. - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Schesis onomatō._] - -[Sidenote: _Ironia._] - -[Sidenote: _Insultatio._] - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Merismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Antiphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Prosonomasia._] - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Charientismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitropis._] - -[Sidenote: _Asteismus._] - -You complaine that I haue done you iniurie, if I haue, why then doe you -not content your selfe to pursue the reuengement thereof, either with -manlike or lawfull extremitie? Whie take you for a refuge these cankred -foolish vpbraidings, womanish encountrings, vnseemlie lyings, and -childish threatnings. If we folow the rule you begin, we must straight -waies bee children, and then I must wrangle why you stole away _Toms_ -bread and butter, and you must threaten if I tell of that, you will -then complaine of mee for eating vp the firmentie that was kept for the -childs breakefast, or how I drunke vp my grandams ale and toste, or -lick bread in the dripping panne, or some such like weightie causes. A -soueraigne capacitie no doubt. Is this manner of dealing deriued I pray -you from your Gentilitie, or had you it by education, or haue you won -it with your wealth, or is it incident to your reputation? Bee these -your incounters? A braue canuisado, indeede, when to deface an honest -minde, you haue shot out all the venome of twentie yeares acquaintance -that you haue stuffed togethers, and all not woorth a butterflie, then -to tell to those that accompanie you, howe brauelie you haue touched -mee, howe with your learned enditing to so manie read and shewed, you -haue quencht mee, howe manie wayes behinde my backe, if you were so ill -disposed you could kill mee, and for default of other matter forsooth, -howe they laughed at mee to whome I haue spoke somewhat against you, -and howe master B. found _Socrates_ in my Letter, and sent to seeke out -your well reputed sconce to expound it, not without the credit of your -owne worshipfoltie to be admitted to the sight hereof: If I should for -carrying this insight, not say you were a great Clearke, your grauitie -I knowe would condemne mee, and it would bee thought in your deeper -studies, that my senses did faile me. But alas sir, what is it that I -woulde denie you? It is not I, well I wot that haue abilitie, or if I -had, woulde presume so far as to impugne you, what wold you more sir? -I am come to your bow, and acknowledge your credit, your worshipful -acquaintance, and all else you haue brought me to. But yet sir, after -all these sporting deuises, hee is but a Nidcote, and that wise man can -tell you, that will glory so much in such fruitles follies. - -[Sidenote: _Metonoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Sarcasmus._] - -But say I tis your vaine glory? No, not so, it is but a Thrasonicall -exercise. There bee that affirme Gentilitie hath no deriuation, where -is neither good nature, honesty, nor friendly condition. But what is -that to you? A man may sit vnder a stall with credit, but to be laid on -a stal, smelleth somwhat of beggership. Go to, I warrant him he is a -proud fellow, and little of good maner knoweth, that so rudely wil dare -to speake of your maistership. - -[Sidenote: _Apostrophe._] - -[Sidenote: _Charientismus._] - -Yet nowe we be in, let vs goe to it by the weeke. In odde sooth I must -tel you plainly, your occupations haue beene too manifolde to thriue by -your honesty. But perchance the terme is quaint, and you will saie this -matter of honesty is besides your profession? Alacke sir, though it be, -you must pardon the writer, it was but a mistake in his penning, by ill -noting your pedegree. - -[Sidenote: _Irmus._] - -[Sidenote: _Asteismus._] - -Tush pedegree, pedegree, here is nothing with you in hande but twitting -with pedegree. Cockes fish, these proude fellowes that haue nothing -to liue vpō to see how malapert they be, if they had ability to take -to as you haue, & wherwithal to beare vp their heads in yᵉ world as -you do, such credit with honorable & worshipfull, who haue multiplied -your praises for noted good parts, apparantly seen to be in you, what -would then become of their doings? Very true sir, but will not this be -sufficient to giue scope to the name of a gentleman? Faith sir, to be -plaine with you, tis but as the wiser sort do hold opinion. - -[Sidenote: _Orismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Omoiteleton._] - -[Sidenote: _Brachiologa._] - -For in our beliefe it is saide, that a great deale better shewe doth -it make to giue but one certaine & true demonstration of a gentleman, -then to yeeld twenty brauados, and neuer come neare the true meaning -of them, railing, lying, backbiting, slaundering, facing, vaunting, -contemning, cogging, menacing, vpbraiding, taunting, and proudlie -defacing other mens actions, desertes, qualities, behauiours, and -vertues, are in right reckoning, in verie trueth but slender partes of -a Gentleman. - -[Sidenote: _Paramologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Meiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -[Sidenote: _Omiosis._] - -[Sidenote: _Apostrophe._] - -[Sidenote: _Synonymia._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Epizeuxis._] - -You wil say, I am too far bewitched to tell you of these things, you -will raile at me, you will storme at me, you will not beleeue me: you -will alleadge I am too different herein from all other opinions, your -acquaintance doe like of you, praise you, and magnifie you, very true -indeede, but they are but a fewe, and such also as doe it, haue intent -but to laugh at you, you are but the anuile whereout they hammer their -pastimes, they vse you but as an instrument to bee pliable to their -turnes. In this as to _Will Sommers_, they yeelde to your rages, they -sooth vp your passions, and cokes vp your humors. But vnto me, to whom -such fashions are loathsome, and in whose cares those base purposes and -surfetting demeanors of yours are most ridiculous and hateful, they are -too intolerable. - -[Sidenote: _Paradigma._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -The Peacoke when hee spreadeth his tayle, is glorious of his beautie, -but stooping downe to his feete, his feathers fall with the selfe sight -immediately. Woulde you but abase your eyes vnto the lower part of your -rising, you might then recognize your original, and seeing the simple -obiect whereout your prosperity hath beene deriued, confesse that tenne -such glorious plumes as you studie to haue aduanced, without they were -better qualified coulde scarse make a shewe beseeming the lowest part -of all that belongeth to a Gentleman. - -[Sidenote: _Epanodis._] - -[Sidenote: _Hysterō proteron._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -For my part it is not the shew you beare, but the pride wherewith you -are caried that despiteth me, the qualities you haue, and not the -malice you vtter, that discontenteth me: whether your opinion stand -good or bad to me, it is not that I accompt of, as beeing such a one -whose censure to my knowledge, neuer stoode in that degree to bee -reckoned of. Onely doubting least ouerswolne with your humours, you -should consume in your follies I haue written that I haue done, leauing -the rest to your own correction, if at least you haue any wit at al -whereby to amend them. - - - _An example of an other Epistle inuectiue, written in - cause of great desert against two - seueral parties._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -I am sorie it falleth vnto my lot among matters more serious, that I -must at this present incomber my pen, and enforce my labours, about so -needlesse a purpose, as to decipher a knaue whome the worlde knoweth -alreadie by his colours, and a companion of his that will shortly -giue proofe of his facultie by his far spreading titles. And yet the -time hath bin when by their shadowes I could set them both to viewe, -and hauing cunningly deciphered them, could laugh at the portraiture, -imagining that there were more heades to carpe at their villanies then -honest meaning to excuse their treacheries. - -[Sidenote: _Sententia._] - -It was not amisse said amongst the wise, that there cā be no friendship -but amongst the good, and yet is society so common amongst men, that -there is not the arrantest varlet in the world but he will find a -companion, & why? because therein is a likelihood, which although it -cannot turne to friendship, yet growing _ex similitudine morum_, I -find no reason but that a coniunction may be of knaues as well as a -separation of honest men sometimes. - -[Sidenote: _Paralepsis._] - -Leauing your yokefellowe M. whome I esteeme so base a fellow as -comming out of the very Cell it selfe of all villanies, smelleth so -strongly of the stench thereof, that he is not worthy to come within -a mile of my paper, nor neare by a thousande Yeardes vnto the worst -parte of my studie, I will speake two or three words vnto you maister -F. which are his aduocate, and as it seemeth his second selfe, nay -rather incorporated in his bowels, and become maklenezed, yea rather -M. himselfe, for he hath taught you to handle his cause so cunninglie, -that he neede not ioine with you to lie for himselfe, for you will lie -for both, and surelie (not thinking you haue it by nature, _absit_) -I iudge it rather yᵉ infection of him who hath so transmuted your -disposition, that to boast, face, scold, and lie, and that without -shame, credite, or honesty, you surpasse as I heare, why M. himself (of -whom you are thought but the shadowe) cannot go beyond you. You haue -deliuered forth in publique speaches, that I and my companions abused -your Client with a false Lease, that we led him by degrees into a -deceiptful marriage, that I wil come with my hat in mine hand to craue -your Clients fauor, that you know me well, and thereupon demaunded -whether I was not once master L. his man, and being answered yea, you -paused, and then said, belike you knew me then. - -[Sidenote: _Sarcasmus._] - -Remembring that you are become a M. (whom alwaies I note for a shameles -liyng knaue) I wonder the lesse at your impudencie, marie if you were -an honest Gentleman, that did rather stande vppon your credit, thē vpon -such base respects to get money, by bolstering whatsoeuer villanies you -care not, I would then saie, _tota erras via_. But not shewing you such -fauour, I must needes tell you in shorte conclusion (You lie.) And so -much the rather because in the deliuerie thereof you make not a matter -of information of it, but rather as it seemeth a thing of your owne -knowledge. - -[Sidenote: _Charientismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Allegoria._] - -And because the lie seemeth rather a word of course, then commonly of -substance, without proofe added to manifest the certaintie, I further -affirme that I will bring halfe a score, honester knowne then either -you or your Client, to whome he hath confessed the contrarie himselfe, -and made knowne the same most amplie vnto their owne vnderstanding, -who by the iustifying thereof, will proue him a shamelesse lying knaue -in his slaunders, and you a prating foolish dolt in the rash deliuery -of the same vpon so sleight a grounde, to defame an honest man of -more accompt then your selfe, and that without occasion. And because -you take vpon you to know me so well, and are yet of opinion that I -wil stoop to your Client, I must tel you therein your wisdom greatly -mistaketh both my nature and condition, for that I can neuer bee so -disparaged in conceipt, but that I coulde alwaies find an Asse by his -braying, and scorne a rascall though he were neuer so full of vaunting. - -My dwelling with Mayster L. continued euermore with reputation and -credite sufficient euen to this present daie, I desire to be informed -without pausing, what you canne say to impugne the same, and albeit I -knowe a slaunderous mouth neuer wanteth whereof to gather, yet taking -mee at that present state, you shall finde mee such in trueth as all -your malice shall neuer bee able to disgrace me. - -[Sidenote: _Asteismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -You saie I dare not walke abroade, that I cannot bee seene at -Westminster as your Clyent is. It is indeede spoken like a Tinker, and -sauouring somewhat of a Coblers stall, what betwixt choler and lying, -your Client and you haue taken order, to speake nothing honestlie. -And I woonder not of it, for you haue not so much as a sauour of -honesty about you. Vile malicious deuourers of men, do you thinke it -an easie thing, or matter of sleight purpose, so villainouslie to -derogate a mans good name (then which to a generous minde nothing is -more precious) or do you deeme all men of so base contempt as your -selues, that they can willingly suffer all things to bee benefited by -any thing? And when you haue shamefully vttered your lies in place of -audience, dare not for your breeches stand to the lest word of smallest -moment, that you let fall out of your ouerflowing venemous mouthes. - -[Sidenote: _Aposiopesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Synathrismus._] - -But _de his taceo_, the best is, you are both well knowne, for the one -of you, seeke all London for a cogging, brabling, boasting, rayling -shamelesse and lying knaue, M. is the man, and hee shall doe it. He -seeking all the towne ouer for a facing Aduocate, one that coulde -handle the matter like himselfe, F. was the man: Yee are both well met -together, continue your purpose, and see the ende, for you meane so, -nay you will do it. - -I vse not F as he vsed me, to brabble, and to lie of him to strangers. - -But hauing drawne his portraiture, I send the first counterfeite to -himselfe, that seeing it hee may shunne his lewdnesse, which yet lieth -in secret, and if hee continue shall quickelie bee published, and that -to his shame openlie. - -I leaue you both as I found you, my paper and present matter for this -time taking end. In apparant hast, hauing otherwise more weightilie to -imploy my selfe, this last of Februarie, &c. - - - - - _Of Epistles Comminatorie. Cap. 6._ - - -=This |Inuectiue| seemeth to haue béene ouer sharp in the matter, -but not in the maner, for the occasions thereunto inducing might -peraduenture merite that and greater. And howbeit both the termes -and conueyance are somewhat hard, yet is it in such cases verie -tolerable, when either the vilenesse of the action, or base demeanour -of the partie doth require it. And in this point there is a great -|Decorum| principallie to be obserued, to vse a bad person with -termes correspondent to his behauior & qualitie, as in any other -laudable purpose to entertaine another party according to his -calling or dignitie. And as this title of |Inuectiue|, and that of -|Exprobratorie| before going, are néerely affianced togither: so also -is the next heereunto, which is called |Comminatorie|. The |Etimologie| -or signification whereof, is by menaces to threaten. Insomuch as -participating with a kinde of |Accusation| for iniuries committed, -it expostulateth not, nor reasoneth of anie circumstance, obiection -or qualitie, but protesting a due desert in the partie challenged, -menaceth thereupon a speedie and answerable reuengement. This, of this -title is the substance and propertie. And so will we procéed to the -examples.= - - - _An example of an Epistle Comminatorie._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Prolepsis._] - -[Sidenote: _Antanaclasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Peroratiō._] - -Master D. I see well by some experience had of your dealings, that -you haue small regarde of your honestie, or welfare, two things in -mine opinion, whereof each one should bee charie. Your honestie, in -respect that you keepe no promise: Your welfare, in that you neglect -the oportunitie, for releasment of that, which in the ende must lie -vpon your owne shoulders. But seeing your inconsideration is so great, -and the like respect you carrie of your owne good growne to be slender, -blame not other men that breake with you vpon desert, nor mislike at -all their want of pittie, that haue no meane to pittie your selfe. -For my part looke for it, and you shall surelie finde it, that I will -prosecute all meanes possible to arrest you, and beeing so arrested, -I will not bee moued with intreatie, prayer, or other submission to -release you, till you haue payed the whole debt, charges and penaltie. -And whereas you sent mee worde by my man, that you could not accustome -your selfe, with one that trusted you to deale treacherouslie, I -answere againe, that if you make it so nice to bring him foorth to bee -arested for whome you are suretie: paie then the debt your selfe, and -satisfie me, and that speedilie: for if you doe not I vow I will meet -with you and that verie shortlie, when to your little content you shall -perceyue that in so vsing mee, you haue dealt most vnaduisedlie. Thinke -of it as you list, and deale with me accordinglie: and so to your best -consideration of your owne safetie, I leaue you. This ninth of Iune, &c. - - - _An other example Comminatorie containing a greater - vehemencie in the deliuerie._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -[Sidenote: _Aporia._] - -[Sidenote: _Emphasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metonoia._] - -[Sidenote: _Erotema._] - -[Sidenote: _Ecphonesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Aphorismus._] - -[Sidenote: _Anthypophora._] - -[Sidenote: _Epizeuxis._] - -[Sidenote: _Asyndeton._] - -[Sidenote: _Epitheton._] - -[Sidenote: _Periphrasis._] - -[Sidenote: _Synecdoche._] - -[Sidenote: _Pleonasmus._] - -[Sidenote: _Polyptoton._] - -[Sidenote: _Insultatio._] - -[Sidenote: _Aposiopesis._] - -[Sidenote: _Metaphora._] - -Vngracious ofspring of hellish brood, whome heauens permit for a -plague, and the earth nourisheth as a peculiar mischiefe, monster of -mankinde, and deuourer of men, what maie I tearme thee? With what ill -sounding titles maie I rayse my selfe vpon thee? Thou scorne of the -worlde, and not scorne, but worldes foule disdaine, and enemie of -all humaine condition, shall thy villanies scape foreuer vnpunished? -Will the earth yet support thee, the cloudes shadow thee, or the -aire breath on thee? What lawes be these, if at least wise such may -be tearmed lawes, whereout so vile a wretch hath so manie euasions? -But shalt thou longer liue to become the vexation and griefe of men? -No, for I protest, though the Lawes doe faile thee, my selfe will -not ouerslip thee, I, I am hee that will plague thee, thou shalt not -scape me, I will be reuenged of thee. Thinke not thy iniuryes are so -easie, that they are of all to be supported, for no sooner shall that -partched withered carkasse of thine, sende foorth thy hatefull and -abhorred lookes into anie publike shew, but mine eyes shall watch thee, -and I will not leaue thee, till I haue prosequuted that which I haue -intended towardes thee, most vnwoorthie as thou art to breath amongst -men, which art hated and become lothsome euen in the verie bowels and -thoughtes of men. Triumph then in thy mischiefes, and boast that thou -hast vndone mee, and a number of others, whom with farre lesse despight -thou hast forced to bende vnto thee. And when by due desert I shall -haue payed what I haue promised thee, vaunt then (on Gods name) of thy -winnings. For my part: but I will saie no more, let the ende trie all, -liue wretchedlie, and die villainouslie, as thou hast deserued, whome -heauens hencefoorth doe shunne, and the world denieth longer to looke -vpon. - - - - - _Of Epistles deprecatorie. Cap. 7._ - - -=The menaces of this last Epistle you may well déeme to haue issued -from a hot enraged Spirit: of which though the stile bee vehement, yet -vnto men alike humorous, the same may stand for a president. Such kinde -of inuentions and men so affected with such estranged passions, are -as we sée diuerslie found, wherof I thought good to giue foorth this -example to bee considered, the waight neuerthelesse to bee measured as -in the others before to the person and matter occurrent. And nowe will -we to the last of all this state |Iudiciall|, which are the Epistles -|Deprecatorie|. The title of these Epistles carrieth a name, accordant -to the submissiue matter in them contayned, for their efficacies are -onlie carried by entreatie, request of fauour, good opinion, allowance -or pardon of anie iniurie or offence conceyued or committed. In good -natures, it is a thing proper to weigh with themselues, howe much -anie waies they stand charged, whether by respect of person, dutie, -friendship or soueraigntie, accordinglie thereupon to frame their -speeches or writings. Yet is not the matter hereof Supplicatorie, as -growing by waie of petition. But rather an honest and gentle submission -to the good liking, estimate or friendlie respect of such, vnto whome, -or by whome we are either accused, tied, charged, or constrained, -clearing, if it may be, or honestly otherwise mitigating or auoyding -what sinisterly, or vpon some intended conceit, may be drawne to -be against vs, and of the vse hereof to be spoken let this now be -sufficient.= - - - _An example of an Epistle Deprecatorie, where the partie is - charged in good opinion._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Hypotyposis._] - -When a Phisiognomer by chaunce (hauing beene famous in other places) -came into the _forum_ of _Athens_, hee declared by the view of diuers -mens faces the diuersitie of their conditions, whereupon (for better -triall of his Arte) hee was demaunded what (_Prima facie_) he thought -of _Socrates_, he answered, by his countenance, to be a man of verie -euill condition. The people which knew the contrarie, growing thereby -into great rage, were readie to driue him out of the _forum_. But -_Socrates_ comming forth. Be not angrie (quoth he) for such a one might -I haue beene, if by Philosophie I had not corrected my maners. - -By this might bee inferred (right Woorshipfull) that at the first -shewe, it is not good to giue rash iudgement of anie man, for the -Phisiognomer beeing able to iudge what men might bee, was not able to -say iustlie such they are: In like manner, your Worship hauing beene -led by misreports, are able to say, thus it is spoken, but not so it is. - -[Sidenote: _Narratiō._] - -To my great griefe it is informed vnto mee, that by the sinister report -of mine aduersaries, you thinke hardly of me. And so much the rather -haue I cause to bee grieued, for that in the mouth of an ignorant -person, I am not therby iudged of, but by the sentence and opinion of -the wise, held a man badly demeaned, careles, and such a one as beareth -small reputation. - -[Sidenote: _Epanodis._] - -Beleeue mee sir, and if it please you to take further notice of me, you -shal find it true, that it is more euill vnto me to be adiudged loose -of a wise man, then of a thousand base persons to be vtterly condemned, -for that the one speaketh of skill, and the other of a bad conceipt, -the first wishing all men to bee good, the other confessing no man to -be sufficient, that is not possessed with euil. - -My aduersaries haue brought many heauy informations vnto you tending -in outward shew to my great disgrace, naming me as it pleaseth them, a -man (as they thinke of themselues) indifferent for all purposes. But -because I know you to bee wise, and thinke it a matter of no small -accompt to be well thought of at your hands: I am therfore the more -carefull to cleare my selfe, and do beseech you, that you will hold for -firme what I do here set down: assuring your selfe, that whatsoeuer my -aduersaries report of me, I doe make accompt what speeches passe from -me: and those that I deliuer vpon credite, I will performe with trust. - -This then I say for aunswere generall, to whatsoeuer they canne obiect, -that if any parte of that in substaunce they haue deliuered vnto you -for certaine bee true, I will loose the credite of a Gentleman, and bee -regarded as I repute them: and besides, will repay whatsoeuer is to me -paide, and release what nowe I haue in sute against them. - -Besides, pleaseth it your Worship for my credit sake to haue the -hearing of the cause, I will come face to face, and (though I knowe -the one of them to haue a shamelesse countenance) of himselfe, yet -let bring what counsell he will with himselfe, if I ouerthrowe not -euery matter obiected, and proue my selfe an honest man, I will loose -the debte and my credit too, which I accompt aboue all debts. Haue -not I then had great cause (hauing beene as vnto you, so in diuers -other places besides verie vniustlie railed at and defamed) to write -vnto these persons, and inueigh against them for it? Behold my letter -throughout, being well considered of, it shall bee euident that I had -great cause, and that very manifold to do it: for my part I knowe not -what others deeme, but touching my selfe, I had rather lose my life -then my good name, then which vnto me nothing is of more regard, and I -tell you sir, if F. or a better man then he maketh no more reckoning, -but to defame me without a cause, he shal know and vnderstand that my -credit is deare vnto me, and that to maintaine the contrarie he shall -find a hard reckoning. - -I spende not my time in making of Lybels, but to write in reproofe of -him that abuseth mee, which I take so highlie in griefe, as namelie, -they shoulde be so shamelesse to report that vnto your Worship which -they cannot stande to, that I holde it a wretchednes therein to be -silent, and a mischiefe for credit sake not to discouer a trueth. - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -Beseeching your worship of fauour and credite, to me and my rude lines, -I humblie take my leaue, beeing alwaies ready to auouch what here I -haue set down, wherof not failing I remaine - - Your worships whensoeuer to - be commanded. - - - _An example of an Epistle Deprecatory, in cause - of wrong supposed to bee - committed._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -[Sidenote: _Dicæologia._] - -[Sidenote: _Silepsis._] - -Sir, your Letters more troublesome to my conceipts, then sauoring (as I -am credibly led to thinke) of that your woonted most noble disposition -vnto mee, I haue receiued. With what supportation and vnaccustomed -griefe I haue retained them, I refer to anie one (guiltlesse accused -and suspended from so high fauours as formerly by your bountie hath -been to me performed) simplie to be coniectured. Long was it ere I -could satisfie my selfe by any accesse that might bee to proffer my -selfe or these humble Letters vnto you: Yet neuerthelesse weighing howe -farre different these newe occurrentes were from those your auncient -fauours, I surmised with my selfe that the instigation proceeded soly -from others, hardlie perchaunce bearing those graces wherein I stoode -with you, and becomming thereupon my bitter enemies, the sinister -deuise whereof, stood vpon me wholy to ouerthrow or impugne. For -which hauing no other or better meane at this instant, then these my -submissiue lines, I propose them vnto you, as solicitors of your -former liking, confessing that if any waies I haue erred vnto you, as -I will not vtterlie seclude my selfe from any errour, it was but as -a young man, and rather by ignoraunce, then of malice anie waies to -bee intended. And as touching any other obiection, let mee but craue -pardon to haue accesse vnto your presence, and then iudge as you finde -mee. Two waies are onelie left, my accusers to my face, or mine owne -simplicitie to cleare me. This is all I require, and so much I hope you -will not denie me. Wherewith resting in the due acknowledgement of that -your former bounty, I humbly surcease. This fifteenth of Nouember. - - - _An example of an Epistle Deprecatory, pleasantly - written to answere a former - Letter._ - -[Sidenote: _Exordium._] - -The long sweating paines wherein your good selfe (my verie good friend -A) haue lately trauelled with your weatherbeaten barke, to aunswere -my Letters, moueth mee (howe simply so euer) to reply a little to the -same. Wherein, pardon first craued for so meane a wit, at a suddaine, -to take vppon it, to encounter so selected a stile, wherewith your -youthfull yeares are so replenished, I go to the matter. - -Touching the iar you make of my formost writing, and late inciting you -to the tediousnesse of your studying, which for the causes alleadged, -your curtesie yet vouchsafeth to allow of, I, with so friendlie a -prospect as may be to so respectiue a iudgement, do right curiously -thanke you. - -The compasse of your writing, according to the measure it beareth, -being so much mystical, as that the grossenesse of my wit cannot -well conceiue of, hauing drawne thereinto as it seemeth, the very -quintessence of those well performed partes, that in your person -are resiant, maketh me post off the answere, till by a more deepe -consideration I may better conforme me vnto it. Wherein I must confesse -in very deed, that all that may be within or without, ouer or vnder, or -besides master B. you haue to the vttermost strained. - -For the paines you haue taken, I must pray you pardon though I render -you no profit. My forgetfulnesse also in prising the simple value I -beare, with your worthines, & many other beautified parts of your -gentlenes, you must also let slip, otherwise I am vndone with the -griefe, and so I would sir, your worship did take it. - -Nowe as touching the forgoing complaint you thrust in of your wants, I -could hardly beleeue that in the action you beare you could so greatly -be distressed. Neuerthelesse, for the little time I haue beene of your -masterships acquaintance, I haue vnderstoode of some that weare a -veluet suite with as small inheritance as your selfe, who haue vsed the -matter as slenderlie as may be, by any great credit to bee accompted of. - -[Sidenote: _Epilogus._] - -Yet must you needes giue me leaue to be gone, for the tide tarieth no -man, but if you find your selfe in the lurch before I returne againe, -the best is, at my home comming you know where to find me. _Et sic -valeas_, gentle friend _Topas_. - - - - - Of Epistles familiar. Chap. 8. - - -=With this pleasant direction I thinke meete at this present to -conclude these last Letters Iudiciall, and therewith also the verie -ende of all our Letters speciall, so tearmed by me as aforesaide, for -the speciall matters and conueyance to them seuerallie appropriate. -And nowe the next and last in turne, are those letters familiar, -for the ordinarie causes and matters of handling in them likewise -contained, so formerly named. Little informations néede here, more -then the directions alreadie in the Chapters of the first Booke that -haue beene deliuered, for their stile and methode. Seeing the common -matter in them vsuallie frequented, challengeth no such districtnesse -in propertie or conueiance, as was required in the others, only they -for orders sake as the rest, are herein to be distinguished (the better -to be found out & known by their partes) vnder their seuerall titles. -The first whereof appeareth to bee |Narratory| and |Nunciatorie|, both -alike in their vsage, consisting onelie in aduertisementes of affaires, -from friende to friende, seruant to maister, or generallie to speake, -from one person to an other, the examples whereof according to the -seuerall properties do plentifullie ensue.= - - - _A Letter Nunciatorie from a sonne to his father or friends, - touching his being in seruice._ - -My humble dutie remembred, good father, vnto you and my mother: These -are to aduertise you, that I am, I thanke God, in good health. As -touching my placing heere with my maister, I doe like verie well of the -trade, but I doe not thinke the seruice fit for me, as well for that it -seemeth, that more for the money that shall bee giuen with mee, then -for any desire to my good, hee is willing to haue mee. Besides, for -ought that I can learne, my maister is verie backeward in the worlde, -so that what minde soeuer you carrie to my placing here, I doubt it -will turne to verie small purpose. Neuerthelesse, as my dutie is, I doe -gladly submit my selfe to your pleasure, and am willing as becommeth -me, to do in all things according to your will. And euen so with my -heartie commendations to my Vnkle and Aunt, with my brothers and -sisters, I leaue further to trouble you: desirous, if it may seeme good -vnto you, that I may verie shortlie see you. From L. this thirteenth of -Februarie, &c. - - - _A Letter Nunciatorie in another sort of the selfe - same matter._ - -Good father, hauing the oportunitie of this bearer, I thought good to -certifie you of my present beeing, giuing you to vnderstande that I -am, I thanke God and you, in good health, and verie well placed heere -in London, where I am in hope to continue my heere beeing to some -profitable purpose. My maister vseth mee in verie good sort, and I -lacke nothing that appertaineth vnto such a one as my selfe. I trust -you shall haue ioy of mee, and ere a fewe yeares passed, I doubt not -but so to behaue my selfe, that I shall well deserue this good lyking -that alreadie I haue of my Maister, and further credite also at his -handes, and imployment about his businesse. I hope that you and my -mother, and all our friendes in the Countrey are in good health. I -pray you that you will write vnto my Maister as occasion serueth, and -thanke him for his good vsage: and if you can to remember him with -some conuenient token from the Countrey. Thus desiring your daylie -blessings, and remembring my humble dutie to you and my mother, I take -leaue, From L. this of, &c. - - * * * * * - -=These presidents as they are here vsed, may be applied to any the like -purpose, of what qualitie soeuer the seruant be, or the seruice, whence -the same is deliuered, there néedes but change of names, and contrarie -applications, according to the being of the parties to be vsed, and -this onelie forme to be obserued and continued. And so will we now to -the other examples.= - - - _An Epistle Narratorie containing aduertisements from one - friend to another._ - -My good N. you shall vnderstande by this bearer what speeches I haue -had in your behalfe, with Maister R. F. whome to tell you trueth, I -found at the first time verie strange, but after wee had a while -debated of the cause, and that I had enformed vnto him all those -reasons, which stoode both for your benefite and his owne satisfaction, -he was verie well contented. You haue much to thanke this Gentleman, -who omitted no part of a friend to deliuer in your absence what he -saw meetest to the purpose, and that in sooth with so deliberate and -sound resolution, as my selfe for your sake must needes also thinke the -better of him. I do refer the circumstance to both your leysures to be -debated on. And as touching that you willed me to deale for, with your -Vncle, it is, I see, to verie little profite, for that his suspicious -humours are such, as will not with anie reason whatsoeuer be diuerted. -I coulde tell you a Hystorie of that matter, but I leaue all to our -next meeting. My brother S. desired mee heartilie to commend him vnto -you, and so did your olde seruant D. You shall by the next Carrier -either heare further of me, or else verie shortlie thereupon you may -expect to see mee. And euen so with my heartiest commendations till -then I bid you fare well, S. this fifteenth of August, &c. - - - _A Letter of aduertisement from a sonne to his father._ - -My humble duty remembred good father vnto you, and my mother. It maie -please you to vnderstande, that vpon the receyte of your Letters -sent mee by P. your man, I haue done your commaundement. And whereas -you expected an aunswere by the carrier, for that P. went forwarde -Westwardes in his iourney, I could not till this present write vnto you -to anie effect. I haue receiued of Maister N. the twentie poundes which -shoulde haue beene paied at Easter last, and for the continuation of -my here beeing, I thinke it would turne you to some profite, so be it -I may be furnished accordinglie. Wools are as yet at high rate, but I -thinke shortlie they will fall, wherefore I haue not yet thought meete -to laie out anie monie about them. The next weeke you shall receiue by -C. the Carrier fortie poundes. And if it please you then to returne by -him those parcels of wares that I last wrote vnto you of, they will -now come in verie good time, respecting that the Faire at F. is nigh, -and for ought I yet perceyue, they are like to bee well solde there. -This is all I haue to write vnto you at this present, sauing my heartie -desire of your health, and likewise of my mother, with all my brothers -and sisters. It is here sayde, G. hath verie lewdlie demeaned himselfe -in his maisters businesse, whereby maister L. is like to bee much -indangered. Praying your daylie blessings vnto me, I humblie recommend -you to the Almightie. From B. this thirtie of May. - -=Accordant vnto this last Letter maie any seruant frame himselfe -to aduertise his master of his affaires, altering onelie the names -of directions, and the matter as occasion serueth. Neuerthelesse -forsomuch as in causes of other accidents beyond the seas, both -masters haue occasion to write vnto their seruants or factors, and -likewise the seruant or factor to answer them againe, whereof perchance -some examples in this methode might also be sought for. As néere as -my little guesse in those causes will serue me, I wil set you down -some directions. Noting by the way, that the infinit number of all -occurrents are not herein to be satisfied, though to as many as bee -néedfull examples are intended to bee giuen. Onely the learner must -consider, that the true and proper intendment hereof, is but for an -orderly conueiance of euery action to be prescribed, wherout one -direction picked, must and may well serue for a number in that or the -like degrée, vpon other occasions to be suted. Neuerthelesse, that -as well in this, as the former booke, we haue omitted no trauell for -the ease and better instruction of the studious to giue vnto them, of -euery common or néedfull matter, as manie seuerall directions, as that -the leading along of the same herein, may be wel iudged to be most -plentifull. According whereunto, of these two last recited partes, wee -will now sort you out some particular examples, of the first whereof -from the maister to the seruant, you shall expect hereafter vnder -the title Mandatorie, & of the second this example ensuing may be a -president.= - - - _A Letter from a seruant or factor to his maister._ - -Sir, my humble dutie remembred vnto you, and my good Mistresse, you may -please to vnderstand that I haue laden for your account in the good -ship called the R of B. according to your remembrance sent vnto me for -the same, by maister S. T. seuen Buts of Secke, which cost the first -pennie seuenteene Duckats the Butte: marked with your accustomed marke -in the margent. Moreouer, fiue Roues of Cochinelie, verie excellent -good, and of fine colour: which cost after Duckats the Kintall. All -which I hope by Gods grace shall safelie come vnto your hands, I send -you also herein inclosed your bill of lading: I wrote formerlie vnto -you for certaine commodities out of England by maister D. L. who came -alongst in the Fleete of L. and is as I vnderstand, safely arriued -from _Lyons_ againe. Here is at this present small newes worth the -writing vnto you, wherefore, praying Almightie God for the health and -prosperitie of you and all yours, I humbly take my leaue. From L. this -of, &c. - - _Your faithfull and readie seruant at command._ - - - - - _Of Epistles Remuneratorie. Chap. 9._ - - -=In the writing of this last Letter, there was shewed mee by the -Printer, a booke called the |Marchants Auiso|, helping, and in mine -opinion most fully & amplie suffizing to this instruction. And for as -much as the conuieance of these letters, bee rather matters priuate to -Merchantes aduenturers, then resting in publique for anie other vsers, -I haue determined herein for that sorte, vnder this |Narratorie| or -|Nunciatorie| title to laie downe my limits, referring the desirous of -further direction, vnto the writer of that Booke, whose labour for -that purpose, not without his speciall desert, cannot be by me or anie -other to such end better furnished or deliuered, his tearmes being most -currant to those kind of dealinges, and his methode also best answering -vnto the true passages thereof. For which in supplement of the residue -of the required examples yet vnfitted to this my |Secretorie|, I will -proceed vnto the next title of these familiar letters, which appeare -to be |Remuneratorie|. This title serueth to a |Remuneration| or -thankfull acknowledgement of benefits receiued, and to such end is by -the examples thereof to be imploied. And in so much as vnto euerie one -well conditioned, or of good and liberall education, it is a thing -pertinent, not to omit the respect of euerie benefit without some -thankefull consideration, it shall behooue that according to the estate -or qualitie of the partie, from whome we receiue the same, we do frame -our letters of thankes, which to our betters, equalles and inferiours -are in sundrie sortes to be deliuered, and according to the dignitie -and worthinesse of euerie one, excelling or going before vs, are euer -to be measured, and with the more or lesse submissiue and humble -acknowledgment is alike to be caried. Neuerthelesse, that according -to the efficacie of speech in each of them deliuered, the greatnesse -and weightie respect of euerie good turne, is by the considerate and -respectiue regarde thereof, the more amplie to be perceiued.= - - - _An example of an Epistle Remuneratorie - from an inferiour, to one far his better in - reputation and calling._ - -To recognize (Sir) in multitude of wordes, howe much charged I stande -vnto your bounteous and euer curteous regard towards mee, were vnto -your wisdome I knowe but friuolous, who better respecteth the inwarde -seruice intended of anie one, (whereof I humblie beseech you on my -parte to stande assured) then an outwarde behauiour, the validitie -whereof maie manie waies bee doubted. - -Yet neuerthelesse, in that the thoughts of men are only in word or -action to bee deciphered, let it I beseech you stande with your good -fauor that I may by these few lines confesse my selfe bound vnto you. -And for the residue, when it shall seeme good vnto your Worship to -command me, I will not haue life or abilitie that shall not be yours, -in al that it may please you to vse me. - - - _A Letter remuneratory from a Gentlewo- - man of good sort to a noble man her - kinsman._ - -My good L. howe much I am bounde vnto your L. for multitude of fauours, -and especially that it pleased you to thinke so well of me, as to -write your fauourable letters in my behalfe: I can by no other waies -expresse, then to continue your L. most humbly affectionate poore -kinswoman, & wil for euer acknowledge it as of your great goodnes, -beyond any merit of mine owne. And as my bounden duty is, no day -shal passe me that I will not pray to God for your L. health and -prosperitie, and the redoubling of your daies. Beseeching your L. to -excuse this my boldnes, and to pardon me that in person I cannot do my -humble duty, but by writing, my Lady making such haste away, as so much -time wil not be permitted me. I most humbly therefore take my leaue of -your L. From S. this eleuenth of Nouember. - - - _A Letter remuneratory from one - friend to another._ - -Good M. D. my breach of promise in not hauing visited you with -deserued requitall, sithence my departure, maie breede suspicion and -doubt of ingratefulnesse, but I hope, and by hope presume, that of -your owne good disposition towards all your acquaintance, you will -yeelde vnto an approoued trial before you condemn. For my part, if -I should not owe vnto you all honest minde and fidelitie, I shoulde -much contrary your great curtesie, and deseruedlie incur the shame of -ingratitude. You knowe that hauing swaied, as I haue done, out of the -limits of a comptrolled rule, and displeased so much thereby as my -case hath bewraied vnto you, those whome by nature and duty I ought -to be awed vnto, it is reason that by a more district obseruance I -make amendes for the residue. My father it seemeth though not yet by -me, hath otherwise vnderstoode how much I stand yoked vnto you, and -thinketh himselfe for all his sons vnthriftines somwhat therein to -be tied vnto you. His meaning is one of these daies to intreat your -paines hitherwards. But how euer deserts be noted, or care by nature -doth binde, assure your selfe whilest life leadeth along this earthly -coarse, I am and will bee alwaies most vnfainedlie yours. To whom, and -your good bedfellowe, I most hartily and often commend me. From B. this -of, &c. - - - _A Letter remuneratorie from a - Better to his inferiour._ - -T. F. I haue vnderstoode by my seruaunt P. howe much I am beholding -vnto you for your paines taken in my behalfe, about such busines as I -sent him, for which I not onlie thanke you for the present, but will -remaine your willing friende to requite you in anie thing that I maie. -It was tolde mee you had occasion to trauell this way verie shortly, I -pray you if you doe, let mee see you. And looke you faile not to vse -me as your good friende, if at anie time you fortune to haue neede of -me. Wherein doubt you not but you shall finde my readinesse as great as -your forwardnesse hath beene already in my businesse. And so doe bid -you hartily farewell. From T. this of, &c. - - Your louing friend, &c. - - - - - Of Epistles Iocatorie. Chap. 10: - - -=Thus haue wee deliuered vnto you of euerie of these sutes their -seuerall examples, wherein you must note, that if you write to your -better a letter |Remuneratorie|, you maie not promise vnto him your -gratefulnes with the verie word of requitall, but rather by the proffer -of seruice or other affectionate meaning in you, to the answering -of such curtesies as haue beene receiued. And next hereunto will we -passe vnto the title |Iocatorie|. The letters of this sute are such -as of some pleasant conceipted vain, do procéed from one familiar -friend or acquaintance to another, rather of some sporting deuise then -of anie important matter. The vse is common among pleasant heades, -and rather suted forth according to their present vaines, then vpon -anie prescribed order. Such whereof is at the end of our Epistles -|Commendatorie|, & one other vnder the title |Consolatorie| mentioned -in the former of these bookes, and likewise a third vnder the title -|Deprecatorie|, written in this last part of letters, & a like whereunto -was once written by my selfe, and three or foure other of a merie -acquaintance, to a parson beeing our familiar, and one of good nature -and disposition in the country, wherein each one wrote a line of a -seueral hand, and as occasion fel out, inserted his sporting deuises, -with many odde quips & meriments, wherwith the good Parson thought -himselfe greatlie wronged, till he knew from whence it came. But in so -much as to an inuention onlie naturallie to be expected, no method can -be well prescribed, I leaue the Epistles of this sort to the discretion -of the writer, as his fantasie serueth to be pursued. And goe to the -next, which are called |Gratulatorie|. For as the one is a pleasant, -merie and sporting vaine, so is this a kind of reioicing, but in a more -modest and curteous maner, ouer the good healths, fortune, or other -good partes or preferments, of our friendes, kindred, or acquaintance, -whose examples to their proper purposes are nowe next to be deliuered.= - - - _An Epistle Gratulatorie from one friend to another._ - -Sir, I was verie sorie to vnderstand by the common report of our -neighbours of your great sicknes, as of such a one whom our countrie -should misse, and I promise you as much as anie poore welwiller of -yours, I grieued thereat, but being certainlie againe assured of your -good recouerie, I praise God in my thought for the same, and do reioice -it hath pleased his goodnes to bring you to your former strength. -Whereof hauing no better nor more apparant token at this present, then -my heartie well wishing, I thought it parcell of an honest purpose to -signifie the same vnto you by writing, especiallie hauing therunto so -good and fitte oportunitie, as this bearer, whome entirelie I knowe to -loue and regard you. And euen so with my heartie commendations to your -selfe, and my good Coosen your wife, I heartilie bid you farwell, From -B. this of, &c. - - - _A Letter Gratulatorie from a wife to her husband._ - -Good husbande, I am glad that you haue at the last remembred your -selfe by this bearer, to write vnto me, who haue thought it verie long -to heare from you. I doe greatlie reioice of the good and prosperous -successe of your iourney, and chieflie that you haue endured your -trauel so well, being in so good plight and strength of bodie, as I -vnderstand you are by your Letter. We are much beholding vnto our -good friends in the Countrie, that haue giuen you so great and good -entertainment. And I heartilie pray you to commend mee vnto them. Your -businesse heere at London goeth well, thankes bee to God, and wee haue -no want of any thing but your presence, which if you would once hasten -hitherward, it were a comfort vnto vs all to see you, hauing beene as -me seemeth verie long absent. But maister C. and his friendes where -you are, vseth you so kindlie, that I thinke you cannot well tell howe -to winde your selfe out from your good companie. Yet good husbande -remember that at the last you must come home, and the sooner the -better. I referre all to your good discretion, and so commend mee most -heartilie vnto you. From L. this of, &c. - - - _A Letter Gratulatorie from one to his kinsman seruing in London._ - -Good Coosen, I am glad to heare of your good preferment in London, -and that, as I heare by your father and mother, you are so wel placed -there, and with so good a Maister. It is no little comfort vnto mee -to vnderstande, that you doe so resolutelie, and with so good a minde -dispose your selfe to your businesse, which I gladlie wish you would -continue. You must nowe remember that your friends with great charge, -care and industrie haue brought you vp, and that their intent and -meaning therein was, that in expectation thereof, they should haue -ioy and comfort of you in your elder yeares. For which, as you haue -now bequeathed your selfe to this place of seruice, so must you for -any feare of hard vsage, bitternesse of speech, or other mislike of -tauntes or rebukes, make account to endure and continue. It may be, -being yet vnacquainted with the customs and vsages of London, you doe -now at the beginning thinke well of that, which hereafter maie turne to -a discontentment: but good Coosen, so be it you haue no want of things -needfull and necessarie, frame your selfe to forbeare all other crosse -matters whatsoeuer, and giue you wholie on Gods name, to the benefite -of your seruice. You shall want therein no helpe, furtherance, or -incouragement on mine and your friends behalfe, who reioycing in that -alreadie to see you so well behaued, doe daylie praie to God to prosper -and blesse you. And thus with my heartie commendations I bid you fare -well. B. this of, &c. - - _Your Vnkle carefull of your - well doing, T. B._ - - - - - _Of Epistles Obiurgatorie. Chap. 11._ - - -=These three examples may bee sufficient to serue to anie matter of -this title: seeing in eyther of them is required but an alteration of -the cause whereupon wee frame our Letter to reioyce vpon: the forme of -conueyance is all one. For which we will hence procéed to the next in -course being |Obiurgatorie|, or a rebuking of the ill vsages, demeanors -or parts of any one. It sauoreth somewhat of the |Monitorie| and -|Reprehensorie| kindes before going, but in a different maner: for that -the efficacy of those Epistles do beare force in matters publike or -notorious, and these in vsages priuate and of lesse importance. The -order whereof by the examples following maie be the better perceiued.= - - - _A Letter Obiurgatorie from a maister to his seruant._ - -Among some other causes that latelie haue beene aduertized vnto me -from my good and louing friends, it is made knowne vnto me, that you -in my absence, as well towards your Mistresse, whom in my place I haue -appointed ouer you, as among others your fellowe seruants, doe take -much vpon you. You runne and goe at your pleasure, wade into vnseemelie -courses, and giue your selfe vnto some other matters, neither fitting -the trust on you reposed, nor answering vnto my seruice. The newes -hereof, you must thinke pleaseth me not verie well, neither can I -with patience digest, that a companion of your being, to whom by my -sole fauour I haue giuen place of direction in my house, should be -so imperious ouer my wife and her due command in mine absence. Your -wide wandring & common haunts at your liking, cannot by all coniecture -be vnto mine estate profitable. Wherefore in signification that I am -nothing well pleased with these so lauish demeanors, if by the next -report I hear not that they are better amended, you are shortlie -thereupon likelie inough to find how ill contenting they be vnto -my humours: with which priuate rebuke, if priuatelie so it may bee -considered, being at this present resolued to conclude, I attend the -redresse of these euils: and so giue my selfe to my further trauels. -From B. this of, &c. - - _Your maister to requite you as you shall deserue._ - - - - - _Of Epistles Mandatorie. Chap. 12._ - - -=The force of these Epistles, mingled, as I said before, with the other -Titles in the last Chapter declared, may for further matter or other -occasions therin required, draw yᵉ plenty of their examples from those -|reprehensorie| and |Comminatorie|, kindes alreadie specified, this, -for any other like direction being thereunto for this place sufficient. -And now the last of these familiar titles ensueth, which is called -|Mandatorie|. These Letters haue their titles of such directions, -matters in charge, or other instructions, as by writing from one person -to another are deliuered, and are the most ordinarie in vsage of all -other letters that are amongste vs frequented. The conueyance whereof -in these following Examples shall be tendered.= - - - _A Letter mandatorie from a maister to his seruant or factor, - being beyond the seas._ - -My heartie desire of your good sucesse and wel-fare intended, which -I hope God will blesse, I maruell that I haue receyued no Letters -from you since the fourth of March last, I hope you doe neuerthelesse -continue your good care and trust in mine affaires, whereof I nothing -doubt. I wrote by maister N. in the good ship called the P. of London -vnto you, which will shortly by Gods grace arriue at B. and is bound -for L. vnto my coosen T. R. for all your necessities to giue you ayd -as well in counsell as money: howbeit I hope you haue no great want of -either, considering those trusty friends I haue remaining where you -are, and your owne allowed diligence which formerlie I haue proued. -I do now send you by a bill of lading in the good ship called the S. -of D. those commodities you last wrote vnto mee of, viz. one packe of -verie fine broad cloathes, & twentie Tuns of Lead: the broad cloathes -stand me with all charges in sixteene pounde a cloath. I hope you will -haue regarde to the selling of these commodities to my best aduauntage, -wherein I pray you do your best endeuour as the market serueth. And -for the money arising thereof, I would haue you to employ on these -commodities there, which are here most vendible, wherof I principally -wrote vnto you in my last letters, which I doubt not by this time you -haue receiued. Otherwise I would haue you to confer with my coosen T. -R. there abouts. And thus desiring Almighty God to blesse and prosper -you, whom I desire you in all your actions and dealings to remember, I -bid you heartily farewell. L. this last of Maie. - - _Your maister willing in all things to requite - your seruices, &c._ - - - _Another Letter mandatory from a maister - to his seruaunt._ - -Albeit I haue manie occasions to write vnto you by this bearer, which -time will not suffer me to doe: Neuerthelesse such as are most needfull -I will hereby remember you of. At my departure from N. I gaue order for -certaine wares to bee sent vnto you from thence by the carier of C. and -thereof did then write vnto you at large in a Letter, and sent inclosed -in that letter a bill of the parcels. Now hauing sithence considered -with my selfe of the matter, my desire is that you do not transporte -them as I was determined, but let them rest vntill my home comming, -for that there is a shippe shortly going for B. of M. Alderman H. with -whome I am determined to ioine in the whole freight, and meane by Gods -grace therein to passe both those and some other commodities. About -thursday next, there is one T. B. appointed by my coosen L. P. to come -vnto you for fiftie pound, if he do come let him haue the money, and -take his note for the receipt, and this shall be your warrant. I would -haue you to looke to the waters side if the wind continue Southward, -for it is now serueth wel, and I doubt not but to heare from Lisbon, -for gladly would I vnderstand of our shipping, and of such letters as -shall be sent I wish you to take notice, and if I returne not before, -vse circumspection I pray you to prouide for their returne accordingly. -The haste of this bearer wil not suffer me to write more, only looke to -my businesse, haue care of the trust in you reposed, and commend me to -your mistrisse, tel her I will hasten homewards, as fast as I can. And -so to God I commit you. R. this of, &c. - - Your louing maister, &c. - - - _A Letter mandatory from a man to his wife._ - -Good wife, considering my hasty departure from you and my children, -my hope is that you wil haue that louing and respectiue care towards -them and your familie, that appertaineth. I haue left many things raw -by reason of the suddennes of my iourney, which standeth vpon your -good regard to be ordered, as namely the charge of my seruantes, and -disposition of some other affaires and businesse. You shall nowe shewe -your selfe a carefull and discreete wife, if in mine absence, you will -a little take vpon you to be in my place. Regard and consider with your -selfe, that seruants are negligent and carelesse, and if the maister -forget his owne profit, they are as readie as others to share with -his gaines. Your painfull attendance to ouerlooke them, shal straine -their labours to my vsing, your desire to see into them, shall worke -their vsage to my well seruing. You must now a little while forget -neighbourhood, and walking for company, considering the old prouerbe: -That when the Cat is away the mouse wil go play: If master and dame -haue both continued absence, seruants fall a wasting, and do what they -list. You know good wife, I haue now taken a great charge of late vpon -me, which with some carefull looking to, may turne to good, let it not -be grieuous vnto you, nor thinke it hard, that I thus make you partaker -of my charge, as I do of my profit. For we are yoke fellowes you know, -and the charge is equall betwixt vs to be borne and supported. If as -louing mates and companions wee drawe forth togethers, we doubtlesse -shall by Gods blessed goodnes see the fruits of our labours. Our -children shall participate with vs of our trauels, and God shal prosper -our endeuours. And howbeit good wife, I haue alwaies found you such, -as of whose care to my well doing I neede haue no doubt, yet if by -the importance of my charge I bee driuen thus much to write vnto you, -thinke that in great trust of your modesty, respect of your loue, & -zeale to both our goods I haue done the same. And though no mistrust -remaine of any one about me: yet doe I put you in minde what youth -by too much sufferance and neglegct of libertie may be inclined to. -This is al I would, and so much I hope as you gladly will yeelde vnto. -Commend mee manie times to your selfe and likewise to all our friendes. -From R. this third of Maie, &c. - - Your assured louing husband, &c. - - - _A Letter Mandatory from one friend - to another._ - -My harty commendations remembred vnto you, good maister R. These are -to certifie you that I haue presumed so much on your friendship, as -to put ouer certaine causes of mine in your name, for so much as for -many respects I find my selfe too far insufficient to deale with the -parties, I must therefore desire you to receiue some instructions -which I haue herwith sent you by this bearer, and therein to vse such -needfull furtherance as in like cases of friendship you may commaund -at my handes. I pray you also that you will take so much more further -paines for me, as at conuenient leisure to walke towards S. and there -to confer with my brother P. and vpon sight and hearing of such -matter as by him shall bee shewed and set forth vnto you, to deale -accordingly. Thus with my earnest desire to see you here at L. where -you shall most hartily finde your selfe welcome, I take leaue this of, -&c. - - Your very louing friend, &c. - -=Thus haue I led along, as you sée, this promised Methode by varietie -of directions and examples, fitting to euery purpose I hope to the -pleasing and content of all the indifferent readers: and here as a -limit sufficient to that determined labour, doe I laie downe my rest. -If anie faultes happen, as no doubt there will (for what from fault -maie bee frée) let the learned I beseech them winke at it, the curteous -ouerpasse it, and the considerate and well practised in such like -trauels fauour me in it, seeing my endeuour therein was done for the -best. And so doe I conclude my Methode.= - - FINIS. - - - - - A - DECLARATION - of al such Tropes, Figures or Schemes, - _as for excellencie and ornament in wri-_ - ting, are speciallie vsed in this - Methode. - - Collected and explaned togithers, - according to their applications, - vsages, and properties. - - _By Angell Day:_ - - [Illustration] - - Imprinted at London by P. S. for - Cuthbert Burbie. 1599. - - - - - _To the courteous Reader._ - - -As in the two bookes before going (gentle Reader) my mind and purpose -was to set foorth vnto the learner, how much the phrase of our daylie -speech by well ordering and deliuerie is graced with Figures and -other ornaments of Art, and to such end and purpose, haue I in the -margent of euerie Epistle, directlie against the places where they are -vsed, quoted them to be seen. I haue now for better supplement of the -learners knowledge, determined in this place to make a collection of -them all, remembring with my selfe, that vnto such as are vnexperienced -in their particular applications, they shall be but of verie slender -moment in their quotations, without also they may be instructed by -example, how, where, and in what tearmes, wordes or cariage, they -are vsed, and wherein, and by what conueyance their efficacies are -explaned. For which cause, these briefe instructions following, -conteining, as in the title before going, a demonstration of their -true & seueral qualities, properties and natures, are to such ende -deliuered: wherein my purpose is to omit nothing, which in my poore -opinion may seeme vnto this deuised Methode anie wayes furthering. -And howbeit my selfe in the writing of these collections, doe well -consider the want I haue of other perfections, whereby to ornifie the -matter hereof, with examples correspondent, yet shall it by such meanes -appeare vnto all fauourers of science, what will and desire I haue to -deserue with the best, confessing (as by due proofe I haue found) no -speech to be accounted valuable or of weight, that is not graced with -these parts. Thus hauing at large expostulated my true meaning herein, -I commit the rest to your curteous censures, and my selfe to your good -opinions. - - _Yours, A. D._ - - - - - OF FIGVRES, TROPES, and Schemes. - - -=A |Figure| is a certaine meane whereby from a simple and ordinarie -kinde of speaking, we growe into a more cunning and excellent -deliuerie.= - - - A Figure is diuided into _Trope_ and _Scheme_. - -=A |trope| is as much to say, as a variation of a worde or sentence -from the proper & apt signification, vnto another neere vnto the same, -sometimes for pleasure, and otherwhile for ornament sake, and there are -|tropes| of words, and |tropes| of sentences.= - -=A |Scheme| is a certaine new kinde of forme of writing & speaking, and -for the excellencie thereof is called the ornament, light and colours -of Rhetoricall spéech.= - -=Betweene a |Trope| and a |Scheme| the difference is, that the -|Trope| changeth the signification, as in these wordes |Generation| -of |Vipers|, meaning thereby |homicides| of their owne issue or -antecessors, as the |Viper| deuoureth her owne broode. The |Scheme| -hath no change of signification, but retaineth the expresse meaning, -as, |Can so great anger be in heauenlie mindes?| written of _Iuno_ in -the |Aeneidos| of _Virgill_, whereas anger is indéede onelie a humaine -passion, yet without alteration is there allotted vnto the heauenlie -Gods. And of some there is helde in them small difference, in so much -as often times they runne into one anothers meaning.= - - - The _Tropes_ of wordes, are - -=_Metaphora_, which is, when a worde from the proper or right -signification is tanasferred to another neere vnto the meaning, as to -saie: |We see well|, when wee meane |wee vnderstande well|, or to call -them |eaters or deuourers of men and houses|, who vndo the poore, -or extort from them their goods or liuings: or to saie, a homelie or -rude speaker doth |braie|, which to do belongeth to an Asse, or to -attribute vnto thinges the properties they haue not, as if we should -say, the ground wanting wet, |doth thirst for raine|, or |fruits| -in their growth do |labour|, or |corne| by the statelie length and -weightie eare it carrieth, to bee |proude|, or by |Emphasis|, that -|by desire, men are enflamed, by anger kindled, fallen by errour:| And -lastlie, in prayse of mans ofspring, as to saie, |the beautie of his -stocke|, or to call the place of renowne, |the well or seate of glorie|, -also to say, |the showers of speech, flouds of eloquence|, onelie for -ornament in writing, without anie other proper affinitie, attribution -or likelihoode.= - -=_Synecdoche_, when by one particular we vnderstand a number, as to -saie, the |braue English was conquerour|, as much to saie, |Englishmen -were victours|, or when by a part wee vnderstande the whole, as to say, -a |blade| for a |sworde|, a |Hall| for a |house|, or when by one thing -we vnderstand another, as to say, |the highest fall| for |the deepest -fall|, the |toppe| for |the bottome, Neptunes reigne| for the |Sea|: or -when we put the matter whereof a thing is made, for the thing it selfe: -as to saie, |the loftie Pine did scowre the Seas|, for the ship made -of the Pine trée, or thus: |With slashing Iron furious on his foes, -hee rusht amaine, &c.| for |with slashing sworde:| Likewise hee put -|spurres to his horse|, for |hee ranne his horse|. |They haue liued|, -that is, |they are dead, they flourish|, for they are rich, braue or -happie.= - -=_Metonymia_, or _transnominatio_, the putting of one name for an -other, as the |inuenter|, for the thing inuented, so do we call -corne by the name of |Ceres|, we put |Bacchus| for wine, |Venus| for -lust, |Vulcane| for fire, |Neptune| for the sea, |Mars| for warre: -likewise the continent for that which is contained, as if we should -say, |acceptable to the heauens|, meaning to him that dwelleth in -the heauens, a |happie soyle|, meaning happie people in the soile, -|hee drunke vp the whole cup before him|, for the wine in the cup -before him. In like maner when the cause efficient is vnderstood by -the effect, as when we say, |Pale death, sorrowfull dread, headlong -rage, carelesse wine, vnshamefast night|: wherein is shewed, that -dread causeth sorowe, |death| palenes, |wine| carelesnes, and so of -the rest. Further, when by her that holdes the |Scepter|, wee signifie -the |Queenes Maiestie|, and likewise by mentioning the |Sword|, -|Magistracy|.= - -=_Antonomasia_, where to the person of anie one, wee giue an other -name, then his owne proper, as in stead of |Christ|, to saie the |Holie -one of God|, or |The worlds Sauiour|. Or of the Queenes Maiestie, -to saie |The Virgin Queene, The Royall Maide|, with other like -appropriations fitting so great an excellencie.= - -=_Onomatopœia_, where to a thing not hauing a proper terme, wee faine -or deuise a name, as to saie, |the murmure of the waters, the roring of -the cannon, clashing of armour|, & such like: where neither |murmur|, -|roring| nor |clashing| is by nature to these belonging.= - -=_Catachresis_, where wee accommodate a name to a thing that is not -proper, as to saie, |lend me your hand, or your aid|, which tearme of -lending is more proper to money, or things that are borrowed, and to -say, |mens powers are short|, or |their counsels long|, when in neither -of both there is anie such measure.= - -=_Metalepsis_, or |Transumptio|, when by a certaine number of degrees -we go beyond that wee intend in troth, and haue meaning to speake of, -as to saie: |Accursed soile that bred my cause of woe|, when we might -as well crie out on the parties selfe that hath don the wo, & not to -go so far off as to the soile that bred him, or as |Penelope| bewaling -her husbandes ouerlong absence from her, exclaimed in her Epistle to -|Vlysses|, on |Paris| that had raped |Helena|, wishing that he and all -his fleet had perished, ere the rape had bin committed, intending that -by that rape, the |Grecians| were drawn to the warres, and so the -siege for tenne yeares space continued, and ten yeeres after that, -her husband forced by many landes and seas to haue wandered. Of the -originall cause whereof her iust complaint was deriued.= - - - Tropes of sentences, _are_ - -=_Allegoria_, a kinde of inuerting or change of sence, as when we shew -one thing in wordes & signifie another in meaning, a |Trope| most -vsuall amongst vs euen in our common speaking, as when we saie, |Bow -the With while it is greene|, meaning to correct children whilest they -bee yong: or, |There is no fire without smoake:| meaning that there is -no ill conceipt without occasion: or, |I smell a Rat|, that is, I know -your meaning, for other applications you haue the same diuerslie quoted -in our Epistles to bee seene in their margents.= - -=_Ænigma_, a darke sentence, or as we ordinarilie say, a riddle, rather -vsed in high and déepe mysteries, otherwise conueied sometime in -pleasant fancies, then accustomed in other writings.= - -=_Parœmia_, called amongst vs an _Adage_ or common saying, as thus: -|Who so toucheth pitch shall bee defiled therewith: It earlie pricketh -that wil be a thorn: many hands make light worke, &c.| - -=_Ironia_, a scoffe or flout, as when wee saie, |Alas good man|, or to -one that hath set debate or contention, |you haue spun a faire thred|: -or to him that hath made a long speach to no purpose, |you haue brought -forth a mighty mole-hil|, or to a lewd person, |you are an honest man|. - -=_Sarcasmus_, a bitter bob as wee saie, or enuious derision, as of one -arraigned for fellonie, to twit him, |that hee had like to haue knockt -his head against the gallowes|, or of one suffering for treason to -saie, |that it made him hop headlesse. - -=_Asteismus_, a smooth, as we call it, as when one tels a thing -repugnant to the present matter or companie, to saie, |I had as lieue -he told me it snew|, when neither the time of the yeare, or present -weather admitteth it snowe. Or when one misseth of a number, to bid him -|take a sticke and tell it|, or telling a lie, to bid him |take the -haire from his lips|. - -=_Antiphrasis_, when a word scornefullie deliuered, is vnderstoode by -his contrarie, as of a dwarfe, to saie in iest, |what a gyant haue we -here|, or of him that telleth a matter ordinarie for strange, to saie, -|what a wonder telleth he|, or to say, |the man hath a sharpe wit|, -when we intend he hath a verie blunt capacitie, or of a blacke Moore -woman, to saie, |Will ye see a faire pigion.|= - -=_Charientismus_, as when we scoffe a man in his threatning mood to -say, |O good words, I pray you|, or |kill vs not at the first dash|, -or, |Bite not my nose off I pray you|, and such like.= - -=_Hyperbole_, when for the manifestation of a thing vehement or -exceeding, the wordes of our speach doe goe beyonde credite, as to -saie, |It woulde haue made a stonie hearte to weepe: hee wearied the -heauens with his clamour: Shee was fairer then beautie herselfe, more -cruell then Nero or Phaleris: Worse then the Deuill: Whiter then snowe: -sighing without ceasing|, and infinite such like.= - - Of Schemes there are two sorts, - _that is,_ - Grammaticall, and Rhetoricall. - Grammaticall are also deuided into two parts. - _that is,_ - Orthographicall, pertaining chieflie to Poesie: - _and_ - Syntaxicall, which are to be applied to our vses. - - - Schemes Syntaxicall, _are_, - -=_Eclipsis_, that is a defect of sence in a word or necessarie -reason, aunswerable to the due construction, as when hauing spoken -sufficientlie of a matter, we close vp the sentence with these wordes, -|But this for that let be, and now to the rest|, where after |let be|, -this worde (|sufficient|) seemeth to be wanting. Likewise, |what might -be more in the matter?| for |what might be more don or spoken in the -matter|. Also to saie, |you are not to aunswere or compare with him|, -for |you are not meete, sufficient, or able to answere or compare with -him|. Or otherwise to say, |A man of so rare vertue, so deeplie to be -ouerseene|, for, |is it true that a man of so rare vertue shoulde so -deeply be ouerseene.|= - -=_Aposiopesis_, when by passing to another matter, we stop our spéech -on a sudden, as it were in an interrupted or discontented mood, as to -say, |Are these the practises you take in hand? be these your deuises? -hath your worthy courage endeuored so mighty effectes? But I will first -tame your courses, and for the residue, I wil hold you in so bridled -a meane, that my selfe will warrant you henceforth from any such like -further proceedings|. Or thus, |Vngratefull creature, hast thou dealt -wel with me in thus conspiring my ill that haue euer sought thy good? -Wel, I wil saie no more, but for thee & thy complices I wil take order -well inough to stay you|. Or otherwise by way of a fearful rehearsall -thus: |What euill was there whereunto we were not subiect? But whie -dwell I in circumstances? wee were the men allotted to that purpose.|= - -=_Zeugma_, when one or more clauses are concluded vnder one verbe, as -to saie, |His loosenesse ouercame all shame: his boldnesse, feare: his -madnesse, reason:| where all these clauses are concluded vnder this one -verbe, |Ouercame|. Or thus: |What auaileth it to shrine so much this -vaine beauty, which either by long sicknesse, extremity of old age, -infinite sorrowes and cares, or a thousand mishaps besides, is euery -day in daunger or subiect to bee vtterlie crased:| In which all the -clauses before going are concluded in this one verbe |is in danger, -&c.|= - -=_Syllepsis_, when one verbe supplieth two clauses, one person two -roomes, or one word serueth to manie sences, as thus: |He runs for -pleasure, I for feare|: where this verbe |run|, serueth to both -purposes: also thus: |But scorning so to be reproued, and with a manly -resolution by one stroke giuen, he acquited his shame, his credit, and -his person|, where this one worde |acquite| serueth to all clauses -aforegoing and following.= - -=_Prolepsis_, where some thing generallie first spoken, is afterwards -drawne into partes, as thus: |Let vs take vpon vs one selfe charge, I -to direct abroad, you to order at home|. Or otherwise: |Men diuerslie -do erre, some by an ignoraunt simplicitie, others by a most peruerse -follie.|= - -=_Pleonasmus_, where with words seeming superfluous, we do increase our -reasons, as thus: |With these eares I heard him speake it: Or with mine -eies I behelde him sorrowing|, where we well knowe that without eares -or eies, we cannot wel heare or see, yet carieth this kind of spéech, -|a vehemency in enforcing| the matter so plainelie, or throughlie to be -hard or séene.= - -=_Macrologia_, where a clause is finallie added to the matter going -before, in seeming more then néeded, as, |Men of so high and excelling -vertue, let them euer liue, and neuer die|, here |neuer die|, seemeth -superfluous, and yet notable wel adorneth the sentence.= - -=_Anastrophe_, a preposterous inuersion of wordes, besides their common -course, as when we say: for |faults, no man liueth without|, when order -requireth we should saie: |No man liueth without faults: Long when he -had confusedly thus liued|, for when he had long time thus confusedlie -liued.= - -=_Hysteron proteron_, where that which ought to be in the first place, -is put in the second, as thus: |After hee had giuen saile to the -winde, and taken the Seas|, for after he had taken the seas, and giuen -saile to the wind. Also, |That which of all others is most sacred and -permanent, honoured, and euer shining vertue, chuse vnto your selues:| -for chuse vnto your selues honored and euer shining vertue, which of -all others is most sacred and permanent: or, as commonly we say in our -English spéech, |Pull off my bootes and spurs.|= - -=_Tmesis_ of _Diacope_, a diuision of a word compound into two parts, -as, |What might be soeuer vnto a man pleasing, that had he|, for -whatsoeuer might be, &c. |Hither should he haue come to, when he -finished his argument|: for hitherto should he haue come, &c.= - -=_Parenthesis_, an intercluding of a sentence in any reason commonlie -set betweene two halfe circles, as thus: |I am content (not in respect -you deserue so much at my hands) onelie for pitie sake to hearken ynto -you|, the knowledge hereof is ordinarie, and therefore I néede speake -the lesse of it.= - -=_Hypallage_, when by change of propertie in application a thing is -deliuered, as to saie, |Darkesome wandring by the solitary night|, -for wandring solitarilie by the darkesome night, or the |wicked wound -thus giuen|, for hauing thus wickedlie wounded him. The vse hereof in -|Poesie| is most rife.= - -=_Hendiadis_, when one thing of it selfe intire, is diuersly layde -open, as to saie, |On iron and bit he champt|, for on the iron bitte -hee champt: And |part and pray we got|, for part of the pray: Also -by |surge and sea we past|, for by surging sea we past. This also is -rather Poeticall then other wise in vse.= - -=_Asyndeton_, when two or thrée clauses or more disioyned do follow -one another, as to saie |his house, his land, his purse, himselfe, his -life, were all at his commaund|. Or thus, |he scapte, he ran, he rusht, -and fled away|. Or otherwise, |thy fame, thy wealth, thy friends, thy -kin, and all hast thou lost togithers.|= - -=_Polysyndeton_, when in like sort by many coniunctions sundrie words -one following the other are vnited together, as thus, |Both sworde -and fire and dearth, three dreadfull scourges of the war were alwayes -attendant vpon him.| Or thus, |with faith and troth and plighted heart, -and loue he made him hers, &c.|= - -=_Hirmos_, where a continuance of speech is vsed, vntill the ende -of the clause, as |God in the beginning made heauen, earth, sea, -firmament, sunne, moone, starres, and all things in them contained|: -where you see all these words, |heauen, earth, &c|. haue all one -continuance vntill the last end of the sentence.= - -=_Epitheton_, when for ornament sake we adde vnto a worde, or for -mislike do attribute somewhat vnto the same, as when for ornament we -say, |Sweet beautie, precious loue, friendlie fortune:| Or contrariwise -in mislike, |vnbrideled lust, filthie gaine, wicked guile, deceitfull -fauour, fond fancie, &c.|= - -=_Periphrasis_, when by circumlocution anie thing is expressed, as -when we say, |The Prince of Peripateticks|, for |Aristotle|, the -|subuerter of Carthage and Numantia|, for |Scipio. A man studious of -wisedome|, for a Philosopher: |A man diuerslie enriched|, for one that -is wealthie, &c.= - -=_Liptote_, when by the lesse that is spoken, the more maie bee -vnderstood, as thus: What auaileth it that thou dost not despise me, -which is by the contrarie, |that thou louest mee|, the deliuerie -thereof is singular by the negatiue, for that giueth grace to the -|Figure|, as |it discontenteth me not to heare of you, but it griueth -me to heare ill of you. We are not so ignorant of things, but we can -perceiue somewhat|. That is in the one, |it pleaseth mee well to heare -of you|, and in the other, |we haue skill to discerne of things, and -thereby can perceiue somewhat|.= - -=_Paradiastole_, when with a milde interpretation or spéech we colour -others or our owne faults, as when we call a subtill person, |wise|: a -bold fellow, |couragious|: a prodigall man |liberall|: a man furious -or rash, |valiant|: a parasite, |a companion|: him that is proud, -|magnanimous|, and such like.= - -=_Meosis_, a maner of disabling, as when we saie, |Alas sir, it is not -in my power to doe it|: or otherwise, |little God wot could man doe in -such a case|.= - - - Schemes Rhetoricall, are - -=_Anaphora_, or |Repetitio|, where by rehearsall of one worde wee -make sundrie beginnings, as to saie, |Learning bringeth to knowledge, -learning maketh wise, learning enableth to vertue, learning is the -ornament of the minde, finallie, learning is the onelie substantiall -proppe and guide of mans life, without which nothing in a manner -can bee pleasant, nothing sauourie, nothing of value, &c.| Or thus, -|hauing committed so great euils, couldest thou yet dare to come in -open shewe of the worlde, couldest thou dare to shewe thy selfe in the -face of men, couldest thou dare to bee seene of anie one, that hast -thus generallie deserued to bee hated of all:| Or otherwise thus, |When -death commeth to chalenge his due, what then shall auaile beautie, what -youth, what riches, what strength? where then shall become thy landes, -where thy reuenue, where thy possessions? who shall argue thy cause, -who stande for thee, who plead for thee?|= - -=_Epanalepsis_, when with one selfe word, we doe both begin and finish -a sentence, the vse hereof is méerelie appropriate to |Poesie, Much -asked he of Priams state, of Hector verie much|.= - -=_Epizeuxis_, or a redoubling of a word, by vehemencie to expresse a -thing, as thus: |Thou thou art he on whom I liue to be reuenged. He, he -it was that wrought all my care. Thus, thus behooueth men of vertue and -courage to doe.|= - -=_Anadiplosis_, when the last word of a comma or member of a sentence, -is the beginner of another that followeth, as |heauens witnes my fall, -my fall more grieuous then may be well supported by common sorrow:| or -thus, |Fie, too much vngratefull, vngratefull to mee of all others, -that so much at thy hands haue deserued.|= - -=_Antistrophe_, where manie members are drawne to ende with one and -the same worde, as, |we haue our felicitie of vertue, our renowne of -vertue, our hope and expectation of vertue|. Or thus: |men from their -errours are reclaimed by loue, reclaimed by hope, reclaimed by feare|.= - -=_Symploche_, where sundrie members haue one selfe beginning and -ending, as thus, |If we shall debate of the times present, what is -I pray you the cause of all these euils? money: what hath beene the -decay of our estimate? money: what the ruine of our soules? money: what -the torment of our conscience? money: what the meane of all ambitious -aspirings, treacheries, and villanies? money: In fine, this cursed and -wretched title of gaine is it that bewitcheth all ages and seasons, -and that onelie by a seruile regarde and account giuen vnto money:| Or -otherwise thus in contempt. |What sillie soule wast thou when I beganne -first to like thee? nothing. What when I tooke thee? nothing. What -before I cherished and regarded thee? nothing. And now that by me thou -hast beene made somthing, thou esteemest me as nothing.|= - -=_Ploche_, when by an Emphasin, a worde is either in praise or -disgrace, reiterated or repeated, as thus: |Though Scipio were neuer so -much terrified with the Carthaginians in Spaine, with the Numidians in -Affricke, with aduersaries abroade, and with priuie enemies at home, -yet ceased he not to be Scipio still|, that is, _sui similis_, like -vnto himselfe still.|= - -=_Polyptoton_ or |Traductio|, when one worde is often repeated by -varietie of cases, as thus: |Who hath in his life nothing so much -pleasing as the verie life it selfe which he enioyth, it is impossible -that his life with vertue should anie wayes be adorned:| or by -translating of one worde into diuers formes, as thus: |What manhoode -call you this, so vnmanlie to deale in those actions, that speciallie -appertaineth to a man?| Here is this word |manhood| translated into -|vnmanlie| and to |man|.= - -=_Membrum_, or |Parison|, when one or moe members doe followe in equall -sentences, as thus: |See now by one fault how manie mischiefs thou -hast heaped to thy selfe, thou hast consumed thy patrimonie, grieued -thy parents, estranged thy friends, defamed thy stocke, vndone thy -kindred, and heaped mischiefe a thousand folde to thy selfe more then -can be auoided:| or thus with copulation: |neither hast thou herein -dealt discreetlie for thy selfe, nor respected thy frends, nor regarded -thy being, nor studied of the euill, nor cared for the good that might -happen, but leauing al at randon, thou hast done what in thee lieth to -worke all our vndoing.|= - -=_Omoioteliton_, or _similiter cadens_, when words and sentences in -one sort do finish togithers, as thus: |Weeping, wailing, and her -handes, wringing, she moued all men to pitie her|. Or thus: |Thou -liuest maliciouslie, speakest hatefully, and vsest thy selfe cruelly.| -Or thus: |Wee find it much better of wise men to be rebuked, then by -filthie flatterie to be fondly deceyued.|= - -=_Prosonomasia_, a pleasant kind of collusion in words, in -significations diuers, only by changing, detracting, or adding a letter -or sillable in a word, as to say, |No doubt he is a foole wise man|, -for a full wise man, |for a Doctor|, a Doter, or otherwise, |thou art -no bewraier, but a betraier of mens counsels. Of one religious thou art -become prodigious.|= - -=_Antanaclasis_, when we produce a word in a contrary signification to -that it commonlie portendeth: as to saie, |For my kindnesse you haue -vsed me kindly, meaning indeede you haue vsed mee verie badly. And I -can bee contented to pray with you though you pray not vppon me|. Where -this worde |kindly| is applied to the worser part, which of it selfe -carieth as wee see a far other meaning: and likewise |pray| in one -sence being to entreate, is in another sense intended here to spoile. -And as another said to a rude fellow, |you are too course to keepe -course in our companie|, here is |course| for rudenes, and |course| in -another sense for |good order|.= - -=_Erotema_ or _Interrogatio_, when by interrogation we sift out anie -thing somtimes by demand, as to saie, |But you sir, now frō whence -I pray you, deriue you your fancie?| by asseueration, as to saie: -|Haue you not in this action behaued your selfe excellent well?| By -commiseration, as to saie: |Alas what grounde may holde mee, what lande -or shore may possesse mee, circumuented as I am with so many euils?| By -vrging, as thus, |What hadst thou to intermeddle in so bad a company? -How long shall wee bee thus abused with so fained treachery? Art thou -not ashamed seeing thy purposes thus reuealed? Perceiuest thou not thy -driftes to bee all discouered?| By indignation, as to saie, |Shall I -yet couer thy villanies being at thy handes thus hatefully misused?| -or thus, |Wicked and peruerse kinde of people, howe long will you -thus hatefully deale with your fauorers?| By admiration, as to saie, -|Good Lord, who woulde haue thought so much loosenesse in so chaste a -countenance! But what is it that this blind and sottish loue draweth -not a man headlong into?| And lastly, by doubting, as thus: |What shall -I say, or what further speeches may I vse to withdraw you from these -euils?| Or otherwise: |Whither shall I turne me to speake vnto you, or -what wordes may I vse whereby to withdraw you from these vanities?|= - -=_Anthypophora_ or _Subiectio_, when to a question asked by vs, we -answere of our selues in our own reasonings, the maner whereof is -accomplished three kinde of waies, as first when wee obiect vnto our -selues that which to others might be obiected, and answere it againe. -Secondlie, when we do (as it were) vrge those we speake vnto to answere -vs, and so answering, do confute their sayinges. Thirdlie, when in a -deliberatiue sort we propound diuers things, and refute them all one -after another. Example of the first maie bee this. |Is this a maner of -discipline? Doe men in such sort deliuer their instructions? Had they -for this cause the authoritie of tutors to them giuen, that in vanities -and misliked pleasures, they who are committed vnto their charge, -shoulde consume their youth vnder them? Beleeue me I am of a farre -other opinion, neither do I thinke, that the reasonable time of young -men, being now fittest of all others for anie vertuous impression, -shoulde thus cautelouslie be deluded of that, whereunto both their -parents and birth do commend them|. Of the second, this: |Nowe after -al these proofes of the happie comming and acknowledgement of our -true and onelie Messias: Let me speake vnto you againe, yee Iewes, -enemies, and maligners of our sole and onelie God and Sauiour Christ -Iesus, with what reasons strengthned doe you persist in your madnes? -Stande ye vpon the Oracles of Prophets? Wee haue made plaine vnto you -that they are wholie for vs. Looke ye after Moyses? It was only of our -Christ, and none other that he that written. Waite ye on Types and -Figures? They all in one do agree to bee in him fulfilled. Preferre -you vnto vs miracles? Who could desire more then by him was shewed. -Bring you against vs a number of consents? Alas you onely bring the -smallest number, and lurking as it were in a corner, are the gainsayers -of trueth itselfe, sith the whole world round about you doth witnes -for vs. Doth the hope of any euent yet a little detaine you? Beholde -your temple long since subuerted: your sacrifices quenched, your Citie -rased, your people runnagate and dispersed, nor anie hope at all left -vnto you to be relieued but by the clemencie of the Christians|. Of -the thirde, this. |Tell mee I praie, what or wherein is it, that a -worldlie man hath such meane to glorie in? wherein shoulde hee bee -proude, or for what cause should he thus puffe vp himselfe in vanitie? -Is it for his riches? they neuer make a man either happy or blessed, -so farre off are they many times from anie such euent, as often wee -do see that they are the verie cause of their owners destructions, -they sundrie waies are meanes to inconueniences, and in our owne sight -forsake their maisters in their life times, but seldome followe them -for ought wee see to their graues. Is it for children? The keeping of -them is then of riches far more vncertaine. Is it in respect of a wife, -familie and other such like commodities? they are vexations, cares and -griefes, nothing in them stable, nor such as may induce a man to any -hoped tranquility, &c.| There is also of this sort another example, by -an immediate answere to euerie question, as thus: |Wherfore then is -the law? for transgressors, wherefore reward? for wel-doers|. Or thus: -|Where is now their pride? vanished. Where are their boasts? deluded. -Came they to aide vs? no, rather to suppresse vs. Came they to comfort -vs? no, but to kill vs|.= - -=_Antenagoge_, when hauing spoken as it were in the dispraise or -mislike of a thing, we goe about to helpe the same againe with a new -colour to the matter: As to saie, |It is a thing difficult to attain -learning, but yet verie commodious. It is tedious to trauell for sundry -knowledges, but vnto our liues it is a thing most necessary.|= - -=_Ecphonesis_ or _Exclamatio_, which hath signification of griefe or -indignation of a thing, as of griefe thus, |O cruell and lamentable -times wherein wee liue, subiect as wee are to so manifolde miseries!| -Of indignation thus. |O incredible boldnesse, or rather impudencie of a -shamelesse creature: not fit to bee suffered|. Neither is this manner -speaking, alwaies framed by the Interiection O, but rather otherwise, -as thus: |Vnhappie man, made vnhappie by so great a misfortune, what -vnkinde destiny droue him to so imminent a perill? Howe miserable and -vncertaine is the state and condition of man, subiect to so many and so -huge calamities?| Or otherwise, |What kind of people are you to rage in -so vile a madnesse? Was euer seene a multitude so fierce, a company so -carelesse, an assemblie so desperate? What inconsiderate dealing do you -vse? I shame to see you, & grieue to behold you, &c.|= - -=_Insultatio_, when iniuriously, or by a contumelious reproch we insult -vpon a mans doings, as thus: |Trudge on with thy mischiefs, proceed in -these thy insatiable cruelties, and he that hath power ouer al, wil -one day I hope correct thee|. Or otherwise, |Pursue I pray you your -glorious enterprise, you haue, no doubt, very waightily begun, & we -cannot but expect thereof a notable issue.|= - -=_Aporia_ or |Dubitatio|, when wee make staie or doubt howe to tearme a -thing, or which waie to wade in a matter, as thus: |What shoulde I say, -was it anger or an inueterate malice that led him to this mischiefe? -Shall I cal him cunning as cautelous, that procured it, and so well -could shift himselfe of it?| Or otherwise thus: |May hee bee said to be -beloued, or rather fortunate or blessed, to haue escaped such daungers? -is it to bee tearmed clemencie or rather piety to vse one so miserable -with great curtesie|. Or thus: |I am not well perswaded what course to -take in these causes, shall I begin where others haue left? or of my -selfe shall I renewe againe vnto you what you haue so often heard? &c.|= - -=_Paradoxon_, affined vnto that before, but with a kinde of maruelling -or woondering thereunto added, as thus: |Could it possibly bee thought -that learning and place of good education might euer haue produced such -monstrous effectes?| Or otherwise: |I haue great maruell that men so -generous, should so quickly be diuerted from their honest purposes|. Or -thus. |I woulde neuer haue beleeued that such graue and considerate -counsels shoulde so easily haue beene subuerted.|= - -=_Epitropis_, when by proposing a cause, wee reason what should -bee done therein, as thus: |In times so troublesome and seasons so -tempestious, giue now your aduise what is fit to bee done. If the -case were your owne, what would you doe, what would you say therein, -tell me I pray you, you that conuerse in these and such like actions, -I herein appeale vnto your wisdomes, your owne consciences, shewe me -but your mindes herein|. And this figure is vsed in reasoning, when as -to conclude a matter, and seeming loath to trouble the auditorie anie -further in the same, we pretend to reserue a great part thereof, which -we would refer to their iudgements.= - -=_Parresia_, or libertie to speake, when by winning of curtesie to our -spéech we séek to auoid any offence thereof, as thus. |Pardon if I be -tedious, the circumstance of the cause requireth it. If my speech seeme -vehement, the matter occasioning the same is vrgent. If what I write -seeme offensiue vnto you, you haue to mislike the ill disposition of -such as inforce it, and not with me to be agreeued.|= - -=_Apostrophe_, or _Auersio_, when wee turne our speeches from one -person or thing to another, as if one hauing spoken much of the vanitie -of the worlde shoulde thereupon turne and saie vnto the worlde, |O -world, how sweete and pleasant are the shewes of those things which -thou producest: but in taste, how full of too much bitternes?| Or in -speaking of the certaintie of death, and the little respect thereof -had, to turne a mans speach to death it selfe and saie, |O death, how -bitter is thy remembrance to a man hauing peace and plenty in his -riches, &c.|= - -=_Prosopopœia_ when to things without life wee frame an action, spéech -or person, fitting a man, as if we should saie of |vertue|, as of a -liuing person, that |her wayes were sweet, and replenished with all -maner of delight, that she putteth her selfe foorth to the woorthiest -to be receyued, and to the most honoured to be embraced|. Or faine -the |ghosts| from out their graues to prescribe good examples, or -to rebuke the vices of men. Or our |countrey| to accuse vs of our -negligent regard vnto it in these or suchlike speeches: |Vnkind people -and Citizens whom I haue ingendred in my bowels, nourished with my -paps, fostered with my delights, why doe you thus vngratefullie not -onelie abstaine to tender mee, but giue mee an open proy to my foes -to suppresse mee: yea, which is most loathsome of all others, become -proper murtherers and paracides of your owne parentage and familie, -cruell destroyers of your owne patrimonie, and wretched renders and -tearers of your mothers bowels, without all regard or pitie.|= - -=_Synonymia_, when we bring foorth many wordes together of one -signification, or sounding all to one purpose, as to say, |thou hast -spoiled thy Countrey, destroied thy Citie, and turned the Commonweale -topsie-turuie:| all which do sort but to one purpose, for the -expressing the hatefulnesse of the iniurie: or otherwise to say, -|What head hadst thou to deuise such a thing, where was thy wit when -thou wentst about it, what became of thy minde in purposing the same, -whither was thy discretion caried in the prosequution?| Here is |head, -wit, minde and discretion|, all sorting to one thing. Also, |what -desirest thou, what soughtest thou, what couldest thou wish or expect -in the action|. Here is |desired, sought, wish and expect|, being all -to one meaning.= - -=_Auxesis_ or _Incrementum_, where by degrees we not onlie rise to the -summe of euerie thing, but also sometimes go beyond, as to say, |Hee -first set vpon him with reproachfull wordes, after assayled him with -his weapons, then wounded him, and lastlie did moste miserablie murther -him|. Here by degrees is passed to the last exigent. Now to the second. -|It is euill to reproch, wicked to slaunder, villanous vnwarilie to -strike, detestable to murther. What shall I say to betray a man to -all these|. Here is now _vltra summum_, beyond all that was spoken to -the vttermost. The excellencie of this Figure is so much the more, by -howe much euerie degrée is still inforced one aboue another, and goeth -beyonde in comparison, as to say: |golde, riches, honour, estate, -treasure, kingdomes, life, and all he helde of no moment|. Another -kinde of recitall pertaineth also to this figure short in repetition, -but for vehemencie wonderfull, as to say: |Thou hast conspired the -death of thy Prince, and in her the subuersion of a whole kingdome, -what should I say thou hast conspired the death of thy Prince|. As who -would enforce that no one thing then that could be greater: Finallie, -for inforcement of a thing, to say in reprehension of follies. |If thou -hadst done or spoken this in a priuate audience, among men of the ruder -and meaner sort, among such as are lesse capable of skill then a great -many others, thy fault could not haue beene hid: but to doe it before -thy betters, in the presence of such as are adiudged both honorable and -wise, in the hearing of those of great account of such as haue power to -checke, and authoritie to compell thee, it was too peeuish.|= - -=_Sinathrismus_, a heaping of words diuersly signifying togithers, as -to say, |Hee was a man wholie malicious, exceedinglie proude, vtterlie -arrogant, altogither subtill, by nature cruell, and in speeches -contentious|. Or otherwise thus: |What should I tell thee further of -his partes, how wise, how sober, how honest, howe courteous, howe -friendly, how choicelie he liued.|= - -=_Brachiologa_, when in single wordes without anie coupling togethers, -we procéed in a broken kind of deliuerie, and yet hasten forward as in -the other: As to saie, |loue, hate, Ielousie, frensie, furie|, drew him -from |pitty|.= - -=_Antithesis_, or |Contentio|, when we amplifie by contraries, as to -say, |Being in my power to vse as I listed, I cared for thee, and did -not destroy thee. Thou wast charie vnto me whē no man regarded thee, -and when my selfe also might haue despised thee|. Or otherwise: |If -you doe that is good, you haue the rewarde of praise, if you prosecute -badnesse, your merite is euill|. Or thus: |To thy enimyes and those -that maligne thee, thou art placable: to thy friendes, inexorable. In -coole matters thou art hotte: in the hottest causes, colde: Art thou -called? Thou art gone. Thy absence required? we cannot be rid of thee.|= - -=_Epanodis_, carrieng a reference to the matter preceding, much like to -the figure _Prolepsis_, but that yᵉ figure _Prolepsis_, hath relation -onelie to the matter, this to the matter and tearmes therein vsed, the -difference whereof you maie see in some of mine epistles as the same is -quoted in the margent where the figure is vsed.= - -=_Comparatio_, which taketh his increase of smaller matters, which -if they may séeme great in all opinions, then that which we séeke to -amplifie must of necessitie séeme greater, sometimes also by diminution -of things great, to make the residue the greater, example of the first -may bee that saying of |Cicero| of |Catiline|, in these wordes, |Did -the famous Scipio for a little ill gouernment of the common weale, -cause Tiberius Gracchus priuatelie to bee made awaie: and shall wee -preferre Catiline that goeth about to fill the whole worlde with his -slaughters?| Here is |Catiline| compared to |Gracchus|, the state of a -common wealth to the whole worlde, a small sliding to an insufferable -wasting, and a priuate man to the whole Senate. Or otherwise thus: -|Tell mee I praie thee, if one had giuen thee but a small summe of -money to comfort thy neede withall, were it not humanitie to thanke -him: If hee had giuen thee possessions to liue vppon, were it not -honestie to requite him: If of a slaue hee made thee rich, shouldest -thou not bee bounden vnto him? Howe much more then to him that hath -not alonelie done all these, but farre more then these vnto thee, -oughtest thou in the verie bondes of nature and courtesie to bee both -thankefull and louing?| Example of the seconde sort for diminution -might bee this: |What is it that you propose vnto mee these small -matters of vnkindnesse, as that the man is ingratefull, that hee hath -no good remembraunce of courtesies, that there is in him not so much -as an acknowledgement, which is a thing farre from requitall, these -I must confesse are iniuries to some, but vnto mee they are trifles, -matters of no moment, things not to bee reckoned of: what say you to -him that betrayeth his friend, seeketh his death that hath sought his -life, worketh by all possible meanes his ouerthrow, his destruction and -vndoing?| And in this exaggeration of |vices|, so also might there bee -the like of |Vertues|, as if one should exhort a man to |Pietie|, after -hee had set foorth all the commodities thereof, as |the tranquilitie -of minde, peace of conscience, libertie of spirit, the communion with -Saints, from a bonslaue of the diuell to become the childe of God, the -comfort of the holie Ghost which the Prophet denieth may be by man -conceyued:| he might lastlie adde, |what thinges then these in all the -worlde could be greater, what more singular, what more happie, and yet -if they be conferred vnto that blessed heritage of immortalitie, if -to the life and ioyes to come, if to that heauenlie Ierusalem, which -certainlie remaineth for all such as are endued with such a spirit: -they are toies and things of no excellencie or moment.|= - -=_Metonoia_, when by a sudden restraint of spéech, wee giue grace or -mislike to a person, or thing, as to saie, |worthilie atchieued? nay -rather honourablie attained, a man notable|, we maie rather saie, -|singular: Ah cruell man|, and no man neither, but a |beast: Oh rare -clemencie|, or rather |most admirable patience. Hee is no thiefe, but a -rauener: no murtherer, but a tyrant.|= - -=_Aphorismus_, a |Scheme|, like vnto the other, but differing by a -maner of reprehension, as to saie, |What lawes bee these, if at least -wise they may be termed lawes, which beare in them so vile customs, -and not rather firebrands of the citie, and the plague of the whole -common weale|. Or otherwise: |your counsellers, if such may be called -counsellers, as draw vnto mischiefe, are vtterlie vnmeete to such kinde -of assemblies.|= - -=_Diminutio_, when we goe about to extenuate things difficult, to make -them lesse in seeming, as to one that would shun learning, for the -tediousnesse thereof in studie: We might shew, |that besides the great -necessitie thereof in the life of man, wee shall in attaining thereof, -take no other nor more laboursome course, then others before vs haue -done: that the way thereunto is verie plaine and easie, the labour -(if anie be) sweet and pleasant. And whereas in all our ordinarie -exercises of vanitie, there redoundeth for the most part in the ende -but meere trauaile, and vnprofitable charge: in this the commoditie -is as great as the delight, the gaine as ordinarie as the practise, -wherein the studie is but the least part of a mans life, but the -pleasure and commodity infinite|. And like as in this, so in all other -things, conducing to good and laudable exercises, the labour is still -diminished, by proposing the worthines, pleasure, honour, profit, and -so of euils commonlie, by mitigation of the fault.= - -=_Climax_, or |Gradatio|, when each member in a sentence ariseth from -the other afore going, beginning with that which endeth the former, -as to say, |His industrie bred him vertue: his vertue, praise: his -praise, renowne: his renowne, glorie: and his glorie enuie|. Or thus: -|What hope haue we of good, if what men list, they may; and what they -may they do, and what they doe they dare, and what they dare they -prosecute, and what they prosecute, they are neuer ashamed of.|= - -=_Antimetauole_ or _Commutatio_, when a sentence by charge is inuerted -to the contrarie, as thus, |We must eat to liue, and not liue to eat: -Not man for the Sabboth, but the Sabboth for man was ordained. They are -happy whose wisdome is answerable to their fortune, and whose fortune -answereth their wit.|= - -=_Sinæciosis_, when one contrary is attributed to another, or when -two diuerse things are in one put together, as thus. |The prodigal -and couetous doe offende alike, for neither doe liue as they ought. -Pleasure it selfe is sometimes a labour, and labour also is often a -pleasure. To a couetous man is wanting as well that he hath, as that -hee hath not.|= - -=_Etiologia_, a figure like vnto the other beforegoing, and much -resembling to _Orismus_, which defineth a matter by sorting the same -into a distinguishment: but this nowe telleth the cause or reason of -that which is before auerred, and is as a confirmation thereunto giuen -for the concluding of the same, you maie sée the examples as the figure -is quoted in my Epistles.= - -=_Paralepsis_, or _Occupatio_, when in seeming to ouerpasse, omit, or -let slip a thing, we then chiefly speake thereof, as thus: |I will -not here rehearse vnto you how slippery and transitorie this life is, -howe much laden with cares, exposed to daungers, and attended with -miseries, for we knowe it and feele it: But I will come to speake of -the perdurable ioies of the other, &c.| Or thus, |for my part I haue no -pleasure to laie open other mens errors, it is inough vnto me, that by -themselues they are made apparant, and that the whole worlde may see -them. I omit to report vnto you these and such like ordinary matters, -which in comparison of that I will shew you are but trifles. I tell you -not, or I talke not now of times past. It is not the matter wherein I -am now occupied. His theft, his rapine, his spoile, and all his whole -disorderlie course of life in those daies perpetrated, I nowe omit, and -onely doe come to the times present. His counselling (I had almost said -concealing) of good when time was, if it bee well noted, was it that -procured our mischiefes, &c.|= - -=_Procatalepsis_ or _Præoccupatio_, when we doe anticipate vnto our -selues that we know wil be obiected, as thus, |what do you obiect vnto -me the times passed, those seasons & ours are vtterly vnlike. But -peraduenture you will say that these things are for children fit to bee -considered, nay rather meetest of old men to be followed. You will -happely say vnto me herein, that I am too light of credit: but I can -tel you the proofe is extant, and fit to be beleeued.= - -=_Metastasis_ or _Transitio_, when in briefe wordes we passe from one -thing to another, as thus, |You haue hearde by this what you ought to -consider, heare now I pray you what you are bounde to remember. These -things you will say are pleasant, but the rest yet vntold are far more -delightfull. This already shewed vnto you seemeth to be tolerable, that -which followes is no waies to be suffered. I haue now told you what was -done in priuate, I will next shewe you what was handled in publike: -these things he did at home, that which followeth was abroade in the -fielde: whilst hee was a young man, hee did this I told you, but the -vertues of his age were far more different. You haue vnderstood of -maners, I will now speake vnto you of learning: I will not trouble you -with many things further, only this one thing will I rehearse vnto you. -But of these enough, we will now go to the rest. I haue somthing beene -caried away with these motions, but we wil now go to the substance. -But why stay we so long in trifles? I wil go to the head of the -matter: what he promised I haue deliuered, what he performed you shall -vnderstande: I haue thus shewed you how much he was charged vnto me, -you shal now heare againe how gently he requited me.|= - -=_Paramologia_, where we graunt one or moe thinges meete to be marked -or alleadged, and forthwith doe infer thereupon sufficient whereby to -ouerthrow it, as thus: |I deny not but I haue heretofore vsed you in -causes secret, in matters weighty and of counsell, that I haue found -you friendly, faithfull and ready: but what is all that to the purpose, -when in a thing so important, and matter neerly concerning me, as -whereon dependeth the safegard of my whole house and familie, I haue -founde you in both negligent and vntrustie|. Or otherwise thus: |Be it, -or suppose you haue omitted nothing in your owne person, of a friende -to be performed, that you were no partaker with him of those euill -counsels: that you abstained to accompany him in the execution of his -mischiefes, yet are you not therfore cleared. For it is not sufficient -for a man not to doe euill of himselfe, but that by to too much lenity -he become not occasion of an others mischiefe.|= - -=_Dichologia_, when by a colour of mitigation wee defende our cause, -as to saie: |I fell, I confesse, but as a young man, I went astray, -but as one willing to be reclaimed: I forsooke my friend indeede, but -constrained by the lawes, I was a companion in their badnesse, but -forced by threatning.|= - -=_Orismus_, _definitio_, or _finitio_, wherein we brieflie laie forth -the true properties of euerie thing, by impugning the contrarie, as -thus: |Men cannot be said in vertue to exceed, for in vertue there -is euer an excellency, but neuer an excesse, sith the excesse is -onely appropriate vnto vices. This cannot be said to be care but -couetousnesse, for care hath onely respect to necessary vses, but in -couetousnes, there is neuer any reasonable suffizance.= - -=_Hypotyposis_, when any thing is described in particular, or made -knowne to the viewe, as thus: |Shall I tell you what maner a one you -haue preferred vnto mee, for his stature, a Dwarfe: for his person, -a trunke: for his qualities a dog: for his countenance, a foxe: in -behauiour a swine: in condition, an Ape: in sense, an Asse, and in -vsage, a beast.|= - -=_Merismus_ or _Distributio_, when that as maie bee generallie spoken -we distribute for amplification into parts: as if in generalitie we -said: |He hath consumed all his substance in riot:| By distribution wee -might amplifie thus: |Whatsoeuer patrimony hee had from his father, -what priuate inrichment by his deceased mother, what large assistance -by friends, whereat the worlde neuer barked, what dowry soeuer by -his wife, which no doubt was very great, all this hath he consumed -by a most dissolute and wanton liuing: mony, plate, lands, wealth, -possessions and all, are gone to the deuil, his cattel consumed, his -houshold stuffe solde, his apparell spent, and the poore miser at this -instant hath not left him a farthing.|= - -=_Dialisis_, a separation of one thing from another, both being -absolued by a seuerall reason, in the nature of a |Dilemma|, as thus: -|When I haue preached vnto you all I may, if you bee well giuen it -auaileth, if graceles, forth you wil not be moued|. Or thus. |What -should I further set forth vnto you my good will, if you remember it, I -haue said inough, if not, my words wil not prouoke you.|= - -=_Dialogismus_ or _Sermocinatio_, an imaginatiue speach, agréeing -to the quality of the person it is framed of. Whether he be valiant -cruell, young, old, or of what other condition, as if we shoulde saie -of the times present. |Were the ancient Apostles and olde Fathers of -religion nowe liuing, which with great innocencie of life, and true -pietie, shined in their seasons, and should but beholde the most -corrupt and abhominable estate of our times, subiect as they bee to all -kinde of euils, would they not thinke, you straight proclaime against -vs the vniust name of Christians, and challenge vs for the great want -we haue of the true profession thereof? Would they not rather cry out -of vs that deluding ourselues onely with a vaine title or name of -Christians, we do not so much as seeke in the meane time to followe any -part thereof?|= - -=_Epiphonema_, or conclusion to a matter before shewed, as thus: |Of so -woonderfull force was his wisdome, which was able to compasse that in -short time, which a number haue diuerslie sought for, and could neuer -hetherto obtaine|. Or thus: |Such is the force of Nature which seldome -wee doe see is euer chaunged by anie colours. Much haue they forsaken -that haue cast all from themselues|. It is commonlie the conclusion or -making vp of a discourse or sentence by some pithie manner of speaking. -As if a man shoulde inueigh against drunkennesse, hee might thus -conclude, |Hee nowe that thinketh it parcell of humanity, by thrusting -on of many cuppes to driue his friend into drunkennesse, let him also -thinke it kindnes, by a venemous confection giuen, to driue him into -madnesse.|= - -=_Expeditio_, or _enumeratio_, when many reasons of auerment being -numbred togethers, we make a confutation of them, each one in -particular, as thus: |The goods in question beeing alleadged to bee -mine, it is requisite you prooue, either that you had them by chance, -that you haue long held or enioied them, that you bought them with your -money, or otherwise that by some gift you came to them, or lastly, in -succession that you haue obtained them. That you had them by chance it -cannot be, for they were not lost from my keeping. Long haue you not -held them, for they were alwaies till this in mine owne possession. It -is plaine you neuer bought them, for you paide mee no mony for them. -By gift you could not haue them, for the right was in me to giue them. -The succession must be void, for my selfe am yet liuing. It remaineth -then if you keep them, that liuing you doe cast me out of mine own -possession|. This chiefly appertaineth to the Iudiciall Epistles in the -state |Coniecturall|.= - -=_Cōmoratio_, when matters diuerslie enlarged, are yet staid vpon, and -lastlie brought into one short conclusion, wherby the reasons are -made more weightie, and of the greater efficacie, as thus. |What will -you make of this man, whom ye seeke in this maner to set free, you see -he is a man prodigall of his owne fame, & a lier in waite for others -credits, one full of guile, intemperate, railing, proude and ambitious, -to his parents most wicked, ingratefull to his friends, hated of his -owne kinsemen, stubborne to his superiours, insolent with his equals, -to his inferiours cruell, and finallie to all persons whatsoeuer a -creature most intolerable.|= - -=_Sententia_, A recitall of some graue matter by waie of a notable -saying or sentence, either by common custome admitted, or by some -authour deliuered, examples whereof are plentifullie to bee seene in my -Epistles.= - -=_Exuscitatio_, A prouocation or stirring vp of others to the praise -or mislike of a thing, as thus: |What one is hee of so slender or -contemptible a spirit amongst vs, or who of all our Nation woulde bee -counted so enuious, as vpon so great and large a desert had by a man -so woorthie, woulde not willinglie render vnto him all honour and -due commendation?| Likewise of the contrarie for dispraise. |Doth it -not abhorre you to heare and vnderstand of a rabble of so great and -vnaccustomed lewdnesse, a man euerie way so vile, to goe thus freelie -vnpunished? Surelie I doe thinke no honest minde but would be of this -opinion, that of all creatures liuing hee were most worthie to be -extirped.|= - -=_Omiosis_, The figure of resemblance or similitude, whereby wee -resemble one thing to another, as thus: |Like as they greatlie do -offend, who going to a publike well, whence all a whole citie hath -their water, do infect the same with a most deadly poison: Euen so do -they most wickedly merit of the common weale, who deprauing the mind -of a Prince, doe lade and frequent the same with most mischieuous -counsels|. Or thus: |Is it seene that men at the blast or byting of a -Viper, do shrinke, and forthwith do run for a medicine? How much more -ought they thē, for the auoiding of a most horrible shame, yᵉ infamous -sting wherof is far worse then all other poisons, to run to a remedie?|= - -=_Icon_, An image or artificiall description of that we meane to -deliuer, as if in setting forth our most gratious Soueraigne, we -shoulde saie, |That Goddesse like adorned with high aspectes, or -statelie grace and maiestie diuine. In Chariot deckt with Princelie -ornaments shee issued foorth, &c.| Or thus, laying out the dreadfulnes -of warre, |Fierce and vntamed warre with eyes sparkling as the flaming -fire, whose face caried in it selfe a terrour to the lookers on, and -his coūtenance was as it were a present death. His gesture was as -the furious assault of a Lion, and his mouth as a deuouring pitte to -swallow the bloud of multitudes. Armed hee was with fire, with famine, -and with sword, crying reuengement on the world, and persecuting all -nations with a ceaslesse dread.|= - -=_Paradigma_, a maner of exhorting or withdrawing by example, as to -saie, |the Elephants engender not, but in places most remote, and any -that by chance do see them in that time they kill. How much more then -behooueth that betweene those of reason, a shamefastnes be included -in executing that action|. Or thus. |The nature of the Dolphin is not -to suffer the yong ones of her kinde to straggle vndefenced, such -care haue they of their frie: How much more beseeming is it, that our -procreation which are men, should not be suffred to runne at random -without either guide or controlment.|= - -=_Pareonasis_, or _Digressio_, a spéech beside the matter in present -spoken on, as to saie, |But heere let mee remember vnto you something -of the deserts and eternized memorie of your worthie and most vertuous -Parents|. Or thus: |giue me leaue a little to digresse from this -purpose, to the ende that by laying out of something yet vnspoken of, I -may the better wade into the rest.|= - - FINIS. - - - - - Of the partes, place and Office - _of a Secretorie_. - - -=Considering howe many woorthie and excellent men, not onely in our -present age, but in manie yeares before vs haue liued, none of all -which (though questionlesse furnished with verie great abilitie) haue -to my certaine knowledge, euer written ought in our English tongue, -touching this title: It maie seeme questionable, how I the most -disfurnished of manie others, and subiect thereby to the insight and -correction of all others, durst take vppon mee to discourse thereupon, -weighing with my selfe the subiect I take in hand, to be of speciall -qualitie, and to none so much fitting as to those that bee greatest -learned, best aduised, discreetest gouerned, and worthiest ruled, -to treate vpon. Nor doe my selfe by such presumption of mine, déem -the same to be of lesse moment then it is. Howbeit, as one tied by a -former promise, in that my first edition of this present Methode of -|Epistles|, haue nowe taken vpon me (as you see) to write thereupon.= - -=Truth is, that as I am none of those that maie vaunt my selfe of any -furniture sufficient to so speciall an end & purpose, yet haue I not -bin in some time of the yeares I haue spent, altogither excluded from -any fauour or tast therof at all. Neither haue I whollie spent the -seasons I haue caried, so vainely, but that at one time or other I haue -(not without some considerate aduerting) eyed the demeanours, issues, -and dispositions of sundrie humors, by insight whereinto, and some -proofe made of that which my selfe haue practised in place of seruice, -I am bold in this onelie discourse, to aduenture the performance of -that I haue promised.= - -=In the discouerie whereof, my minde is not, nor shall be to prescribe -vnto any one, but to deliuer what in mine owne opinion, I haue -coniectured to be meetest in such a person. Wel regarding the number -of those who enabled by farre better skill, or guided by experience, -and their owne proper vertue, can both search and wade further therein, -then my poore abilitie may anie waies looke into. For which my purpose -is, and shall be in this present discourse, onlie to set forth vnto -such, whose vnripened yeers, or want of decernment, haue not yet made -them apt vnto so speciall a beeing, and qualitie: what in my plaine -conceit, vnto the place and office of such a one, meete and fit to be -a |Secretorie|, maie be thought most consonant and worthie.= - -=To the accomplishment whereof, as the best and méetest induction to -such a matter, it shall not bee to slender purpose, to speake first -of the name thereof, and to sift out by what meane the partie seruing -in such a place, had the originall title to be called a |Secretorie|. -You shall then vnderstande, that as me séemeth, by speciall reason and -iudgement, this name |Secretorie|, importing therein as it doth action -of great consequence, doth beare in it matter of more circumstance, -then by euerie one is considered, and by howe much the more honourable -the place of attendance is, where such a one doth serue, by so much the -more beseemeth the partie called vnto such seruice, be a man choice -and of worthie estimate, habilitie and iudgement. So then am I not -of opinion of the multitude, who holde that the praiseable endeuour -or abilitie of well writing or ordering the pen, is the matter that -maketh the |Secretorie|, (albeit the vse heereof is not the least part -of manie other things incident to the same |office=) but that carying -with it selfe a purpose of much weightier effect, the person therunto -named was as a deriuatiue from that which containeth the chiefest title -of credite, and place of greatest assurance that may be reposed, in -respect of the affinitie they both haue of trust and |fidelitie|, each -with the other, by great conceyte and discretion, tearmed to bee a= -Secretorie. - -=And albeit there happily maie be opinions some waies contrarying vnto -this my present deliuerie, touching the |originall| of this title: yet -standing directly assured that they all being laid togithers, must -of necessitie conclude on the verie |Secrecie, trust| and |regarde|, -speciallie imposed on him who beareth the same title: I will boldlie -for this cause define, that in respect of such |Secrecie, trust| and -|assuraunce| required at the handes of him who serueth in such place, -the name was first giuen to be called a |Secretorie|, and that by the -|etymologie| of the verie word it selfe, sounding in true coniecture, -_quasicustos_, or _conseruator secreti sibi commissi_, a keeper or -conseruer of the secret vnto him committed.= - -=By this reason, we do call the most secrete place in the house, -appropriate vnto our owne priuate studies, and wherein wee repose and -deliberate by deepe consideration of all our waightiest affaires, a -|Closet|, in true intendment and meaning, a place where our dealings -of importance are shut vp, a roome proper and peculiar to our selues. -And whereas into each other place of the house, it is ordinarie for -euery néere attendant about vs to haue accesse: in this place we doe -solitarie and alone shut vp our selues, of this we keepe the key our -selues, and the vse thereof alone doe onelie appropriate vnto our -selues.= - -=And if we should run but into the nature of things secret, and -consider by the name, what to such a matter is required, we shall find -that of it owne selfe it chalengeth so much, wherby with three things -most speciallie it is saide to be fortified, |viz.| with |couertnes|, -that it be closelie kept from the eyes, eares or vnderstanding of -others: |Safetie|, that securelie it be retained, and laid vp, both -with choice respect and tendering: |Assurance|, that by no mistake, -negligence, or defect of the partie hauing charge of such a secrete, it -may turne to a preiudice.= - -=Thus then by the concurrence of these, it appeareth that vnto euerie -|secrete| there is required a |Closet|, and the proper vse of that -|Closet|, is onelie for the |couertnesse, saftie| and |assurance| of -the |secrete|: all which considered, let vs nowe see, if you will, what -|analogie| or proportion they haue with our |Secretorie|.= - -=It hath beene alreadie before alledged, that by the verie |etimologie| -of the worde it selfe, both |Name| and |Office| in one, doe conclude -vppon |secrecie|: If so, then in respect of the |couertnes, safetie| -and |assurance| in him reposed, and not otherwise, the partie seruing -in such place may be called a |Secretorie|. The |Closet| in euerie -house, as it is a reposement of |secrets|, so is it onelie (as I saide -before) at the owners, and no others commaundement: The |Secretorie|, -as hee is a |keeper and conseruer of secrets|, so is hee by his -Lorde or Maister, and by none other to bee directed. To a |Closet|, -there belongeth properlie, a |doore|, a |locke|, and a |key|: to a -|Secretorie|, there appertaineth incidentlie, |Honestie, Care|, and -|Fidelitie|.= - -=And forasmuch as by the concurrence of these twaine, both |Name| and -|Office| doe seeme in vsage and account to be of so great waightinesse, -and that our |Secretorie|, as wel in title, as place standeth by such -declaration, ioyntlie tied vnto so district an obseruance: let vs now -a little further enter into the function and place he beareth in such -kinde of seruice, and consider that being in one condition a |seruant|, -he is at the pleasure and appointment of another to be commanded: -and being in a second respect as a |Friend|, he is charilie to haue -in estimate, the state, honor, reputation and being of him whom he -serueth.= - -=Touching the first of these, in that he is (I meane) a |Seruant|, it -is to be intended, that thereunto belongeth a |Superiour|, by whose -absolute direction, his actions of seruice, are to bee ordered and -commaunded. And notwithstanding the reputation, credite, and estate of -beeing, to him giuen and allowed by his |Lorde| or |Maister|, hee is -yet to consider, that the weight and summe thereof acrueth from his -onelie fauor, countenance, and good opinion, and that by howe much the -more, hee liberallie and of an honourable minde affoordeth vnto him -the respectes thereof: by so much the more seriouslie ought hee by all -possible endeuours of seruice and industrie, as farre forth as in him -is, to studie to conserue and vpholde the same.= - -=And herein seemeth it not fruitlesse to oppose vnto such a ones -remembrance, some part of the considerations pertinent and annexed -to the state of a seruant, and what dependancie in common reckoning -resteth betwéene him, who beareth in his sway the authoritie and rule -of a Maister, and the other, who in account that he is to be commanded, -carieth a maner of subiection to that partie, who for the time of such -seruice, is at his hands to bee reuerenced and obeyed.= - -=In regard of which, wee are to see, that by the title and prerogatiue -which euerie |maister| hath generallie ouer his |seruant|, there is a -certaine linke of dutie, wherewith each one that serueth is strained -to his obeysance. There is also by that very name of |seruant| a kind -of fidelitie and trust required, more speciall then that betwéene the -|sonne| and the |father|, and that of so great efficacy, as whereon -(peraduenture) may rest not alonely this disposition of the goods, -estate, & principall affairs, but also oftentimes yᵉ life, hazard or -vndoing of the person of his said |maister|.= - -=A |Son| cannot be saide to owe fidelitie to his |parents|, for which -cause there is also no breach of trust on him to be imposed. If he -deale contrarie to the condition of a |son|, the bond by which he is -strained proceedeth of nature, and so are his actions accordinglie held -for vnkind, or vnnaturall. But the |seruant| not linked by nature, is -tied in trust, and by contrarying of such trust, or not performing -thereof, is held treacherous or vnfaithfull. Besides, so great a -|predomination| hath this name of |fidelitie| in the harts of a number, -that many haue refused to commit themselues in times of hazard to -their |Children|, but rather haue relied themselues wholie on the -assurance of their seruants.= - -=And howbeit, most certaine it is, that |Nature| woonderfullie swaieth -manie times in her proper features, yet in this case hath she commonly -lesse efficacie then in any others. For as a currant of water loseth -his power in being turned backwarde, from his straightened course, but -hath forcible passage in the waie that it holdeth: so is |Nature| in -this action of |parentes| and |children|, which running forwards from -issue to issue, hath mighty operation, but when it should be returned -backwarde, hath seldome anie power at all.= - -=Contrariwise, whether it be the |honestie| of the name that leadeth -it, or the |common reputation| that each faithfull vsage carieth in -the eares of good men, or a |feruencie of affection|, linked properlie -to the place where anie trust is reposed, I will not now dispute vpon, -but questionlesse, of so charie regarde hath |fidelitie| alwaies beene -accounted, as immediatlie vpon the name of a |seruant| taken, it -seemeth not alone to be vnto the selfe title appropriate, but it is in -a manner by the proper allowance thereunto giuen, seuerelie exacted.= - -=Now, albeit this kind of exaction and charge, seemeth in the deliuerie -thereof to bee indéed verie great, yet when hee that serueth hath -performed all that in such case is to be required: he cannot for this -or that alledge, that hee hath effected anie more then whereunto by -the verie loyalty of a |seruant| he was enioyned, nor can hee rightlie -or properlie affirme, that by an extraordinarie respect more then he -ought, he hath accomplished the same. For that in things whereunto a -man is bounde, there can be no gratuitie opposed: but where a man -aboue that hee is charged hath further endeuoured, or more worthilie -attained, therein of troth, and not otherwise, shineth the greatest -praise and glorie vnto him that maie be.= - -=For this cause then doe I saie of our |Secretorie|, that as hee is -in one degree in place of a |seruant|, so is he in another degrée in -place of a |friend|. A |seruant| meanlie trained in some |Mechanicall| -Science, sheweth fidelitie to his Maister, in an vpright dealing and -disposition of his wares or goodes. Another in like sort hauing the -receyte of his Maisters reuenewes, becommeth a faithfull dispenser in -his accountes and reckonings. Some on the other side haue asmuch or -the like |fidelitie| in keeping of counsels. Others againe by a termed -zeale vnto their masters, haue in recognizing their |fidelitie| died -willinglie for their fauours.= - -=Of all these sortes of |Fidelitie|, the last as I am sure it hath -lesse seeming of credence or supposition of troth in common beléeuing -then anie of the others, so is it (you will grant mee,) the most -assured and most moouing pittie, prayse and commendation, in all -reckoning aboue anie of the others. And that such are and haue beene, I -could recite vnto you sundrie remembrances, and one but of late yeares, -that in verie sufficient knowledge fell out to be effected, and thus -was the circumstance, as my vnderstanding could beare it.= - -=When sir |Iohn| of Desmond in Ireland, some number of years -passed, of a rebellious and cruell minde to the state there being, -and principallie to her Maiesty, had solemnly conspired, and most -tyrannously sworne the death and destruction of all English men in -his Countrey, there happened one |Henrie Dauill| an English Gentleman -to lie, at that verie bloudie pretended season, in the house of the -saide Knight, and for two causes of him was thought entirelie to bee -fauoured, the one in respect that hee was his Christian Gossip, as they -there terme it (a linke strong inough to haue purchased fauour in that -Countrey, had it not beene with a most bloudie tyrant) the other, in -that hee was a Gentleman both courteous, bountifull and valiant.= - -=This Maister |Dauill| had at that time onelie an Irish boy attendant -vpon him, the time conspired for this murder was at midnight, when -all men careleslie were sleeping. About the watch whereof, sir |Iohn| -and his companie entring the Chamber of maister |Dauill|, wakened him -from sléepe, opened the conspiracie, and willed him to prepare him -to his lot, assuring him that were it not he had without exception -vowed in his heart, and sworn the death of all English men, he could -desirouslie, aswell for that he was his Christian Gossip, as for other -loue he ought him, haue suffered his life, but all being appointed to -die, he must go with the rest.= - -=The boy hauing receiued into his eares the sound of his masters death, -and therewith sundrie menacing strokes seeing readie to bee proffered, -stirred (no question) by a most zealous |Fidelitie|, clasped on his -masters breast, and with such slender resistance as hee coulde, did -beare off the blowes, receyued vppon his owne bodie diuers and sundrie -wounds, and doe what they could, no one could pull or remooue him from -thence, till fretting rage kindeled in these mercilesse creatures, made -them kill the Boy vppon his maister, and his Maister vnder the Boy, -both at one instant togithers.= - -=The memorie of this acte, as it is most pitifull in rehearsall, so -will it of a number bee thought verie strange. If anie |Fidelitie|, -haue by feruencie beene accounted off, this you will iudge of anie -others ought chieflie to be embraced. But yet not this, nor anie of -the residue of those partes of |Fidelitie| by mee alreadie deliuered -are such, as in this place I hold meete to be pursued. For howbeit -the seruice of our |Secretorie| is properlie by it selfe with all -|assurance| to be caried, yet doe wee not place him in so meane a degree -as that by corruption of coine, he might be held for distrusted nor on -the other side would we haue him of iudgement so disfurnished, but that -touching the difference of counsels, or tender of his life, he should -make a decernment.= - -=In this Boy voluntarilie as hee did, in the verie weakenesse of his -yeares, to seeke by death his Maisters safegarde, was no doubt, a -thing woorthie to bee admired. But in manifestation of so great loue, -and testimonie of so loyall affection, had hee beene by yeares more -enabled, it would haue beene thought verie fondlie of to haue done it, -without thereby his Masters death might haue beene reuenged, or his -life preserued: Els to what end is |Fidelitie| applied, or what vse at -all in reckoning, remaineth there of it?= - -=By |discretion| to discerne, by |vertue| to iudge, and by |wisdome| -to resolue, how and which way the efficacie and assurance of all -|trust| and |fidelitie| ought to be caried, is a thing meetest in -all reputation principallie to be obserued. How can there otherwise -appeare anie worthinesse, if affections sort to bee equall, or what -distinguishment may there be of spirits when mens iudgementes are -common.= - -=|George Castrioth|, surnamed |Scanderbeg|, the terrour while hee -liued, and onlie man able to confound the |Turkish| forces, during his -infancie, hauing bin trained vp with |Amurath| father to |Mahomet| the -second Emperour of the |Turkes| (for that in the conquest of |Epirus| -by the same |Amurath|, the father of |Scanderbeg| being slaine, and his -|Signory| subdued vnto the |Turke|, hee was then with others led awaie -into |Turky| a captiue.) When hee arriued to manlie yeares, and serued -with great fortune and valour the saide |Amurath| in his warres: it -happened that being in one great battell as generall of the |Turkish| -Armie against the |Christians|, and fighting against |Hungarie|, a -remorse of conscience tooke him, in that hee being the sonne of a -|Christian| Prince, professed in Christianitie, and vowed to God, -should so wickedlie become the confusion of his brethren, and warre -against |Christ| and his kingdome.= - -=And albeit he was neuer vnfortunate in anie fight, and at that time -likeliest of al other to attaine the victory, yet regarding the state -and maner of the conquest, he faintinglie withdrew, & with great -discouragement vnto his people, gaue power vnto the enemy to be at -that time a conquerour. Which done, himselfe with a few chiefe and -principall persons his associates, tooke themselues together in flight.= - -=In this company, was a noble Gentleman, wise in behauiour, faithfull -in counsell, and secret in trust, at that time |Secretorie| and of -counsell to the great |Turke|. The place of their residence seruing -well to the purpose, him |Scanderbeg| (being of the others assured) -tooke onlie in hand to acquaint with his enterprize. And forasmuch as -his credence with the saide |Amurath| was such, as in the repose of -his troth, rested both Signet, and warrant sufficient, to put forwarde -whatsoeuer direction or commaund in anie the |Turkish signories|, vpon -paine of death to be obeyed, |Scanderbeg| declaring his wearisomnesse -of captiuitie and seruage, desire to visite his kingdome, and liking -after that to liue at liberty a |christian|, and therewithall howe -often the |Turke| had promised to restore him, and yet still brake with -him, enioyned the |Secretorie| to write letters of command in the -|Turkes| name, to the Deputie or rulers of his fathers kingdome, that as -their lawfull Prince and gouernour they shoulde then at that instant -without more delaie receiue him, and thenceforth renounce and put from -them their wonted charge and authoritie.= - -=And albeit the power of |Scanderbeg| was in that place great, and the -|Secretorie| nothing misdoubted at all his resolution, and therefore -feared too much to contradict him in the same, knowing also that if -he assented to that demaund, hauing yet libertie to depart, he might -timely inough aduertize the |Turk| to the preuention: yet vsed he -neuerthelesse so manie effectuall speeches as for the present he could, -to disswade him: which not preuailing, hee assented at last for feare, -and wrote as he required him.= - -=The Letters orderlie signed and sealed, as to the importance belonged, -|Scanderbeg| knowing the great wisedome, fidelitie and counsell of the -|Secretorie|, thought it nowe a matter of no small worth, if by any -facility he could win him also vnto his companie, to passe in the same -iourny, or otherwise if he refused, then déemed he fit that he should -not returne aliue, to carrie newes to the |Turk| of his determined -iourney. And therefore first with as manie kinde entreaties and offers -of all honour, fauour, estimate, and aduauncement that could be, he -assailed him, he proposed also the expectation of his own fortune, -valour, power and strength of the euerliuing God whom he serued, that -was able to defende them, and all possible meanes that otherwise could -bee deuised to mooue him. But none of these in fine preuailing, he -lastlie set before his eies, that vpon such refusall, hee for his owne -best assurance must be enforced to kill him.= - -=Which maner of spéech, albeit mooued in the |Secretorie| diuers -alterations, yet chose he as the most honestest part, no wayes to -defraude the trust in him reposed, especiallie by assistance in -his owne person thereunto giuen. And seeing he could by no meanes -escape with life, aduised suddenlie rather to die in the handes of -|Scanderbeg| for that he had alreadie done, then in so manifest an -action of disloyaltie, to be found a principall actor of treason -against his Lord and maister.= - -=Great is the linke of |Vertue| whereby the mindes of men singular are -manie wayes bound, neither falleth it out in those of weake spirite -and capacitie to become partakers of the praise due vnto so high and -honored excellencie. To men baselie conceyted, there is neither respect -of troth, loue, honor, duty, or other matter whatsoeuer, whereby -to drawe them from a sensuall appetite or carnall desire of their -owne liuing, safetie and commoditie: But to those who are the sworne -schollers of |vertue|, to whom true glory is of price, who solie haue -in estimate to make choyce of things worthie: In these it sorteth to be -a shame, what others reckon for laud: to them a preiudice, what many -hold for gaine, they contemning by a sole |vertue| and discréete choice -of the minde, what is besides or lesse then that which accordeth to the -true honor and reputation of well deseruing, cannot content themselues -to liue where their credite dieth, despise wealth, where honour is to -be pursued, neglect reputation, where loyaltie is not entertained, and -expect no fidelitie, where consequently the effects of an honest and -woorthie mind, are not principallie to be caried.= - -=As then, by what vse soeuer applied, I do in al things commend -|Fidelitie| and |Trust| to be performed where by districtnesse it is -chalenged: so nowe doe I in the carriage of this our |Secretorie|, -sort him forth properlie from the residue by a difference, for -where in persons of lesse conceite, and lower respect, some vsages -are commendable, in him they are to bee presumed, as no wayes to bee -doubted of: neither is it to be expected, that the mould of such a one -should be so subiect to imperfections, as that in common & mean actions -he should thinke to be praised: séeing that where any breach of those -parts in men lower conceyted might be found, it woulde in them be helde -as in comparison a thing no more then might be doubted, but in him -would it turne to a most vituperable basenes with such intendments to -be spotted.= - -=And as I thus sequester him from the ordinarie vsage of what held to -be liked, so doe I againe drawe in him a speciall choice, of things -high, and worthie beseeming, aboue others (lesse considerate) in all -things to bee carried, and wherein the summe of his fidelitie shall -onelie be required. For seeing that by reason of the place wherein hee -standeth of imployment, by reason of his supposed education, birth, -qualitie, or other decernment, by reason of the waight, more then of -common trust, in him diuersly imposed, he séemeth to be a man euerie -way proportionate to a farre other end & purpose, then of euerie -ordinarie attendant is commonlie required, it must néeds thē be of such -a one coniectured, that by far greater skill & measure he be in euery -of his actions demeaned, yᵉ with much greater modestie, care, respect, -consideration and integritie he doe by such meanes temper all his -outward and inward behauiours, and iudgements, as beeing himselfe in -reputation a Gentleman, and conuersing among such as haue discretion to -deeme of a Gentleman, hee may least of all be touched with anie thing, -that lesseneth or il beséemeth anie part of that, which principallie -may appertaine to a Gentleman.= - -=And whereas in any other attendant it is a matter praise worthie, to -be beautified or aduanced by some one or other speciall |vertue| or -qualitie, in him it is of necessitie, who by how much the more néerer -he is in frequentation of any honorable place or calling, by so much -the more néedefull is it, that he be accordinglie furnished wherewith -in séemelie and laudable sort, to enter and approch the same. And as -in the seruice of euery one whatsoeuer, it is specially required, to -be endued with all parts of dutifull attendance & loyaltie: so is it -for him to excell, and bee different, because in his imployment, trust -and otherwise, there is exacted at his hands a far greater scope and -efficacie, then wherewith anie other seemeth to be charged by anie -proportion or qualitie.= - -=By this measure nowe of |Fidelitie, trust| or |loyall credit| of a -seruant, in which place our |Secretorie|, as you see standeth bounden -by the first degrée of his seruice, it maie secondlie be coniectured, -in what respectiue estate, he ought for the residue of that which to -his attendance appertaineth, bee accounted a |Friend|. The limits of -|Friendship| (as it might bee obiected) are streight, and there can bee -no Friend where an inequalitie remaineth. Twixt the partie commaunded -and him that commaundeth, there is no societie, and therefore no -|Friendship| where resteth a |Superioritie|. But I say and affirme, -that if it bee true, that the summe of all |Friendship| taketh his -originall of loue, and that the true demonstration of loue groweth by -a |simpathie| of affections, of which affections |Vertue| is said to be -the whole & simple ground, then may this |simpathie| of affectiōs so -groūded on |vertue| as aforesaid, be turned into loue, notwithstanding -yᵉ inequality of estate or condition whereby a man vertuouslie -disposed, being seruant to such a one who is honourablie inclined, may -in that place of seruice in which he continueth, be reputed in processe -of time to become as a friend.= - -=But if we shall goe to the true definition of friendship, you will -then saie, that this friendshippe so called and reputed among men, as -it is a |simpathie| of affections firmlie vnited togithers, so is it -such a vniting, as wherein what the one coueteth, the other desireth, -in respect whereof worlds and life, and all are not desirable, but -despised, I would not here be taken, that of any sorts of people that -run into all or a number of these like effects, without exception of -qualitie, I intend, that they therfore were also to beare the name of -|friends|, for so men vtterly vicious and lewdly giuen, consorting in -wickednes, and other base exercises, in which each spendeth his life, -or desperatlie dieth one for another, might be reputed as |friends|, I -haue no such meaning, nor is my intent herein to so generall a purpose. -But speaking of |friendship|, I only deale with such, whose actions and -sincere desires haue in |vertue| highest preheminence, for these, not -by aduenture, but by a deliberate counsell and choise regard speciallie -had, of things valuable and worthy, do accomplish their effects by a -most honourable purpose.= - -=To this then I answer, that if the weight of |friendship|, so -consisteth in a |simpathie| of affection, vniting of hearts, coueting -anothers good, and despising all that maie be gained, in respect of -the partie befriended: whie yet maie not our |Secretorie| as well as -any other, merit neuerthelesse in this place of seruice at the handes -of his L. or master, the name of a |Friend?| Why should he not therein -aswell as anie other haue that power in him planted, whereby to become -a |Friend?| Touching the equalitie of affections, though it is still -laid down that therein ought to be no difference, & the |commander| -and the |commanded|, do yet alwaies make a discordance: I maie -neuerthelesse thus much deliuer thereof, that by all common likelihood -it is assuredlie to be coniectured, that no one personage of estate, -laieth choice vpon such a one to serue so néer about him, and to be in -place of so great trust as appertaineth to a man of that reckoning, -but ere he long haue vsed him, he bindeth vnto him at least some good -part of his affection. For how can it otherwise be thought, but that -our |Secretorie| being one euerie waie so waightilie to be imployed -as he is, partaking as he doeth with so manie causes of importance, -and vndiscouered secrets and counsels, standing as he must vpon so -neere attendance, as hee that is almost (as occasion serueth) euerie -minute of an houre to be vsed, but that to his L. or Master, he must of -necessitie bee verie charie, and at the leastwise more particularlie -then manie others, by a great deale to be beloued.= - -=He then thus finding in so noble a place, so honourable an account, -our |Secretorie| being as he ought to be, a man of |vertue|, and -|worth|, cannot chose on yᵉ other side, but frame his vtmost -thoughts correspondent in all things to those particular fauours, -his conuersing, his neerenesse and attendance, turneth then to an -affection, and this, heated by the dailie encrease of his Lord or -maisters liking towardes him, groweth thence to a feruencie, and -so each |vertue| kindled by the others |Grace|, maketh at last a -coniunction, which by the multitude of fauors rising from the one, -and a thankfull compensation alwayes procured in the other, groweth -in the end to a |simpathie| vnseparable, and therby by all intendment -concludeth a most perfect vniting.= - -Panutius|, the faithfull |Secretorie| and counsellour to the great -Emperour and Philosopher surnamed |Aurelius|, for the high |wisdome, -fidelitie|, and counsell by him in all his seruices continued towards -the Prince during his life time, and euen to the verie entrance of -his graue, deserued before manie others, (secrete also in aduice to -the said Emperour) to be termed and called by the name of a |friend|. -Insomuch as he onelie daring to speake plainlie, what in others -iudgements might séeme to be offensiue, & to perswade faithfullie, -what he saw most agreeing to the present extremitie, made the Emperour -pronounce himselfe fortunate, to haue nourished one so discreet in his -Pallace, and most blessed of all, in that when each failed him in his -dying, he onely was found assured vnto him, among all that were liuing.= - -=In this friendlie knot of loue, and that of seruile commaund, -remaineth a most notable difference, especiallie for this matter of -|trust| and |fidelitie|, required in seruice, for, _quem metuunt -odiunt_, whom men feare they hate:| well may they for fashions sake -please, but this sound kinde of affection is often far from their -thought. And yet that there may bee an awed reuerence, aswel in |loue| -as in |feare|, who doubteth it, yea and that rather far more assured -and effectuall then the other. For where this grounded |Loue| by -|vertue| once staieth confirmed, the humilitie and gentlenesse of the -mind is it immediatlie that afterwards directeth the thoughtes, we then -doe gladlie honour the more, by how much the willinger we desire to -serue, and more firmlie obeie, by how much the more entirelie we stand -to be fauored. This friendlie |Fidelitie|, not vrged or constrained by -soueraign command, but of a zeale to weldoing voluntarily embraced; -leadeth the reputation and estimate of our |Secretory| to be receiued -as a friend.= - -=As of |Fidelity|, besides |Credit| of |counsell| and |riches|, there -are sundrie other branches, and diuers deserued partes that seriouslie -may bee commended, so are there of |Friendship|. The association of -both twaine, combineth and knitteth together all other perfections. -Which granted, vndoubtedlie must the partie frequenting so great -a place of seruice, proue then to be a person of right speciall -commendation, of answerable |vertue|, and of noted discretion. For that -in doing seruice to his Lorde or maister, it séemeth a matter incident -to his accompt, and to the better effecting the name of a friend, -that in causes vrgent and néedfull, he be not vnpurueyed in his owne -person, wherewith discreetlie, as occasion serueth, both to aduise & -counsell (the very efficient matter wherin his enabled discretion may -with greatest singularitie be performed) the assurance whereof, by -credit of most memorable antiquities, hath not onlie framed that of -loyall seruantes, such haue bin entertained as faithfull friendes, but -also hath not beene slender occasion manie times, to the preuention of -sundrie vehement and dangerous mischiefes.= - -=To accompanie the troubles, miseries, calamities and infortunities -of him to whom we are this waies, or that waies in our seruice linked -or beholding, or to beare willinglie, and with a sufferable mind -for his sake, whatsoeuer in declaration of our vertue seemeth to an -honest disposition, to be either incident or appertaining, no man -verely denieth, but that they are assured & notable demonstrations of -a verie exquisite performance. But what of that? the propertie and -excellencie of this vertue is not therefore alwaies in that one only -sort to bee caried, neither with the greatest estimate and commendation -that thereunto is appropriate, is the worthinesse hereof whollie to be -commended.= - -=To preuent mischiefs sometimes, and by a warie foresight and care had -of the honor and reputation of our commander, to fence (if need be) -the same by a politicke deuise, without preiudice, from any touch of -disgrace or dishonour, to disswade or dehort faithfully, from things -impeaching or offensiue to their estates or nobility to reueale the -hurt they know not, or causes important wherunto they are nothing -priuy, to counsaile deuoid of flatterie, and to oppose the good that -least harmeth, and the euill that hath neerest remedy: these things -as in their seueral considerations, they can as sufficientlie as anie -others declare a man to be endued, both with rare knowledge, and right -excellent vertue, so who doubteth, but that the most slender of them -all, weigheth as déeply as any other in cause of |Fidelity|. And yet if -anie more speciall liking in one thing then other be to be attributed, -where comonly men do seem to haue generallie well deserued, then -of necessitie must the same greatlie rather insue where euils most -preiudicing are foreseene and auoided by politick wisdome, then where -vnskilfullie they are entred into, carying in their bosomes, either -extreame hazard or ineuitable vndoing.= - -=Much is the felicitie that the maister or Lord receiueth euermore -of such a seruant, in the chary affection and regard of whom affying -himselfe assuredlie, he findeth he is not alone a commander of his -outward actions, but the disposer of his verie thoughts, yea he is the -Soueraigne of all his desires, in whose bosome hee holdeth the repose -of his safety to be far more precious, then either estate, liuing, or -aduancement, whereof men earthly minded are for the most part desirous.= - -=Of all the abuses that haue beene or at this daie remaineth in the -attendance of honorable personages, there is no euil so secret or -pernitious, as is the venome of flatterie, the couert seating whereof, -in men of all ages, humors, qualities and complexions, hath for the -most part taken so vehement and deep impression, as it seemeth almost -irrecuperable in the greatest sortes and numbers of persons to be -auoided. The daliance of this daintie clawback is smooth, the entrance -pleasing, the progression subtill, the continuance forcible, but the -ende falleth out euermore to bee deceitfull.= - -=Men infected with this kinde of scurrilitie, and basenesse of -condition, being in proper designments |Curri-fauels| of the world, -it is no maruell if hauing in common request, all shewes possible of -graffed and sound demeanours, they slide manie times into the opinions -of the most notable and worthiest, for they haue learned by art to -acquaint themselues at the first with all sorts of humors and fashions, -and being of their owne dispositions so placable as they be in all -things, it is with them a maner of sacriledge, to bee found slacke or -contrarious in anie thing, _Dicunt?_ saie they, _Dico, aiunt? aio._ -Finallie, resoluing trustilie to deale no waie, they deuise how it may -be possible to frame themselues euery way.= - -=These and such as these impugning the plaine and simple drifts of -honest meaning, haue alwayes a face of brasse, wherwith to shooue -forward, and to forestall what by the shamefast entendment of anie -other, seemeth bashfully to bee pursued, they are still pressing on, -and euermore sliding, but if they once get handfast, or happilie be -after strained from the hope of that they would, their loue then and -attendance immediatlie thereuppon die at one instant togithers.= - -=Iniurious me séemeth, and too perillous is the approaching of these -priuate whisperers, whose inward conuersation, as in the verie first -conceit and discouerie thereof, it appeareth vnto a man vertuously -giuen, to be altogither odious, so vnto him that intendeth purely of -himselfe, they are in the seruices of Noblemen euermore most thwarting -and malicious, insomuch as if such a one staied with honestie, woulde -neuer so faithfullie, simplie and trulie endeuour himselfe by all -parts of dutifull care and loialtie, hee shall yet neuer want of those -peruerse créepers, that by one cautelous suppose or other, will still -be before hand, wherwith if it be possible to disgrace him vtterlie.= - -=That these and such other actions of vilitie, commonlie handled, as -they are in honorable places, do become oftentimes barres to good -meaning, and stumbling blockes to plaine dealing, there needeth (as I -thinke) at this present verie small question. Neither would I be so -misled, as to déeme that there wanteth either insight or iudgment -in many noble personages to discerne them, for they are discerned &, -oftentimes spurned at, I know it right well, but what of that? This -beeing also a common practise and occupation of the worlde, smoothlie -to slide through all thinges, and to meane trulie in nothing, it is no -maruell if by the too double diligence of such men, some one or other -happen now and then to be deceiued.= - -=But forsomuch as it is of necessitie; that euerie honorable estate -must and ought to bee serued, and that where a multitude good are in -attendance, there ensueth cōmonly to be among them some few that are -euill, either of an annexed propinquitie or opposition of good and -bad, vertue and vice, emulating or rather enuieng as we see the daily -progression each of the other, or else for that the world something -addicted to peruerse manners, sendeth forth often times such imps -of her substance, as become monstrous disturbers of euery honest -endeuor. It shall notwithstanding behooue him whatsoeuer, whose end -& expectation stretcheth to yᵉ sole desert, that of euerie laudable -purpose is rightly to be attained, either in abstaining from anie -occasion of blemish to his vertue that may happen, to resolue with -himselfe neuer to serue at all, or seruing, at the least wise so to -arme his conceiptes for all maner of such like disgraces as that he -maie content himselfe in that being but trulie censured as he ought, -the ende of his determinations are certainlie to be adiudged honest, -albeit his ill hap perchance such, as therby he attain neither liking -nor preferment or if either he stand in present, or be in possibilitie -to attain fauor, then not to be discouraged in the honest prosequution -thereof, by anie practis or enuie whatsoeuer, resting in himselfe -firmly assured, that time or the true discernment of him whome hee -serueth, shall at length yéeld scope to that, whereunto by true degrees -of |vertue| he sought to haue aspired.= - -=And séeing that in all causes of zeale and loue, where the mind is -tied by an entire desire and care of weldoing, to him whom once in -conceipt it seemeth to growe chary ouer, the force thereof seldom or -neuer passeth lightlie at the first, without some blocke or other laid -before it, whereby to hinder or discourage the proceedings alreadie -determined, and that so farre forth as one while a man supposing -the fidelitie of his seruice might at a time be fully effected -and discharged in the requisite deliuerie of some present aduise & -counsell, yet terrified perchance, or otherwise disswaded with the -resolution, mightinesse, or nobility of his L. or Maister, or fearing -to be argued of presumption, or else in setting downe the desire he -hath of safegard vnkindlie to be mistaken. It shall not therefore -be consonant to this our |Secretories| place of seruice thereupon -immediatly to become silent, or so to suffer the euill which himself -clearly séeth, to passe vnregarded, especiallie when the case is either -weightie, or neerelie otherwise concerneth his nobilitie whom he -serueth, for so should he by a kind of |Pusillanimitie|, become guiltie -of the verie occasion, how great soeuer the same should happen, which -somtimes lying in his credit or counsell, to haue impugned, he of a -weak disposition abstained neuerthelesse to see preuented. And yet is -it not (néeds must I saie and confesse) a matter altogether vntried, -that men vaingloriouslie minded, or arrogantlie otherwise intending of -their owne proper seruices, notoriouslie oftentimes do fal into this -vain of presumption, who pricked on with the credit and fauour to them -giuen by their L. or Maister, and foolishly conceiuing thereof to lead -their thoughts in a string, do ignorantly or péeuishlie thereupon, -take in hande manie times to direct them in their serious affaires -or counsels, and controlling in their inward thoughts whatsoeuer is -besides or contrarying to their own opinions, do of seruants become -|sawcie:| of men modest, |malapert:| of aduisers, |arrogant:| and -consequentlie, running into euerie misprision of others, and what else -appertaining to a regarde of other mens actions, appeare at length so -imperious, as by the sole default of their owne misdemeanours, they are -turned at the last quite forth by the elbowes.= - -=The defect hereof, so far discrepant as it is, from the steadie kind -of gouernment hereby throughout concluded vpon, needeth not I thinke in -the framing of this our |Secretory|, to be anie further forewarned, who -by shaking from his own person anie part of the vilities that in others -may seeme chieflie to be discommended, is herein to be ascertained, -that in nothing so greatly can the excellent vertue or condition of -any man shine, then in not first committing anie action that may -appeare vile, or hardlie to bee borne withall, and next in suppressing -so much as in him is, whatsoeuer commendation or liking dulie to -bee annexed to his owne proper deseruing, wherein |humility| fréede -from all maner of base and seruile purposes, shall then sufficientlie -instruct him, that |curtesie| is a vertue, |lowlinesse| a thing annexed -vnto |gentility|, to bee |proud| is a vice, to be |contemptuous| a -filthines, |simplicity| is found, |deceipt| to be abhorred, |Loyalty| -a matter in estimation, |Flattery| to be held abhominable. I will -not here dispute how much excellent and néedfull it were vnto their -estates, that the neerest attendance of honourable personages, were -with men of such vertue and knowledge in this sort frequented, neither -carping at sundry enormities, would I therby deuise, to draw forth -vnto you a man vnmatchable in qualitie, and whereof the worlde or -anie heauen besides, scarce yéeldeth either shadow or propertie, but -proposing the worthiest partes which of euerie one absolutelie are -fittest to be acquired, I do only endeuour to laie down no other matter -or ground, then wherewith men that be speciall are at this date helde -to be endued, and such as in all ages heretofore haue been thought -meetest to be followed.= - -=What should I lade this discourse with numbred examples vnto you -of the great estimate and regard of those, who to kéep their faiths -inuiolable to their Lordes, haue some of them beene so iealous of -their honours, as for the safegard thereof, haue by great aduisement -made a voluntarie aduenture of their dearest liues: some againe with -great loue and fauour, entertained and reputed of by their Lordes, and -not able in their seruices as they thought, during their life times -sufficiently to compense the loue and especiall zeale they beare vnto -their Honours, haue afterwards vnto their children beeing in great -disgrace with the state present, so fully effected the fruits of their -welwishing, as that by the tender accompt, reuerance and loialty to -them proposed, they haue right well declared that not vnto times alone -of estate & fortune, when little regard of such things might be at -their hands expected, their vertues haue been limitted, but chieflie in -extremity and times of want, wherin their sundry fruitions, haue bin in -most aboundant maner supplied. Others likewise charged on the death bed -with the secret affaires of their L. to be kept in speciall care and -reckoning from the knowledge of other men, could not by multitudes of -fauors, by threatnings, or other large offers whatsoeuer, bee so far -seduced, (as when the dead was quite passed and gone out of the world, -whereby they néeded not at all to haue doubted) they would yet be led -in the least iote of al, to defraud the trust in them reposed, but haue -kept the same inuiolable to their vndoubted commendation, and further -increase afterward of good liking to a far greater credit.= - -=Infinite are the remembrances that of these, and suchlike occasions -are and haue béen dailie recorded, the multitude whereof for breuity -I do omit. Contenting my selfe that of these two chief and principall -matters of seruice, I haue thus far forth alreadie in generalitie -debated, leauing therefore what els to bee considered therein to the -known ability of others, I procéed vnto the next part that in the -continuance of this discourse was at the first intended. And forsomuch -as the exercise of these and such like peculiar vertues and qualities, -appertaineth not, as I haue partly before deliuered, vnto men that -are of meane spirit, to such as bee naturallie touched with anie bad -or vile coercement, capacities that be insensible or ignorant, such -as haue want of education, or whose demeanors are to vertue wholie -insufficient. Let vs then more particularlie if ye will see what maner -a one he ought to be touching his person, habilitie, and condition, -that to the worthines and reputation hereof séemeth a man méetest and -most allowable to be chosen a |Secretory|.= - -=For the deliuerie whereof, and the better to finde our |Secretory|, -as neere as either may bee gessed, or framed, such and none other -indeed as in true and perfect meaning hee ought to be reputed, we will -distinguish the seuerall considerations and respectes of such a one, in -three special points sorting to his office, solie and fullie in this -place to be considered.= - -=The first shalbe of the person, touching his education or being: the -second of his conuersation and order of liuing: the thirde of his -sufficiencie, by skill, knowledge, and abilitie wherewith to discharge -the place of his calling. Formerlie then touching the regard of his -person, it is requisite, that hee be descended of honest familie or -parents, the efficacie whereof conduceth not a little to the coniecture -of a sound and honest condition: that he haue also had good education, -whereby the minde well disposed is often times framed to verie good -purpose. That he be of shape & countenance proportianable to those -required vertues, forsomuch as commonly ensueth, that |Nature| in -producing of all her creatures maketh in them effects answerable -to their seuerall constitutions, as to flowers of most exquisit -proportion, she giueth the most excellent fauour; the dog is not shaped -like the lion, nor the curre as the Spaniell: the Rennet tree is not -as the Crabbe stocke, the one bearing an Apple, wholsome, delicate and -pleasing, when it commeth to be tasted: the other putting forth of the -knures, no other then the sappe of Vertuyes, when the best of it is -inioyed.= - -=By the countenance we doe further also iudge of the qualities and -disposition of men, insomuch as the verie markes of fauour haue not -too many iudgements proued weak discouerers of some peoples good or -vntoward conditions, wee haue likewise in euident testimonie, that -ill disposed nature confirmed by custom, seldome degenerates from the -kind either whence it is sprung, or wherein it hath long time beene -nourished.= - -=To mankinde there happeneth in the bodie manie deformities, which -arising not by the defect of |Nature|, so much as by ill vsage -of those, who haue had charge ouer them, cannot be amended, but -being produced by |Nature|, doe portend some one or other notable -inconuenience: To beautifie such a shape with vertuous and honoured -actions, is vndoubtedlie praise worthie, but to accord vnto faire -lineaments, portraied with requisite and daintie fauour, a mind -corrupt, base, wretched and vile, that of all others is the most -greatest and noted deformitie.= - -=|Diogenes| being of one passing by, rebuked of his preposterous shape, -and hard kinde of fauour, aunswered, |I with my vertues doe ornifie my -shape, but thou with thy lewdnesse disgracest thy fauour.|= - -=Touching the iudgement of nature by the outward face, many things -might be alledged that diuerslie haue beene decerned, the matter wherof -néeding small proofe, more then our owne common experience, I surcease -to debate vpon, seeing my meaning is, but out of sundrie apparances -to drawe forth the greatest likelihoode, and thence to repose a -foundation consonant to yᵉ module or compasse of this my present -intendment. Onely let this be laid down for a certaine, that the finest -ware receiueth the fairest figure, and purest mettall the brightest -colour, the damaske Rose carieth the swéetest fauour, and the most -pliable part of |vertue|, is by greatest obseruance planted in the most -proportionate feature.= - -=This being then sufficiently spoken of the person, let vs now go -to the |Conuersation|. This |Conuersation| séemeth vnto me in three -points, or speciall notes to be considered: that is, in the |Qualitie, -Disposition| and |order of companie|. Touching his |Qualitie|, it is -requisite, that first and aboue all other, he be a man sequestred -from all kind of pride, arrogancie or vaine conceiuing of himselfe, -for that the infection of these, are steppes vnto all maner of -disorder, contempt, malice, and presumption whatsoeuer: that he be not -litigious in argument, as one vainlie giuen to contend: that hee bee -no ordinarie scoffer, or friuolous deluder of other mens speeches, -gestures, reasons, or conditions: that he be no quareler, lewd speaker, -priuy carper, slanderer, or sinister backbiter of other mens actions, -or laudable indeuours: but contrarie hereunto, that he be in spéech -gentle, in gesture friendlie, in lookes familiar, in talke courteous, -in argument not obstinate, but giuing place to better opinions, that -gladlie of euerie one he do suppose the best, be readie to excuse -infirmities, and to salue imperfections, that in ieasting hee become -not another |Democritus|, or in carping a |Zoilus|, that his tongue, -eie, and thoughts, be indifferentlie framed to iudge trulie and -impartiallie of euerie one: that of all thinges hee abhorre priuate -quarels, and open contentions, and as the rocks of |Scylla|, doe eschue -of anie one absente sinisterlie to speake, or otherwise to enforme -against them, for that in these qualities and conditions properlie, -each one carieth a decernment of that which néerest appertaineth to a -Gentleman.= - -=Now touching his |disposition|, it is exacted at his hands, that hee -bee not a man gluttonous, or that he bee not ouer much subiect to -drinking, for drunkennes ouercommeth the mind, dulleth the memorie, -enfeebleth the wits, maketh a man forgetfull of himself, the reputation -he beareth, and the company wherein he sitteth. |Wine| saith _Ouid_, -is the discouerer of secrets, & maketh a man often commit, yᵉ which -afterwardes turneth to his great preiudice: in wine the regard of a -mans selfe, and likewise all others vanisheth, the respect of his -credite also and place wherein he serueth: a man giuen much to wine, -hath no maisterie ouer himselfe, and is not to be trusted with matters -that be important: a man talkatiue and one giuen to wine are both -likened togither in disposition, for in the one the strength of the -liquor inforceth to speake what he ought not, and in the other the -volubility of the tongue, giueth vtterance many times to what it should -not: |Speech|, saith the wise man, is a thing naturally giuen to euery -man, but he that ordreth his words by discretion, seeth the way to -wisdome.= - -=This vertue of ordring and kéeping the tongue, is vnto our -|Secretorie| not the least of manie other points wherewith he ought -especiallie to be charged, in him that is disposed to speake much, -it cannot but ensue that his often babbling must néedes at one time -or other, giue proofe that hee hath in himselfe as little |secrecie| -as |silence|. To preuent this inconuenience, wise men haue obserued -in nature a most notable and singular prouidence, who to the intent -that men by her verie instigation, might be commended to |silence|, -hath giuen vs two eares to heare, and an attentiue conceyte, whereby -generallie to debate and consider of all things, and but one mouth to -speake, giuing vs in testimonie thereby, that we ought to heare much, -to know much, to vnderstand much, and to speake but a little. Besides, -that the tongue whereby deliuerance is made, she hath first closed in -with our téeth, and them couered againe with our lippes, forewarning -still thereby, that nothing ought thence to be discouered in hast, not -without especiall regard and district obseruance. For in this case -also discréete |Nature|, after we haue once receyued into our eares -the sound of anie thing, she thence preferreth it immediatelie vnto -the minde, and thence to the heart to be censured or considered vpon: -and last of all vnto the tongue, to whose lot, as last of these it -befalleth to bee partaker of it, so ought it from thence carefullie, -and not without especiall cause to be deliuered.= - -=The |diuine Philosopher| foreséeing in man, the manifolde -discommodities oftentimes ensuing by loosenes of the tongue, where all -others were teachers to speake wel, he only taught his scholers to -vse silence, iudging therby, that the vertue of the toung consisted -not soly in speking, but how or by what occasion to vse yᵉ same, and -vnderstanding first how to restraine the thing, that of it selfe -was plyable ynough to bee vsed without measure, they might easilier -find mean afterward to speake oftentimes to good purpose, and not to -accustome themselues as they did before, to prattle without order or -anie good or reasonable parte belonging to discretion.= - -=For this cause |Silence|, as the first gard of all affaires, beeing -either secrete or important, is (vnto men seriouslie occupied or -imployed in the same) directly to be commended. Which maner of -|Silence|, as it fullie instructeth in causes serious and of waight, -to speake nothing more than néedeth, so conueieth it also into the -residue of our behauiours, a modest and choice kind of gouernment, in -all actions whatsoeuer, either of question or argument, to bee with -discretion pursued.= - -=How much it importeth vnto our |Secretorie|, to haue notice of the -true and perfect vse hereof, who aboue al others ought rightlie to -know and discerne, how, where, when, what, and to whom hee ought to -speak, and when, and wherein, to be likewise silent: it may by the -reasons aforesaid be sufficientlie collected. For ought his speech in -troth to be so ordinarie as other mens, who for the moste part limit -themselues neither to time, place, occasion, or company, the which in -our |Secretorie| is, and ought to be farre otherwise. And as touching -the affaires, secrets or counsels committed to his charge: It is in him -principallie to aduert and consider that he is but the closet, wherof -another hath both the key, vse and commandement, that he ought therein -to be as a thicke plated doore, where through, without extraordinarie -violence no man may enter, but by the locke which is the tongue, and -that to be of such efficacie, as whereof no counterfeit key shoulde bee -able to make a breach, without the selfe same instrument that by the -director thereof is alwayes to be caried. By reason whereof, he is of -méere trust and fidelitie in him reposed, to become warie of his wayes, -and to take the course néedfull, whereby the least occasion of breach -thereof may preciselie be auoided.= - -=Ouer and besides all this, it shall further appertaine to the -disposition of this our |Secretorie|, that in shewing himselfe affable -to all, he doe not either by reason of his birth, qualitie or estimate -that he hath of his L. or maister, goe about to abuse or wrest the -simplicitie of any one to a bad end or purpose, but rather enforce -himselfe gladlie to vnderstande the sutes of the meanest, and to giue -them aide and furtherance to his vttermost: herein shall hee not a -little aduance the honor of his L. or maister in preferring the iust -and lawfull petitions or complaints of the poore, & in helping them to -yᵉ spéedie dispatch of that, wherwith by reason of their simplicitie, -they oftentimes are greatlie incumbred. It behooueth also so much as in -him is, that he auoid all kind of intemperancie, eyther of choler or -too much furie, that hee dispose not himselfe to vile or vnbeseeming -tearmes of basenes or surquedrie, that hee with the two extreames -of couetousnes or prodigality be not touched, that naturallie he do -incline to good, and hate the badnes of any, that he abhorre flatterie -as a Toad, and giue himselfe of anie particular action, either to be -vtterlie silent, or els to speake trulie.= - -=Lastlie now, touching the third point of these thrée, consisting in -order, |appertaining to companie:| Néedfull it is that our |Secretorie| -haue in speciall remembrance the auncient saying, that common -experience giueth to all men for approoued, which is, that |Such as a -man of himselfe is, such alwayes are they with whome he conuerseth.= - -=If therefore of his owne mind and disposition a man endeuoureth to -bee good, and so to liue and be accounted of, him then beseemeth -chieflie to haue respect to the companie hee holdeth. For which -occasion, the Philosopher aduiseth, that men being good, doe choose to -haue familiaritie with men that are best, to the intent that by the -societie of them, their |Vertue| may haue encrease, and themselues -learne to become better. The corruption of young men, by nothing so -much accrueth, as by the slender respect they haue of those with whome -they do accompanie, for that it resteth assuredlie out of doubt, that -the euill example and encouragement of one vile and ill disposed -person, hurteth more a great deale oftentymes in one dayes companie -kéeping, then seuen yeares endeuour afterwards, maie release by anie -good instruction. Herein also the rather resteth vnto our |Secretorie|, -a most principall regard thereof to be had, forsomuch as not the -conuersation alone, wherein he is choiselie to be affected, dependeth -therupon, but the matter also of his ouerthrow and discredit, for -who séeth not in often apparance, that men simply conceited, and of -their owne proper instinct verie well giuen, are more discredited and -condemned many times, by occasion of the company wherinto they haue -aduentured, then of anie apparant euill that in their owne persons -rested publiquelie to be decerned.= - -=Hereunto accordeth the proofe of all common societie, wherein men -onely of those that know them are iudged as they be, but in generall -reckoning, are euer censured according to the goodnesse or badnesse of -those, with whom they liue familiarlie. It followeth therefore, that -|Who so will no euill doe, must doe nought that longs thereto|, for in -good men it is not alwayes inough of themselues wittinglie not to haue -committed anie euill, but hee that desireth to be good indeed, ought -not so much as to become an occasion or slander of euill. If men would -but throughlie enter into the weight of their estates, and trulie -consider with themselues what of dutie appertaineth to verie reputation -indéede, they would not then think it ynough to be in this credite, -or that place, or thus countenanced, or that waie enriched, arming -themselues onelie thereby with vainglorious titles, but therewith -would also deepelie imprint, that them likewise behooued by certaine -especiall insight had into their owne wayes, so to order and direct -themselues, as therby deseruedlie they might beare the selfe same -account whole and vnblemished, which in opinion they haue caried, the -which cannot anie wayes bee, without in all their outward and inward -actions, they doe beare an especialleie to the matter of their owne -credite. And what one thing is there in the world (to him that by true -degrées of |vertue| endeuoureth to be aduaunced) more charie then the -account and estimate had of his name and fame? What one good more -excéeding, nay what life can be more precious? Much therefore ought the -regarde hereof be in choice vnto our |Secretorie|, as that which as an -action most singular I haue iudged fit to be exposed in this place vnto -him.= - -=Hitherto haue we endeuoured in person and behauiour to find a man méet -and conuenient to the purpose hereof, wherein my intent hath béene not -to omit anie thing which to that place and calling might anie wayes be -adiudged necessarie. Now the circumstance of these procéedings leadeth -vs next to consider of our |Secretories| abilitie.= - -=In this consideration, it falleth out, that for asmuch as his -|Office| and |place|, calleth him altogither, or for the most part -to the handling of deepe and weightie affaires, wherin his capacitie -shall sundrie wayes be exercised, and his wits throughlie tryed, -it behooueth he therefore be furnished with |Skill| and |knowledge -=accordinglie, whereby the better to be adapted, vnto the ordinarie -vsage and employment thereof. To this end it befitteth that he bee well -studied, especiallie in the |Latine| tongue. It is likewise conuenient -that herewithall he haue a ripe and quicke conceit, aptlie to receiue, -what on a sudden shall be to him deliuered, and that he retaine with -himselfe a sound and good memorie, for the conseruation of those things -that vnto his charge shall daylie bee committed. He ought for his owne -furniture and instruction to bee a man not altogither vnexperienced, -to be well languaged, to bee sufficientlie read in |Histories| and -|antiquities| of times passed, to haue notice both by reading and -conference, of the situations, customs, maners & conditions of men, -cities, countries, & common weals, to haue familiaritie with strangers, -and men of diuers nations, whereby the better to bee ascertained of -their humours, behauiours, and dispositions: and wiselie to worke -vnto himselfe a peculiar insight into their estates, counsels and -iurisdictions, béeing there withall warie that this association with -such kind of people, worke not vnto himselfe, or the affaires wherewith -he shall bee credited anie matter of preiudice.= - -=Now is it a matter often séene, and in common vse almost to be found, -that a great many of men otherwise discréete, learned, experienced, -and for their seueral callings questionlesse of very good deliuerie, -and euery way to be deemed sufficient, some also that in the |Greeke| -and |Latine| tongues are verie well studied, and are also with the vse -of forraine languages laudablie indued, that notwithstanding haue not -in themselues the facultie and vse of well writing, nor can orderly, & -vpon a sudden lay down without much adoe, and that many times also in -very preposterous maner when it is done, what to anie extraordinarie -purpose seemeth to bee thought meete and conuenient. Some againe in -whome there is lesse |Skill|, greater |Ignorance| of learned knowledge, -and farre meaner application euerie waie, wherewith to bee enabled -with sufficiency, haue neuerthelesse a |Conceipt| so rife, and are -in |wit| so prompt and capable of any thing laide before them, as by -and by there wanteth not (though in truth when they haue done, they -cannot learnedly answere for it) neither |inuention| nor |imitation|, -wherewith in very commendable sort to performe what them seemeth good, -on a sodaine to deliuer in writing.= - -=What shoulde be the cause hereof, I cannot else déeme, but onlie -a méere instinct of Nature, who seuerallie poureth her giftes in -their creation vnto euerie one, whereunto others (exempted from that -proportion) doe seldome by anie |Art| or |Studie| reach vnto, yet is -|Exercise| no doubt in those that haue any fauour of learning, hereunto -a great furtherance: But he that in this place must bee applyed, how -learned so euer he bee, must a little giue place vnto his Schooles, -and frame his penne and order of practise to pursue that forme of -writing, which plainest meaning and aptest speech, hath in common -deliuerie, the indeuour whereof howe difficult the same will bee to one -beeing rife in discourse, my selfe haue had some priuate testimonie, -notwithstanding Vse and continuall Practise I knowe, is that which in -time ouermaistreth all things.= - -=To the beautifying then of this part of our |Secretorie|, it is -néedfull that he be somewhat therein ayded and furthered by |Nature|, -to the intent his inuention to euery seueral occasion, may be -the more easie and proper, and that without any often blurring or -enterlining which commonlie happeneth to those, in whom long studie -seemeth so hardly to hew out their labours, as if by a manner or -kinde of inforcement, the same from a hard rock were violently to be -drawne forth and caried, which |Bluntnesse|, as I maie tearme it, of -|Conceite|, is not in this part of seruice in anie wise to be admitted. -Neither am I for all this ignorant, how manifoldlie it often befalleth -vnto diuerse the readiest wittes, that at some one time more then at -another, they haue lesse abilitie, and much harder is their deliuerie -a great deale, in matters exquisite to be performed, then vsuallie -otherwise is by ordinarie triall vnto them accustomed: the occasions -whereof may be diuers, whereby the sences are manie wayes dulled, as -by too much replexion of meates and drinkes excessiuelie taken, by -too great studie and often musing, driuing therby into a melancholie -passion, by motions too intemperat, happening vnto the mind: and -finally, vpon sundrie other instincts and occasions, which I cease to -remember, all which being offensiue as they are, vnto the necessarie -regarde of this our |Secretories| attendance, it standeth him greatly -vpon by all possible meanes to represse them, to the end that his -wittes being as néere as by endeuour can be compassed, alwaies in one -self state and readinesse, he maie not in times suddenlie requiring -effectual and present dispatch, appeare any waies disfurnished, of -that which at his handes, is and must of necessitie in this place bee -required.= - -=It is not then learning alone (as you see) that is able to make a man -meet to this kind of practice and study, but naturallie to be besides -indued both with |wit, vnderstanding|, and |memory| whereby to lead and -conueie those necessarie euents, that in this place are dailie to be -frequented, and therewith to haue likewise care and regard, with modest -and discreet maners and behauiours to preserue and keepe the same -forces, whereby he may be the more readilie prouided (as I said before) -for all times and purposes. Neuerthelesse, how much needful it is to -that place more then ordinarilie to bee learned, yea with the greatest -abilitie and perfection (if it were possible) to bee also euerie waie -adorned, I haue alreadie sufficientlie laid downe before hande, and -still do propose the waight thereof, as a respect amongst others to be -most especiallie imbraced.= - -=In this maner haue we by sundrie degrees endeuoured to lead along our -|Secretory| vnto his appointed |Place| and |Office|, wherein we haue -first discoursed largelie of the function hee beareth, respectiuelie -touching his seruice: next to frame him both in |Person, Birth, -Education, Qualitie, Disposition, Conuersation|, and |Abilitie|, -a man meete for that purpose. It now resteth, that as the finall -determination of this labour we deliuer vnto him his office. Of this -then the parte especiall and intendment most principall, consisteth, -(as by experience is found) in the vse and exercise of the |Pen|, the -|Wit| and |Inuention| togethers. The abilitie so exactlie before -required, and discoursed vpon, is herein nowe to be put in practise. -To the execution of this office, it is requisite the |Secretory|, be -for the perfection of his hand, in the varietie and neat deliuerie -of his letters in writing, singularlie to be commended, that he haue -with himselfe also therein a verie readie vse, quicke, and speedie -conueyance for dispatch, that warilie he giue heede to obserue the -order, methode and forme to him from his Lord or master deliuered: -forasmuch as in discharge hereof he is vtterlie to relinquish anie -affectation to his own doings, or leaning herein to anie priuate -iudgement or fantasie. His pen in this action is not his owne, but -anothers, and for this cause the matter to him committed are to depend -vpon the humor of his commander, and not vpon his own or any others -directions.= - -=Hereof is he excéedingly to becom studious, and a zealous imitator in -all thinges, to the intent that knowing the effects of his Lord, with -what ends and purposes they are caried, & vnto what forme and maner of -writing he is speciallie addicted, he may the more easilie and with -better contentment discharge that part of his seruice, wherein by -continuall occurrents he shall haue occasion daily to be imploied.= - -=He is in performance of this charge, to bee a man watchfull, diligent, -carefull, industrious, not giuen to ease, to auoid all occasions of -slouth, to the end, (as I said before) by continuall exercise of his -wits, to retain his spirits apt, & his memory fresh. For |Idlenes| of -it selfe is the proper nourishment of manie other euils, the hinderer -of each good purpose, and the deformed monster of al humaine exercises. -Whilest |Idlenesse| attacheth the bodie, it giueth scope to ill -thoughts, occasioneth distemper, maketh vnweldie to labour, breedeth -wearisomnes of vertuous exercises, entiseth to vanities, corrupteth -with pleasures, and feedeth a man with trifles. If therefore there -shall bee anie time vacant of affaires vnto our |Secretory|, (as all -seasons are not alike wherein still to be occupied) the same shall he -deuise, either in pleasant recreation to bee spent or in some other -honest exercise or studie, wherein whatsoeuer is not improper vnto a -gentleman, shall be to him in speciall choise and as an action fittest -of all others to be receiued.= - -=His office is likewise to entertaine all maner of suters vnto his -Lord, to conceiue and vnderstand of their seuerall occasions, and how -much or how little, they or anie of them do import, to answer the -dispatch of the greatest with as much facilitie as he may, and those of -lesse moment with discretion to remooue, and put backe, to the ende the -walkes and passages of his Lorde be not with the vaine and friuolous -demeanors of fond people too often encumbred.= - -=He ought also to haue regard to times and places conuenient wherein to -mooue his Lord vpon anie speciall or vrgent occasion, or in which he is -to prefer vnto his presence or hearing, the person or cause of any one. -To see that the same returne not offensiue vnto his priuate liking, -that the furtherance thereof bee not in times when hee is soly disposed -to particular studies, or that he is otherwise busied in matters -of estate or counsell. To consider first of the qualitie of euerie -sute, and condition of the partie as neere as he maie be informed, -ere he take vpon him to acquaint his Lord with the parts thereof, and -accordinglie, if he see cause, in his owne person to answere the same: -for it is not seemelie he should trouble his Lord vpon euerie light or -ill beséeming suggestion. To be circumspect in the dispatch of euerie -thing to him deliuered, and in matters of weight and charge, to be -also prouident and wary, heedfully intending to the safe disposing -of whatsoeuer requisite, from the eyes or knowledge of anie other, -whereunto none so much as himselfe ought to become priuy.= - -=He is likewise to auoid all maner of delaies, and not to accustome -himselfe in any wise vnto negligence, for that the vse hereof in -ouerslipping of small trifles, induceth manie times, to pretermit -things of larger circumstance, and of farre greater moment. It standeth -him vpon in the exercise of his office to bee alwaies as neere and as -readie as may bee, in his ordinarie attendance, for so much as being -vpon a sudden to bee vsed, it is needfull he be alwaies at hand, -and is intended that his absence cannot therefore anie long time be -spared. In conclusion, it is meetest in all things, that so far forth -he bee addicted vnto his present seruice, as that in respect thereof -hee become vtterlie sequestred from all priuate regarde or affection -of anie thing, sounding to his owne appetite. Finallie, being a -man fauored or entirelie reputed of in his office, hee may not for -anie friendship, corruption or gaine whatsoeuer, by anie sinister -practise, colour, or meanes, go about to abuse the countenance and -credite to him giuen, by his Lord or maister, nor couertlie thereby -suggest, or informe any thing, wherewith the good opinion of himselfe -may afterwards be hazarded, or by the graunt or assent of his Lorde -thereunto giuen, there maie iust cause acrue, whereby thereafter a -great deale lesse he may deserue to be trusted.= - -=In these particularities haue I at last concluded, & brought to ende -the sum of all my former trauell. The |Secretory| is nowe accomplished -& by all respectes, circumstances, and inducements that maie bee, -confirmed both in person and office: much haue I to require of the -generall perusers hereof, that I bee not anie wayes therein mistaken, -for that passing immediatelie to the publique notice of all, there is -no doubt but the verie particularities there of, shall speedilie be -therewith censured of all. My request is, that the skilfull and best -experienced, will of their owne good conditions, not otherwise misdeeme -thereof then what in equall trueth maie bee vnto them tendered, nor -that the wise and discreetlie minded will haue other conceipt of me, -then as my weake abilitie sought herein at their hands to haue at the -first deserued.= - -=Touching any others lesse able to speake or giue sentence in the -cause, as my will and desire is, fauourablie to be regarded of the -whole in generall, so if anie one more of selfe-liking then of -|Skill|, will either carpe at, or peremptorilie reiect the labour by -me vndertaken, let him first consider with himselfe, how much easier -it is to finde fault with a thing by another alreadie finished and -done, then for himselfe by priuate endeuour to accomplish the like: so -shall he find, that men at all times see not into all things at once: -and in proofe hereof become assured, that hee, as I shall sooner in -the performance of anie labor, make our selues obiects of euery common -opinion, then with such account to deliuer our trauels, as that we may -stand ascertained of their own deserts, that they may be pleasing to -all men.= - -=And forasmuch as it resteth yet a thing doubtfull, how well or euill, -till the perusing this slender trifle of mine may of all sortes be -measured, I will in the meane time (as manie others before me haue -done) affie my selfe in the hope and expectation of the best Glad if -in the conueiance hereof, there may by my willing endeuour, arise anie -pleasure or profite to anie, which being the intention of me solie -desired, I passe foorth this (as the residue) of the best and aptest -fauourers thereof, to be entertained.= - - - FINIS. _A. D._ - -[Illustration] - - - - - A Table shewing the principal mat- - _ters contained in the first part of - this Booke_. - - - Of Epistles, the commodities, and vse thereof _pag. 1_ - - What is chiefly to be respected in framing of an Epistle. 2 - - Of the habit and parts of an epistle. 8 - - Of certain contēts generally incident to al maner of Epistles. 11 - - Diuers orders of Greetinges, farewels and subscriptions. 13 - - Of Superscriptions and Directions. 17 - - The Diuisions of Letters, and vnder what titles all sorts of - epistles are contained. 20 - - - _Of epistles meerly Descriptory, & the parts thereof._ 23 - - An example of a Letter Descriptorie, wherein is particularly - described an ancient Citie. 24 - - An other example wherein the State of a countrey is solie - described. 26 - - An example wherein the death of a noble man is only described 27 - - - _Of Epistles Laudatory and vituperatory._ 33 - - An example of a Laudatory epistle solie touching the person. 35 - - An example of an Epistle Vituperatorie concerning also the person. 42 - - - _Of epistles Deliberatiue._ 46 - - An example of an Epistle exhortatory to the attaining of vertue. 50 - - - _Of Epistles Responsory._ 53 - - An example Responsory to the last epistle before remēbred. 54 - - An example of an Epistle Hortatorie to the studie of learning. 55 - - An other example Hortatorie wherein an honourable Gentleman is - egged forwardes to the profession of armes. 58 - - An example Swasory, wherein a Gentlewoman is counselled to mariage. 62 - - Another example of an epistle Swasorie, perswading the carefull - acceptance and regarde of one brother to another. 65 - - - _Of Epistles Dehortatory, and disswasory._ 67 - - An example of an Epistle Dehortatorie, wherein a Noble gentleman is - dehorted from infidelitie or rebellion. 71 - - An example of a Disswasorie Epistle wherein one is disswaded from - fruitlesse vanities, to more learned and profitable studies. 76 - - An other example Disswasory wherin the party is by diuers reasons - disswaded from entring into an action in apparance daungerous. 79 - - - _Of Epistles conciliatory._ 83 - - An Epistle conciliatory, written from one of good accompt to his - inferiour. 84 - - An example Conciliatory frō one equall to another. _ead._ - - An Epistle Responsory, answering the first of these letters. 86 - - A Letter Responsory answering the latter Epistle. _ead._ - - - _Of epistles Reconciliatory._ 87 - - An example Reconciliatorie, from one friend to another. _ead._ - - An Epistle Reconciliatory frō an inferiour person to his better. 89 - - - _Of epistles Petitory._ 90 - - An example of an Epistle Petitory, in a cause indifferent. 93 - - An example Petitory, in the nature of a reconciliatory from a son - to his displeased father. 94 - - An Epistle Petitorie, wherein is craued trauell and counsell to be - assistant vpon vrgent occasion. 96 - - Another of the same. 97 - - A Letter Responsorie to the same. _ead._ - - An example Petitorie, concluding a briefe request, and curteous - remembrance of a thing before promised. 99 - - An other example of the like effect. _ead._ - - - _Of Epistles Commendatory._ 100 - - An example Commendatorie, wherein is recommended to a noble man - from his inferiour, the conditions and behauiours of a person. 102 - - A Letter Responsorie to the same. _ead._ - - Another epistle Commendatorie of the sort before deliuered. 103 - - An example Commendatory from a noble man to his inferior, wherein - one is recommended to an office. 104 - - An Epistle Commendatorie, from a noble man in referment of his - seruant. 105 - - Another example wherein is recommended the cause & speedie - furtherance of iustice. 106 - - An example Responsory, wherin is denied, what in the formost - directions was recōmended. 107 - - Another Letter Responsorie, wherin consent and allowance is giuē to - the matter required. 108 - - The third Epistle Responsorie, wherein is doubfullie allowed, what - to the same was recommended. 109 - - A letter Commendatorie pleasantly conceited in preferring an - vnprofitable seruant. 110 - - - _Of Epistles Consolatorie._ 112 - - An example Consolatorie of the first sort, wherein a Gentlewoman is - comforted of the death of her sonne. 114 - - An Epistle Consolatorie of the same, wherein one is comforted in - case of hard extremitie. 117 - - A Consolatorie epistle of the third sort, wherein a Gentlewoman is - comforted of the death of her husbād slain in the wars. 119 - - An example consolatory pleasauntly written to one who had buried - his old wife. 125 - - A Letter responsorie to be conferred to an Epistle consolatorie. 127 - - - _Of Epistles Monitorie and Reprehensorie._ - - An example Monitorie concerning a staied and well gouerned life. 131 - - An other Epistle Monitorie, touching the reformation of a couetous - life. 134 - - An Epistle Reprehensorie to a father, touching the lewde and ill - demeanour of his sonne. 136 - - An example Reprehensorie, wherein a man of wealth sufficient is - reprehended, for marriage of his daughter to the riches of an old - wealthie miser. 138 - - An epistle Reprehensorie, to a young Gentleman. 141 - - - _Of Epistles Amatorie,_ 143 - - An example of an Epistle for the entreatie of the first good wil. 145 - - An other example to that purpose. 146 - - An answere to the first of these Epistles. _eadem_ - - A replie to the same answere. 147 - - An answere vnto the second letter. 148 - - - - - _The Table of the second part of this Booke._ - - - _Of Epistles Iudiciall._ pag. 1 - - An example of an epistle Accusatorie in the state coniecturall. 4 - - An example Excusatorie returned to the effects of this Coniecturall - Epistle. 6 - - An example Purgatorie, from the partie chalenged, in answere of the - Epistle accusatorie before remembred. 7 - - An example of an Epistle accusatorie in the state Iuridiciall and - Coniecturall. 9 - - A Letter Defensorie, aunswering by confutation al the obiections in - this former Epistle surmised. 14 - - - _Of Epistles expostulatorie._ 19 - - An example of an Epistle Expostulatorie, touching certain iniuries - betweene two friends. 19 - - An answere Defensorie, vnto the effects of the same epistle. 20 - - A replie to the saide answere Defensorie, wherein the matter of the - Epistle is more firmelie maintained. 22 - - A seconde answere to the like reasons of the Replie in further - defence of the partie. 24 - - An example of an epistle Expostulatorie touching vnkindnes - receiued. 25 - - An example of an epistle Expostulatory for breach of promise. 26 - - An example of an Epistle expostulatorie from an inferiour - Gentleman, to his farre better in degree, authoritie and calling. 27 - - An example of an epistle exprobratorie touching ingratitude - receiued. 30 - - An epistle exprobatorie more largelie exampled. 31 - - - _Of letters inuectiue._ 34 - - An example of an Epistle inuectiue from a father to his sonne. _eadem_ - - An answere purgatorie of the sonne touching the matters Inuectiue - of the former epistle. 37 - - A reply of the father confuting the allegations of the sonne, and - maintayning the causes of the former Inuectiue alledged. 42 - - An example of another epistle Inuectiue pleasantlie written against - the humors and conditions of a vainglorious person. 45 - - An example of another epistle Inuectiue, written in cause of great - desert agaynst two seuerall parties. 48 - - - _Of epistles Comminatorie._ 61 - - An example of an epistle Cōminatorie. 52 - - Another example Comminatorie containing a greater vehemencie in the - deliuerie. _ead._ - - - _Of epistles Deprecatorie._ 54 - - An example of an epistle Deprecatorie, where the partie is charged - in good opinion. 55 - - An example of an epistle Deprecatorie, in cause of wrong supposed - to be committed. 57 - - An example of an epistle Deprecatorie, pleasantlie written to - answer a former letter. 58 - - - _Of Epistles familiar._ 59 - - A Letter Nunciatorie from a sonne to his father or friends, - touching his being in seruice. _ead._ - - A Letter Nunciatorie in another sort of the same matter. _ead._ - - An Epistle Narratorie, contayning aduertisements from one friend to - another. 60 - - A letter of aduertisements from a sonne to his father. 61 - - A Letter from a seruant or factor to his master. 62 - - - _Of epistles Remuneratorie._ 63 - - An example of an epistle Remuneratorie from an inferiour to one - farre his better, in reputation and calling. _ead._ - - A Letter Remuneratorie from a Gentlewoman of good sort, to a - nobleman her kinsman. 64 - - A Letter Remuneratorie from one friend to another. 65 - - A Letter Remuneratorie from a better to his inferiour. _ead._ - - - _Of epistles Iocatorie._ 66 - - An epistle Gratulatorie, from one friend to another. _ead._ - - A Letter Gratulatorie from a wife to her husband. 67 - - A letter Gratulatorie from one to his Kinsman seruing in London. - _ead._ - - - _Of epistles obiurgatorie._ 68 - - A Letter Obiurgatorie from a maister to his seruant. 69 - - - _Of epistles Mandatorie._ _ead._ - - A Letter Mandatorie from a Maister to his seruant, or Factor being - beyond the seas. 70 - - An other Letter Mandatorie from a maister to his seruant. 71 - - A Letter Mandatorie from a man to his wife. _ead._ - - A letter Mandatory from one friend to another. 72 - - Of Figures, Tropes and Schemes. 77 - - Of the parts, place, and office of a Secretorie. 101 - - FINIS. - - - Transcriber’s Notes: - - - Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). - - Text enclosed by equals is in blackletter (=blackletter=). - - Text enclosed by ‘|’ is emphasized normal font within an italicized - or blackletter paragraph (|normal|). - - Blank pages have been removed. - - Decorative header formatting is maintained. - - Decorative art dividers removed from text version. - - Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. - Examples: upside down letters (n for u), - missing letters (theunto -> therunto), - reversed letters(hwoe -> howe) - otherwise there were no spelling corrections. - - Spacing was tight and inconsistent, many spaced or unspaced words - were a judgement call (beholding/be holding). - - There were many capital first letters that were italicized, I - assumed these were only due to typesetter convenience as there was - no contextual reason. - - There is frequent use of vowels with macron, per Wikipedia: “In - Old English texts a macron above a letter indicates the omission of - an m or n that would normally follow that letter.”. - Example: iudgmēt -> iudgment. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ENGLISH SECRETARY; OR, METHODE -OF WRITING EPISTLES AND LETTERS (1599) *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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} - - /* === Transcriber's notes === */ - .transnote { - background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size: smaller; - padding: 0.5em; - margin-top: 5%; - margin-bottom: 5em; - font-family: sans-serif, serif; - } - - </style> -</head> - -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The English Secretary; or, Methode of Writing Epistles and Letters (1599), by Angel Day</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The English Secretary; or, Methode of Writing Epistles and Letters (1599)</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Angel Day</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: April 23, 2021 [eBook #65147]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Greg Lindahl, Robert Tonsing, Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ENGLISH SECRETARY; OR, METHODE OF WRITING EPISTLES AND LETTERS (1599) ***</div> - <div class="figcenter x-ebookmaker-drop" id="cover"> - <img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="" /> - </div> - - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="figcenter illowp100"> - <img class="w100" src="images/title.jpg" width="1200" height="1864" alt="" /> - </div> - - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="titlepage"> - <h1><span class="xlarge">THE</span><br /> - <span class="xxxlarge">ENGLISH</span><br /> - <span class="xxlarge"><i>SECRETARY</i>,</span><br /> - <span class="xlarge">OR</span><br /> - <span class="xxlarge"><i>Methode</i> of writing of</span><br /> - <span class="xlarge"><i>Epistles</i> and <i>Letters</i>:</span> - </h1> - - <div><span class="large">WITH<br /> - A declaration of such <i>Tropes</i>, <i>Figures</i>,</span><br /> - and <i>Schemes</i>, as either vsually or for<br /> - ornament sake are therin required.</div> - - <div class="mt1">Also the parts and office of a<br /> - <i>Secretarie</i>, - </div> - - <div class="mt1">Deuided into two bookes.</div> - - <div class="mt1">Now newly reuised and in many parts cor-<br /> - rected and amended:</div> - - <div class="mt1 mlarge"><b>By Angel Day.</b></div> - - <div class="mt2"><i>AT<span class="gesperrt2"> LONDON</span></i><br /> - Printed by <i>P. S.</i> for <i>C. Burbie</i> and are<br /> - to be sold at his shop, at the Royall<br /> - Exchange. 1599. - </div> - </div> - - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="chapter" id="CONTENTS"> - <h2>CONTENTS.</h2> - </div> - - <ul class="index"> - <li class="ihead"><a href="#Dedication_1">To the right Honorable, Edward de Vere.</a></li> - <li class="ihead"><a href="#Dedication_2">To the learned and courteous Readers in generall.</a></li> - <li class="ihead"><a href="#Part_1">The English Secretorie.</a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_1">Of an Epistle, the commodities and vse thereof. <i>Chap. 1.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_2">What is chiefelie to be respected in framing of an Epistle. <i>Chap. 2.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_3">Of the habite and parts of an Epistle. <i>Cap. 3.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_4">Of certaine contents generally incident to all maner of Epistles. <i>Chap. 4.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_5">Diuerse orders of greetings, farewels and subscriptions. <i>Cap. 5.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_6">Of Superscriptions and Directions. <i>Cap. 6.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_7">The diuisions of Letters and vnder what titles all sortes of Epistles are contained. <i>Cap 7.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_8">Of Epistles meerely Descriptory and the parts thereof. <i>Chap. 8.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_9">Of Epistles Laudatorie and Vituperatorie. <i>Chap. 9.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_10">Of Epistles deliberatiue. <i>Chap. 10.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_11">Of Epistles Responsorie. <i>Chap. 11.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_12">Of Epistles Dehortatorie, and Disswasorie. <i>Chap. 12.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_13">Of Epistles Conciliatorie. <i>Chap. 13.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_14">Of Epistles Reconciliatorie. <i>Chap. 14.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_15">Of Epistles Petitorie. <i>Chap. 15.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_16">Of Epistles Commendatorie. <i>Chap. 16.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_17">Of Epistles Consolatorie. <i>Chap. 17.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_18">Of Epistles Monitorie and Reprehensorie. <i>Chap. 18.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_19">Of Epistles Amatorie. <i>Chap. 19.</i></a></li> - <li class="ihead"><a href="#Part_2">The Second Part of the English Secretorie.</a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_1a">Of Epistles Iudiciall. <i>Chap 1.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_2a">Of Epistles Expostulatorie. <i>Chap. 2.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_4a">Of Epistles Exprobratorie. <i>Chap. 4.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_5a">Of Letters inuectiue. <i>Chap. 5.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_6a">Of Epistles Comminatorie. <i>Cap. 6.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_7a">Of Epistles deprecatorie. <i>Cap. 7.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_8a">Of Epistles familiar. <i>Chap. 8.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_9a">Of Epistles Remuneratorie. <i>Chap. 9.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_10a">Of Epistles Iocatorie. <i>Chap. 10.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_11a">Of Epistles Obiurgatorie. <i>Chap. 11.</i></a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_12a">Of Epistles Mandatorie. <i>Chap. 12.</i></a></li> - <li class="ihead"><a href="#Part_3">A Declaration of al such Tropes, Figures or Schemes, as for excellencie and ornament in writing, are speciallie vsed in this Methode.</a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_1b">Of Figvres Tropes, and Schemes.</a></li> - <li class="isub2"><a href="#Chap_2b">Of the partes, place and Office of a Secretorie.</a></li> - <li class="ihead"><a href="#Part_4">A Table shewing the principal matters contained in the first part of this Booke.</a></li> - </ul> - - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="chapter"> - <h3 id="Dedication_1"><span class="xlarge">To the right Honorable, Edward</span><br /> - <span class="large"><i>de</i> Vere, <i>Earle of</i> Oxenford, <i>Vicount</i> Bul-</span><br /> - becke, <i>Lord</i> Standford <i>and of</i> Badlesmere,<br /> - <span class="small">and Lord great Chamberlaine<br /> - of <i>England</i>.</span></h3> - </div> - - <p class="drop-img"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_i.png" width="120" height="120" alt='I' /></span>T - is now a fewe yeares passed (Right Honourable, & my very good Lord) - since emboldned by your fauour, this booke rudely digested, and then - roughly deliuered, I did in the very nonage thereof recōmend vnto your - Patronage. And howbeit at that time, very little therin appeared worthy - so honourable acceptance: yet pleased it your L. the same should then - passe vnder your fauourable countenance.</p> - - <p>To answer so great bountie therein shewed, I haue naught but my simple - acknowledgement: and in signification of the will I haue to do vnto - your Lordship any acceptable seruice, no other matter in shew, then - a fresh renouation of the selfe same title by an other presentment, - howbeit in far more orderly manner then formerly was deliuered.</p> - - <p>Your Lordship may please of your owne ennobled condition to well - dooing, in pardoning the presumption of the former, to vouchsafe your - liking to this latter, wherein (notwithstanding the title all one) - yet shall you finde the worke both in order, habit and shape, to be - diuersly chaunged.</p> - - <p>To excuse the defecte of the one, or enlarge my paines taken in - publishing the other, were on either part needlesse: seeing my - desire in both, hath principally sorted to one self meaning: If your - L. find ought herein answerable to your iudgmēt, it is inough: and - the vsers shall thereby (I hope) finde more cause to be satisfied. - The wisest of all ages, haue not at one instant collected their - experience: <i>Plato</i> in his first original was nothing so diuine: - <i>Socrates</i> in his cradle had no taste of his after wisdome: - <i>Hercules</i> past many yeres ere he grew famed by his labors, & - onely vse and practize enableth vnto the greatest perfection.</p> - - <p>This being so, It will, I trust, seeme in me a matter the more - pardonable, to haue aduentured as I did the formost of this purposed - labor, regarding that by a reuew of the same it hath now receiued some - shape and proportion. Such as it is I humblie recommend as before, vnto - your honorable liking. And for my selfe do remaine, alwaies</p> - - <div class="right"><i>By your honorable L. to be commanded</i>,</div> - <div class="mr20">Angel Day.</div> - - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="chapter mb5" id="Dedication_2"> - <div class="figcenter illowp100"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_004.jpg" width="1200" height="268" alt="" /> - </div> - <h3><span class="xxlarge">To the learned and courteous</span><br /> - <span class="xlarge"><i>Readers in generall</i>.</span></h3> - </div> - - <p class="drop-img italics"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_g.png" width="120" height="120" alt='G' /></span><em>Entlemen</em>, - When I do begin first to speake vnto you in this action, - me thinks, you doe espie in me the parts of an ill <em>Scholler</em>, who - in all his dooinges, is forced to craue pardon, but hardly findeth the - way that may purchase vnto him selfe the benefite of such a pardon.</p> - - <p class="italics">In reformation, two notable instances are held the which as I - conceiue do craue allowance, though no prerogatiue in wel doing, and - these are for a man to finde his defect, and secondly to haue a will to - amend it.</p> - - <p class="italics">I will assure you, though I be not gratious, I would be loath to - seeme gracelesse and this benefite I will haue to gaine your allowance, - that I will blush for mine errors, where I fault in abilitie, I - will shew you my will: And when in all I cannot cleare me from your - censures, yet shall your courteous forbearance be in me no waies - misprised.</p> - - <p class="italics">haue to foretime as now still trauelled with the gardener, who - first throweth vp his earth on a rude heape, the scattereth it, after - smootheth it, next squareth it, & lastly bringeth it into knots and - workmanship, before which you know, there are many weeds, loose - hearbes, grasses, sticks, and rubbish to be picked vp & thrown out: - And then and not before beginneth his worke to drawe towards the - perfection.</p> - - <p class="italics">As he so I, at the first threw vp this groundwork in a heape, and - onely did scatter it: after, and hether vnto I haue endeuored to - smooth and to square it, picking out thereof many thinges which lay to - too much disordered. It onely now wanteth to be labored on by a more - curious workmanship, but because it is my garden plat, & my prouision - is too small to perfect on a sodaine so spacious a ground worke, I - will temporize with those duties, which either by time may in me be - supported or by a greater hability in others may happilie hereafter be - performed.</p> - - <p class="italics">Now because it is in all omissions the greatest omission not to bee - thankefull for courtesies, I will acknowledge that as you haue hitherto - benignly delt with me in the suruey of these labours, so haue you bound - mee the more vnto you by your fauourable censures. And yet if after - this continued trauell vnto this present, you either in mine or in - the printers escapes find any thing blame worthy, couer it I pray you - as before you haue done with the vaile of your courtesie. The copies - before this, haue bene I confesse erroniously many wayes deliuered, and - this by the blottings and interlinings had in the former amendements - hath peraduenter also his escapes or mistakings: If any be, they are - fewe I hope, and therefore the more easie to be tollerated. Onely - correct where fault is, and the printer and I shalbe beholding vnto - you.</p> - - <p class="italics">Hauing thus performed for my selfe what vnto your worthines stoode - meete to be considered, giue mee now leaue I pray you, touching - the order and course in this <em>Methode</em> hereafter obserued, - to say somthing to them which therby are to take any benefit or - profite. In which case, the learner is circumspectly with himselfe to - consider, the seuerall rules in the particular chapters preceeding - the orders of those <em>Epistles</em>, in such sort as afterwards they - are distinguished, & therein see, what to the better ordering and - principall direction, of whatsoeuer hee shall take in hand to write, is - there (for his better instruction) enioyned. By diligent animaduersion - wherof, he shall the better vnderstand the seuerall natures and - properties, that in the parts of euery <em>Epistle</em>, are ordinarily - to be required, besides the vse of them in their seueral places, and - what force they beare, being so sorted out, according to their speciall - purposes and directions.</p> - - <p class="italics">Next, for the better inducement and leading him into a plaine and - perfect platforme of this <em>Methode</em> following, & to the intent - he may as neere as may be, or as his capacitie (at leastwise) may any - waies reach vnto, knowe (skilfully, & not by rote) how or in what - sort he shall happen to doe either well or ill, I haue first (in a - preamble or intermixed discourse, either preceeding or interchangeably - passing, before or with the kindes of euery sorte of <em>Epistles</em>) - declared the properties and vse of those <em>Epistles</em>, vpon what - parts and places, they and euery of them doo consist, with what - vehemencie or lesse application they are to bee inforced or quallified, - so that he who seemeth to haue least knowledge at all (be it that he - haue perseuerance to conceiue or to distinguish the parts he seeth - there laid out before his eyes) may with great facilitie, attaine to - whatsoeuer, herein prescribed, or by the circumstance thereof intended - to be in any sort deliuered.</p> - - <p class="italics">To the greater ornament whereof, I haue applied a number - of <em>Figures</em>, <em>Schemes</em>, and <em>Tropes</em> in the margent of - euery <em>Epistle</em>, euen with the places where they are vsed. And at - the end of this worke, haue set them altogither, and therein explaned - to the Learners view, and for his readier vse, their particular natures - and qualities, to the end that they who (being vnlearned,& hauing a - pretie conceit of inuention of themselues) haue heretofore vnknowing - done well, may see how with skill and discretion hereafter to pursue - the same, & the ignorant also hereof whose reach hath not been so - ample as others, may be thereby informed what vnto well doing is most - consonant and agreeing.</p> - - <p class="italics">Now, for the readier finding of those <em>Epistles</em>, as each of - their kindes are suted forth in sundrie <em>Examples</em>: Peruse but - the head of euery page and there you shall find what in the same page - is contained, <em>viz.</em> Where the <em>Epistles</em> be, you shall haue - them noted in their kindes, as Epistles <em>Hortatorie</em>, <em>Dehortatorie</em>, - <em>Swasorie</em>, or <em>Disswasorie</em>, &c. And likewise in the admixtions, - you shall finde <em>Places</em> or <em>Parts Hortatorie</em>, <em>Commendatorie</em>, - <em>Petitorie</em>, &c. as they fall out to be handled.</p> - - <p class="italics">This booke thus shewing these parts before remembred, I haue - termed as you see by the name of <em>The Secretorie</em>, being in the - consideration thereof nothing ignorant what great perfection is to be - required in such a one, by whose title the same is deliuered, neither - supposing the matter herein contained to appeare so sufficient, - as perfectly thereby to enable what in the same function is to - bee required, but because the orderly writing of Letters, being a - principall part belonging to a <em>Secretorie</em>, is by the <em>Method</em>: - hereof deliuered to any Learners capacitie whereout the Scholler or - any other that is vnfurnished of the knowledge thereof, may gather ayde - and furtherance, I haue therefore endeuored to tearme it by the name - of <em>Secretarie</em>.</p> - - <p class="italics">These with my willing minde, and desire of well doing herein, I doo - present to the generall and friendly regarde of all, wishing that in - courtesie they repute of my trauels, as formost of all other things, - I therein respected their benefites. In affoording whereof, they - shall doo no more then belongeth to good mindes, and encourage me by - whatsoeuer other meanes hereafter, to gratifie their fauours.</p> - - <div class="figcenter illowp75 mt10" style="max-width: 56.25em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_007.jpg" alt="" /> - </div> - - <div class="mrb"> - - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="chapter"> - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">1</span> - <h2 id="Part_1"><span class="xxxlarge">The English</span><br /> - <span class="xxlarge">Secretorie.</span> - </h2> - </div> - - <h3 id="Chap_1">Of an Epistle, the commodities and vse thereof.<br /> - <i>Chap. 1.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_f2.png" width="100" height="100" alt='F' /></span>Orasmuch - as we haue herein endeuoured to lay downe a platforme - or method for writing of Epistles. It shall not be amisse, that - following the order of all other writers, wee first define vnto you - what an Epistle is. An Epistle therefore, is that which vsually we - in our vulgar, doe tearms a Letter, and for the respectes thereof - is called the messenger, or familiar speach of the absent, for that - therein is discouered whatsoeuer the minde wisheth in such cases to - haue deliuered. The diuersities of Epistles are manifold, as wherof - ensueth a platforme to euerie motion, being in truth so infinite as - are yᵉ imaginations of each ones fantasie, seeing the declaration of - euerie letter, is no more then what the minde willeth in all occasions - to be perfourmed, and according to such instigations wherewith at that - instant men are fed when they write, taketh his formall substance, - whether it be to require, counsel, exhort, command, informie, commend, - entreat, aduertise, gratulate, or whatsoeuer other purpose therein - pretended, as cause and matter maie fall out to be required. The - antiquity is as ancient as the benefite that therof ensueth is great, - whereof onlie those that are sufficientlie enabled with the qualitie, - can giue the greatest testimonie. Needelesse were it for me to commend - the vse, when aswell by the authorities of a number the best learned, - who to aduance the efficacie thereof, haue in sundrie languages - prescribed rules and methods for the same, as of others besides, whose - most excellent writings of Epistles are at this present extant, it is - most plentifully aduanced. And although pregnant wit ensuing by nature - was the foremost cause that first bred the inuention of Letters, and - that euery one naturally can speake, or in some sort or other set down - their meaning:<span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">2</span> yet Art preuailing in the cause, and by cunning - skill marshalling euery thing in his due order, place and proportion, how - much more the same is then beautified, adorned, and as it were in a new - shape transmuted by such kind of knowledge, the difference that dailie - appeareth may yeeld proofe sufficient.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_2">What is chiefelie to be respected in framing<br /> - of an Epistle. <i>Chap. 2.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_f2.png" width="100" height="100" alt='F' /></span> - Orasmuch as by the necessarie vse of Letters before laid downe, - a commendable maner of writing and framing the same hath bene - already remembred: It shall not bee amisse, that in this Chapter - we now endeuour to answere the purpose therein pretended. For the - manifestation whereof, I haue thought good to drawe vnto your - consideration certaine principall points, which thereunto are speciallie - to be required: first, <em>Aptnes of words</em> and <em>sentences</em>, - respecting that they be neate and choiselie picked, and orderly - handled: next, <em>Breuity of speach</em>, according in matter and - circumstance fitlie to be framed: lastly, <em>Comlines in deliuerance</em>, - concerning the person and cause, whereupon the direction is - grounded.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The first, being <em>Aptnesse of wordes and sentences</em>, - consisteth in choice and good tearmes, in skilful and proper - application of them according to their true meanings, in wel sorting - and fitting them, to their seuerall purposes. <em>Choise</em> and good - tearmes, are in words vsual, and plain for the matter in deliuerie, - not improper nor new coined, nor too olde, as hauing not of long time - before bene vsed. <em>Skilfull application</em> is, when in their - setting down they haue either their true & proper signification for - deliuery, or else by a more delicate or pleasant inuenton may be - caried conceitedly. <em>Well sorting & fitting them</em>, resteth - in the matter in handling, that therein be a concordance with their - applications, whereof may ensue a due construction, and no disorderlie - mistaking.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The next, being <em>Breuity of speach</em>, is not as some - vndiscreetlie haue imagined, that which consisteth in fewnes of - lines, & shortnes of roome in shew of a side of paper, but breuitie - of matter, wherein scope sufficient remaining for the necessary - demonstration and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">3</span> deliuerie of any needfull occasion, men are - barred from friuolous circumstances, and inioined therin to abhorre all - maner of tediousnes: For which cause some haue beene of opinion, that - continuance of matter ought not to be vsed in an <em>Epistle</em>, for - that it thereby looseth the shew of an <em>Epistle</em>, and taketh - vpon it the habit of an Oration: Yet of such sort are in this method - sundry Epistles, the titles wherof are, <em>Hortatorie, Dehortatorie, - Laudatorie, Vituperatorie, Suasorie, Petitorie, Monitorie, Accusatorie, - Excusatorie, Consolatorie, Inuectiue</em> and such like, whose speciall - vses do of necessitie admit such scope as in euerie ordinarie Epistle - is not found, and though they beare in them many <em>Oratorie</em> - parts, yet lose they not at all for that, neither name nor habit - of an <em>Epistle</em>. The tolleration and ordinarie vse of which, - both examples of many learned, and common custome hath warranted. - And therfore, when to be briefe it is herein inioyned, it is alwayes - thereby to be intended, that a man with onelie necessarie speeches may - bee permitted to deliuer his meaning, neither is it without the limits - of breuitie, when aptlie and at full the same shall be in this sort - reported.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And for the better declaration, howe farre the conceit hereof - may be induced only in writing of Letters, I will first limit what - may be accounted necessarie therein, and afterwards endeuour to - lay downe, howe contrarie thereunto, men (aswell in the vse, as in - neglecting thereof) haue heretofore erred. Necessarie speeches, I do - account whatsoeuer is set downe, for the plaine and open deliuerie - of euerie occasion, to the intent the minde of the writer, and what - he pursueth may aptly and in good and ready sort be conceiued. The - repugnancie hereof is when either with too much curtalling our - arguments, in conceit to auoyde tediousnes, or with too manie or ouer - often repetitions, neuer thinking to haue spokē sufficiently, either - to induce remembrance, or put forward our meaning, we abbreuiate or - amplifie our Epistles. And when some others also, of a conceit more - curious than necessarie, striuing to excell in varietie of sentences, - and copie of words, coyned all of one sute, thinke therfore in paining - themselues to write more than needeth, to be counted more eloquent. - These falling out to bee imperfections, as each of them are in truth to - bee blamed, so where the defect remaineth, are they (for well writing) - with studie to be amended.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">4</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">The third and last nowe being <em>Comelinesse in deliuerance - touching the person and cause</em>, séemeth to bee tied vnto two - seuerall respects: that is, to the reputation of the partie to whome - wee write, his condition, age, honour, and disposition, and to the - fitnes of the matter whereof we take vpon vs to write: for as it is - most decent that in the matter we make choice of, we giue vnto euerie - cause his proper and orderly effect: so is it euery way as conuenient - to afford a like <i>Decorum</i> of those to whome our letters - are directed.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The reputation of each partie, is measured according to his - dignitie or worthinesse, whereby hee beareth reckoning and place before - vs. The condition, by the age or maner of liuing, wherein resteth - either grauitie or youthfulnesse. The humour by the disposition, as - whether desirous to be reuerenced, fawned on, or with plaine termes - vsed. By this reason, the methode or stile of our letters falleth out - diuerslie to be considered: in one sort we frame them to olde men, in - an other sort to young men, one way to sad and graue persons, another - to light and yong fellowes: one platforme to Courtiers, another to - Philosophers. To great and notable personages, with a dutie speciall, - appropriate to their calling: To our betters, alwayes with submission: - To our inferiours, benignly and fauourably: To our friends, louinglie: - To our enemies sharplie and nippinglie. Thus farre as touching the - person, and now for the cause.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In this point it séemeth that the matter of euerie writing should - still be measureed according to the writers apparance, credit or - worthines, that the validity thereof should be answerable to the one - or the others greatnes, or goodnesse: that the intendment be sound, - lawfull, and to no euill purposes: that it containe not base, filthie, - or scurrile matter, vnbeséeming a direction so worthie. Then that - euerie thing to bee written of should bee deliuered according to his - proper qualitie: Termes more officious than beséeming, are vnfitting: - not sufficientlie to consider of each reputation, were ouer homelie. A - matter of grauitie is to bee deliuered with waight: a matter of sorrowe - should be reported with griefe: a matter of pastime, to be discoursed - with pleasure: a matter of folly, intermingled with laughter. Now - contrariwise, to a person sorrowfull to write of iests, to talke - learnedly to a clowne,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">5</span> to salute an olde man with childish - fantasies: in cases of waight, to aduance trifles: were altogither as improper as - peeuish, and more absurd than fitteth to be tollerated in anie skilfull - vsage.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And because I haue taken vpon me some distinguishments of writing, - wherein I speciallie stand vpon choise and meete termes and spéeches, - with proper applications: I thinke it not amisse to set down vnto you - some shew of the contrarie inurements, wherby you may with the greater - discretion conceiue the error thereof, the which I haue sometimes - noted in other mens writings; And first, of vnséemly applications: - as for example: one that sometimes intended not a litle of his owne - inuention, tooke vpon him to write a loue letter to a woman of verie - meane reckoning, in which, after he had drawne (God <em>Cupid</em> by - the name of the blinded boy) by those parts of fauor that neuer were - in her, and shewed himselfe much passionat for the loue he ought to - her, he concludeth the meatter in this sort. <em>Thus crauing your - lawfull beneuolence, in not mee reiecting, your answere comfortable - and not intollerable, &c.</em> The woman not accustomed to such hote - intertainment, and rather bluntlie before time pursued, then daintilie - intreated, beganne here vpon (forsooth) to waxe coy, and to intende - great matter of her self, and vaunting her fauour at a higher rate then - he belike séemed afterwarde willing to become a purchaser of, remained - as she was, and himselfe at his more profitable studies. The conclusion - of his letter was verie improper, insomuch as requiring liking by the - name of <em>Beneuolence</em>, hee both - <span class="sidenote">Words improper and impugning the sense.</span>misprised his owne demand, and - séemed to induce a word more sounding to a charitable reliefe, or - curteous contribution of money, then to anie such purpose as he meant - it. Besides, <em>your answere comfortable, and not intollerable</em>. - If these had passed in a iest, it had béene more conuenient, but - vsed <em>bona fide</em>, it was too bad, especiallie respecting the - partie what she was, from whome one would haue supposed that such a one - as himself, could neuer haue receiued (but by too much tolleration) - any discontentment at all. This errour<span class="sidenote">Errors commō to the learned, as - well as to the vnlearned.</span> we see is not onelie common to - the vnlearned, for as well this one, who in his profession (as I was - informed by him that shewed me the letter) was well reputed of, but - also some of the forwarder sort, onlie by affectation of words, which - they haue vsed, haue béene misliked, and yet learned ynough. Among<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">6</span> - which a Doctor of Physicke long since, intending to be verie eloquent - in words, and such as euery Carter should not conceiue of, began an - Epistle to a booke by him published in this sort: wherein secondly - appeareth this errour of old improper or new coyned termes, and this - was the forme.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><em>Egregious Doctours and Maisters of the eximious and Archane Science of - Physicke, of your Vrbanitie exasperate not your selues agaynst mee, - for making of this little volume of Physicke. Considering that my - pretence is for an vtilitie and a Common-wealth. And this not onelie, - but also I doe it for no detriment,<span class="sidenote">A ridiculous maner - of writing.</span> but for a preferment of your - laudable Science, that euerie man should esteeme, repute, and regarde - the excellent facultie. And also you to bee extolled and highlie - preferred, that hath and dooth studie, practise and labour this saide - Archane Science, to the which none inartious persons, can nor shall - attaine to the knowledge: yet notwithstanding fooles and insipient - persons, yea and manie the which doth think themselues wise (the - which in this facultie be fooles indeed) will enterprise to smatter, - &c.</em> Was there euer seene from a learned man a more preposterous - & confused kind of writing, farced with so many and such odde coyned - tearmes in so little vttering? But surely, the man did it of a great - conceite, for as appeareth by the course of all his Epistle following, - his wittes were so pestered with an angrie mislike of the bad demeanor - of some vnlearned vsers of his science (as he thought with himselfe) - that euerie botcher should not be able to vent him, but hee should - bee a man of some reach at least that should finde him. Neuerthelesse - howe wise so euer stood his imaginations: this one thing doe I knowe, - that diuerse to whome I haue shewed the booke haue verie heartilie - laughed in perusing the parts of his writing. For these <em>egregious, - eximious, vrbanitie</em>, and <em>exasperate</em>, although the wordes - be in some sort tollerable, yet because anie of them are amongst - vs verie rarelie vsed, and in this writing two of them especially - very vnproperly placed, the maner thereof soundeth (in mine opinion) - nothing pleasant. Insomuch as <em>exasperate</em> is properly to set - him in a farther rage, that is alreadie furiously bent in a thing, and - besides, by the action of another man then himselfe who as it were of - a resolute will and meaning, would goe about to procure it, so that - it maie be well saide, <em>hee did exasperate<span class="sidenote">Vrbanitie - and exasperate vnproperlie placed.</span> his <span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">7</span>furies the more, - by inducing such a speach, or such an acte</em>: but it cannot bee so - properlie deliuered to saie, <em>exasperate not your selfe for such - a thing</em>, especiallie when I am not therewith so much as in anie - mislike alreadie, which no man canne at anie time bee, without he first - knowe an occasion: your <em>Vrbanitie</em> likewise being deriued - of the Latine worde <em>Vrbanus</em>, which is ciuile, courteous, - gentle, modest, or well ruled, as men commonlie are in Cities and - places of good gouernement, whereof that worde taketh his originall, - the worde is not common amongst vs, nor so apt to the sense as if hee - had saide, <em>your curtesie, your modestie</em>, and so it might run - thus, <em>Let not your curtesies be agreeued against me</em>, or, - <em>Let it not be offensiue to your modesty, that for the benefite of a - great manie, I haue published this volume of Physicke</em>. The grounde - was verie good, for his intendment was, that the cause belonged to - a common wealth, wherein if anie particular commoditie seemed to be - lessened, wise men and such as were more studious of their Countries - good, then of their owne peculiar gaine, ought not to be offended. Then - saith he: <em>And this not only, but also I doe it for no detriment, - &c.</em> What confused deliuerance is this? How much more orderlie thus, - which soundeth also more to his meaning. <em>And this also respected, - in that I doe it not for anie detriment vnto you, but for a preferment - of your laudable science</em>. Then his comming in with <em>arcane - science, inartious fooles and insipient persons</em>, had it not beene - lesse improper, if hee had saide <em>profounde science, and vnskilfull - or vnlearned</em>, for <em>inartious</em>, and to haue contented - himselfe with his <em>fooles</em>, without adding to the same - <em>insipient persons</em>. Lastlie he proceedeth: <em>And many the which - dooth thinke themselues wise (the which in this facultie are fooles - indeede) will enterprise, &c.</em> Here is <em>the which</em> and - <em>the which</em>, a phrase neuer with vs accustomed, nor with anie good - writer in his time (which was not manie yeares since) the sence whereof - might in this sort more plainelie bee deliuered. <em>And many who in - their owne opinion doe seeme verie wise (but therein are in truth verie - fooles) will enterprise, &c.</em> But of this ynough, for that I thinke - it nowe high time to proceed to the rest, these two exemples being - sufficient to admonish the learner, of the congruitie of his speaches - and sentences, with good phrases that bee most agreeing to the meaning, - and not improperlie, to be deliuered,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">8</span> whereby he shall auoid the - like errour, and absurditie in conueiance hereby expressed, and already so - much reprehended.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_3">Of the habite and parts of an Epistle. <i>Cap. 3.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_s1.png" width="100" height="100" alt='S' /></span>Eeing - an Epistle hath chieflie his definition herof, in that it - <span class="sidenote">Character of an Epistle generall.</span> - is tearmed the familiar and mutuall talke of one absent friende to - another: it seemeth the Character thereof, shoulde according thereunto - bee simple, plaine, and of the lowest and meanest stile, vtterlie - deuoid of anie shadow of hie and loftie speaches: yet neuerthelesse, - for so much as in the argument of a great manie of them (whose - seuerall distinctions hereafter shall appeare) is required (as I said - before) a more high and loftie deliuerance, partaking manie waies - with that kinde accustomed in Orations, and is therefore accordinglie - to be necessarilie furnished with the pointes thereunto incident: we - will for the present, sort all kinde of Epistles onelie into these - two maner of differences, the one part whereof shall be said to be - general, and the other speciall. vnder this title of generall - <span class="sidenote">Epistles distinguished into generall and speciall.</span> shall bee - comprehended all such, as either for fashions sake, custome, dutie, - curtesie, or other familiaritie do ordinarilie passe from one part to - another, rather of a pleasant conceit, or some other more district or - seuere motion, then of anie extraordinarie cause, forme, or substance - in either of them contained. Such are those as whome either long - acquaintance, or ancient familiaritie,<span class="sidenote">Letters general are familar.</span> haue caused enterchangeablie to - haue performed: or fatherly reuerence, and seruile dutie haue bound, by - graue authoritie ouer children, kindred or seruants, accustomablie to - be continued. These, for the common and ordinarie matter in euerie of - them vsed, being vtterly exempt from anie waight or grauitie at all, - are rightlie tearmed by the name of familiar letters. They nowe that - be speciall are such, the matter of whome (as I said before) doe admit - both higher stile, and more orderlie deliuerance, according to the - waight of the argument, in anie of them to bee handled: and for this - cause are tearmed speciall,<span class="sidenote">Letters special.</span> as bearing in them a resolute purpose and - intendment seriouslie to discourse vpon, to answere, mittigate or auoid - any certain matter or causes, importing the present affairs<span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">9</span> - whereupon the direction is framed. Of them also are certaine diuisions, learnedly - by skilfull Authours, that heretofore haue beene distinguished, the - titles whereof I doe omit, in another place then this more opportune to - be hereafter remembred.<span class="sidenote">Difference of stile.</span> These as they are from the others manie waies - estranged in their seuerall argumentes: so vnto the conueiance and - expressing of their causes appertaineth both other order, and diuers - partes in them (then in the residue) more fullie to be considered. In - whose composition, that there maie be a platforme gathered of a more - certaine proceeding, we wil as others haue thought meet, distinguish - their seuerall parts as they fall out to be borrowed in an oration.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In such kind therefore of Epistles, rightly and with good skil - to be handled, the learner shal vnderstand, that there are three - things, by meanes whereof, for the needfull expressing and orderlie - deliuerie of anie matter whatsoeuer, he must of necessitie be - furnished. <em>Inuention</em><span class="sidenote">Inuention.</span> first, wherein - plentifullie is searched and - considered, what kind of matter, how much varietie of sentences, what - sorts of figures, how many similitudes, what approbations, diminutions, - insinuations and circumstances are presentlie needefull, or furthering - to the matter in handling. Then, <em>Disposition</em>,<span class="sidenote">Disposition.</span> - whereby is orderlie, cunninglie, and perfectlie laid downe and disposed, euerie - matter and cause in his due order, proportion and place. Thirdlie, - <em>Eloquution</em>,<span class="sidenote">Eloquution.</span> whose efficacie - in speaches, neate, pure and - elegant, is in the other Chapter vnder aptnes of words sufficientlie - alreadie described. The first and the last of these three, as they - are greatlie put forwarde by nature, which in some being farre more - curious of imitation and studie of the best, then in other some, whose - will and conceit alike, doe (by a verie instinct) affect and couet far - more baser purposes: so besides the furtherance continuallie atchieued - by often vse of reading, shall herein be greatlie holpen, in that - for the selfe same purpose, and to the intent the learner maie as - well in his natiue tongue,<span class="sidenote">Helps to Inuention and Eloquution.</span> - know the right vse of figures and Tropes - heretofore neuer by him vnderstoode, as also discerne and vse them, out - of others and in his own writings. I haue at the latter end of this - booke, gathered together all such Figures, Schemes and Tropes hereunto - needefull and conuenient, and there haue by sundrie familiar examples - expressed their vses and seuerall effects. In diligent conceit and - aduerting whereof,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">10</span> the vse vnto the practiser shall in short time - bee founde greatlie auaileable, by the benefit thereby attained.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now in as much as <em>Eloquution</em> is annexed vnto the - stile,<span class="sidenote">Stile of Epistles.</span> - which euermore is also tied to the argument and substance - of euerie Epistle: it is to be regarded what stile maie generallie - bee deemed meetest for the common habit, wherein each of them maie - ordinarilie be published. In the recording whereof, we do find thrée - sorts, especiallie in all kinds of writing and speaking, to haue - bene generallie commended. <i>Sublime</i>,<span class="sidenote">Sublime.</span> - the highest and stateliest maner, and loftiest deliuerance of anie thing that maie bee, - expressing the heroicall and mightie actions of Kinges, Princes, and - other honourable personages, the stile whereof is said to be tragicall - swelling in choice, and those the most haughtiest tearmes, commended, - described, amplified and preferred also by Orators, which manie - excellent Figures and places of Rhetorique. <i>Humile</i>, - <span class="sidenote">Humile.</span> the - lowest comicall, and most simple of all others, the matter whereof is - the meanest subiect of anie argument that maie be, entermedling in - common causes, aduertisements and mutuall affectes of euerie one, the - stile whereof sweepeth euen the very grounde it selfe, and is fittest - appropriate to our familiar Letters, for that in such familiar causes - and maners, the same is solely frequented, in which neuertheless - is <i>Sua faceties et elegantia quædam</i> his certaine kind - of elegancie, pleasant and neat conueiance, not altogether to be - sequestred from that kinde of deliuerance. <i>Mediocre</i>, - <span class="sidenote">Mediocre.</span> a - meane betwixt high and lowe, vehement and slender, too much and too - little, as we saie, in which are expressed histories, Declamations, - Comentaries, and other intermingled actions, not of anie in particular, - but of all in generall, this stile of all others maie be adapted vnto - these speciall kinds of Epistles.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Thus then it followeth, that whether we write familiarlie, or - waightilie,<span class="sidenote">Skilfull vse of writing.</span> - we must endeuour as neere as maie bee that each be - perfourmed skilfullie, for that to neither of them maie want learning, - without the knowledge whereof, what ornament can there be at all of - this expected elegancie. The particularities whereof included in these - two titles <em>Inuention</em> and <em>Eloquution</em>, both Nature and - Skill do put forward as we daily see by<span class="sidenote">Parts of an Epistle.</span> - a double instruction. This - therfore sufficing for those twain, let vs see what parts are supplied - in an Epistle, succéeding in the other also, and ayding<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">11</span> to - <em>Disposition</em>. The first place is <em>Exordium</em>, - a beginning or introduction to the matter to be written of, - <span class="sidenote">Exordium.</span> which is not always after - one sort or fashion, but in diuerse maners: as sometimes by preamble, - wherein either for our selues, or the cause we write of, or in respect - of him, for or to whom we write, wee studie to win fauor or allowance - of the matter, sometimes by insinuation, wherin couertly, either in - respect that the matter requireth long debatement or that mislike may - bee alreadie grounded in him to whom we direct our letters, we seeke - by cunning reasons to shewe that the case so requiring is tollerable: - or in the other, that rather equity then selfe opinion must and - ought chieflie to be weighed. Sometimes by a similitude, wherein by - manifesting the like of that we take in hand to haue bene commenced, - tollerated, or equally censured, wee intend the same, or lesse force - in our selues, at their hands to bee borne withall or accepted, and - diuerse other wayes besides, as in the Epistles following shall be - tendred. Then <em>Narratiō</em>, or <em> Propositiō</em>, - <span class="sidenote">Narratiō & Propositiō.</span> each seruing - to one effect, wherein is declared or proponed, in the one by plaine - tearmes, in the other by inference, or comparison, the verie substance - of the matter whatsoeuer to be handled. Then <em>Confirmatiō</em>, - <span class="sidenote">Confirmatiō.</span> - wherein are amplified or suggested many reasons, for the - aggrauating or proof of any matter in question. After <em>Confutatiō</em>,<span class="sidenote">Confutatiō.</span> - whereby is diminished, disproued or auoided, whatsoeuer to bee - supposed, obiected or aggrauated. Lastlie, <em>Peroratiō</em>, - <span class="sidenote">Peroratiō.</span> in which - after a briefe recapitulation of that which hath beene vrged, the - occasions thereof are immediatelie concluded. These are not altogither - at all times vsed, but some or the most of them as occasion serueth, - either admitted or reiected: besides which, others also are sometimes - remembred. The vse whereof as in sundrie Epistles they may be deemed - necessarie, shall in their seuerall examples hereafter perused, appeare - more euidentlie and largely.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_4">Of certaine contents generally incident to all maner of<br /> - Epistles. <i>Chap. 4.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_is.png" width="50" height="50" alt='I' /></span>N - writing of Epistles, four especiall contents are alwaies - continuallie incident. The manner of Salutation, an order of taking - leaue or farewell, the Subscription, and the outwarde direction. - Salutations of auncient time were<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">12</span> woont to bee fixed, - <i>Quasi omen faustum</i>, a signe or inuiting to good hap, in the front or - vpper part of the letter: so did the auncient <em>Romanes</em>, and in - like manner after their examples doo at this daie some other nations. - But seldome or neuer (especiallie of the learned and most curious - writers) is the same in our English directions, at any time accustomed. - Onelie this, where letters are directed from one or more of the - Councell to an inferiour Magistrate or person, or from some noble man - to such, whom hee intertaineth not in any estate of societie or equall - familiaritie, the maner of commendations (which with vs is retained for - an order of Salutation or gréeting) runneth lightlie in the beginning - of the Letter, and customablie is deliuered in this forme. <em>After - our heartie commendations vnto your L.</em> if it bee from a number of - the Counsell to a Noble man, or otherwise in the singular number vnto - an inferiour person, as thus. <em>After my heartie commendations vnto - you.</em> But otherwise writing seriouslie to anie man, - <span class="sidenote">Maner of salutations.</span> the greeting if - it be to one far our better is turned, to an acknowledgment of some - kind of dutie, or reuerent account, and that most commonly at the end - of the Letter, which likewise in equalitie falleth out in such place - to be mentioned. And being in familiarities is to no place tied, but - beginning, middle, or ending of the Letter, all is one, as séemeth - most consonant to the vaine & disposition of the partie, and these - also at all times not deliuered in the selfe worde of gréeting or - commendations, but by diuerse <em>Epithets</em>, and fine conueiances, - as falleth out to the matter of the Epistle, and the conditions of - the partie to be handled. This being at the end of the Letter, there - shall immediatelie follow the order of farewell, which ioyning so hard - thereupon as it doeth, wee will put them both in one example of wordes - and <em>Epithets</em>,<span class="sidenote">Epithets.</span> togither - with the subscriptions, for the easier - instruction of the learner, and his better remembrance, referring the - notes of euerie of them to their places, where afterwards they are vsed - in their seuerall Letters.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_5">Diuerse orders of greetings, farewels and sub-<br /> - scriptions. <i>Cap. 5</i>.</h3> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">13</span></p> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_a1.png" width="100" height="100" alt='A' /></span>Cknowledging - my selfe deepelie bounde<span class="sidenote">Greetings of humilitie or - acknowledgment of dutie.</span> vnto your L. for manie - sundrie fauours: I doe remaine in all humble reuerrence. Finding my - selfe manie wayes beholding vnto your exceeding courtesies, I ende. - Remembring howe much I am indebted vnto your L. for your sundrie - benefites: I conferre the regard thereof to my present imaginations, - and doe beseech thereof at your honourable handes an euerlasting - continuance. All humble loyaltie and seruice protested vnto your - honorable calling, I rest nowe and perpetuallie your L. &c. Fearing in - speeches, neuer with sufficiencie to manifest the conceit I haue of - your most honourable fauours: I solace my selfe with the remembrance, - and humblie leaue your L. to your woonted perseuerance. Praying the - Almightie to haue your L. euermore in his gratious protection, I - humblie take my leaue. Your worship in this, besides manie other - occasions hauing perpetuallie bound mee, how can I but rest such, - as you haue expected and shall euer find me. Eftsoones recording - my bounden seruice vnto your worship and my good Ladie, I remaine - as euer before. Not forgetting howe manie wayes I am charged, in - dutifull remembrance towards you, I rest as I haue protested. More - grieued at my mishap and disabilitie, then wanting either will or - liking to doe seruice vnto you: I affix my selfe euermore vpon the - acceptance of your woonted cuʳtesie, and humblie there withall do - take my leaue: Commending the safetie and good estate of your worship - to the Almighties protection, I rest in all dutifull regard to the - same. Rather desirous to shewe my selfe thankful, then otherwise - able in like sort to giue you any requital, I continue, &c. Binding - my self by all possible indeuors, neuer to be fréed from the charge - of so excéeding benefites, I wish I might as I would, be vnto you in - verie deed, &c. Wishing vnto you and yours, as much happinesse, as my - selfe am clogged with carefulnesse, I surcease. Desiring vnto you no - worse successe in these and all other your laudable endeuors, - <span class="sidenote">Greetings familiar.</span> then my - selfe haue eftsoones craued in performance of my chiefest trauels, - I recommend you to the tuition of the Almightie. Not forgetting our - accustomed gréetings and interchangeable welwishings, my hastie Letter - taketh<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">14</span> ende. Weighing howe much you are alreadie busied, and not - willing to keepe you further occupied, I ende my long and tedious - discourse, beeing in nothing exempted from woonted salutations, and - accustomed kind of greetings. Thinke not though my haste be such, but - that I remember (notwithstanding all this breuitie) how greatlie I - stand charged both to you and yours, to whome, and all the rest to you - knowne I eftsoones commend me. Reioycing not a little at the health of - you and all other our friends, I hartily bid you fare well. Reiocing - my self on your wel-wishing, and the hope I haue to be returned in - safetie I commend my hap to fortune, and our gouernement to the - Almightie. Rendring vnto you as manie thankes, as I conceiued comfort - of your good intreatings, I leaue to detaine you. Omitting what else - to bee amplified in these or anie other occasions I expect your happie - returne, and in hope thereof doe bid you farewell. Knowing howe well I - loue you, the lesse ceremonies I néede to vse in greeting you, onlie - you shall remember to your parents in most hartie maner to commend mee. - Salute I praie you your friendes in my name, and thinke in my best and - serious wishes I neuer forget you. My father willed me in his behalfe - to salute you, and all the rest of your acquaintance here do most - hartilie greete you. Forget not in what sort I haue heretofore receiued - you, and thinke in the selfe same maner I do still intertaine you. My - gréetings to our friend R. let not bee vnremembred, and deeme that in - all my vowes I haue (vnto you all) most heartilie wished. I had almost - let slip my commendations vnto your brother, which for anie thing I - would not had bene forgotten, vpon whom, as of greatest choic, I will - make my reposing.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The liking I haue to N. maketh mee here to remember him whose good - demeanour as your own, I haue in chiefest reckoning. My gréetings and - paper haue all one ende togither, onelie our friendship indissoluble - can neuer be forgotten.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Thinke how exceedinglie I haue alwaies well wished vnto you, and - accordinglie thereunto measure the rest of mine affections towards - you. Haste compelleth mee to ende sooner than I would, wherin - notwithstanding I can neuer omit sufficientlie to gréete you, eftsoones - recognizing as behooueth, your especall good liking towards me, - &c.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">15</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">Innummerable of these and such like might be imagined both in - greetings and farewels, the course whereof beeing furnished with such - varietie as it is, I haue left the residue vnto the conceit of the - learner, accounting the plentie herein set down, for anie studious - follower to be alreadie sufficient.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And now to the Subscriptions, the diuersities whereof are (as - best they may be allotted in sence) to either of these to bee placed, - forwarned alwaies vnto the vnskilfull herein,<span class="sidenote">Subscriptions.</span> - that writing to anie person of account, by howe much the more excellent hee is in calling - from him in whose behalfe the Letter is framed, by so much the lower, - shall the subscription thereunto belonging, in any wise be placed.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And if the state of honour of him to whome the Letter shall be - directed doe require so much, the verie lowest margent of paper shall - do no more but beare it, so be it the space bee seemelie for the name, - and the roome fairre inough to comprehend it, which Subscriptions in - all sortes to be handled shall passe in this or the like order or - substance.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Your L. most deuoted and loyallie affected. - <span class="sidenote">Maner and varietie of subscriptions.</span> Your Honours most - assured in whatsoeuer seruices. Your L. in whatsoeuer to be commanded. - The most affectionate vnto your L. of all others. Hee that hath vowed - to liue and die in your Honourable seruice. Your L. most faithfull - and obedient Sonne. Your La. louing and obedient Daughter. Who but by - your L. is onelie to be commaunded. Whose heart is your Honours, and - his life by your L. to be disposed. He that liueth not but for your - worship, and to doe you seruice. Whose regard stretcheth vnto your - Worship more then vnto anie others. He that vnto your worship hath - vowed to become most assured. Whome none haue euer bound so much, as - the deserts of your L. Your L. in all humblenes. Your Honours euer to - be commaunded. At your worships command. Your La. most bounden and - affectionate. At your honourable direction. Alwaies attendant vpon - your L. pleasure. Your worships in all good account. Yours euer louing - and most assured. To none so much as your selfe. Hee that in all - accounts tendereth your welfare. Whome by your onelie curtesie you haue - conuinced. The same which I accept from you, and not otherwise. Such - as I am, or as you wish to finde me. He that in his liking is onlie - yours.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">16</span> Whome you haue euer knowne, but neuer prooued. Whose - liking onelie accounteth of your worthinesse. Such as you haue euer founde me, - and not otherwise. Yours in what soeuer to bee imploied. More chary of - your welfare, then carefull of himselfe. Yours as you like to haue me. - Yours faithfull and euer assured. Yours or not his owne. He who found - you, but neuer knew you. He that once fauoured you, but sithence hath - vowed neuer to regarde you. Whose liking by your ingratitude hath beene - quenched. In whose account you once were, but now abandoned. Who once - wished to loue, but could neuer hate thee. Whom thy deserts haue made - an enemie. Whom hereby you may win, (if you list) for euer to become a - friend. To each one louing, but to the most charie. Whose heart shall - faile in any thing, sooner then in conceit towardes thee. Hée, whose in - loialtie thou didst protest to be. Who liueth not but to pursue thee. - Who euer looked on, but neuer loued thee. The same as you left me. Such - as you saw when you departed from me. The same and none other, which I - haue euer seemed to be. Whose worde hath bounde him, and faith shall - assure him. Yours most affectionate. Yours deuoted till death. Yours - while life swaieth within me. Yours as far forth as anie others. &c. - with manie other applications, whose <em>Epithets</em> are infinite, - and rather vpon the cause suggested then otherwise, to bee euermore - added, altered, or conceiued. These and the others may only suffice for - the present purpose, referring what else to be expected, to the regarde - of a more curious or delicate inuention.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And herein I thought good to aduertise the learner, that sometimes - it falleth out, that this acknowledgement - <span class="sidenote">Acknowledgemēt of duty in the Exordium.</span> of dutie, mentioned in the - beginning of the greetings and farewels, is in diuers Letters expressed - in the foremost part, and the <em>Exordium</em> thereupon framed: (for - that the same in truth is one of the parts thereunto belonging effected - in the person or condition of him to whom we write) which to doe, if - in his writing also the same maie be deemed necessarie, he maie then - vse some other order of farewell or taking leaue, either by imitation - of others, or if hee thinke meete, what herein else prescribed, - consonant and agreeing to the state and reputation of the same - partie to whome hee writeth. Now then shall followe the directions, - which on the outside<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">17</span> of euerie Letter (the same being made vp and - sealed) are alwaies fired, and commonlie are termed by the name of - Superscriptions.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_6">Of Superscriptions and Directions. <i>Cap. 6.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_a2.png" width="120" height="120" alt='A' /></span>Mong - the auncient Romanes, when learning first grewe vnto skilfull - perfecton,<span class="sidenote">Superscriptions and directions of the Romanes.</span> - and men first deuised excellentlie to write, then there - began to be extant in memorie, diuers formes of writing immediatlie, by - the name and title of Epistles, to be published to the posterity. In - the directions whereof, animated as I thinke with the vertues of their - parents, and accounting it (as in truth it was then so reputed) to be a - great honour vnto them, to be intituled with the name of the principall - author of their families, they sought no farther stile of magnificence, - but (were his parentage neuer so statelie or honorable) being therewith - contented, did onlie vpon such regard intitle their directions. For - who that hath bin but ordinarilie acquainted with the histories of - their actes, but knoweth and hath read, with what reuerence, those - times (greedy of vertue,) entertained the honorable desertes of such, - as for the common-wealth, and publicke aduancement of the state, - had either aduenturouslie hazarded, or couragiouslie lost a fraile, - vncertaine, or transitorie life, to the intent to purchase vnto their - country quiet, honour, or victorie, and to themselues and posteritie, - eternized fame and euer flourishing glorie. Neither was their country - vnkind vnto them herein, which for their sakes, and for the reuerend - regarde of their vertues, haue compensed the loue which to their - parents they could not shewe, to their children and succession in manie - degrées after them.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Such were the families of the <em>Gracchi, Fabij, Cornelij, - Hortentij, Horatij, Metelli, Amilij, Scipiones</em> and <em>Fabritij</em>. - Whereby I coniecture that the custome hereof, by such - emulation adorned, became afterwardes a dignitie, and so succeeded in - honour to euerie posteritie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">These <em>Romans</em> therefore, vsed onlie, in the front of - their letters to write first their owne names, titles adoptiue, and - surnames,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">18</span> after that, his to whom they wrote, and lastlie their - salutation or maner of greetings: giuing also like aditions vnto the - other as to him belonged, whether it were by familie, office, or some - other dignitie. And this was the forme. <em>M. T. Cicero. M. Varoni. - Sal. dicit</em>, or <em>C. Cæsar: Comelio Balbo salutem dicit</em>. But - that custome according to the antiquity of the time, is long since - worne out, and these dates and seasons haue induced vnto vs for euerie - estate of calling, a more statelie reuerence according to the dignitie - and worthines of the same.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The reuerend maiesty of Emperours, Kings and Princes, being aduāced - with a more excellency and supreame magnificence. The names of Dukes, - Marquises, Earles, barons and other magistrates, with more solemne and - honourable titles.</p> - - <div class="sidenote">Diuersity of Estates.</div> - - <p class="antiqua">The offices of estate and places most noble, amplified with larger - honours, and names accordant to their seuerall dignities.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And albeit few are the number, that herein shall be occasioned to - occupy their pen, but (knoweth on almost euerie daie) maie vnderstand - the formall application of euerie personages honour or worship: yet in - so much as all sortes are not perfectlie skilled, nor euerie man liueth - in place so conuenient to vnderstand it, and that it hath beene parcell - of a prescribed order so to doe, by those that haue written the like - methode, I will set downe so manie examples of estates for directions, - as to the matter and purpose hereof maie be adiudged conuenient, - beginning from the highest that are or haue beene latelie accustomed - in our common wealth (the soueraign Maiestie excepted) vnto the meaner - and most ordinary bred, and in present practise amongst vs. And first, - with the dignitie of Archbishop, to whom in this sort we frame our - direction.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">To the most reuerend Father in God, the L. Archbishop of - Canturburie,<span class="sidenote">Directions to an Archbishop. Bishop.<br />Duke.</span> - or York, Primate of England, and Metropolitane his verie - good grace. To the right reuerende Father in God, and my verie good - Lorde, the L. Bishop of London. To the high and mightie Prince, L. Duke - of B. his most noble grace. To the right honourable and my especiall - good L. the Lorde Chauncellor,<span class="sidenote">L. Chancellor. L. Treasurer. Earles - and in office.</span> or Lord high Treasurer of England. To - the right Honorable the Lorde Marquese of W. To the right Honourable - the Earle of E. Lorde Lieutenant for her maiestie in the, &c. To the - right Honourable the Earle of H. Lorde President of her<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">19</span> Maiesties - most honorable Councell established in the North. To the right Honorable, - and my singular good L. the lorde B.<span class="sidenote">Lords knights of the - priuie councell.</span> one of the lords of her highnes - most honourable priuy Councell. To the right honorable sir W. M. knight, - Chancellour of the Exchequer, and of her Maiesties most honorable priuy - Councel. To the right honorable and my singular good Lord and father, - or ladie mother, the Earle or Countesse of N. To the right honourable - and my verie good ladie, the ladie A. Countesse of W. To the most noble - ladie and Paragon of all vertue, the ladie M. H. To the right vertuous - ladie endued with all singularitie, the ladie F. D. To the most noble - and towardlie yong Gentleman G. T. esquire, if hee be a noble mans - sonne vnder the degrée of a Baron. To the right honourable sir W. S. - knight, L. Maior of the citie of L. To the right worshipfull W. L. - esquire, one of the Iudges of her Maiesties court of common Pleas. To - the right worshipfull and my singular good ladie mother, the Ladie D. H. - To my verie good father, W. C. Marchant of the citie of B. To the right - worshipfull his especiall good maister, M. R. Marchant and Alderman of - L. To my seruant R. D. at C. &c.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Other examples besides these were needelesse to set downe, for - that if any alteration at all happen herein, it is by reason of - familiaritie, addition of offices, or change of titles. Onlie let - herewith be noted, that when Letters doe passe from some number of the - Counsell, or from any Lord of the same, to a noble man or knight, these - directions of honour and worship are seldome vsed. But rather thus. - To our verie good L. sir W. R. knight, lord Deputie of Ireland. To our - verie good L. the L. Maior of the citie of L. and to our verie louing - friends W. C. and R. P. Aldermen of the same. To my verie good lord, - the L. T. H. To my verie louing friend, sir. T. P. knight. To our verie - louing friends sir R. S. knight, <i>Custos rotulorum</i> - of her Maiesties Count. of B. and R. W. and S. P. esquires, Iustices - of peace of the same Shire. The like directions also are vsed of an - Earle, to any of these estates to him inferiour in calling, and of a - Baron to a Iustice of peace, but commonlie they will adde the title of - worship.</p> - - <div class="chapter"> - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">20</span> - <h3 class="nobreak" id="Chap_7">The diuisions of Letters and vnder what titles all sortes<br /> - of Epistles are contained. <i>Cap 7.</i></h3> - </div> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_a5.png" width="75" height="75" alt='A' /></span>Lbeit - the diuersitie of Epistles are (as I saide before) as - manifold as are the sundrie occurrents, or rather imaginations of mens - fantasies: yet for so much as it seemeth pertinent vnto this Method - to induce their varieties vnto some particular titles, by such meanes - the rather to bring the learner into a speciall forme, whereby for his - necessitie or present turne to applie the same. I haue thought good - in imitation of the best and most learned iudgements of our time, to - drawe the sundrie parts thereof, vnder foure especiall heads, that is - to saie: <em>Demonstratiue, Deliberatiue, Iudiciall</em>, and - <em>Familiar Letters</em>. And howbeit the rules prescribed vnto either - of these, maie vnder their seuerall heads séeme to be particularlie - allotted, yet are they in nature so neerelie conioyned togither, as - hardlie shall you in anie of the first three fall into their particular - distinctions, but lightlie in one sort or other, you shall run into the - natures of the others.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">For proofe whereof, and this to open more plainlie, let vs first - lay downe their properties in seuerall, and then sée by association - each with other how néerlie they do participate in their qualities. - You shall then vnderstande that this <em>Demonstratiue</em> kinde, - hath the name of a declaration, deliuerie or shewing of some one thing - or other, the distinctions of the Epistles thereunder contained, - are <em>Descriptorie</em>, in which bee described the manners and - conuersations of men, all vertues, vices and qualities both of bodie - and mind. Honorable chalenges, combats, entertainmēts, attempts, - orders of common weales, gouermnents, and estates, countries, cities, - hilles, valleies, fields, prospects, buildings and walkes, with their - pleasures and scituations. <em>Laudatorie</em>, wherein is speciallie - praysed anie thing, and <em>Vituperatorie</em>, in which is misliked or - condemned whatsoeuer maie be thought worthie either to bee abhorred or - dispraysed.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The <em>Deliberatiue</em> is so named, of the large comprehension - it hath of sundry causes and matters, being not almost tied to any - particular occasion or purpose: His distinctions are <em>Hortatorie</em>, - and <em>Dehortatorie: Swasorie</em> and <em>Disswasorie</em>, not - much vnlike<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">21</span> together in their orders and properties: the natures - of the first being to exhort, counsell, aduise, or perswade to anie thing, - of the other, to withdraw, disswade or reduce to another meaning. - <em>Conciliatorie</em>, which serueth in acquiring of friendship of - acquaintance. <em>Reconciliatorie</em>, in reconcilement of kinred, - friends, or other persons. <em>Petitorie</em>, in suing for, or crauing - of anie thing. <em>Commendatorie</em>, in preferring the seruices, - persons or good qualities, of anie one. <em>Consolatorie</em>, in - comforting at times of troubles, sorrowe, or mishaps. <em>Monitorie</em>, - in forewarning, admonishing, or counselling from mischiefs. - <em>Reprehensorie</em>, in reprehending or correcting of errours and - behauiours. <em>Amatorie</em>, in matters of louing.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The <em>Iudiciall</em> is so called, in that it comprehendeth - matters lawfull, vnlawfull, or questionable to be handled: The - distinctions thereof are, <em>Accusatorie</em>, containing matter of - accusation. <em>Excusatorie</em>, which is occupied in excusing. - <em>Expostulatorie</em>, in reasoning of causes. <em>Purgatorie</em>, in - clearing or auoydance of thinges charged. <em>Defensorie,</em> in - defence of the action. <em>Exprobatorie</em>, in reproching or - obtruding of benefites vpon cause of vnthankfulnes. <em>Deprecatorie</em>, - in praying of pardon of a thing committed, and <em>Inuectiue</em>, - inueighing agaynst ill natures, qualities, occasions or persons.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now the distinctions of these heades being thus laide open by - particular titles, we will see how neere in writing they concurre or - fall in, each with others. True is it, (as shall be séene in some - examples hereafter following) that touching the first head beeing - <em>Demonstratiue</em>, it sometimes falleth out in causes of aduertisement, - or relation of thinges made, that the title <em>Descriptorie</em> is - manie times meerlie in it selfe handled, without entring into anie - other particular addition or occasion, but in the other titles - of <em>Laudatorie</em> and <em>Vituperatorie</em>, not so. For how - can I either praise or discommend anie thing, without falling into - a <em>Description</em> of those persons, things or qualities, which - I disallow or commend. Againe, for the <em>Deliberatiue</em> kinde - in <em>Hortatorie, Dehortatorie, Swasorie</em> and <em>Disswasorie, - Commendatorie, Monitorie</em> or <em>Reprehensorie</em>, how can I - exhort, counsell, aduise, withdraw, commend, admonish or reprehende, - if therein I set not forth what is woorthie or vnfit, what to be - praysed, estéemed, disallowed, or eschued: which can not bee, without - of necessitie I fall into the partes<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">22</span> <em>Descriptorie, - Laudatorie</em> and <em>Vituperatorie</em>. Likewise in matters <em>Consolatorie, - Conciliatorie</em> & <em>Reconciliatorie</em>, howe I maie comfort seeke - friends, or reconcile, if the partes <em>Hortatorie</em> and - <em>Swasorie</em>, be absent. So also for the iudiciall, if either I - accuse, excuse, expostulate, defende, reproach, intreate, or inueigh, - it must be done with the laying out of vices, and aduauncement of - vertues, in manifesting what is good, and setting forth what is euill, - neither of which, can be without matter <em>Descriptorie, Laudatorie</em>, - and <em>Vituperatorie</em>. By all which it appeareth, that - (howbeit these seuerall titles stand thus diuided) yet are the matters - of the same diuerslie wrapped togither, and the precepts seruing to - the one, must of necessitie by a like conueyance be drawne into an - obseruation with the other: notwithstanding for ease of the learner, - and to the end he may with more readines find out what best fitteth and - beseemeth the cause hee hath in handling, they bee thus drawne forth as - you see into so many particular distinctions.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Touching nowe our <em>Familiar Letters</em>, they also are to bee - drawne vnder their seuerall titles, as <em>Narratorie</em>, and - <em>Nunciatorie</em>, somewhat falling into the demonstratiue kind before - remembred, wherein we expresse and declare to those farre from vs, the - matters or newes presentlie in hand amongst vs: <em>Gratulatorie</em>, - wherein wee reioyce each with others of the good happes of fortune - betiding vs. <em>Remuneratorie</em>, being a gratefull relation - of cortesies, benefites or good turnes receiued. <em>Iocatorie</em>, - wherewith by a pleasant and swéete kinde of deliuerie of some - pretie conceit or iest, the minde is recreated. <em>Obiurgatorie</em>, - in which wee rebuke the ill demeanours of our children, seruants, - kindred, or acquaintance. <em>Mandatorie</em>, whereby wee commit - expreslie our affaires to such as we haue authoritie, either to - commaunde or intreate to be dispatched. To these and the others before - mentioned are manie Epistles <em>Responsorie</em>, the titles whereof - cannot be certaine, but examples and occasions plentifull: all which - I referre to their peculiar places each one, as they are suted forth - to be in their kindes deliuered. And now will we passe vnto the other - hereafter to bee obserued in deliuerie of Examples, accordant vnto - the seuerall titles of all these forenamed Epistles, and first of - Epistles <em>Descriptorie</em>.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">23</span></p> - <h3 id="Chap_8">Of Epistles meerely Descriptory and the parts<br /> - thereof. <i>Chap. 8.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_f2.png" width="110" height="110" alt='F' /></span>Orsomuch - as in Descriptions, are (as I saide before) onelie - declared and set foorth at large, the maner, order, state, gouernment, - proportion goodnesse or value of anie thing: the Epistles consisting - solie thereof, be commonlie without addition at all, either of praise - or mislike, or anie other intendment, in respect whereof they might - in anie one iote varie from that title of <em>Descriptorie</em>. - <span class="sidenote">Parts in Epistle Descriptory.</span> The - force hereof besides the <em>Exordium</em>, comprehendeth chieflie - a <em>narration</em>, throughout, in which is contained (by laying - out the seuerall parts thereof) a perfect and plain demonstration or - description of any thing: In these sortes of Epistles, the excellency - of the writer, and painter concurreth in one, who the more that each - of them studieth by perfection,<span class="sidenote">Comparison of the writer and painter.</span> - to touch al things to the quick, by - so much the more neerer doe they both aspire to that exquisit kind - of cunning, that in each of these differences, is absolutely to be - required. The curious painter<span class="sidenote">Painter.</span> - in drawing a perfect peece of - <em>Lantskip</em>, presenteth many things vnto the eie, the conceit whereof - is maruellous: for with great admiration we do there séeme to behold, - the most pleasant and goodlie vallies: Woods hie and decked with - statelie trées (some tops whereof the wind seemeth to wreath and turne - at one side) then goodly riuers, hie waies and walkes, large situate & - high climing hils and mountains, far prospects of Cities, steeples, and - Towers, ships sayling on seas, and waues blown vp aloft, the element - cleere, faire and temperate, with some shining beames shadowing and - spreading ouer all these, wherein seemeth the delight so rare, and - climate so perfect, as verie desire prouoketh a man to gaze of it, - as a thing in present life, and most certaine viewe. And do I praie - you, our excellent writers degenerate at all from anie part of these? - Doeth not the learned <em>Cosmographer</em> in acquainting vs with the - vnknowne delights,<span class="sidenote">Writer.</span> scituation, plenty and riches of Countries which we - neuer sawe, nor happilie maie euer approch vnto, rauish vs oftentimes, - and<span class="sidenote">Ptolemy and other writers, <i>de situ orbis</i>.</span> - bring in contempt the pleasures of our owne soyle: and manie - times a huge woonder,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">24</span> of the vnheard secrets neuer before - reported of, the incredible operations of diuers thinges, and state so high - and magnificent, such as the verie description and liuelie deliuery - whereof, maketh vs beleeue that our eies do almost witnes the same, - and that our verie sences are partakers of euerie delicacie in them - contained. But omitting the wight hereof, consisting in these worlds - of such strange accompt, with that fine inuention doeth <em>Virgil</em> - <span class="sidenote">Virgil in his Aenidos.</span> - manie times in his <em>Aeneidos</em>, and with howe much varietie - describe vnto vs the tides of the morning? Howe greatlie in his first - booke doth he amuse the reader, with the lamentable shipwracke, and - euen then (as it were) appearing surges, and intollerable turmoils vpon - the sea happening to <em>Aeneas</em>? What darknesse, what tempestes, - what rising and deepest fall of waues againe, what winds, what mingling - of heauen and earth together doth hee there relate? Then after, his - arriuall on shore and presenting to Queene <em>Dido</em>, howe is the - destruction of <em>Troy</em> in the person of <em>Aeneas</em> to her - described? In the fourth booke likewise, what an excellent description - maketh he of <em>Fame</em>? How he sheweth the banquet by the - <em>Queene</em> to <em>Aeneas</em> made, and how liuelie is the state and - magnificence thereof deliuered? Innumerable of these, both from him - and the <em>Transformed shapes of Ouid</em><span class="sidenote">Ouidii Metamorphoseos.</span> - coulde I here recorde, the excellencie of each being such, as by the forceable vtterance thereof - bréedeth as great delight as astonishment vnto the curious searcher of - the same. And in as much as I haue vndertaken to conduct the learner by - example,<span class="sidenote">Example.</span> howe to behaue himselfe in some sort herein, we will proceed - with our <em>Epistles Descriptory</em>, the first wherof following, - maie seeme to bee sent from a traueller to a friend of his in England, - the mater whereof ensueth.</p> - - <h4><span class="large">An example of a latter Descriptory, wherein is particu-</span><br /> - <i>larly described an ancient City, by laying down the<br /> - seuerall parts thereof.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY good Vncle, the remembrance of your charge giuen me, & my promise - <span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium</i> Or a charge giuen, and promise made.</span> to - you made at my departure out of <em>England</em>, bindeth me (at my nowe - being in quiet, and with good leasure setled in <em>Germany</em>) that - I should returne vnto you againe,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">25</span> my accustomed and dutifull - regard, in sort as I haue euer endeuoured my selfe to do vnto you.<span class="sidenote">Narratio.</span> It may then - please you, that remaining with my L. the Duke but a fewe daies at - <em>Geneua</em>, wee hasted thence to a Citie, called <em>Noremberge</em>, - being imperiall, scituate in the high partes of <em>Germany</em>, where - sithence wee haue almost continually remained. And albeit I could - somewhat write vnto you of our passages through diuers places of the - Country, yet insomuch as there is no part thereof so memorable as - this citie wherein we now remaine, the description thereof at this - present may solie content you. The Citie therefore, as it seemeth is - most ancient, and as many doe suppose and affirme, at that time when - the Country was first in subiection to the Empire of <em>Rome</em>, was - builded by <em>Nero</em> the Emperour, and of him taketh his name, as - <em>Noremberghe</em>, in signification <em>Neros berghe</em>, and so much - the rather doth it appeare, by sundry auncient monumentes therein yet - remaining. The Citie (besides that it is situate in a most delicate and - pleasant soyle,<span class="sidenote">Scituation.</span> wooded and watered most plentifully on euerie side, - with goodlie Trees, faire and delicate Riuers and springes,) is both of - great strength in the walles of the same, and plentifully builded with - high and statelie Towers on euerie part. The edificies of the Citie are - rare,<span class="sidenote">Buildings.</span> and of most sumptuous and statelie appearaunce, insomuch that - there is no one house in any rowe that exceedeth another in height, - but all of them builded leuell, by a verie Geometricall proportion. - The insides are not more polished with riches and ornamentes of great - beauty, then the outsides with brauerie, the verie fronts<span class="sidenote">Deckings.</span> of all which, - aswell of rich as poore, are most curiously embossed in a hard kinde of - substance (such I thinke as is our plaster of Paris) with artificiall - and liuely pictures, conteining histories of diuers memorable, and - strange effectes, and that with such wonderfull excellency, as any - waies may bee conceiued. The cost hereof is continually maintayned, - repaired, enlarged, and preserued, by a generall contribution of the - most worthy and honourable of the Citie. Besides, the colours so fresh, - so braue, and delicate laide in oyle, for defence against weather, - wherewith they are beautified and set forth, are verie straunge. The - streetes<span class="sidenote">Streets.</span> are wide, faire, and excellentlie well paued. The stone they - vse for the most part is marble, white, gray, and blacke, whereof is - great plentie, besides other kindes, which verie wonderfully they cut - and square in diuers small proportions<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">26</span> artificiallie pointed and - shaped. The houses are not high, but backwarde builte, and inwardelie - large. This Citie retaineth yet the auncient gouernement of the - <em>Romanes</em>, for at this instant they haue their<span class="sidenote">Gouernment</span> <em>Consuls</em>, - <em>Tribunes</em>, <em>Senators</em>, <em>Pretors</em>, <em>Quæstors</em>, - <em>Aediles</em> and other interchangeable offices, as sometimes had - <em>Rome</em>, beeing in her greatest prosperitie. The attire also alike - to their dignities of all sortes of honourable personages, accustomed - to their callinges. Plaine are their habites<span class="sidenote">Habit of the people.</span> for the most part, and - nothing sumptuous, retaining still one, and the selfe same ancient - fashion. The constitution of their bodies as wel men as women, are - faire, cleare, and of sounde complexion. Frugall in diet and expence, - and nothing prodigall. My L. the Duke is here of great sway, and - entertained with honorable accompt. <span class="sidenote">Concluso</span>Thus much haue I thought good to - aduertise you in discharge of my debt and your desire, attending by the - returne of this messenger the newes of your good health. To whom & al - other our friends, in sound and good affection I eftsoones do recommend - me. At <em>Noremberghe</em> this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>Another example wherein the state of a Coun-<br /> - trey is soly described.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">I Doubt not N. but that thy hart longeth, and mind is yet vnquieted, - <span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i> Of their accustomed friendship.</span>because of my suddaine departure from - thee, and ignorance of my estate - and present being, whereof that thy desires may nowe at full be - resolued: know my good N. that not hauing beene scarce sixe moneths - from thee, I did long since perceiue my selfe to bee out of England, - and that it may appeare vnto thee, that I haue iust cause so to say, - thou shalt somewhat vnderstande by mee the state of this Countrey. - Wee liue heere in a soile delicate I must confesse for the ayre, - <span class="sidenote">Narratio. Pleasant ayre vnfrequented.</span> and - pleasant for the situation: with good leasure (I must tell thee) may - we here attend our deuotions, as hauing no care wherewith to encumber - vs, but the needlesse search of that whereof wee neuer find likelihood - to annoy vs.<span class="sidenote"><i>In voluntary abstinence.</i></span> - As vncompelled by seuere decrees and interdictions, we - limit vnto ourselues an abstinence, thou mightst think we do it of - zeale, but in truth it is of want, wherein we haue more fasting daies - by a great manie then ability to beare them. Our conuersation<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">27</span> is - with elements, with waters, with fieldes, with trees, with valleyes, with - hilles, with beasts, in the general vse whereof, wee find nothing - else but their proper shapes. And if by chaunce any other sorts of - creatures do appeare, they are naked shapes formed as men and women, - fierce, sauage, wilde, not capable of anie our reasons, nor we of their - speeches. Our foode is rootes, dried fishes, berries, and I knowe not - what other harsh<span class="sidenote">Hard feeding.</span> kind of fruits, and sometime foules, besides a kind - of graine growing in great cods wherby we somtimes obtain (though - not the naturall) yet some vse of bread, vnlike to that you eat, in - taste, goodnes, or propertie. Our lodgings<span class="sidenote">Ill lodging.</span> and places of repose are - caues, entrenched in the ground, the earth our beds, and clothes our - couerings. And these also hard as they are, enioy wee not in quiet, - but being awaited of the naked multitude (whose policies insinuate by - nature are farre greater then their strength)<span class="sidenote">Danger.</span> wee are faine by much - industrie to preuent them: into whose hands if any of vs doe chaunce - to fall, our dead carkasses in hastie morsels are conueied into their - intrailes. Hereby iudging of our estate, thou mayest accordinglie - deeme of our pleasures. The next message that thou shalt attend from - mee, shall bee my speedie returne, the seas and windes being not lesse - fauourable then they were at my going forth. Meane while recommend - my selfe to thy wel-wishing, and our safeties to God, I ende as thou - knowest, this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An example wherein the death of a nobleman<br /> is - onelie described.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THE decease (good Madame)<span class="sidenote">Exordium. - Of the cause it selfe.</span> of my Lorde your brother, hath occasioned - vnto your Lad. the sight of these Letters, wherein I haue rather - acquited my selfe of that whereunto by your honourable commaunde I was - enioyned, then anie wayes satisfied the griefe that by my selfe among - manie others, for his losse is intirelie conceyued. The manner whereof - may please you nowe to bee informed of,<span class="sidenote">Narratio.</span> which was thus. On Tuesday - beeing the thirteenth of this instant, hauing as it then seemed vnto - his L. and others, beene reasonablie well recouered from the woonted - force of his long consuming disease, beeing importuned by the dispatch - of some present affayres, as otherwise to haue<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">28</span> some conference - with her Maiestie, hee went from his house of B. to the Court, where all - that day hee remained, and returned againe at night, not for all this, - finding himselfe at all disquieted at the least motion of anie the - pangs wherewith before time hee had so often been vexed. The most part - of that night hee was verie well reposed.<span class="sidenote">Sudden sickenesse.</span> Towardes morning the next - daie, he beganne somewhat to be agreeued, but nothing as accustomed: in - which state the most part of that day hee continued. At night againe - hauing eaten some small pittance to supper, towardes nine of the clocke - hee beganne most vehementlie to bee passioned, till which time wee - all had verie good expectation of his health and recouerie, which his - L. perceyuing, after hee had beene a while set vp in his bedde, hee - sayde, I knowe my good friends<span class="sidenote">Declaration of his speeches.</span> - and faithfull louing seruaunts, that the - great zeale and loue you doo beare vnto mee, is a vehement occasion - to kindle in you a desire of wel-wishing, and intendment of assured - safetie towardes mee, wherein I haue more cause to thanke your good - willes, then meane thereby to imagine the force of my disease to bee - lesse then long since I expected, and exceedinglie in my selfe haue - euer doubted, what wordes of comfort, protraction and delayes so euer, - haue by the Physitions to the contrarie beene vsed. One great and - exceeding comfort vnto mee is, that liuing, I euer loyallie demeaned - my selfe: and dying, I shall depart this worlde in her Maiesties good - grace, and especiall fauour. Next vnto that, the loue of you my dearest - friendes and entirelie beloued seruants and followers, whose hearts I - knowe doe pursue mee, and whose affections euen to the last gaspe of - death I am perswaded to bee euer firme and fixed towardes mee. Your - desires are, I knowe, that I shoulde liue, according vnto which the - least mitigation that may bee of my griefe, you measure by & by to the - hope of amendment, which is not so. For that in all the comfortable - speeches, that sundrie times I haue receiued from you, my selfe to - whome the inwarde effects thereof haue beene found most forcible, haue - euer mistrusted, and by manie probable circumstances adiudged the - contrarie. Long time endure I cannot, this knowe I well, happelie a - daie, two or three, I may yet bee conuersant among you, for my disease, - that standeth assured (the messenger whereof continuallie knocketh - at the doore of my imaginations, readie euerie houre to assault my - heart, and to carrie away with him<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">29</span> the spoyles of a dying - carkasse) will not permit I shall long time trauell in this sort among you. And - for my selfe, stand ye all assertained, that hauing long since poyzed - in equall ballance, the long continuance of a fraile, wretched, and - trauelled life, the most part whereof is caryed away <span class="sidenote">Mislike of the world.</span>in sleepe, - sorrowe, griefe sickenesse, daunger, and the residue also neuer freed - of care and all maner of disquiet, with the hope of an euerlasting ioy, - happines, rest peace, and immortall residence: I finde no reason whie I - should at all affect the toyle of such earthlie tediousnesse. Insomuch - as hauing liued nowe almost threescore and thirteene yeares, and borne - my selfe (honourablie I trust) in all mine actions and seruices, and - further in the progression of my ripest yeares, yea in this verie - instant more then at anie other time am regarded of my Prince, and - esteemed of my Countrey, and among my Peeres reputed in the highest - degree of my fidelitie: I shall nowe die as becommeth my person, - woorthilie and honourablie. Bee you therefore recomforted I pray you, - as I am, and thinke that for all the loue you haue ought me, the - seruices you haue done mee, or tender care you doe yet in my heauiest - pangs beare vnto mee, the chiefest content you can doe vnto mee, is - that you bee satified herein with mee.<span class="sidenote">Certain notice and - liking of death.</span> That beeing verelie resolued - in my soule, of all that I haue here sayde vnto you, and hauing - ordered mine actions, and prepared my selfe thereto accordinglie, I - doe willinglie and with a right contented mind, leaue this transitorie - world so replenished as it is, with so manie grieuous casualties, & - hartilie do giue my bodie to his naturall course, and my soule into the - handes of the mightie Creator, for euer in his glorie (I trust) to bee - eternized. This speech ended, hee continued till after midnight, at - which time hee had about two houres slumber, and so beganne his paine - to encrease againe. In which till Wednesday following, almost in one - state, hee for the most part remained, oftentimes accustoming himselfe - with those that were about him to prayer, manie times, recording to - himselfe the goodnesse of God, and his mercies to him remembred, and - that with such zeale and intire regarde of his hoped repose, as that - it still seemed and was euidentlie apparant howe muche hee longed and - thirsted for the same. In fine, drawing by little and little towardes - an ende, euen in the verie last pang, ioyning his handes vp to heauen, - his heart and eyes thitherwarde fixed, hee recommended eftsoones - himselfe to the mercie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">30</span> of his Redeemer, and on Thursday last - about two in the morning died, to the lamentable griefe of all that were - about him, who heartily sorrowing his losse, were forced to shed teares - aboundantly. The day of the funerall is not yet certaine, but the same - is intended verie honorablie. Recommending my selfe vnto your La. in - all humblenesse, I take my leaue. At our sorrowfull house of B, this - of, &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_9">Of Epistles Laudatorie and Vituperatorie.<br /><i>Chap. 9.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_n1.png" width="120" height="120" alt='N' /></span> - Owe followeth it next, that after these Letters, meere - <em>Descriptorie</em> as you see, we doe treate of the other two partes - appertaining also to this forme, which are <em>Laudatorie</em> and - <em>Vituperatorie</em>, the vse whereof either solelie or intermixed in - any other kind of Epistles, shal of one or more of these causes take - their originall, that is to say, of the <i>Person</i>, - <span class="sidenote">Praise of the person.</span> <i>deeds</i> - or <i>thing</i> it selfe to bee commended, misliked or dispraysed. - <span class="sidenote">1</span>The <i>person</i> of anie one is to be preferred or disabled, by his - birth, <span class="sidenote">2</span>descent, shewe, or abilitie. Secondlie, by his childhoode, or - <span class="sidenote">3</span>good education from his infancie. Thirdlie, of his youth, in which he - is either conuersant in studies of honest life, seriously giuen to - the knowledge of letters, affecting alwayes vnto laudable exercises, - temperat and sober in demeanour, or otherwise accounted dissolute - and wanton, vnhappilie led to the search of whatsoeuer mischiefes, - affectionate to the most basest conditions and practises, not tied to - anie order, but wholie pursuing an vncontroulled <span class="sidenote">4</span>libertie. Fourthlie, - of his manly yeares being frequented with ciuill gouernment, or liuing - altogether without account. Priuately and publikely in all manlie - actions demeaned, or by apparant<span class="sidenote">5</span> loosenes in each place discredited. - Fiftlie, of his olde age, the course whereof is with ancient grauitie - continued, or by al kind of euils most hainously misprised, whose - siluer haires are shining in vertuous happines, or miserable estate - drowned in lothsomnes. Sixtly, in his <span class="sidenote">6</span>ende or departure out of this - world, agreeing to the saying of <i>Solon</i>, <em>No man may be - counted happie before his death</em>. For that in the expectatiō or - attaining therof, as at no time more<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">31</span> in all the life of a man, - then chiefly appeareth, his vertue, constancy, strength & worthinesse, or - otherwise his imbecility, ouerthrow, shame and ignominious filthines. - Besides all these, many likelihoods are often taken either to the - praise or dispraise of the <em>person</em>, by occasion of the nation - or soile from whence he came, where hee was borne or trained. From - the generall condition or application of himselfe or of the people - thereof, by the habite, constitution of the bodie, complexion, looks, - fame, or other circumstances thereunto incident, by the actiuitie, - strength, swiftnes, nimblenes, fauor or beauty of the body. By the - gifts of fortune, as honor, wealth, worship, reputation and kindred. - And forasmuch as these demonstrations of persons are wholy occupied - either in praise or dispraise of their conditions or behauiours: the - chiefest part hereof shall also consist in <em>Narration</em>, without - peraduenture it falleth out in the life of anie one to haue some one or - mo things hapned or of them supposed, ill beseeming or vnworthy their - reputation, which either by defence, excusation, or <em>Confutation</em> - must bee coloured, diminished, or cleerely auoided. Examples whereof do - follow according to their particular occasions: and thus much for the - <i>Persons</i>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In commendation or vituperation of the déeds of any one,<span class="sidenote">Of the - deeds.</span> we shall weigh with our selues what notable actions haue bin, wherein he or she - haue honorably or worthily behaued themselues, or by perpetual infamy - therof haue deserued in each posteritie for euer to be contemned. - Touching things likewise by themselues to bee extolled or disabled, - they are euer measured by the consonance and agréement they haue either - with reputation or dignitie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The goodnesse or badnes,<span class="sidenote">Honest which is tied to - vertue.</span> excellencie or basenesse of any thing, is - gathered from the places of <i>Honestum</i>, <i>Inhonestie</i>, vnder - which is comprehended what is iust or vniust, godlie or wicked, direct - or indirect, worthy or to be dispraised. Honest is alwaies linked to - vertue. For whatsoeuer is either vertue it selfe, or affined with - vertue or deriued from vertue, or conducing to vertue, is absolutelie - declared honest.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The distinguishment of these falleth out to be sorted into foure - principall excellencies, that is, <em>Prudence</em>, <em>Iustice</em>, - <em>fortitude</em> and <em>Temperance</em>, it is therefore to be - intended, that not onelie deedes and actions, but also thinges themselues are - solelie of these, and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">32</span> for these either praised or debased. - Whatsoeuer then by sounde and wholesome perswasion tendeth either to the embracing - of the good, or shunning of the euill.<span class="sidenote">Honest, what it is.</span> Whatsoeuer includeth either - fidelitie, true friendship, equitie, obedience or gratitude. Whatsoeuer - conduceth to true pietie to God, thy Countrie, Parents, children, - and friends. Whatsoeuer appertaineth to the seueritie of the law, to - the admonishing of the wicked, and to the remuneration and defence - of the well deserued. Whatsoeuer tendeth to a tolleration or patient - forebearance of euils, to longanimitie, entring into hazard and dangers - for conscience, for thy countrey, kindred or friends. Whatsoeuer - concerneth chastitie, sobrietie or frugalitie, and seemely moderation - in all thinges, that in each of these is adiudged honest and none - others.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The contrarie hereof, which is <i>Inhonestum</i>, includeth - likewise whatsoeuer is not vertue, or is estranged from vertue, - hindering to vertue,<span class="sidenote">Vnhonest.</span> or in nothing furthering towards vertue, - whatsoeuer is pertinent to follie, iniustic, pusillanimitie, or - excesse, whatsoeuer by the euill therein committed is exempted from - praise. Whatsoeuer carieth perswasion to mischiefe & seducement from - the good. Whatsoeuer appertaineth to infedilitie, falshood, treason, - disobedience, slander, or ingratitude. Whatsoeuer withdraweth from - naturall regard and loue of thy Countrie, parents, children and - friends. Whatsoeuer impugneth the wholesome lawes and estate of euerie - common-wealth, tendeth to a notorious example of euill, hindereth or - blemisheth any others good deseruing. Whatsoeuer enforceth reuengement - vpon euerie small offence, hath in it no meane of sufferance, or - forbearance at all, entertaineth a lawlesse libertie of conscience to - perpetrate or yéeld to any vnlawfull action, or to become iniurious to - thy Country, state or calling. Whatsoeuer is furthering to a dissolute - liuing, vnbrideled lust, couetous tenacitie, prodegality, or detestable - excesse. These and such like, as confounders of all ciuilitie and - humane gouernment, are confirmed to be vnhonest.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now these deedes, actions or thinges are by manie <em>Oratory</em> - partes to bee handled, or commended, according to the matters or - occasions whereout their praises are deriued, and because examples are - the best I might sort out diuers: as of <em>Dauid</em>, I coulde commend - his combate against <em>Goliah</em>, first <i>ab honesto</i>, - in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">33</span> that - he being the seruant of god fought against a blasphemer, <span class="sidenote"><i>Laus - ab honesto.</i></span>also in his Princes quarell & defence of his countrey: - <i>ab æquo</i>, <span class="sidenote"><i>Ab æquo.</i></span>because - it is meet and conuenient, that in causes so perillous, the strength - of each one be applied. <i>A necessitate</i>,<span class="sidenote"><i>A necessitate.</i></span> - insomuch as thereon depended the sauegard of the Prince and people. - <i>Ab vtilitate</i>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ab vtiltiate.</i></span> - for that he killing such an enemie, brought to their owne country - peace and quiet, and also draue the other part in subiection to his - king and people. <i>A difficili</i>,<span class="sidenote"><i>A difficili.</i></span> - because the vndertaking thereof - was so much the more waighty, by howe much himselfe was as it were an - infant agaynst a mightie giant, vnarmed against him that was armed, - vnfurnished against him that had al maner of complements of warre: - weake, where the other was strong: besides that the terrour of his - chalenge and hugenes of stature had before daunted the armie, & put - them all out of conceit, in so much that the doubt was so generall, as - no man dared to vndertake the quarell. Besides, herein is praised of - bodily force, his <em>Actiuitie</em>, and courage: of <em>Vertues</em>, - his woonderfull <em>Magnanimitie</em>, who by couragious desire durst to - vndertake the same: also his affiance in <em>Iustice</em>, and equitie - of the cause: His <em>Pietie</em> to God, his Prince and countrey: - Lastly, his <em>Fidelitie</em>, whose life was not spared when each one - drew backe for feare to be brought in hazard. And as to this action - of <em>Dauid</em>, I haue vsed all these <em>Oratorie</em> parts, so in - causes of sway and gouernment, a man might by the like parts and places - be praised for his great wisdome, whereby in handling of some notable - action in ambassage or consultation, he hath onely by graue aduise, - industrie, discreete search, perswasion or circumspection, compassed - weightie matters to the common weale, or thence auoyded huge and - imminent dangers: <em>Cicero</em> in the coniuration of <em>Catiline</em>, - beeing a mightie enemie agaynst his owne Citie of <em>Rome</em>, might - herein be an excellent patterne, who without stirring the people - at all, without any maner of bodilie resistance or force of armes, - without passing by any priuate or indirect means, did by the sole - matter of his <em>wisedome</em>, waightines of spéech, forcible reasons, - enforcements, rebukes, and perswasions driue him cleane out of the - Citie, and being expulsed (to the common peace, tranquilitie and surety - of the same Citie) did afterwarde by like demeanour, industrie, and - circumspection, so preuent his purposes, so circumuent his policies, so - turne him vpside downe, as he<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">34</span> dared not, he could not, he - shamed to perpetrate what so often hee had sworne, and so many wayes intended: - in which action of <em>Ciceroes</em>, all these <em>Oratorie</em> parts - are in like maner included. So likewise, for some one rare & singular - point of <em>Iustice</em> another might be extolled, as beside common - expectation exercising the same. A president hereof might bee the L. - chiefe <em>Iustice</em> of Englande in the time of King <em>Henrie</em> - the fourth, who was so streictlie bent to the obseruation of iustice, - as hauing one of the Princes seruants arraigned before him at the - Kings Bench barre, for a fellon, and beeing one that the young Prince - greatlie (at that time of his youth) fauoured. The prince came to the - barre, and at the Iudges hands required his seruant; who answered that - he was the King his fathers prisoner, and stoode there vpon his triall - by lawe for his offences, that he could not in iustice, nor would (by - his pardon) deliuer him without his triall. The Prince mooued with - such deniall, stroke the Iudge on the face, and woulde by force haue - withdrawne the prisoner. The Iudge withstoode him, and aduertising - him mildlie of the offence he had done to the seate and place wherin - he sate of iustice, in such sort to strike him, stoutlie commanded - him to Warde, whereunto (uppon such admonition) the Prince obeyed, - and accordinglie remayned in durance, attending the aduertisement and - knowledge of his fathers pleasure. Here might bee a great contention, - whether the worthie Iudge in his equall administration and execution - of iustice, without feare, whereon stoode the hazard of his owne life, - beeing vpon him that was in succession to become his soueraigne Lord, - were more to be commended: or the Prince, in his subiection, and of - all other most singular obedience, more highly to bee extolled: the - one daring to doe what was lawfull vpon whatsoeuer hazard, the other - humbling himselfe to authoritie which he might easilie haue impugned: - and yet both actions such, as by many excellent Oratorie parts séeme - fit to be inlarged. For no doubt there was as much vertue in the ones - obedience, as there was excellency in the others sentence.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And as these, so the honor, worship, or wealth of anie man, his - deedes of charitie, either in <em>Erection</em>, <em>conuersion</em> or - <em>repayring</em> of any thing, whereby the common wealth is benefited, - vertue furthered, or the néedy prouided for, might bee in like sort - aduanced.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">35</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">Finallie, <em>Wisdome</em>, <em>Iustice</em>, <em>Bountie</em>, <em>Liberalitie</em>, <em>Curtesie</em>, - <em>Chastitie</em>, might each of them as things by themselues, & of - themselues without the person of any one be alike commended. Whereof - I think it néedlesse to amplifie any further, seeing by the examples - hereafter set downe, the learner may sufficientlie bee enabled in - whatsoeuer, for those causes he shall vndertake to proceed vpon.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of a laudatorie epistle soly touching the person.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THE feruent loue, and entire zeale and regarde, wherewith your L. euen - in these tender and as yet vnripened yeares,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium</i>, by - insinuation.</span> seemeth to pursue the - vertues and honourable worthinesse of the most renowned and famous, and - the reuerend account, wherewith in your most secret imaginations you - haue euer admired, & as it were emulated their highest progressions: - hath mooued me in recordation thereof (and the rather to deliuer - vnto your L. the verye true image and liuely counterfeit indeede,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> of - vnblemished honour, adorned with all princely and most surpassing - noblenes) to propose vnto your view, a paragon so peerlesse, and of - so rare and excellent performaunce, as whereof no hystorie hath the - semblable, no region the match, nor any worlde hereafter may eftsoones - be supposed to produce the like.<span class="sidenote"><i>Hyperbole.</i></span> You shall not neede my L. to ransacke - volumes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Procatalepsis.</i></span> to search out the liues of the most honoured <em>Scipio</em>, - amongst the Romanes, nor out of Greece to fetche <em>Themistocles</em> or - <em>Alcibiades</em> from Lacedemon or Athens. Let <em>Haniball</em> rest - with his predecessors,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> who sometimes by vnbearded fortune did honor to - mightie Carthage, and (before them all) Achilles and Hector, that made - the fall of Troy so famous: And come wee into our owne Countrey,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> the - land wherein our selues inhabite, the soyle to vs natiue, and of all - others most deerest, and see you here my L. a Prince of so rare and - incomparable worthinesse, as your selfe will confesse throughout all - the course of his life, to haue beene of all others the moste happie - and vertuous.<span class="sidenote"><i>Anadiplosis.</i></span> <em>Edwarde</em>, my L. - young <em>Edward</em><span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> (so helde in - his fathers life) vnder whose raigne he died in Englande, surnamed - for his noted excellencie, sometymes the <em>blacke Prince</em>.<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotiposis.</i></span> This - is hee on whome Nature, Fortune and Vertue, to the intent to yeelde - some apparaunt shewe of theyr woonderfull and mightie operations, had - aboue all others so<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">36</span> especially - enriched<span class="sidenote">Praise of the Prince in generall.</span> with all kinde of wished - and most exquisite perfections, as in that present season, in which - the delicacie of his aspiring minde reste vnto himselfe<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> the highest - branch of honour from out her loftie seate of dignity<span class="sidenote"><i>Metanoia.</i></span>, it was denied - to any other whatsoeuer, to exceede? nay, but so much as to become - partaker with so rare a patterne of the like fruites of vertue and - neuer dying glory. And to the ende (in rehearsing some fewe of the many - particularities of such sounde and vncorrupted maiestie)<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> the radiant - shining beames resiant in so high a personage, may with more facilitie - the sooner bee discouered: wee will first beginne with his originall - and foremost infancie, that by deducing from thence his complementes of - princelie excellencie, euen in the verie mouth of his entombed graue, - his bones may not bee reposed without an immortall recordation, and the - fame of his vertue celebrated by an endlesse memorie. Needlesse were it - my L. that I shoulde tell you of this statelie Prince,<span class="sidenote"><i>Præteritiō.</i></span> that hee were - sonne and heire in succession, to the most mightie and most renowmed - <em>Edward</em> the thirde, king of this noble realme of <em>England</em>, - the most regarded vertues and inuincible chiualrie of whome, beeing - then euerie where so surpassing, and of such redoubted force, as (were - it not such memorable issue had sprong out of his Kingly loynes, <span class="sidenote">Parenthesis.</span> as - wherewith the states of the mightie were daunted, and Europe made to - woonder) might hitherto haue remained of-fame compotent ynough, to - haue bene compared vnto the mightiest: but that I may rather imparte - vnto you, that as golde, in the riches and glorie of it selfe,<span class="sidenote">Parabola.</span> beareth - price and value with the most precious, yet hauing annexed vnto his - proportion, a Diamonde of inestimable beautie, valour and goodnesse, - becommeth thereby farre more excellent then before, more shining and - glorious: so this soueraigne and puissant Monarch (admirable no doubt - by himselfe) yet hauing thus tied vnto the sunne-shine of his happie - raigne, the obscurer and eclipsing glorie of all other nations,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metapora.</i></span> the - verie Loadstarre and direction of all other Tropheis, the Sunne it - selfe of worthinesse, and absolute concluder of euerie honourable - enterprise: howe coulde it bee but that this prerogatiue of his must - of force exceede, and goe beyonde all others,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antimetabole.</i></span> when himselfe, by - the verie chaire of honours selfe was so farre aduaunced aboue any - others?<span class="sidenote"><i>Periphrasis.</i></span> - And albeit the high and kingly worthinesse of so statelie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">37</span> - offspring and parentage, might no question in sundry sortes, yeelde - greate and mightie glorie to the issue: yet that it might not bee - alleadged that in taking vppon vs to commende the personage of one, - wee shoulde intimate the soueraigntie of the other, as it were by a - defect of praise sufficient, to supply the wante of our owne, and that - the honourable reputation of another cannot fitly bee saide to bee - this mans worthinesse, without by the braunch of his owne deserte, - hee hadde in his owne proper right most effectually caried the same. - Vnderstand you then of him, that which all men deeme most princely and - honourable, and there is none, were it the stoutest enemie that euer - liued, but will most highlie commende. This Prince, my L. who euen from - the verie cradle seemed to bee addicted to the knowledge, and feare of - God, and verie pietie of a sincere and Christian religion (besides that - hee was naturally so well formed and instructed in good documentes as - anie might bee) became in those verie tender yeares also, so apte vnto - learning, as the match or like of him therein, was seldome or neuer in - those dayes any where found, and in these times also may not easily - bee hearde of. Insomuch as of those that then knewe him verie well, - it certainely is deliuered, that beeing but the age of twelue yeares, - his vnderstanding and knowledge in the Latine tongue, was so perfect, - his progression in the Greeke so excellent, his skill and deliuerie of - forraigne languages so woonderfull, his Princelie towardnesse - in all thinges so rare and so plentiful, as many times mooued all the - regarders to admire him, but founde none of all his associates in the - same exercises, that were able to follow him.</p> - - <p>Nowe if wee shall come to his riper yeares,<span class="sidenote">Of his adolescence.</span> and howe therein hee - profited in the towardlie exercise and vse of armes, beeseeming a - Prince of so high and exspected admiration, what coulde bee wished - in anie one that in him was not fullie accomplished. So comelie, and - with such vncontrouled dexteritie coulde hee sitte, ride and gouerne - his horse, so couragiously, and with such nobilitie coulde hee welde - and vse any weapon, either at tilte, barriers or turney, with such - high and woonderfull direction, ordered hee all his complementes to - either of these belonging, as did well manifest the magnanimitie and - worthinesse of his minde, and what manner a one hee woulde afterwardes - become toward the beautifying of his countrie.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">38</span> A more plaine and - euident demonstration whereof, did at any one time in nothinge so much - appeare as euen then, when hee was yet in his minoritie. For when - there was remaining as then, no signe or token at all of manlie shewe - in his face (beeing neuer the lesse of stature seemelie and tall, and - of goodlie constitution in his bodie, well beseeming the yeares hee - then caried) also attendante on the mightie King his father in the - warres of Fraunce: what thinges did hee there perfourme?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> what weightie - enterprises, and those beyonde all expectation would hee vndertake, - in honour of his royall progenie: was it not too straunge, that - beeing in comparison of yeares, as it were a childe, deuoide of so - confirmed and auncient graffed experience as beseemed the warres, hee - vndertooke notwithstanding at eighteene yeares of age, with halfe - his fathers power (by a most couragious desire of an euerthirsting - glorie, with condition and charge either there to eternize<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> his death - by an euerlasting memorie, or backe to returne againe with triumphant - gained victorie) to ioine with the whole and mightie power of Fraunce, - and all the Chiualrie thereof, where (to his immortall and surpassing - high renowne) hee attained vppon them by the high permission of God, a - most memorable Tropheie? But why dwell I in these slender discourses - (small God knowes in respect of those mightie conquestes<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> by him - afterwards atchieued) in deteining you from the sweete and ardente - remembrance of the rest?<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> If he being yet sequestred in years from - any ripenes at all, when it was thē to be supposed he most needed - gouernmente, coulde by such stately and inuincible valour, so moderate - his great and waightiest actions, as to become at that verie instant - so redoubted and famous: what might we deem of him afterward, being - once perfectly established in all kinde of manly directions, but that - of necessity he should by manie degrees exceed and go beyond the - formost shewe of all his excellencies, and the greatest expectation - that might be of all his progressions? & so vndoubtedly he did. For - being once attained to mans estate<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodus.</i><br />His mans estate.</span> - hee grewe immediatly to become a - Prince. sage, discreet, politike & wise, in all his actiōs of rare - & singular circūspectiō and prouidence, benigne: & of all others - most fauourable and courteous: fortunate, and euer inuincible in the - warres, liberall to his followers, and of a high replenished bountie - to euerie one, a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">39</span> verie Patrone and defender of - innocents,<span class="sidenote">His outward actions.</span> - absolutelye fauouring alwayes the right, Magnanimious as touching his estate and - the high and waightie enterprises he tooke in hande, exceedinglie - feared abroad, woonderfullie beloued at home,<span class="sidenote">His inward vertues.</span> mixing alwayes the - enterchangeable exercise of Armes, with continuall studie of learning. - Of such rare modestie and temperance as is maruellous: In so much as - the King his father beeing here in England,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotiposis.</i></span> when in the great fight - of <em>Poictiers</em>, hee had discomfited and ouerthrowne in one day - three mightie battels of the French, and taken in the last of them - king <em>Iohn</em> and his sonne prisoners: he was not puffed vp at all - with the honour of so statelie and triumphant victorie, neither grewe - he insolent vpon the same, but entertayned the King and his sonne in - his owne Tent so honourablie,<span class="sidenote">His bounty & great humility.</span> - and therewithall with so great nobilitie - and surpassing courtesie, as that hee neglected not to serue them - himselfe at Supper, and seemed verely at that season in all things, to - haue beene reputed in his owne intendment, as if hee had neuer beene - conquerour. The shewe whereof, so much increased his incomparable - bountie: and so mightilie honoured the estate of his victorie, as - that the King then confessed, that to become the prisoner of such a - one, it could bee no disparagement vnto so mightie a soueraigne as - himselfe, seeing that hee was by the force of that onely ouerthrowe, - made companion of the greatest Nobilitie<span class="sidenote">His modestie.</span> that euer hee sawe. Manie - Honourable partes could I here inferre vnto you of him (infallible - arguements of his incredible modestie) for long after this, when this - mightie Prince had atchieued so manie and waightie honours throughout - all Fraunce, as that the regard thereof made his name a terrour, and - his becke a commaunde to compell theyr Soueraigntie vnto his fathers - obedience: he was required by <em>Don Petro</em>, king of Castile, to - helpe him agaynst <em>Henrie</em> his bastard brother, who had then - expulsed him vnlawfully; and vsurped vpon his kingdome. Whereupon - hauing by the couragious endeuour of him selfe, and his Knightes, and - by their sole and onely prowesse, brought downe the vsurper, and driuen - him cleane out of the Countrey,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> (albeit his strength was such, and the - admirable fauour of the people so greate, as might easilye haue inuited - him there, to the wearing of a crowne) hee neuerthelesse of a high and - noble disposition, holding it<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> <em>farre more honourable to make a king - then to be a king</em>,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">40</span> - so farre foorth declared his temperance at that - verie instant (not commonlie happening vnto euerie one,<span class="sidenote">Parenthesis.</span> especially - in causes of a kingdome) as that hee vtterlie abstained so much as - to beare an appetite or liking therunto, howbeit good occasiō was - therunto ministred by the breach of <em>Don Petro</em> in paiment of his - souldiors: but to his immortall renowne, placed and restored therin - againe the true & lawful inheritour of the same setling him (according - as was intended) in his crowne and kingdome. Could there my L. in any - one haue appeared greater arguments of Magnanimitie, Iustice, and - Temperaunce, then was remaining in this Prince?<span class="sidenote">Merismus.</span> And yet if continuall - happinesse in all worldly attempts, if neuer ceasing and eternized - famous victories, if the commendation and honour done vnto him of his - mightiest enemies, if strength and glorie of his countrey, and honoured - titles of his victorious father, if confirmed leagues of diuers mightie - Princes, Confederates and Alies, if feruent and of all others the moste - principall and ardent loue of his Knightes, subiects and followers, - if all or anie of these might anie wayes haue induced him to the - breach of eyther of these vertues, what wanted to the furtheraunce - thereof, that in and vppon him, was not alwayes attendant and (as it - were)<span class="sidenote">Allegoria.</span> continuallie powred. Was hee not then wedded to honour, euen in - his formost Cradle? Did not <em>Fortune</em> immediately acknowledge - him, and confesse that he was her darling? Seemed <em>vertue</em> euer - prowde, but in his greatest perfection? Grew <em>Fame</em> at any time - so impatient as euen then, when (as the most conuenient harbour of all - her worthinesse) she sought out his dwelling? Agreed they not all with - one voice to abandon the statelinesse of all others, onelie to bee - resiant with him whome they helde most charie of all others?<span class="sidenote">Confirmatiō.</span> Witnesse - among manie other his more then ordinarie attemptes, the three battels - (then which no one thing throughout the worlde before or since became - of more greater remembraunce) by him in his moste youngest yeares, so - miraculouslie foughten, the one of which was at <em>Cressay</em> agaynst - the French, when he was but eighteene yeares of age (as you haue before - remembred.) the second at <em>Poictiers</em>, where died the King of - <em>Bohemia</em>, and King <em>Iohn</em> of Fraunce became his prisoner: - the thirde against the bastard <em>Henrie</em>, for the kingdome of - Castile,<span class="sidenote">Hypotiposis.</span> where in one whole intire fight the same <em>Henry</em> bearing - a mightie hoste, was by meere surpassing valour and moste woorthie - prowesse of this Prince discomfited, and by maine force<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">41</span> thereof - expulsed his Seignorie. All which exploytes, and manie more besides, - celebrating thereby his eternall prayses, when he had with greater - glorie, then well may bee conceyued, furnished and finished to the - aduauncement of his immortall dignitie: See death,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> dispightfull - death,<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> who ioyning with the malignitie of the wicked world, hatefull - alwayes to vertue, and satisfying euer to malicious enuie, bereft the - vnwoorthie earth of his most worthie life. But howe? Not as falleth - out to euerie common creature, deuoyde of after memorie: for why?<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> the - soueraigne commaunder of earth and skyes, allowed it otherwise: neither - beseemeth such stately patternes of honoured <em>vertue</em>, whose - spirites caried with greater efficacie of aspiring eternitie, then - those whose duller conceytes are adapted to more terrene and grosse - validities, shoulde bee exempted their perpetuitie. And albeit in all - the progression of the wished life of this mightie Prince,<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> anie one - thing was neuer founde contrarying, blemishing, or in one sort or other - impugning his honour (one sole imposition or taxe contraried in his - gouernement of <em>Gascoigne</em> excepted)<span class="sidenote"><i>Confutatiō.</i></span> yet in the highest estate - of happinesse wherein hee alwayes liued, was hee neuer more happie or - glorious, then euen in his verie death. Insomuch as hee then dyed,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> at - which time in most honour and highest, toppe of all prosperitie, hee - was principallie established and chieflie florishing: at that instant - in which the type of his excellencie was in no one tytle or iote - obscured:<span class="sidenote">Praise of his death.</span> at that verie season when in the whole course and practise of - his life, hauing still addicted himselfe to sounde out the incertaine - and momentarie pleasures of the worlde, he had by perfect tryall found - out the small validitie and little affiaunce that was to bee reposed - in transitorie and fading glorie of the same. Euen then, when in the - exchaunge of the eternall habitation (the incomprehensible ioyes - whereof no eye hath seene, eare hath heard, nor tongue can expresse,) - hee best knewe howe to leaue this wretched life, and to compasse the - sweete and wholesome meditation of the other. He died (my L.)<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> as hee - euer liued, vertuouslie and honourablie, the determination of whose - deceasing corps, was preparation to newe ioyes: and commutation of - momentarie pleasures, an assurance of euer flourishing gladnesse. Thus,<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> - see you (my good L.) before your eyes, the most certaine and assured - counterfeite of verie true Nobilitie, furnished in the discouerie - of such a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">42</span> one, whose personage beeing in no kinde of excellencie - inferiour, to that in the highest degree may bee of any other imagined: - deserueth by so much the more of all honourable estates accordingly to - be embraced.<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> Great is the ornament of prayse, and precious the renowne - that longeth to such vertue: the Diamond glimpse whereof equalleth - in beautie the fairest, and dimmeth by the verie shadowe thereof the - glittering pompe of the mightiest.<span class="sidenote"><i>Articulus.</i></span> Beautie, strength, comelinesse - fadeth, yea, the worlde decayeth, pleasure vanisheth, and the verie - face of heauen it selfe perisheth: Onlie sacred <em>vertue</em> is - immortall, she neuer dieth, euer quickeneth, absolutely triumpheth, and - ouer all other earthly monuments euen out of the deepest graue for euer - flourisheth. Liue therefore my L. vertuouslie, and die wheresoeuer and - whensoeuer, yet howsoeuer honourablie. My paper burthened with his long - discourse, desirous rather to recreate then toyle your L. enforceth an - ende. Recommending my humble duetie in whatsoeuer to your honourable - acceptance.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">THe respects of this <em>Epistle</em> argued in the personage of - so noble a Prince, haue caried in the matter thereof, the very shew of - the highest and chiefest vertues, whereupon all commendation may bee - principallie gathered. The next hereunto shall be <em>Vituperatorie</em> - also touching the person. Wherein as wee haue in the other, - sought by all occasions and circumstances therunto incident, what to - the furtherance of such requisite commendation might be alledged: so - will we herein imagin vpon what groundes or respects the occasions - of dispraise, may as farre forth otherwise in anie other qualitie be - remembred.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle vituperatorie, concerning</i><br /> - <i>also the person.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIR, the straungenesse of an accident happening of - late<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i><br />Of the cause mouing admiration.</span> amongst vs, - hath occasioned at this instaunt, this discourse to come vnto your - handes. There was, if you remember, at your last beeng with mee in - the Countrey, a man of great abilitie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> dwelling about a mile from me, - his name was B. and if I faile not of memorie therein, wee had once - at a dinner together sitting (by<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">43</span> occasion of a pleasaunt Gentleman - then beeing in our companie) greate speaches of him: the man I knowe - is not cleane out of your conceite, and therefore I will cease in - further speaches at this presente to reuoke him. What generall - hate the people bare him, and howe ill hee deserued from his first - conuersing among them, you haue not (I am sure) forgotten, in so much - as he was called the <em>Hell</em> of the world, the <em>Plague</em> of a - common-weale, the <em>Mischiefe</em> of men, and the <em>Bondslaue</em> of - the deuill.<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> And no maruaile, for what iniurie mighte bee conceiued, - that was not by him imagined?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> what euill coulde there bee that hee - shunned to practise? What mercilesse dealing that hee woulde not - proffer? What apparant wrong that hee ceased to inferre? What execrable - extortion that hee cared not to committe? What villanie so damnable - that he durste not put forwarde?<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradoxon.</i></span> O God, it is incredible to thinke, - and vnpossible to bee surmised, howe greate, howe forcible, howe - manifolde, howe mischieuous, howe insufferable,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> howe detestable hath - beene the originall, progression, continuation, and determination - of his most wicked and shamelesse life, and were it not that by the - incessant outcries, continuall cursinges, and horrible denuntiations - of the innumerable multitude of those, whome in his life time hee - yoked, whome with his actions he feared, whom with the weighte of his - endelesse wealth, hee poized downe, that they durste not then whisper - in secrete, what nowe they openlie discouer, whereby the force of - his wickednesse being then secrete, became not as nowe so open and - apparant.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> I durste not me thinkes of my selfe so much as surmize but - the one halfe of that,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradoxon.</i></span> wherein he became so notorious, so rare and - vnused are the euils, wherein hee seemed so throughly to bee fleshed. I - haue woondered sithence with my selfe many times: what soyle it might - bee, or what constellation so furious, as effected their operations - in production of so bad and vile a creature, at the time when hee was - first put forwarde with liuing into the worlde: In the search whereof - I haue beene the lesse astonied, in so much as thereby I haue growne - into some particular knowledge of his originall and parentes.<span class="sidenote">His Parents.</span> His sire - I haue vnderstoode was a villaine by birth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> by nature, by soyle, by - discente, by education, by practise, by studie, by experience:<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.<br />Epanodis.</i></span> his - damme the common sinke of euerie rakehels filthinesse: the one of - whome (after innumerable offences committed,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">44</span> whereby hee deserued - a thousande deathes) was at the last for a detestable and notorius - crime burned peecemeale vppon a stage in Holland, and the other (after - sundrie consuming and filthie diseases, neuer able to rid her) was - in like manner hanged aliue in chaines for a most horrible murder in - England. Expect you not then, that the procreation and generation of - such an issue, must by argumente of the Parentes condition,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antiphrasis.</i></span> sorte - to some notable purpose: you doe I know, and in trueth howe coulde - it otherwise bee likely. Nowe if hereby wee shoulde conceiue of his - education,<span class="sidenote"><i>Apostrophe.</i></span> and howe his childehoode past away beeing fostered vp as hee - was, from one place to another, without any certaine abiding, but onely - <em>Cœlum omnibus commune</em>, the common habitation of the worlde. - We must no doubte suppose that he sawe much, knewe much, practised - much, ouerpassed much, and was glutted with verie much. And surely if - I shoulde giue credite to some whome I durst beleeue, that knewe him - euen then when hee was not much more then a childe, the verie yeares - he lastly bare,<span class="sidenote">His childhood.</span> gaue not more assured testimonie of what hee nowe was, - then the season in which he then passed, did yeelde an inuiolable - approbation, what in time following he would become,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> for euen thē; - what rapine, what theft, what iniurie, what slaunder, what lying, what - enuie, what malice, what desperate boldnesse, and daring to enter - into any mischiefe, was in him throughly planted? There was not (by - reporte) any one thinge whereby a man might afterwarde bee coniectured - to become infamous, but was in him fully replenished.<span class="sidenote"><i>Omoioteleton.</i></span> Credite mee, - I coniecture so manifoldly of the sequell of his actions, as when I - vnderstande what hee was so ripely, I maruaile that hee liued thus long - so wickedly. But shall I turne here from, to his Adolescencie, and - shew what therein I haue hearde?<span class="sidenote"><i>Adolescencie.</i></span> Truely it passeth all capacitie to - be censured: and it is too much to bee thought vppon. His pride, - his bouldnes, his shameles countenance, his lookes, his gesture, his - shew, his liuing, his conuersation, his companie, his hauntes shewed - still what hee was:<span class="sidenote"><i>Sinathrismus.</i></span> There was no rake-hell, no ruffian, no knaue, no - villaine, no cogging raskall, no hatefull companion, no robber on - high waies, no priuy pilferer, but his hande was in with him, and - that hee was a copesmate for him, no brothell house but he haunted, - no odde corner but hee knewe, no cutter, but hee was a sharer with, - no person so lasciuious,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parison.</i></span> abiect, vilde, or dissolute, but hee would - bee a copartner<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">45</span> - with. Yet after all these trades, hauntes, sharinges, - and partakings,<span class="sidenote"><i>Brachiologia.</i></span> hee became at last to serue an olde miser, aged for - his yeares and miserable for his couetousnes. This wretched olde man - (as each one fancieth as hee liketh) conceiued so much of the odde - youth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ironia.</i></span> that hee took him into his seruice, where, with badde attire, - and thredbare diet, hee liued with him a prettie season, somewhat more - then quarter maister. In the ende (by whose thefte God knowes) the man - had a chist broken vp, and a little coyne and plate stolne, where with - (becomming desperate) it was deliuered hee hung himselfe for griefe, - and beeing nowe deade, lefte no issue or other heire, to succeede his - wretchednesse and double barred hoorde,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> but B. his man, who being a - strong lubber,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiheton.</i></span> was by this time growne a sturdie knaue, and would - needes bee counted a man, and thereupon hee became owner and intruder - to his maisters pelfe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> wretchednes and miserie. To reckon to you since, - howe hee came into the countrie here,<span class="sidenote">His youth and age.</span> beecame a purchaser, howe hee - hath spente his youth, passed his olde age, what bribery, extortion, - wrong, crueltie, rapine, mischiefe, and all kinde of villanie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> hee - hath bolstered, perpetrated, followed: what infidelitie, falshoode, - reuenge, priuy guile, treacherie, betraying the innocent, beating downe - the poore, fatherlesse and widowes: howe much euill hee hath done and - what litle good he hath deserued, what shoulde I clogge my selfe with - the remembrance,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> or trouble you with the rehearsall. It is too much, I - am not able, I cannot, nay, it were vnpossible to perfourme it. What - resteth then, but that I hasten to the scope which in my foremost - purpose was intended,<span class="sidenote"><i>Transitiō.</i></span> that hauing deliuered his shamefull life, I - doe reporte vnto you his shamelesse and vnaccustomed death. See then - the incomprehensible power and iustice of God, see the weight of his - measure, see the woonderfull demonstration of his secrete iudgement,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> - howe of a carelesse life ensueth a cankered death: of a wilfull liuing - a wretched ending: of such money misers so manifolde miseries; as - whereof I sigh to thinke, and grieue to remember. The man somewhat - before his sicknesse grew into an extreame numnesse, in so much as hee - that neuer lusted to helpe others, was not nowe able to helpe himselfe, - nor any cared to relieue him: afterwardes fretting and fuming with him - selfe as it seemed, that not withstanding his greate masse of money, - and huge heape of wealth, none could bee entreated with prayers, or - hiered<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">46</span> - with guiftes, so much as to meddle with him, he grew into such - a frensie, and consequently, into so ranck a madnes, that hee sate - swearing and blaspheming,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i></span> crying, cursing, and banning, and that most - execrable, his lookes were grimme, furious and chaunged, his face - terrible, his sight fiery and pearcing,<span class="sidenote">His inordinarie sicknes.</span> they that sawe him feared, and - they that heard of it durst not come nigh him. In conclusion, some that - pittied him more then his deseruing, and grieued to see that, they - coulde not redresse in him, caused a companie to watch him, others to - prouide warme brothes, and in conclusion vsed all meanes possible to - comforte him. But what can man doe to preuent the secret determination - of the almightie? For loe whilst all men lefte him, and each one stoode - in doubt of him, a companie of rattes vpon a sudden possest his house,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> - his tables, his chymnies, his chambers, yea his verie bed and his - lodging, vpon which & about which, they were so bold, as in the sight - of the beholders they durst appeare and come before them, and beeing - stroken, aboade, and were killed, and others come in their places: - What shall I say, the sight became so vncouth, as all men shunned, - ech one feared, and none durst abide it;<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i><br />His death.</span> whereupon the miser beeing - lefte alone, thus pittifully died. The stench of his corpes admitted - neither day-light nor companie wherein to bee buried. Two onely that - were the conueyers of him, sickened vehemently,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> and one of them dyed, - the other is yet scarcely recouered. The matter hereof seemed vnto me - so straunge, and therewithall so opportune to warne vs of our actions,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> - considering how seuerely God punisheth when hee is once bent to - correction, as I coulde not but deeply consider of it, weighing with - my self that such as was his life, such was his death, the one beeing - hated of manie, the other not to be tolerated of any. The circumstance - whereof, referring herewith to your deep consideration, I doe bid you - hartily farewell.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_10"><i>Of Epistles deliberatiue.</i><br /> - <i>Chap. 10.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_t3.png" width="100" height="100" alt='T' /></span> - He next vnto these laste of this <em>Demonstratiue</em> kinds - are nowe the <em>Deliberatiue</em>, the first titles whereof in order - suted forth, appeare to bee <em>Hortatorie</em>, <em>Dehortatorie</em>, <em>Swasorie</em>, - and <em>Disswasorie</em>. These beeing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">47</span> - as I saide before, neerlie affined together (sauing onelie that the <em>Hortatorie</em> and - <em>Dehortatorie</em> are a little more vehement, stirring and pricking - then the others, yet both consisting in well aduising and counselling, - the one by necessitie, the other as an inducement to thinges laudable - and worthie) neede therefore in all seeming but one maner of direction - in them to be followed. You shall then vnderstand that the seuerall - partes in either of these <em>Hortatorie</em> or <em>Swasorie</em>, to - be considered, doe principally stand vppon a diuersitie of affections, - which nature as it seemeth, hath from the beginning ordained, to bee - as it were stirrings or prouocations within vs, thereby to propose a - direct and most readie waie vnto <em>Vertue</em>, or to terrifie by - like degrees, or withdrawe vs from the pursuing of vices.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The motions or effects herein frequented, may bee said to bee - either of praise or mislike, of hope or reward, or feare of euill to - folow, of loue to well doing, or of hate vnto badnes, of emulation of - others praise, glory, or reputation, of expectation thereon depending, - of examples or of intreatie. By laying out of all or either of these, - as occasion shall serue, consisteth the efficacie of all exhortation - or aduising, pulling backe or disswading. Now how the qualities of - these, or any other in generall touching the propertie they haue - with <em>Vertue</em> or <em>Vice</em>, may for any turne be allotted: - I must as well for this <em>Deliberatiue</em> kind ensuing, as for all - other titles whatsoeuer, the same hereafter requiring, wholy referre - the learner to the places in the chapter preceeding the Epistles - <em>Laudatorie</em> and <em>Vituperatorie</em> in all things to be - directed.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">As touching these particularities, which wee haue tearmed - <em>Motions</em> and <em>affects</em>, let vs consider if you will in - seuerall, and see what efficacie by distinguishment of all their - properties & partes they may beare in this writing. <em>Praise</em> (no - doubt) in matter of exhortation or stirring vp to well doing is of - most singular force, and so questionlesse is <em>Mislike</em>, when - generallie it may bee drawne from a regarded conceite of the greatest - and woorthiest, to the withdrawing from euill. For if we shall but - enter into, or consider of our owne common passages: what is it I pray - you that preferreth or disalloweth, giueth grace or disableth the - actions and endeuours of men, but the speciall allowance or mislike - that is<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">48</span> - euery where had of them? Is it not account alone that giueth - encouragement vnto <em>Vertue</em>? Is <em>Vertue</em> so fullie - aduaunced in anie thing as in the estimate prayse and reputation, - that is attributed vnto her? No surelie. And this by insight had into - the verie woorst and lowest sort of men shall you find, that there is - hardlie anie lyuing of so base and contemptible a spirite, but that - by <em>Prayse</em> and commendation, hee may bee drawne vppe to some - liking of well dooing. And howebeit the issues of mens actions doe - at anie time seeme to bee spotted with euill, yet desire they at the - least wise for their reckoning sake, that they might bee esteemed as - good.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">By this appeareth the singularitie of thinges excellent, in so - much as nothing is, or séemeth rightlie prayse-woorthie, but what is - accounted good, so little reputation haue the perpetratours of euilles, - as that of necessitie they are compelled to seeke credite, by falselie - attributing vnto themselues the name of good. Howe much more then - true <em>Prayse</em> and <em>Mislike</em> of thinges woorthie, or to - bee despysed, may by all lykelihoode bee auailable with those of good - spirite, to drawe them to <em>Vertues</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">To applie nowe this prayse in exhorting or counsailing anie one, it - behooueth wee first conceyue what disposition, habiliments, or other - matter of value are in him whome wee haue to deale with, furthering - or conuenient to such a purpose, whereunto wee woulde exhort or - perswade him, and the likelihoode of the same, greatlie to put foorth - or commende: or if before time he haue behaued himselfe anie wayes - well, we shall incourage him in praysing of that alreadie done; and in - shewing that the more excellent the thing is, the more difficult it - is to bee attained, for <i>Difficilia quæ pulchra</i>, and - yet the difficultie not so great as the prayse, glorie and recordation - thereof, shall thereby afterwards be returned honourable.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Likewise, if the state of the partie doe serue thereunto, it shall - not bee amisse to put him in minde of his parentage, or that fayling, - of his Fortune, Vertue, Nobilitie of minde, Wit, towardnesse, his - great expectation, abilitie, age, and Discretion, all of them no lesse - requiring, but this with great modeste<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">49</span> to be deliuered, least in - séeming to preferre the certaintie of those vertues which are of good - account to be in him, we doe not palpably gloze with the partie, and - as it were seeke to drawe from his person, or account, the things that - neuer came neare him.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now as <em>Prayse,</em> and the laudable estimate of euerie good - action, together with the iust mislike of thinges euill, spurreth and - eggeth forward to great purposes, so verie much thereunto preuaileth - this other of <em>Hope</em>, not that which of a seruile and base - humour or condition ensueth, which expecteth nothing that is frustrate - of gain, and performeth all endeuours by expectation of reward, - but that vertuous kinde of <em>Hope,</em> which enableth to the - perfection and absolute summe of all worthinesse, and whose limit is - honour, reputation, estimate and account: A like Companion whereunto - is <em>Loue,</em> beeing a zealous affectation of thinges singular, - which <em>Loue</em> produceth likewise in it selfe, not a mislike - onelie, but a burning <em>Hate</em>of things vile, contemptible, and - vnbeseeming.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">As these in themselues doe each particularlie thrust forwards to - goodnes, so many times <em>Feare,</em> or doubt of inconuenience that - may ensue, terrifieth or disswadeth from euils. <em>Commiseration</em> - of the lamentable estate of any one, prouoketh also sometimes to - pittie, and disturneth in like sort manie times from reuenge. - <em>Expectatiō,</em> as wel of <em>Loue</em> as of <em>Hate,</em> of good - opinion as mislike in compassing of any thing is not the least. - <em>Shame</em> & ignomie of the action also, the dependance whereof is - oftentimes occasion sufficient of well doing, and hindrance alike, and - withdrawing from euill purposes. But aboue all is the spur of - <em>Emulation,</em> whose force gathered by a certaine kind of <em>Enuie</em>, - of others proceedings kindleth flames of regarde to aspire vnto the - like, but not that sluggish and execrable enuie bred of most wicked and - detestable malice, which when it selfe cannot, nor is able to doe any - thing worthie, snatcheth and continuallie gnaweth on the deserts of - others, but that generous and noble kind of enuie which discreete - <em>Nature</em> and vertue haue insinuated in our mindes, emulating by a - feruent desire to compasse, or possibly to go beyond what mightily by - others hath béene performed.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The authoritie of <em>Example</em> is also very weightie, giuing - warrant to any vertuous imitation that may be prescribed, and lastly - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">50</span> - requests and intreatie which euer more preuaileth according to the - writers credit or grauity. These being sufficently considered, we will - nowe according to such like directions, endeuour to suite foorth vnto - you some particular examples.</p> - - <h4><i>An Example of an Epistle Exhortatorie for</i><br /> - <i>the attaining of vertue.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">I Haue manie times desired with my selfe<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> (good Cosin) to obtaine some - necessarie meanes, whereby to manyfest the greate good will I doe owe - vnto you, and in some sorte or other to giue you to vnderstande, howe - much and howe greatly I haue tendred those good partes, that manie - times I haue seene and prooued to bee in you. And for as much as - <em>Fortune</em> hath denied vnto mee the estate, reputation and wealth, - that manie haue gained, and the most doe couet, whereby I cannot if I - woulde, bestowe vppon you such riches and treasures as might breede - content vnto others: I am determmined to imparte vnto you, that, which - vnto your present condition seemeth most requisite, and wherewith vse - and common experience hath heretofore inured mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> in steede of wealth - to giue you wordes, in steede of golde, good, for riches, reason, and - in lue of liuing, to affoord you a louing and constant hearte. And - whereas I am enfourmed, that contrarie to the expectation of some - (who ouer peremptorily haue heretofore deemed<span class="sidenote"><i>Insinuatiō.</i></span> of these your young - yeares to be laden with loosenesse, and led forwarde by libertie) you - haue of your selfe, and of your owne motion and free will, obtained - license and allowance of your father to go to <em>Cambridge</em>, in - minde to giue your selfe whollie to studie, and the sole fruition of - learning, I mused with my selfe whether I might more commende the - motion, or attende your perseuerance in the action that thereby you - haue taken in hande, in so much as the memorie of the one cannot bee - for the worthinesse more permanent, thē the glorie of the other, to - your euerlasting commendation, will appeare to be most excellent.<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> It - is reported of the mightie <em>Alexander of Macedon</em>, that he was a - King, that he was puissant, that he was warlike, that hee was famous, - that he was a Conqueror, and that hee subdued the whole worlde:<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> but - when he came to himselfe, to the conuincing of his owne appetite, to - rule reason by the square of right<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">51</span> he became a meacocke, a childe, - an infant, what should I say?<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> he was no bodie. Howe much greater then - hee was, hadde the woorthie Prince appeared, if as in the conquest of - sundrie mightie kinges, regions and prouinces, so in all other thinges - tending to the suppression of his owne peculiar affectes, he had bene - no lesse or fullie so much as <em>Alexander</em>. <em>Scipio</em>, the most - renowned amongst the Romanes, and for his sundrie great exploites in - <em>Affrica</em>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i></span> surnamed <em>Affricanus</em>, we doe reade, atchieued - many valiant and incomparable victories, and were it but that sole - battell which hee fought (when <em>Rome</em> was nowe at wracke, her - Nobilitie spoyled, and her glorie trode vnder foote, readie almost - vppon any reasonable condition to bee deliuered into the handes of the - enemie) in which hee then freed his citie, repulsed <em>Haniball</em> - by a mightie ouerthrowe, and thereby daunted so farre foorth his - pride for euer, as expelled from him all hope thence forwarde, at - anie time else to become a Conquerour: It coulde not otherwise bee - saide without question, but herein, yea in this onelie action, hee - deserued eternall memorie: But was hee herein,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> thinke you, and for - this onely matter throughout all the prouinces recounted so famous? No - assuredlie. It was also his rare and most singular vertues otherwise, - that fullie perfected and polished the glorie thereof. It was his - rare <em>Temperance</em>, <em>Modestie</em>, <em>Continencie</em>, and - <em>Sobrietie</em>, wherein with woonderfull admiration hee exceedinglie - flourished, and became extolled aboue all others. This was it, wherein - more then Alexander hee became regarded and famous. The conquestes - that by this meanes hee daylie made of himselfe, returned more glorie - to Rome, more firme faith and reuerence, then the forcible progression - of all other his fattall ouerthrowes and victories: of so greate and - woonderfull reputation is Vertue to all her followers.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i><br />Praise of the person.</span> This beeing - so, how can I then say, but in this your action, you haue of your - selfe right wel begun, how can I think, but aboue many others you haue - therein verie well deserued? Wherein shoulde I augmente your praise - if not in that which you haue heereby so well performed, the force, - operation, and effect of all which, hath onely consisted in subduing - your owne appetite? Great commendation haue you won I must needes - confesse, and more then with common worthines haue you in this thinge - demeaned your selfe, but (my good Cosen) it is not<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">52</span> ynough to haue - well begun in a matter, without also therein you doe vse perseuerance.<span class="sidenote"><i>Paræmia.</i></span> - <em>Hanniball</em> knew well how to subdue, but he knew not howe to - entertaine his victories. As you haue alreadie in this your resolution - gotten great good liking, so behooueth both for the preseruation of - what alreadie woone, and to induce a perpetuall increase to the same, - that you doe euermore frequente and by earnest and zealous prosecution - seeke still to entertaine the fruits thereof. Proceede then a Gods - name,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exhortatiō.</i></span> and goe on with good lucke in your enterprise, the more harder - and greater you finde the difficulty in attaining to <em>vertue</em>, - the more vehemente shall bee your glorie, and the more honourable - the reputation that thereby is pursued. For, what hath a man of all<span class="sidenote"><i>Confirmatiō.</i></span> - that may be left vnto him in this worlde, whereof to vaunt himselfe, - but the memorie of that wherein he hath most worthily trauailed. The - rich reape possessions, which when themselues are once passed away, - are immediately distributed to others. The pleasures of the worlde - are momentarie, and after wee are once deade wee perceiue them no - more. Worship, honour and dignitie, perisheth euen in the verie selfe - remembrance. The reuenues of the mightie, when life is once fled, are - no more to be tendred. Shall wee then for a number of fruitelesse - vanities,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> (the regarde whereof doeth neuer last longer, then whilest - wee are in present vse of them) neglect the search of that which is of - all others most permanent? No surely. So behooueth not<span class="sidenote"><i>Ab æquo.</i></span> such as your - selfe,<span class="sidenote">praise of his ancestors.</span> that of your auncestours haue had so many good encouragements, - beseemeth not the remembrance of their excellencies in you alone to bee - perished. Tis <em>vertue</em>, beleeue me, that procureth <em>Fame</em>, - and soly <em>Fame</em> that makes men immortall. All other meanes are - feeble as the originall from whence they are deriued is vncertaine. At - leaste wise, it shall many other waies stande you greatly vppon,<span class="sidenote"><i>A necessitate.</i></span> to - continue this course, in so much as by the æmulation of the vertues - of others, you shall thereunto be constrained, besides the loue and - regarde that all men haue borne,<span class="sidenote">Of expectation.</span> and euer doe beare to the remembrance - of vertue, the expectation of your entirely fauouring and carefull - louing friendes, who with greate longing doe attende the prosequution - of your woorthinesse,<span class="sidenote">Of loue and hate.</span> the ill conceite, malice and spite that some haue - hadde towardes you, whereby to ouerthrowe the good opinion of your - father, who with greater greedinesse than Woolues themselues,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hyberbole.</i></span> with more - enuie than the Crocodile,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">53</span> - and farre more poyson than the serpent, doe - lie in waite but onely to hearken after the newes of your declination, - and the dissolued purpose of your good intention.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> Finally, my dearest - and best fauoured kinsman,<span class="sidenote">entreatie.</span> I doe adiure you, pray you, and as earnestly - as I can beeseech you, by the verie pure and entire loue of vertue, - whereof you nowe shall become partaker, by the immortall fame thereunto - onely awarded, by the care you are bounde and ought to haue of your - selfe, by all the kindred that hath tied vs in affinitie together, - by all the loues and possible entreatie that I can, you doe persist, - continue and remaine firme in this your intended purpose. In pursuite - whereof you shall minister vnto your friendes ioy and comforte, to - your enemies shame and reproch, to your selfe praise and eternall - regarde, and to all sortes of your acquaintance occasion to admire you. - Preferring many times my care and earnest affection towards you, with - my manifolde greetings vnto your good selfe. I doe bid you farewell. &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_11">Of Epistles Responsorie.<br /> - <i>Chap. 11.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_f1.png" width="120" height="120" alt='F' /></span>Or - asmuch as the knowledge of letters <em>Responsorie</em> are - as méete to bee vnderstoode in the ordinarie occasions hereof as any - others: I deeme it not amisse amongst the passages of these seuerall - titles of Epistles to sorte you foorth also of them some particular - Examples, the better in their disposition to enable yᵉ learner as - occasion may serue. Touching which, it is to bee vnderstoode that the - matter of euerie answere taketh his originall of a letter precéeding, - and dependeth principally on the parts thereof. The ordering whereof - (except in Letters <em>Excusatorie</em> or <em>Defensorie</em>) is - wholy exempted, the course in those other letters prescribed, and the - obseruation in these, is principally to consider on what partes the - letter which ought to be answered consisteth or is chiefly grounded. - Those, howebeit it behooueth we doe fully answere, yet shall you not - (as some ignorant of weldoing haue done) recite in your answere the - whole circumstance of the matter charged, <em>verbatim</em> in a manner - as it is<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">54</span> written before you, for that woulde bréede tediousnesse, - besides a ridiculous disorder by such meanes frequented, but you shall - (if néede so vrge) capitulate the principall partes of euerie seuerall - matter charged, and thereupon frame you to answere the points, in - sorte as before you, shall be deliuered. Or sometimes not needing any - rehersall at all, if the pointes be but fewe, you shall answere onely - as the matter you haue in hande is to bée deliuered. Or otherwise in - this sorte: <em>Touching the pointes in your Letter to bee answered: - for the first I say, or it is thus or thus, &c. In the second, it is - so or so. For the thirde, in this manner or that. Touching the fourth, - &c.</em> And so answere the partes by their number. By which meanes - you shall both drawe your selfe to a breuitie therein, and become far - more pithie in the matters you haue to write of then otherwise can - be expressed. And this béeing sufficient for all matters hereafter, - touching these <em>Responsorie</em> kindes, we will nowe for the first - Example set you downe an answere to the epistle precéeding.</p> - - <h4><i>An example Responsorie to the last Epistle be-<br /> - fore remembred.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe regard of your exceeding good will, and weight of your aduise and - good exhortations<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> (my verie good Cosen) haue mooued me many times to - thinke on you, and to thank you for the same, I take no litle comfort - of your great good liking of my determination, and that the endeuour - therof beareth so forcible allowance at your handes, as to reckon the - same in so hie and great accompte, as you doe.<span class="sidenote"><i>Dichologia.</i></span> I did (I confesse) erre - a while, but howe? as a young man, I went astraie I graunt, but not - with perseuerance, for I reclaimed my selfe ere I fell, and stoode - vpright ere by ouer much weight I slided too far in my purposes, - <em>Errare est humanum, sed persistere belluinum</em>. The course I - haue taken in hand as it was estranged from the opinion of many: so - in the prosecutiō thereof, I hope to vse such pursuit, as willingly - by declination therein, I meane not to become offensiue to any. Feare - you not sir,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> the account is alreadie set downe, for notwithstanding my - greene yeares must yet of force continue their note of imbecilitie: - This prerogatiue yet remaineth, that I may as I liste - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">55</span> adapt my opinion - to grauitie. You shall (good Coosen) doe mee a great pleasure, if as I - am partner of your loue and entyre affection, so I may sometymes bee - partaker with you of those exercises and sweet pleasures, wherewith - your studie is frequented: I meane that with some discourses of yours - you will nowe and then remember mee. By expectation whereof, you shall - often prouoke mee to aunswere you. Thus assuring my selfe of that I - neuer yet distrusted at your handes, your zeale and fidelitie towardes - mee; I regarde you as faithfull as I haue euer found you, and so will - alwayes account of you, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle hortatorie, to the studie of learning.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">IT is no little pleasure vnto me,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> to consider with my selfe my good N. - the great trauaile, cost, and paine, dayly employed by your dearest - beloued parents,<span class="sidenote"><i>Insinuatiō.</i></span> to induce vnto you the precious, and of all other most - delicate and sweete pleasure of learning: the value whereof, is without - all estimate, and the comfort therein conceiued, in no wise to bee - comprehended: the louing regarde of whome, and the most lamentable want - of the other, when I doe see you either with some ill fauouring aspect - not to incline vnto, or with some more then straunge or vnused tearmes - not to account of, I cannot but greeue with my heart, respecting the - linke whereby I stand charged to either of you, in so great apparance - as I doe to behold the same. True it is, that you are a Gent.<span class="sidenote"><i>Propositiō.</i></span> that you - are heire apparant to large and verie great possessions,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> that you are - (for the yeares you beare) of comely and goodly personage, that you are - in all things well accomplished, and euerie way as beseemeth: but yet - when I behold this fauour, this comlinesse, these accomplishments, and - know you to bee a Gent. and thinke vpon your large ensuing reuenues - and possessions, me thinkes there should yet be an ornament of all - these, and a thing of farre more goodly shewe, and more surpassing - value wanting to the same, that might if it were well entertained ad - more glorie vnto all the others, then the waight of the rest were euer - able to purchase.<span class="sidenote"><i>Procatalepsis.</i></span> For suppose that all these complements of yours are - of large price, and verie necessarie, as they are indeede, and such - wherewith the state of man is greatly beautified, yet are they all but - thinges<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">56</span> - pertinent vnto the bodie, by force whereof (setting onelie our - shape aside) wee doe communicate in euerie thing with beastes, for with - them wee liue,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> wee mooue, wee go, wee eate, and enioie the sensuall - appetite of inward or outward abilities. But by the benefit of - learning, of knowledge,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> of skill, wee make difference of things, and - are onely thereby in our selues distinguished from beastes. And if man - which is the principal worke of God,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> was from the beginning a chosen - creature indued aboue any others, and therefore poynted to excell and - go beyond all others, howe much more needefull shall it bee for euerye - one according to such appoyntment to preferre and put forwarde the vse - thereof vnto his owne profite. And seeing as well by the ordinance - of God,<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> as common vse of reason, whereby we are gouerned and ledde, - euerie man is induced to propose vnto himselfe the exercise of thinges - that are good and honest, and that the same also among these, which - maketh a man nearest to his Creatour in perfection, is of all others - the moste to bee desired: howe much auaylable then and importaunt is - it to euerie man to bee frequented with learning, the vse whereof - freeth him of common ignoraunce, and maketh him capable of the high and - loftie mysteries.<span class="sidenote"><i>Ab honesto.</i></span> And if in anie studie whatsoeuer, the reputation of - honest and good is to bee sought for, what I pray you then learning, - may bee iudged more honest, which hauing with it a certaine kinde of - diuine and sacred originall, hath from the beginning of the worlde, - beene with all men in greatest price and estimation.<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> What may bee - deemed more good then that which from verie Asses and blockes, and (if - it were lawfull to say) from bruite men and beastes also themselues - maketh distinction, and without the which, there were left vnto vs from - such, no place at all of difference. What then that can bee sayde to - bee more honest, which draweth a man vppe to the diuine contemplation - of the sacred Maiestie, to the knowledge of high and heauenly thinges, - of woorthie and honourable vertues, and beeing sequestred by the wante - thereof, hee becommeth no otherwise than as a hogge, still groueling - on the earth, searching onely wherewith to fill his bellie, neglecting - in the meane time the expectation or regarde of any other statelie or - eternall Soueraintie. Nowe therefore, if the vse of learning, as the - thinge of greatest accompt and most woorthie, is heere sette downe to - bee so generallie,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">57</span> commended to all sortes of men, howe much more - consonant and agreeing is it then to the reputation of a Gentleman, who - by what distaunce so euer hee is measured in capacitie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synathrismus.</i></span> minde, order, - state and gouernment from anie other common or ordinarie person,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthesis.</i></span> by - so much the more ought hee in all endeuours to aspyre and seek to goe - beyond them. For whereas all other men in their seuerall vocations are - for the most parte,<span class="sidenote"><i>Etiologia.</i></span> as it were withdrawne from the speciall notice and - eye-marke of all publique administration and gouernement: the Gentl. - contrariwise, the more woorthie and noble that hee is in calling, the - more neerer is hee to that aduauncement whereunto by nothing so much as - learning hee is enabled to bee preferred. For what profitable member - can hee bee in such a place, whose ignoraunce is farre greater then his - witte, and whose knowledge is lesse then the least of that, whereof - hee ought to take notice and experience. And seeing learning is of all - other thinges, a store-house so plentifull and precious,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodis.</i></span> as whereof - the wiseman maketh his treasure, the poore man his riches, and the - wealthy one his pastime and pleasure, shall the Gentleman who in all - other thinges, by Nature striueth to bee excellent, bee in the greatest - action of all others so carelesse and negligent?<span class="sidenote"><i>Paramologia.</i></span> Admit that you will - heere alledge the tediousnesse of studie, and a certaine impossibilitie - almost to attaine thereunto, I must aunswere vnto you againe, that - this commeth not of the labour thereof, which to those that willingly - aspire to the delicate taste of the same, yeeldeth great facilitie with - pleasure to bee receyued: but to a slouthfull and sluggish endeuour and - disposition. Far be it therefore (good Sir) that you beeing a Gentleman - in all other thinges so towardly, and the sonne of such a one as you - are, shoulde with the touch of so great a blemish, bee so throughly - stained.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> So woorthie a discente as whereof you are deriued, such - infancie and child-hoode wherein so worthily you haue beene trained, - so great loue and charge of parents wherewithe you may bee animated, - doe inuite you farre otherwise, and to a more excellent purpose. Let - the sweete and yet vnknowne delight thereof prouoke you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> the praise and - commendation solye to vertue appropriate and belonging, once prick you - forward, the honour and aduancement thereby continually happening egge - you. And if none of all these preuaile, yet the riches and rewarde<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">58</span> - farre greater then anie earthly treasure, which are therunto incident, - tie you to a desire thereof. Thinke of the worthines of those, who - by howe much the more noble they were in birth,<span class="sidenote">Dignitie and zeale of others.</span> by so much the more - zealouslie they haue trauelled, not shunning any labour, sweate, - tediousnesse, scorning, yea bondage it selfe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> whereby to compasse vnto - themselues the glorie and rewardes annexed to the dignitie heereof. - And if no other remembrance may be sufficient to establish you, regard - yet your liuing father and grandfather,<span class="sidenote">By example.</span> the one of whom neglecting his - ease and quiet at home, trauailed all Fraunce, Germanie, and Italie, - to the intent to attaine vnto the greatnesse of that whereunto you are - so hardly perswaded. Neither thinke I that you in whome all other good - actions do so plentifully flow, wil herein alone with a little labour - be terrified:<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> Wherefore my good N. I eftsoones entreate you againe, and - againe, by all the loue you haue ought to your name, fame, parentage - and stocke, and by all the expectation that in them, or anie of them, - is of your happinesse conceiued, you will proceede in this purpose: the - weight whereof besides the commoditie and pleasure redounding to your - selfe, shall vnto your parents and all others returne most comfortable - and pleasing. All which recommending to your courteous consideration to - bee entertained, I doe herewith take my leaue, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An other example Hortatorie, wherein an honourable Gentleman<br /> - is egged forward in the profession of Armes, and seruice<br /> - of his Prince and Country.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIthence the time of my little abode heere in London<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> being scarce - twentie dayes, vnderstanding of the being in town of my La. your - mother, I repaired thereupon to her presence to visite her: there did I - receiue notice of your being in Ireland, and that vpon your honourable - behauiour, and good seruice there done: The L. D. did not onely testifie - the same by his owne hand-writing vnto diuers of the priuie Counsell, - but also in especiall letters besides commended the weight thereof, - vnto the regard of her most excellent Maiestie.</p> - - <p>I did not a little reioyce to see that in such young yeares<span class="sidenote"><i>Insinuatiō</i><br /> - by praise of the action.</span> wherein - commonlie falleth out a contempt of all excellencies, and a - fantasticall desyre of counterfeyte vanities, you coulde (besides the - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">59</span> - common trade and custome of the worlde)<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> addict your selfe wholie vnto - so weightie and honourable an exercise,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> as by laboursome trauaile in - the seruice and honour of your Prince and countrie, to put forwarde - your selfe so timely. Credite mee, it is not a little pleasing vnto mee - to thinke thereon,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> neither standeth my affection so slender vnto your - fathers off-spring, but that I must euer holde the reputation of their - weldoing, an aduauncemente to my imaginations, and the sounde of their - good successe the verie harmonie of mine inwarde soule.</p> - - <p>It is no newe thing I confesse, euen in these dayes to see a Gentleman - honourablie descended as your selfe, and of like worthie education, to - attaine vnto learning, to become practised in Armes, to put forward - themselues in seruice, but to continue with resolution, to performe it - with labour,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> to atchieue it with valour, to beare it with honour, here - is the excellencie, this is the rarenesse, hence springeth the noueltie.</p> - - <p><em>Vertue</em> retaining yet her ancient Maiestie, though not pursued - as in olde time, with such woonted vehemencie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i><br /> - vertue hath three entrances.</span> hath three entraunces, - leading directly vnto her beautifull passage, by the portes whereof, - whosoeuer is desirous to attaine her, in her purest and most glorious - estate, must of necessitie enter. First, <em>Fortitude</em>,<span class="sidenote">Fortitude.</span> whereby - hee must be enabled to endure whatsoeuer labour and trauell to be - imposed, accounting nothing difficult, to the end and sweet rewarde - whereof her excellencie is appropriate. Next, <em>Magnanimitie</em>,<span class="sidenote">Magnanimitie.</span> - which by a vehement and haughtie desire, reacheth vnto thinges most - excellent & of highest and stateliest value, not regarding the hard, - tough, & maine force of the passage, with what pursuit soeuer it must - bee followed, so be it by such meanes it may be wonne, and the glorie - thereunto due, may at last be attained: the reach wherof, tending to - the last end and scope of al his determinatiōs, sweetneth all maner of - trauel, and induceth therewithal a contempt of whatsoeuer lesse valued - or hindering, to the worthines of the same. Then <em>Longanimity</em>,<span class="sidenote">Longanimitie.</span> - enabling by greate constancie with rare and accustomed patience, to - awaite and endure the end, neuer giuing ouer vpon whatsoeuer assaults, - til the determined scope be by all kind of industry fullie and - perfectly furnished.</p> - - <p>For this cause,<span class="sidenote"><i>Etiologia.</i></span> the most renowmed parte of <em>vertue</em> is saide to - bee excellent, for that manie doe contemplate her a far off, but few - or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">60</span> none at all doe almost come so nigh her, as perfectly to see and - discerne her, in so much as some, nothing regarding the singularitie of - that, whose sweetnesse they neuer tasted of, become forcelesse of the - pursuit of so diuine an excellencie: and some other fauouring a litle - the daintines thereof, yet ouer-reached with the tediousnes of the - enterprise, and hindered by the opposition of a thousand vanities, are - so astonished in the first onset, as being therewith ouercome, doe by - and by giue ouer their purposes.</p> - - <p>Now therefore my C. if you will bee a right fauourer of <em>vertue</em><span class="sidenote">Adhortation to vertue.</span> - indeede, it behooueth that by these possibilities you doe (as a - faithful regarder of her diuine & sacred essence) only seeke to pursue - her, and that with such and none other respectes, and to no other ende - and purpose, but for the sole fruition of her stately and immortall - deitie.</p> - - <p>The time now calleth you forth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> your Countrie and soyle wherein you - were borne and nourished inuiteth you, your praise alreadie gotten, and - hope of renowne euer after to followe, perswade you, the honour of your - house and parentage constraineth you, yea euerie of these solie and - altogether doe exhort and commaund you, that becomming the selfe same - you vowed, and they long since haue looked for, you doe nowe shewe your - selfe such as was promised, and wherein the expectation first conceiued - of you, may in no wise bee frustrated.</p> - - <p>Consider I pray you, that the rewarde of <em>vertue is honour</em>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Clymax.</i></span> - the guerdon of <em>honour</em>, <em>Fame</em>, the scope of <em>Fame</em>, - <em>Eternity</em>, the seat of <em>eternity</em>, immortall and euerlasting - glory. In liuing in the seruice of your Prince and countrie, the - profession you haue taken in hand is honourable,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antistrophe.</i></span> the charge honourable, - the purpose honourable, and the ende and successe thereof must needes - be honourable: behooueth then that your continuance therein and your - owne deserts be also deemed honourable.</p> - - <p>Thinke when you tooke vpon you to beare Armes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> you then receiued - the full cognizance of <em>Vertue</em>, you were entertained with - <em>honour</em>, you became apprentise to <em>fame</em>, and it was assured - (that beeing with loyaltie demeaned) you shoulde at length receiue the - rewarde of euer flourishing glorie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> It is (beleeue me) no small matter, - that being a particular member, you are put foorth as a piller, vpon - the prop whereof reposeth one parte of the weight of the common-weale, - that<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">61</span> - the ioyes of your whole countrie are fixed vpon your wel-doing, - that in pursuite hereof your priuate cause is not your owne, (the - secrete reuenge whereof may happelie turn to an infamed mischiefe) but - the cause of the <em>common good</em>, the publike matter of al, and that - where the scope is of all others most famous and honoured.</p> - - <p>Being entertained in a sorte as you are,<span class="sidenote">Of right and meet.</span> you shoulde highly wrong the - opinion of a greate manie, in drawing backe from that wherein you haue - beene alreadie so worthilie behaued, and in becomming lesse than that - whereunto in your cradle you were at the beginning so principally - ordained:<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> for vnseemelie were it that you shoulde not haue beene - hereunto at the first committed, vnlawfull not to haue persisted, and - dishonourable (in due sorte) not to see it accomplished.</p> - - <p>Proceede then my C. in that whereunto your vertue, your Parentage, - your soile,<span class="sidenote">Of example.<br /><i>Paradigma.</i></span> and your fidelitie haue called you, thinke what, how much, - and how greatlie it importeth you, that hauing had so manie of your - auncestours since their first originall, who haue beene deemed so - woorthie, it fitteth not your selfe alone (in so important actions, - concerning especially the honour of your prince and countrie) to bee - founde otherwise then equall vnto them in the highest qualitie. So - and in such maner,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> and by such kind of meanes haue the most auncient - and renowned worthies of the world be come to be tearmed honored, - and mightie. So <em>Epaminondas</em> and <em>Alcibiades</em><span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> among the - <em>Grecians</em>, <em>Æmilius Paulus</em>, <em>Fabii and Scipiones</em> - among the Romanes, haue bin deemed most statelie. For such cause the - acts of your predecessors & nobilitie of your deceased father<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosopopœia.</i></span> haue - bin registred with the most worthy. O so sweetly might sound from out - his breathing ghost vnto your liuing eare, that excellent verse of - <em>Virgill</em>.</p> - - <div class="poetry-container"> - <div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="i0"><i>Disce puer virtutem ex me verumque laborem,</i></div> - <div class="i0"><i>Fortunam ex aliis.</i></div> - <div class="i0 antiqua" >Learne vertue (Child) of me and labours true,</div> - <div class="i0"><span class="antiqua">But</span> Fortunes - <span class="antiqua">chaunce, from others do pursue.</span></div> - </div> - </div> - </div> - - <p>The signification whereof, what other thinge may it else importe, - but that betweene them<span class="sidenote">His Parents.</span> who beeing neuer eternized by anie memorable - action, as hauing confounded their liues with obscuritie,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">62</span> and such - as neuer were borne, there resteth in maner no difference at all. - <em>Ardua virtutis est via.</em><span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> T’is labours force that maketh way - vnto <em>Vertue</em>: great matters vnto the furtherance of her are but - easie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> the meaner, trifles; the lowest of no value. To ouercome others - by vertue is a thinge most honourable, but in pursuite thereof to bee - conuinced of any other, is a thinge most vituperable: You are nowe - brought by Fortune into a straight passage,<span class="sidenote"><i>Dialysis.</i></span> whereby of necessitie you - must either by reputation of most excelling worthinesse finish the - iourney, or recreant and discomfited, confesse the vttermost of your - imbecilitie. But what doe I conferre vnto your viewe, the notes of - such and so manie doubtes and hazardes, knowing a minde insinuate in - your selfe by nature,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> that coulde neuer so much as thinke or imagine - of thinges contemptible, or of anie vile or seruile qualitie at all? - truelie for no woorse meane, nor to anie other ende or purpose, but - thereby to egge you forwarde by all kinde of possibilities, to the - encrease of your highest woorthinesse, that by howe much the more you - shall goe about to excell any others, by so much the more greater you - may be commended and extolled aboue others.</p> - - <p>Ease and securitie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parœmia.</i></span> are two pernicious enemies of euer flourishing - glorie, and industrie preuenteth all circumuention, which either by - slouth or negligence may bee imposed: the victorie is not any others, - but your owne, nor the honour to any other appertaining but vnto your - selfe. Bee therefore such in continuance, as may fullie bee answerable - to each part of your noblenesse, and God who is the creator of all - thinges, and fauourer of each worthie enterprise, blesse your endeuours - with the sustentation of <em>Vertue</em>, which is euer permanent. At B. - this of &c.</p> - - <h4><em>An Epistle Swasorie, wherein a<br /> - Gentlewoman is counsel-<br /> - led to mariage.</em></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe extreame griefe wherein my selfe was a partaker with you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> of the - death of your late husbande, woulde not suffer mee (good Mistresse E.) - at my last beeing with you, to deliuer what then I thought meete for - your estate, & sithence I haue more at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">63</span> - large considered vppon to bee - for your profite. And albeit your selfe are, I knowe of discretion - sufficient, and the number of your friendes of regarde compotent,<span class="sidenote"><i>Insinuatiō.</i></span> - both to consider and counsell, what vnto your present affayres may - bee deemed most correspondent: yet may it not bee ill accepted, if - my selfe of a great manie, that haue wyshed well to your person, and - fauoured euermore your good condition, doe heerein also among the - rest, put forwarde my meaning, and perswade you thereby vnto that, - which (though not alreadie may bee fitting to your instant lyking)<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> yet - to your present behoofe may returne no question of soundest and best - consideration.</p> - - <p>And first, I deeme it not impertinent to referre vnto your knowledge - what I haue throughly conceyued with my selfe of your beeing, - <em>viz.</em> that you are a widowe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> a Gentlewoman of verie worshipfull - parentage and discent, the wife before time of a Gentleman of as good - reputation as liuing, as good alliaunce as credite, that you are knowne - to bee modest, discreete, wise and well gouerned, that you are and - ought to bee warie in your actions, and such as whereof the babling - multitude may reape no aduauntage, and finallie that by reason of the - ouerhastie determination of his life (whose continuaunce might haue - ridde you of innumerable cares) you are pestred with some troubles, - the most part of your liuing in suspence, and that whereof you deeme - your selfe most assured, hanging vppon so manie hazardes, as hitherto - remayneth doubtfull, in what sort you shall compasse it, or with what - liking to your selfe you may happily ouerpasse the same.</p> - - <p>Touching the first, I warne you not that according to your present - estate, you do minde what you are, what you haue bin, of whom you are - discended, and in what sort you may best prouide with warinesse, to - deale for all these: but drawing to the latter, and weighing on what - tearmes you stande, howe hardly you are bestead, howe slender meanes - to auoid it, I repute him not the worst wel-willer, that coulde aduise - you with contentment and litle hazard, in what sort you might best - endeuour in all effectes to aunswere it.<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> It is reported vnto mee, that - by the procurement of some, fauouring your aduauncement, there is nowe - profered vnto your lyking a young Gentleman, vertuous, discreete, and - well ordered, the sonne and heyre of a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">64</span> worshipfull Knight, on the - choyce and regarde of whose Parents, dependeth the best assuraunce of - your whole portion, in whose condition and behauiour, albeit you finde - no one thing to bee reprehended, yet disclaime you to bee married,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> you - will heare of no suters, there must bee in your presence no speech at - all of lyking, and you meane not so soone forsooth to set forwarde for - a husband.</p> - - <p>The course you doe take herein, seemeth in my opinion verie euill,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> - insomuch as contrarie to that, which both your yeares, your estate, - your liuing and present occasions doe require, you forciblie are - endeuoured to make so vndiscreete and setled a resistance:<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> Whie La. doe - you thinke it profiteth at all, the deceased ghost of him that loued - you (a young Gentlewoman as you are, scarce exceeding twentie yeares) - to liue thus solitarie? Hangeth the censuring of your modestie, and - acceptaunce of that which your best friendes doe wish for, and the - wisest doe allowe of, on the tatling humours of common supposes?<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> if it - bee deemed once fit for you to marry againe, and that vpon the warie - and circumspect choyse thereof dependeth a manner of necessitie, and - that nowe, before anie one of yours almost suspected it, the plenty of - that might bee charily wished for, is layde alreadie into your bosome, - behooueth the respect of a little time, which (beeing sooner or later, - so it bee perfourmed with modestie and aunswered with discretion)<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> - mattereth not at all to detaine you so much, as thereby you are not - able to see into your owne profite? Is it not, I pray you, a purpose - honest that is tendered? Is it not a matter lawfull to bee accepted? - Is it a thing vnmeete for your present yeares at this instant to - be reputed? Nay, is it not all in all whatsoeuer,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> that in the best - sort as the case now standeth, may vnto you be offered? Why then - abstaine you the entertainment of your owne good? Why drawe you thus - backeward from your owne aduauncement? Why cease you to accept that, - whereunto in the ende you must by meere force bee compelled? If you - will beleeue mee in any thing, or doe suppose the waight of my credite - to be auaylable vnto you in ought, I would aduise you in other sort, - considering that by declyning from a selfe-opinion of that whereunto - without anie manifest reason you are induced, you shall doe most good - vnto your selfe, and giue occasion to them that loue you,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">65</span> to thinke - that by so doing, their good counselles haue happely preuailed with you - and wrought such aduauncemente vnto you, I haue thought with my selfe - many times sithence the death of your husbād, howe much imported the - vnsetled reach of your liuing to be renued in match with one of good - calling: see nowe God and Fortune more fauouring your hap, then your - selfe, your owne wel doing, haue sente you such a one, as of whome you - might vaunt, and iustly in all thinges be occasioned to accompt of. It - now appertaineth that either by fond self-wil, or too much vnkindnes, - you shake not off from you the foremost occasion of your succeeding - happines. I reck not what of the cōmon sort<span class="sidenote"><i>Procatalepsis.</i></span> (more of ignorance then - wit) may insuppose of the hastie conclusion be in secret alleadged, - their errours like their fancies, are as incertaine as peeuish. Be you - onely herein perswaded, to what most of all beseemeth you, and think - that both in the waightines, and regard attributed to his and your - own worthines, you can for the present frame your selfe to nothing,<span class="sidenote"><i>Vtilitie.</i></span> - that to your estate may returne so cōmodious, whereunto though no - other matter at all enioyned you, it were sufficient that so forced<span class="sidenote">Necessitie.</span> - a necessitie constraineth you, to which the regard of your selfe and - your owne good fortune willeth to obey.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> Longer coulde I debate vnto you - the greate liking of many, conceiued of the partie, to the deliuerie - whereof by the report of your neerest kinsmen, I doe solie refer you, - onelie studying in this, and whatsoeuer els I may, by all indeuours - to pleasure you, whereof praying you to be most assured, I doe in all - curtesie leaue to detaine you. At B. this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>Another Example of an Epistle Swasorie perswading<br /> - the carefull acceptance and regard<br /> - of one brother to<br /> - another.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THE sounde and entire familiaritie<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium</i>, by insinuation.</span> wherewith your parents in their - life time sometimes entertained me, and the neerenes of neighbourhoode - twixte both our friendes and long education wherein iointly we haue - conuersed together, mooueth mee at this instant somewhat to write vnto - you in respect of the reputation credit, and accompt that in the worlde - you nowe beare, and also the rather<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">66</span> - to win you to the regarde of that, - which to the estate of your presente being, and worthinesse of your - parents, might be found meetest and conuenient.</p> - - <p>It is giuen me to vnderstand of a younger brother you haue here in - London,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> who at the time of your fathers death beeing committed to your - charge, is for the defaulte of maintenaunce, badly inured, woorse - trained, and most perillously by all kinde of likelihood (through such - sufferaunce) in the loosnesse of his liuing alreadie hazarded.</p> - - <p>I woondered not a little when I hearde it,<span class="sidenote"><i>Liptote.</i></span> and so much the more was - the matter troublesome vnto mee, in that respecting it was not tolde - in secrete, it seemed by the lookes and gestures of the whole companie - that heard it, your good demeanor thereby was very hardly censured, - for that standing in such case of credite as you doe, your wealth so - aboundant, and your parentes so well accompted of, you woulde in this - sort,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> and in that place of all others suffer him to wander carelesse, - whome you ought to the contrarie to haue constrained, by any possible - carefulnes. How ill beseeming it is both to you & yours, that it - shoulde so fall out, you may by supposes coniecture. For my parte, - it grieued mee when I heard it, and I was not quiet till I found - conuenient time to aduertise you of it. And if my opinion may at all - preuaile with you, you shoulde quickly call him home from hence, and - see him more better to be prouided for, and more worthily trained.<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> - Consider I pray you, the life hee taketh in hand, befitteth not such - a one, whose originall was so honest, is ill beseeming the younger - brother of your selfe, vnwoorthie his birth or name of a Gentleman, and - altogether repugnant to the qualitie of your behauior or the greatnesse - of your liuing. You are to remember that hee is yet verie greene, nowe - pliable to whatsoeuer may bee impressed in him, as chafed waxe apte - to receiue anie figure,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parabola.</i></span> like vnto a newe vessell to bee seasoned with - whatsoeuer liquor, what hee now taketh taste and sauour of, that hee - holdeth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> what habite you nowe cast vpon him, the same shadow he lightly - beareth. Great cause haue you therfore now to be warie how and in what - sort he liueth.</p> - - <p>Your industrie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Congeries.</i></span> your brotherlie care, your loue, your especiall regarde - and kindnesse it is, that must bee ayding in this, you and none but - you are the man on whome hee relieth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> you are to prouide for - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">67</span> him, and - it is your selfe that must answere for him. Think that <em>nature</em>, - <em>loue</em>, <em>dutie</em> yea verie <em>piety</em> bindeth you vnto him, - who hath none other left to depend on, but such as by possibilitie - your self may become vnto him. In the consideration of which let (I - pray you) my wordes become thus much regarded vnto you, that herein as - in all other things you performe that beseemeth you.<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> Longer could I - occupie my selfe to trauell in this action with you, but that I deem it - (more then impertinent) any further therein to require you. Greeting - your selfe manie times in my name, I bid you therefore farewell. From - my house in B. this of, &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_12"><i>Of Epistles Dehortatorie, and Disswasorie. Chap. 12.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_v1.png" width="120" height="120" alt='v' /></span>Nnecessary - were it to wade further in either of these titles - <em>hortatorie</em> or <em>Swasorie</em>, the examples alreadie laide - downe being for them sufficient, wherfore we will now passe vnto - the contraries of these, being <em>Dehortatorie</em> and - <em>disswasorie</em>. The partes and places <em>exhorting</em> or - <em>perswading</em> hauing as you sée bene drawne from the qualities of - praise, fortified in diuers sortes, as well by the <i>person</i>, - by the <i>action</i>, as by the <i>thing</i> - it selfe, where vnder was comprehended what might be called - <i>honest</i> or good: So these on the contrarie parte pulling - backe or disswading, shall by the vnhonestie of the action or thing - as before hath bin said, and by the indignitie, vniustnes, wickednes, - insufferablenes, hate, mislike, contempt, or hazard of danger, - reputation or good name that thereof ensueth, be euermore measured.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In the handling whereof it is tolerable, by all sortes of - arguments, to infer and obiect any thinge to the diminution or defacing - of that which we go about to impugne. Yea, if need be, to inuert the - good also that in such a person may be supposed vnto a worser sence. - As if in dehorting or disswading a man from infidelity towards his - country I might first touching the action tender vnto him, how - <em>vnnatural</em> the cause is he taketh in hand, being against his natiue - soile: how <em>vnhonest</em>, by laying out the quality of the offence, - how <em>vniust</em>, in respect that it is against his allegiance - to his Prince, how <em>impious</em>, in that it retaineth no piety, - turneth to the disturbance of a quiet state, & bréedeth the subuersion - of al peaceable<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">68</span> gouernment, how - <em>insufferable</em>, by reason that - good and wholesome lawes are thereby infringed, all sortes of honest - and good men wronged, and consequently the common wealth by such meanes - topsie turuie turned.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">For the <em>Person</em> if he were at any time of worth I might - shewe then the <em>indignitie</em>, or ill beséeming of such a thinge - vnto him, for that actions of such kinde are alwaies vnto the noble - and best endued mindes vtterly repugning. And so thereupon if in him - there was euer reputed any wisdome, I might diuert it now vnto follie, - his <em>Fortitude</em>, I might challenge to be <em>Temeritie</em>, - his <em>moderation</em> crueltie, his <em>stoutnes arrogancie</em>, - his <em>haughtines pride</em>, his <em>Freedome loosnes</em>,and - consequently, for euerie other <em>vertue</em> induce or lay downe vnto - him a contrarie <em>vice</em>, respecting that by committing of actions - so <em>vile & contemptible</em>, all properties whatsoeuer of former - esteemed worthines doe vtterly loose the partes they haue of <em>good</em>, - and immideately are disturned there withall vnto euill.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And as in Epistles <em>Exhorting</em> or <em>Perswading</em>, the - intended vertue of goodnesse of euerie thing is more amplie set - foorth by the <em>opposite euil</em>: So in these of <em>withdrawing</em> - or <em>disswading</em> the intended <em>euil</em> by the - <em>opposite good</em>, is euer made more <em>hatefull</em>. Besides, - as there bee some thinges that are expresly good in themselues or - expresly euil, so are there some thinges that for themselues are helde - indifferent. In these, to perswade or withdrawe, there is a prettie - skill to be vsed, in which the discretion of the writer may not passe - vncommended, wherof (for so much as to a learner they may happely passe - vnregarded) I entende in this chapter to affoorde some application. For - in thinges alwaies knowne to be of themselues either good or euill, - there is no great cunning to make a shew of them as they are: but of - things which either by times, by liking, by place, by allowance, by - conuersation may be deemed good or bad, to be commended or disalowed, - in the setting foorth thereof appeareth both skill and discretion.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">For example, that mariage is a thinge much to be preferred, and to - the increase of man of so greate necessitie, as without which there - could bée no orderlie estate or societie, no man I am sure will denie - mée. And to a man vnwilling to enter thereinto, I might (with intent - to drawe him to a liking thereof) besides a number of necessarie - causes to be alleadged, as the decay<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">69</span> - of his house, the continuance - of a solitary, loose or bad kind of liuing, the end of his wealth and - name together hauing no issue to succéede him, infer also as much - pertinent to such a perswasion the sacred solemnization thereof in - Paradise, first by the <em>eternall Wisdome</em> himselfe thought méet - and appointed, then his pleasure to inioine the same to the worlds - increase, then the care that naturally we haue of issue to succéed - vs, the indignity for a man of value not to haue respect therof, the - loue likewise & mutuall societie betwixt man & wife, being of such - mightie efficacie, as wherunto no liking is to be compared, the swéet - pleasures, cares & delights, interchangeably passing betwéene them, - each dearly affying? them selues in the others contentment, solace - or pleasing, the ioy of procreation, when there shall be a childe - produced, whose infancie tatling with a pleasant lisping sound, shall - become an incredible delight to the parents hearing, with sundrie - other like inforcements and suggestions, all which might certainlie - shewe and declare the same to be as it is a matter of much woorth, - and sufficientlie set forth vnto the partie why it ought to be - embraced.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now, as the same is out of all doubt not onelie tollerable, as I - said before, but by the necessitie thereof among many thinges held to - be praise worthy: so in another place, & to another person might I - againe find as much occasion for matter, why the selfe same marriage - should be alike dispraised, as (not reckoning the age of man or woman, - which many times more of dotage then discretion pursueth the same) - there might be opposed thereagainst the swéetnes of libertie, the vse - wherof (nothing more) conduceth principally vnto the estate & life of - man, who naturally coueteth vnrestrained & without controlment to do - that him liketh, the benefit wherof enioying, he may ride, go, walke, - rest, eat, drinke, studie, recreate, solace, and whersoeuer, and in - whatsoeuer companie pleaseth him best, vse the conceit thereof to his - owne appetite.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now, hauing a wife (suppose she haue all the perfections you will - giue her) yet is the delicacie hereof bereft a man: for being once - married, hee thenceforth is no more vnto himselfe, but vnto her, for - her pleasure, to her choyce, at her liking, with her contentment, must - he then order his humours, his houres, his gestures, his companies, his - iourneys, his recreations, and what els he before time might fréelie - haue vsed, his owne liking is quenched, his<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">70</span> - libertie restrained, and - yet the losse hereof a heauen to that which followeth, if by great - good fortune he bee not the better matched, For imagin the woman - chosen, do prooue a scolde, wayward, self-willed, malicious, frowning, - or suspitious, what a hell is hee then driuen into, whose serpentine - and more then Adderlike disposition shall be such as would terrifie a - thousande Diuelles. If she bee wanton, dissolute, lewde, or loose in - liuing, howe on the other side shall he then be turmoyled: what is it - that she will not presume vpon, & dare to hazarde? how infamous shall - her life then become to his liuing? how little will shee esteeme of - him, in respect of the large account she holdeth of many others? If - she be proude, then may she be vnsupportable: if her wit be more then - his, then arrogant: if she be foolish, then a mocking stocke: if she be - faire, then a spectacle to gaze on: if foule, then a simpring puppet - to wonder on: if shee be rich, presumptuous: if poore, then happilie - odious. But being what shee may bee, or touching her owne person the - best she can bee, what intollerable charge bringeth shee with her, what - cost of apparel, what care of diet, what houshold of seruants, what - expence for attendance, what prouision for children; what furniture for - house, what daily, continual & neuer ceasing cark & toile for her & - hers: in conclusion, what one discommoditie may be reckoned, that with - her or for her is not in short space a thousande times hazarded?</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Thus doe you see how out of one selfe thing both praise and - dispraise by admittance may be gathered. A like thereunto may be added - in the vsage of wine. To a crazed man of weak disposition, or such a - one whose constitution of bodie for Phisicks sake should require it, I - might, to perswade him to the vse thereof, vrge the necessarie meane, - the goodnesse, propertie, vertue and wholesomnesse of the same, the - operation, howe it recreateth, driueth away heauinesse from the minde, - prouoketh appetite, comforteth, and many wayes (moderatelie taken) - helpeth and relieueth. But now to disswade againe the intermedling - therewith, what might bee imagined that coulde not bee rehearsed: by - manifesting the hurt and manifold inconueniences thereby ensuing, as - that it causeth drunkennes, dulleth the wits, making ill digestion, - ingendreth superfluities, weakneth the spirits, hurteth the braine, - driueth a man to forget himselfe, enforceth to commit that which - many times is<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">71</span> filthie and often vnbeseeming, of a reasonable - creature frameth a beast, discouereth counsels, causeth slaughters, - and consequentlie ladeth both the bodie and minde with a thousand - mischiefes, impediments and diseases.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">As of these twain, so might I stand vpon many others the like, - which for breuitie I omit, holding these applications sufficient - for the present intendment: adding herewithall, that the exhorter, - perswader or withdrawer from any thing, ought touching things - indifferent, specially to haue before his eyes the reputation of the - partie to whome he writeth, considering that some things are lesse - meete in one person then in another, and that which well fitteth and - agreeth with the state or condition of some one, is altogether vnmeet - and disagréeing in the behauiour of another. To consider in like sort - this old adage, <i>ne quid nimis</i>, whereby in reprouing - the vse of any thing he may prefer the <i>moderation</i>, and - inueigh against the <i>nimium</i>. Finally, to respect, - that of sundry indifferent occasions not the vse, but the abuse is - it which ought to bee reprehended. These beeing admitted, wee will - come to the <em>Examples</em> of both kindes aswell <em>Dehortatorie</em> - as <em>Disswasorie</em>, and see what therein may be tendred.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle dehortatorie, wherein a noble Gentleman<br /> - is withdrawne from infidelitie or rebellion.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY good G.<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> my faithfull louing Countriman, and dearest of account - <span class="sidenote">By insinuation.</span>(whilome all and either of these vnto me, so bee it the frowning - <span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span>heauens and dispiteful wicked fate had not harboured the contrarie) - what shall I write vnto thee, or by what tearmes may I now salute thee? - Erst woonted were my letters to pursue thee, carelesse in any cost,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> - and familiarly and boldly to regard thee, now blushing at thy vncouth - hap, and carefull of they carelesse vsage, they cannot without griefe - approch thee, nor once without sorrowe intentiuely behold thee.</p> - - <p>Alas, my G. what furie hath ledde thee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> what madnes hath bewitched - thee, what hatefull destinie hath pursued thee, that beeing such as - thou wert, on whome Nature and the heauens as it seemed, had powred all - their giftes moste plentifullie, thou wouldest yet be ledde to deface - so many partes of excellencie, with one hatefull,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">72</span> ignominious and - shamefull blott, of wicked, and most heynous treacherie.</p> - - <p>Diddest thou for this cause take vppon thee<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> the profession of Armes, to - become iniurious to thy Countrey, to bereaue men of their patrimonie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> - to bee a destroyer of vnitie, a patterne of infidelitie, the dishonour - of thy familie, and consequently to thy selfe and dearest soile,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> a - professed and open enemie? Ah happie in all other things, but in this - sole enterprize, in the broaching whereof thou wast put forwarde to bee - made the onelie vnhappie, behooueth with such ingratitude to rewarde - the first Authour of thy familie? Was this the ende of thy birth, thy - parents, education, thy estate, thy wealth, thy possibilitie, to become - a Traytour to thy Prince, and rebell to thy Countrey?<span class="sidenote"><i>Sinathrismus.</i></span> No, no, my G. - vilde and too ill beseeming is the drift that hath so ouertaken thee, - and ignorant was he of that became thee, that first thereunto perswaded - thee.</p> - - <p>When thou liest armed in the fields and<span class="sidenote"><i>Dialogismus.</i></span> (mustering thy ranks in the day - time) beholdest and lookest around about thy Countrey, thinkest thou - not then with thy selfe, in this soyle was I borne, within this land - lieth my patrimonie, heere had I first sucke, and sithence haue the - fruits thereof nourished me, and could I then become so ingratefull - and vnkinde, as for all these benefits to destroy thee? Not so, nor in - such maner haue the vertuous in field beene accounted so woorthie, not - for this cause in such actions, haue men beene said to beare themselues - honourably. <em>Coriolanus</em>, thou wast conuinced by the view of the - Citie and mothers intreatie, and shall I vnhappie man for all this, - persist in this crueltie?</p> - - <p>Iustlie and by great occasion credit me, mightest thou thus complaine - of so great an iniurie, and all this being so true, as nothing more - true; can it be said in prosecuting the same, thou maist be freed frō - infamie?<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> What I pray thee hath made men famous, and canonized their - memorie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodus.</i></span> was it not their munificence and valiant demerits in and for - the good of their country? For in what one thing are we more likened - vnto God himselfe, then in the worthines of our minds, the resolutions - whereof, ought in no wise to be stained with such hatefull obloquie? - The Asse runneth through fire for the safegard of her issue<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> and shall - the valiant man then become negligent to the ayde of his Countrey? Howe - farre more waightilie shall hee bee accused, who not onelie - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">73</span> giueth no - ayde at all to his Countrey,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> but also is therunto an inconsiderate and - most cruell enemie? Howe carelesse are such men of their fame, and howe - vnlike of all others to those memorable woorthies, the precious regard - whereof, vnto them hath beene such, as then goods,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> possessions, riches, - kingdomes, yea life it selfe hath beene helde most dearest. Peruse but - the auncient hystories of <em>Rome</em>, and looke there of <em>Mutius - Scæuola</em>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> the most inuincible Romane, with what confidence hee - went solie into the Tent of <em>Prosenna</em>, his and their Countryes - capitall enemie, in minde onelie to destroie him. The good <em>Furius - Camillus</em>, who after manie high and honourable seruices by him - done to the Common-wealth of Rome, was by his owne Citizens vniustlie - banished: howe farre off was hee thinke you, from this your opinion? - For the Galles<span class="sidenote"><i>Etiologia.</i></span> whom before he had expulsed, hauing in the time of - this his banishment assieged the Citie of Rome, and beeing then verie - likely to haue distressed the same, insomuch as they had alreadie - forraged, burnt and destroyed the whole Countrey round about, hee more - sorrowfull at the likely ruine of his Citie, then grieued at his owne - banishment, (mooued thereunto of verie pietie to his natiue soyle and - Countrey) entred counsell with the <em>Ardeats</em>, and by his wisedome, - policie, and great manhood, so perswaded those people, that in feare - of their mishap, they were content to leuie a mightie armie vnder his - conduct, wherewith hee not onely put backe the enemie, but therewith so - mightilie pursued them, as by such meanes he vtterly freed and set at - libertie his Citie and Conntrey.</p> - - <p>What neede wee search abroade for such forraine examples, and why draw - wee not home into our owne soyle of England?<span class="sidenote"><i>Transitiō.</i></span> What Chronicle shall euer - remaine, or what English Hystorie shall euer bee extant, that shall - not euerlastinglie report, the deserued fame of that right woorthie - and verie noble indeede, Sir <em>William Walwoorth</em>, Knight, once - Lord Maior of London, the remembraunce whereof (to his perpetuall - prayse, and endlesse confusion of others, who not onely abstaine the - putting in vre of such his memorable vertue, but which is woorse, doe - endeuour by cruell force to tender violence vnto their Sacred Prince - and Countrey) shall yet flourish for euer. Ill doe you example vnto - your selfe, or thinke on the woorthinesse of that good man, who in the - time of King<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">74</span> <i>Richard</i> - the seconde, when with a most suddaine and - strange kinde of Rebellion the King was troubled,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parison.</i></span> the Realme pestered, - and the strongest of the Kinges subiectes greatlie feared: euen at - that time when the proude fawtour and Captaine<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> of the rebellious and - rascallie multitude,<span class="sidenote"><i>Periphrasis.</i></span> durst hatefullie and most vndutifullie to bearde - the King in his owne presence, and each man shunned to impugne the - contrarie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> This valiant, this good, this right noble and woorthie - Citizen, standing by, when the wicked and presumptuous varlet, with so - little reuerence approached the King, and remembring the seruices of - manie worthie men, that by an honourable aduenture and hazarde of their - liues had to their eternall memorie, before time freed their Countrey - with libertie, grieuing that with so high an abuse his soueraigne Lorde - beeing yet as it were a childe, shoulde there in his hearing, bee so - farre amated, couragiouslie stept vnto the Rebell,<span class="sidenote"><i>Dialogismus.</i></span> and taking him by - the gorge, proude varlet (quoth hee) that darest thus contemptouslie - demeane thy selfe vnto thy King and Soueraigne, foule death betide - thee, and shame quicklie consume thee: Whie, aunswered the villaine - in greate disdaine, is it thou that greeuest at that I haue sayde? - Greeue, replyed the stoute couragious Citizen,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epizeuxis.</i></span> yea, euen I, I it is - that greeue at thee, and happilie shoulde thinke my selfe accurst, - if thou shouldest escape from mee vnreuenged, wherewith drawing more - closelie vnto him, hee pulled him from his horse by maine force, and - stabbed him to the heart with his dagger. The destruction of whom, - bredde such confusion vnto all the residue of his headstrong armie, and - sight whereof kindeled so great a furie in the residue of the Kings - companie, (who for that present vpon speciall considerations, was there - attended on but meanelie) that the whole rebellious route were by such - meanes euer after discomfited vtterlie: wherewith before that instaunt - the whole Realme<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> had lyke to haue beene turned topsie turuie. Hee and - such as hee laboured not by ambitious pride to arrogate vnto themselues - a lawlesse extremitie, but studyed of meere loue and entire zeale, how - and which way they might performe best seruice to their Prince and - Conntrey.<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> O more then ordinarie affection, and feruencie of high and - statelie woorthinesse, in the regarde whereof, life was not sweete vnto - these men, whose liuing might not redounde to become (for their dearest - soyle) to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">75</span> - bee honoured and famous.<span class="sidenote"><i>Aporia.</i></span> What then may I say my G. of that - by thee, and thy copartners taken in hande, whether will you be driuen, - what shall become of you, how doe ye behaue your selues, who may - receiue you, in whose inward conceites (not the pietie and regard of - anie of theese) no nor so much as one sparke of their loialtie, coulde - so deepelie bee impressed, as whereby to withdrawe you from these - vnnaturall broiles?<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> What haue you found in your deare prince? what in - your louing countrie? what in this citie? what to anie one of al your - selues in particularitie, that might in such hatefull maner incite you, - & by occasion whereof you should thrust your selues into so great an - enormitie? Beleeue me, & it shal verilie be auowed, the successe hereof - will returne vnto you none other in the ende then the verie reward - of infamie. I haue knowne thee, beeing far lesse in yeares then at - this instant, to haue bene able to rule thy selfe, and with plausible - moderation to bee indued in all things,<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> couldest thou then beeing a - childe performe this in thy selfe, and beeing nowe a man art not able - to endure it? There be I know about thee, that will perswade that all - that thou doest herein is vertue, that herein thou hast great wisdom, - much fortitude, and notable moderation, that the action is haughtie, - the occasion libertie, and the end glorie. But how greatlie they doe - erre in so saying, let this saying of good <em>Camillus</em> stand for - you and vs indifferentlie, whose notable speach sprung vp from those - his inuiolable vertues, spared not this, to affirme in presence of - all the Senate vnto the people.<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosopopœia.</i></span> Let others (quoth hee) deeme it a - thinge euill and reprochfull at anie time to bee founde faultie, in - not yeelding ready succors and aid to their country: <em>Camillus</em> - for his part is & shal be of that resolute determination, that it is - & ought to be reputed for euermore a thing detestable and vild, and - of all other the most hatefull and replenished with all execrable - miserie. How thinketh then your gentle mind, of the action by this - time. Is it (suppose you) anie vertue that thereunto preferreth you? - <em>Camillus</em> iudged that it was not reprochfull, but villanous and - detestable, so much as to bee founde failing in ought to his countrie, - and may it then bee thought a thinge honest to become a persecutor of - your countrie?</p> - - <p>It is not <em>Fortitude</em>, but <em>Temeritie</em>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Orismus.</i></span> that conducteth - your enterprises, for <em>Fortitude</em> aspireth to far more noble - and statelier purposes. The action and determination, you preferre - therein is not (as fondlie by<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">76</span> you is conceaued) <em>honour</em>, but - <em>haughtines</em>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> not <em>libertie</em>, but <em>loosenes</em>, not - <em>vertue</em>, but <em>viciousnes</em>: why then continue you in this - sorte togethers, vpon so wicked and diuelish a purpose? Why returnest - not thou rather to thy self my G. & hauing long before striued to - emulate the praise of others by an vnstained gentilitie, wipe nowe - quickly off this foule blemish from thee, and couering the filthinesse - thereof by a most incomparable fidelitie, become once againe like vnto - thy self. At the least wise,<span class="sidenote">Loue.</span> if the loue of thy coūtrie, fidelitie - towards thy prince, the example of Vertue her selfe and so many her - famous and renowned followers (then which no one thinge on earth ought - more to allure a man) may not herewith conuince thee, let yet the - execrable and immortall hate,<span class="sidenote">Hate.</span> that all good men beare to the practise - of such kind of crueltie, the feare<span class="sidenote">Feare.</span> of euer harbouring shame, and - erected ignomie, and neuer after hope (thy credite once consumed) - againe to recouer thee, let these I say constrain thee. Whilst there is - yet but one craze or slender flaw<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> in the touchstone of thy reputation, - peece it vp, & new flourish again by a greater excellēcie, the square - of thy workmanship.<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> A fewe daies are to bee passed in which there is - yet time, fame wounded in life may once bee restored, if death doe - preuente thee, thy shame and destruction is for euer shrowded.<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> The next - newes I hear from thee, may make thee fortunate, or me for thee alwaies - vnhappie. My longing would bee satisfied of this from which I dehort<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> - thee. If onelie herein thou condiscende vnto mee, my selfe am thine, - and to none so much as thy selfe absolutely, I loue thee, I require - thee, I pray thee, and pray for thee, that thou maist as I wish, and - wouldest as I bid, bee for, and to mee. Farewell if thou doest well.</p> - - <h4>An Example of a disswasorie Epistle,<br /> - <i>wherin one is disswaded from fruit-<br /> - les vanities, to more learned & pro-<br /> - fitable studies</i>.</h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">I Receiued on Saturday last a letter from your Vncle,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> wherein amongst - sundrie other matters I was aduertised, that leauing your former - learned studies, whereunto with greate cost and charge<span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">77</span> of your - parents, you had bene trained, you haue giuen your selfe wholie to - certaine thinges, the regarde whereof albeit in their moderate vses, I - cannot discommende, yet in respecte of your former intendmentes, I can - tearme them none other then meere follies, and verie fruitles vanities.</p> - - <p>It is reported with vs for certaine, that you are become an excellent - good dauncer, that you are growne prettilie skilled on instrumentes, - whereon you play reasonablie, that you spende the time limitted for - more profite in the Vniuersitie, in making of songes and exquisite - fine ditties, that you are verie fitlie seated for wantonnesse, and - worthilie behaued in all kind of curious conueyances.</p> - - <p>I woulde for mine owne parte nothing at all mislike what herein you - haue in some sorte frequented,<span class="sidenote"><i>concession.</i></span> weighing indeede that as they may bee - in sorte entertained, those qualities doe not ill beseeme a Gentleman, - but are in their kinde verie fit and commendable to anie youthfull - reckoning:<span class="sidenote"><i>Parison.</i></span> yet studying them as you doe by them selues, inuring your - selfe whollie to their delighte, abandoning what else might best honour - and beautifie their woorthinesse, in respect of the sole propertie - of them selues and their owne peculiar goodnesse, I say that in such - regarde they are vanities, trifles, thinges of no momente, and in each - sounde opinion to bee helde<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> of farre lesse value and iudgement.</p> - - <p>The intendment of your going to the Vniuersitie was for <em>learning</em> - sake, to become an excellent scholler, not an exquisite dauncer, a - Maister of Arte<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> not an artlesse maister, a good Rhetorician, not a - conceited Musitian: your Vncles care, was by vilefying his wealth vnto - you, (the weight whereof by imminent perilles wee see daylie perish - before our eies) to purchase for you the endowment of a farre more - greater and assured treasure, and that is by knowledge to teach you - to discerne trifles, to procure in you a minde to despise trifles, - that leauing small riches to inherit, you your selfe might gather - possessions whereby to enrich you.</p> - - <p>You then are farre misconceiued, to relinquish the hoped reckoning of - that you came for, to applie your selfe to that which fewe doe accompt - of, and the wisest woulde neuer sweate for, you shall therefore vppon - better aduise endeuour if you doe well, to returne your conceite to - a far more better purpose. You shall call to minde that<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">78</span> all studies - whatsoeuer, by how much the more excellent ech one appeareth before - the other, by so much the more assured are they in their kinde, and - aboue all the residue, with far greater estimate to bee preferred: - if so? then must you graunt me that no one thing vpon earth (then - <em>learning</em>, then precious and high esteemed <em>skill</em>, then - aboue all earthly things whatsoeuer,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> heauenlie <em>science</em>) is of - so great and surpassing excellence. To lay out vnto you herein, howe - much glorious is her shining hue aboue all others,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parison.</i></span> howe sugred her - plantes, howe daintie her fruits, howe delicate her pleasures, howe - incomparable her high and statelie reach, how she participateth the - skies, the element, the venerable search and knowledge<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> of high and - sacred mysteries: I need not, you know it, you haue felt & tasted of - it. But to shewe howe much you misprise the force of her vertue, howe - ill conceiued, and far wandring, you are from the due esteeme of her - glorie, to make loue to her handmaides, to professe liking to her - seruantes, to become sole entertainer of her vassals: hereon resteth - the iniurie, this is it I complaine of vnto you.</p> - - <p>And if either the sum and type of honestie placed in the weight of - the action,<span class="sidenote"><i>congeries.</i></span> the necessitie, meetnes, and worthines, the vtility and - benefits seuen hundred fold compensing the trauel, may (as earthly - things haue often power to mooue one,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> aboue things of far higher - estimation) induce you to her most dearest and precious fruition, - search then the fauor of these your louing mistresses, and (seemlie I - grant you may find them) but neuer shall they proue either so wealthy - or beautifull. What then should let you to returne to this glorious - Ladie?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> Will you because you are an earthlie substance, followe the - common reason of euerie earthlie creature? <em>humum sapere & alta - spernere?</em> or saying that the appetites of the one are much - pleasanter for the time, or far lesse tedious then the other,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> welde - your opinion by a peeuish conceite of ease, to become a creditor to - wantonnes?</p> - - <p>These imaginations as they are meerelie bad, so are they ten times - woorse in the pursuite, then they are sweete in the foremost thought. - Peeuish<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> were it, simplie for you to stande vppon these vanities, - thinges wherein children haue delight, and young weaklinges doe roue at - cunninglie: you must suppose and harpe vpon the end that must succeede - vnto your trauaile, and finding the reache thereof pursue it with - feruencie: Such actions as these doe onelie beseeme men, and heerein - alone shall you shewe your selfe such as you<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">79</span> may desire to bee, and - your friends doe heartilie wish you to prooue. Alexander restlesse in - the day tyme,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> gaped for worldles, but in the night season was rocked - a sleepe by the <em>Muses</em>, the pleasure hereof appeased his day - labours, and the content of this gaue rest to his trauels.</p> - - <p>Too much impertinent were it for me to hale you on with arguments,<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> - who onelie go about to perswade you with warrantise: Neither thinke I - in the ende you will declare your selfe otherwise, then euer I haue - expected of you. Much more could I infer, that might greatlie induce - you to that whereunto your owne willingnesse must in the ende, of - necessitie conduce you. Onely, if in the weight hereof my perswasions - may something preuaile: I shall not forget in any woorthie part - thereof, at all times to commend you. In which reposing my selfe for - the present, I ende: this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An other example disswasorie, wherein the partie is by diuers rea-<br /> - sons disswaded from entring into an action in appa-<br /> - rance verie dangerous.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">I Haue (good brother) receiued your letters,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> dated the eight day of - this instant, which were with as great diligence as celeritie, conueied - to my handes, and by the fidelitie of the bearer haue vnderstoode to - the vttermost what you willed, and both of that and your letter haue - at large considered.<span class="sidenote"><i>Propositiō.</i></span> It seemeth therin vnto mee, that whether through - ignorance of your owne good,<span class="sidenote"><i>Aporia.</i></span> or inconsiderate rashnesse of youth, or - voluntarie intrusion of your selfe into your owne harmes, I knowe not, - but the matter and action mentioned and inforced by the whole course - of your letter, is altogither to be misliked, and for the extremitie - thereof to bee by all reason vtterly condemned,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> as whereunto you - ought not to condescende, much lesse to bee seene in publique to bee - a fauourer of, or, which is more, to appeare to bee, the onelie man - through whose follie and immoderate rashnesse, the same is solie to be - accomplished.</p> - - <p>O good God! what blindnes is it that leadeth you?<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> what sencelesse furie - that bewitcheth you? What matter of euill that pursueth you? By the - intollerable force whereof, without anie fore-sight at all, either of - the goodnesse or ilnesse of the action, the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">80</span> - lawlesse prosecution, the - matter of your owne reputation, the daunger of lawe wherein you are - intruded,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> the difficultie whereby it must be attained, the vnhonest - sollicitation of your friends, to so great a hazard, the discommoditie - that thereon is attendant, and perill euerie way that in the execution - cannot be auoyded: you will notwithstanding all this forget your selfe - so much, as in the accomplishment of a purpose so farre different from - the nature (I will not say of a Gentleman) but of an honest man, go - about to put in proofe what in the ende must of necessitie returne to - your owne confusion.</p> - - <p>But you will say it is loue,<span class="sidenote"><i>Procatalepsis.</i></span> and extreame lyking that compelleth you - to so forcible an action, as without the obtaining whereof you are nobodie, - <span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> you cannot liue. Loue say you? Alas, what loue tearme you this, - that is laden with so manie disordered motions, call you this loue? - Nay rather call it madnesse,<span class="sidenote"><i>Orismus.</i></span> for loue is measured by no extremitie, - but in the honest and vertuous encrease thereof, where not by a - harebraine furie, but by a discreete and moderate ascention men by - degrees doe climbe vnto that, the sweete and pleasant force whereof - neuer participateth anie occasion of such vnreasonable badnesse.<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> Why - brother, doe you loue her whome you haue sued for, and because by - desert you cannot attaine her, will you vndertake thereupon to bereaue - her by force? Howe vnhonest I pray you is the purpose of so great a - wrong?<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> Howe vnfit to bee put forwarde in the - meaner sort of men?<span class="sidenote"><i>Etiologia.</i></span> How - intollerable in a Gentleman? For if in the account of things vnhonest, - any action whatsoeuer may appeare to be vile, what then this I pray you - may bee deemed more dishonest, more bad, or more vile?</p> - - <p>And if it be punished extreamly by the lawe, the taking away of a mans - goods against his will,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> what may he deserue that bereaueth the person - of anie one, being also a Gentlewoman, such as to whome all humanitie - forbiddeth to proffer wrong, and to the honourable entertainment of - whome, is appropriate onely the nobilitie of a Gentleman, nay, in what - sort may such a one bee censured in the reputation of all honest men, - that in sort so violent, goeth about to rauish her, not onlie offering - iniurie therein to her person, but also to her fame, reputation and - offspring.</p> - - <p>Thinke you that the intendment heereof can returne credite to your - lyuing? Thinke you that by deliuerie of such fruites you<span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">81</span> may bee - reputed a Gentleman? No beleeue mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> it cannot bee, but according - to the vnwoorthinesse thereof, it rather shall giue occasion to all - that shall heare or vnderstande of it, to accuse, blame, mislike, and - vtterlie to condemne you.<span class="sidenote"><i>Concessiō.</i></span> But what if no manner of suppose at all of - dishonestie were left therein, whereby to discourage and withdrawe you - from the action, imagining that the purpose thereof were helde meete - and honourable, and that to euerie one that could winne his choyce by - anie force he might, it were lawfull without discredite or anie censure - of law by what meanes soeuer, to compasse the same, do you thinke it - a matter sleight and easie for you to performe it? No, no sir, you - reckon too wide, you goe beyond the Moone, you are too much deceyued.<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> - Know you not the Gentlewoman is worthilie descended, that she hath - parents,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asindeton.</i></span> brethren, vncles, and friendes to keepe her, to rescue her, to - defend her? Why sir,<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> is there no more to say, but you will haue her? - You must haue her? and by maine force you will take her? You deale - with no children I can tell you, nor weakelings as you account of, - but men wise, valiaunt, well reputed, and of sound gouernment:<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> who by - so much the more iust and right, the occasion is of their defence, by - so much the sooner will they, and are able to preuaile against you.<span class="sidenote"><i>Procatalepsis.</i></span> I - recke not that you haue courage sufficient, that you are hardie, bolde, - and aduenturous (the vse whereof being imployed to good and laudable - purposes, were I confesse much more effectuall) but herein how euer - the case standeth, I see nothing so likelie as an impossibilitie, in - somuch as if you be delighted to become infamous, and in the memorie of - a shamelesse life to hazard your selfe to a shamefull death,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> then may - you enter into it: once this I knowe, that her can you neuer finde so - slenderlie accompanied, that with small force you can carie her, but - within a moment alwayes, there will not bee wanting a number that shall - bicker for her, from whose insight, you are altogither vnable, if her - selfe consented thereunto, to conuey her.</p> - - <p>But graunting vnto your wilfull imagination,<span class="sidenote"><i>Concessiō.</i></span> as much in all things as - you can desire, suppose you might winne her, conuey her, keepe her, - and that the daunger of lawe limited at all no hazarde thereunto, (the - contrarie whereof you well knowe, being guerdoned with no woorse then - losse of life) doe but yet againe returne to your selfe, and call to - minde your birth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Congeries.</i></span> your familie, your profession, your - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">82</span> maner of liuing:<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodis.</i></span> - your birth by your parents who were worshipfull, your stocke by the - reputation yet helde of the same: your profession, which is Armes: your - liuing, a Gentleman. Is it then consonant or agreeing to all or anie of - these,<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> to commit any outrage, and that such an outrage, as to any other - were not so proper, as to a villaine, a wretch, a rascall, such a one - as neither by nature, education, or custome, knoweth to do otherwise? - What would you exercise I pray you on her, if you had her? Once you - confesse she doth not loue you, then no question, would she ten times - more hate you: Your answere I knowe would bee, either by entreatie to - perswade her, or by force to subdue her.</p> - - <p>The conclusion is friuolous,<span class="sidenote"><i>Dialysis.</i></span> if being now her supposed wel-willer, you - can by no meanes allure her, imagine you then by prayers to conuince - her, after you haue once shewed your selfe so extreame vnto her? And - if force be it you pretend, it is repugnant to gentlenes, yet (be - it you neglect what therein to be considered) assure your selfe her - malice neuerthelesse towards you will neuer be quenched. For that of - our selues we cannot freelie accept of,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> we neuer by compulsion can be - procured to like of.<span class="sidenote"><i>Confutatiō.</i></span> With you now, the case is quite contrarie, for so - imminent euerie way are the perils thereof vnto you, as if her friendes - should abstaine it, yet the lawes will punish it, and if no lawes were - at all, yet God would reuenge it.</p> - - <p>If then you will hearken or vnderstand what is right, you must bee - disswaded from these intendments, wherin if my selfe should haue become - so graceles, as to haue set in foote with you, iustly we might haue - both confessed to haue beene drowned in all vnhappines togithers.</p> - - <p>And nowe good brother,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> vse I pray you that meanes herein, that with - greatest commendation maie beseeme you, weigh with your selfe, that - such distemperate motions are not to bee followed, conceyue that - <em>Vertue</em>, whose seruaunt you were in your first education, - forbiddeth you to bee ledde by such sensuall appetites, thinke that - honour of Armes which you haue professed, extendeth not it selfe to - the frayle and weake subduing of a Womans condition, who by reason - of her sexe rather chalengeth at your handes a defence, then anie - man-like enforcement: besides, much vnwoorthie should it bee vnto your - reputation by violence to dishonour her, whose estimate and account - by reason of your<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">83</span> liking, you oughte to preferre with all honour. - In fine, frame your selfe to doe that vncompelled, which by force - you shall bee constrained to wish once to haue perfourmed, so shall - you euer doe that beeseemeth you, and giue me cause, as my deare and - louing brother euermore to accompte of you. Our former loue and liking - willeth mee euermore to greete you, your sister and mine commendeth her - heartilie vnto you. Fare yee well, B. this thirteenth of Nouember, &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_13"><i>Of Epistles Conciliatorie.<br /> - Chap. 13</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_a4.png" width="120" height="120" alt='A' /></span>Fter - these Epistles <em>dehorting</em> and <em>disswading</em>, - followeth nowe the nexte title <em>Conciliatorie</em>, whose - vse being preferred in acquiring vnto our selues the acquaintance, - friendship or familiaritie of men worthie, haue often their directions - as well from those of honourable or worshipfull name or calling, to - such as are their inferiours, as otherwise betweene equals, or those - that bee accompted familiars: but seldome or neuer is frequented - to such as are our betters, for then it looseth the name of - <em>Conciliatorie</em>, and because of the humilitie thereof séemeth to - be <em>Petitorie</em>. Touching the first degree of these Epistles, it - is likelie, that hee who is much our better, will either of his honour, - woorshippe, or gentlenesse, in plainest tearmes alwaies offer himselfe - to his inferiours, whome in such sorte hee desireth to bee knowne vnto, - or otherwise willinglie woulde repute of. For the others, touching - equals or familiars, order therein requireth, that pithily and plainly - wee set downe the cause moouing vs to take knoweledge of him wee write - vnto, and thereupon to mooue his acquaintance.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">This, albeit without some assentation, it hardlie falleth with some - in their writing to bee caried, yet shall our learner by all possible - means indeuour to keepe such <em>Decorum</em> herein, that hee gloze - not too palpably, least by such means he do incurre a notable suspition - of flatterie.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">84</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">If in our selues we do conceiue or find some one or mo things, that - are vnto such a one pleasing, or whereof wee may coniecture the regarde - to returne vnto him, commodious, or to confirme towards vs a more - speciall liking, that shall we modestlie tender, and deuise without - arrogancy in some conuenient sorte to be signified. These are the - onely precepts in this kind of writing, to be considered, the effectes - whereof are in this sort following by their examples deliuered.</p> - - <h4><span class="large">An Epistle Conciliatorie, written</span><br /> - <i>from one of good accompt to his<br /> - inferiour</i>.</h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">AFter my verie heartie commendations vnto you. This bearer and my - seruaunt whome I greatlie credite, hath signified vnto mee manie - matters tending to your great commendation, the reporte whereof, I - haue often sithence hearde confirmed by others. And for asmuch as - touching mine owne condition, I haue alwaies beene a fauourer of artes, - and entirelie accounted of the singularitie of anie one according - to his worthinesse, I haue so much the more greatlie desired your - acquaintance, as one whome willinglie I would doe good vnto. Assuring - you, that if at some conuenient time you will take paines to see mee, - I will not onelie (as occasion serueth) bee well content to imploy - you my selfe, but also in place of further accompt doe the best I - may to recommende you. Meane while I woulde gladlie bee infourmed by - the returne of this Messenger, at what time I may expect to see you, - according to which I will appoint horses, and send some to accompanie - you. And so for this present doe bid you hartilie farewell. From my - house of N. this twentieth of April, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An example Conciliatorie, from one e-<br /> - quall to another.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe vniuersall reporte of your excellencie, each where declared, hath - mooued mee good M. N. not onelie to admire you for - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">85</span> the same, but among - a greate manie others, that regarde and especiallie doe accompte - of you, hath induced mee also hereby to praie your acquaintance. I - confesse sir, sithence I first heard of you, I grewe euen then verie - desirous to see and to know you, but being this other daie in companie - with sir T. P. I vnderstood howe much for your singular vertue both of - the good Knight and Ladie, you were hartilie commended and entirelie - fauoured.</p> - - <p>This considerate opinion of theirs, hath in my speedie determination - egged mee forwarde, and caused me to salute you by these letters, the - rather for that I haue sundry times bene enformed with what ioifull - and friendlie conceite, you doe entertaine the familiaritie of euerie - Gentleman. Little (God knoweth) resteth in mee to pleasure you, the - worthines whereof I coulde wish, were as well answerable to your vertue - as effectuallie you might haue power in mee to commaunde it. This one - thing can I deliuer of my selfe, that since I had first capacitie to - discerne of mens conditions, I haue alwaies studied to honour the - vertuous, and euermore with reuerence to entertaine their actions. A - fauourer I haue still beene of the learned, and a diligent regarder - of their excellencies, such as in minde more then wealth wuld wish - to be reputed happy, & to my vttermost power gladlie accomplish what - might bee deemed most worthie. Such a one if you vouchsafe to like - of, I wholie yeelde my selfe vnto you, expecting nothing more then at - your conueniente leisure I might finde occasion to see you. Whereunto - referring the residue of all my desires, It doe for the present cease - to detaine you. London this fourth of Iune, &c.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">TO these Epistles might be added two seuerall answers: in both - of which there is required a special and wel demeaned modesty, in - the one of humility to bee according to his better, in the other of - curtesie to gratifie his equall, each of them containing, a submissiue - executio of that, in either of their faculties and professions simply - to be attributed, the diuersities of both of them not impertinent - to these our instructions, I haue in sort following put downe to be - considered.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">86</span></p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle responsorie answering to the first of these Letters.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">IT may please your Worshippe, I haue receiued your curteous Letters, - and by the same, as also by your messenger haue fullie conceiued of - your fauour and louing intendment towardes mee, for all which I can - but render vnto you my most humble and duetiful thankes. Touching - my selfe, I verie gladlie wish that there were anie thing in mee, - whereof you might take pleasure, or wherewith I might anie waies bee - enabled to doe you seruice: Such as it is I humblie render vnto your - commaunde, and doe pray that in as good sorte as I tender it, you will - bee pleased to accepte of it. Your man can witnesse, that as yet I - haue some earnest occasions for a while to detaine mee, who otherwise - woulde bee well contented foorthwith to waite vpon you. And were I not - thereunto especiallie enioined by your good fauour, the importunitie of - your seruaunt might happily in such case haue preuailed with mee. It - may therefore stand with your good pleasure to pardon mee, one moneth, - which tearme beeing expired, I thence forwarde will remaine at the - commaunde of none so much as your Worshippe, to whose good acceptaunce - I eftsoones doe recommende my selfe in all reuerente duetie. London - this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>A letter responsorie answering to the latter Epistle.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">Sir, I haue vnderstoode by your gentle and friendlie letters, not - onelie howe much I rest beholding to your good opinion, but also to the - curteous Knight, and my especiall good Ladie you write of, to each of - whome I haue founde my selfe indebted exceedinglie. Manie waies might - I aduertise you howe much I haue to thanke both them and you, which - that my desires may appeare answerable to your wishes I doe leaue, till - personallie in as present hast as conuenientlie may bee, I see you. I - am not altogether ignoraunt of the good partes which by some (vnto your - selfe well knowne) hath beene aduertised heretofore vnto me of you, - and for which I do most willinglie embrace you. Assuring you yᵗ you - haue but preuēted me in this one curtesie, which before my going out of - town, I was vehementlie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">87</span> perswaded to haue tendred vnto you, wherein - neuerthelesse I rest satisfied, in that by one so well accomplished as - your selfe, I haue heerein been so farre foorth conuinced. My busines - with his L. resteth I hope vpon a present dispatch, and therefore doe - I reckon (by Gods grace) within these verie few dayes to visite you. - Meane while, confessing howe much I stande charged vnto your selfe for - this sole courtesie, I doe pray that vnto the good Knight, and his La. - you will report my right humble dutie: And euen so doe commit you to - the Almightie. This of, &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_14"><i>Of Epistles Reconciliatorie.<br /> - Chap. 14.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_n2.png" width="120" height="120" alt='N' /></span>Owe - after these <em>Responsorie</em> Letters, each answering vnto - the others tendered courtesies, I thinke it meet to come to the next - title, being in order <em>Reconciliatorie</em>. The matter whereof - importeth a reconciliation to those from whom wee acknowledge in some - sort or other to haue beene disseuered, contrarie to the bonde of - friendshippe or dutie that therein might bee required, whether by our - owne default, or by whose or what defect, as by the circumstance of the - action shall bee tendered. In the framing of these Epistles wee shall - recorde with our selues, in what league, amitie or dutie, wee haue - before time stoode charged or bounde to him to whome wee studie to bee - reconciled, thereupon shall wee according to the district obseruation - at that instant helde of the same, studie eyther to qualifie, - adnihilate, or vtterlie to extinguish the cause of falling of the - disseuerance, or breach. Then shall we desire for the considerations - thereunto inducing vs, to be retained againe in his wonted fauour - or friendlie acceptance. And these as in the examples following may - accordingly be suted.</p> - - <h4><i>An example reconciliatorie, from one friend to another.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe regarde of our auncient<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> amitie and long continued acquaintaunce, - wherein so firmelie and manie yeares wee haue beene<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">88</span> knit togithers, - will not permit (my good D.) that wee for one slender grudge, (rather - by the malice and despite of others enuying our olde friendship,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> then - by anie occasion of our selues, in ill time suggested betweene vs) - shoulde in this sort bee disseuered. True it is, that before this time - the like breach, or anie thing neare vnto the same was neuer seene - betweene vs, but what (mischiefe) shall I nowe tearme it, or imagine - to bee the occasion, that in so vnlooked time, and vpon so vnexpected - occasion, hath in this vilde sort, giuen meane to vntie vs, betweene - whome so great a league of loue, so long confirmed and approoued - liking, so manie protestations and vowes haue ere this passed, as that - by the force thereof it might well haue seemed wee should neuer haue - fallen to this variance. But what cannot enuie doe?<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> What is it that - cruell, detestable and inueterate malice cannot performe? Credite - mee, my D. for my part I am sorie that euer follie so much maistred - vs, as to hearken in any sort to the stirrers vp of such bitternesse. - And as my selfe was the first that by admittaunce and allowaunce of - those rumours gaue the formost onset, by meanes whereof grewe this - discontenting and vnkinde department betweene vs: so will I bee the - first that shall endeuour to renue againe our friendshippe by a more - iust reconcilement, to the intent the fruites of our vnfained liking - becomming by such meanes the more forcible, may render vnto all the - worlde a sufficient testimonie, how hard and difficult a thing it is - to part those whome (but onelie death itselfe) hath power to disseuer. - Bee onelie contented my D. once againe, to restablish that which being - a little vntwisted, could neuer wholie be broken.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> Thy knowne good will, - and heartie zeale vnto mee; assureth mee not to distrust the same at - thy handes, which thou shalt euer finde to be graffed within me. This - euening by Gods grace I meane at our lodging to see thee, whither, and - to thy selfe I doe most heartilie commend me.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap">T<span class="antiqua">His Reconciliatorie being different from that other</span> - Conciliatorie <span class="antiqua">Epistle, by reason of the argument thereof tending - to renue that, which formerlie might by the other before bee intreated - for, carrieth the effects thereof as well as it dooth betwéene equals: - so from an inferiour person to one who in reputation<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">89</span> is somewhat - more then his better. vpon presumption of whose fauor, or by negligence of - his own dealing, hauing thrown himselfe into some disgrace with such a - partie, he may by meanes herein offred, reconcile himselfe in any sort - he list of humility. To the furtherance whereof, this example following - may bee considered.</span></p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle Reconciliatorie, from an inferiour person,<br /> - to one that is his better.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">PLeaseth my honourable good L.<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> It was giuen me to vnderstand about two - daies passed by M. R. that your L. should very hardly conceiue of me, - in that vpon some vrgent occasion, I delaied to yeeld that testimonie - vnto his cause, which in equitie and reason I ought to doe:<span class="sidenote"><i>Propositiō.</i></span> and the - rather, for that by your earnest entreatie and request, I was eftsoones - thereunto required. The griefe was not small I sustained thereby, in - that hauing receiued many and sundrie benefits by your honourable - fauour, whereby diuers waies I remaine in dutie and honestie charged - during my life vnto your L. I should stand on so great a hazard, as the - aduenture or losse of your good opinion, onely for a matter sinisterly - suggested vnto you against mee, without anie maintainable reason. Your - L. dooth I hope remember, in my last speeches had with you about the - very same matter (albeit before that time, I stoode on some tearmes, - doubting the malicious dealinges of the aduerse parties agaynst mee, in - reuengment of my plaine and honest testimonie to bee there giuen) yet - at the last I concluded, to gather together all the Notes ministring - furtheraunce to the cause, and thereuppon to deliuer my true and - certaine knowledge according as had beene required. Nowe, what care - I haue sithence vsed in the matter, and vppon intelligence had with - M. R. howe vehementlie in satisfaction of what might anie wayes content - your L. and bee furthering to his right, I haue proceeded therein, I - had rather himselfe shoulde deliuer, then I to become a reporter vnto - you. Insomuch as I well knowe (howeuer any others haue misinformed your - L.) himselfe as a Gentleman, will vppon his woorde assure the truth - and certaintie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Dichologia.</i></span> I did I must confesse at the first vse some delayes - in immediate<span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">90</span> dispatch of the thing, but how and in what manner, - and to what end and purpose, let him also relate. Your L. I hope, - will therefore bee pleased to do mee that right, as not to be euill - perswaded towardes mee, in a case wherein I haue vpon your honourable - assuraunce and commaund, entred so farre foorth, as thereby I stande - assured to haue purchased vnto my selfe matter ynough of hatred, and - by those whome<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> (hauing refused to entertaine as my friendes) I haue - inabled sufficiently thereby to become my heauie and bitter enemies. - The hatred of whome cannot vnto mee anie wayes become so iniurious as - the ill conceyte of your L. should redound to bee of all others most - grieuous. For mine owne parte (so much doe I stande on the reuerent - regarde and account I beare vnto your L.) as were it not I rest - perswaded that vpon the equall deliueraunce conceiued of my willing - minde vnto your seruice, you would againe bee reconciled in fauourable - and good opinion towards me, I should so farre foorth bee discontented - in my selfe, as neuer could I bee at attonement with mine actions, - wherein by the least sparke of negligence whatsoeuer, I might thinke - to haue ouerslipped anie thing that shoulde become displeasing, or - otherwise offensiue vnto your honourable liking. Your L. woonted fauour<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> - and bountie giueth mee great expectation of the contrarie, and mine - innocencie and true report of maister R. doth also in some sort assure - me. Whereupon remaining as he that alwaies thinketh his life no better - spent, then for and in your L. vtmost seruice, I humblie surcease, this - day of, &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_15"><i>Of Epistles Petitorie. Chap. 15.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_t2.png" width="100" height="100" alt='T' /></span>He - manner of these Epistles might in another purpose then herein - expressed, bee also applyed, as being <em>Reconciliatorie</em>, in the - behalfe of some other to bee written, as occasion may bee offered, but - forasmuch as they in that sort beeing handled, doe for the most part, - fall into the <em>Swasorie</em>, <em>Disswasorie</em>, <em>Defensorie</em>, or - <em>Excusatorie</em> kinde, I deeme it besides necessitie, to write anie - further examples thereof, for that when anie such shall bee brought - in question, the substaunce and conueyance of the state - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">91</span> and cause, - may readily thereunto be drawne out of the places before sorted vnto - each of those kindes, as in the discourse formerly set forth are at - large remembred. In manifestation whereof, let it be considered, that - if by an epistle of this title I shoulde endeuour to reconcile a man - to his wife, or a woman to her husband, a seruaunt to his maister, - or a maister to his seruant: the father to the Childe, the friende - to a friende, the neighbour to neighbour, or kinsman to kindred. - Needes must I for the compassing thereof shewe some reasons howe and - which way to induce these, and therefor must I of necessitie run into - diuers perswasions, defences or excuses, in the qualities whereof (by - whatsoeuer action I goe about to transpose them) the effectes yet - must néedes be concluded. Sufficeth therefore that for these Epistles - I haue deliuered sufficiently, and herewith will wee wade vnto the - nexte, which in order hereunto are <em>Petitorie</em>. And in asmuch - as these Epistles are so named, for the earnest <em>petition</em> or - requests in euerie of them contained, and that the variety of thinges - are such to be demanded, and mens conditions so diuers, at whose - handes or from whom the same are to be receiued: It therefore falleth - out by consequence that according thereunto the maner of the Epistle - must needs also be diuers and variable. For some things ther are which - fauorably and with great indifferencie, are oftentimes to be graunted, - required or obtained, as counsell, aid, patronage, good speeches, - natural care and regard, & such other like. Some also and such - semblable persons, as for which, or to whom, to aske or sue a certain - kind of shame, is in a māer tied, <em>viz.</em> in crauing, borrowing, - importuning, charging, or to vehement troubling. The stile, order, - and deliuery therefore appertaining to either of these must needly be - different. Touching then the generality of both, to either of them - it is requisite that in the <em>Exordium</em>, an indeuour bee vsed - whereby to adhibit vnto vs the good will, fauour, or good liking of him - to whome wee write. Nexte that therein wee procéede according to our - acquaintance with the partie, his estate, credite, or supporte whereby - to pleasure vs. Thirdlie, that the cause we take vpon vs to preferre, - bee iust, lawfull, and honest. Fourthly, that it be in his ability, or - power, counsel, aid, or protection, to prefer or relieue vs. Fiftly, - the order or meanes whereby the same may be wrought and accomplished. - Sixtly, our gratitude<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">92</span> and - <em>remuneration</em>, worthily tied to - the thankefull acknowledgement or requitall of the same. In the first - sorte of these, the cause standing fauourable or indifferent, we - may the more bolder indeuour to produce or lay forth the aptnes or - beseeming therof. In the second, greater modestie, and a more shamefast - deliuerance is to be retained, the preferring whereof woulde be best - by <em>insinuation</em>, the better by couert meanes to wade into the - depth of our <em>petitiō</em>. In this place a more then ordinarie - bashfulnes would bee admitted, which giueth no small furtherance to - euerie demaund, as audacious and wainscot impudencie on the other side - returneth the greatest impediment in anie thing to be obtained. For - no man willingly would do benefit to such a one who in maner goeth - about as of duety and not of curtesie to exact the same, and rather - as a commaunder then crauer, woulde impudently thrust himselfe to the - obtaining thereof. And because the whole course hereof obserued by way - of euerie <em>Petition</em>, is by inference of many circumstances to - be altogither determined, the order as I haue related vnto you before, - must be conueyed by places <em>Swasorie</em>, resting very often in - confirmation of the honestie, goodnes, lawfulnes, and needfulnes of our - petition. And if the <em>Exordium</em> be happily framed of his person - to whom we direct our letters, it shall not be amisse that therein - briefly wee capitulate some parte of his vertues, curtesies, humanity, - bounty, readines to comfort, pleasure, or doe reliefe vnto any, whereby - we may priuately draw his fauour and good acceptance vnto vs: besides, - if he haue made vs before time beholding vnto him, we shall gladly - acknowledge the same, and declare that being already indebted, we study - more thereby to yoke our selues vnto him. If of our owne persons, then - shall we lay open, with what great expectation and regard we do in - our conceits entertaine the desertes and worthinesse of such a one, - modestly preferring what in fauor of him, and common and equall loue or - regard hath passed between vs. If of the interchangeable loue, liking - and curtesie, whilome resting between our predecessors or auncistors, - then the weight and force thereof we shall put forwards accordingly. If - of the person of our aduersarie against whom we demaund any assistance, - fauor, protection, or remedy, we may infer (if any such be) the common - mislike of both of vs towardes him, and how ill he hath deserued at - eithers handes<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">93</span> and thereupon - require aid against him. If of the thing - or matter it selfe, the same be to be caried, we shall shew the value, - godlines, goodnes, or common benefit of the same, that the matter is - vnto him easie, to vs of great importance, and if without arrogancie - it may be done, we may inforce some occasions of benefit or other - contentment thenceforth to happen vnto him. And if any discommoditie do - happily séem to appeare in laying open the same (the liklihood whereof - may either alienate his minde, or withdraw his assistance or other - liking from vs) that shall we either study to extinguish or otherwise, - as much as we may, to qualifie or auoide; By such kind of meanes, - behooueth we prepare our selues to the deliuery of our petition, which - being in as apt and plaine tearms as may be laid open, we shal by - such inforcements (as in moouing affections hereunto, may be deemed - pertinent) with greater facilitie procure the same to be effected.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an epistle Petitorie written on the<br /> - behalfe of another.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe studie and great desire wherewith (sir) I see you bent continually - to the vniuersall aid and benefit of al men,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> and for which to your - great praise you haue generally well deserued, and deseruedly are - euerie where reputed, hath mooued me in the behalfe of this poore man - to become a petitioner vnto you. About two moneths since,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> hee had - dealings with a neighbour of yours, touching a farme which he was for - tearme of yeares to take at his hands, and notwithstanding a promise - and graunt thereof to this bearer made (in consideration whereof - he paide him then in hand a good parte of his money) the iniurious<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> - cormorant glutting him selfe with extorting from the pouertie of this - and manie others, hath sithence that, not onelie passed a demise - thereof in writing to another, but goeth about to defraud the poore - man of his money, the sum whereof is the whole patrimonie, riches, and - stocke of himselfe, his poore wife and familie. And for so much as - without the countenance of some one fauouring the poore mans right, - hee is like to bee ouerborne with the weight of the other, and so - consequently to bee vndone: I haue thought good to make thus bolde to - pray your lawful fauour in his furtherance, that by your authoritie and - meanes, some honest satisfaction or ende may<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">94</span> - be therein to his behoofe - had. You shall doe an act verie charitable, in dealing for such a one, - for the procuring of whose right, his heartie praiers for your safety - shall witnes wel the comfort you shall do him therein.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> I am perswaded - your speach and aid may herein preuaile verie much, as a thing which - with great facilitie you may cause to bee dispatched. And for my self, - as I shal at no time rest vnmindful of my request tendred vnto you - herein, so shall I not faile in what I may to the vttermost of my power - to satisfie you, by whatsoeuer possible requitall. And euen so with my - heartie commendations, I doe bid you farewel. R. this twelfth of Aprill.</p> - - <h4><i>An example petitorie in the nature<br /> - of Reconciliatorie, from a sonne<br /> - to his displeased<br /> - father.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">IF floods of teares sealed with harde and bitter sighes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> if continuall - sorrow and neuer ceasing care,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> if consuming griefes not of a diseased - bodie, but of a pestred mind, might haue rendred sufficient and - assured testimonie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> whereby to perswade your laden eares surcharged by - this time with the weight of my incessaunt and continuall cries: the - intollerable woes wherein I liued, secluded from the right and name - of a sonne, and barred quite from the sweete and gentle tearme of a - louing and kinde father, hadde ere this time giuen meane of recouerie, - to my daunted and dismayed spirites, and kindled in mee some wan hope, - one day to haue founde an houre so happie, wherein by a right conceite - conceiued of my vnkindlie pleasures, or conuinced by the importunity - of those who haue pittied my euils, your naturall care might in some - sorte or other haue bin renued, to the redresse of all my fore wearied - and heauie groning mischiefs.<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> But infortunate as I am, that for all the - humble suit so manie times presented in these and such like blubbered - lines, so hardened is the mind of him I write vnto, that whilome hauing - bin a deare and louing parent, I may not heerein dare to tender, or so - much as once put forwarde vnto him, the appellation of a gratious and - pittifull father. If it haue so pleased vnto your grauitie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Periphrasis.</i></span> in such - seuere manner still to deale with me, and that the hatefull shewe of my - ill desertes, is yet become of so loathed and detestable recordation, - in this verie season vnto you: then<span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">95</span> as (before time) eftsoones doe - confesse my letters vntimelie to haue approched vnto you: but if the - long detained grace, by whose heauie want (your sonne might I say?)<span class="sidenote"><i>Metanoia.</i></span> - nay, the forlorne and despised issue of your aged yeares (for so I am - now forced to say) is perforce driuen almost into a desperate conceite - and mislike of his liuing, may by the least sparke of expectation, - be annexed to the most vehement effects of his prostrate and meekest - submission, then groueling vppon the lowest ground,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> and humbling my - highest imaginations to the deepest bottome, wherein your implacable - displeasures haue hitherto beene coueted, as meekely and with as - penitent speeches, as anie grieued and passionate minde can vtter: I - do beseech you sir, that at the last you will receyue (not into your - accustomed fauour) but to your common and ordinarie lyking, the most - disgraced of all your children, and pardoning the disobedience wherein - hee dared once so far foorth to prouoke agaynst him, the weight of your - knowne anger, vouchsafe hee may nowe againe bee of your familie, though - not partaking with your children.</p> - - <p>This sole benefite and last request if my burthened soule may obtaine - at your handes, happilie I may then liue as comforted by the hope of - that whereunto a buzie and carefull endeuour may once peraduenture - enable me, otherwise dying in the ouerflowing of my desperate and - continued griefes, I pray at Gods handes I may obtaine that by mercie, - which cruell destinie in my life time could neuer win vnto me, by all - possible intreatie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> My submissiue dutie answerable to the regarded - place of your fatherlie authoritie compelleth mee to attend with all - humblenesse the resolution of your clemencie. In the hope whereof, - resting my decayed and ouerwearied imagination, I liue till the receyt - of your knowne lyking do ascertaine, in what sort may please you to - repute me.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">THe stile of this Epistle is vehement, because the passions of him - from whence it came were vehement, and is deduced as you see from the - nature of <em>Reconciliatorie</em>, which aswell for the submissiue - & lowest tearmes it beareth, as also for the vrgent petition therin - contained, I haue rather chosen to place among yᵉ <em>Petitorie</em>. - The part of <em>honest</em> herein deliuered, is passed in wordes - méekest & of great obedience, wherein he studieth by all possibilitie - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">96</span> - to mittigate towards himselfe, the too much seueritie of his father. - The <em>Exordium</em> is carried by <em>Insinuation</em>, expressing - the vehement affects and surcharged conceits of a mind more then - ordinarilie grieued. The <em>Possibilitie</em> resteth in the father, - which commonlie by nature is with some more facilitie then estranged - diffcultie, entreated towards his sonne. The meane to compasse it, is - the mitigation or satisfaction of the iust mislike of a father, whose - charged authoritie affecteth nothing so much as obedience in children. - Thus are the places required herein, in sort as you see performed. And - for because within any one title, there is no one thing affoording - matter more plentifull, or with vse more commonlie frequented, then is - this <em>petitorie</em> kinde, (insomuch as whatsoeuer containeth any - speciall request, is hereunder included) I will sort you downe so many - examples of all sorts, as that there shall not faile herein wherewith - sufficientlie to instruct whatsoeuer in the like occasion is or ought - to be required.</p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle Petitorie, wherein is craued trauell and counsell<br /> - to be assistant vpon vrgent occasion.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">AS one greatlie emboldned by the forwardnesse<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> of your woonted courtesie - and liking euer bent towards me, I haue dared (Sir) once again vpon - presumption of the like, hereby to intreate you, wherein you may see in - what degree of affection I do intertaine you, in that not contented, - I haue alreadie so manie and so often times vsed you, I doe by such - meanes endeuour solie to make my selfe wholy and to none other so - much as beholding vnto you.<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> My man hath returned me from London, how - by more then common celeritie I haue in my suite beene preuented by - my aduersarie, whereby it is like, my cause standing vpon so great a - hazard, it will goe verie hard with mee. Nowe if your woonted counsell, - and friendly assistance bee not speedilie ayding, both the hope of - benefit, charge and expense thereof will be lost vtterly? In regard - whereof, these may bee in as earnest maner as is possible to intreate - you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Petitiō.</i></span> that vpon the attendance of my man, I may - (as woontedlie) vse you.<span class="sidenote">Possibilitie.</span> - Your counsell ioyned with a little trauell may greatlie profite me, and - now more then at any time else, exceedinglie pleasure mee. Wherein if - it may please you to yoke mee<span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">97</span> - further vnto you by the waight of your - courtesie: I shall not onelie endeuour by all possibilitie to requite - it, but also your selfe shall not faile at anie time to finde such a - one of mee, as of whose trauaile, industrie, or what other abilitie to - pleasure you, you may account of assuredlie. I haue by certaine other - Letters mooued my L. to haue fauourable consideration touching mee, - which as I am informed, his L. hath receyued. What els to bee performed - heerein, my man shall make knowne vnto you. And thus doubting as little - of your friendship herein, as of mine owne thankfull disposition, - prest alwayes to the vttermost to requite you, I doe heartilie bid you - farewell, D. of this, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An other of the same.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIR, I am so bolde in my great necessitie, vnder assurance of your - forwardnes to do me good, to entreate your especiall ayde and - furtherance in two things, the one whereof this bearer shall instruct - you in, the other your selfe can best tell, for that I made you at my - last speech acquainted with the same. Both of which consisting in your - labour and deuice, I am of opinion that none then your selfe can fitte - the occasion better. And trulie such is the force of imprisonment, as - contrarie to that you haue woontedly knowne in me, mine vnderstanding - is quite decaied, and forworne with my libertie, and where the spirits - are so distuned, it must needes follow, the memorie can sounde nothing - but discord.</p> - - <p>In fine, sir it is in you to doe me good, and to make me by this onlie - action for euer beholding vnto you, wherein if I may so farre foorth - presume of your fidelitie, assure your selfe, that if euer God giue mee - libertie, A. C. to none so much as to you shall be yoked in courtesie. - Good M. D. the matter hereof requireth some haste, wherunto I most - heartilie entreate you. Fare ye well, this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter responsorie to the same.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod M. C. needelesse were it you should entreate mee in that, wherein - you haue founde mee alwayes most willing, and such whome with small - perswasions you may induce to a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">98</span> farre greater purpose then what in - your last letter is required. The Messenger I haue appointed to morrow - morning to returne againe to my lodging, at which time I will not - faile to finish, what in the best sort I can conceiue to bee vnto your - occasions furthering. Hard will it bee for mee to accomplish that, - wherein your selfe seeme so vnperfect, for that the dullest conceyte - forged from the most distempered of your imaginations, cannot but - sounde farre better tunes then the ripest of my inuention is anie - wayes able to deliuer. Neuerthelesse, such as it is, or so much as (by - dislike of your owne) you haue will to account of, that will I prepare - to your view, and put forward to your good speed, thinking it better by - deliuerie of a grosse deuise to satisfie the demaunde of a friend, then - by concealing the simplicitie therof to bee censured as vncourteous. In - conclusion, it is (sir) lawfull for you to vse mee to the vttermost, - and fittest to our confirmed league of amitie, that (in whatsoeuer) you - should imploy mee, wherein I desire you conceiue no more, then such as - I intend to become, and you shall assuredly find me, viz. yours, &c.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">HEre must I note vnto you the last of these Epistles - <em>Petitorie</em>, in which is neither <em>Exordium</em> nor - <em>Narration</em>, but formost of all the petition, and afterwards the - parts folowing, the like whereof you may perchance finde hereafter. - For that where practise and skill hath enabled a man to doe well, - there is no necessitie that such should bee tied to rule, who being - of sufficient knowledge and capacitie are able to discerne what is - méetest, and accordinglie to direct the square of their owne doings, - sometimes one way, sometimes another, as in the intendment thereof, - may to the present occasion séeme most conuenient and readie. And as - in this one Letter, so may the learner light vpon many others being - different also from the obseruation herein deliuered, & somtimes - abruptly entring into the matter without any limitation at all, one - other example whereof shall bee next hereunto deliuered, the first - beginning of which, declareth the meane of accomplishment of the - request, before the petition declared, whereunto by imitation the - vnskilfull may not rashlie enter, without good aduisement of what in - the performance is meete to be considered; The method of which is in - this sort pursued.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">99</span></p> - - <h4><i>An example Petitorie, concluding a briefe request and curteous<br /> - remembrance of a thing before time promised.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">NOwe is the time (wherein if your pleasure bee) you may perfourme what - erst you haue promised. I therefore desire you as heartilie as I may, - that your intent, being to doe me good, you will nowe execute the same. - And albeit I doubte not of your willingnesse herein, whose curtesie - hath not beene straunge towardes mee: yet rather enforced by mine owne - necessitie and continuall remembraunce of my vnprouided estate then - by anie other misgeuing, I prepare these lines, sollicitours of your - expected promise, which bearing in their fronte a token of oportunitie, - woulde praie you not to let slippe occasion, but with as much speede - as willingnesse to accomplish the same. Remembring howe manie waies I - am beholding vnto you, I remaine in accompt of your curtesies, rather - studious to thinke on them, then anie waies able to requite them, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>Another example of the like effect.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">EVen as a bold begger,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium</i>, by comparison.</span> the more he is relieued, the more he still - presseth forward vpon the bounty of those, whom he supposeth to fauor - him: so fareth it with mee, who hauing eftsoons enioied your trauel to - my no small benefit, am neuertheles so shameles as stil to importune - you in the same.<span class="sidenote"><i>Insinuatiō.</i></span> I haue, sir, I cōfesse, by your good means recieued - sundrie fauors at the hands of my Lord, which I cannot, nor euer shall - be able to requite vnto you, the matter of my suite notwithstanding - hetherto depending before his honour, I neither can nor may so farre - foorth withdrawe my selfe, but I must needes nowe and then solicite - you, as the Gentleman by whose onelie curtesie and perseuerance in - woonted care and good affection towardes mee I do liue, and so liuing, - continue my daies and yeares with such assured respecte, as hee that - hath sworne and vowed in himselfe neuer to forget you. It doeth sir, - so much stande mee vpon the procuring of his L. letter in my behalfe, - for the indifferente triall and hearing of my cause, as without (in - speciall and earnest speeches the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">100</span> same be directed for mee to the - Iustices and Commissioners) I am in greate despaire howe the case will - goe with mee. It is you therefore that must helpe mee herein, and by - your onelie meanes I must bee warranted in this action, the intendment - whereof furthering so much vnto right and cause of equitie as it doeth, - I hope his L. vpon your motion will the easilier condiscende vnto.<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> This - is that I require at your handes, and to the speedie dispatch whereof I - may not cease to importune you. Whereon concluding for the present, I - doe heartilie bid you farewel, &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_16"><i>Of Epistles Commendatorie.<br /> - Chap. 16.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_m1.png" width="120" height="120" alt='M' /></span>Uch - more might bee handled in this kinde, the method whereof is - one of the most ordinarie of any sortes of Letters that are indited, - for that the greatest number of directions are commonlie concluded - in this matter, the requests wherof doe either especially concerne - the writer, or are otherwise to be respected in the behalfe of some - other. The occasion of which hath caried herein the plentie of so many - examples, that by manifesting the diuersities of their orders and vses, - the learner might not wante wherein to bee directed, and choice of - varietie wherewith to be delighted. Now, besides these hereby alreadie - deliuered, there are letters also yᵗ might be suted vnder this forme, - which from Noble men or others, are many times written in fauor of - sundrie persons, containing requests in their behalfs to be performed, - which not withstanding the difference of estates in that the same - doe for the most part passe vnto their inferiours, yet séemeth the - nature thereof to be <em>petitorie</em>, but in a different order of - these to be altogether pursued. Insomuch as neither agree-eth it, to - vse like circumstances of humilitie and entreatie, nor of pleasures - or curtesie, as in the other are required: but rather a necessarie - supposall and assurance of their demandes to be hearkened vnto, in - respect that of their honours, reputations, or credites, it is intended - they will require nothing, but that with reasonable toleration may be - liked of. But the vse of such kinde of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">101</span> - directions in choise of both, - I rather hold pertinent to the title <em>Cōmendatorie</em>, for that - whatsoeuer is therein written, in fauour eyther of the person or of the - cause, may in respect of the honour or reputation of those from whome - they come, bee better déemed in sorte of a curteous recommendation, - then otherwise by or vnder anie title of humilitie or submission: for - these causes I haue thought meete to adioine immediatelie hereunto, - the same Epistles <em>Commendatorie</em>, beeing so nearelie combined - with those of <em>Petitorie</em> as they are. The vse whereof are not - neuerthelesse so farre forth caried, but that from an inferiour to his - superiour, in some causes and vpon sundrie accidentes, the same are - deriued. The places appertaining vnto these kindes of Epistles be as in - the <em>Petitorie</em> are alreadie declared, chiefely when the same, - intendeth to a cause or person preferred to be fauoured. In which, - when it concerneth the person, we must beware that in the credible - deliuerie of whatsoeuer tending to his praise or preferment, we doe it - either by warrant of our owne knowledge, or by such certaine report - of others, whose opinion we deeme will not bee misled. And if neither - of these doe fall out to be knowne or beleeued, then shal we shew - what information wee haue besides our owne opinion, or peraduenture - no other assurance at all but our owne simple liking. Petitions also - are frequented in requiring fauour to these causes, wherein standeth - in highest regarde the state, countenance or authoritie of him, from - whome the letter is framed, who accordingly thereunto may desire - that the rather at his request, or vpon his sute, or for his sake, - or in regarde of his liking, the person may bee accompted of, or the - action furthered. Besides, it may bee added to the increase of a more - speedie performance, the loue, (if anie be, or the occasion thereunto - sorting) we owe to him we commende, or in whose fauour we write, either - solie for himselfe, or conueyed from his friendes, his parentes, - the consideration of his charge of wife, children or seruantes, the - wrong offered, benefite to be attained, or whatsoeuer other matter to - bee deemed requisite or conuenient. Nowe from whence or out of what - instigations, the matter of such commendation is to bee drawne, you - haue in the generall chapters of this booke alreadie at large. The - circumstances of which, and whatsoeuer else<span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">102</span> - hereby forewarned, shall - in the ensuing examples bee more at large deliuered.</p> - - <h4><span class="large">An example commendatorie, wherein</span><br /> - <i>is recommended to a noble man from his in-<br /> - feriour, the conditions and behauiours<br /> - of a person.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">IT may please your Lordship, This Gentleman the bearer hereof, with - whome a long time I haue beene acquainted,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> and of his qualities and - good behauiour haue had sounde and large experiment, hauing beene a - good time a sutor vnto mee, to mooue his preferment vnto your Lordships - seruice: I haue nowe at the last condiscended vnto, aswell for that I - know your Lordship to be now presentlie disfurnished of such a one, as - also that there shall hardlie be preferred vpon a sudden any one so - meete as himselfe to supplie that place. And thus much by your pardō - and allowance dare I assure vnto you, yᵗ if it may please you in credit - of my simple knowledge and opiniō<span class="sidenote">Cōmendation of the party.</span> to imploy him, you shal find that - besides he is by parētage discended from such, as of whome I knowe your - Lordship will verie well accompt of, hee is also learned, discreete, - sober, wise, and moderate in all his actions, of great secrecie and - most assured trust, gouerned in all companies accordinglie: finallie, - a man so meete, and to this present turne so apt and necessarie, as I - cannot easilie imagine howe you may be serued better.<span class="sidenote"><i>Petition.</i></span> Pleaseth your L. - the rather for the great good will I beare him, and humble duetie I owe - vnto you, to accept, imploie, and accompt of him. I nothing doubt but - your L. hauing by such means giuen credit to my choice,<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> shall finde him - such, as for whose good seruice, you shall haue further occasion to - thinke well of mee for him. Whereof nothing doubting, I doe refer both - him and my selfe in all humblenesse to your best and most fauorable - opinion, from my house in B. this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter responsorie to the same.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">After my verie heartie commendations vnto you. Sithence the receipt - of your last letters and recommendations of P. B. - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">103</span> into my seruice, - I haue had small occasion either to write or send vnto you till this - present. And for so much as vpon your certaine notice deliuered vnto - mee in fauour of his preferment, I helde my selfe so well assured in - all thinges of his behauiour, as I doubted not thereupon to receiue - him in place of greatest fidelitie, I haue thought good heereby to - let you vnderstand, what great pleasure I haue taken in his diligent - attendance, assuring you that for manie vnexpected qualities, which I - haue prooued to be in him, I doe woonderfullie well like of him, and - that with so good affection, as I intend not to omit anie thing that - may tend to his aduauncement. In beholding him oftentimes mee thinkes - hee manie wayes dooth resemble his father, who in sounde troth, I - doe suppose, might haue beene intertained with the best for his well - deseruing. This bearer shall enforme you of some especiall causes, - concerning my affayres in the Countrey, whom I doe pray you to conferre - with, and to affoord your trauell for his present dispatch, which I - will not faile heartily to requite vnto you. For your care had of my - wants, and diligent supply of such a one I do many times thanke you, - and haue promised in my selfe for the same to become a debter vnto you. - And euen so I do bid you hartilie fare wel. From the Court this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An other Epistle Commendatorie of the sort<br /> - before deliuered.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY verie good L. I am enformed by this Gentl. the bearer hereof, - that by meanes of one of your Chapleins, a motion hath beene made - of his preferment vnto your L. seruice: and forsomuch as those his - good friendes are not nowe in towne, who in respect of their account - with your L. might stande him in verie good steade: vnderstanding his - well-willing minde, and greate desire thereunto (for that I wish verie - well vnto his aduauncement) I haue taken vpon me heereby to entreate - (albeit I may not presume so farre, as to preferre a man vnto your L.) - that it may yet please you vpon my speeches to haue the better liking - of him. Assuring you that both by the credite of my La. F. who vppon - verye good conceyte towardes him, wished his preferment, with her late - deceased brother and last L. C. and also by the knowledge my<span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">104</span> selfe - haue had of him, and others besides, whome your L. hath in speciall - and chose regarde, he is one so sufficient, and euerie way so well - furnished to doe seruice to anie honourable personage, as by tryall and - proofe made of whose good parts and behauiour, your L. shall not reape - occasion of ill conceit, to whome soeuer haue vndertaken to preferre - him vnto you. And if it shall notwithstanding seeme farther conuenient - vnto your L. to make stay of his acceptaunce, for some priuate causes - hitherto vnsatisfied, I shall yet in his behalfe neuerthelesse become - thus farre a suter vnto you, that this my recommendation may with - your L. good fauour become a speedier meane the better (when it shall - happen) to mooue your L. good lyking towardes him. For which I shall - thinke my selfe, as in manie other occasions besides, vnto your - honourable opinion most deepely beholden. In acknowledgement of which, - and respect of my humble and dutifull regarde to the same, I doe nowe - and euermore remaine your L. &c.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">THese two examples <em>Commendatorie</em>, are concluded to - one effect, the formost whereof with little alteration, may become - a president for anie recommendation, whether it bee to fauour, - friendship, choyce, or account, and not vnto seruice at all, for - that herein is shewed, in what sort men for their vertues may be - recommended. Now if there be anie other particular occasion in the - person, besides these, inducing matter of good liking the same in place - and stead of other, or togither with the other may be then alledged, - and the course herein deliuered at all times indifferently to be - obserued. And as these are from inferiour persons directed vnto their - superiours: so will we sort out some others, that from Noblemen in like - sort haue béene passed to their inferiours, examples whereof are in - like maner hereunto annexed.</p> - - <h4><i>An Example Commendatorie, from a Noble man to his inferiour,<br /> - wherein one is recommended to an office.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">AFter my verie heartie Commendations vnto you, where I am giuen to - vnderstande, that you are in election, and it is also verie likelie - you shall bee pricked by her Maiestie, high Sheriffe - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">105</span> for this yeare, - of the Countyes of Sussex and Surrey. This Gent. the bearer hereof, - beeing one whom for manie respectes, I doe greatly fauour, and for his - learning, skill, and honest vsage, haue long time vsed and reputed of, - I haue thought good by these (if it so happen you shall this yeare bee - named thereunto) to recommend to your good allowance to bee receyued - as your vnder-sheriffe for that time, putting vnto you such good and - reasonable securitie as appertaineth, for discharge of the sayde - office. And hereby also to pray you, that the rather for my sake, and - for the especiall choice and reckoning I haue made of him, you will - nowe before hand make certaine acceptance of his skill, by refusall of - whatsoeuer other that may bee recommended vnto you for the exercise of - the same office, assuring you, for that I haue well knowne and prooued - to be in him, you shall be so well furnished, as you would wish. And - besides, in that you shall gratifie me herein, I will not faile in anie - sort I may to requite you. And euen so I bid you heartily farewell.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">HEerein is the honour and nobilitie of the personage greatlie to - bee respected who by so much the more his estate, countenance, or - authoritie requireth it, by so much the lesse may it be considered, - that in the inditing of these letters hee should with ouer large - entreatie bee charged, but rather with fewer spéeches, and lesse - circumstances to demaunde what hee purposeth. The conformitie whereof - may bee gathered out of the examples ensuing, according whereunto, hee - in whose fauour such kinde of Letters are to bee directed, (especiallie - if the inuention beeing of his owne procurement bee brought to bee - signed) ought to take heede that the regard of his honour and calling, - in whose name the Letter passeth bee not by too great humilitie of - tearmes in any sort misprised.</p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle commendatorie, from a noble man, in prefer-<br /> - ment of his seruant.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">AFter my verie heartie commendations vnto you. This bearer hauing - of long time serued mee faithfullie, and beeing nowe<span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">106</span> desirous to - trauaile. I haue thought good heartilie to recommend vnto you. And - forasmuch as by reason of your office of Lord Gouernour of V. it is - likelie there are manie places of good preferment remayning in your - gift, vppon your followers to bee bestowed, I doe most heartilie pray - you, that you will not onelie for my sake bee contented to receyue him - into your seruice, but that also in fauour thereof, you will in anie - place of preferment about you, doe him that benefite and furtherance, - as to one whom you wish throughlie well vnto, you woulde performe. - Herein if my request may preuaile with you, I shall not onelie bee - readie to thanke you, but in whatsoeuer cause you haue to vse mee, bee - as willing to requite you. And so I doe bid you right heartily fare - well. At the Court this day, &c.</p> - - <h4><span class="large">An other example, wherein is recom-</span><br /> - <i>mended the cause and speedie<br /> - furtherance of Iustice.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-img"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_a3.png" width="120" height="120" alt='A' /></span>Fter - my heartie Commendations vnto your Lordship: where I haue beene - informed by this bearer, beeing a poore Tenaunt of mine, of a certaine - cause of his depending before you in her Maiesties Bench, and that - after manie thwartings and euill practises of his aduersarie, the - matter is nowe driuen to an issue, and tryall, from the benefite - whereof by corruption of some kinde of persons, hee hath these three - tearmes passed beene alreadie detayned, to his great hinderance, and - almost vtter vndooing. I haue thought good vppon his humble suite to - mooue your L. in his behalfe, and to pray you that at my instaunce you - will at some conuenient leysure examine the state of his matter, and - being informed thereof at large, doe him that speedie fauour in iustice - and right, as hee may not anie longer time therein bee deferred, but - that notwithstanding anie cauill or obiection thereunto hindering, - hee may before this tearme passed in anie wise haue a tryall. In - accomplishment whereof, besides that you shall greatlie satisfie mee in - respect of the poore<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">107</span> - mans right, whereunto I wish great regard to - be giuen, you shal also performe a deed so charitable, as whereby you shal - perpetually bind him, his poore wife, and children continually to pray - for you. And albeit I nothing doubt herein your great willingnes and - voluntarie disposition to Iustice, yet that by reason of my request, - the matter wich more diligence may be harkened vnto, I eftsoones pray, - and therwithall hartilie doe bid your L. farewel, this of, &c.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">TO all these examples <em>Commendatorie</em>, belongeth thrée - especiall sortes of Letters <em>Responsorie</em>, in which is either - flatly denied, absolutely allowed, or doubtfully accepted of, what by - force of those <em>Epistles</em> are seuerally commended. Of either - of these sutes I haue thought good to set downe some directions, the - diuersitie whereof, at the choice of him that searcheth the same, may - according to his present humor be either reiected or followed.</p> - - <h4><i>An example responsorie, wherein is denied<br /> - what in the foremost directions may<br /> - be recommended.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">PLeaseth your good L. I receiued your fauorable Letters, and - cōmendation giuen in the behalfe of M. L. with whom hauing had - conference at large, I doe finde nothing lesse, then what by your L. - was of him deliuered, and in truth it doth not a little discontent - me, that as well in regard of your honourable and earnest demand made - in his fauor, as also that many great and vrgent respects, I stand - deeplie charged vnto you Lord. I cannot neuerthelesse herein perfourme - what I woulde: For that (besides it is yet doubtfull whether I shall - bee to the same place appointed by her Maiestie or no) if I bee chosen - Sheriffe, I haue two yeares since giuen my worde and assured promise to - my Lord of L. that I shall then accept of such a one to the exercise of - the vnder Sherifwick as shall by him to mee bee preferred. According - vnto which, standing nowe in election for this yeare as I doe, I am and - euer sithence haue beene yearelie sollicited to the selfe same purpose. - Whereof I thought it my duetie to aduertise your L. by these, most - humblie crauing pardon of the same, in that I may - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">108</span> not as I woulde, - herein satisfie your vrgente and vehemente request. And so with my - right humble duetie vnto your Lordshippe doe take leaue. This x. of - Nouember.</p> - - <h4><span class="large">Another Letter responsorie, where-</span><br /> - <i>in consent and allowance is<br /> - giuen to the matter re-<br /> - quired</i>.</h4> - - <p class="drop-img"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_m2.png" width="120" height="120" alt='M' /></span>Y - humble duetie remembred vnto your good Lord shippe. The Letters - directed vnto mee from the same, together with the Gentleman in whose - fauor they were assigned, I haue entertained. And so much the more - welcome were they vnto mee, by howe much the more I repute my selfe - honoured, in that it hath pleased your Lordshippe anie waies to require - mee. Touching the partie recommended, your Lordshippe doubteth not I - hope, but that of the least of yours, I woulde make especiall accounte, - the effectes whereof you shall in this perceiue, in that for the - regarde I beare vnto your Lordshippe I will both repute of, and fauour - him. Besides what other aduauncement or prefermente his owne desertes, - or my aide may anie waies bring vnto him, hee shall bee sure at all - times to enioy it. Praying your Lordship in all other thinges as farre - foorth to stande my gratious and fauourable good L. as herein I shall - not faile to accomplish what to the vttermost may bee helde meete and - conueniente. And thus beseeching the Almightie to haue your Lordshippe - in his eternall protection, I doe in all humblenesse take my leaue, - from R. this seuenth of August, &c.</p> - - <h4><span class="large">The third Epistle responsorie, where-</span><br /> - <i>in is doubtfullie allowed or accep-<br /> - ted of, what to the same was<br /> - recommended</i>.</h4> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">109</span></p> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY singular and especiall good L. I haue vnderstoode by your last - Letters, of a certaine fained and vntrue suggestion, deliuered by one - of your L. tenantes, against the proceedinges to him supposed to bee - tendred out of this Courte, according whereunto (albeit I was before - time, not altogether vnacquainted with the clamourous condition of the - partie) yet did I neuerthelesse, as by your Lordship was enioined, - examine at large the circumstances of the cause, and for the better - satisfaction of your Lordship, haue determined to set down vnto you - the trueth of the same. This R. L. whom your Lordship tearmeth to bee - a verie poore man, is not (as in simple shewe hee maketh himselfe - apparantlie to bee) but is rather such a one as from whome (beeing - narrowlie sifted) your Lordship might sooner drawe a hundred poundes - of his money, then halfe an inch breadth of his honestie. The argument - whereof in nothing so much appeareth as in this one action, wherin - against a poore man indeede, hee hath verie iniuriously behaued him - selfe, and hauing extorted from him this bonde nowe in suite (vppon - some conclusion, though no good consideration at all) of the summe of - one hundred pounde, goeth about vpon a nice quillet in the condition - to prosecute the forfeiture of the same, which indeed by the direct - wordes of the writing, is in lawe forfeited. For reliefe whereof his - aduersarie complained in the Chauncerie, by reason of the prosecution - of which bill, and notice particularlie thereof giuen to my Lorde - Chancellor, the saide R. L. hauing diuers time agreede to comprimit - the matter, and yet greedie as it seemeth to obtaine the forfeiture, - stil crieth on for triall, whilest the matter is still in debating, - for which cause the same hitherto hath onelie, and not otherwise been - delaied. And for as much assithence your Lordshippes letters receiued, - my selfe verie earnestlie haue trauelled to make some conscionable and - quiet ende betweene them, yet wil the same in no wise on his parte bee - assented vnto, by occasion whereof the extremitie of the lawe beeing - verie like to proceed, hee is the nexte tearme without further delaie - to obtaine a iudgemente, and so the poore man on the other side, to bee - vtterlie vndone: I thought it not amisse in aduertising the substance - hereof vnto your good Lordshippe to praie that in credite of what here - deliuered, your Lordship woulde bee pleased to procure the saide R. L. - to assent to some reasonable order. So doing, what in - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">110</span> conscience the - poore man is then able to pay, in respect of the other charges, and - purchase of his owne negligences: I holde not too extreame to be out - of the saide bond deducted, because in lawe hee was something charged, - though in equitie otherwise hee ought to haue been clearelie acquited. - Thus in discharge of my conscience herein, hauing so much deliuered - vnto your good Lordship, I doe recommend you to the protection of the - Almightie. London this thirteenth of Maie.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">NOwe after these Epistles, let vs enter into one strange - <em>commendatorie</em> kinde, somewhat different from the order of the rest, - béeing such as wherein the partie directing the same, beeing somewhat - scant in deliuerie of ouer large & too credible spéeches, thought good - to mittigate the force of the same by the verie partes of extremitie - it self, wherein of a merry conceit, or some other pleasant humor, he - appeareth verie vnwilling to flatter, in reciting the example whereof, - because with many tedious precepts I haue now a good while wearied the - reader, I may peraduenture occasion some matter of recreation, which by - the single shewe therein gathered, appeareth in sort following to haue - bene performed.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter commendatorie pleasantly con-<br /> - ceited in preferring an vnprofi-<br /> - table seruant.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIr, I do send vnto your view the bearer hereof (a man shaped as you - see, & as bold in condition as he appeareth in shew)<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> whome by all the - superfluities of summer ale, that hath wrought in his giddie brain, I - haue bin requested to cōmend vnto you. And in as much as in putting - so vnworthie a worthie in substance of so incredible allowance, it - somthing behooueth I hide not the giftes which by great search in - many a good hosterie, tauern, & alehouse, he hath by long trauell and - drowsie experiēce<span class="sidenote"><i>Hirmos.</i></span> ere this time gained, to his insupportable credēce. - I shall not spare in some sort to signifie vnto you, what in regard - of al these I am led to coniecture. Trueth is Sir, that hee is verie - well studied in the mysterie of Malt-wormes, and for his peculiar skill - in decerning the nappie taste by the nut-browne colour of Seller-ale - in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">111</span> - a frostie morning, hee is become a sworne brother of the rag-mans - number, and thereby standeth enioyned neuer to weare furres or other - lyning in the coldest winter, but onely the warmth of the good Ale, - which inwardlie must hearten him: Besides Sir, if you haue occasion to - credite him with a small parcell of money in dispatch of a iourney, - do but say the worde that it shall once lie in his charge, and you - may stand assured, that it shall be laide vp so safe, as any liquour - in the worlde can safe conduct it from his bellie. Take no care for - your kitchin, butterie or larder, for once a day hee loues to see all - cleane before him. Little apparell wil serue him, for his leueries - ensue weekly, out of the Bruers mesh-fat. His lodging hee reckes not, - the Chimney floore, and Billets endes serue for a Featherbed and - Coueringes. When you haue most neede of him, you shall alwayes bee sure - to go without him: if you delight in a Pigs-nie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ironia.</i></span> you maie by receyuing - of him, be sure of a Hogshead. Great store of small lyking you happily - may haue to him, wee knowe not what woonders the worlde may rende out, - for nothing is impossible where all thinges may bee compassed. It may - please you for recreations sake to looke vppon him, so you be not in - case to surfeit, looke what ill lyking you conceiue, report backe - againe I pray you in the inner facing of his chimney Casket, <i lang="la">Omnia - sua secum portat</i>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> hee is somewhat a foolosopher, for hee carries - all his possessions about him, for <i lang="la">terram dedit filiis hominum</i> - he must needes then haue a large dwelling, I pray sir, giue him good - wordes how ill-fauouredlie soeuer you fauour his acquaintance, for - my part I request no remuneration for the preferment I haue tendred - towards him.</p> - - <p>Thus much, would I haue done, and more, long since to bee rid of him. - His old maister beeing dead, it is necessarie some place to be pestred - with him, hee makes great choyse of your housekeeping, if you can like - to frame with him. Much more might bee deliuered in the condemnation - of his woorthinesse, but that I leaue to rehearse it, and nowe sir for - your owne appetite, I leaue to your contentment: Blame not me, but him - that lead mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> and so foorth to an ende. Commend me, but not condemne - me, for I shall once doe you a better turne, this is but the first, the - next may be woorse (better)<span class="sidenote"><i>Metanoia.</i></span> I woulde say. And so fare ye well, &c.</p> - <hr class="chap" /> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">112</span></p> - - <h3 id="Chap_17"><i>Of Epistles Consolatorie. Chap. 17.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_t2.png" width="100" height="100" alt='T' /></span>Ime - is it now, I should leaue this last title of epistles, as - hauing thereof spoken alreadie sufficiently, & giue my selfe to the - deliuery of the next, which are <em>Consolatorie</em>, the effects - whereof are to bee bestowed on such as are grieued, according to the - weight or qualitie of the matter wherewith they are perplexed. And for - that the life of man is circumuented with so manie, and so vnlooked - causes of sorrowe and griefe, as it many waies néedeth to haue the - remedy of comforts to be applied vnto it, yet the equality of al sorts - of minds not such, as in one and the selfe same degree can accept and - beare it: It shall therfore be meete and conuenient, that in deuising - to yéelde this swéet and gentle remedie to anie troubled conceit, we - doe so moderate the matter, as that in the Discouerie therof, we rather - strike not to a far greater impatience or extremitie of vnmeasurable - sorrow then before, vpon vntimely thrusting forward, or ignorant - pursuit of the same, seeing that the mindes of some, are of so high - & incomprehensible stoutnes, as they shun in themselues and account - it a slauerie to be ouerwhelmed with woes. Others againe so rife and - so abundant in teares, as the least shewe of repetition in them, - induceth matter inough of continual mourning for which cause, we will - sort these matters of comfort, into three seuerall orders. The first - whereof shall be at choice, plainelie and simply as occasion serueth - to comfort or perswade, measuring our common calamities by yᵉ rule - of Iudges, séeing vnto a wise man, no one thing can returne cause of - disquiet so much as the shrowd of filthinesse and ignominious shame, - neither can hee be hurt of anie one without himselfe. These (the more - sensible they are with whome we deale, and of greater capacitie) the - more vehemently may we enforce by all sorts of forcible argumentes or - examples. The second of these must by insinuation be entred into, as - supposing a person of a high & statelie mind, and in a cause not common - to be censured, the weightinesse of whose griefe suppressed by a kinde - of vnconquered fortitude, we would goe about to comfort. We may not - with these deale, as in a case of ordinarie griefe with the others, but - rather by a more valuable meane, as<span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">113</span> - who would say, it appearing to vs - the inuincible valour wee see or holde to be resiant in their mindes, - shunning to bee tainted with the least touch of sweltring griefe, wee - doe offer our speeches or Letters to entertaine time with them, whose - hearts wee knowe cannot yeelde to anie forcible sting thereof. And nowe - considering the great validitie of their wisedome, and a minde in them - so vnconquered by anie stormes of Fortune, as is apparant, wee can but - encourage them stoutlie to beare, what others as weaklings doe lie - groueling vnder. In which wee shall finde greater cause to reioyce by - the woorthinesse of so goodlie a minde, then otherwise bee occasioned - to grieue for their sorrowes. The thirde and last likewise must in - another sort bee conueyed, as finding the passionate and perplexed - conceytes of some, yet fresh bleeding vppon the heauie wounde of - their sorrowes, wee maie not abruptlie enter with them, into the iust - occasion they haue so to be distempered, but rather for the lenefying - of their griefes (for in sorrowe also to bee accompanied breedeth - often some comfort) séeme to take vppon vs one part of their euils, by - declaration how grieuous for some especiall causes the same becommeth - vnto vs, either for vertue or some other praiseable condition in the - partie, by occasion whereof, wee doe euen participate, as it were, - with the griefes of them wee goe about to succour. For commonlie it is - giuen to vs to mislike such as dissent from our affections, and loue - them againe, who make themselues partakers of our euilles. It auaileth - also verie greatlie sometimes to extenuate or lessen the cause of the - griefe, either by the incertaintie of thinges casuall, being in some - respects subiect to frailtie, or by the hope of short continuaunce, or - by the necessitie of the action which may not bee withstoode, or by - some comfort or expectation left to mitigate the same. The reputation - also of wisedome, grauitie, the opposition of permutation of times - and seasons, the diminution of the occasion being nothing so great - or vrgent as we deeme it, the indurance of the thing to be a meane - vnto Vertue, and finallie, the common lot and condition of all men, - subiected vniuersallie to mishappe, to sorrowe, griefe, sicknesse, - disquiet, iniuries, wrongs, oppressions, and all kinde of euils, the - generall recordation whereof, aboue manie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">114</span> - things that may be opposed, - swaieth commonly ouer the passions of the minde, by a déepe regarde of - the vniuersalitie of the same, as that it soonest of all beateth downe, - the weight of all kind of il sorrowes and conceiuings whatsoeuer. - Herein the quick sentences and pithie sayings of philosophers, may - also be a great spurring, and finallie, all possible arguments that - maie be, wherby men are anie waies perswaded or led to forget their - euils. In this place it is principallie to be obserued, that in - ministring comfortable spéeches to the redresse of anie mishaps, wee - doe not by preferring of toies and sporting deuises, séek to relieue - them, for that albeit in times of pleasure, the humour of the partie - might in some sort, be therewith greatlie delighted, yet in causes - of such extremitie, all persons for the most part, verie hatefullie - doe endure the putting forwardes thereof, as too much impertinent to - the heauinesse wherewith by sorrowfull remembrances, their mindes are - commonlie amated. But if the cause be light, then may it not be much - amisse to vse some pleasaunt deliueraunce to such a one, especiallie - whose appetite standeth anie thing towards the same, but this also in - such louing, sweete, and gentle sort to bee done, as that true comforts - may seeme to be mingled with those conceited pleasures. Neither may we - in anie case seeke in vaunting sort, to thrust into their priuate view, - the present tranquilitie and happinesse wherein our selues repose, the - obiection whereof were too rusticall. For that as societie in miserie - it selfe, lenedeth the force of the greatest griefes, so the opposition - of anothers pleasure and freedome, is a corosiue or sting to the want - of anie one that is sequestred from the same. All these obseruations in - causes <em>Consolatorie</em> are greatlie to be regarded, whose vses - being to be imploied according to their seuerall suppositions. I leaue - to the discretion of the writer in what sort hee thinketh méete to haue - their efficacies performed.</p> - - <h4><i>An example consolatorie of the first sort, wherein a Gentlewoman<br /> - is comforted of the death of her sonne.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod Mistresse P. I am sorie that my selfe<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> - must become the vnluckie - Messenger of mine owne infortunitie vnto you, and - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">115</span> that in the fore - fronte of my letter is planted such extreame griefe as I cannot but - extreamelie bewaile, so often as I thinke of it. Neuerthelesse,<span class="sidenote"><i>Insinuatiō.</i></span> knowing - vnder what motions wee liue, and that aboue our reach ruleth one, - vnder whose becke the mightiest doe stoope, and the greatest are made - subiecte, I must as my selfe, so likewise perswade you, to tolerate - all such chaunces whatsoeuer, as falling from such absolute direction, - to alter anie one iote thereof is impossible, and to resist the same, - fruitelesse and vtterlie vnauaileable. The care of my selfe (albeit - manie doe knowe howe much I tendred that I sigh for) is not so much, - seeing by reason I am led to be assured of yᵉ necessitie of our decaie, - as the motherlie pitie I haue alwaies perswaded my selfe to bee in - you, and that I nowe alreadie doe feare least forgetting the directe - square of our certaine liuing, you will runne into such vntimelie - sorrowes, as with manifolde teares will hardlie bee washed, and with - innumberable sighes, will scarcelie bee wiped awaie. But what shall I - rehearse vnto you a thinge so sudden and vnlooked for, as I protest by - the heauenlie maker and ruler of all thinges, at the receipte of your - last letters I neuer mistrusted or once looked for to haue happened? - Your teares I see, euen nowe awaite what I will saie, and loe, your - imaginations doe alreadie deeme the matter I must vtter. At least wise - if I shoulde seeme further to dissemble the occasion of my griefe, (and - by hiding the summe of all that may breede discontentmente) to conceale - what nowe I am inforced to vnfolde vnto you, the discharged messenger - returned vncompleate, woulde bewraie the effectes thereof before you. - It is then your son, good M. P. whose want I am inforced to - tolerate, and whose presence you must now henceforth determin vtterlie - to forbeare. Your last presage in commanding him to be seene liuing or - dead, hath now returned his liuing to be discharged, & his earthlie - coarse vnlooked for, to be couered with cinders. Had I thought it theē - (as by the Almighty I least mistrusted it) & had you prepared to haue - receiued him, as then before was required, you could not more sooner - haue assured mee his returning, then I am able now to performe him, - at your present sending. He is commaunded to another, that before did - expecte him, hee is swallowed in the gulfe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> that from the foremost - howre of his birth did hetherto awaite him. Nowe if you will say hee - was young and might haue liued, examples doe shewe that - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">116</span> younger then - hee haue died.<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> If you will say, you loued him greatlie. God by your - patience shall accepte him the more woorthilie. If you will say, you - are sorie for it in that hee was vertuous: consider the worlde wherein - hee liued, that might haue made him more vicious. Finallie, to answere - euerie obiection that by you may bee affirmed, nothing herein can more - fitlie bee auerred, then that in our life time wee see daylie before - our eies to happen. Knowe yee not, that all thinges doe by little - and a little growe into ripenesse, and foorthwith by degrees fall - into rottennesse? Hath not God vnto euerie thing after their greatest - perfection, included such certaine limites, that by and by they seeme - to bee appropriate to their latest confusion? Is there anie thinge on - earth so assured,<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> that by vnstaied incertaintie is not continuallie - guided? Among all fruites and blossomes on the ground, are there not - some that are sooner then others, euen on their tenderest braunches, - as it were alreadie ripened, and others againe that by long lying are - made rotten and mellowed? Al flowers spring not at one instant, nor all - blossoms with one sole blast are scattered. To man is appointed his - certaine boundes, vnto which to bee attained, and beyonde the which not - to passe, is alreadie limited. Your sonne as timelie fruite, so timelie - ripened, and as fitte for his season was as timelie gathered.<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> It was - necessarie by nature hee shoulde bee perfected, and the perfection - attained, by nature also he was consequentlie to bee depriued. Onelie - that his sickenesse was naturall, and that in the continuance thereof - hee wanted no attendaunce, the credite of others as well as my selfe - can testifie. If Physicke coulde haue saued him, if Syrrops, - hot potions, or other necessaries woulde haue cured him, if teares and - praiers might haue kepte him, you had yet in safetie receiued him.<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> Hee - is deade, hee is gone, wee must after him. Of his first sicknesse hee - was whole, and perfectlie recouered, afterwardes from the Iaundise, - though somewhat weakned, yet lastlie deliuered. But the inwarde moath - that consumed him, would not suffer him to liue, which with extreame - gripes assailed him, that beeing not able anie longer to continue, at - the pleasure of God hee died. It is your parte therefore to bee nowe - recomforted, and therein in with patience<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> to referre your selfe to Gods - determinate pleasure and iudgement, to which intent I haue taken in - hand this mid nights labour, after the receipte of your letters, which - were to bee returned<span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">117</span> - the nexte morning earlie, by reason whereof I can - no waie satisfie what you write for, neuerthelesse resting hereafter - to my vttermost power to pleasure you, and recommending my selfe also - to your woonted curtesie, I ende this fourteenth of Ianuarie, your - carefull friend, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle consolatorie of the same, wherein one<br /> - is comforted in case of harde<br /> - extremitie.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-img"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_s1.png" width="120" height="120" alt='S' /></span>Eeing - the instabilitie of worldely chaunces is such,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> as permitteth no - one thinge liuing to remaine stedfast, or in assured staie or certaine - condition at all times to endure and continue: no maruaile then (good - Sir) if your selfe beeing a mortall man,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> framed of the same earthlie - substance and qualitie, incident to terrene frailtie, and natures - imbecilitie, doe as other creatures alike participate the suddaine - euils, and daielie alterations thereunto annexed: a proofe whereof - resteth chiefelie in your present state and beeing, then which no one - thing may induce a more serious aduertisemente, of the vile accompte - and wretched contempte appropriat vnto your liuing. And albeit diuers - are the calamities wherwith not onelie your selfe, but sundrie others - your louing friendes carefull of your presente mishape,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> and grieued - to see the vncouth and bitter chaunge whereinto you are hapned, are - continuallie afflicted, in so much as there is not the stoniest and - flintiest minde of all that euer haue knowne you (your desperate vowed - enemies onelie excepted) but doe in some sorte or other, bewaile, and - as it were grieue to see the vnacquainted yoke thereof, with such - extremitie to be cast vpon you: I cannot yet but greatlie commende - the inuincible <em>fortitude</em> of your high and noble minde, who - by howe much the more, the vehemencie of these sorrowes are to you - vnknowne, and therefore the more vnused,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metanoia.</i></span> doe not withstanding by so - much the lesse permitte, the mightie power of them to rule or beare - swaie ouer you, neglecting or (which is greater) despising the sharp - pricking sting thereof, who by the deepe pearcing force of the same, is - woonted to gall the remembraunce of manie others, and (as it were by - a forcelesse contempte<span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">118</span> - of such validities) not onelie not giue anie - token or signe at all in their vttermost practises, but seeme rather - to triumphe ouer the strength that thereby they had wrought,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> and by - an aduised, sage and woonderfull modestie and discretion, plainelie - to extinguish and put from you the furie of the same. Manifoldlie I - must confesse, haue you hereby deserued and much more euill,<span class="sidenote"><i>Concessiō.</i></span> by the - wise and moderate entertainmente of these troubles, hath to your - aduersaries beene tendred, who in nothing so much do rest vnsatisfied, - as that in subduing your bodie, they cannot also yoke and bring vnder - by whatsoeuer extremitie the courage, and statelie progression of - your high and vnconquered minde. Wherein there is lefte in my opinion - great cause of comforte euen in the verie greatest of your miserie - vnto you, that in constant indurance thereof, you haue power to punish - them, that woulde disturbe you, and that in the perplexed imaginations - of their owne wicked and malicious enuie. Neither maie this that you - sustaine bee rightlie tearmed miserie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> or such a one as your selfe - seeme to bee accompted miserable, whose minde in the verie captiuitie - inflicted vppon this your bodie is thus freede, and accompanied with - so ample and sweetened libertie: For these kinde of troubles as they - are worldlie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Etiologia.</i></span> so haue they power also vpon the worldlie partes of - a man, and therein are cohibitions of such earthlie delighte, as - fauouring more vnto the satisfaction of a sensuall appetite, then - conducing to the excellencie of the inwarde minde, doe breede that - ordinarie restrainte wherewith men mortallie conceited, are for the - most parte troubled. But to the sweete imaginations of a pure and - innocent minde, what is left wherewith to bee discontented, but onelie - to haue committed anie thing vile, wretched, or otherwise ill beseeming - the vertue and excellencie wherewith the inwarde partes thereof are - throughlie indued. How manie waies then are lefte vnto you to reioyce,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> - vnto whose eies the continuall thirst of <em>vertue</em> it selfe hath - long since laide open the momentarie pleasures of this worlde, the - libertie whereof is vnto a woorthie conceite a meere seruage, in whose - fickle and transitorie affections reposeth so slender assurance,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> and - whose effecacies contemplate no other then vaine and foolish obiectes: - seeing that you haue thereby so well perceiued howe much the instinct - of a braue and delicate minde climbeth far aboue the reach of the body, - with a pleasant and vncontroulled libertie. These things impugning - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">119</span> I - must needes say a corporall appetite) permit you not, for such losse - of riches, possessions, children or friendes to become passionate, or - ouercome with extreame greefe, albeit participating as we doe with such - naturall causes, I doubt not but therewith you are sometimes touched, - though at no time conuinced. For which cause as often as you happen to - fall into the remembraunce of the same, suppose with your selfe that in - time, the bitter sting may yet bee repulsed, and that the lotte that is - fallen vnto you heerein, is no other but the common reward and hatefull - disquiet of the worlde, wherein the most noble and worthie minds are - commonlie the most vehementlie assaulted, and with deepest extremitie - by such kinde of meanes pursued.</p> - - <p>The recordation whereof, may returne vnto you one principall and great - occasion of comfort, in that by distinction of your woorthinesse, - though you bee partaker of common trouble, yet are you sequestred - from the entertainment of a common opinion. It dooth not a little - reioyce mee to see that with such impregnable stoutnesse you doe so - farre foorth endeuour to resist your appetites, wherein (besides the - expectation of that which is incident also to these alterations, a - chaunge, I meane, and reuocation of woonted pleasures) you shall in the - meane time giue greater glorie to your actions, in not appearing for - anie worldlie estate, riches, or contentment to bee surprized in your - imaginations. Praying the comfort of all comfortes to bestowe vppon you - the deawe of his heauenlie grace in assistaunce of your extremities, I - take my leaue, this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>A consolatorie Epistle of the third sort, wherein a Gentlewoman<br /> - is comforted of the death of her husband slaine<br /> - in the warres.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">ALbeit my selfe<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> (hauing receyued the sorrowfull newes of the vntimelie - death of my dearest kinsman, and your deceased louing husband) was in - the first hearing thereof so greatlie troubled, as by reason of the - griefe then presentlie conceyued for the same, my selfe happilie might - seeme to neede that comfort, which nowe I goe about to bestowe vpon - others: Yet weighing in my minde the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">120</span> - state wherein you stande, and - beeing also informed with what great extremitie you haue entertayned - the newes of his losse, I cannot but in respect of the great loue - I ought to him, and remembraunce of the like care, wherewith hee - principallie entertayned you, enforce my penne hereby to yeelde vnto - you those comfortable speeches, by the veritie whereof my selfe in so - great a storme of griefe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> coulde hitherto as yet bee verie hardlie - satisfied.<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> It was deliuered vnto me by my brother F. B. that beeing nowe - a Moneth or somewhat more passed, since by Letters out of H. the maner - of your husbandes death was vnto you reported, you immediatelie vppon - the reading of the Letters grewe into so great aboundance of teares, - and to so woonderfull impatience, as hauing euer sithence continued - the same, you will in no sort thereof bee recomforted. Assuredlie my - good Coosen, I must needes conclude with your owne speeches, and the - waight of your interchaungeable likinges, that there is great cause - left vnto you to become sorrowfull,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paramologia.</i></span> - as hauing lost the chiefe and - principall iewell of all your worldlie loue and liking, the fauoured - Companion of all your pleasant and youthfull yeares,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> the entire comfort - and solace of your present happinesse,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> and such a one, who aboue all - worldes, or anie earthlie estimation at all, accounted, honoured,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> and - entyrelie receyued and loued you: but that you haue so great and vrgent - cause of extremitie to continue with so hard impacience as you doe, it - befitteth not, it is vnnecessarie, yea it is in my iudgement of all - others the most insufferable.<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> For - when it is not denied vnto you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Etiologia.</i></span> that - you haue cause to mourne, that it is fittest vnto the matter of your - loue, to weepe ouer him, and bewaile him, it is then thereby intended - that there must be a meane therein, that the force thereof must be - limited, that the appearance beare shew of discretion. Doe we not all - know I pray you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> and are witnesses that he was a mortall man, that as - our selues he was borne, vnder the selfe same condition, that hee must - once die, that hee had his time set, beyond which hee might not passe, - and that God who gaue him life thus long to liue with you, hath nowe - called him againe from this earth to leaue you?<span class="sidenote"><i>Climax.</i></span> Are we ignorant that - Nature compelleth the wife for her husbande, the husbande for his wife, - parents for their children, and kindred for their kinsfolke, to weepe - and lament? But followeth it not also therewith that the losse and want - of them beeing layde<span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">121</span> - downe by an immooueable necessitie: wee can by - no meanes afterwardes bee in hope to reclaime them?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> What great follie - doe wee then commit in thus searching after the ghostes of our deceased - friendes? Or what other thing doe wee therein performe, but yeeld a - plaine demonstration, that our teares are to none other ende, but to - bewaile them, because they were mortall?<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> whome death could neuer haue - shunned without they had beene immortall.<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> Are wee not eftsoones put in - minde by the common casualtie of all thinges, that there is nothing - stable, that continuallie Kingdomes decay, Prouinces are shaken, - Countryes destroyed, Cityes burned, townes wasted, people consumed, and - that it remayneth a thing ordinarie with vs, daylie to bee conuersant - in these euilles, the losse of all, or eyther of which, (if they may - bee accounted euilles) why then doe we giue our selues by vnmeasurable - griefe, to a perpetuall continuance and renouation of those euils.<span class="sidenote"><i>Dialisis.</i></span> But - you will heereunto alledge, that it is loue that enforceth you vnto - the same, and that such is the continuall remembraunce you haue, as - you cannot forget him.<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> Alas, howe fruitlesse is this loue, and zealous - remembrance in the deliuerance thereof? Howe farre sequestred is the - vehemencie of the same, from the searched recompence? Why learne wee - not rather of the wisest and woorthiest, how to mitigate the impacience - of our owne imperfections? In whose precepts, examples, and counsels,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> - if the immoderate vse or entertainment of anything bee forbidden, - shall wee not then in this, aboue all others be chieflie reprehended, - when wee enforce our selues by continuall Meditation of our losses to - shedde so manie teares to no purpose?<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> What if your Husbande had not - nowe dyed at this instant, hee must, you know, haue dyed; hee could not - alwayes haue liued. Yea, but hee died you say, vntimelie, what call - you vntimelie I pray you? If in respect of the force preuayling vppon - him, whereby he was slaine, you name it vntimelie: then doe I graunt - vnto it: But if in regarde of the time of his life you affirme it, I - denie that the same may then bee sayd vntimelie. For why?<span class="sidenote"><i>Etiologia.</i></span> hath - not the eternall Creatour of all thinges ordered by his diuine wisedome - each matter to passe his course in sort to himselfe best beseeming and - most pleasing? howe can you then say that to bee vntimelie, which by - his heauenlie moderation was so appoynted? Assure your selfe if hee had - then<span class="pagenum" id="Page_122">122</span> - beene at home with you, hee had also died, you could not haue - preuented it,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> his houre was come, so was it determined, which way could - he shun it.</p> - - <p>What then grieueth you in this action?<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> Is it that hee was slaine? - Consider with your selfe it was in his princes seruice, his death was - thereby the more honourable, for in so doing, he died as a man, as a - souldiour, as a Gentleman.<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> Yea, but you shall neuer, you say, see him - more? True in deed,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> but what of that? Is this death now greater then - his absence before? Yes forsooth it is indeede, and whie? because you - had hope then to see him againe, which by this means is taken away? - verie well. You did then while he was liuing recomfort your selfe with - hope, content your selfe nowe with necessitie, because it must needes - be so, and you can no wayes amend it. Is not this an ende sufficient - to determine all sorrowes?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> If you weepe, lament, crie out, and become - grieued,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> requisite were it the same should returne to some ende, that - all your care, sorrow, griefe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Brachiologia.</i></span> lamentation, or what els should not - appeare fruitles, that the intendment and determination thereof shoulde - be to some speciall purpose. See you then, herein is no supply, the - effects are bereft, the end taken away.<span class="sidenote"><i>Asindeton.</i></span> Be not then so fond, as to - bedew that with your teares,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> wherunto belongeth neither redresse, nor - mean of recouerie. Who is he that would be so mad, as to crie out vnto - him of whom he might be assured neuer to obtaine remedie? by cunning - art beasts we see,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> though they be most fierce, are tamed, a meane is - found wherewith to breake the Marble, the Adamant howe hard soeuer it - be, may by deuises be mollified: Onely death is of such force as no - wayes can be conuinced.</p> - - <p>At the least wise, if neither of these argumentes might mooue you to - suppresse your exceeding sorrowes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> you must finally consider that wee - are Christians, and by the benefite of this corporall death,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> doe make - exchaunge for an vncorrupted life, that the withdrawing vs from this - vile earthly bodie of Clay and filth, is a commutation to a sacred and - heauenlie progression, and that wee haue nothing left vnto vs, in all - the trauelles, cares, disquiets, and heauie turmoyles of this wearisome - liuing whereof to reioyce vs, but the expectation wee haue of happines - and euer flourishing gladnesse. Suppose the Ghost of your husbande<span class="sidenote"><i>Procatalepsis.</i></span> were - heere present to see you in all this extremitie, what thinke you woulde - hee say? Howe much<span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">123</span> - disordered imagine you woulde hee thinke you to bee - in your affections?</p> - - <p>And were it not that so manie coastes had seuered him both by lande and - seas peraduenture wearied with your bitter out cries in the conceited - image and shape of death, you might in apparance heare him, in these - like speaches accusing and rebuking such your distemperate actions.<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosopopœia.</i></span> - And with breathing spirit to crie out vnto you saying, What is it - you goe about? what meane you by teares to search out for a thing - so irrecuperable. Whie torment you your youthful yeares, with such - vnprofitable,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metanoia.</i></span> or rather as I may call it, desperate kinde of mournings? - whie with such vniust complaints accuse you Fortune, & so often doe - appeale death, and destinie of so hainous trespasse? Is it for that - you enuie my happie state, so soone transported from this vntowarde - soile, to a more prosperous felicitie? thus credit mee, and in this - sorte (were it possible he coulde speake to you) woulde hee accuse - you, in which consideration, were there not iust cause thinke you (of - such intemperance)<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> whie you shoulde be greatlie ashamed? Beleeue mee - good Cosin, there is neither profite or liking at all, of this bitter - continuance reaped, you haue alreadie waded sufficientlie in your - teares,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> you haue mourned for him in earnest loue as beseemed a wife, - it is nowe high time you bee after all this comforted. Thinke that - the greatest storme is by time at length ouerblowne, superfluitie of - coales encreaseth rather heate then flame, the ardencie of affection, - with vehemencie sufficient may be expressed, though not by extremitie - enforced. What shuld I say vnto you?<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> You may not as other foolish - creatures, that are neither gouerned by wit, nor ordered by discretion, - make your selfe a spectacle to the world, but rather with such - temperance<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> (for euen in this extremitie of sorrow, is also planted - a rare patern of modestie) seek in such maner to demean your selfe, - as the lookers on may rather pittie you, by insight of your greate - discretion, then in this sorte to tormente your selfe by a needlesse - supposition. Much more haue I considered with my self, whereby to - satisfie my greeued imaginations,<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> in which beeing recomforted, and - reposed in my secrete thoughtes, I haue deemed it necessarie hereby to - imparte the same vnto you, beseeching that as well in regarde of your - selfe, as the little pleasure your friendes haue to behoulde you in - this straunge kinde of perplexitie, you will enioy the fruites thereof - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">124</span> - with such sufficient contentment and satisfaction as verie heartilie I - doe wish vnto you. And euen so tendring my selfe in all thinges to your - curteous and gentle vsage, I doe heartily bid you farewell, S. this of - &c.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">TOuching these <em>Consolatorie Epistles</em>. It is to bee - intended that ouer and besides the examples formerly deliuered, their - vse is also in causes of banishment, losse of parentes, goods, or - friends, in times of imprisonment, slander, persecution, sicknesse, - in miserable olde age, or plagued by disobedience, in ill successe - of mariages, in pouertie, and finally in whatsoeuer griefe of minde, - trouble, or aduersitie. In each of all which is as I said before, vsed - a great efficacie of perswasion for the mittigation of the same, by - laying the troubles and vncertain state of the world, with innumerable - euils annexed to the turning whéele thereof, the communitie of the - mischiefe to all, who though not with the selfe same, yet in some - sorte or other are alike disquieted, that the best way to expell the - griefe thereof, is by meditation of our estates, the condition wherein - we liue, the ineuitable force of that which is befallen vs, which - because wee are worldlinges must néedes in like sorte betide vs, howe - neare thereby wee may bee drawne in contempte of earthlie vanities, - the inticing baites, whereof are enuenomed with so manie and sharpe - poysons, that troubles are sent vnto vs from God, to call vs thereby - home vnto him, that they are the scourges of our disobedience, that - by such meanes wee are discerned to bee his children, that by pacient - sufferance, and entertainment of our harmes, we do nearest approch - vnto him, who beeing in humane shape on earth, conuersing with men, - was persecuted, slaundered, tooke vpon him the most despised estate of - pouertie, and by cruell death was constrained, that they who are cloyed - with most aboundance, haue therefore the greater charge laide vppon - their neckes, and that no one then they are nearest to destruction, the - height of whose estate, oftentimes occasioneth their vntimely deaths: - finally, that it were bootlesse to striue against their forces, in that - we thereby seem ignorant of Gods pleasure and ordinance, who working - all things vnto the best, knoweth perchaunce the punishment to be most - fittest<span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">125</span> - for vs, wherewith if we were not entangled, we might - happilie forgette him, and become carelesse regarders of his high and mightie - excellency. So and in such maner may we wade in these actions, whereof - hauing now deliuered sufficient, wee will adde hereunto one example - more, and therewith of this title conclude.</p> - - <h4><i>An Example consolatorie, pleasantly<br /> - written to one, who had buried<br /> - his olde wife.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe posting newes hitherwarde of the late decease of my good old - mistris your wife, hath made me in the verie going away of mine ague - fit, to strain my selfe to greet you by these letters. In the inditing - wherof, I manie time praied in my thoughts, that I were as readilie - deliuered of this my tertian feuer, as your selfe are in mine opinion - deliuered by such meanes of a hateful and verie foule encombrance. - I doubt not sir, but you doe nowe take the matter heauilie, being - thereby dispossessed as you are of such an intollerable delight, as - wherewith you were continually cloied by the nightlie embracements of - so vnweldie a carcase. I haue, I must confesse, verie seldome known - you for anie thing to mourne, neuerthelesse, if by such meanes you be - happily constrained to change countenance, I haue prepared a golden - boxe wherein I meane to consecrate all the teares you shed for that - accident, to <em>Berecynthia</em> the beldame of the Gods, as a relique - of your great kindship and curtesie.</p> - - <p>Beleeue mee T. I am sorie that mine ague had not lefte mee, and that - I were not nowe in L. with thee, were it but to viewe thy lookes and - manlike behauiour, after so harde a bickering and incounter wherein - thou was berefte a hearte of golde so daintie, as I promise thee - to some graue sober fellowe, might haue become pretie conceited, - and a verie sweete pigges nie. Well T. thou must needes loose her, - <i lang="la">ferendum est quod mutari non possit</i>, bee not sadde I pray thee, - wee will finde out a better match wherewith to delghite thee. Thou - must consider that it is requisite that all thinges shoulde bee done - with indifferencie, shee hath lefte a thousande pounde in goodes, and - a C. markes by yeare vnto thee, let that content thee: what though - she was not maried a moneth to thee, thou must be a pacient - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">126</span> man, her - long continuance with so much wealth might peraduenture haue glutted - thee. The gods haue become more fauourable to thy young yeares, then - thy selfe doest consider of. Shee might I knowe haue liued longer time - for age, (for foure skore yeares olde I graunt is nothing) the woman - also in verie good plight too, by Saint Margerie: but what of that, wee - must, as I saide before, beare with necessitie. I praie God thou beest - not ouercome with sorrowe, but thou maist take it quietlie. There bee - men in the worlde that are so carelesse of their fortune, and so verie - fooles in their wishing, as they coulde content themselues greatlie to - bee in the like predicamente with thee: but thou I assure my selfe art - of a cleane contrarie opinion, sweare no more good T. I am perswaded - alone that it vtterly discontenteth thee. But hearest thou, plaie not - the madde man for all that, I will rather comfort thee my self, then - that thou shouldest die for sorrow.</p> - - <p>One thing greatlie misliketh mee, I heard saie thou tookest an othe - vpon her death bed neuer to marie againe? See howe loue may leade mē? - Good God it is strange? I promise thee I could hardly be perswaded - thou didst so, without I shuld hear thee swear it. Be not so sottish - good boy, remēber thy self, and think on the Philosophers - words: <i lang="la">non nobis solum nati sumus</i>. Thou maist haue a wife man, - and become the father of ninetie nine children perchaunce ere thou - die. Forsweare thou nothing good T. but building of monasteries and - entring into religion, for these my selfe dare vndertake thou neuer - wilt nor meantest to doe, I woulde faine talke longer with thee, but I - am wearie, and therefore intende to leaue the expectation of the rest, - till I fortune to see thee. Fare (as otherwise thou canst not chuse) - well, hauing neither olde wife nor feuer, wherewith to encomber thee. - At S. this of &c.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">WHat answere may be returned to all or any of these Letters, is - to be expected according to the griefe or presente condition of the - partie. The efficacie of the one whereof may bee such, as endureth - small arguing, and the inclination of the other so plausible, as - beareth with whatsoeuer may sounde vnto them comforting. But for - because the labour were endlesse to measure by writing, the affections - of each one in particular, I will onely set downe for this one fourme, - the generalitie wherof<span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">127</span> - may be inferred to the circumstances of any - other. A Letter <em>Responsorie</em> therefore vnto anie of these - Epistles, should in the generall parts thereof containe (as séemeth - me) a <em>Remuneration</em> or friendlie acceptance of their good - wils, that so haue béene imploied in comforting, and (if the partie so - thinke meete, or the occasion so standeth) to commend the wisedome, - learning, fauour, care or liking of him that so writeth, and therein - also the good effects, the same haue wrought, if some things (that - may bee alledged) did not impugn it, shewing his counsel is far lesse - vehement then our euill, and therfore swayeth not in respect therof, in - our minds, so much as might haue done with many others. In conclusion, - that we acknowledge neuerthelesse his great discretion therin, & that - deserued account of his trauell. Each of which places, howe they are to - be distributed appeareth in the example following.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter Responsorie to be conferred to an<br /> - Epistle Consolatorie.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod brother, I haue receyued your kinde Letters, wherein carefullie, - discreetlie, and effectuallie, you haue endeuoured to minister sundrie - comforts to my diseased minde, in all which I confesse you haue dealt - with mee as appertayneth vnto a faithfull, courteous, and louing - brother, whereunto as much as possiblie may be expected, I yeelde my - selfe vnto you for the same most bounden and assured. Neither will I - wrong you so much as to denie that in perusing the contents thereof, I - was not sometimes by the force of your arguments a little withdrawne - from the deepe consideration and hard suppose of my present euils, but - entring againe into mine owne estate, and finding howe mightily the - shewe of my forward mishaps swayeth ouer my maistred spirites, I doe - imagine the greatnesse of my losse to bee so much, as in comparison - whereof, whatsoeuer you haue deliuered eyther in the mitigation, or - qualifying of my harmes, seemeth farre lesse in quantitie, then the - smallest that may be conceyued of all mine euils. Follie were it for - mee to thinke, or you to beleeue, that the pensiue imagination of a - thing so neere, as wherupon concerned erst, the sum of all my ioyes, - pleasures and happinesse, could with the vehemencie of a fewe speeches - (more of zeale then equitie deliuered) bee suddenlie remooued. But - (as hath<span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">128</span> the adage) - <i lang="la">Omnes quum valemus recta consilia agrotis damus</i>. For coūsell is plentifull in euery one whose conceits by - freedom are exempted from any passion at all. Take it not so good - brother, that I thinke you not for mee, as well as my selfe, to bee a - partaker of my griefe, for I knowe it well you are,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> but yet the one - proceedeth of charinesse, the other of extremitie, you in pitie of my - sorrowes, and I in the very touch of mine euils. What time may doe I - cannot tell, to weare away what presently I feele to be forcible vpon - me, yet feare I the woorst, but will giue my selfe notwithstanding as - much as in me lyeth, to the practise of your counsels. How euer the - case standeth, I must acknowledge, that very waightily you haue dealt - concerning me, and for the same will neuer cease to thanke you. Fare ye - well, this of, &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_18"><i>Of Epistles Monitorie and Reprehensorie.<br /> - Chap. 18.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">IN this place wee will conclude our Epistles <em>Consolatorie</em>, - and passe out of the same title to the next therof, which - are <em>Monitorie</em>, and <em>Reprehensorie</em>. The one part - thereof beeing <em>Monitorie</em>, consisteth in forwarning to the - vnexperienced such matters as hee knoweth not, in sort as if therewith - hee should be throughly acquainted: the other, in skilful explaining - the offence of a thing faulty, which standeth vpon to be reformed. And - insomuch as there be few men that gladlie like to be supposed ouer - much faultie, or loue much to be rebuked for the greatnes of their - errors, the order therfore of these <em>monitory</em>, in setting - forth what may be counted offensiue, shall not accuse but admonish - from the greatnes or smalnesse of the same, qualifying the bitternesse - of reprehension with a certaine maner of praise, how euer desert doe - affoord to the furtherance thereof. For in a gentle condition or minde, - not altogether bent vnto euill, to suppose that the greatest part is - the better inclined, and it also in some good measure to commende, - breedeth no small incouragment to do well, hee to whom the admonition - passeth, hauing mean therby to think that his behauiour is not so far - ouergrowne, but that presumption of his <em>Vertues</em> do yet sway - in mens opinions, or at the leastwise imagining that men are ignorant - altogither of that, whereof they seeme to take no notice at all, he - will study the rather to hearken to such wholesome directions, - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">129</span> and - accordingly to reforme his maners thereunto betimes. And verilie (as - you haue before in the examples <em>Dissuasorie</em>) so in this also - it would not be amisse where we see an offence but new beginning, to - induce many good conditions of the partie to be opposed against the - same, and to lay before him, how ill sounding it would be to the due - commendation of the other, to bee touched therewith. Or otherwise where - wee see an inclination (though no matter in acion) to euill, to say, - that not for that we see him spotted with such offences, we do warne - him from their forces, but to the intent he may thereby the better be - instructed, in the vilenesse and discommended partes of the same, or - that because wee are for the most part led away and easily sliding into - euill, wee set before his eies therein, the hazard and inconuenience of - such euill. Now if the matter be so far forward, as we find it a plain - and open imperfection in him to whom we write, let vs then consider - yᵉ weight or inualiditie of the action, which beeing too monstrous or - notorious, it then needeth not admonition, but sharpe reprehension, and - is thereby secluded from the partes hereof, but not being intolerable - in his age or estate, in whom the same is found, then shall we not - aggrauate, but extenuate the apparance therof, shewing that it is a - thing common for men to fall, chieflie young men, who by the furious - sting of their youth, and want they haue of aged experience, are - hastilie led thereunto: but yet therewithall how manie wayes necessarie - it is, that he be withdrawne from the same, least happily the long - intertainment giuen to a fault, make it seeme a great offence, and - consequentlie hee be thereby led into far more dangerous euils. - Hereupon may we manifest vnto him our loue and tender care wee haue - ouer him, compelling vs for such cause to forwarne him, declaring that - our selues falling into the like errours, would be glad at his hand to - find the like, if the skill and experience of the partie might so much - performe. Another kinde of admonishment or reprehension there is also, - when men deale with those who are highlie before them in account, vnto - whome either imminent daunger or occasion of great hate or mislike - pursuing the same, forbiddeth in expresse manner to vse anie tearmes, - insomuch as their estate (beeing peraduenture loftie, and of power to - commaund or sway ouer vs) will not admit by writing to intermeddle - with their actions, and yet happilie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_130">130</span> - by reason of some hard dealings - offered vnto vs, or our friendes, might séeme much to preuaile in - one sort or other to giue them notice of it, whereby to auoide (if - it be possible) the expected vehemencie and intolerable support of - the same. With such men to deale, behooueth, if at least wise we be - compelled therunto, to make a recitall of many vertues, such as might - be commendable & beautifying vnto so great estate and authoritie, and - therwithall set forth the worthines to the vttermost of that we wish - to be in him planted: and fainedly also wee may suppose those - <em>Vertues</em> to be insinuate in his person, and howe much they are - furthering to his name and reputation, by occasion of which, we may in - the contrary haue meane to lay open all those vices, the insupportable - burthen, vileness, & execrable hatefulnes, or what bad purpose soeuer - is in them concluded, and shew how much they impugne the state, rule, - or authoritie of any one, what blemish they cast vpon him in whom - they are frequented, howe they destroie the good partes for which men - mightie and gracious haue desired to be commended, the conceit whereof, - may be with such facilitie and excellencie caried, as that he to whom - we write, shall with some insight thereinto, receiue a speciall view - of his owne faultinesse, yea and by the couertnes of the same, maie - also participate within his owne imaginations, the particular loue & - hate generallie attributed to either of both, wherein what other thing - shall we goe about, but in silence to admonish or reprehend what in - each of those ought to be bee refused or followed, which manner of - writing performed to suche ende and example, without shame and blushing - at all, each one may lawfullie vse, otherwise palpably to affirme, - those vertues and praises to be in a man in whose actions (becomming - most notorious in al kind of apparance) no one thing is to be found - so plentiful as very wickednes it selfe, this were a flatterie most - detestable, and of all others most filthie, to be in anie writer - receiued: yet such kinde of admonishment or reprehension as is before - recited, is pretily alledged to haue bene vsed by a certaine poore - man, who neghbouring néere vnto one worshipfull & of great account in - calling, but therewith more practising with vehemencie, then honestlie - vsing his knowledge of the lawes, had sustained a mishap by an Oxe of - the Gentlemans, who being a fierce beast, had goared a Cowe of the - poore mans. The poore man hauing receiued wrong, and doubting - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">131</span> howe to - haue recompence, by reason that the Gentleman was of as noted authority - as knowne hardnes, and to whome expresly he durst not complain of - the iniurie, deuised yet this subtiltie wherewith to entrap him. Hee - commeth to this great mans house, and being brought to his presence: - Sir (said he) I am come to deliuer vnto your Wor. who are a Iusticer - in place, for righting of wrongs done and committed, a matter very - conscionable to be respected, & for which in my opinion there ought to - be made a recompence. An Oxe of mine being a naughtie beast, through - the default of mine own fence hath goared a Cow of your Worships, which - is nowe lost and dead by the mishape thereof. Saist thou so, saide this - greate man, by my faith thou must then pay for her. And good reason - too, said the poore neighbour, for it was a wilfull offence, but and - if it please your Worsh. I mistook mine arrande, for in trueth, it is - your Oxe that by defaulte of your owne fence hath entred my ground, - & goared my Cow. Oh then (quoth the other) the case is altered, wee - will talke thereof at some more leisure hereafter. Nowe howbe it the - poore man happely departed without recompence, yet at the least by - this prety deuise he made the Gentleman to vnderstand his fault, & so - far as hee best might, did both admonish and reprehende his owne harde - and iniurious dealing by so witty a conclusion: for had hee not thus - gone about the bush, it is like he had not onely bene frustrate of - recompence, but also voide of any sentence at all of wrong, which by - this handling the matter, was by the Gentlemans selfe clearely on his - part adiudged. Infinite sortes of these, as well in the wise sayings - of Philosophers, as in other written histories are extant, which for - breuitie I omit and leaue to the desirous thereof, for their better - satisfaction, and hence will proceede to the examples of these two - seuerall sorts of Epistles.</p> - - <h4><i>An example Monitorie concerning<br /> - a stayed and well gouer-<br /> - ned life.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THE execrable force of mischieuous euill, is such, - <span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> and the maleuolente - disposition of the heauens to some people so - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">132</span> greate, as that hauing - once throughlie planted the fatall sting thereof in the mindes of - manie, it seemeth they bee created to none other ende, but onelie - by daring to perpetrate whatsoeuer matter of villainie cometh in - their mindes, to purchase to themselues with the determination of a - shamelesse life, the limited rewarde of a shamelesse and ignominious - death: This inchaunted course, perceiuing in these dangerous times howe - much it hath bewitched the estate of the whole worlde, and considering - with my selfe, that by reason of your fathers late decease, you beeing - a greene youth, voide of experience, bente to the triall of all - companies, richlie possessed, and wealthilie endued, are nowe lefte - into your owne handes, and thereby deliuered from the plausible and - quiet moderation of a faithfull and louing guide, vnto the endlesse - reach of a youthfull, carelesse and vncontrouled libertie, hath mooued - mee in respecte of the care that euer I erst had of you, beeing yet but - a childe, and in assured testimonie of the memorie I haue otherwise - protested to the ghost of your deceased louing parentes, to admonish - you of some few thinges, for the order and conuersation of your liuing, - beeing a course so important, as that in the admittance and exercise - thereof, cannot but consist the scope and after fruition of all your - happinesse, and benefit whatsoeuer.</p> - - <p>And first of all, will I call vnto your remembraunce, that beeing the - sonne of so vertuous a father as you are, howe greatlie it importeth - vnto your estate to bee well gouerned, that as well the precedent - vertues,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> as auncient possessions of your antecessour, may in your - person bee resiant, that of your deceased parent (as well as in - corporall shape and fauour) you beare (in minde) the verie true image - and portraiture, that you stand not more in your actions vppon the - glorious name or title of a Gentleman, then of the verie true and - woorthie conditions and behauiours, that rightlie doe produce and - make a Gentleman. And albeit I finde no greate apparante cause (your - youthfull heade and vnstayed state of headestrong libertie onelie - excepted) that may induce anie argument or supposall to the contrarie, - but that you are of such and so worthie regarde, as that in your life - and conuersation, you deeplie ynough do conceiue of all or anie part of - these instructions or admonishmentes, which I nowe goe about to offer - and preferre vnto you; yet knowing howe manie, and howe sundrie - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">133</span> are - the euils wherewith our mortall state is endangered, howe diuers are - the motions to wickednes, and how manie waies we are readie to fall - into the crooked paths of the same. I coulde not but warne you that - comming euen nowe into the middest of the worlde as you do you shall - finde sundrie baites and allurementes drawing you into the worst and - most vilest parts thereof, that vnles you were directlie gouerned with - the righte rule and square of an honest and sober life, twentie to - one you would not onelie fall verie deeplie into the inconueniences - thereof, but (without great and vnexpected matter leading you to the - contrarie) be drowned and ouerwhelmed in the gulf therof for euer.</p> - - <p>You must call to minde that liuing in a place so ordinarilie frequented - as is the Citie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Monitiō.</i></span> wherein you are, and being in fellowship with so - manie and diuers sorts of men as you now be, conuersing also with the - innumerable multitudes of persons, of all estates, conditions and - faculties, as you there doe, it is no difficult thing for a young - youth of your birth and qualitie to be led into lewdnes, of a wanton - to become dissolute, of a spender to bee made a consumer, or of a - towardlie gentleman to be framed to an vntowardlie companion. Much may - the euill example of some lewdlie giuen, conduce hereunto, making you - to beleeue, that to become a roister, is credit: to become a swearer, - valiant: to shewe your selfe a waster, liberall: to be a drunkard, is - fellowship: to maintaine rakehels, is bountie: to become fantastical, - is youthful: and to bee an vnthrift, is to be counted gentle: But - better entring into these things then by common aduisement men in your - case ordinarilie doe, it shall appeare contrariwise, that in gaining - of credite you are to become modest and discreetlie behaued: in being - noted to bee valiant, you ought to bee a supporter of honour: shewing - your selfe liberall, it shall bee in rewarding the good: in maintaining - of fellowshippe, you shall vse sobrietie: in beeing bountifull, you - shall remunerate seruices: in manifestation of your youth, you shall - entertaine honest pleasures: and in beeing gentle, shewe your selfe - therewithall frugall.</p> - - <p>The asse goeth out in the morning to carie burthens, and in the - euening receiueth his prouender for aduantage.<span class="sidenote"><i>Parimia.</i></span> The Oxe grazeth all day - in the pasture, and at night is caried to the butchers stal: their - rewarde is their feeding,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> and the contentment they require is onelie - to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">134</span> fill their - bellies: behooueth that men also who from beastes are - sequestred by manie degrees of reason, should of their continuance and - finall determination liue a like carelesse?<span class="sidenote"><i>Antipophora.</i></span> No verilie, it is too much - vnseemely. Such illusions as these are not fitte for a man, who by - the nobilitie of his creation was ordained to swaie ouer, and not to - become subiect to such vilities. You nowe beeing at your owne choice - and libertie, must beware and giue great and diligent aduertisement - to all your waies, you must eschewe and auoide not onelie the verie - euils thēselues, but also all occasions inducing or partaking with - those euils, you must imagine, that to bee in all thinges temperate - and discreete, doeth solie argue a reputation to bee within you, shun - vice as you would doe a serpent, flie wicked companie as a pestilent - infection, doe alwaies thinges woorthie your selfe, affecte not so much - the vaineglorious title of praise, as desire how and in what sort to - deserue and win praise. Esteeme nothing so precious as time, abandon - sloth, and in all your societie (as neere as may bee)<span class="sidenote"><i>Parimia.</i></span> accompanie with - the best. Consider that such as is the tree, such is the fruite. Who - toucheth pitch must needes bee defiled. With the good thou shalt bee - made good, and with the euill thou shalt bee peruerted. Thinke none so - greate an enemie as he that misleadeth you. Misdeeme no man willinglie, - and giue occasion to all men to iudge of you indifferentlie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Perorasiō.</i></span> These - counsels (forewarninges of your ruine or happines) if aduisedlie you - will hearken vnto, and faithfully lay vp among your chiefest secrets, - it shall no waies repent you to haue beene admonished, nor discontent - me in this sort so much to haue counselled you, in that pursuing the - effectes hereof, you shall become such as I with you, and your carefull - father if he had liued wold haue bene glad to haue seene you. The - Almightie giuer and moderator of al our actions, blesse and keep you. - Farewel from my house at <i>D.</i> this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An other Epistle Monitorie, touching the reformation<br /> - of a Couetous life.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">ALbeit good brother,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> I knowe the matter of my writing will become - offensiue vnto you, and that I am not ignorant what heauie aduersaries - you haue, that daylie doe goe about to suppresse the soūd & faithful - aduise of those, who without flattery doe wish heartilie wel vnto you, - and studiouslie are busied at al times<span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">135</span> - for and towardes your good. - Such neuerthelesse is the loue and dutie that I owe you, as seeing you - in so great an errour as you are ouerwhelmed in, I cannot in respect of - our brotherlie affection, but I must needes warne you of it, whereof if - you become not repentant, and a renouncer betimes, I doubt,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonomia.</i></span> not onelie - the worlde will crie out agaynst you, but God also in high displeasure - will bee angrie with you.<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> Trulie for mine owne part I am ashamed, and - also it greatlie grieueth me euerie where to heare of this extreame - couetousnesse and harde dealings, by you vsed towardes your poore - tenants, and other the inhabitants about you, who notwithstanding that - God hath aboundantlie blessed you with ryches more then sufficient, - you bee yet so miserablie bent vpon the worlde, as you care not by - what district and seuere handling you doe attaine vnto your wealth, - onelie so you haue it, or can come by it, you holde no conscience or - question at all of the winning it.<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> Alas what cries doe you procure - agaynst you of the poore and wretched people, who beeing plagued with - the harde yoke you laie vppon them, are not able of themselues to - redresse, but onelie doe pray to God that hee will for them reuenge - it. The matter is too hatefull, and so great is the oppression and - wrong thereby offered, as it cannot continue. Might my woordes become - of weight vnto you, I woulde wish you to leaue it, and if not for my - sake, or in regard of your owne credite thereby so greatlie blemished - and impayred, and your good name and fame vtterlie by such meanes - obscured and defaced,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> yet for Gods sake, who commaundeth charitie and - right to all men, who willeth that wee doe to euerie one as wee would - bee done vnto, who forbiddeth by such execrable lucre to heape to our - selues so vniust and filthie gaine,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> you will refraine it, reforme it, - amende it. In trueth you doe not knowe, howe much euill thereby you - procure vnto your selfe, the blind desire you haue to heape vp riches - will not permit you to see,<span class="sidenote"><i>Brachiologa.</i></span> what rancour, mischiefe, impietie, terrour - and dread, you crowde so neare togither, the little care you haue of - the world to come, so quencheth your affections, as you haue not power - to beholde the enormitie wherein you are so vehementlie transported.<span class="sidenote">Metonomia.</span> - For shame abstaine and become not the common obloquie of all men, bee - not you the man alone whome so manie shall curse, and all men for the - most part crie vengeance vpon. Otherwise<span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">136</span> - if by no admonition you will - relent, assure your selfe, God who is the righter of all wronges, will - in most seuere manner compell you vnto it, and in the ende by great - rigour punish you for it. It little liketh mee that herein, so iust - cause remaineth, as whereby I am forced in this sort to argue with you, - in which action the nature of a brother may giue you to vnderstande in - what sort I admonish you, and with what louing care I retaine you:<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> the - consideratien of which hath mooued mee (as my selfe woulde wish in the - like of whatsoeuer I shoulde haue erred, to bee dealt withall by you)<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> - to account the sweete rebukes of a friend to bee farre more profitable - then the dissembling glozes of a cruell and bitter enemie; to which - end whatsoeuer I haue sayde, may in like maner be conceyued by you. - Farewell. L. this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle Monitorie to a father, touching the lewd<br /> - and ill demeanour of his sonne.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THough it seeme an approoued<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> follie to cast pearles before swine, or - to offer a golden saddle to an Asses backe:<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> yet (not that I thinke - either the Sowe worthie of the pearles, or the Asse fit for the saddle) - I haue written vnto you, the one cause to manifest vnto you the vile - and bad parts of your sonne whereof you will take no notice, and of - which this Letter herein closed shall beare sufficient testimonie: the - other for charities sake, to admonish you which are his father, that - by your timelie looking to those matters, you may winde him from that, - which by small sufferance will breed your woes, and his irrecuperable - destruction, I haue vnderstood that hauing beene found heretofore in - the like pilfering with two Masters that he serued,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> and the secrete - information thereof beeing brought to your eares, you misliked his - courtesie that tolde you, iustified the matter to bee false that was - deliuered you, and not so much as examining the action, (which a good - father would haue done by all manner of industrie) you allowed your - sonne for honest, and affirmed that it was vnpossible hee should - enter into anie such theeuerie. If I see the childe of such a father - come to an euill ende, I will not maruell at all, seeing that besides - the ordinarie inclinations alreadie graffed in his young yeares, his - parentes are content by winking at it, to giue - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">137</span> him furtheraunce, and - in a manner to affirme it shall so bee, in so much as thereby seemeth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> - the sonne hath sworne hee will neuer liue honestlie, and the father - hath promised that hee will set him forwarde to <em>Tiburne</em>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> for - his villainie. Is it reason that men (of zeale and conscience) should - goe about to pittie their misfortunes, who haue protested neuer by - compassion to preuent in themselues, the iust and appropriate rewarde - of their owne euilles?<span class="sidenote"><i>Aporia.</i></span> What shall I say to the vnhappie father of such - a sonne, or rather vnhappie childe of such a father, whether shall I - forewarne him or you, the one purposing, the other animating,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prolepsis.</i></span> to what - vnto each of you in the ende muste become a particular desolation? - Trulie these thinges will not continue, they can not long holde. Well - (not in respect that eyther of you haue deserued so much at my handes) - but for pities sake, I am content to beare with your infirmities, and - (so you will not vrge mee to your owne harmes, by your courteous,<span class="sidenote"><i>Orismus.</i></span> - though not so much as honest vsage, for honestie willeth I shoulde haue - mine owne againe, or recompence) will part with my losses: but yet - therewithall warne you (to which ende I haue written this Letter) that - you preuent your mischiefes betimes, you doe consider the successe of - your owne harmes.<span class="sidenote"><i>Parimia.</i></span> So long the potte goeth to the Riuer, that at last - it commeth broken home, euerie man will not deale with you as I doe. - It can not bee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metanoia.</i></span> but you must needes knowe, nay rather bee a partaker - of your sonnes euilles, howe euer you dissemble with the worlde, and - face out the matter before people. Take heede I say, God when hee - striketh,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> - smiteth home, you will else repent it, for it will none - otherwise bee. Because I haue yet some hope, that by driuing into your - conceyte the enormitie hereof, and discouering the packe, which you - saide was lockt vp from your seeing,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> that at the least wise for the - feare of God, and to saue him from the gallowes, you will endeuour to - chastise him. I haue sent this bearer, who can infourme you of the - truth, time and place, of that which you goe about to shrowde vp so - couertlie, and if afterwardes you will not bridle him,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonomia.</i></span> I protest his - shamelesse foreheade must bee corrected by iustice, and the lawes must - further passe vppon. Surelie not for enuie of the person, but for the - shamelesse browe hee beareth, as one that had done none offence, to - prouoke mee by euill vsage to blaze his faultes, that otherwise by good - counsell, woulde haue couered<span class="pagenum" id="Page_138">138</span> - them: I thinke it a deede meritorious - to haue him punished, if you haue a desire as a father to cherish him,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> - haue a regarde as a friend betimes to correct him, otherwise you shall - sooner see him come to shame, then anie waies climbe vnto credite. But - for ought I can heare, both father & mother are so addicted to the - bolstring of his doings, as that it seemeth they haue alreadie vowed - their infamie to the world, and his life to the gallowes:<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> good counsell - may do much, and though in taste I seeme a bitter enemie, the proofe in - triall shall be better then of a fawning friend.</p> - - <h4><i>An example reprehensorie wherein a man of wealth sufficient is<br /> - reprehended for mariage of his daughter, to the riches<br /> - of an olde wealthie Miser.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIr, I am not a little grieued for the loue I owe you, to see that - in these ripe yeares of yours,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> wherein men commonly are freight with - discretion, you neuertheles do verie indiscreetlie goe about to - compasse a matter so repugnant to reason, or any maner of considerate - and sage aduisement, as whereat the worlde can but woonder,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonomia.</i></span> and whereof - all that know you, or by any meanes may vnderstand of the match, will - no question greatly accuse & for euer condemne you. It is deliuered - with vs here for certain,<span class="sidenote"><i>Propositiō.</i></span> that you are intended (vpon the doting - affection of a miserable old man,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> your neighbor, whose yeares are as - well fraught with diseases, and his manacled and benummed old ioynts - with imperfections, as his barred coffers with coine) to marry vnto - him my neece your yoongest daughter vpon a suddaine, and that to the - furtherance thereof, you offered to contribute of your owne store a - reasonable and sufficient portion.</p> - - <p>Trust mee when I heard it at first, I deemed it as a counterfeit ieast, - thinking that the man whom I so wel knew before time, could not on - a sudden become such a paragon, as whereon a maiden of her feature, - youth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antiphrasis</i></span> accomplishment, and fauor, could so quickly become enamored, - neither thought I that howsoeuer the dotage of the olde man stood as a - conceit to smile at, that you for your part would so much as vouchsafe - to hearken to it, especially at any time so seriously to speake of - it, much lesse to open your purse to become a purchaser of it,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> or by - constraint at all to enforce her fauors, to giue signe or token anie - waies vnto it.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_139">139</span></p> - - <p>Alas sir,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> was there no one thing more wherein besides you coulde - ouershoote your selfe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> but onelie in so bad a purpose, an action so - vnhonest, an intendment so vile, a matter so much impugning nature,<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> as - that the verie earth, or hell it selfe, coulde not belch out againste - the fayre Virgine, so huge and so intolerable a mischiefe, to match - I say, the matchlesse fauour of so young and dayntie a peece to the - filthie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> tawnie, deformed and vnseemelie hue of so wretched and ill - fauoured a creature?<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> What nature - is this, to worke vnto her,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> whome of - your owne flesh you haue ingendered, whome so long you haue nourished, - whome to such and so manie perfections you haue trained,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonoia</i></span> vppon a - suddaine, naie euen in one moment, so manifest an occasion to cast - her awaie, not yeelding vnto her heauy censure,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hyperbole.</i></span> so great a benefit as - death, but ten thousand griefes, the least of all which is worse then - any death that may bee, wherein comfortlesse she may complaine, grieue, - and bemoane her selfe without any reliefe at all, but by the precious - price and hazard of her own soule.</p> - - <p>Howe vnequally doe you deale herein,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> to render vnto her being scarce - sixteene yeares of age, a husbande enfeebled by fourescore yeares and - vpwards,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i></span> whose toes are swolne with the gowt, and legs consumed with - the dropsie, whose leane carcase beareth no apparance but of old scars, - and stifned limmes become vnweldie supporters of his pined corps,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> - whome furs must fence from the least blast of cold,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antiphrasis.</i></span> & dew of nappy Ale - cherish with warme fires, whose nightcap carrieth more store of heat, - then al his body doth of agility or strēgth, and nose far more fruitful - then sauory,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antiphrasis.</i></span> with distilling drops down trilling from thence in - freshest spring of the ioliest seasons, maketh ill fauored refections.<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> - What wrong do you tender the poore maiden therin? How vnworthy and - far ill beseeming is the same to her, who hath such a father, and - apparantly shal be known to be such a mans daughter? shall you not - therein bee noted of great folly, will not all men laugh at it, pitie - it, crie shame of it,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> and her selfe poore soule praie to God to reuenge - it.</p> - - <p>It is too much intollerable beleeue mee, that you should endeuour in - this sorte by colour of your Fatherlie authoritie to constraine her, - whome (albeit shee is your owne childe) yet maie you not thus forciblie - compell vnto so vnnaturall an extremitie:<span class="pagenum" id="Page_140">140</span> - Consider with your selfe<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> - howe grieuous the thing you goe about to compasse, may returne vnto - her, and whereas liking and choise is of all other things in case of - marriage to bee accounted most dearest, you not onelie agaynst her - will, do endeuour to induce a breach thereof, but also do giue her - ouer into the handes of such a one, whose inequalitie so far forth - disseuereth frō her appetite as that it cannot otherwise be, but (as - vnto all others, so vnto her chiefly) it must become vnsufferable. Haue - you no more care of her that is your daughter, but when nowe you haue - brought her to the passe, wherein shee should participate the vertuous - and modest vse of that, whereunto her yeares haue adapted her, and for - which ende and purpose, marriage was by Gods sacred ordinance at the - first ordayned,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> in steede of a - louing and contented husbande,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> to giue - her a withered olde Truncke, in lue of sweete and mutuall societie, to - wedde her to sorrowe and euerloathed griefe, to endow her with larger - profite then with honest contentment, thinke you that shee is a stone, - that her senses from others are different in their right operation - and qualities, that shee more or lesse, or in stranger sort then anie - others, can become therein more forcible, or lesse iniuried?<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> No sir, - assure your selfe, you must needes heape vp no other but extremities - vppon her, it cannot bee but if you proceed herein, you must of force - vndoo her, the ende and conclusion is so vtterlie bad, as it cannot be - remooued.</p> - - <p>Returne then vnto your selfe, and thinke herein what best beseemeth - your daughter,<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> remember that what you take in hande in that action - is vngodlie, iniust, seuere, and vnnaturall, that in giuing such a - husband, you shall giue her (without the greater grace of God) and - him both to the diuell. Consider, that you are with pietie, and to - a Christian purpose and ende, to moderate your authoritie, weigh - with your selfe that the couetousnes wherwith you are ouercome is no - purchase to her of safety. And ballancing all these in the waight and - cords of equalitie, withdraw your selfe, and by such meanes become - disswaded from so great an absurditie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> So may you the more easilie - performe that vnto her belongeth, as a kinde and louing father, and for - the profite by this trauell reaped at your hands, bind her and all vs - with greater feruencie, to loue you. Whereon concluding the scope of - all my former desires, I end, &c.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_141">141</span></p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle reprehensorie to a young<br /> - Gentleman.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">ABout seuen dayes passed,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> I receyued Letters from my Brother N. the - long expectation whereof, and desire I had to bee infourmed of your - well dooing, made mee inwardly reioyce at the first viewe of them, - supposing that as I deliuered you out of my handes, I should still haue - found you in the same predicament, without alteration, or so much as - anie surmize of that wherof I haue beene thereby aduertised.</p> - - <p>It is long since indeede that you were with mee, at which time you were - in manner a childe, neuertheles in those tender yeares so towardlie - giuen, and of so milde and gentle disposition, as there was great - cause whie then I should esteeme of you, and much matter offered to - all others that knewe yee, whereupon to commend you: But nowe if it - bee true as I am informed, your actions are turned quite contrarie, - you are become a chaungeling,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> you are no more the same, but another - in qualitie, minde and operation. If this bee so, you haue surelie - taken a wrong course,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> in exchaunge of vertue, to make choise of vice: - in steede of laudable exercises, to admit a number of lewd qualities: - in place of good and honest vsage, to enter into a life vnciuill, - lewde and sauage: your companie keeping is (as is reported) without - anie order, your studies are carelesse, your pastime recklesse, your - tabling drunkennesse,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> your liuing vnthriftinesse: finallie, blushing - before time at all thinges, for their noueltie, you dare boldlie nowe - to aduenture anie thing bee it with neuer so great infamie. These - things, my good Coosen, I must tell you are vnfit for a Gentleman, - and much ill beseeming that education of yours, whereunto they were - neuer accustomed. From these, if you will doe aright, you are nowe - to weld your speedie course, and quicklie to depart, calling to your - remembrance, that what approcheth the condition of euerie ordinarie - person is not meete for your credite, and what in men of common account - appeareth to bee no blemish is in your reputation helde to be a great - and notable faultinesse.</p> - - <p>When men desire to bee well famed,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hirmos.</i></span> and by true renowne to rise - vnto worthinesse, they flie sloath, and giue themselues to auoyde<span class="pagenum" id="Page_142">142</span> - all occasions of Idlenesse, they endeuour to become painefull and - industrious to couet thinges of highest accompt, and to bee in companie - with the most vertuous. Their credite hath no supporte by vanities, - they seeke not their reputation among raunnagates, they conuerse - not with Tauerne-haunters, and bibbers, they liue not with men of - vilde accompt, dissolute and vngratious, such kinde of meanes (as - insufficient to glorie) they deeme wretched and opprobrious.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span></p> - - <p>You nowe if you would bee such as you ought to bee, must also pursue - the tracte of these, the sweetenesse and delicacie whereof (if but a - little you will pierce into the sowre and harsh taste of the other) - you shall quicklie conceiue,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> marke but the praise, benefites, estimate - and good reporte, entertained with the one; and on the other side, the - discredite, shame, discommoditie, and vile reckoning alwaies made of - the other, and then iudge by your owne decernement, howe much and howe - greatlie you are ledde awrie, in thus careleslie roaming vppon others - vilities, and concluding with your selfe vppon the ill conceipt that - all good men haue of such hatefull and disorderlie kinde of liuing, - returne betimes, ere too late, for want of good aduisement, you - foolishlie begin to crie out of your winning.</p> - - <div class="poetry-container"> - <div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="i6"><i>Principiis obsta, sero medicina paratur,</i></div> - <div class="i6"><i>Cum mala per longas conualuere moras.</i></div> - <div class="i0">First stop the cause, too late doth phisicke come,</div> - <div class="i0">When euils smal, to great (by sufferance) run.</div> - </div> - </div> - </div> - - <p class="noindent">Credite me (whome euer you haue knowne to fauour you) the disgrace that - quickly you shall sustaine, if betimes you relent not these euils, wil - to a good mind become so vile and so odious as not without great sorow - and griefe, may bee wiped away. I disguise not with you in that I saie, - for you shall finde it and proue it to be true. It is a shame for any - man in those yeares, wherin of al others his towardnes should chiefly - be effected, to be accompted then bad, vilde, lewd, and ill demeaned, - much more for a Gentleman,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> whose education was so good, whose infancy - so well trained, whose adolescency so formerly with al kind of vertues - indued, to become, now when most discretion should swaie in him, worse - then before, more disordered then when hee<span class="pagenum" id="Page_143">143</span> - was to be corrected, lesse - commended in his owne gouernment then when he was vnder anothers - intertainment.</p> - - <p>The loue that I beare vnto you, maketh mee the more largelye heereof - to enfourme you, which for that I deeme not of anie ill seede sprong - out of your owne nature,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> to bee growne vppe into such kernels, I doe - thereby adiudge, that with more facilitie they maie be disseuered, the - braunches I knowe are of others wearing, which I neuer wish to bee - so farre foorth lyked, as to become of your owne gathering. From the - inconuenience whereof, I hitherto haue studyed thus much to withdrawe - you, as hee that most of all desireth aboue anie other to enioie you. - The haste of the messenger, and wearinesse of writing enforce mee - to leaue. God, who is the conductor of all happie endeuours, blesse - you, and till I heare from you againe, my selfe will exspect the best - reformation that any good opinion may induce in mee, as yet to conceyue - of you. Fare you well, this of. &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_19"><i>Of Epistles Amatorie. Chap. 19.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_d1.png" width="120" height="120" alt='D' /></span>Iuers - other patternes of sundrie occasions concluded vnder this - Tytle, might besydes these heere bee put downe, whereof because I haue - so largelie spoken in the discourse before these Epistles, I thinke - the examples alreadie proponed to bee sufficient. And nowe the last - of all these diuisions yet vnspoken of is <em>Amatorie</em>, whereof - because the humours of all sortes with loue possessed, are so infinite - and so great an vncertaintie in them remaineth, as that perchance - euen in yᵉ verie writing of his letter, the louer himself is somtimes - scarce certain of his own intended purpose therein, the lesse must of - necessitie be the precepts of the same, for that in some of them wee - require and entreate in others expostulate the matters and occasions - falling in the necke therof, other times complaine, another while fawne - and speake faire, then purge or cleare an accusation supposed agaynst - vs. Finallie, innumerable are the deuises wherewith the - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_144">144</span> reynes of loue - are conducted. But in as much as I haue heretofore giuen vnto all other - titles their seuerall preceptes, I will somwhat also in this place - speake to the purpose thereof: In which I must first referre the writer - vnto the consideration of the honestie of the action by him pretended - to be written of, and then for the places of request, complaint, - expostulation, or auoydance of anie thing therein happening to the - waight of his owne affection, which how vehemently, or slenderly it - weigheth, himselfe can best testifie, and lastly, for the well ordering - of either of these, to the examples <em>Petitorie</em>, <em>Expostulatorie</em>, - <em>Defensorie</em>, and <em>Excusatorie</em> in this booke plentifullie - deliuered, wherein howbeit the matter of loue is no wayes expressed, - yet to anie capable or wel disposed conceit, the conueyance thereof - cannot in the selfe exchange of the subiect be without some import vnto - them.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In this place there might also bee made a distinction of loue - where in a <em>Sympathie</em> of minds from man to man aswell vniteth - togither by an indissoluble league of amitie their hearts in one, - as betwéene man and woman, and that for the most part by a far - more waightie league, and more inuiolable discretion. But sith the - alteration thereof, as it much differeth in qualitie from the other, is - also alike exchaunged by title, that one tearmed by the name of - <em>Friendship</em>, and this other chalenging onelie to be deciphered - by <em>Loue</em>, these amours in this definition shall onely be - intended such, as are modestly tendered from men vnto women, and so - accordingly herein to be exampled and written vpon.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And howbeit the little experience I haue had of some conuersing in - this kinde of studie, hath sufficientlie taught mee to knowe, that the - verie instinct or setled impression of this kinde of fantasie is such - a Schoolemaister to inuention, and so cunning a refiner of any well - disposed conceit, as that with very small help, it thereby commonlie - performeth much more then well could bee otherwise intended. To the - helping and putting forwardes whereof, a number of excellent penned - discourses onelie pertinent and seruing to the efficacie of those - amours, are with the greatest singularitie that may bee deliuered, yet - in so much as this booke taking vpon it to set foorth of euerye the - tytles therein distinguished, some one or other particular example, - may not by the defect of these, seeme to haue anie want of that, - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_145">145</span> - which by it hath bin formerlie promised. I haue thought good for order - sake, to pursue also in this place, the effect of this Methode. The - circumstances whereof by the examples following shall bee tendered.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle, for the first entreatie<br /> - of good will.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe long and considerate regarde, by which in deepe contemplation I - haue eyed your most rare and singular vertues, ioyned with so admirable - beautie, and much pleasing condition graffed in your person, hath - mooued me good Mistresse E. among a number whome entirely I knowe to - fauour you, earnestlie to loue you, and therewith to offer my selfe - vnto you. Nowe howbeit I may happilie seeme in some eyes, the least in - woorthines of a number that daylie frequent you, yet may you vouchsafe - in your owne priuate to reckon mee with the greatest in willingnesse, - wherein, if a seded and immooueable affection towardes you, if feruent - and assured loue grounded vpon the vndecaiable stay and proppe of - your vertues, if continuall, nay rather inexterminable vowes, in - all perpetuitie addicted vnto your seruices, if neuer ceasing and - tormenting griefe vncertainlie carried, by a hazardous expectation, - closed in the circle of your gracious conceyte, whether to bring vnto - the eares of my soule a sweet murmure of life, or seuere sentence of - a present death, may ought at all preuaile either to mooue, entreate, - sue, solicite, or perswade you, I then am the man, who shrining in my - inwarde thoughts, the dignitie of so woorthie a creature, and prising - in deepest weight (though not to the vttermost value) the estimate of - so incomparable a beatie, haue resolued liuing to honor you, and dying - neuer to serue other but you, from whose delicate looks, expecting - no worse acceptance, then may seeme answerable to so diuine an - excellencie, I remaine.</p> - - <h4><i>Your most passionate, loyall and<br /> - perpetually deuoted, &c.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">THis example seeming to be in the superlative degree, it is - intended that the direction thereof or the like, shoulde passe<span class="pagenum" id="Page_146">146</span> - vnto such a one, whose birth, education, or other complements, maie - sufficientlie answere the greatnesse and efficacie thereof, otherwise - to one meanlie demeaned, or farre lesse enabled, to indite or offer - the like, it might seeme vnto the writer, a great indignitie, as well - in iudgement, as by an apparant want of some other sufficiencie. For - which I thought good to admonish thus farre in this place, howbeit in - the seconde Chapter of this booke, I haue touching a respect in all - writing to bee had vnto the partie, his partes, place and qualitie, - plentifullie alreadie discoursed.</p> - - <h4><i>Another example to that purpose.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod Mistresse E. I am bolde though a straunger, to make these Letters, - messengers at this present of my good meaning towards you, wherein you - may please to thinke that I goe not about by pretence of a most entire - and heartie good will which I professe to beare you, to make present - surmise thereupon, that on so bare an assertion you should immediately - credite me, I prise your worthinesse at farre greater value, and weigh - your good allowance so much, as I onelie desire, that by your fauorable - liking I may intreate to haue accesse vnto you, not doubting but by my - being in your presence, I shall so sufficientlie by apparant proofe - maintaine the efficacie of that I now protest, and giue you so good - occasion to deeme well of mee, as you shall haue no reason to repent - you, that vpon so honest and louing request you haue condiscended to - my entreatie. Whose health and prosperitie tendering in all things as - mine owne, I sende you with my Letter a token of that great affection I - beare you, which I most heartilie praie you to accept of, and weare for - mee. And euen so doe continue.</p> - - <p class="right">Yours, if so you please to accept of me, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An answere to the first of these Epistles.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THat men haue skill, and are by sundrie commendable partes enabled - to set foorth their meaning, there needeth, as I thinke<span class="pagenum" id="Page_147">147</span> no other - testimonie then your presente writing, your eloquence is farre beyonde - the reach of my poore witte, and the multiplicitie of your praises - fitter for a Poeticall Goddesse, then to the erection of anie such - earthlie Deesse. For my parte, I houlde them as the fancies and toies - of men, issuing from the weakest of their humours, and howe farre my - selfe can deserue, none then my selfe can better conceiue. Beeing one - of good sorte, as you are, I coulde doe no lesse then write againe vnto - you, the rather to satisfie the importunitie of your messenger, wishing - such a one to your lot as wel might paragonize those excellencies your - write of, and answere euerie waie vnto the substaunce of all those - inestimable prayses. So hauing, your loue and your writing, might (as I - take it) bee best suted togethers.</p> - - <p class="right">Yours, as far as modesty will, to aun-<br /> - <span class="mr5">swere your curtesies, &</span></p> - - <h4><i>A replie to the same answere.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GRacious obiect of my pleasing thoughtes, and mistresse of all my - inwarde happines, sweete were the lines you wrote, God wot vnto mee - your seruant howe comfortable, and how precious, knowing that their - premeditation had issue from those your peerlesse excellencies, & the - touch of those letters passed the guidance of your delicat hands, how - sharp or powerful soeuer be the weight of the same, the lesse shall be - the griefe, in that she whom I honour and estimate aboue all others, - hath vouchsafed to wish vnto my lot, y accōplishmēt of all those - excellencies, which none but her self can paragonize, and wherein she - onelie goeth beyond all others. Vouchsafe (sweete Mistris) that what - vnto you is intended to bee pleasing, may not seeme disgraced, by the - ornamente of <em>Eloquence</em>, the Soueraigne and praise-woorthie - <em>Glorie</em> whereof, beautifieth both speeches and reasons. Too - dulle are my senses (I confesse) to blaze foorth the weight of your - merites, your accomplishmentes beeing so manifold, as whereout (if - euer anie earthlie Deesse by anie excellencie were deriued) the same - might bee thought to haue alonlie proceeded. You may please of my loue - to deeme as of your owne deseuinges the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_148">148</span> foundation whereof cannot - bee so slender, as whereon so weake a thinge as fancie shoulde bee - grounded. But as your <em>vertues</em> are permanent, so may you iudge of - my loue to be perpetuall. Let it once more accord with your curteous - consent, that these letters with the first may haue the like fauourable - acceptaunce, whereby you shall kindle in mee no other or greater - presumption, then what best fitteth vnto the woorthinesse both of your - <em>vertue</em> and calling. With heartes longing and sighes sending, my - Letters, and well wishinges speede them togethers, crauing that you - will euer holde and deeme of me, as of him that in all protested faith, - loue and loyaltie, is and will bee alwaies.</p> - - <p class="right">Yours, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An answere vnto the second Letter.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIr, your message is vnto mee as strange as your selfe, who are vnto - me a stranger, & what your good meaning vnto me is, I knowe not, - for giuing of hastie credite to your assertions, as you seem not - to chalenge it, so was I neuer hetherto of my self so hastie to do - it, hauing eftsoones bene taught, that of fairest speaches ensueth - often the fowlest actions: I cannot condemne your purpose, because I - entende the best of your dealings, and howbeit I am in no point so - restrained, but that in all reasonable sort that may be, anie accesse - may be granted: so when you shall by further notice sufficientlie make - apparant that with modestie I may doe it, I shall bee willing so farre - foorth as my yeares and present beeing, may minister occasion, in anie - thankfull requitall that may bee to yeelde my selfe vnto you. Till - which time I returne your token againe and my hartie thankes vnto you - by this bearer.</p> - - <p class="right">Your friend as one vnacquainted<br /> - <span class="mr5">hetherto may be, &c.</span></p> - - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="figcenter illowp83 mt10" style="max-width: 45.9375em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_156.jpg" width="1000" height="222" alt="" /> - </div> - - <div class="chapter"> - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_1a">1</span> - <h2 id="Part_2"><span class="xxlarge1">THE SECOND PART OF</span><br /> - <span class="xxlarge">the English Secretorie.</span></h2> - </div> - - <h3 id="Chap_1a"><i>Of Epistles Iudiciall. Chap 1.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_a4.png" width="120" height="120" alt='A' /></span>S - I haue already exampled vnto you all sortes of <em>Epistles</em>, - contained vnder the two titles of <em>Demonstratiue</em>, and - <em>Deliberatiue</em>: So by the order and disposition formerlie vsed, it - behooueth (as nexte in course) I doe nowe come vnto the title - <em>Iudiciall</em>. Why this title is so called, I haue in that other booke - alreadie deliuered. So that nowe it may séeme fit, that herein as in - the other twaine before going, we deliberate what order and places - for the well handling and proper conueyance of <em>Epistles</em>, are - principallie to be obserued.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">You shall then vnderstand, that for so much as the efficacie of - this title is wholie caried in cause of <em>Accusation</em>, <em>Inuectiue</em>, - <em>Charge</em>, or <em>defence</em>, the matters whereof are wholie - censured by lawe, by common reputation, by custome, by authoritie - or by iudgement, the <em>Rhetoricians</em>, for the more excellent - setting foorth of the <em>Oratoriec</em> partes hereof, haue vnto the - generalitie of the same, allotted thrée states or principall heades, - whereout by imitation, all our <em>Epistles</em> vnder this title are - wholie to be caried. The first is called <em>Coniecturall</em>, that - is, where a matter by coniecture onlie of time, place, estate, or - condition of the person, or other likelihoodes to the same agréeing, - may be supposed or enforced.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The second is <em>Iuridicial</em>, wherein not by coniecture, but - by matter in action, sentence, lawe, or iudgemente, wee aggrauate the - cause in question, in which remaineth the qualitie, circumstance, or - greatnes to be decided, and howe vehementlie or slenderlie it hurteth - or importeth.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_2a">2</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">The third is tearmed <i lang="la">Legitima</i>, which by - <em>Lawes</em>, <em>customes</em>, <em>common vsage</em>, or <em>allowance</em>, defineth - a thing to bee good or bad, tolerable or not to be suffered. Out of - these heades ariseth the plentie of all our following diuisions, - which also hereafter are in their places to be collected, the - first whereof, containing matter of <em>Accusation</em> or - <em>Charge</em>, may be saide to be <em>Accusatorie</em>, <em>Expostulatorie</em>, - <em>Exprobratorie</em>, <em>Comminatorie</em> and <em>Inuectiue</em>. The Second, - beeing <em>Responsorie</em> to either of these, may be saide to be - <em>Excusatorie</em>, <em>Purgatorie</em>, <em>Defensorie</em> or <em>Deprecatorie</em>. The - compasse aswell of the one as the other, either for matters - <em>accused</em>, <em>obiected</em>, <em>purged</em>, <em>excused</em>, <em>entreated for</em>, or - <em>Defended</em>, are simply or wholie included vnder all or one of these - heads before remembred.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The efficacie of either of these, aswell for inforcementes, as - for clearing or auoydance of anie matter do séeme to be drawne, - <i lang="la">per locos absolutes</i>, places absolute, and <i lang="la">locos - assumptiuos</i>, places assumptiue.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i lang="la">Loci absoluti</i> are such, as containe in them enforcementes - not to be auoided, whether it be in charge, matter <em>inuectiue</em>, - or <em>defence</em>, for that they are collected of vnauoidable - groundes, that is to say, of <em>Nature</em>, <em>Lawe</em>, <em>Custome</em>, <em>Contract</em>, - <em>common allowance</em>, <em>Righte</em>, <em>Lawfull</em> and <em>Good Sentence</em> - and <em>Iudgement</em>. These aswell to the state <em>Iuridiciall</em>, - as to the other of <i lang="la">legitima</i>, are alike ordinarie - and common, this onely difference, that in that of <em>Iuridicial</em>, - they are all enforced to condemnation: in that of - <i lang="la">legitima</i>, censured by their qualitie, vse or toleration.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i lang="la">Loci assumptiui</i>, are only collections by coniecture, and - not matter in certainty, but such as may be vrged by likelihoods yet - greatly enforce to accusation, and serue alike to mitigate by defence - or excusing, this to the state <em>Coniecturall</em>, and this of - Juridiciall doe remaine alike common.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The parts and places <em>Cōiectural</em>, for the heaping of - likelihoods, either to accuse, excuse, purge or defend, haue respect - vnto the <em>Wil</em>, <em>dispositiō</em>, or <em>ability</em> of any one. - The <em>Wil</em> is searched by the outward quality or condition of - a man, by his readines, hate, affection, or mislike to a thing, - <em>Dispositiō</em>, by the country or soil wherein one is borne, as if wee - shoulde say at this presente of a forraine aduersarie, <em>Hee is a - Spaniard, how can hee beare good will to England</em>?<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3a">3</span> - By his ofspring, as if we should saie, <em>Being born, and bred of lewde parents, how - can the issue be good</em>. By his education, as thus, <em>He was so - looselie trained vp, and so vilelie inured, that there is no hope - at all to be in him expected</em>. By his studies, as to saie, - <em>Consider but the application of his whole manner of liuing, weigh - his continuall practises, see but into his particular and ordinarie - studies, and then tell mee what you may iustlie suppose of the residue - of his beeing</em>. And likewise by sundrie other circumstances. - <em>Abilitie</em> is vrged by <em>Oportunitie</em>, by <em>Time</em> - and <em>Place</em>, <em>Aydes</em> or <em>Supportes</em>, and the means of - either of these, measured by the credite, affection, want, companie, - conceit, or instabilitie of the person we goe about to accuse, excuse, - purge or defend.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Thus haue I largelie deliuered vnto you, the sum and scope of - what in speciall to be intended vnder this title, the vse and more - particular shew whereof shall bee by their seuerall Epistles more - amplie explaned vnto you. And howbeit I could here a little dwel by - some continued discourse, in the commendable aduancement vnto you of - the woorthinesse of this present part we haue now in hand of well - writing, wherein not onelie these places alreadie remembred, but - in a manner all other partes of the <em>Deliberatiue</em> and - <em>Demonstratiue</em> kinde are most plentifullie accited: Yet will I but - remember vnto you howe effectuallie by the well handling of anie the - particulars therunto belonging, and howe farre more singularlie then - in anie others, the excellencie of a good witte and a quicke, and fine - inuention is most fullie deciphered, feeling that in the occurrents - heereof, the writer is neuer tyed to anie one course in particular, but - hath scope to wade into all things in generall.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">For that by the verie order of these Epistles, hee shall sundrie - times haue occasion to vse the partes <em>Descriptorie</em>, <em>Laudatorie</em>, - <em>Vituperatorie</em>, <em>Hortatorie</em>, <em>Swasorie</em>, <em>Disswasorie</em>, <em>Petitorie</em>, <em>Monitorie</em>, - <em>Conciliatorie</em>, <em>Reprehensorie</em>, and at many times diuers or the most - part of them altogithers. Wherefore leauing any further respect hereof, - vnto the ready conceite of such as thereunto may bee enabled, we will - proceed vnto the rest.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The partes for <em>Disposition</em> required in these Epistles, - are as in the others before going, that is to saie: <em>Exordium</em>, - <em>Narratiō</em>, <span class="pagenum" id="Page_4a">4</span> - or <i>Propositiō</i>, <i>Confirmatiō</i>, <i>Confutatiō</i>, and <i>Peroratiō</i>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The first of the distinctions vnder this part Iudiciall to be - prosecuted, appeareth to be <em>Accusatorie</em>, which either simplie - by coniectures, or by matter of knowne or verily supposed troth, as you - haue before remembred, or both wayes at once, may bee conueyed. Whereof - the first in sequence which I will deliuer vnto you for example, shall - be in the state coniecturall, which being framed to be questionable - betwéene a Merchant and his seruant, falleth out in sort following to - be performed.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Accusatorie in the state Coniecturall, from<br /> - a merchant to the father of his seruant.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIr, you will perchaunce maruell<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> to see the sudden accesse of these my - letters vnto you, togither with the hastie repaire of my man, (such as - heretofore hath not beene accustomed betweene you and me, sithence our - formost acquaintance) but to stay that doubt, and to enforme you at - large, what vrgent occasion I haue so to doe, it may please you with - as little discontentment as may bee, to giue your selfe to the view of - these Letters, and thereupon to censure on my behalfe the matter of the - same accordinglie.</p> - - <p>Your sonne sir,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> who nowe these three yeares passed to your good lyking - hath continued in my seruice, and whome your selfe doe verie well - knowe, that for the reputation of his parentes and friendes, I alwayes - for the most part haue entertayned with especiall trust and regarde, - beeing this last Summer returned out of Barbarie, with an aduenture - in a shippe of mine owne, I did vpon great choyce, immediatelie after - his account deliuered, place in the ouersight, disposition and rule - of all my whole goodes, stocke, and Merchandise. And in expectation - and assurance of his especiall and more then ordinarie care and good - behauiour therein, did about September last (vppon a iourney which I - had to the North partes with diuerse of my nearest friendes, whereby I - was compelled to bee foorth by the space of two Monethes) commit vnto - his like credites, the custodie of diuers summes of money alreadie - receyued, as also the collection and further receyte of sundrie other - paymentes of great waight, at the dayes and times wherein they were - payable, by him to my vse to bee reserued and layde<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5a">5</span> vp, sithence - which, by what sinister humour I knowe not, nor by what vntoward - conceit can I yet imagine, in the time of my absence, and a little - before my returne homewards, hee is gone away, no man knoweth whither. - Vpon the newes whereof being greatly aflighted, I haste to his counting - house, search his bookes of receits and paiments, and there withall - breake open his deske and coffers, in which after all reckoninges - fullie perused and considered of, I find my selfe to bee backewards of - diuers allowances, the certainty whereof I cannot yet determine, but - the greatnesse by the likelihoode, is verie vehemently to be suspected, - by reason that in this sort, without anie other occasion he is fled, - and from so great a charge without knowledge of anie one about me, so - suddenly departed.</p> - - <p>What presumptions I haue, and those verie large, by such kinde of - dealing, whereby I may iustly burthen him, you may heereby coniecture, - as first his disposition, giuen (as sithence hath verie crediblie bin - reported vnto me) to be verie prodigall, & of most excessiue expence, - then the occasion offered by such immoderate confidence in him reposed: - next, the vncontrolled rule hee bare throughout all my dealings: - lastlie the time and secrecie of his departure, beeing thus hasted in - mine absence, and here withall some such things which are missing, as - whereof none were priuie but himselfe, and whereunto no accesse could - bee without himselfe. Insomuch as the losse which I reckon of, and - wherefro I can yet finde no release, by reason of this his vnknowne - departure, cannot (for ought I hitherto perceiue) amount to so little - as CC.li.</p> - - <p>By some fewe that since his going away haue encountred with him, - it appeareth, that not onelie he is well monied, but also of his - iourneying Westward, whereby I am led to thinke his resort to be no - way so likelie, as to you which are his father, or to some other his - friends there about you. For which cause I haue directed these togither - with my man, as well to referre vnto your consideration what hath - passed, as also to pray that by your due search and examination of the - action, both his person may be answered, and my suspition of him the - better and more manifestly be cleared: and euen so recommending my - selfe and cause to the furtherance of your good direction, I take my - leaue. This of, &c.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_6a">6</span></p> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">THis letter hauing direction from the maister to the father, in - seeming a Gentleman of some good account, we will according thereunto - frame you an answer, which in this place according to the nature - thereof may be tearmed <em>Excusatorie</em>. The conueiance of which, - either lesseneth by vehement likelihoods the qualitie of the offence, - or otherwise (though not clearlie auoydeth) yet by the naked truth - or simplicitie of the action it selfe, maketh it seeme of farre - more slender moment or importance, then before it might haue béene - coniectured. And forasmuch as the father was a by partie to the wrong - suggested, and onely in that it was his son, and the reformation of the - thing opposed, might by him in some sort bee redressed or recompenced, - wee will suppose herein the Letter in forme following by him to be - answered, and the residue vnspoken of to be left to the purgation or - defence of the other on whome the fault is charged, and to whome in - particular, it belongeth to sée the same answered.</p> - - <h4><i>An example excusatorie returned to the effects of this coniectural epistle,<br /> - from the father to whome the same was written.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MAister R. I haue receyued your Letter, to no small griefe (at the - first) of my priuate conceyts, but sithence hauing examined the matter - am somewhat deliuered of doubt, by the satisfaction that in search of - the cause I haue alreadie receyued. My sonne (as you write) was here in - the Countrey, at my brothers house, not farre from mine owne dwelling, - and yet so newlie come thither, as he had reposed himselfe but one - night ere the sight of your present Letters and messenger were arriued.</p> - - <p>To the action wherewith you do charge him, I can say nothing more then - that himselfe hath written, which agreeing with the formost speech, and - first examination had by his Vncle, I must hold as yet vndetermined - till I heare your further answer. For the coniectures you haue - deliuered, whereby to induce that you are a greater looser by him then - without further grounde I can hitherto imagine. I aunswere thus much, - that the alteration were verie strange, and humour too sudden, to finde - him now so lauish, whom before time your selfe haue commended to bee so - frugall, and especiallie in whatsoeuer<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7a">7</span> to his charge and gouernment - hath by you beene committed.</p> - - <p>To the residue I will be silent, because himselfe that first bredde the - occasion appeareth meetest to answere it.</p> - - <p>If I heare not from you before the middle of this tearme, my intent - is by Gods grace to bee at London, where your apprentice and my sonne - shall be in person forth comming vnto you. At which time if I find - farther defects, or more equitie to charge him, contrarying to that - which alreadie haue bin answered by him, he shal not be mine by anie - his ill dealings to be vpholden, but yours as belongeth in any sort you - like to chastise him. And euen so recommending my selfe heartilie vnto - you, I do bid you farewell. This of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An example Purgatorie from the partie chalenged in answer of the<br /> - Epistle accusatorie before remembred.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">IT may please you sir, on Munday last, beeing the next day after - my comming to my Vncles,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> he sending to T. to my fathers house to - vnderstand his pleasure, worde was returned immediatelie, of a - messenger and letters receyued from you, whereby it was my fathers - pleasure to commaund me to his presence, and to require mine vncle to - be there present also in companie.</p> - - <p>At my comming thither, many things were laid forth as wel by your - writing, as by the mouth of your man, how grieuouslie you were damaged - both by diuers summes wherein you were short in reckoning, and other - thinges by you missing, vppon my running away (as you tearme it)<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> the - muchnesse whereof was not so much enlarged by your letter, as the - ouerlauish deliuerie of your man had to the great encrease of ill - opinion in my father, with diuers vnbeseeming tearmes, augmented the - same.</p> - - <p>And nowithstanding I had in mine own conscience sufficientlie, and with - sound appearing trueth to the viewe of others answered the occasion, - yet forasmuch as neither seemed the same a full satisfaction to my - father, nor a matter clearlye auoided towardes you, till in your plaine - and certain notice, I had also confirmed the same, I was commaunded - by him to write what I there affirmed, and accordinglie to aduertize - you of the state of your busines, and inualidity of your coniectures, - that by the verity thereof I might with more liking - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_8a">8</span> be reputed of, and - himselfe haue lesse cause then he supposed whereat to be grieued.</p> - - <p>To the matter of your letter, whereby I am accused, and in which you - saie you are backward I knowe not in what, it appeareth that for the - finding out of the certaintie or likelihoode thereof you entred vpon my - desk and coffers, and searched my books of account and payments, which - beeing so, if you were as circumspect in my behalfe, as you were in a - rash surmize of your own harmes, you might haue assured yourselfe, for - to haue found no one penie of any summe wanting at all, or where any - was missing, either by exchange at your own appointment, or vpon other - good occasions to haue also seene howe the same was bestowed, or where, - or vpon what it was els where imploied.</p> - - <p>For your better assurance wherein (if hitherto you vnderstande not so - much) my boxe marked with this letter A. lying in the neather parte - of my deske, will confirme the same. And least I might be deceiued - in ought, before your comming, by the sinister practise of some such - as had more enuie at my honest credite with you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonimia.</i></span> than care of your - good (whereof I mistake not at all, if I iudge this <em>viper</em> to - be one) I not onelie reserued notes of euerie thing, caused one whome - you will beleeue (though to what purpose I protest hee then knewe not) - not onelie to tell euerie summe of money remaining in euerie bagge, - and to see the same sealed vp, but also to set his hand to my notes, - as witnesse to the same, so much I knowe I lefte, and of the residue - the declaration of a trueth shall bee witnesse sufficient of mine owne - fidelitie.</p> - - <p>Finallie, touching the likelihood of my going awaie without knowledge, - and that also in your absence, to bee a token of some waste or wrōg - to you offered, which you value not to be so litle as CC. poūds, I - trust sir (albeit the sum be great where little remaineth, and if - also it were lesse, it were yet too much to bee lost) your selfe - notwithstanding can tell verie well, that more then once I haue bin - credited with ten times the value of that at your handes, when by great - similitude, I could with more facilitie haue benefited my selfe to a - farre greater value, if I had bin so disposed, then what herein to be - accompted of, and (if so I had beene then also minded) coulde haue been - therewith farther out of your reach then euer I yet entended. And where - you suggest that it is sithence told you of my lauish expence, I can - thereunto<span class="pagenum" id="Page_9a">9</span> say nothing more then euerie one knoweth, that trulie will - speake of me, and so you find not the hindrance in your owne accompte. - I trust you will beare equallie what in others opinions maie bee - construed of reasonablie.</p> - - <p>My going away is apparant, I cannot denie it, wherein if happelie - I haue done more then beseemeth, yet none so much as my selfe hath - thereby beene wronged, for that such occasion hath by meanes thereof - ensued, whereby my credite by sinister reports hath so greatly been - hazarded, yet was not yᵉ same altogether done without cause, nor voide - of honest excuse, for if either I had beene certaine of your so speedie - returne, or had not had so presumptuous an intruder vppon the trust - to mee committed (as at my comming to London I shall make more plaine - vnto you) I had not done as I did. And this assure your selfe sir, that - howe farre soeuer you imagine or are informed, that mine vncontrouled - rule in your house stretched, if I might with performaunce of as honest - trust haue discharged the same vnto you, as I alwaies had endeuoured, I - neither had lefte your house or stocke, to haue depended vpon so harde - supposed reckoning, nor lost you one houres commoditie of my seruices, - as you nowe challenge me to haue done.</p> - - <p>My endeuour towardes my self,<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> my fathers care, and your woonted good - opinion, hath mooued mee in sort as you see, to giue items of those - whome iustlie I am to complaine of, and to praie you that surceasing - all other surmizes vppon our hastie comming to London you will more - circumspectly in the meane time consider both of your dealings and my - writing, which in as dutifull manner as beseemeth, eftsoons crauing at - your handes, I doe (as euer I haue been) remaine, and take my leaue, &c.</p> - - <div class="right">Your seruant confirmed in all fidelity<br /> - <span class="mr5">towards you, &c.</span></div> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Accusatorie in the state Iuridiciall<br /> - and Coniecturall.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">INiurious R. iniurious I maie iustlie tearme thee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium,<br />Anadiplosis.</i></span> whose long - acquaintance with mee, and interchangeable good liking passing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10a">10</span> - betweene vs, bredde yet so little respect in the waight of the same, - as could not forwarne me of an euill so imminent, by meanes whereof - I doubt and cannot forbeare to thinke, but that I am vtterly induced - to the shipwracke of mine owne estate, and burthened with such - infortunitie, as I shall neuer cease to remember.</p> - - <p>But why (sencelesse as I am)<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> make I doubt vnto thee of that, whereof - both the condition, abilitie, disposition, and euerie accident and - circumstance of the partie, whom I am forced to accuse, beareth so - sound witnesse, as if men and Angels should goe about to countermaunde - the same, not beeing able by a more certaine veritie in open shewe to - impugne it, there is none I am sure would beleeue no anie one that in - respect of the manifolde likelihoodes thereof,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metanoia.</i></span> would almost so much as - vouchsafe to hearken vnto it.</p> - - <p>But if in the foremost deliuerie of these thou alreadie musest, and art - desirous to be resolued what it is, wherein so questionles I deeme my - selfe thus deepelie to be wronged: knowe then, that finding here at L. - thy kinsman, thy vnhappie kinsman, wandering as a straunger,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epizeuxis.</i></span> conuersant - with badde fellowes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> threedbare in apparell, forsaken of his neerest - kindred and friendes, readie to perish almost for want of foode, and - so pennilesse, and therewithall estraunged from all good account, as - beeing amongest other lewde persons, brought before a Iustice vppon - suspition of his wretched liuing, my selfe beeing in presence, and - taking vppon mee in hearing of his name, to bee knowing both of his - parentes and Countrey,<span class="sidenote"><i>Irmus.</i></span> had such credite with the Iustice, as hee - foorthwith discharged him, wherewith not contented I did for thy sake,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> - and in regarde of thee alone, take him home to my lodging, apparelled - him, saued his life, recouered againe his lost credite, and restored - him: Were not these benefites, thinkest thou sufficient to binde an - honest nature,<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> to thinke himselfe beholding to such a one? Happie had - I then beene, if neuer more had I intermedled with him,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parison.</i></span> neuer better - regarded him, or at no time after giuen farther credite and liking vnto - him. Alas, was it alone my chance among so manie that had cast him off,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> - euen then to entertaine him, to relieue him,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> to reckon of him, nay - rather beyond all reason (as thy selfe by the sequell wilt confesse) so - farre foorth to dote of him, as nourishing my secrete mischiefe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> as it - were in mine owne lodging, vnder the shadowe of mine owne couert,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> yea - in my verie bosome, I<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11a">11</span> - must lead him yet farther along, in the end to - spoile me, and to meditate nothing so much, as my intended destruction?</p> - - <p>Thou maruellest I know to heare this<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradoxon.</i></span> (and strange & most strange it is - I must confesse) but yet true, and if not in him true, then in no other - true, by all likehoodes. But ere I farther report vnto thee, howe and - by what accident encreased my griefe, let mee yet shew thee more what - I did vnto him.<span class="sidenote"><i>Periphrasis.</i></span> So ordered the vnluckie starres my cruel Fate, and in - such (more then disordered maner) wrought the heauens against mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> as - albeit here at L. (for I must needes deliuer a truth vnto thee) he - was greatly desirous and became an earnest suter, I shoulde euen at - that time leaue him:<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> yet pressed by mine one misfortune, and more then - tolerable liking, nothing regarding, or so much as once remembring in - what worse estate I might haue conceiued him,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i></span> I bethought my selfe he - was a Gentleman, bredde of good and vertuous parents worshipfullie - allied. In their Countrey whilome well reputed, and if anie defect had - before befallen him,<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> I knewe hee was a yonger brother, and want of - liuing and maintenance might impaire him, I had no sonne of mine owne, - his learning and other qualities (not to bee despised) drewe more and - more fancie vnto him: what should I say?<span class="sidenote"><i>Aporia.</i></span> I rendred vnto him all account - and preferment that lay in my possibilitie to procure him: and shortlie - to conclude, into the Countrey (furnished in the best part according to - his calling) I took him with me.</p> - - <p>If I should say to thee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> that his demeanour, his attendaunce, his - forwardnesse in all thinges to my noted liking, his outwarde shew in - whatsoeuer action vnto mee seeming to bee pleasing,<span class="sidenote"><i>Liptote.</i></span> did not of it - selfe appeare to chalenge so much, I shoulde lie vnto thee. But what - of that,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> howe is falshoode couered, but by the daintiest glosse, where - lurketh craft, if not in the shade of most simplicitie?<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> Coulde the - Syren deceyue, if shee had no song? Which way should men bee bewitched, - if there were no meane of inchauntment? But did hee in the ende prooue - such in deede,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> as he seemed, or hereunto appertained? No, no. God - knowes he failed much therein, yea, hee was too farre from it.<span class="sidenote"><i>Polyptoton.</i></span> See then - how much beyond my selfe I was, that beeing thus intreated to discharge - my selfe of mine owne bane,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> would yet allure both Gods and men, to - bring into my bosome the purport of mine owne secrete and vnknowne - mischiefe.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_12a">12</span></p> - - <p>Christmasse nowe drewe on, after that a good time we had remained in - the Countrey,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metalepsis.</i></span> alas that times ordained and sacred to holie purposes, - should become ayders and furtherers to mens vile imaginations. In this - time, whilest all mens mindes were busied and occupied in dauncing, - banquetting and feasting, as vse and custome, and season of the yeare - had of auncient times induced, whilest the Hall was full of all sortes - of people,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> reuelling, playing, and occupyed in pastime, my daughter (O - griefe to thinke on, and heauiest sound to remember)<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> my onelie daughter - was at bed-time missing: Search was made heere and there,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i></span> inquisition - of this partie and that, this way ranne one, that waie another, the - house was troubled and filled with all hurlie burlie, onelie wading - further into the matter, and her Chamber throughlie perused,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> her - apparell was missing, Chests broken vp, iewels bereaued, mine owne - lodging spoyled, and in the ende, I sawe and found my selfe in what - cruell sort that might be robbed.</p> - - <p>Hereupon grew suspition,<span class="sidenote"><i>Climax.</i></span> and of suspition arised matter of likelihood, - and of likelihood at last, assured and most probable coniectures. - One while this man was brought in suspect,<span class="sidenote"><i>Polyptoton.</i></span> another while that partie - chalenged, then he was misdeemed, and another againe culpable adiudged, - but all in vaine. For hardly could my mind suppose, that hee to whom - my thoughts were so sincerely tied<span class="sidenote"><i>Periphrasis.</i></span> in all more then common affection, - would so farre forth haue beene estraunged, as at any time to become - weeting of my intended harmes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Auxesis.</i></span> neuer a conspiratour, much lesse an - executour. But wicked and vile conceited <em>fraud</em>, what cannot - dissimulation,<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> in cloake of sugred guile vnder thy title put forward. - <span class="sidenote"><i>Prosopopœia.</i></span>And yet might my ignoraunce herein verie well haue become excusable, - for a seuen night before that time,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epizeuxis.</i></span> that luckles time in which this - action was concluded<span class="sidenote"><i>Parenthesis.</i></span> (for long before was it purposed) your kinsman by - my allowance and good will had taken leaue, and seemed to be departed, - to goe into N. to visite his friends, whose absence besides the little - matter that euer in him I supposed to be hereunto sounding,<span class="sidenote"><i>Irmus.</i></span> and euerie - other circumstance conducing in all his common behauiours, not so much - as in shewe to giue a shadowe of this or any such like pretence, could - neuer haue induced mee to the least imagination at all, that hee of all - others, would haue offered to be seene in anie such thing.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_13a">13</span></p> - - <p>But if you will nowe aske mee what presumption<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> I haue then to charge - him more then another, in whome so little matter of suspition coulde - before time bee conceyued, I will aunswere yee. The presumptions are, - their conuersing together in one place, besides that, shee is by his - directions at L. and placed at his finding, that his pretence of going - away, was to depart into N. the deuise whereof appeareth nowe but a - plaine colour, to haue procured this vnhappinesse. Of all which I am so - surelie assertayned by the credible report of a Gentleman, so honest, - and of reputation so sufficient, as whereof I need to make no question. - For once they being togither, and in such sort as is deliuered,<span class="sidenote"><i>Expeditiō.</i></span> argueth - the circumstaunce of his going to N. to bee but a meere disguising, his - intent eyther onelie to bee a meane with lesse suspition to compasse - her, and so consequentlie to betraie her, the stocke whereupon they - liue, to bee my wealth, and what from mee is robbed and vnkindlie - bereaued, howe can it otherwise choose?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> is not the matter plaine and - euident? how else should he see her,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> compasse her, receyue her, and in - such sort entertaine her?</p> - - <p>If these bee supposes, then what may bee serious,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitropis.</i></span> if such assured notes - as these seeme trifles, what then can bee sayde to bee certaine? and - yet long was it I must needes bewraie, ere my selfe could conceyue - the similitude it bare of trueth,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> so harde a matter it is where good - opinion is once rooted, by the veritie it selfe, almost to driue out - the same. But nowe sounding deeper into the action, I finde both will - and abilitie in each poynt so furthering, as without I determined to - winke still in mine owne blindnesse,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> I must renounce all fauourable - conceyte, and vtterlie confesse the same to bee but an errour.</p> - - <p>For hauing waded into euerie deepe conceite,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodis.</i></span> and imagination of the - accident, well weighing with my selfe also what maner a one the - partie hath beene,<span class="sidenote"><i>Parison.</i></span> how euill vnto mee sithence he hath likewise beene - reported of, how vilelie before my receit of him hee was generally - demeaned, with what base people and men of basest reckoning I found him - accompanied: I do immediatelie condemne my selfe that was so sottish - as to expect any other euent at his handes, then what hath alreadie - succeeded, seeing where so manie euil dispositions haue bene before - time abounding, it is not easily noted that from such a one any - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_14a">14</span> good - at all coulde bee at anie season proceeding. But too late nowe to my - no small griefe, doe I fall into this reckoning, which wisedome would - before haue preuented, and more circumspectlie haue intended to.<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> For - whence (if I trulie shoulde speake of the action) ensued this abilitie? - Was it not the fauour and especiall liking wherewith I receyued him? - <span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span>Howe could hee else haue presumed on it? Howe could he haue sought it? - Howe could he haue done it? But not for this doe I accuse thee my R. - as either accessarie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> or fauourer of so badde and vnkinde a purpose, - but for thou knowing his course of life, weeting of my well deeming, - assured of his beeing with me, hauing reported vnto thee in what degree - I did credite him, woulde notwithstanding not so much as tell mee of - him,<span class="sidenote"><i>Conoratiō.</i></span> nor suffer mee by thy gentle admonition so much as to surmize how - I might bee deceiued by him.</p> - - <p>Let I pray thee the sorrowfull demonstration<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> of these my Letters bee - a meane vnto thee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> as thou louest mee, tenderest mee, and carest for - me, to search out the truth, the state and circumstance of the thing, - and yet (forlorne as I am) seeke I therein but mine owne sorrow, for - neuer shall I like of him, care for her, or hardlie after this in any - sort abide her. Yet for my minde desireth to be resolued (though euen - in these verie wordes deliuering I doe not seeme to doubt) let me - receyue the plentie thereof at large, bee it that the resolution be a - confirmation of mine owne vnhappinesse, the force whereof beeing past - remedie I must support as I can, and seeke as I may to endure the rest - with patience.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter defensorie answering by confutation all the obiections<br /> - in this former Epistle surmized.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">IT is sir,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> accustomed that men in griefe of minde doe often speake - diuers things, for which in respect of their sorow they seeme to - deserue many wayes to be pardoned,<span class="sidenote"><i>Insinuatiō.</i></span> according to which, your selfe - hauing of late sustained some aduerse hap, do what by surmises, & what - by misreports, seeme to be at oddes with your owne liking, and vpon - a sodein to become enraged with your owne fancie. In the course of - your whole letter viewing the wrong you haue sustained, & the extreame - disquiet wherewith you are perplexed, I pittie your misfortune,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15a">15</span> and - as a friende doe inwardlie grieue at that wherewith you are troubled, - wishing that either I had abilitie to redresse the matter to your - liking, or otherwise that my wordes were of weight to perswade you, - that with the extremity thereof you would not so greatly be moued.</p> - - <p>Touching my kinsman,<span class="sidenote"><i>Polyptoton.</i></span> whome for my sake in such sort as you write you - receiued, and to whome vpon the outward deserte of his behauiour you - vouchsafed such entertainement, and vppon whose absence and departure - (albeit with your good liking) you seeke to intrude the summe of all - your vnhappinesse and misfortune. Hee is not indeede at this instant - here in the countrey, but as I deeme and you haue informed, about - London. Neuerthelesse for so much as it seemeth by your writing, - and also by his thankful acknowledgement and deliuery, both vnto me - and others, how much he hath stoode beholding vnto you, and that it - standeth to bee parcel of a gentle mind, as wel to recognise a good - turne, as to remoue by a louing censure an ill opinion, where the same - rather of griefe then of malice is vniustlie conceiued (notwithstanding - I may not so effectually speake to the purpose, as if himselfe were - personally present) I will endeuour vpon mine owne knowledge as farre - as I may, and so much as in truth I canne lawfully iustifie, hereby - to satisfie you, and if it bee possible to expell those causelesse - coniectures of him, that in such sort doe annoie you.</p> - - <p>To the matter therefore wherewith you are grieued,<span class="sidenote"><i>Apostrophe.</i></span> I thus much dare - affirme vnto you in his behalfe, that in all your imaginations you haue - greatly misconceiued, and the reasons leading me thereunto are these.</p> - - <p>First, where your selfe doe confesse that the onely matter you haue - in apparance inducing you to accuse him, is the credible report of a - friende of yours,<span class="sidenote">Answere to the cause of coniecture.</span> that sawe him and your daughter at London, and a - suppose thereby, that shee is at his disposition, and the theft of - your goodes to them both an indifferent finding. I saie the validitie - of all this is nothing,<span class="sidenote"><i>Procatalepsis.</i></span> for omitting that by diuers casualties men and - women at aduenture doe daily meete, experience whereof is in common vse - amongst our selues, and euen then when we least do thinke of it, and - most woulde woonder at it, the reason whereof I ouerpasse, because to - the accident I am but a straunger, what reason - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_16a">16</span> haue you so resolutelie - to thinke that the expenses whereon they remaine (so bee it they doe - as you alleadge continue togethers) must onelie bee drawne out from - that part of your lost substaunce, and so by consequence aggrauate a - likelihoode of his stealing your daughter? I neede not I trust perswade - you of his kindred, nor abilitie of his friendes, it resteth not in - doubt, you knowe it: then vnderstande you sir, it may also bee as - possible, that some one or other of them might at the length by some - more gentle motion then before time tender his good. Whereof I need - make no question, my selfe can assure you, for that an Aunt of his - dying of late, left him possessions to three hundred poundes value, - which beeing at his choise either to accept a diuision or money, it - is like he hath the coine and let the lande goe, and therupon is - the better enabled to do what is reported vnto you both for her and - himselfe.</p> - - <p>Hereupon you begin to call in reckoning his life, and I knowe not - what late reportes and informations of his liuing, to coniecture - thereupon his common disposition and ill vsage, with abilitie to doe - you a displeasure,<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> performed by your owne countenance. Alas sir, why - shuld you be so far led awry by these vncertainties? Know ye not that - reportes are manie times slaunders? and that men for the most parte - speake generallie when they find a man in any sort to be iniured - particularlie?<span class="sidenote"><i>Dichologia.</i></span> Hee is my kinsman I confesse, but not for that would I - yet defende him in his treacheries, but for mine owne knowledge of him - from the beginning, canne I witnesse the contrarie, I must tell you to - conclude thereupon, you do him small equitie. What if hee fell into - your notice by a little penurie?<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthipophora.</i></span> Manie an innocent and good man by want - hath beene driuen to ill companie, yet themselues vnknowing,<span class="sidenote"><i>Pleonasmus.</i></span> and not - weeting at all of their facultie, and so truelie may I herein deeme of - him, gladlie in the meane time thanking you, and himselfe eftsoones - confessing the weight hee then receiued of your curtesie.</p> - - <p>And if we shall aunswere likelihoodes againe by coniectures, why may - not (I pray ye) the carefull endeuor and diligent aduerting, your - selfe doe confesse in all his continuance to haue remained in him - towards your liking,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> be as well a testimony of his honest affection, - and glad indeuor to recompence by any seruice your kindnes, as vpon - his naked sole information, you would goe about to wrest it as a token - of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17a">17</span> dissembled iniurie?<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonoia.</i></span> - Nay rather why may not the suppose thereof bee - forcible to quench any other conceipt to the contrarie, seeing in the - reuolution of the same, you also doe graunt, that in all his behauiour - you neuer sawe so much as one suspect, whereby so farre as you are - gone, in such sort to induce you? For my part if we shal studie to - measure the conditions of men aright, I am of opinion that wee ought - rather to credit the vse and practise daily seene before our eies, then - by any misreport or vnseemely coniecture to giue scope vnto our owne - imagination or a selfe willed fantasie.</p> - - <p>Honest gratuity and dissembled trechery, seldom in my conceipt, do - drawe in one line togethers,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthithesis.</i></span> thankefull I doe know him vnto you for any - benefite,<span class="sidenote"><i>Dialysis.</i></span> for I haue seene him more then once, and that most feruentlie - to professe it, how he should halt with you by nature I finde not, as - whereunto I neuer saw him addicted: besides, thus much can I yet say - more to ascertaine you, that about the time mentioned in your Letter, - hee came hither to visite vs, sithence which till within this fortnight - he remained with vs. After about the receipt of his money, and for the - conclusion of that agreement, hee was disposed to London. There what - hath betided him I cannot rightlie enforme you, yet may the apparance - hereof bee sufficient, by good reason to assure you, that beeing thus - continued,<span class="sidenote"><i>Confutatiō.</i></span> as I haue declared, hee coulde verie hardly and almost - without possibilitie, haue beene so forwardes in the matter as hath - beene suggested by you.</p> - - <p>In respect of your ancient amity and acquaintance, I doe yet pray - you, that you wil be recomforted of your griefes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> opposing vnto your - selfe this one assurance, that by some strange euent your daughter is - happened to his knowledge, and this fixed hope that by beeing with him, - she is retained to her best safegard, who as well in respect of the - accompt he beareth vnto you, as of the curteous regard it is most like - he carieth vnto her, hath vpon some vrgent businesse beene compelled to - stay her, determining in some conueniuent time, I warrant you to your - comforte and his credite and good opinion to be encreased, to returne - her vnto you. Not being vnmindfull howe much I haue heretofore beene - staied, both to thinke woorthilie of you, and to thanke you, I doe for - the present bid you most hartile farewell. T. this of, &c.</p> - - <div class="chapter"> - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_18a">18</span> - <h3 id="Chap_2a">Of Epistles Expostulatorie. <i>Chap. 2.</i></h3> - </div> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">WIth these expressed examples, I thinke good to conclude this - passed title, and thenceforth to goe to the next, which is - <em>Expostulatory</em>. This worde seemeth to haue his definition of - reasoning, debating or arguing a cause, thereby to find the depth, - weight, certaintie or qualitie of the same, and according thereunto to - lessen, qualifie, or enforce the substance of griefe or mislike by such - meanes conceiued. And albeit iniuries, mislikes and discontentments are - ordinary to all men, yet do they for the most part, fall principallie - to be receiued among friendes, among kindred, great acquaintance and - familiars, by occasion whereof, this title in writing is but (as it - were) the first matter of challenge, before anie vile reproch bee - performed. And this also not where there is a resolute malice alreadie - conceiued, but where men aduisedlie and consideratlie do deliberate of - their and other mens actions according to reason to bee considered. - By which aduisement being led, without anie hairebraine or brainsicke - deuise or humor at all, they sometimes mildlie, and in curteous and - louing tearmes according to the state of the writer, and the condition - of those to whome he writeth, expostulate the iniurie, desirous rather - that the trueth by circumstances might be knowne, then anie quarrelsome - matter to bee obtruded. Otherwhiles more roughly and peremptorily they - deale, and yet not vnfittinglie nor badlie. But if the effect of your - writing be not determined in anie of these two sortes, but falleth - otherwise to a manner of reproching of benefittes, or to an exclamation - or bitter enforcement of euils, then may not the same bee said to - be <em>Expostulatory</em>, but rather to bee <em>exprobratorie</em>, - or <em>inuectiue</em>, of which both twaine hereafter shall be - further declared. And as this kind of expostulating falleth most with - persons of equalitie, for that it is scarse thought good maners, and - sometimes helde perillous to dispute of offences with one far aboue vs - in authoritie, and with our inferiour so to doe, it turneth more often - to bee <em>Reprehensorie</em> then otherwise: yet is the force thereof - manie times caried from an inferiour to his better, neuerthelesse - with a kinde of aunswerable submission alwayes respectiue<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19a">19</span> to the - others reputation or greatnes. And so may a man with his inferiour - also in good sort sometime expostulate an iniurie, wherin if he shall - vouchsafe so to doe, the partie lesse in abilitie hath the more reason - to recognize his courtesie: for a man of good sort and greatlie reputed - of, to offer as it were an imparlance vnto his inferiour, whereby to - argue with him a matter in suspence to bee noted an iniury, cannot - be but much to be praised, and so adiudged in that betternesse, as - to procéede of a most singular bountie. So be it he do it not by - insultation, nor anie pricke of vainglorie, for so doing it looseth - a great part of the vertue therein praysed, vnlesse the desert of - the partie be such, as may well merite that or a greater euill to be - tendered. By all these means as aforesaid may iniuries be expostulated, - the vsage whereof as well in matter of accusation as defence, is - indifferently to be carried, considering that onely by varietie of - allegations and not otherwise those questionable causes are to be - sifted. And so here out will we wade into their seuerall examples.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle expostulatorie touching certaine iniuries<br /> - betweene two friends.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MAister L. there passed if you doe call to minde,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> twixt you and mee - certaine speeches of great secrecie, vehementlie concerning the state - and good support of my brother. And for as much as I had then great - suppose, both of your honest courtesie and great fidelitie (as I - thought) sufficient to the matter then spoken of, I did (the extremitie - of the cruell creditours requiring it) not sticke to reueale vnto you - the conceiued maner and means how the same might be redressed. I do - verie perfectly remember, that but to one other besides your selfe, I - did communicate the cause, of whose rare and singular honestie I doe - so much assure my selfe, that if hee should reueale the same, I could - despaire for euer to find any man secret, or that with whatsoeuer - matter of friendship might hereafter be credited. But to be briefe with - you, the secret is discried, and therewithall so fully laide open, - as the whole maner of the same in sort as it was determined by one - of the parties whom it specially concerned, hath been to my brothers - owne eares deliuered. The other partie to whome I reuealed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20a">20</span> it hath - chaunged his lodging, and hitherto I haue not sent vnto him: whose - approoued fidelitie for that it remaineth of no small record to my - certaine knowledge, I will presume to verifie. It resteth then that - I must needes expostulate with you touching the iniurie, of whome I - haue more cause to doubt, being thereunto led not without manie and - those verie absolute coniectures. For first it is generallie knowne, - that you are verie needie, and to be plaine with you, there be those - that will iustifie that by such meanes you do shift now and then verie - cunninglie. It is master L. a verie base kinde of shift for a Gentleman - in anie treacherous manner to deale with his friend so vnkindlie. And - I can prooue besides, that sithence my trust reposed, you haue entred - speciall conference with the partie. The time likewise dooth somewhat - assure me, in which no one but your selfe coulde so suddenlie preuent - mee. There want not to giue scope hereunto, the speeches also which - the next day you deliuered mee after I had spoken with you, which - was, you feared least my man ouerheard, and might possiblie descrie - mee, whom your selfe knewe an houre before our conference, to haue - beene discharged our companie. Againe, the person and place where he - remaineth, enforce something, whereunto vnaccustomed you haue accesse, - and therefore for some speciall policie. And notwithstanding all these - vehement likelihoodes, yet will I not condemne you, till I see how - you will confute mee. Albeit my censure hitherto passeth that verie - hardlie you may answere it, without especiall note of infamie; which - being so, the displeasure may returne such as I can tell you, will not - be maistered verie easilie. The haste of the messenger forbiddeth me - longer delay, by reason whereof, I am compelled to leaue you. B. this - of. &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An answere defensorie vnto the effects of<br /> - the same Epistle.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MAister H.<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> The manner of your writing seemeth vnto mee verye straunge, - and the circumstaunce such, as I promise you, wherewith I was neuer - acquainted. I am not a little greeued<span class="sidenote"><i>Liptote.</i></span> to thinke that you shoulde - in that peremptorie sort you doe, attribute vnto mee the name of - so base and vnfitte a dealing.<span class="sidenote"><i>Excusatiō.</i></span> I would well you and your informer - vnderstoode: that<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21a">21</span> it is not my practise to vse that cunning, which - you like to tearme by the name of shifting, neither (by whatsoeuer - necessitie constrained) doe I inure my selfe vnto the same. It is an - olde Prouerbe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paræmia.</i></span> <em>Where the hedge is lowest, there euerie man is readie - to goe ouer</em>. The verifying whereof appeareth in you, who hauing - no more certaintie then your meere imaginations to suspende mee, doe - iniuriouslie obiect my necessitie, as beeing the onelie meane wherewith - to disgrace me.<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> Whie, maister H. dooth it therefore followe because I - want, that my minde must of force become maimed with such treacherie? - You are deceyued, and they guesse much awrie, that in such hatefull - manner doe go about to abuse mee.<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> What argument call you that, that - for because you reuealed your counsell to vs two, and it liketh you - to preferre by certaine allowaunce the others reputation and abilitie - before mee, that therefore I haue deceyued you? Whie if you list to - suppose a trueth on my side (as lawfullie you might doe) were there - not as much reason that I for mine honestie, as hee for his brauerie - shoulde as indifferentlie bee censured? But your probable coniectures - you will saie doe entice you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Procatalepsis.</i></span> the one whereof is the time wherein none - coulde preuent you. Was not I pray you that other in Towne as well - as I, though hee altered his lodging? And suppose that euerie daie - wee were both heere since,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paramologia.</i></span> may it bee vnpossible that another might - endammage the matter as well as we? But I had speciall conference with - the partie, and the place and person without that occasion, of no - likelihoode by mee to bee frequented.<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> Had I conference? Is that a thing - so maruellous? Am I so farre estraunged from honestie, that I may not - haue speech with a man, but to worke my friend villanie? Alacke man, - whie, I was neuer so fearefull of mine one keeping secretes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Charientismus.</i></span> that I - woulde haue denied it if you had asked mee, neither doe I much force - if your owne eyes doe witnesse the cause when I next speake with you. - In saying the place and person was before time by mee vnused, you - speake iniuriouslie, for your owne selfe doe knowe, that both he and - the rest, were to mee knowne before time, and that verie familiarlie. - To conclude, I wish you to bee perswaded, that in rewarding mee with - such conceytes as these, you shall doe mee but small courtesie, and ill - requite my faythfulnesse by vpbrayding mee with my necessitie, that - woulde haue endeuoured all meanes possible to pleasure you.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22a">22</span> And as - touching anie infamie to me redounding herein, I woulde I could as well - cleare all my offences to God-warde, as I can free my selfe of this - suspition, and that with as great honestie, as others most maliciouslie - haue sought to defame mee, and then no doubt my account should be a - great deale lesse then it is, when euer the Almightie by his eternall - summons should call me. In resolution whereof, I ende this answere. The - of. &c.</p> - - <h4><i>A reply to the said answere Defensorie, wherein the matter of the<br /> - Epistle is more firmlie maintained.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">OF ancient time it hath often beene sayde,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> <em>that it is euill halting - before a Cripple</em>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> faithfull dealing and flourishing glosing are - two contraries. Among true friends indeede, and such as doe make more - account of their credite and honestie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> then of the base acquiring of - a sleight commoditie, I doe confesse it is not of small moment to - builde vpon the rock of their assurance, and to make reckoning of their - word, to the vttermost, but where Gentilitie is not alonelie spotted, - but in a manner couered and debased alreadie with vnhonestie, and men - hold it for a <em>Maxime</em> to shrowd their lauish and euer emptied - expence, by whatsoeuer kinde of lucre, bee it neuer so filthie, it is - not necessarie that repose bee in such place stablished, least the - vntimelie rooting thereof, doe make men banne their winnings, and - lament the bitternesse of their losse, when too late they are out of - hope, for euer to haue the same recouered.</p> - - <p>It seemeth Maister L. by the continuance of your Letter, that the - censure of my former direction, you haue passed ouer very sleightlie, - conceiuing that by a number of od speeches (which in maner of a racket - you haue vsed,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i></span> to tosse my coniectures as tennis balles, being at your - deeming not much materiall, whether by order of the game you returne - them into the court, or banding them in the aire, suffer them to flie - at all aduentures) you do yet suppose to haue wrought a masterie, and - of whatsoeuer to bee saide agaynst you, to haue discharged your selfe - verie soundlie. You must thinke M. L. I am no babie, neither do you - deale with such a one, that notwithstanding in a plaine and honest - vsage hee accordeth to all simplicitie, is yet of so meane conceyte<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23a">23</span> - but hee is able to vent your vttermost actions, deale you in the - handling of the same neuer so cunningly.</p> - - <p>The maner of your vsage,<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> being peraduēture deliuered in some place - where you were lesse knowne, might make a flourish for your credit, and - for the present, in one sort or other auaile you, but vnto me it is - but matter to smile at, and occasion (to deale plainlie with you) the - more to mislike you, who not contenting your selfe to haue dealte more - vnfriendlie then befitteth, haue determined belike in your reasons to - make me beleeue, that I haue offered you the iniurie, and when you haue - stung mee to the quicke,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> perswade me that the violence of the mischiefe - lighted vpon your owne body. But the course herein you take, is too - far wide from the censure of any honest opinion.<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> What tell you me you - were acquainted before time with the partie, and of I know not what - businesse you had to do, which at the next sight you care not to shew - mee? and then forsooth that the others ability and my suppose must bee - preferred before you, in respecte of your necessitie? with such other - friuolous repetitions without substance or honestie? and after that - some <em>Robin</em> the deuil, or I wot not what spirit of the aire must - besides impossibility be supposed to reueale the accident.<span class="sidenote"><i>Confutatiō.</i></span> What vanity - is this? what matter of reason therein, that as before I might not - assure my selfe of your infidelity? to what end proceedeth al the other - circumstances, vpon what conceipt doe they cleare you? Tush, tush, - deceiue not your selfe, nor thinke you go so couertly but that men of - discretion can and do daily see you.</p> - - <p>Somwhat more thē you think I haue sithence heard how the world - goeth with you, you thought it very much at the beginning I shoulde - expostulate with you, but if I should stir you with this <em>item</em> - that I can tell you where, when, and vpon what expectation you descried - mee, you might thinke I did not then disguize with you.</p> - - <p>I study not to capitulate your iniuries, as confessing my selfe also - not to bee vnburdened with offences: But good I deeme it were M. L. - that by some meanes you tooke notice of your owne infirmities. To - aggrauate the wrong that you haue done me, I list not, and more then - I intended haue I spoken vpon that you haue answered. Being vnwilling - to toile my selfe, or trouble your conceiptes any further, I herewith - conclude,</p> - - <div class="center"><i>More sorie of your ill condition, then of the abuse you haue done me.</i></div> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24a">24</span></p> - - <h4><span class="large"><i>A second answere by the like reasons of</i></span><br /> - <i>the replie, in further defence of<br /> - the partie.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">AS auncientlie it hath beene accustomed<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> (as in the prouerbe by you - alleadged)<span class="sidenote"><i>Paræmia.</i></span> <em>Better it were for some to steale a horse, then for - others to looke on</em>. It is an easie matter to find a staffe to beate - a dog, and to him that list to haue a bad conceipt,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> what honest excuse - may be alleadged that can drawe him from it. Men that are opinionatiue, - doe not for the most part measure thinges as they are, but commonlie as - their mind leadeth them,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> and generally to speake of many thinges that - in particular are vnnumbred, what the cōceipt giueth in certainty to - be adiudged, there is with diuers persons no question of good and bad - afterwardes to be opposed. Among friends sundry occasions do happen - that meerely for themselues are to bee supported, the least of which - happening among strangers, would not without great discontentment be - carried.</p> - - <p>It is giuen to some to beare much,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> because they seeme to bee borne to - it, and to laie their shoulders vnder euerie loade, because they are - inured vnto it: yet all that carie loades are not Asses, not euerie - one that supporteth a burden is forthwith a pack-horse. I knowe wel - M. A. you are no babie, nor I thinke you do suppose me so sencelesse - as to be a foole. I vse no rackets to your reasons, as vniustlie you - conceiue of me, nor would I haue you imagine that bicause you think ill - of me I must needs be guilty. I tell you againe as I told you before, - you highly doe wrong me. And in this one more then any other, you most - vnfriendly do abuse me.<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> Why do you so oftē inculcate vnto me, what - other haue reported, and some say they haue seene in me? It is the - truth I stand vpon, & not the malice of any one whatsoeuer, that so - vilely misdeemeth me.</p> - - <p>It is not my custome to winke at all thinges as I doe vnto you, so - indifferently, but yet would I haue you conceiue howe much the iniury - toucheth me. You argue against mee that it is not inough that I say it - is not so, so say I vnto you, that you ought not to charge mee without - you can proue it so. Because there resteth some matter wherby I am in - good condition tyed vnto you, it is not seemely for your - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_25a">25</span> credit, nor - fit for the honesty wherof you make profession, to lade me any whit the - more with iniury. Make what large collection you list of my present - state and necessity, I tell you, I deeme my selfe the same man that I - was in greater prosperity.</p> - - <p>My request is for the surcease of all this iarre, your opinion maie - stande as you list, but giue mee conuenient time and accesse to cleare - mee. To vrge me as you doe, maie but breede that which to neither of - vs may returne pleasing, and which in the end I knowe will be to you - most discontenting. It were good that with lesse resolution you did - sway your opinions, so might you with smaller difficulty decerne, what - with facility in fine you will of your selfe condiscend vnto. My selfe - being as loth to disturbe you, as your self seeme wearied with the - former toile doe herewith set my limits, who worse conceipted of your - light beliefe then of the wrong you haue done me, do not withstanding - continue,</p> - - <div class="center"><i>Desirous of your reformed imagination</i>, &c.</div> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">NOw after these double thwartinges on either part receiued in - expostulating this iniury, (the like whereof by writing is sundrie - times occasioned, and remaineth in this place onlie for varietie, to - make shew how by well handeling, matters may on both sides be equally - enforced or weakned) I will sort you forth two or three seuerall - examples more, because of the necessary and often occurrence of this - title, daily being accustomed in our writing. The first whereof shall - be for matter of vnkindnesse: The second for breach of promise: The - thirde from a meane Gentleman to a personage of great honour, wherby in - cause of betternesse shall be exampled how iniuries may be expostulated - or complained of, and these in sequence shall followe by their - examples.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Expostulatory touching<br /> - vnkindnesse receiued.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MAister G.<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> I haue great maruell that remaining hitherto in town as - you do, we can by no possibility heare of your being, but by such - iangling messengers as you make currors for spite, whereby to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26a">26</span> abuse - your friendes. In which the discurtesie is far more by the vnbeseeming - courses & dealings therein vsed, then fitteth either your honestie or - our friendship to be tolerated. I doubted not ere this time how apt - you were to conceiue (euen for a verie toie) in the worst degree that - might bee, of any one that behaueth himselfe neuer so well vnto you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> - so ticklish are your humours, and so vnsteady your censures. And which - is worst, it cannot with you rest in imagination alone, but in such - odde kinde of reportes, and to such base persons you deliuer it, as - it verelie seemeth, you little recke what discredit you offer a man - in the same, the least whereof would make you storme to the gall, if - a man should but ouerslip himselfe in giuing any manner of sound of - you, tending to such effect as you proffer. Good God sir, are you and - I of late become such straungers together, as that neither writing - nor request may serue to haue accesse to your presence. Trust mee I - am vnused to these deuises, nor fit they at all vnto my appetite. - Either something or no body to me, but vnto such as more recke of your - coynesse then I doe, you may be as you will, or as their fortunes - may beare with you. For my part I am too vnapt to weld any such - insupportable amity. If you can vse me as your vpright, honest, and - well meaning friend, I am vnto you as firme as you woulde wish me, - otherwise to encounter so many diuersities, of vnfrequented fancies, - toyes, or mislikes, it aunswereth in no point vnto my propertie, which - hauing thought good of meere well wishing to signifie vnto you by - present writing, I leaue you to your best opinion, this of &c.</p> - - <div class="right"><i>Yours in all good sort to be entertained, &c.</i></div> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle expostulatory for<br /> - breach of promise.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MAster K. I haue abstayned hitherto to come or sende vnto you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> partly - weried with importunity, for that I thought two moneths being now - passed, I might in this space haue found a season conuenient, wherein - to haue ended with you. Hauing taken this cause in hand, I woulde (as - in good reason it seemeth fit) you should determine with me vpon some - conclusion, wheron resting assured, I might thenceforth know wherunto - to trust, & neither<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27a">27</span> - waste labour in comming to so small purpose, nor - hinder my certaine busines by the vnsteadie stay of your affaires, - as alreadie I haue done. We haue talked manie times, and set downe - certaine limits, marie to so slender effect, as I neither know when to - demaund, nor you howe to satisfie. So that depending vpon shadowes, I - haue passed my time with small benefite, and you haue gone forward to - little purpose. I doe pray you therefore that hence-foorth such honest - meaning maie assure vs, as alreadie betweene vs hath on either part - beene performed, To delaie me thus with nifles, as I thinke it farre - from a Gentleman, so do I suppose you not intend it, considering how - many wayes thereby, I am and shall be hindred. This therfore may be the - certaine meane to satisfie vs both,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> that you will (as on Friday last - you promised) come and see the agreement betweene vs performed, whereof - I pray you aduertise your full resolution by this bearer. And so I bid - you heartily fare well, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Expostulatorie from an inferiour Gentleman<br /> - to his farre better in degree, authoritie and calling.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">RIght Honourable,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> though by the custome and common policie of this - vnhappie worlde, I am better warranted with a personage of your - greatnesse, to dissemble, then to deale plainlie, yet because I - finde as well by Gods owne worde, as by the euent of mens practises, - that such customes are neither pleasing to his Maiestie, nor alwayes - profitable to such as vse them, I haue aduentured to manifest that by - paper, which by words (albeit many times desirous) I neur had heart to - vtter.</p> - - <p>My purpose is to be plaine,<span class="sidenote"><i>Propositiō.</i></span> and in honest and dutifull sort to - expostulate with your L. wherein I finde my selfe greeued, and - vpon what ground this my complaint is framed. I therfore most - humblie beseech your L. for Gods sake and your owne, to pardon this - presumption, and to admit me fauourable and indifferent construction, - of what I shall here vnfolde vnto you by writing.</p> - - <p>I exclaime of wrong passed, I vrge my miserie present, and I complaine - of you to your selfe, and so doe make you iudge of all that shall be - hereafter enformed.</p> - - <p>Your L. did once knowe, and hath still some cause to remember, that of - all such lande and liuings as my father at his death was possessed, - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_28a">28</span>one onelie poore farme fall to my share.</p> - - <p>I my selfe doe knowe, and shall neuer easilie forget, that after - the same was thrust into my handes, I neuer inioyed it without much - vnquietnesse, quarrell and vexation, nor without the continuall malice - and molestation of my vnnaturall Vncle, and such his associates, as by - setting him on, vnderhande, did afterwardes finde meanes to fasten in - the same.</p> - - <p>This poore liuing (once in maner lost, afterwards recouered, and yet - still fearefullie kept, the rather by meane of a newe trouble, moued - vnto me by maister B.) I was in fine driuen to offer for a little, but - to sell for lesse. Now here begins my iust cause of complaint. For vpon - firme hope of your L. fauour towards me, and that you would according - to your honourable promises haue done me an expected good: I was - content to yeeld my interest for eleuen hundred and three score pounds, - where sixteene hundred pounds had beene before offered by my kinsman, - and so I then told you.</p> - - <p>This offer of mine, your L. for the time accepted, yeelding with some - difficultie to paie the odde eight score poundes, where I ought it. - Howe be it afterwardes, hauing gotten the Lease into your hands, and - beeing possessed of the bargaine, and none nowe daring to take the same - from you, you quarrelled with the Lease as before you had done with the - title, and made mee a fresh abatement of the odde eight score poundes, - affirming it to bee no part of your charge to paie my debts.</p> - - <p>To salue this mischiefe, and to saue my eight score poundes (your - Lordship hauing reported the former bargaine to your most aduauntage) - I laboured without auaile, to helpe your memorie therein. Protesting - (and that most trulie) that vpon mine earnest and humble petition vnto - your L. to leaue mee woorth a thousand pounds, and to paie my debts, - and in regarde also of the great abatement of what I might haue had - else where, your Lordshippe had condiscended in the former conference - to discharge the same. And thereupon willed me, at my next returne to - bring a note of my debts, with the names of my creditors.</p> - - <p>This tale I well remember with more trueth then good successe vttred - (speciallie the often touch of what my kinsman had offered me) did - greatlie mislike you. Whereupon growing in heate (yet with - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_29a">29</span> some regard - of honour) you swore that if anie other bought the same at my handes - then your selfe, you would haue it for lesse then fiue hundred pounds, - yea, for nothing, or else it should go hard. Marie keeping it my selfe, - you said you would stand my friend: which hote or colde conclusion, I - protest did so appale, as with feare of further losse, with griefe and - discontentment I grewe sicke, and thereupon resolued to take what you - would giue me.</p> - - <p>Your Lordship hauing thus, what with countenaunce and choler dismayed - mee, and finding by such peremptorinesse my sense to bee ouercome, - you ranne on still with this wresting course, and vpon authoritie - without cause or colour, cut me yet thirtie pound shorter. So as in - place of one thousand sixe hundred pound offered mee by my kinsman in - the Countrey, your Lordship gaue mee nine hundred and seuentie pound, - leauing me out of this to pay a hundred and sixtie pound debt.</p> - - <p>By these meanes (right Honourable) was I then halfe impouerished, and - am now altogither vndone, hauing neither skill to vse that little - you gaue, nor will to raise my selfe after my fall, which I thought - impossible.</p> - - <p>It was a wholsome caueat giuen mee by your Lordship, and a full - resolution put downe by my selfe, rather to stoope and to liue somwhat - sparing, then by anie prodigalitie to impaire my stock: but being - neither Marchant, Artizan, Broker, nor Vsurer, nor hauing among manie - debtors, scarce one good payer, I coulde hardly frame to doe what - was aduised me, or be so much mine owne friend, as at first I had - determined.</p> - - <p>My state then brought thus lowe, my friends decayed and dead, my liuing - sold for little, and the money spent, I resolued and stil doe with the - rest to leaue my Countrey, as well to couer my want from mine enemies, - as to seuer my selfe from so vnfortunate acquaintance.</p> - - <p>Find time therefore I beseech your honour, before my going to examine - these particulars, they containe I protest nothing but matter of truth. - It is a high vertue and most commendable in a man of your state, to - right your inferiour against your selfe, by this shall you winne him - vnfainedlie to loue you, who now vpon iust cause can do no lesse, then - thinke himselfe wronged by you.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30a">30</span></p> - - <p>And so my good L. this bill exibited into your chamber, not into any - court, deliuered to your owne handes, and to no man els, I leaue to - your honourable and best consideration, humblie once againe beseeching - your L. to suspend your hardest conceit against mee, for expostulating - my griefs, in repect my plainnes herein, passeth not without truth, nor - any wrong enforced, but vpon iust occasion.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_4a"><i>Of Epistles Exprobratorie. Chap. 4.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_f3.png" width="100" height="100" alt='F' /></span>Rom - matter <em>Expostulatorie</em>, wee will nowe turne our - selues to the next title beeing <em>Exprobratorie</em>, vnder which is - contained cause indeede of vehement and grieuous disdaine: chieflie - touching offences that impugne a contrarie and laudable merite and - desert. For which, howbeit in all ciuill vsages it be accounted - vndecent, vncourteous, and vnbeséeming anie gentle condition, to - reproch a man in time of mislike, with good offices or turnes, that - before he hath receiued. So when contrarie to the honest affection vnto - him bountifully tendred, a man shall either vngratefully refuse to - recognize the same goodnes, or impudentlie, vnciuilly, or inhumainly go - about to reward euil for good, and to enforce a most vniust vexation, - where himselfe hath receyued most comfort. In such cases to vse - this <i>Exprobratory</i> maner of writing, to signifie vnto - yᵉ party so forgetfull of gentlenes, both what he hath receiued, and - howe much he was charged by all waies, limits and means that may be - enforced, of humanitie, pietie, or gentlenes, it shall not be amisse, - and to such ende & no other is this <em>Exprobratorie</em> kind of - Epistles to be vsed: Of which, some certaine examples are in this place - to be deliuered.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an epistle Exprobratorie touching ingra-<br /> - titude receiued.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">I Doe not maruell <span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span>at your woonted and sundrie delayes in aunswering my - requestes, nor that you breake so manie promises with your friendes - for the gratifying of their courtesies: In that beeing thinges by - nature annexed as they are to so seruile a condition, - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_31a">31</span> they seeme (as - remedilesse) in all discreet iudgementes to bee borne withall. But that - I wonder at, is, howe my selfe (knowing as I doe, and hauing so often - tasted of that contemptible and harde disposition of yours towardes - mee) should yet be so assotted,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> as to straine my friendes, to spende my - money, exercise my wits, yeelde my trauell, bende my care, and passe - my credite, to relieue, vpholde, nourish and maintaine such a one, in - bringing him from nought to ought, from the dunghill to the court, from - woe to wealth, as hath neither honestie to regarde me,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synathrismus.</i></span> wit to vse me, - will to requite me, ciuilitie to respect mee, good nature to thanke - me, nor any one sparke of endeuour whereby so much in good seeming to - behaue himselfe towards me. Many occasions haue beene giuen mee before - time by some other misprizers of my curtesie, but you of all others - haue exceeded and do passe them all in vnhonestie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> That I shoulde bee - occasioned thus to reproch you as I doe, is iwis vnto me no great - contentment, but that at my handes who alwaies haue so manifoldlie - deserued of you, you should so far forth challenge to be reproched, - that certainly is it whereof you ought most to bee ashamed. Howe many - wayes you haue wronged me,<span class="sidenote"><i>Liptote.</i></span> and howe little cause hereafter I haue to - entermedle or haue to doe with you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonoia.</i></span> hauing so ingratefully, nay rather - inhumanelie dealt with me, let the world iudge betweene you and me. Had - I tried you in much, or in one halfe of that whereby in very dutie you - are charged vnto me, it had beene somewhat to haue denied me:<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> But in a - matter so slender, so small valued, and but a trifle, to delay me, to - stande with mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> to breake promise with mee, and which is worst of all, - most vnciuillie therewith to bearde me, that of all others is the most - detested that may bee. Sorie I am, not that I haue knowne you, for the - knowledge shall keepe mee from you, but that in nourishing of you, I - forgot my selfe so much, as I coulde neuer till this present perceiue - nor looke after you. Fare as you will for me, who euer hereafter desire - neither to know nor see you. From B. this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle exprobatory, more largely exampled.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">ALbeit vnto a gentle minde there is nothing lesse proper,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> then a - reproching of benefittes: nor any thing more contrarying, - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_32a">32</span> then to bee - touched with discurtesies: yet respecting the weight of the manifold - wrongs done vnto me, & most iniurious deuises, wherein thou hast - contrary to all lawes of nature, vertue, or honestie, gone about to - abuse mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hyperbole.</i></span> rewarding not euill, but worse then mischiefe it selfe, - for good, and doing that which all men hate, and the most discreet - doe abhorre in requitall of that which I chieflie deserued of thee, I - hold my selfe neither to be touched in gentlenes, nor deemed at all - in discurtesie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> if to such a Camelion I giue his due colours, of so - vile a viper doe bewray the feature, to so ingratefull a wretch doe - blaze forth his picture, and of so vglie a beast do yeeld his due - portraiture, to the ende that at least it may appeare vnto thy selfe, - howe vnlike to that thou hast euer seemed vnto me,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> I haue nowe found - thee, and how contrarying to that my selfe haue manifoldly bounde thee, - thou hast now shewed thy selfe vnto me.</p> - - <p>To the opening whereof let mee call to remembraunce<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> that beeing here - a great while sithence a straunger, spoiled of that thou haddest, - laden with sicknesse,<span class="sidenote"><i>Brachiologa.</i></span> pursued of thy foes, burdensome to thy friends, - subiect to a number of casualties, of death, pouertie, hatred, penurie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> - griefe, trouble, and want, I tooke thee, I kept thee, I relieued thee, - I prouided for thee, and that at such time as when forsaken of all - others, thou wast onely compassed with extremitie, had not this one - curtesie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthipophora.</i></span> nay rather vnaccustomed kindnes, beene sufficient alone, - wherewith to haue bound thee? Questionlesse it had, rested there at al - any sparke of good condition within thee, yet had this been all that I - had done for thee, happilie could I then haue contented my selfe, and - haue thought that thou haddest therein alone dealt but ingratefullie.</p> - - <p>Abhorrest thou not<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> in the perusing hereof to thinke howe thou hast - vsed mee?<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> Well knowest thou that on this hie point of curtesie, I - stucke not alone with thee, for after a recouery by my meanes had, and - restitutions of thine estate, vnto thy wonted possessions, health, - freedome and libertie, I not only so setled thee, but beeing haled thy - selfe (as it were) out of the Lions iawes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> I made thine aduersaries a - praie vnto thee, I fauored thee, I loued thee, I esteemed thee when - none would regard thee, when all men despised thee. Were not these - benefits sufficient,<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.<br />Aporia.<br />Allegoria.</i></span> to haue yoked any good or honest disposition vnto - me? What Viper may I then terme thee? what monster or hellish imp<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33a">33</span> - that not onely hast not vouchsafed so much as to requite, but scornest - in apparance so much as to beare a good opinion towardes me? Is it - possible that man than a Serpent, or than the very Crocodile it selfe - should become more malicious,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradoxon.</i></span> yet hast thou in far greater quantitie - then these contained thy venome,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hyperbole.</i></span> the Hydra was not answerable vnto thy - propertie, the very Sauages themselues could not equall thee, thou art - infine beyond all, and there are none beyond thee, for both men and - beasts do abhor thy treachery.</p> - - <p>What then auaileth that of such a one I haue merited so highlie?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> - Whereto serueth it to haue extended on him so greate and vnused bounty? - The dog fawneth by kinde where he is loued, the Tyger by gentlenes - is from his cruelty disturned,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> the Lion wil not suffer a kindnes - vnregarded. But thou (hatefull of all others) degenerating from all - nature both of men and beasts weighest not of friendship, reiectest - fauors,<span class="sidenote"><i>Pleonasmus.</i></span> hatest all gentlenes, regardest no kindnes, contemnest merits, - and kindlesse of all kinds,<span class="sidenote"><i>Polyptoton.</i></span> or rather sequestred from any kinde, giuest - thy selfe to rewarde the best deseruinges, with vnauoidable and most - destestable villanies.</p> - - <p>Had I not too much deserued as I haue done at thy handes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epizeuxis.</i></span> it might in - some sort haue sufficed me.<span class="sidenote"><i>Anaphora.</i></span> Had I by any known or pretended euill, - euer pursued thee, had I meant at any time badly vnto thee, it might - yet haue cōtented me, that forgetfull of al that before passed, thou - shouldest in this hatefull manner haue dealt with mee. But hauing onely - heaped on thy head a multitude of fauors,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> receiued thee as I haue - done with so sundrie curtesies, imbraced thee as thou knowest with - infinite contentmentes, deliuered thee from death, and verie hellish - tormentors,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> what kindnesse could be more, or what merite so ample? - And contrariwise, what requitall so slender, what acknowledgement so - bad, or what recompence so euill, then wherewith besides all course of - iustice and equitie thou hast most vnnaturally acquited me?<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> One only - comfort resteth, that of all honest minds thou art hated deseruedly, - and out of all gentle company art excluded perpetually, wherin hauing - the only solace vnto my grieued conceits, that for the present may be - acquired, I liue in hope to see thee once againe to haue neede of mee, - when according to thy demerits I shall thinke of thee, and in the meane - while esteeme of thy fashions, as thou hast giuen me cause to accompt - of them.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34a">34</span></p> - - <h3 id="Chap_5a">Of Letters inuectiue.<br /> - <i>Chap. 5.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_t1.png" width="100" height="100" alt='T' /></span>O - these <em>Exprobratorie</em> epistles, doth next follow the - title <em>inuectiue</em>. A sharpe and bitter inueighing against - the person, déedes, or behauiours of men, occupied altogether in - condemning, disabling, and wresting, whatsoeuer maie bee collected - to the reproofe, diminution, or impugning of anie one, and that by - all maner of quips, tauntes, reproches, blames, imputations, or - designmentes that maie bee of euils. And yet this not by a disordered, - malicious or railing humour, vniustlie and without great and forcible - cause to be pursued, but by a learned, discreete, lawfull, or - reasonable toleration to be followed, which in all maner of directions - is principallie to be required. The conueiance is as full of Art as - anie others, that heretofore haue beene exampled vnto you, and as well - for rife and quicke inuention, as orderlie disposition, enforcementes, - and neate deliuerie, hath his speciall commendation.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Inuectiue of a father<br /> - against his sonne.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe sight of your letters,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> and message receiued by your seruant haue - (good Coosen) bred to mee in perusing and harkening vnto the same, - no small matter of disquiet, not that your letters or messages for - themselues are,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonoia.</i></span> or haue beene at anie time ill welcome to my hands, - but in respect of him for whom they come, whom in truth I neuer recke - if I heare of,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> so filled haue I beene long since with the euils by him - committed.<span class="sidenote"><i>Liptote.</i></span> I am nothing ignorant that of loue and meere good will you - beare to mee and mine, you framed your speeches vnto me, which with how - much tediousnes I haue considered of, and with what willingnes I could - haue omitted to answere them, no one can so wel giue testimony,<span class="sidenote"><i>Periphrasis.</i></span> as the - burthen of mine owne sorrow beareth witnes vnto me.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35a">35</span></p> - - <p>But for that I see you are ill conceyted at my heauinesse,<span class="sidenote"><i>Apostrophe.</i></span> and of your - owne good nature woulde gladlye finde meane to recouer that vnto mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Noema.</i></span> - which my selfe am out of hope for euer to compasse, I am content, - though ill pleasing to my remembraunce, and the rather also that by the - extremitie of the euilles<span class="sidenote"><i>Liptote.</i></span> your owne minde maie bee disswaded from anie - further dealing in the cause, to shewe vnto you the good conditions of - him you sue for, what manner a sonne hee hath alwayes beene vnto mee, - what reason thereby I haue to commaunde him from mee, and howe farre - wide you are, that in such sort as you declare, doe conceiue both of - him, and of mee.</p> - - <p>I neede not repeate heere vnto you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paralepsis</i></span> with what fatherlie care I haue - brought him vppe to mannes estate, by what prouident foresight, I - sought both with maintenaunce and conuenient place of credite, to - continue him as a Gentleman, howe vnwilling I was to enter into the - search of euerie small offence, but attributing the force thereof - to his tyme of youth, was content to winke at that manie times, - the sufferaunce whereof I doubted would turne to the ruine that it - presentlie carrieth. I will but giue you an instaunce of the same, to - the intent that as you shall knowe thereof, so may you in reuoluing the - rest, consider the better howe vnkindlie, yea, more then vnnaturallye I - maie saie, hee hath rewarded me, and therewith will come to the present - estate wherein he now remaineth.</p> - - <p>It is I iudge about three yeares sithence,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> to the intent to retaine - him in some good order of life, I placed him with a right godlie and - worshipfull Knight, Sir H. D. who for my sake both loued him, and I - knowe tooke paines to the vttermost to reforme him, before that time - I had placed him in an Inne of Courte, where with expences sufficient - I kept him. In both of these places hee brought mee more then I will - rehearse indebted, ranne himselfe on the rockes, durst not besides - (for that priuilie hee had taken vp) to shewe his head.<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> Complaints - were infinite against him, this man could not bee in quiet for him, - that mans seruant hee misused, this partie hee deceyued, that other - hee highlie wronged: what coulde I doe vnto these thinges, but as one - desirous to reclaime him whom he knewe to be his owne (though with a - resolute vow neuer to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36a">36</span> deale with him,) I then had cast him off, yet - by intreatie of his friends, and his earnest submission I receiued him - againe. Sithence which too much it is to be reuealed,<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō</i>.</span> how stubbornlie - euen in mine owne house, how iniuriously among mine owne people, he - hath behaued himselfe, by reason whereof as compelled for the quiet - of mine owne familie, I appoynted him to goe from hence into S. there - to remaine with his Vncle. And because it was against a Christmasse, - and that I woulde not dismisse him vnfurnished of that belonged vnto - a Gentleman, (besides that, with a couple of good Geldings I horsed - him and his man, and suted him of apparell, and what other needfull - necessaries) I deliuered him twentie pounds in his purse. Hee was no - sooner gone to D. beeing not past twentie myles from my house, but the - verie same night hee loste all his money at dice, pawned his horses for - twentie Nobles, and was faine of an honest friend of mine to borrow - tenne poundes for his expences, and to redeeme his Geldings, one of my - poore Tenants there refusing to supplie his wantes, hee fowlie beate, - and if companie had not come in to the rescue, had like to haue slaine - him.</p> - - <p>Nay, what hath hee done more, but knowing that these his ill demeanours - comming once to mine eares, I woulde neuer after repute of him, hee - hath confederated with a wicked rascall that once was his man, who - beeing the verye same night in his companie, the next day after came to - my house and robbed me.</p> - - <p>Are not these impieties (thinke you) verie straunge?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> What Nature is - in such a sonne, nay, where in him are those district lawes of Nature - become, that commonlie enforceth in all other children, an awfull - loue and reuerent regarde vnto their parents? Where is the feare of - diuine and humane lawes,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prolepsis.</i></span> the one threatning a sharpe scourge for such - vndutifulnesse, and the other punishing by penall forfeytures and - imprisonments, the manner of such detestable and disordered loosenesse. - To what issue is the auncient right and laudable custome of our - forefathers alreadie runne, that whilome by seuere directions compelled - the runnagate vsage of their children to a more district imposition and - farre estranged exaction then nowe vsed, of a most rare and singular - obedience? Why is the common intendment earst in our predecessours - tymes, of lawfull and good so accustomablie vsed, thus quite forworne, - and in these our seasons<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37a">37</span> - (filled with all kind of carelesnes) so far - forth disgraced? who is he that now recketh farther then his owne - fantasie, or what sonne wil for any zeale or dutie once seeke to repell - his owne appetite? Whither are ye gone yee iust and seuere iudges,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosopopœia.</i></span> by - whose sentence and opinion definitiue sharpe and bitter tortures were - laid downe vnto them, that durst presume by any outward shewe in the - world, but once so much as to countermaund the authoritie of their - fathers?</p> - - <p>O times more iniurious then euill it selfe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> by whose onely sufferance, - mischiefe spreadeth her selfe so highly as it doth, into such manifold - branches.<span class="sidenote"><i>Aporia.</i></span> What would you haue me to say in these things? thinke you - not that I haue alreadie receiued discontentment inough at such - a ones hande? or would you wish me againe by returning him home - weetinglie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> to sucke vp mine owne misfortune, and by nourishing an - expugnable wickednesse, to see a demonstration of mine owne sorrowe and - destruction daylie before mine eyes? No, no, coosin, I haue (I hope) - taken order sufficient for these thinges, his presence I am resolued - shal no more disquiet mee, by hearing or remembrance of him, if no - friend of mine doe otherwise vexe mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Orismus.</i></span> for needes a vexation must it - bee, be it but the least suppose, to conceiue that I haue yet remayning - vnto mee such a sonne. Take heede (good Coosen) that as hee hath - deceyued a great manie others, but mee of all others most especiallie, - he also doe not deceyue you. Driue him quicklie from your presence, and - thinke that a greater plague can you not receyue into your familie, - then a person so vile, and of all others demeaned so wickedlie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> This - is all that I can delyuer you of my present opinion, but not the least - of a thousande other accidents occasioning the same. Whereon I am - determined fullie to repose my selfe. Sending in the meane time my - heartiest commendations and earnest thankes for the indifferent care - had of my being both to you and your bedfellow, this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An answere purgatorie of the sonne touching matters Inuectiue<br /> - of the former Epistle.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">WEre it not sir that my presence<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> might more offend you then I wish, - or by anie action of mine owne, woulde willinglie deserue, I had - (emboldened by the equitie and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38a">38</span> right of my cause) in all humble - reuerence and dutie, tendered my self vnto you, but vnderstanding howe - greatly the malice of mine auncient enemies haue preuailed towards mee, - and that without the verie pietie of your selfe, and equall regarde - had to the due information of my cause, there is no place of fauour - left vnto me, I choose as the meetest to abandon for a while the - yeelding vnto you (by my accesse) of anie such annoyance, and in the - meane time, to frame these humble lines, pacifiers of your more then - ordinarie discontentments, that as true aduertisers of the course of - that wherwith I am charged, they may plead pardon of your protested - mislike, and winne vnto me (as I hope) that intertainment againe, from - which hitherto by the vndeserued proceedings of mine aduersaries, I - haue iniuriouslie beene detained.</p> - - <p>And albeit there is no reason whie, in the measure of all your actions,<span class="sidenote"><i>Insinuatiō.</i></span> - I shoulde or ought to deeme, that you doe, or enterprise anie thing - vnaduisedlie: yet for so much as the secret sting of malice is such, - as is able to penetrate the wisest, and that where much is feared, the - least matter inducing thereunto is made occasion to question of, I doe - in as lowlie manner as I maie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paresia.</i></span> beseech that but with indifferencie you - will see howe and in what sort I am wronged, and giuing credite to what - hereby in mine owne defence alledged, you will censure the rest, as to - the respect of your fatherlie pietie appertaineth.</p> - - <p>The weight of that,<span class="sidenote"><i>Propositiō.</i></span> for which as I vnderstande you are agreeued agaynst - mee, is that heretofore you haue had suggested vnto you that I am - verie vnthriftie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anaphora.</i></span> that I keepe lewde companie, that I consume all at - dice, that I am a quarreller, and lastlie, that you surmize you were - robbed by meane of mee, or by my assent, all which to confirme, mine - aduersaries seeme to haue gathered vppon me great aduantage, in that - notwithstanding, beeing often forewarned the contrarie, I sithence fell - into companie, played at dice, brake a mans head, and that my man that - robbed you, was the night before in my companie.</p> - - <p>Much more euill commonlie carrieth the reporter,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> in deliuering an ill - suppose of a reasonable conceyted matter, then oftentimes dooth the - action it selfe, in the most woorst degree of truth that can bee, - beeing equallie considered of, for example, was it - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_39a">39</span> euer helde a thing - insufferable for a Gentleman to frequent companie or to plaie at dice?<span class="sidenote"><i>Paramologia.</i></span> - May it not sometimes be iustifiable to breake a mans heade? is it a - matter of preiudice that hee who once did mee seruice was seene in my - company? Your selfe, sir, I knowe wil aunswere for me to all these, No. - Then will not I, not only not deny but I did all these, but by your - fauour, iustifie to their faces, that honestlie, lawfullie, without - offence against you, or reasonable mislike of anie other, I haue and - might againe at any time enter into the like vsage of all or any of - these, as at that time I did, when they so complained of me.</p> - - <p>The company whereof I am accused were such onely and none other as - I found in mine Inne,<span class="sidenote"><i>Commoratiō.</i></span> gentlemen ech to you wel known and of all men - generallie well reputed, the plaie that I vsed was with them, the - set by agreement not great, concluded vpon more to passe time, then - whereof to make gaine.<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i></span> Hereunto commeth a bad fellowe out of the town - accompanied with one of your tenaunts, who looking on a good while, - craued at last hee might set, which being granted, a cast fell between - him and me of a nūber to be decided, for his opinion he dared me a - good time with twenty Nobles to my geldings, I accepted the wager, the - boorde went with mee, your tenant excepted, who against all others - stood against me, and hauing this wager in his custody would not - deliuer it me. Words by such meanes multiplied, and they both arose - against mee, whereupon forced to some impatience,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonomia.</i></span> my hand made way to - my right, wherewith I quailed their resistance. Lo now sir,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epiphonema.</i></span> the matter - thus highly framed against me, lo here the losse, the pawning, the - borrowing of money, and what killing and slaying against mee reported.<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> - See here I beseech you the vnthriftines, the misrule, the il company, - and what else that malice could any waies deuise to ouerthrow me.</p> - - <p>And yet if but truely in their verie supposes they shoulde haue dealte - with me, what conceipt could they then haue found in all this to obiect - against me?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> Is it not a thing ordinary among Gentlemen when they - meete together to solace themselues with some one or other reasonable - pastime, in allowance whereof, no one is ordered by himselfe, but by - common liking of the rest? Is it not a thing naturall to man, after - wearisome trauels to vse vnto his minde some honest recreation? Is - it not accordant to ciuilitie to entertaine<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40a">40</span> times and occasions? - Affoorded you not therefore the money you gaue mee, in companie well - reputed, and in their honest exercises, moderatelie to maintaine - mee? Agreeth not hereunto your onelie dailie conuersation, your - entertainments, your continuall vse of companie applied in your owne - behauiors, and in others commended before me?</p> - - <p>What then may bee saide to condemne me?<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> the common name (perchaunce) - of the plaie, carying with it a continuall surmize of inconuenience?<span class="sidenote"><i>Paramologia.</i></span> - I need not here lay vnto your wisdome for my defence, that as well - therein, as in all other demeanors, there is <em>vse</em> which is - allowed, and <em>abuse</em>, that in it selfe is insufferable. To - commende the moderate vse hereof,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodis.</i></span> I can induce nothing more then - <em>custome</em>, and for the choise of the best obseruation, the company - must cleare mee. Nowe in auoiding the enormities, the charge (if I - misconceiue not) you gaue me, extended to the fellowship of the worst, - in whose societie nothing is so common as ill vsage, and in whose - pleasures, no one thing so ordinarie as vnthriftinesse, each of which - occasioning that euill which I seeke to shunne, hath beene herein so - far exempted, as I protest there resteth in veritie, no suspicion at - all wherewith I may be charged.</p> - - <p>But if nowe sir,<span class="sidenote"><i>Apostrophe.</i></span> you will reason of your tenauntes hurte, what therein - may bee obiected that shall not euery waie further mee: who is hee - that by nature could bee so restrained, but by the verie instinct - thereof, hee will rather kill if neede bee, then stande to be killed?<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> - Hath not the Soueraigne mother of all our earthlie beeing, armed euen - the verie Beastes themselues to their owne defence? hath not the Lyon - his clawes, the Bull his hornes, the Dogge his teeth, and the Boare - his tuskes? Doe not the worthiest sort of mankinde also contemne to be - misprized, and naturallie couet where they bee enforced, immediatlie - to be reuenged? Allotteth not the lawe vnto euerie man his right?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> Was - it not by Conuention agreed, that the winner shoulde haue the wager? - And did not the vniuersall sentence of the whole boord, adiudge it - to me? What resteth any waies then to bee alleadged whereby in this - action to accuse mee? Nay rather what is vnleft herein to condemne him,<span class="sidenote"><i>Polyptoton.</i></span> - that being your tenaunt, hauing his liuing of you and yours, beholding - as hee is to all yours, woulde yet be so vile conceipted against any - of yours, as not with ordinary<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41a">41</span> speeches alone, but with vnfitting - tearmes, with violent force woulde goe about to withstande me,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> to hurt - mee, yea desperatelie to confederate with another of my life and money - to bereaue me.</p> - - <p>But nowe to drawe vnto the last parte that toucheth my man, standing - as a coniecture for that hee was in my companie the night before, I - must conspire with him to rob you.<span class="sidenote"><i>Dialysis.</i></span> Do but cōsider sir I pray you, - what likelihood of truth this beareth: would any one be so mad as - once to harme, or go about to hurt the possessions that in right is - to no one so much as himselfe? Woulde I euer appeare so vngracious - as to confederate with a stranger, to no benefit but of himselfe, - to rob and spoile my father?<span class="sidenote"><i>Ecphonesis.</i></span> Alas, what coulde there be so aduerse - vnto Nature, as should enforce in me so vnkinde a condition? You must - needes Sir (by your fauour) something consider, what one thing or - more might bee in mee occasioning vnto the same, it must either bee - some vehement necessitie<span class="sidenote"><i>Expeditiō.</i></span> (which neuer hapened) constraining mee, some - great extremity (which you know to bee contrary) wherewith by keeping - mee too short of expence or maintenance you might enforce me, a kinde - of wanton prodigality, whereof no worlde can accuse me, ill counsell - whereunto so far forth I neuer could yeelde me, or a most detestable - and vile disposition graffed in my selfe, which no man euer found in - me. These causes as I thinke are the most likest of all others inducing - to those opinions, which howe farre they or any of them haue estranged - my condition, let but the verie consciences of my vtmost aduersaries - indifferently trie: me what if hee were in my company, is not that a - thing that without any suspition at all, might easliest of al others - happen vnto me?<span class="sidenote"><i>Dichologia.</i></span> I am not weeting of mens thoughts, neither can I - coniecture of any other but their outward demeanors: if he were il, - weigh I pray you, the fault proceedeth not from me. Sory I am that any - such conceipt by any one of mine should so much offend you.</p> - - <p>These things then falling out in such sort as they be, it may please - you sir, henceforth to allowe of this my iust Apology,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> and by the - selfe same <em>nature</em>, <em>piety</em>, and <em>louing condition</em>, - wherewith in all duty and obedience I seeme firmely charged vnto you, - in like sort to recognize and receiue mee, who notwithstanding I - confesse many waies heretofore, to haue erred,<span class="sidenote"><i>Dichologia.</i></span> yet heerein in no one - point indifferent rest I<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42a">42</span> rightlie to be challenged. The expectation - whereof hath made mee presume to the recommendation of these letters, - attending therwithal the newes of your good conceipt, and happy returne - of this bearer. From, &c. this, &c.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">TO this defence, we will for the more variety suppose a reply to - be made by the Father, the reasons whereof shall yet also consist - in the selfe same state <em>absolute</em>, yeelding thereby a more - ample demonstration of the diuersitie of constructions incident to - those places, and how by the forcible applications of their special - intendmentes, they are, or may be caried to diuers seuerall purposes. - Inasmuch, as like to their present vse in this defence they haue beene - suggested for confirmation and to the clearing of the sonnes faultines, - herein also by the same conueiance they shal be maintained by the - confutation of al his former allegations, the matter whereof, in sort - following may be considered.</p> - - <h4><i>A replie of the father confuting the allegations of the sonne,<br /> - and maintaining the causes of the former<br /> - inuectiue alleadged.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">YOur wiles (Sirra)<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> and sophisticall expositions of your owne - misdemeanours, with sundrie confirmations therein vsed, whereby to - driue me from the verie suppose of that whereunto no one thing hath - giuen more euident testimony, then the course and progression of your - whole life,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora</i></span> are either too newlie forged, to reape at my hands any - sound credite, or the metall so light, as carieth in the weight thereof - verie small substance. in my conceipt to be beleeued.</p> - - <p>Well haue you applied your wits<span class="sidenote"><i>Insultatiō.</i></span> (no doubt) and to especiall good - purpose haue your studies bin framed, that can so cunninglie cōment as - you haue done vpon so bad a text, but withdraw your measure betimes, - and cease this ouerweening,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> least by continuing your selfe in a fools - paradice, and where al things are naught, supposing nothing to be - amisse, you do (as by your deserts you haue sundry times endeuored - to lose a father) so in the end frame a desperate meane to lose your - selfe, when you may neuer be recouered.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43a">43</span></p> - - <p>The shame you haue of your mischiefe done, and guiltinesse of your - owne conscience to come in my sight, togither with a knowne mislike - that you haue receiued from mee, either to see or heare from you: you - vse as a cloake, to couer the long pretext you haue made in defence - of your euils, you haue well shewed that paper beareth no other - hue but his owne, and the letters you imprint therupon, carrie but - their proper colour.<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> - Though they falsifie a thousande actions, and - bolster vp inumerable lies, it is not seene in their chaunge, but in - a shamefast browe of him that were not past shame, the least of all - these would quickelie bee deciphered.<span class="sidenote"><i>Parison.</i></span> Is it not inough you haue done - badlie touching your selfe, vnkindlie demeaned your selfe towardes your - fathers friendes, vnthriftily consumed your time in some one or other - badde companie, run at randon euerie way to your parents and your owne - infamie, but that also in your behauiours, you will not onelie dare - to denie it, but which is woorse, in your writing seeke to defende - it. It fitteth not that I shoulde vse reasoning, neither meane I to - contend with your cautels, but for fashions sake, or (if so you list) - to beate that to your remembrance, whereof hitherto you abandon the - notice, let me aske you this one question. In all your smooth passage - and flourish made of your companie, their reputation,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synathrismus.</i></span> your ciuilitie, - small play, my allowance, and your construction vpon the same, dooth - it not drawe to this ende, that it was in an Inne, in a place filled - with all vnthriftinesse, in a dicing Chamber, in a spectacle for all - companies? Doth not the verie deliuerance of your owne fact condemne - you, dooth not the verie sequell of his entrance,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> looking on, and plaie - (whome you tearme to bee a base fellowe) impugne you? Dooth not your - after quarrell and mischiefe done oppose it selfe agaynst you? What if - all the information deliuered vnto mee in particular were not true? Is - not the substaunce true?<span class="sidenote"><i>Erotema.</i></span> <em>Nature</em> coueting recreation, is in him - that will bee modestlie gouerned,<span class="sidenote"><i>Orismus.</i></span> to be measured as well by time and - place, as by entertainment of companies, <em>Custome</em> carrying with - it selfe anie secrete insimulation of euill, is not to bee followed; - <em>ciuilitie</em> is not <em>ciuilitie</em>, when it shall bee repugnant - to a right gouerned modestie: can that be agreeing to <em>Law</em>, - which in effect is discordant from anie good order of law? Induce you - my allowance, as a confirmed <em>sentence</em> to your vaine opinions? - Why, sirra, frequented I euer anie such play<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44a">44</span> - in Innes?<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonoia.</i></span> Nay rather - did I not euer mislike it, alwaies spake against it, and in euerie - action condemne it? Stood not my conceit that being in the best part it - might be, though young men stoode neuer so much on their light gaming, - and little hinderance, it was rather an allurements and inurement to - vnthriftines then a pastime of any gentlenes, when it was vsed in a - Gentlemans house, which is by sundrie defences more tollerable, and not - in an Inne, the verie publike intertainer of all kinds of societies.</p> - - <p>At your departing from mee, your iourney laie to S. you were to - trauaile to my friendes house. In respect of the time, my reputation,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synathrismus.</i></span> - your beeing, the place, and the companie, I furnished you with money, - knowing that there, and with such persons, and in their seuerall - pleasures you were to bee conformed to companies: Hereof gaue I euer - allowance, the like whereof haue I deemed meetest for the expence and - societie of anie Gentleman, thither shoulde you haue trauelled, so in - the honest distribution of that allowed for your maintenaunce, you had - both auoyded the present mischiefe, alreadie incurred, and preuented - occasions, wherby manie times they are aduentured.</p> - - <p>It is not inough,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> not to doe euill, but we ought also to resist the - occasions of euill, what recreation I pray you, after trauell is more - natural then rest? Who more subiect to casualties, then they that - hazarde themselues to most companies?<span class="sidenote"><i>Antithesis.</i></span> What <em>custome</em> better, then - to vse our Inne for repose, the onelie and sole intent whereunto it was - prepared? Wherein is <em>ciuilitie</em> more commended then in honest - gouernment? What more lawfull for any man then laudablie to beare - himselfe? Your demeanour is tyed to your own behauiour, and not to - anothers inclinations, your actions well disposed, are not offensiue to - what by others pleasures to bee continued: had you vsed the place as it - serued for, who would haue beene discontented? Once it appeareth that - euill is come of it,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> brawlings arise, men are hurt, slanders ensue, and - infamy doth guerdon it.</p> - - <p>Touching the latter part of your Letter I say little,<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> till I haue - more deliberatelie<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> of the circumstaunce considered. Some, hoping - more of that you will bee, then I dare intende what you maie bee, - haue manie wayes in this action perswaded mee. Where much hath beene - ouerpassed, it is reason that something at length do beare<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45a">45</span> shew to - haue well deserued. Simplicitie in well doing, is farre more pleasing - then a curious definition of well dooing. When I finde proofe of your - amendement, I shall then wish to see you. Meane while, it shall behooue - you to enter into your selfe, and more circumspectly to consider what - most fittest beseemeth you, wherewith at this present my directions - shall conclude. R. this, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of another Epistle Inuectiue, pleasantly written against the<br /> - humours and conditions of a vaineglorious person.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">WEre the peeuishnes of my conceits<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> correspondent to those vaineglorious - humours of yours, I could before and sithence your exemplified - discourse committed to my view, haue vpon occasion sufficient, deuised - how and wherewith to haue preuented or answered your accustomed cauils.<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodis.</i></span> - The first whereof not hauing performed, so could I willinglie also haue - left the latter vndone by determined speech to haue beene accomplished, - were it not that hauing prooued the arrogancie to bee in you, wherewith - vniustly you charge me, I might by my ouerlong silence giue head to - your follies, and whilest by an outragious well liking of your selfe - you become ignorant of your owne mischiefs,<span class="sidenote"><i>Liptote.</i></span> you might vse a scope not - necessarie therby more farther to abuse my sufferance, as heretofore - you haue done a great many others by their common negligence.</p> - - <p>For auoyding whereof, I haue (as my leisure would induce mee) thought - good to giue place to mine owne determination, & to serue your humour - so farre forth as to answere your letter, not being stung, as you - fondlie and vainlie imagine,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ironia.</i></span> with the venome thereof, nor galled with - the opposed surmises of your munificence, wealth, credite, reputation, - and I know not what besides, all which I do suppose either to be so - skant, as no man can substantiallie discerne them, or otherwise that - you would neuer so often as you do, without a surfeiting follie enduour - to obtrude them.</p> - - <p>The policies you vse with mee are nothing straunge, which because - they are nowe growne so stale, bee euerie waie therefore the lesse - currant.<span class="sidenote"><i>Omiosis.</i></span> Howe like vnto a shamelesse woman, or some other base - conceyted creature, you appeare in your wryting, let but the matter - of your Letter testifie, if because you haue both manlie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46a">46</span> shape and - countenaunce, you will admitte neither of these similitudes, you must - bee either a childe, or a foole, and so weare a bable,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sarcasmus.</i></span> or take a horne - booke at your girdle, and get you to schoole againe.</p> - - <p>You complaine that I haue done you iniurie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> if I haue, why then doe - you not content your selfe to pursue the reuengement thereof, either - with manlike or lawfull extremitie? Whie take you for a refuge these - cankred foolish vpbraidings,<span class="sidenote"><i>Schesis onomatō.</i></span> womanish encountrings, vnseemlie lyings, - and childish threatnings. If we folow the rule you begin, we must - straight waies bee children, and then I must wrangle why you stole away - <em>Toms</em> bread and butter,<span class="sidenote"><i>Ironia.</i></span> and you must threaten if I tell of that, - you will then complaine of mee for eating vp the firmentie that was - kept for the childs breakefast, or how I drunke vp my grandams ale and - toste, or lick bread in the dripping panne, or some such like weightie - causes.<span class="sidenote"><i>Insultatiō.</i></span> A soueraigne capacitie no doubt. Is this manner of dealing - deriued I pray you from your Gentilitie, or had you it by education, or - haue you won it with your wealth, or is it incident to your reputation?<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> - Bee these your incounters? A braue canuisado, indeede, when to deface - an honest minde, you haue shot out all the venome of twentie yeares - acquaintance that you haue stuffed togethers, and all not woorth a - butterflie, then to tell to those that accompanie you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Merismus.</i></span> howe brauelie - you haue touched mee, howe with your learned enditing to so manie read - and shewed, you haue quencht mee, howe manie wayes behinde my backe, - if you were so ill disposed you could kill mee, and for default of - other matter forsooth, howe they laughed at mee to whome I haue spoke - somewhat against you, and howe master B. found <em>Socrates</em> in my - Letter, and sent to seeke out your well reputed sconce to expound it,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antiphrasis.</i></span> - not without the credit of your owne worshipfoltie to be admitted to the - sight hereof:<span class="sidenote"><i>Prosonomasia.</i></span> If I should for - carrying this insight,<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> not say you were a - great Clearke, your grauitie I knowe would condemne mee, and it would - bee thought in your deeper studies, that my senses did faile me.<span class="sidenote"><i>Charientismus.</i></span> But - alas sir, what is it that I woulde denie you? It is not I, well I wot - that haue abilitie, or if I had, woulde presume so far as to impugne - you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitropis.</i></span> what wold you more sir? I am come to your bow, and acknowledge - your credit, your worshipful acquaintance, and all else you haue - brought me to. But yet sir, after all these sporting deuises, hee is - but a Nidcote,<span class="sidenote"><i>Asteismus.</i></span> and that wise man can tell<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47a">47</span> - you, that will glory so much - in such fruitles follies.</p> - - <p>But say I tis your vaine glory? No, not so,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metonoia.</i></span> it is but a Thrasonicall - exercise. There bee that affirme Gentilitie hath no deriuation, where - is neither good nature,<span class="sidenote"><i>Anthypophora.</i></span> honesty, nor friendly condition. But what is - that to you? A man may sit vnder a stall with credit, but to be laid on - a stal, smelleth somwhat of beggership.<span class="sidenote"><i>Sarcasmus.</i></span> Go to, I warrant him he is a - proud fellow, and little of good maner knoweth, that so rudely wil dare - to speake of your maistership.</p> - - <p>Yet nowe we be in, let vs goe to it by the weeke. In odde sooth I must - tel you plainly,<span class="sidenote"><i>Apostrophe.</i></span> your occupations haue beene too manifolde to thriue by - your honesty. But perchance the terme is quaint, and you will saie this - matter of honesty is besides your profession?<span class="sidenote"><i>Charientismus.</i></span> Alacke sir, though it be, - you must pardon the writer, it was but a mistake in his penning, by ill - noting your pedegree.</p> - - <p>Tush pedegree, pedegree, here is nothing with you in hande but twitting - with pedegree. Cockes fish, these proude fellowes that haue nothing - to liue vpō to see how malapert they be,<span class="sidenote"><i>Irmus.</i></span> if they had ability to take - to as you haue, & wherwithal to beare vp their heads in yᵉ world as - you do, such credit with honorable & worshipfull, who haue multiplied - your praises for noted good parts, apparantly seen to be in you, what - would then become of their doings? Very true sir, but will not this be - sufficient to giue scope to the name of a gentleman?<span class="sidenote"><i>Asteismus.</i></span> Faith sir, to be - plaine with you, tis but as the wiser sort do hold opinion.</p> - - <p>For in our beliefe it is saide,<span class="sidenote"><i>Orismus.</i></span> that a great deale better shewe doth - it make to giue but one certaine & true demonstration of a gentleman, - then to yeeld twenty brauados, and neuer come neare the true meaning - of them, railing, lying, backbiting, slaundering, facing, vaunting, - contemning,<span class="sidenote"><i>Omoiteleton.</i></span> cogging, menacing, vpbraiding, taunting, and proudlie - defacing other mens actions,<span class="sidenote"><i>Brachiologa.</i></span> desertes, qualities, behauiours, and - vertues, are in right reckoning, in verie trueth but slender partes of - a Gentleman.</p> - - <p>You wil say,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paramologia.</i></span> I am too far bewitched to tell you of these things, you - will raile at me, you will storme at me, you will not beleeue me:<span class="sidenote"><i>Asyndeton.</i></span> you - will alleadge I am too different herein from all other opinions, your - acquaintance doe like of you, praise you, and magnifie you, very true - indeede, but they are but a fewe,<span class="sidenote"><i>Meiosis.</i></span> and such also as doe it, haue intent - but to laugh at you,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> you are but the anuile whereout they hammer - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_48a">48</span> their - pastimes, they vse you but as an instrument to bee pliable to their - turnes.<span class="sidenote"><i>Omiosis.</i></span> In this as to <em>Will Sommers</em>, they yeelde to your rages, - they sooth vp your passions, and cokes vp your humors. But vnto me, - to whom such fashions are loathsome,<span class="sidenote"><i>Apostrophe.</i></span> and in whose cares those base - purposes<span class="sidenote"><i>Synonymia.</i></span> and surfetting demeanors of yours<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> are most ridiculous and - hateful,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epizeuxis.</i></span> they are too intolerable.</p> - - <p>The Peacoke when hee spreadeth his tayle,<span class="sidenote"><i>Paradigma.</i></span> is glorious of his beautie, - but stooping downe to his feete, his feathers fall with the selfe sight - immediately. Woulde you but abase your eyes vnto the lower part of your - rising,<span class="sidenote"><i>Periphrasis.</i></span> you might then recognize your original, and seeing the simple - obiect whereout your prosperity hath beene deriued, confesse that tenne - such glorious plumes as you studie to haue aduanced, without they were - better qualified coulde scarse make a shewe beseeming the lowest part - of all that belongeth to a Gentleman.</p> - - <p>For my part it is not the shew you beare,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodis.</i></span> but the pride wherewith you - are caried that despiteth me,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hysterō proteron.</i></span> the qualities you haue, and not the - malice you vtter, that discontenteth me: whether your opinion stand - good or bad to me, it is not that I accompt of, as beeing such a one - whose censure to my knowledge, neuer stoode in that degree to bee - reckoned of.<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> Onely doubting least ouerswolne with your humours, you - should consume in your follies I haue written that I haue done, leauing - the rest to your own correction, if at least you haue any wit at al - whereby to amend them.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an other Epistle inuectiue, written in<br /> - cause of great desert against two<br /> - seueral parties.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">I Am sorie it falleth vnto my lot among matters more serious,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> that I - must at this present incomber my pen, and enforce my labours, about so - needlesse a purpose, as to decipher a knaue whome the worlde knoweth - alreadie by his colours, and a companion of his that will shortly - giue proofe of his facultie by his far spreading titles. And yet the - time hath bin when by their shadowes I could set them both to viewe, - and hauing cunningly deciphered them, could laugh at the portraiture, - imagining that there were more heades to carpe - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_49a">49</span> at their villanies then - honest meaning to excuse their treacheries.</p> - - <p>It was not amisse said amongst the wise,<span class="sidenote"><i>Sententia.</i></span> that there cā be no friendship - but amongst the good, and yet is society so common amongst men, that - there is not the arrantest varlet in the world but he will find a - companion, & why? because therein is a likelihood, which although it - cannot turne to friendship, yet growing <i lang="la">ex similitudine morum</i>, - I find no reason but that a coniunction may be of knaues as well as a - separation of honest men sometimes.</p> - - <p>Leauing your yokefellowe M. whome I esteeme<span class="sidenote"><i>Paralepsis.</i></span> so base a fellow as - comming out of the very Cell it selfe of all villanies, smelleth - so strongly of the stench thereof, that he is not worthy to come - within a mile of my paper, nor neare by a thousande Yeardes vnto - the worst parte of my studie, I will speake two or three words vnto - you maister F. which are his aduocate, and as it seemeth his second - selfe, nay rather incorporated in his bowels, and become maklenezed, - yea rather M. himselfe, for he hath taught you to handle his cause - so cunninglie, that he neede not ioine with you to lie for himselfe, - for you will lie for both, and surelie (not thinking you haue it by - nature, <i lang="la">absit</i>) I iudge it rather yᵉ infection of him who hath - so transmuted your disposition, that to boast, face, scold, and lie, - and that without shame, credite, or honesty, you surpasse as I heare, - why M. himself (of whom you are thought but the shadowe) cannot go - beyond you. You haue deliuered forth in publique speaches, that I and - my companions abused your Client with a false Lease, that we led him by - degrees into a deceiptful marriage, that I wil come with my hat in mine - hand to craue your Clients fauor, that you know me well, and thereupon - demaunded whether I was not once master L. his man, and being answered - yea, you paused, and then said, belike you knew me then.</p> - - <p>Remembring that you are become a M.<span class="sidenote"><i>Sarcasmus.</i></span> (whom alwaies I note for a shameles - liyng knaue) I wonder the lesse at your impudencie, marie if you were - an honest Gentleman, that did rather stande vppon your credit, thē vpon - such base respects to get money, by bolstering whatsoeuer villanies you - care not, I would then saie, <i lang="la">tota erras via</i>. But not shewing you - such fauour, I must needes tell you in shorte conclusion (You lie.) - And so much the rather because in the deliuerie thereof you make not a - matter of information of it, but rather as it seemeth a thing of your - owne knowledge.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_50a">50</span></p> - - <p>And because the lie seemeth rather a word of course, then commonly of - substance, without proofe added to manifest the certaintie, I further - affirme that I will bring halfe a score, honester knowne then either - you or your Client, to whome he hath confessed the contrarie himselfe, - and made knowne the same most amplie vnto their owne vnderstanding, - who by the iustifying thereof, will proue him a shamelesse lying knaue - in his slaunders, and you a prating foolish dolt in the rash deliuery - of the same vpon so sleight a grounde, to defame an honest man of - more accompt then your selfe, and that without occasion. And because - you take vpon you to know me so well, and are yet of opinion that I - wil stoop to your Client, I must tel you therein your wisdom greatly - mistaketh both my nature and condition,<span class="sidenote"><i>Charientismus.</i></span> for that I can neuer bee so - disparaged in conceipt, but that I coulde alwaies find an Asse by his - braying,<span class="sidenote"><i>Allegoria.</i></span> and scorne a rascall though he were neuer so full of vaunting.</p> - - <p>My dwelling with Mayster L. continued euermore with reputation and - credite sufficient euen to this present daie, I desire to be informed - without pausing, what you canne say to impugne the same, and albeit I - knowe a slaunderous mouth neuer wanteth whereof to gather, yet taking - mee at that present state, you shall finde mee such in trueth as all - your malice shall neuer bee able to disgrace me.</p> - - <p>You saie I dare not walke abroade, that I cannot bee seene at - Westminster as your Clyent is. It is indeede spoken like a Tinker, and - sauouring somewhat of a Coblers stall, what betwixt choler and lying, - your Client and you haue taken order, to speake nothing honestlie. - And I woonder not of it, for you haue not so much as a sauour of - honesty about you.<span class="sidenote"><i>Asteismus.</i></span> Vile malicious deuourers of men, do you thinke it - an easie thing,<span class="sidenote"><i>Emphasis.</i></span> or matter of sleight purpose, so villainouslie to - derogate a mans good name (then which to a generous minde nothing is - more precious) or do you deeme all men of so base contempt as your - selues, that they can willingly suffer all things to bee benefited by - any thing? And when you haue shamefully vttered your lies in place of - audience, dare not for your breeches stand to the lest word of smallest - moment,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.</i></span> that you let fall out of your ouerflowing venemous mouthes.</p> - - <p>But <i lang="la">de his taceo</i>,<span class="sidenote"><i>Aposiopesis.</i></span> the best is, you are both well knowne, for - the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51a">51</span> one of you, seeke all London for - a cogging,<span class="sidenote"><i>Synathrismus.</i></span> brabling, boasting, - rayling shamelesse and lying knaue, M. is the man, and hee shall doe - it. He seeking all the towne ouer for a facing Aduocate, one that - coulde handle the matter like himselfe, F. was the man: Yee are both - well met together, continue your purpose, and see the ende, for you - meane so, nay you will do it.</p> - - <p>I vse not F as he vsed me, to brabble, and to lie of him to strangers.</p> - - <p>But hauing drawne his portraiture, I send the first counterfeite to - himselfe, that seeing it hee may shunne his lewdnesse, which yet lieth - in secret, and if hee continue shall quickelie bee published, and that - to his shame openlie.</p> - - <p>I leaue you both as I found you, my paper and present matter for this - time taking end. In apparant hast, hauing otherwise more weightilie to - imploy my selfe, this last of Februarie, &c.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_6a"><i>Of Epistles Comminatorie. Cap. 6.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_t2.png" width="100" height="100" alt='T' /></span>His - <em>Inuectiue</em> seemeth to haue béene ouer sharp in the - matter, but not in the maner, for the occasions thereunto inducing - might peraduenture merite that and greater. And howbeit both the - termes and conueyance are somewhat hard, yet is it in such cases - verie tolerable, when either the vilenesse of the action, or base - demeanour of the partie doth require it. And in this point there is - a great <em>Decorum</em> principallie to be obserued, to vse a bad - person with termes correspondent to his behauior & qualitie, as in any - other laudable purpose to entertaine another party according to his - calling or dignitie. And as this title of <em>Inuectiue</em>, and that - of <em>Exprobratorie</em> before going, are néerely affianced togither: - so also is the next heereunto, which is called <em>Comminatorie</em>. - The <em>Etimologie</em> or signification whereof, is by menaces to - threaten. Insomuch as participating with a kinde of <em>Accusation</em> - for iniuries committed, it expostulateth not, nor reasoneth of - anie circumstance, obiection or qualitie, but protesting a due desert - in the partie challenged, menaceth thereupon a speedie and answerable - reuengement. This, of this title is the substance and propertie. And so - will we procéed to the examples.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52a">52</span></p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Comminatorie.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MAster D.<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> I see well by some experience had of your dealings, that - you haue small regarde of your honestie,<span class="sidenote"><i>Prolepsis.</i></span> or welfare, two things in - mine opinion, whereof each one should bee charie. Your honestie, in - respect that you keepe no promise: Your welfare, in that you neglect - the oportunitie, for releasment of that, which in the ende must lie - vpon your owne shoulders. But seeing your inconsideration is so great, - and the like respect you carrie of your owne good growne to be slender, - blame not other men that breake with you vpon desert,<span class="sidenote"><i>Antanaclasis.</i></span> nor mislike at - all their want of pittie, that haue no meane to pittie your selfe. - For my part looke for it, and you shall surelie finde it, that I will - prosecute all meanes possible to arrest you, and beeing so arrested, - I will not bee moued with intreatie, prayer, or other submission to - release you, till you haue payed the whole debt, charges and penaltie. - And whereas you sent mee worde by my man, that you could not accustome - your selfe, with one that trusted you to deale treacherouslie, I - answere againe, that if you make it so nice to bring him foorth to bee - arested for whome you are suretie: paie then the debt your selfe, and - satisfie me, and that speedilie: for if you doe not I vow I will meet - with you and that verie shortlie, when to your little content you shall - perceyue that in so vsing mee, you haue dealt most vnaduisedlie.<span class="sidenote"><i>Peroratiō.</i></span> Thinke - of it as you list, and deale with me accordinglie: and so to your best - consideration of your owne safetie, I leaue you. This ninth of Iune, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>An other example Comminatorie containing a greater<br /> - vehemencie in the deliuerie.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">VNgracious ofspring of hellish brood, whome heauens permit for a - plague,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.<br />Periphrasis.<br />Metaphora.<br /> - Aporia.<br />Emphasis.<br />Metonoia.<br />Erotema.<br />Ecphonesis.</i></span> - and the earth nourisheth as a peculiar mischiefe, monster of - mankinde, and deuourer of men, what maie I tearme thee? With what ill - sounding titles maie I rayse my selfe vpon thee? Thou scorne of the - worlde, and not scorne, but worldes foule disdaine, and enemie of - all humaine condition, shall thy villanies scape foreuer vnpunished? - Will the earth yet support<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53a">53</span> thee, the cloudes shadow thee, or the - aire breath on thee?<span class="sidenote"><i>Aphorismus.<br />Anthypophora.</i></span> What lawes be these, if at least wise such may - be tearmed lawes, whereout so vile a wretch hath so manie euasions? - But shalt thou longer liue to become the vexation and griefe of men? - No, for I protest, though the Lawes doe faile thee, my selfe will - not ouerslip thee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epizeuxis.<br />Asyndeton.</i></span> I, I am hee that will plague thee, thou shalt not - scape me, I will be reuenged of thee. Thinke not thy iniuryes are so - easie, that they are of all to be supported,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epitheton.<br /> - Periphrasis.<br />Synecdoche.<br />Pleonasmus.</i></span> for no sooner shall that - partched withered carkasse of thine, sende foorth thy hatefull and - abhorred lookes into anie publike shew, but mine eyes shall watch thee, - and I will not leaue thee, till I haue prosequuted that which I haue - intended towardes thee, most vnwoorthie as thou art to breath amongst - men,<span class="sidenote"><i>Polyptoton.</i></span> which art hated and become lothsome euen in the verie bowels and - thoughtes of men. Triumph then in thy mischiefes, and boast that thou - hast vndone mee, and a number of others,<span class="sidenote"><i>Insultatiō.</i></span> whom with farre lesse despight - thou hast forced to bende vnto thee. And when by due desert I shall - haue payed what I haue promised thee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Aposiopesis.</i></span> vaunt then (on Gods name) of thy - winnings. For my part: but I will saie no more, let the ende trie all, - liue wretchedlie, and die villainouslie, as thou hast deserued,<span class="sidenote"><i>Metaphora.</i></span> whome - heauens hencefoorth doe shunne, and the world denieth longer to looke - vpon.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_7a"><i>Of Epistles deprecatorie. Cap. 7.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_t3.png" width="100" height="100" alt='T' /></span>He - menaces of this last Epistle you may well déeme to haue issued - from a hot enraged Spirit: of which though the stile bee vehement, yet - vnto men alike humorous, the same may stand for a president. Such kinde - of inuentions and men so affected with such estranged passions, are - as we sée diuerslie found, wherof I thought good to giue foorth this - example to bee considered, the waight neuerthelesse to bee measured - as in the others before to the person and matter occurrent. And nowe - will we to the last of all this state <em>Iudiciall</em>, which are the - Epistles <em>Deprecatorie</em>. The title of these Epistles carrieth a - name, accordant to the submissiue matter in them contayned, for their - efficacies are onlie carried by entreatie, request of fauour, good - opinion, allowance or pardon<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54a">54</span> of anie iniurie or offence conceyued - or committed. In good natures, it is a thing proper to weigh with - themselues, howe much anie waies they stand charged, whether by respect - of person, dutie, friendship or soueraigntie, accordinglie thereupon - to frame their speeches or writings. Yet is not the matter hereof - Supplicatorie, as growing by waie of petition. But rather an honest and - gentle submission to the good liking, estimate or friendlie respect of - such, vnto whome, or by whome we are either accused, tied, charged, or - constrained, clearing, if it may be, or honestly otherwise mitigating - or auoyding what sinisterly, or vpon some intended conceit, may be - drawne to be against vs, and of the vse hereof to be spoken let this - now be sufficient.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Deprecatorie, where the partie is<br /> - charged in good opinion.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">WHen a Phisiognomer<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> by chaunce (hauing beene famous in other places) - came into the <em>forum</em> of <em>Athens</em>, hee declared by the view - of diuers mens faces the diuersitie of their conditions,<span class="sidenote"><i>Hypotyposis.</i></span> whereupon (for - better triall of his Arte) hee was demaunded what (<i lang="la">Prima facie</i>) - he thought of <em>Socrates</em>, he answered, by his countenance, to be - a man of verie euill condition. The people which knew the contrarie, - growing thereby into great rage, were readie to driue him out of the - <em>forum</em>. But <em>Socrates</em> comming forth. Be not angrie (quoth - he) for such a one might I haue beene, if by Philosophie I had not - corrected my maners.</p> - - <p>By this might bee inferred (right Woorshipfull) that at the first - shewe, it is not good to giue rash iudgement of anie man, for the - Phisiognomer beeing able to iudge what men might bee, was not able to - say iustlie such they are: In like manner, your Worship hauing beene - led by misreports, are able to say, thus it is spoken, but not so it is.</p> - - <p>To my great griefe it is informed vnto mee,<span class="sidenote"><i>Narratiō.</i></span> that by the sinister report - of mine aduersaries, you thinke hardly of me. And so much the rather - haue I cause to bee grieued, for that in the mouth of an ignorant - person, I am not therby iudged of, but by the sentence and opinion of - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_55a">55</span> - the wise, held a man badly demeaned, careles, and such a one as beareth - small reputation.</p> - - <p>Beleeue mee sir, and if it please you to take further notice of me, you - shal find it true, that it is more euill vnto me to be adiudged loose - of a wise man, then of a thousand base persons to be vtterly condemned, - for that the one speaketh of skill, and the other of a bad conceipt,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epanodis.</i></span> - the first wishing all men to bee good, the other confessing no man to - be sufficient, that is not possessed with euil.</p> - - <p>My aduersaries haue brought many heauy informations vnto you tending - in outward shew to my great disgrace, naming me as it pleaseth them, a - man (as they thinke of themselues) indifferent for all purposes. But - because I know you to bee wise, and thinke it a matter of no small - accompt to be well thought of at your hands: I am therfore the more - carefull to cleare my selfe, and do beseech you, that you will hold for - firme what I do here set down: assuring your selfe, that whatsoeuer my - aduersaries report of me, I doe make accompt what speeches passe from - me: and those that I deliuer vpon credite, I will performe with trust.</p> - - <p>This then I say for aunswere generall, to whatsoeuer they canne obiect, - that if any parte of that in substaunce they haue deliuered vnto you - for certaine bee true, I will loose the credite of a Gentleman, and bee - regarded as I repute them: and besides, will repay whatsoeuer is to me - paide, and release what nowe I haue in sute against them.</p> - - <p>Besides, pleaseth it your Worship for my credit sake to haue the - hearing of the cause, I will come face to face, and (though I knowe - the one of them to haue a shamelesse countenance) of himselfe, yet - let bring what counsell he will with himselfe, if I ouerthrowe not - euery matter obiected, and proue my selfe an honest man, I will loose - the debte and my credit too, which I accompt aboue all debts. Haue - not I then had great cause (hauing beene as vnto you, so in diuers - other places besides verie vniustlie railed at and defamed) to write - vnto these persons, and inueigh against them for it? Behold my letter - throughout, being well considered of, it shall bee euident that I had - great cause, and that very manifold to do it: for my part I knowe not - what others deeme, but touching my selfe, I had rather lose my life - then my good name, then which vnto me nothing is of more regard, - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_56a">56</span> and I - tell you sir, if F. or a better man then he maketh no more reckoning, - but to defame me without a cause, he shal know and vnderstand that my - credit is deare vnto me, and that to maintaine the contrarie he shall - find a hard reckoning.</p> - - <p>I spende not my time in making of Lybels, but to write in reproofe of - him that abuseth mee, which I take so highlie in griefe, as namelie, - they shoulde be so shamelesse to report that vnto your Worship which - they cannot stande to, that I holde it a wretchednes therein to be - silent, and a mischiefe for credit sake not to discouer a trueth.</p> - - <p>Beseeching your worship of fauour and credite,<span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> to me and my rude lines, - I humblie take my leaue, beeing alwaies ready to auouch what here I - haue set down, wherof not failing I remaine</p> - - <div class="right">Your worships whensoeuer to<br /> - <span class="mr5">be commanded.</span></div> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Deprecatory, in cause<br /> - of wrong supposed to bee<br /> - committed.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIr, your Letters more troublesome to my conceipts,<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> then sauoring (as I - am credibly led to thinke) of that your woonted most noble disposition - vnto mee, I haue receiued. With what supportation and vnaccustomed - griefe I haue retained them, I refer to anie one (guiltlesse accused - and suspended from so high fauours as formerly by your bountie hath - been to me performed) simplie to be coniectured. Long was it ere I - could satisfie my selfe by any accesse that might bee to proffer my - selfe or these humble Letters vnto you: Yet neuerthelesse weighing howe - farre different these newe occurrentes were from those your auncient - fauours, I surmised with my selfe that the instigation proceeded soly - from others, hardlie perchaunce bearing those graces wherein I stoode - with you, and becomming thereupon my bitter enemies, the sinister - deuise whereof, stood vpon me wholy to ouerthrow or impugne. For - which hauing no other or better meane at this instant, then these my - submissiue<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57a">57</span> lines, I propose them vnto you, as solicitors of your - former liking, confessing that if any waies I haue erred vnto you, as - I will not vtterlie seclude my selfe from any errour, it was but as - a young man, and rather by ignoraunce,<span class="sidenote"><i>Dicæologia.</i></span> then of malice anie waies to - bee intended. And as touching any other obiection, let mee but craue - pardon to haue accesse vnto your presence, and then iudge as you finde - mee.<span class="sidenote"><i>Silepsis.</i></span> Two waies are onelie left, my accusers to my face, or mine owne - simplicitie to cleare me. This is all I require, and so much I hope you - will not denie me. Wherewith resting in the due acknowledgement of that - your former bounty, I humbly surcease. This fifteenth of Nouember.</p> - - <h4><i>An example of an Epistle Deprecatory, pleasantly<br /> - written to answere a former<br /> - Letter.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">THe long sweating paines wherein your good selfe<span class="sidenote"><i>Exordium.</i></span> (my verie good friend - A) haue lately trauelled with your weatherbeaten barke, to aunswere - my Letters, moueth mee (howe simply so euer) to reply a little to the - same. Wherein, pardon first craued for so meane a wit, at a suddaine, - to take vppon it, to encounter so selected a stile, wherewith your - youthfull yeares are so replenished, I go to the matter.</p> - - <p>Touching the iar you make of my formost writing, and late inciting you - to the tediousnesse of your studying, which for the causes alleadged, - your curtesie yet vouchsafeth to allow of, I, with so friendlie a - prospect as may be to so respectiue a iudgement, do right curiously - thanke you.</p> - - <p>The compasse of your writing, according to the measure it beareth, - being so much mystical, as that the grossenesse of my wit cannot - well conceiue of, hauing drawne thereinto as it seemeth, the very - quintessence of those well performed partes, that in your person - are resiant, maketh me post off the answere, till by a more deepe - consideration I may better conforme me vnto it. Wherein I must confesse - in very deed, that all that may be within or without, ouer or vnder, or - besides master B. you haue to the vttermost strained.</p> - - <p>For the paines you haue taken, I must pray you pardon though - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_58a">58</span> I render - you no profit. My forgetfulnesse also in prising the simple value I - beare, with your worthines, & many other beautified parts of your - gentlenes, you must also let slip, otherwise I am vndone with the - griefe, and so I would sir, your worship did take it.</p> - - <p>Nowe as touching the forgoing complaint you thrust in of your wants, I - could hardly beleeue that in the action you beare you could so greatly - be distressed. Neuerthelesse, for the little time I haue beene of your - masterships acquaintance, I haue vnderstoode of some that weare a - veluet suite with as small inheritance as your selfe, who haue vsed the - matter as slenderlie as may be, by any great credit to bee accompted of.</p> - - <span class="sidenote"><i>Epilogus.</i></span> - - <p>Yet must you needes giue me leaue to be gone, for the tide tarieth no - man, but if you find your selfe in the lurch before I returne againe, - the best is, at my home comming you know where to find me. <i>Et sic - valeas</i>, gentle friend <i>Topas</i>.</p> - - <h3 id="Chap_8a">Of Epistles familiar. Chap. 8.</h3> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">WIth this pleasant direction I thinke meete at this present to - conclude these last Letters Iudiciall, and therewith also the verie - ende of all our Letters speciall, so tearmed by me as aforesaide, for - the speciall matters and conueyance to them seuerallie appropriate. - And nowe the next and last in turne, are those letters familiar, - for the ordinarie causes and matters of handling in them likewise - contained, so formerly named. Little informations néede here, more then - the directions alreadie in the Chapters of the first Booke that haue - beene deliuered, for their stile and methode. Seeing the common matter - in them vsuallie frequented, challengeth no such districtnesse in - propertie or conueiance, as was required in the others, only they for - orders sake as the rest, are herein to be distinguished (the better to - be found out & known by their partes) vnder their seuerall titles. The - first whereof appeareth to bee <em>Narratory</em> and <em>Nunciatorie</em>, - both alike in their vsage, consisting onelie in aduertisementes of - affaires, from friende to friende, seruant to maister, or generallie to - speake, from one person to an<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59a">59</span> - other, the examples whereof according to - the seuerall properties do plentifullie ensue.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter Nunciatorie from a sonne to his father or friends,<br /> - touching his being in seruice.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY humble dutie remembred, good father, vnto you and my mother: These - are to aduertise you, that I am, I thanke God, in good health. As - touching my placing heere with my maister, I doe like verie well of the - trade, but I doe not thinke the seruice fit for me, as well for that it - seemeth, that more for the money that shall bee giuen with mee, then - for any desire to my good, hee is willing to haue mee. Besides, for - ought that I can learne, my maister is verie backeward in the worlde, - so that what minde soeuer you carrie to my placing here, I doubt it - will turne to verie small purpose. Neuerthelesse, as my dutie is, I doe - gladly submit my selfe to your pleasure, and am willing as becommeth - me, to do in all things according to your will. And euen so with my - heartie commendations to my Vnkle and Aunt, with my brothers and - sisters, I leaue further to trouble you: desirous, if it may seeme good - vnto you, that I may verie shortlie see you. From L. this thirteenth of - Februarie, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter Nunciatorie in another sort of the selfe<br /> - same matter.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod father, hauing the oportunitie of this bearer, I thought good to - certifie you of my present beeing, giuing you to vnderstande that I - am, I thanke God and you, in good health, and verie well placed heere - in London, where I am in hope to continue my heere beeing to some - profitable purpose. My maister vseth mee in verie good sort, and I - lacke nothing that appertaineth vnto such a one as my selfe. I trust - you shall haue ioy of mee, and ere a fewe yeares passed, I doubt not - but so to behaue my selfe, that I shall well deserue this good lyking - that alreadie I haue of my Maister, and further credite also at his - handes, and imployment about his businesse. I hope that you and my - mother, and all our friendes in the Countrey are in good health. I - pray you that you will<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60a">60</span> - write vnto my Maister as occasion serueth, and - thanke him for his good vsage: and if you can to remember him with - some conuenient token from the Countrey. Thus desiring your daylie - blessings, and remembring my humble dutie to you and my mother, I take - leaue, From L. this of, &c.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">THese presidents as they are here vsed, may be applied to any the - like purpose, of what qualitie soeuer the seruant be, or the seruice, - whence the same is deliuered, there néedes but change of names, and - contrarie applications, according to the being of the parties to be - vsed, and this onelie forme to be obserued and continued. And so will - we now to the other examples.</p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle Narratorie containing aduertisements from one<br /> - friend to another.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY good N. you shall vnderstande by this bearer what speeches I haue - had in your behalfe, with Maister R. F. whome to tell you trueth, I - found at the first time verie strange, but after wee had a while - debated of the cause, and that I had enformed vnto him all those - reasons, which stoode both for your benefite and his owne satisfaction, - he was verie well contented. You haue much to thanke this Gentleman, - who omitted no part of a friend to deliuer in your absence what he - saw meetest to the purpose, and that in sooth with so deliberate and - sound resolution, as my selfe for your sake must needes also thinke the - better of him. I do refer the circumstance to both your leysures to be - debated on. And as touching that you willed me to deale for, with your - Vncle, it is, I see, to verie little profite, for that his suspicious - humours are such, as will not with anie reason whatsoeuer be diuerted. - I coulde tell you a Hystorie of that matter, but I leaue all to our - next meeting. My brother S. desired mee heartilie to commend him vnto - you, and so did your olde seruant D. You shall by the next Carrier - either heare further of me, or else verie shortlie thereupon you may - expect to see mee. And euen so with my heartiest commendations till - then I bid you fare well, S. this fifteenth of August, &c.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61a">61</span></p> - - <h4><i>A Letter of aduertisement from a sonne to his father.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY humble duty remembred good father vnto you, and my mother. It maie - please you to vnderstande, that vpon the receyte of your Letters - sent mee by P. your man, I haue done your commaundement. And whereas - you expected an aunswere by the carrier, for that P. went forwarde - Westwardes in his iourney, I could not till this present write vnto you - to anie effect. I haue receiued of Maister N. the twentie poundes which - shoulde haue beene paied at Easter last, and for the continuation of - my here beeing, I thinke it would turne you to some profite, so be it - I may be furnished accordinglie. Wools are as yet at high rate, but I - thinke shortlie they will fall, wherefore I haue not yet thought meete - to laie out anie monie about them. The next weeke you shall receiue by - C. the Carrier fortie poundes. And if it please you then to returne by - him those parcels of wares that I last wrote vnto you of, they will - now come in verie good time, respecting that the Faire at F. is nigh, - and for ought I yet perceyue, they are like to bee well solde there. - This is all I haue to write vnto you at this present, sauing my heartie - desire of your health, and likewise of my mother, with all my brothers - and sisters. It is here sayde, G. hath verie lewdlie demeaned himselfe - in his maisters businesse, whereby maister L. is like to bee much - indangered. Praying your daylie blessings vnto me, I humblie recommend - you to the Almightie. From B. this thirtie of May.</p> - - <hr class="tb" /> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">ACcordant vnto this last Letter maie any seruant frame himselfe - to aduertise his master of his affaires, altering onelie the names - of directions, and the matter as occasion serueth. Neuerthelesse - forsomuch as in causes of other accidents beyond the seas, both - masters haue occasion to write vnto their seruants or factors, and - likewise the seruant or factor to answer them againe, whereof perchance - some examples in this methode might also be sought for. As néere as - my little guesse in those causes will serue me, I wil set you down - some directions. Noting by the way, that the infinit number of all - occurrents are not herein to be satisfied, though to as many as bee - néedfull examples are intended to bee<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62a">62</span> - giuen. Onely the learner must - consider, that the true and proper intendment hereof, is but for an - orderly conueiance of euery action to be prescribed, wherout one - direction picked, must and may well serue for a number in that or the - like degrée, vpon other occasions to be suted. Neuerthelesse, that - as well in this, as the former booke, we haue omitted no trauell for - the ease and better instruction of the studious to giue vnto them, of - euery common or néedfull matter, as manie seuerall directions, as that - the leading along of the same herein, may be wel iudged to be most - plentifull. According whereunto, of these two last recited partes, wee - will now sort you out some particular examples, of the first whereof - from the maister to the seruant, you shall expect hereafter vnder - the title Mandatorie, & of the second this example ensuing may be a - president.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter from a seruant or factor to his maister.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIr, my humble dutie remembred vnto you, and my good Mistresse, you may - please to vnderstand that I haue laden for your account in the good - ship called the R of B. according to your remembrance sent vnto me for - the same, by maister S. T. seuen Buts of Secke, which cost the first - pennie seuenteene Duckats the Butte: marked with your accustomed marke - in the margent. Moreouer, fiue Roues of Cochinelie, verie excellent - good, and of fine colour: which cost after Duckats the Kintall. All - which I hope by Gods grace shall safelie come vnto your hands, I send - you also herein inclosed your bill of lading: I wrote formerlie vnto - you for certaine commodities out of England by maister D. L. who came - alongst in the Fleete of L. and is as I vnderstand, safely arriued from - <em>Lyons</em> againe. Here is at this present small newes worth the - writing vnto you, wherefore, praying Almightie God for the health and - prosperitie of you and all yours, I humbly take my leaue. From L. this - of, &c.</p> - - <div class="right"><i>Your faithfull and readie seruant at command.</i></div> - - <h3 id="Chap_9a"><i>Of Epistles Remuneratorie. Chap. 9.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-cap">I<span class="antiqua">N the writing of this last Letter, there was shewed mee by the - Printer, a booke called the</span> Marchants Auiso, <span class="antiqua">helping, and in - mine<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63a">63</span> opinion most fully & amplie - suffizing to this instruction. And - for as much as the conuieance of these letters, bee rather matters - priuate to Merchantes aduenturers, then resting in publique for anie - other vsers, I haue determined herein for that sorte, vnder this</span> - Narratorie <span class="antiqua">or</span> Nunciatorie <span class="antiqua">title to laie downe my limits, - referring the desirous of further direction, vnto the writer of - that Booke, whose labour for that purpose, not without his speciall - desert, cannot be by me or anie other to such end better furnished or - deliuered, his tearmes being most currant to those kind of dealinges, - and his methode also best answering vnto the true passages thereof. - For which in supplement of the residue of the required examples - yet vnfitted to this my</span> Secretorie, <span class="antiqua">I will proceed vnto - the next title of these familiar letters, which appeare to be</span> - Remuneratorie. <span class="antiqua">This title serueth to a</span> Remuneration <span class="antiqua">or - thankfull acknowledgement of benefits receiued, and to such end is by - the examples thereof to be imploied. And in so much as vnto euerie one - well conditioned, or of good and liberall education, it is a thing - pertinent, not to omit the respect of euerie benefit without some - thankefull consideration, it shall behooue that according to the estate - or qualitie of the partie, from whome we receiue the same, we do frame - our letters of thankes, which to our betters, equalles and inferiours - are in sundrie sortes to be deliuered, and according to the dignitie - and worthinesse of euerie one, excelling or going before vs, are euer - to be measured, and with the more or lesse submissiue and humble - acknowledgment is alike to be caried. Neuerthelesse, that according - to the efficacie of speech in each of them deliuered, the greatnesse - and weightie respect of euerie good turne, is by the considerate and - respectiue regarde thereof, the more amplie to be perceiued.</span></p> - - <h4><i><span class="large">An example of an Epistle Remuneratorie</span><br /> - from an inferiour, to one far his better in<br /> - reputation and calling.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">TO recognize (Sir) in multitude of wordes, howe much charged I stande - vnto your bounteous and euer curteous regard towards<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64a">64</span> mee, were vnto - your wisdome I knowe but friuolous, who better respecteth the inwarde - seruice intended of anie one, (whereof I humblie beseech you on my - parte to stande assured) then an outwarde behauiour, the validitie - whereof maie manie waies bee doubted.</p> - - <p>Yet neuerthelesse, in that the thoughts of men are only in word or - action to bee deciphered, let it I beseech you stande with your good - fauor that I may by these few lines confesse my selfe bound vnto you. - And for the residue, when it shall seeme good vnto your Worship to - command me, I will not haue life or abilitie that shall not be yours, - in al that it may please you to vse me.</p> - - <h4><i><span class="large">A Letter remuneratory from a Gentlewo-</span><br /> - man of good sort to a noble man her<br /> - kinsman.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY good L. howe much I am bounde vnto your L. for multitude of fauours, - and especially that it pleased you to thinke so well of me, as to - write your fauourable letters in my behalfe: I can by no other waies - expresse, then to continue your L. most humbly affectionate poore - kinswoman, & wil for euer acknowledge it as of your great goodnes, - beyond any merit of mine owne. And as my bounden duty is, no day - shal passe me that I will not pray to God for your L. health and - prosperitie, and the redoubling of your daies. Beseeching your L. to - excuse this my boldnes, and to pardon me that in person I cannot do my - humble duty, but by writing, my Lady making such haste away, as so much - time wil not be permitted me. I most humbly therefore take my leaue of - your L. From S. this eleuenth of Nouember.</p> - - <h4><i><span class="large">A Letter remuneratory from one</span><br /> - friend to another.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod M. D. my breach of promise in not hauing visited you with deserued - requitall, sithence my departure, maie breede - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_65a">65</span> suspicion and doubt of - ingratefulnesse, but I hope, and by hope presume, that of your owne - good disposition towards all your acquaintance, you will yeelde vnto - an approoued trial before you condemn. For my part, if I should not - owe vnto you all honest minde and fidelitie, I shoulde much contrary - your great curtesie, and deseruedlie incur the shame of ingratitude. - You knowe that hauing swaied, as I haue done, out of the limits of - a comptrolled rule, and displeased so much thereby as my case hath - bewraied vnto you, those whome by nature and duty I ought to be awed - vnto, it is reason that by a more district obseruance I make amendes - for the residue. My father it seemeth though not yet by me, hath - otherwise vnderstoode how much I stand yoked vnto you, and thinketh - himselfe for all his sons vnthriftines somwhat therein to be tied - vnto you. His meaning is one of these daies to intreat your paines - hitherwards. But how euer deserts be noted, or care by nature doth - binde, assure your selfe whilest life leadeth along this earthly - coarse, I am and will bee alwaies most vnfainedlie yours. To whom, and - your good bedfellowe, I most hartily and often commend me. From B. this - of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i><span class="large">A Letter remuneratorie from a</span><br /> - Better to his inferiour.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">T. F. I haue vnderstoode by my seruaunt P. howe much I am beholding vnto - you for your paines taken in my behalfe, about such busines as I sent - him, for which I not onlie thanke you for the present, but will remaine - your willing friende to requite you in anie thing that I maie. It was - tolde mee you had occasion to trauell this way verie shortly, I pray - you if you doe, let mee see you. And looke you faile not to vse me as - your good friende, if at anie time you fortune to haue neede of me. - Wherein doubt you not but you shall finde my readinesse as great as - your forwardnesse hath beene already in my businesse. And so doe bid - you hartily farewell. From T. this of, &c.</p> - - <div class="right">Your louing friend, &c.</div> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66a">66</span></p> - - <h3 id="Chap_10a">Of Epistles Iocatorie. Chap. 10:</h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_t2.png" width="100" height="100" alt='T' /></span>Hus - haue wee deliuered vnto you of euerie of these sutes their - seuerall examples, wherein you must note, that if you write to your - better a letter <em>Remuneratorie</em>, you maie not promise vnto - him your gratefulnes with the verie word of requitall, but rather by - the proffer of seruice or other affectionate meaning in you, to the - answering of such curtesies as haue beene receiued. And next hereunto - will we passe vnto the title <em>Iocatorie</em>. The letters of - this sute are such as of some pleasant conceipted vain, do procéed - from one familiar friend or acquaintance to another, rather of some - sporting deuise then of anie important matter. The vse is common - among pleasant heades, and rather suted forth according to their - present vaines, then vpon anie prescribed order. Such whereof is at - the end of our Epistles <em>Commendatorie</em>, & one other vnder the - title <em>Consolatorie</em> mentioned in the former of these bookes, - and likewise a third vnder the title <em>Deprecatorie</em>, written - in this last part of letters, & a like whereunto was once written - by my selfe, and three or foure other of a merie acquaintance, to a - parson beeing our familiar, and one of good nature and disposition in - the country, wherein each one wrote a line of a seueral hand, and as - occasion fel out, inserted his sporting deuises, with many odde quips & - meriments, wherwith the good Parson thought himselfe greatlie wronged, - till he knew from whence it came. But in so much as to an inuention - onlie naturallie to be expected, no method can be well prescribed, I - leaue the Epistles of this sort to the discretion of the writer, as - his fantasie serueth to be pursued. And goe to the next, which are - called <em>Gratulatorie</em>. For as the one is a pleasant, merie and - sporting vaine, so is this a kind of reioicing, but in a more modest - and curteous maner, ouer the good healths, fortune, or other good - partes or preferments, of our friendes, kindred, or acquaintance, whose - examples to their proper purposes are nowe next to be deliuered.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67a">67</span></p> - - <h4><i>An Epistle Gratulatorie from one friend to another.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">SIr, I was verie sorie to vnderstand by the common report of our - neighbours of your great sicknes, as of such a one whom our countrie - should misse, and I promise you as much as anie poore welwiller of - yours, I grieued thereat, but being certainlie againe assured of your - good recouerie, I praise God in my thought for the same, and do reioice - it hath pleased his goodnes to bring you to your former strength. - Whereof hauing no better nor more apparant token at this present, then - my heartie well wishing, I thought it parcell of an honest purpose to - signifie the same vnto you by writing, especiallie hauing therunto so - good and fitte oportunitie, as this bearer, whome entirelie I knowe to - loue and regard you. And euen so with my heartie commendations to your - selfe, and my good Coosen your wife, I heartilie bid you farwell, From - B. this of, &c.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter Gratulatorie from a wife to her husband.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod husbande, I am glad that you haue at the last remembred your - selfe by this bearer, to write vnto me, who haue thought it verie long - to heare from you. I doe greatlie reioice of the good and prosperous - successe of your iourney, and chieflie that you haue endured your - trauel so well, being in so good plight and strength of bodie, as I - vnderstand you are by your Letter. We are much beholding vnto our - good friends in the Countrie, that haue giuen you so great and good - entertainment. And I heartilie pray you to commend mee vnto them. Your - businesse heere at London goeth well, thankes bee to God, and wee haue - no want of any thing but your presence, which if you would once hasten - hitherward, it were a comfort vnto vs all to see you, hauing beene as - me seemeth verie long absent. But maister C. and his friendes where - you are, vseth you so kindlie, that I thinke you cannot well tell howe - to winde your selfe out from your good companie. Yet good husbande - remember that at the last you must come home, and the sooner the - better. I referre all to your good discretion, and so commend mee most - heartilie vnto you. From L. this of, &c.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68a">68</span></p> - - <h4><i>A Letter Gratulatorie from one to his kinsman seruing in London.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod Coosen, I am glad to heare of your good preferment in London, - and that, as I heare by your father and mother, you are so wel placed - there, and with so good a Maister. It is no little comfort vnto mee - to vnderstande, that you doe so resolutelie, and with so good a minde - dispose your selfe to your businesse, which I gladlie wish you would - continue. You must nowe remember that your friends with great charge, - care and industrie haue brought you vp, and that their intent and - meaning therein was, that in expectation thereof, they should haue - ioy and comfort of you in your elder yeares. For which, as you haue - now bequeathed your selfe to this place of seruice, so must you for - any feare of hard vsage, bitternesse of speech, or other mislike of - tauntes or rebukes, make account to endure and continue. It may be, - being yet vnacquainted with the customs and vsages of London, you doe - now at the beginning thinke well of that, which hereafter maie turne to - a discontentment: but good Coosen, so be it you haue no want of things - needfull and necessarie, frame your selfe to forbeare all other crosse - matters whatsoeuer, and giue you wholie on Gods name, to the benefite - of your seruice. You shall want therein no helpe, furtherance, or - incouragement on mine and your friends behalfe, who reioycing in that - alreadie to see you so well behaued, doe daylie praie to God to prosper - and blesse you. And thus with my heartie commendations I bid you fare - well. B. this of, &c.</p> - - <div class="right"><i>Your Vnkle carefull of your<br /> - <span class="mr5">well doing, T. B.</span></i></div> - - <h3 id="Chap_11a"><i>Of Epistles Obiurgatorie. Chap. 11.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">THese three examples may bee sufficient to serue to anie matter of - this title: seeing in eyther of them is required but an alteration of - the cause whereupon wee frame our Letter to reioyce vpon: the forme of - conueyance is all one. For which we will hence procéed to the next in - course being <em>Obiurgatorie</em>, or a rebuking of the ill vsages, - demeanors or parts of any one.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69a">69</span> It sauoreth somewhat of the - <em>Monitorie</em> and <em>Reprehensorie</em> kindes before going, but in a - different maner: for that the efficacy of those Epistles do beare force - in matters publike or notorious, and these in vsages priuate and of - lesse importance. The order whereof by the examples following maie be - the better perceiued.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter Obiurgatorie from a maister to his seruant.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">AMong some other causes that latelie haue beene aduertized vnto me - from my good and louing friends, it is made knowne vnto me, that you - in my absence, as well towards your Mistresse, whom in my place I haue - appointed ouer you, as among others your fellowe seruants, doe take - much vpon you. You runne and goe at your pleasure, wade into vnseemelie - courses, and giue your selfe vnto some other matters, neither fitting - the trust on you reposed, nor answering vnto my seruice. The newes - hereof, you must thinke pleaseth me not verie well, neither can I - with patience digest, that a companion of your being, to whom by my - sole fauour I haue giuen place of direction in my house, should be - so imperious ouer my wife and her due command in mine absence. Your - wide wandring & common haunts at your liking, cannot by all coniecture - be vnto mine estate profitable. Wherefore in signification that I am - nothing well pleased with these so lauish demeanors, if by the next - report I hear not that they are better amended, you are shortlie - thereupon likelie inough to find how ill contenting they be vnto - my humours: with which priuate rebuke, if priuatelie so it may bee - considered, being at this present resolued to conclude, I attend the - redresse of these euils: and so giue my selfe to my further trauels. - From B. this of, &c.</p> - - <div class="right"><i>Your maister to requite you as you shall deserue.</i></div> - - <h3 id="Chap_12a"><i>Of Epistles Mandatorie. Chap. 12.</i></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_t3.png" width="100" height="100" alt='T' /></span>He - force of these Epistles, mingled, as I said before, with the - other Titles in the last Chapter declared, may for further matter or - other occasions therin required, draw yᵉ plenty of their examples - from those <em>reprehensorie</em><span class="pagenum" id="Page_70a">70</span> - and <em>Comminatorie</em>, kindes - alreadie specified, this, for any other like direction being thereunto - for this place sufficient. And now the last of these familiar titles - ensueth, which is called <em>Mandatorie</em>. These Letters haue their - titles of such directions, matters in charge, or other instructions, - as by writing from one person to another are deliuered, and are the - most ordinarie in vsage of all other letters that are amongste vs - frequented. The conueyance whereof in these following Examples shall be - tendered.</p> - - <h4><i>A Letter mandatorie from a maister to his seruant or factor,<br /> - being beyond the seas.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY heartie desire of your good sucesse and wel-fare intended, which - I hope God will blesse, I maruell that I haue receyued no Letters - from you since the fourth of March last, I hope you doe neuerthelesse - continue your good care and trust in mine affaires, whereof I nothing - doubt. I wrote by maister N. in the good ship called the P. of London - vnto you, which will shortly by Gods grace arriue at B. and is bound - for L. vnto my coosen T. R. for all your necessities to giue you ayd as - well in counsell as money: howbeit I hope you haue no great want of - either, considering those trusty friends I haue remaining where you - are, and your owne allowed diligence which formerlie I haue proued. - I do now send you by a bill of lading in the good ship called the S. - of D. those commodities you last wrote vnto mee of, viz. one packe of - verie fine broad cloathes, & twentie Tuns of Lead: the broad cloathes - stand me with all charges in sixteene pounde a cloath. I hope you will - haue regarde to the selling of these commodities to my best aduauntage, - wherein I pray you do your best endeuour as the market serueth. And - for the money arising thereof, I would haue you to employ on these - commodities there, which are here most vendible, wherof I principally - wrote vnto you in my last letters, which I doubt not by this time you - haue receiued. Otherwise I would haue you to confer with my coosen T. R. - there abouts. And thus desiring Almighty God to blesse and prosper you, - whom I desire you in all your actions and dealings to remember, I bid - you heartily farewell. L. this last of Maie.</p> - - <div class="right"><i>Your maister willing in all things to requite<br /> - <span class="mr5">your seruices, &c.</span></i></div> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71a">71</span></p> - - <h4><i>Another Letter mandatory from a maister<br /> - to his seruaunt.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">ALbeit I haue manie occasions to write vnto you by this bearer, which - time will not suffer me to doe: Neuerthelesse such as are most needfull - I will hereby remember you of. At my departure from N. I gaue order for - certaine wares to bee sent vnto you from thence by the carier of C. and - thereof did then write vnto you at large in a Letter, and sent inclosed - in that letter a bill of the parcels. Now hauing sithence considered - with my selfe of the matter, my desire is that you do not transporte - them as I was determined, but let them rest vntill my home comming, - for that there is a shippe shortly going for B. of M. Alderman H. with - whome I am determined to ioine in the whole freight, and meane by Gods - grace therein to passe both those and some other commodities. About - thursday next, there is one T. B. appointed by my coosen L. P. to come - vnto you for fiftie pound, if he do come let him haue the money, and - take his note for the receipt, and this shall be your warrant. I would - haue you to looke to the waters side if the wind continue Southward, - for it is now serueth wel, and I doubt not but to heare from Lisbon, - for gladly would I vnderstand of our shipping, and of such letters as - shall be sent I wish you to take notice, and if I returne not before, - vse circumspection I pray you to prouide for their returne accordingly. - The haste of this bearer wil not suffer me to write more, only looke to - my businesse, haue care of the trust in you reposed, and commend me to - your mistrisse, tel her I will hasten homewards, as fast as I can. And - so to God I commit you. R. this of, &c.</p> - - <div class="right">Your louing maister, &c.</div> - - <h4><i>A Letter mandatory from a man to his wife.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">GOod wife, considering my hasty departure from you and my children, - my hope is that you wil haue that louing and respectiue care towards - them and your familie, that appertaineth. I haue left many things raw - by reason of the suddennes of my iourney, which standeth vpon your - good regard to be ordered, as namely the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72a">72</span> - charge of my seruantes, and - disposition of some other affaires and businesse. You shall nowe shewe - your selfe a carefull and discreete wife, if in mine absence, you will - a little take vpon you to be in my place. Regard and consider with your - selfe, that seruants are negligent and carelesse, and if the maister - forget his owne profit, they are as readie as others to share with - his gaines. Your painfull attendance to ouerlooke them, shal straine - their labours to my vsing, your desire to see into them, shall worke - their vsage to my well seruing. You must now a little while forget - neighbourhood, and walking for company, considering the old prouerbe: - That when the Cat is away the mouse wil go play: If master and dame - haue both continued absence, seruants fall a wasting, and do what they - list. You know good wife, I haue now taken a great charge of late vpon - me, which with some carefull looking to, may turne to good, let it not - be grieuous vnto you, nor thinke it hard, that I thus make you partaker - of my charge, as I do of my profit. For we are yoke fellowes you know, - and the charge is equall betwixt vs to be borne and supported. If as - louing mates and companions wee drawe forth togethers, we doubtlesse - shall by Gods blessed goodnes see the fruits of our labours. Our - children shall participate with vs of our trauels, and God shal prosper - our endeuours. And howbeit good wife, I haue alwaies found you such, - as of whose care to my well doing I neede haue no doubt, yet if by - the importance of my charge I bee driuen thus much to write vnto you, - thinke that in great trust of your modesty, respect of your loue, & - zeale to both our goods I haue done the same. And though no mistrust - remaine of any one about me: yet doe I put you in minde what youth - by too much sufferance and neglegct of libertie may be inclined to. - This is al I would, and so much I hope as you gladly will yeelde vnto. - Commend mee manie times to your selfe and likewise to all our friendes. - From R. this third of Maie, &c.</p> - - <div class="right">Your assured louing husband, &c.</div> - - <h4><i>A Letter Mandatory from one friend<br /> - to another.</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap">MY harty commendations remembred vnto you, good maister R. These are - to certifie you that I haue presumed so much on<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73a">73</span> your friendship, as - to put ouer certaine causes of mine in your name, for so much as for - many respects I find my selfe too far insufficient to deale with the - parties, I must therefore desire you to receiue some instructions - which I haue herwith sent you by this bearer, and therein to vse such - needfull furtherance as in like cases of friendship you may commaund - at my handes. I pray you also that you will take so much more further - paines for me, as at conuenient leisure to walke towards S. and there - to confer with my brother P. and vpon sight and hearing of such - matter as by him shall bee shewed and set forth vnto you, to deale - accordingly. Thus with my earnest desire to see you here at L. where - you shall most hartily finde your selfe welcome, I take leaue this of, - &c.</p> - - <div class="right">Your very louing friend, &c.</div> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">THus haue I led along, as you sée, this promised Methode by - varietie of directions and examples, fitting to euery purpose I hope - to the pleasing and content of all the indifferent readers: and here - as a limit sufficient to that determined labour, doe I laie downe my - rest. If anie faultes happen, as no doubt there will (for what from - fault maie bee frée) let the learned I beseech them winke at it, the - curteous ouerpasse it, and the considerate and well practised in such - like trauels fauour me in it, seeing my endeuour therein was done for - the best. And so doe I conclude my Methode.</p> - - <div class="center mt5"><b><span class="xlarge gesperrt2">FINIS</span>.</b></div> - - <div class="figcenter illowp80 mt10"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_228.jpg" width="1000" height="225" alt="" /> - </div> - - <hr class="chap" /> - - <div class="titlepage"> - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_75a">75</span> - <h2 id="Part_3"><span class="xlarge">A</span><br /> - <span class="xxxlarge">DECLARATION</span><br /> - <span class="xlarge">of al such Tropes, Figures or Schemes,</span><br /> - <span class="large"><i>as for excellencie and ornament in wri-</i></span><br /> - <span>ting, are speciallie vsed in this</span><br /> - <span>Methode.</span></h2> - - <div><span class="xlarge mt5">Collected and explaned togithers,</span><br /> - <span>according to their applications,</span><br /> - <span>vsages, and properties.</span></div> - - <div class="mt5"><i>By Angell Day:</i></div> - - <div class="figcenter illowp50 mt5"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_237.jpg" width="631" height="559" alt="" /> - </div> - - <div class="mt5"><span class="xlarge">Imprinted at London by P. S. for</span><br /> - <span>Cuthbert Burbie. 1599.</span></div> - </div> - - <hr class="chap" /> - - <div class="figcenter illowp80"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_228.jpg" width="1000" height="225" alt="" /> - </div> - - <div class="chapter"> - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76a">76</span></p> - <h4><i>To the courteous Reader.</i></h4> - </div> - - <p class="drop-img"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_a4.png" width="120" height="120" alt='A' /></span>S - in the two bookes before going (gentle Reader) my mind and purpose - was to set foorth vnto the learner, how much the phrase of our daylie - speech by well ordering and deliuerie is graced with Figures and - other ornaments of Art, and to such end and purpose, haue I in the - margent of euerie Epistle, directlie against the places where they are - vsed, quoted them to be seen. I haue now for better supplement of the - learners knowledge, determined in this place to make a collection of - them all, remembring with my selfe, that vnto such as are vnexperienced - in their particular applications, they shall be but of verie slender - moment in their quotations, without also they may be instructed by - example, how, where, and in what tearmes, wordes or cariage, they - are vsed, and wherein, and by what conueyance their efficacies are - explaned. For which cause, these briefe instructions following, - conteining, as in the title before going, a demonstration of their - true & seueral qualities, properties and natures, are to such ende - deliuered: wherein my purpose is to omit nothing, which in my poore - opinion may seeme vnto this deuised Methode anie wayes furthering. - And howbeit my selfe in the writing of these collections, doe well - consider the want I haue of other perfections, whereby to ornifie the - matter hereof, with examples correspondent, yet shall it by such meanes - appeare vnto all fauourers of science, what will and desire I haue to - deserue with the best, confessing (as by due proofe I haue found) no - speech to be accounted valuable or of weight, that is not graced with - these parts. Thus hauing at large expostulated my true meaning herein, - I commit the rest to your curteous censures, and my selfe to your good - opinions.</p> - - <div class="right"><i>Yours, A. D.</i></div> - - <hr class="chap" /> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77a">77</span></p> - - <div class="figcenter illowp80"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_232.jpg" width="1000" height="221" alt="" /> - </div> - - <h3 id="Chap_1b"><span class="xxlarge">OF FIGVRES, TROPES,</span><br /> - <span class="xlarge">and Schemes.</span></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_a5.png" width="75" height="75" alt='A' /></span> - <em>Figure</em> is a certaine meane whereby from a simple and ordinarie - kinde of speaking, we growe into a more cunning and excellent - deliuerie.</p> - - <h4>A Figure is diuided into <i>Trope</i> and <i>Scheme</i>.</h4> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua"> <em>A Trope</em> is as much to say, as a variation of a worde or sentence - from the proper & apt signification, vnto another neere vnto the same, - sometimes for pleasure, and otherwhile for ornament sake, and there - are <em>tropes</em> of words, and <em>tropes</em> of sentences.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">A <em>Scheme</em> is a certaine new kinde of forme of writing & - speaking, and for the excellencie thereof is called the ornament, light - and colours of Rhetoricall spéech.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Betweene a <em>Trope</em> and a <em>Scheme</em> the difference - is, that the <em>Trope</em> changeth the signification, as in these - wordes <em>Generation</em> of <em>Vipers</em>, meaning thereby - <em>homicides</em> of their owne issue or antecessors, as the <em>Viper</em> - deuoureth her owne broode. The <em>Scheme</em> hath no change of - signification, but retaineth the expresse meaning, as, <em>Can so - great anger be in heauenlie mindes</em>? written of <i>Iuno</i> - in the <em>Aeneidos</em> of <i>Virgill</i>, whereas - anger is indéede onelie a humaine passion, yet without alteration is - there allotted vnto the heauenlie Gods. And of some there is helde in - them small difference, in so much as often times they runne into one - anothers meaning.</p> - - <h4>The <i>Tropes</i> of wordes, are</h4> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua"><i>MEtaphora</i>, which is, when a worde from the proper or right - signification is tanasferred to another neere vnto the meaning, as - to saie: <em>We see well</em>, when wee meane <em>wee vnderstande - well</em>, or to call them <em>eaters or deuourers of men and houses</em>, - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_78a">78</span> - who vndo the poore, or extort from them their goods or liuings: - or to saie, a homelie or rude speaker doth <em>braie</em>, which to do - belongeth to an Asse, or to attribute vnto thinges the properties they - haue not, as if we should say, the ground wanting wet, <em>doth thirst - for raine</em>, or <em>fruits</em> in their growth do <em>labour</em>, - or <em>corne</em> by the statelie length and weightie eare it - carrieth, to bee <em>proude</em>, or by <em>Emphasis</em>, that <em>by - desire, men are enflamed, by anger kindled, fallen by errour</em>: And - lastlie, in prayse of mans ofspring, as to saie, <em>the beautie of - his stocke</em>, or to call the place of renowne, <em>the well or - seate of glorie</em>, also to say, <em>the showers of speech, flouds - of eloquence</em>, onelie for ornament in writing, without anie other - proper affinitie, attribution or likelihoode.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Synecdoche</i>, when by one particular we vnderstand a number, - as to saie, the <em>braue English was conquerour</em>, as much to saie, - as <em>Englishmen were victours</em>, or when by a part wee vnderstande - the whole, as to say, a <em>blade</em> for a <em>sworde</em>, a - <em>Hall</em> for a <em>house</em>, or when by one thing we vnderstand - another, as to say, <em>the highest fall</em> for <em>the deepest - fall</em>, the <em>toppe</em> for <em>the bottome, Neptunes reigne</em> - for the <em>Sea</em>: or when we put the matter whereof a thing - is made, for the thing it selfe: as to saie, <em>the loftie Pine did - scowre the Seas</em>, for the ship made of the Pine trée, or thus: - <em>With slashing Iron furious on his foes, hee rusht amaine, &c.</em> - for <em>with slashing sworde</em>: Likewise hee put <em>spurres to - his horse</em>, for <em>hee ranne his horse</em>. <em>They haue liued</em>, that - is, <em>they are dead, they flourish</em>, for they are rich, braue or - happie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Metonymia</i>, or <i>transnominatiō</i>, the putting - of one name for an other, as the <em>inuenter</em> for the thing - inuented, so do we call corne by the name of <em>Ceres</em>, we - put <em>Bacchus</em> for wine, <em>Venus</em> for lust, <em>Vulcane</em> - for fire, <em>Neptune</em> for the sea, <em>Mars</em> for warre: - likewise the continent for that which is contained, as if we should - say, <em>acceptable to the heauens</em>, meaning to him that dwelleth - in the heauens, a <em>happie soyle</em>, meaning happie people in - the soile, <em>hee drunke vp the whole cup before him</em>, for the - wine in the cup before him. In like maner when the cause efficient is - vnderstood by the effect, as when we say, <em>Pale death, sorrowfull - dread, headlong rage, carelesse wine, vnshamefast night</em>: wherein is - shewed, that dread causeth sorowe, <em>death</em> palenes, <em>wine</em> - carelesnes, and so of the rest. Further, when by her that holdes - the <em>Scepter</em>, wee signifie the <em>Queenes Maiestie</em>, <span class="pagenum" id="Page_79a">79</span> - and likewise by mentioning the <em>Sword, Magistracy</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Antonomasia</i>, where to the person of anie one, wee giue an - other name, then his owne proper, as in stead of <em>Christ</em>, to - saie the <em>Holie one of God</em>, or <em>The worlds Sauiour</em>. - Or of the Queenes Maiestie, to saie <em>The Virgin Queene</em>, <em>The - Royall Maide</em>, with other like appropriations fitting so great an - excellencie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Onomatopœia</i>, where to a thing not hauing a proper terme, wee - faine or deuise a name, as to saie, <em>the murmure of the waters, - the roring of the cannon, clashing of armour</em>, & such like: where - neither <em>murmur</em>, <em>roring</em> nor <em>clashing</em> is by nature to - these belonging.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Catachresis</i> where wee accommodate a name to a thing that is - not proper, as to saie, <em>lend me your hand, or your aid</em>, which - tearme of lending is more proper to money, or things that are borrowed, - and to say, <em>mens powers are short</em>, or <em>their counsels - long</em>, when in neither of both there is anie such measure.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Metalepsis</i>, or <em>Transumptiō</em>, when by a certaine - number of degrees we go beyond that wee intend in troth, and haue - meaning to speake of, as to saie: <em>Accursed soile that bred my - cause of woe</em>, when we might as well crie out on the parties selfe - that hath don the wo, & not to go so far off as to the soile that bred - him, or as <em>Penelope</em> bewaling her husbandes ouerlong absence - from her, exclaimed in her Epistle to <em>Vlysses</em>, on <em>Paris</em> - that had raped <em>Helena</em>, wishing that he and all his fleet - had perished, ere the rape had bin committed, intending that by that - rape, the <em>Grecians</em> were drawn to the warres, and so the - siege for tenne yeares space continued, and ten yeeres after that, - her husband forced by many landes and seas to haue wandered. Of the - originall cause whereof her iust complaint was deriued.</p> - - <h4>Tropes of sentences, <i>are</i></h4> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua"><i>ALlegoria</i>, a kinde of inuerting or change of sence, as when - we shew one thing in wordes & signifie another in meaning, a - <em>Trope</em> most vsuall amongst vs euen in our common speaking, as when - we saie, <em>Bow the With while it is greene</em>, meaning to correct - children whilest they bee yong: or, <em>There is no fire without - smoake</em>: meaning that there is no ill conceipt without occasion:<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80a">80</span> - or, <em>I smell a Rat</em>, that is, I know your meaning, for other - applications you haue the same diuerslie quoted in our Epistles to bee - seene in their margents.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Ænigma</i>, a darke sentence, or as we ordinarilie say, a - riddle, rather vsed in high and déepe mysteries, otherwise conueied - sometime in pleasant fancies, then accustomed in other writings.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Parœmia</i>, called amongst vs an <i>Adage</i> - or common saying, as thus: <em>Who so toucheth pitch shall bee defiled - therewith: It earlie pricketh that wil be a thorn: many hands make - light worke, &c.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Ironia</i>, a scoffe or flout, as when wee saie, <em>Alas good - man</em>, or to one that hath set debate or contention, <em>you haue - spun a faire thred</em>: or to him that hath made a long speach to no - purpose, <em>you haue brought forth a mighty mole-hil</em>, or to a - lewd person, <em>you are an honest man</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Sarcasmus</i>, a bitter bob as wee saie, or enuious derision, as - of one arraigned for fellonie, to twit him, <em>that hee had like to - haue knockt his head against the gallowes</em>, or of one suffering for - treason to saie, <em>that it made him hop headlesse</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Asteismus</i>, a smooth, as we call it, as when one tels a thing - repugnant to the present matter or companie, to saie, <em>I had as - lieue he told me it snew</em>, when neither the time of the yeare, or - present weather admitteth it snowe. Or when one misseth of a number, to - bid him <em>take a sticke and tell it</em>, or telling a lie, to bid - him <em>take the haire from his lips</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Antiphrasis</i>, when a word scornefullie deliuered, is - vnderstoode by his contrarie, as of a dwarfe, to saie in iest, - <em>what a gyant haue we here</em>, or of him that telleth a matter - ordinarie for strange, to saie, <em>what a wonder telleth he</em>, or - to say, <em>the man hath a sharpe wit</em>, when we intend he hath a - verie blunt capacitie, or of a blacke Moore woman, to saie, <em>Will - ye see a faire pigion</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Charientismus</i>, as when we scoffe a man in his threatning - mood to say, <em>O good words, I pray you</em>, or <em>kill vs not at - the first dash</em>, or, <em>Bite not my nose off I pray you</em>, and - such like.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Hyperbole</i>, when for the manifestation of a thing vehement - or exceeding, the wordes of our speach doe goe beyonde credite, as to - saie, <em>It woulde haue made a stonie hearte to weepe: hee wearied - the heauens with his clamour: Shee was fairer then beautie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_81a">81</span> - herselfe, more cruell then Nero or Phaleris: Worse then the Deuill: Whiter then - snowe: sighing without ceasing</em>, and infinite such like.</p> - - <div class="poetry-container"> - <div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="i0">Of Schemes there are two sorts,</div> - <div class="i14"><i>that is,</i></div> - <div class="i8">Grammaticall, and Rhetoricall.</div> - <div class="i0">Grammaticall are also deuided into two parts.</div> - <div class="i14"><i>that is,</i></div> - <div class="i0">Orthographicall, pertaining chieflie to Poesie:</div> - <div class="i15"><i>and</i></div> - <div class="i0">Syntaxicall, which are to be applied to our vses.</div> - </div> - </div> - </div> - - <h4>Schemes Syntaxicall, <i>are</i>,</h4> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_e1.png" width="100" height="100" alt='e' /></span><i>Clipsis</i>, - that is a defect of sence in a word or necessarie - reason, aunswerable to the due construction, as when hauing spoken - sufficientlie of a matter, we close vp the sentence with these - wordes, <em>But this for that let be, and now to the rest</em>, where - after <em>let be</em>, this worde <em>(sufficient)</em> seemeth to be - wanting. Likewise, <em>what might be more in the matter</em>? for - <em>what might be more don or spoken in the matter</em>. Also to saie, - <em>you are not to aunswere or compare with him</em>, for <em>you are not - meete, sufficient, or able to answere or compare with him</em>. Or - otherwise to say, <em>A man of so rare vertue, so deeplie to be - ouerseene</em>, for, <em>is it true that a man of so rare vertue - shoulde so deeply be ouerseene</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Aposiopesis</i>, when by passing to another matter, we stop our - spéech on a sudden, as it were in an interrupted or discontented mood, - as to say, <em>Are these the practises you take in hand? be these your - deuises? hath your worthy courage endeuored so mighty effectes? But I - will first tame your courses, and for the residue, I wil hold you in - so bridled a meane, that my selfe will warrant you henceforth from any - such like further proceedings.</em> Or thus, <em>Vngratefull creature, - hast thou dealt wel with me in thus conspiring my ill that haue euer - sought thy good? Wel, I wil saie no more, but for thee & thy complices - I wil take order well inough to stay you.</em> Or otherwise by way of a - fearful rehearsall thus: <em>What euill was there whereunto we were - not subiect? But<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82a">82</span> whie dwell I in circumstances? wee were the men - allotted to that purpose</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Zeugma</i>, when one or more clauses are concluded vnder - one verbe, as to saie, <em>His loosenesse ouercame all shame: his - boldnesse, feare: his madnesse, reason</em>: where all these clauses - are concluded vnder this one verbe, <em>Ouercame</em>. Or thus: - <em>What auaileth it to shrine so much this vaine beauty, which either by - long sicknesse, extremity of old age, infinite sorrowes and cares, - or a thousand mishaps besides, is euery day in daunger or subiect to - bee vtterlie crased</em>: In which all the clauses before going are - concluded in this one verbe <em>is in danger, &c.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Syllepsis</i>, when one verbe supplieth two clauses, one person - two roomes, or one word serueth to manie sences, as thus: <em>He runs - for pleasure, I for feare</em>: where this verbe <em>run</em>, serueth - to both purposes: also thus: <em>But scorning so to be reproued, and - with a manly resolution by one stroke giuen, he acquited his shame, - his credit, and his person</em>, where this one worde <em>acquite</em> - serueth to all clauses aforegoing and following.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Prolepsis</i>, where some thing generallie first spoken, - is afterwards drawne into partes, as thus: <em>Let vs take vpon - vs one selfe charge, I to direct abroad, you to order at home</em>. - Or otherwise: <em>Men diuerslie do erre, some by an ignoraunt - simplicitie, others by a most peruerse follie</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Pleonasmus</i>, where with words seeming superfluous, we do - increase our reasons, as thus: <em>With these eares I heard him speake - it: Or with mine eies I behelde him sorrowing</em>, where we well knowe - that without eares or eies, we cannot wel heare or see, yet carieth - this kind of spéech, <em>a vehemency in enforcing</em> the matter so - plainelie, or throughlie to be hard or séene.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Macrologia</i>, where a clause is finallie added to the matter - going before, in seeming more then néeded, as, <em>Men of so high and - excelling vertue, let them euer liue, and neuer die</em>, here - <em>neuer die</em>, seemeth superfluous, and yet notable wel adorneth the - sentence.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Anastrophe</i>, a preposterous inuersion of wordes, besides - their common course, as when we say: for <em>faults, no man liueth - without</em>, when order requireth we should saie: <em>No man liueth - without faults: Long when he had confusedly thus liued</em>, for when he - had long time thus confusedlie liued.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_83a">83</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Hysteron proteron</i>, where that which ought to be in the first - place, is put in the second, as thus: <em>After hee had giuen saile - to the winde, and taken the Seas</em>, for after he had taken the seas, - and giuen saile to the wind. Also, <em>That which of all others is - most sacred and permanent, honoured, and euer shining vertue, chuse - vnto your selues</em>: for chuse vnto your selues honored and euer - shining vertue, which of all others is most sacred and permanent: or, - as commonly we say in our English spéech, <em>Pull off my bootes and - spurs</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Tmesis</i> of <i>Diacope</i>, a diuision of a word - compound into two parts, as, <em>What might be soeuer vnto a man - pleasing, that had he,</em> for whatsoeuer might be, &c. <em>Hither - should he haue come to, when he finished his argument</em>: for hitherto - should he haue come, &c.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Parenthesis</i>, an intercluding of a sentence in any reason - commonlie set betweene two halfe circles, as thus: <em>I am content - (not in respect you deserue so much at my hands) onelie for pitie - sake to hearken ynto you</em>, the knowledge hereof is ordinarie, and - therefore I néede speake the lesse of it.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Hypallage</i>, when by change of propertie in application a - thing is deliuered, as to saie, <em>Darkesome wandring by the solitary - night</em>, for wandring solitarilie by the darkesome night, or the - <em>wicked wound thus giuen</em>, for hauing thus wickedlie wounded him. The - vse hereof in <em>Poesie</em> is most rife.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Hendiadis</i>, when one thing of it selfe intire, is diuersly - layde open, as to saie, <em>On iron and bit he champt</em>, for on the - iron bitte hee champt: And <em>part and pray we got</em>, for part of - the pray: Also by <em>surge and sea we past</em>, for by surging sea we - past. This also is rather Poeticall then other wise in vse.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Asyndeton</i>, when two or thrée clauses or more disioyned do - follow one another, as to saie <em>his house, his land, his purse, - himselfe, his life, were all at his commaund</em>. Or thus, <em>he - scapte, he ran, he rusht, and fled away</em>. Or otherwise, - <em>thy fame, thy wealth, thy friends, thy kin, and all hast thou lost - togithers</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Polysyndeton</i>, when in like sort by many coniunctions sundrie - words one following the other are vnited together, as thus, <em>Both - sworde and fire and dearth, three dreadfull scourges of the war were - alwayes attendant vpon him.</em> Or thus, <em>with faith and troth and - plighted heart, and loue he made him hers, &c.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Hirmos</i>, where a continuance of speech is vsed, vntill - the ende<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84a">84</span> of the clause, as <em>God in the beginning made heauen, - earth, sea, firmament, sunne, moone, starres, and all things in them - contained</em>: where you see all these words, <em>heauen, earth, &c.</em> - haue all one continuance vntill the last end of the sentence.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Epitheton</i>, when for ornament sake we adde vnto a worde, or - for mislike do attribute somewhat vnto the same, as when for ornament - we say, <em>Sweet beautie, precious loue, friendlie fortune</em>: Or - contrariwise in mislike, <em>vnbrideled lust, filthie gaine, wicked - guile, deceitfull fauour, fond fancie, &c.</em></p> - - <p> class="antiqua"<i>Periphrasis</i>, when by circumlocution anie thing is - expressed, as when we say, <em>The Prince of Peripateticks</em>, - for <em>Aristotle</em>, the <em>subuerter of Carthage and - Numantia</em>, for <em>Scipio. A man studious of wisedome</em>, for - a Philosopher: <em>A man diuerslie enriched</em>, for one that is - wealthie, &c.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Liptote</i>, when by the lesse that is spoken, the more maie bee - vnderstood, as thus: What auaileth it that thou dost not despise me, - which is by the contrarie, <em>that thou louest mee</em>, the deliuerie - thereof is singular by the negatiue, for that giueth grace to the - <em>Figure</em>, as <em>it discontenteth me not to heare of you, but it - griueth me to heare ill of you. We are not so ignorant of things, but - we can perceiue somewhat.</em> That is in the one, <em>it pleaseth - mee well to heare of you</em>, and in the other, <em>we haue skill to - discerne of things, and thereby can perceiue somewhat.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Paradiastole</i>, when with a milde interpretation or spéech - we colour others or our owne faults, as when we call a subtill - person, <em>wise</em>: a bold fellow, <em>couragious</em>: a prodigall - man <em>liberall</em>: a man furious or rash, <em>valiant</em>: a - parasite, <em>a companion</em>: him that is proud, <em>magnanimous</em>, - and such like.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Meosis</i>, a maner of disabling, as when we saie, <em>Alas - sir, it is not in my power to doe it</em>: or otherwise, <em>little God - wot could man doe in such a case</em>.</p> - - <h4>Schemes Rhetoricall, are</h4> - - <p class="drop-cap antiqua">A<i>Naphora</i>, or <em>Repetitiō</em>, where by rehearsall of one - worde wee make sundrie beginnings, as to saie, <em>Learning bringeth - to knowledge, learning maketh wise, learning enableth to vertue, - learning is the ornament of the minde, finallie, learning is the onelie - substantiall<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85a">85</span> proppe and guide of - mans life, without which nothing in a - manner can bee pleasant, nothing sauourie, nothing of value, &c.</em> Or - thus, <em>hauing committed so great euils, couldest thou yet dare to - come in open shewe of the worlde, couldest thou dare to shewe thy selfe - in the face of men, couldest thou dare to bee seene of anie one, that - hast thus generallie deserued to bee hated of all</em>: Or otherwise - thus, <em>When death commeth to chalenge his due, what then shall - auaile beautie, what youth, what riches, what strength? where then - shall become thy landes, where thy reuenue, where thy possessions? who - shall argue thy cause, who stande for thee, who plead for thee?</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Epanalepsis</i>, when with one selfe word, we doe both begin - and finish a sentence, the vse hereof is méerelie appropriate to - <em>Poesie, Much asked he of Priams state, of Hector verie much</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Epizeuxis</i>, or a redoubling of a word, by vehemencie to - expresse a thing, as thus: <em>Thou thou art he on whom I liue to be - reuenged. He, he it was that wrought all my care. Thus, thus behooueth - men of vertue and courage to doe.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Anadiplosis</i>, when the last word of a comma or member of a - sentence, is the beginner of another that followeth, as <em>heauens - witnes my fall, my fall more grieuous then may be well supported by - common sorrow</em>: or thus, <em>Fie, too much vngratefull, vngratefull - to mee of all others, that so much at thy hands haue deserued.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Antistrophe</i>, where manie members are drawne to ende with - one and the same worde, as, <em>we haue our felicitie of vertue, - our renowne of vertue, our hope and expectation of vertue</em>. Or - thus: <em>men from their errours are reclaimed by loue, reclaimed by - hope, reclaimed by feare</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Symploche</i>, where sundrie members haue one selfe beginning - and ending, as thus, <em>If we shall debate of the times present, what - is I pray you the cause of all these euils? money: what hath beene the - decay of our estimate? money: what the ruine of our soules? money: what - the torment of our conscience? money: what the meane of all ambitious - aspirings, treacheries, and villanies? money: In fine, this cursed and - wretched title of gaine is it that bewitcheth all ages and seasons, and - that onelie by a seruile regarde and account giuen vnto money:</em> Or - otherwise thus in contempt. <em>What sillie soule wast thou when I - beganne first to like thee? nothing. What<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86a">86</span> - when I tooke thee? nothing. - What before I cherished and regarded thee? nothing. And now that by me - thou hast beene made somthing, thou esteemest me as nothing.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Ploche</i>, when by an Emphasin, a worde is either in praise - or disgrace, reiterated or repeated, as thus: <em>Though Scipio - were neuer so much terrified with the Carthaginians in Spaine, with - the Numidians in Affricke, with aduersaries abroade, and with priuie - enemies at home, yet ceased he not to be Scipio still</em>, that - is, <i lang="la">sui similis</i>, like vnto himselfe still.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Polyptoton</i> or <em>Traductiō</em>, when one worde is often - repeated by varietie of cases, as thus: <em>Who hath in his life - nothing so much pleasing as the verie life it selfe which he enioyth, - it is impossible that his life with vertue should anie wayes be - adorned</em>: or by translating of one worde into diuers formes, as - thus: <em>What manhoode call you this, so vnmanlie to deale in those - actions, that speciallie appertaineth to a man</em>? Here is this - word <em>manhood</em> translated into <em>vnmanlie</em> man.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"> <i>Membrum</i>, or <em>Parison</em>, when one or moe members doe - followe in equall sentences, as thus: <em>See now by one fault how - manie mischiefs thou hast heaped to thy selfe, thou hast consumed thy - patrimonie, grieued thy parents, estranged thy friends, defamed thy - stocke, vndone thy kindred, and heaped mischiefe a thousand folde to - thy selfe more then can be auoided</em>: or thus with copulation: - <em>neither hast thou herein dealt discreetlie for thy selfe, nor respected - thy frends, nor regarded thy being, nor studied of the euill, nor cared - for the good that might happen, but leauing al at randon, thou hast - done what in thee lieth to worke all our vndoing</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Omoioteliton</i>, or <i lang="la">similiter cadens</i>, when - words and sentences in one sort do finish togithers, as thus: - <em>Weeping, wailing, and her handes, wringing, she moued all men to pitie - her.</em> Or thus: <em>Thou liuest maliciouslie, speakest hatefully, - and vsest thy selfe cruelly.</em> Or thus: <em>Wee find it much better - of wise men to be rebuked, then by filthie flatterie to be fondly - deceyued.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Prosonomasia</i>, pleasant kind of collusion in words, in - significations diuers, only by changing, detracting, or adding a - letter or sillable in a word, as to say, <em>No doubt he is a foole - wise man</em>, for a full wise man, <em>for a Doctor</em>, a Doter, or - otherwise, <em>thou art no bewraier, but a betraier of mens counsels. - Of one religious thou art become prodigious</em>.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87a">87</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Antanaclasis</i>, when we produce a word in a contrary - signification to that it commonlie portendeth: as to saie, <em>For - my kindnesse you haue vsed me kindly, meaning indeede you haue vsed - mee verie badly. And I can bee contented to pray with you though you - pray not vppon me.</em> Where this worde <em>kindly</em> is applied - to the worser part, which of it selfe carieth as wee see a far other - meaning: and likewise <em>pray</em> in one sence being to entreate, - is in another sense intended here to spoile. And as another said to a - rude fellow, <em>you are too course to keepe course in our companie</em>, - here is <em>course</em> for rudenes, and <em>course</em> in another - sense for <em>good order</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Erotema</i> or <i>Interrogatiō</i>, when by - interrogation we sift out anie thing somtimes by demand, as to - saie, <em>But you sir, now frō whence I pray you, deriue you your - fancie</em>? by asseueration, as to saie: <em>Haue you not in this - action behaued your selfe excellent well?</em> By commiseration, as to - saie: <em>Alas what grounde may holde mee, what lande or shore may - possesse mee, circumuented as I am with so many euils?</em> By vrging, - as thus,<em>What hadst thou to intermeddle in so bad a company? How - long shall wee bee thus abused with so fained treachery? Art thou not - ashamed seeing thy purposes thus reuealed? Perceiuest thou not thy - driftes to bee all discouered?</em> By indignation, as to saie, - <em>Shall I yet couer thy villanies being at thy handes thus hatefully - misused?</em> or thus, <em>Wicked and peruerse kinde of people, - howe long will you thus hatefully deale with your fauorers?</em> By - admiration, as to saie, <em>Good Lord, who woulde haue thought so much - loosenesse in so chaste a countenance! But what is it that this blind - and sottish loue draweth not a man headlong into?</em> And lastly, by - doubting, as thus: <em>What shall I say, or what further speeches may - I vse to withdraw you from these euils?</em> Or otherwise: <em>Whither - shall I turne me to speake vnto you, or what wordes may I vse whereby - to withdraw you from these vanities?</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Anthypophora</i> or <i>Subiectiō</i>, when to a - question asked by vs, we answere of our selues in our own reasonings, - the maner whereof is accomplished three kinde of waies, as first when - wee obiect vnto our selues that which to others might be obiected, and - answere it againe. Secondlie, when we do (as it were) vrge those we - speake vnto to answere vs, and so answering, do confute their sayinges. - Thirdlie, when in a deliberatiue sort we propound diuers things, and - refute them all one after another. Example of the first maie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88a">88</span> bee - this. <em>Is this a maner of discipline? Doe men in such sort deliuer - their instructions? Had they for this cause the authoritie of tutors - to them giuen, that in vanities and misliked pleasures, they who are - committed vnto their charge, shoulde consume their youth vnder them? - Beleeue me I am of a farre other opinion, neither do I thinke, that - the reasonable time of young men, being now fittest of all others for - anie vertuous impression, shoulde thus cautelouslie be deluded of that, - whereunto both their parents and birth do commend them.</em> Of the - second, this: <em>Nowe after al these proofes of the happie comming - and acknowledgement of our true and onelie Messias: Let me speake vnto - you againe, yee Iewes, enemies, and maligners of our sole and onelie - God and Sauiour Christ Iesus, with what reasons strengthned doe you - persist in your madnes? Stande ye vpon the Oracles of Prophets? Wee - haue made plaine vnto you that they are wholie for vs. Looke ye after - Moyses? It was only of our Christ, and none other that he that written. - Waite ye on Types and Figures? They all in one do agree to bee in him - fulfilled. Preferre you vnto vs miracles? Who could desire more then - by him was shewed. Bring you against vs a number of consents? Alas you - onely bring the smallest number, and lurking as it were in a corner, - are the gainsayers of trueth itselfe, sith the whole world round - about you doth witnes for vs. Doth the hope of any euent yet a little - detaine you? Beholde your temple long since subuerted: your sacrifices - quenched, your Citie rased, your people runnagate and dispersed, nor - anie hope at all left vnto you to be relieued but by the clemencie of - the Christians.</em> Of the thirde, this. <em>Tell mee I praie, what - or wherein is it, that a worldlie man hath such meane to glorie in? - wherein shoulde hee bee proude, or for what cause should he thus puffe - vp himselfe in vanitie? Is it for his riches? they neuer make a man - either happy or blessed, so farre off are they many times from anie - such euent, as often wee do see that they are the verie cause of their - owners destructions, they sundrie waies are meanes to inconueniences, - and in our owne sight forsake their maisters in their life times, but - seldome followe them for ought wee see to their graues. Is it for - children? The keeping of them is then of riches far more vncertaine. - Is it in respect of a wife, familie and other such like commodities? - they are vexations, cares and griefes, nothing in them stable, nor such - as may induce a man to any hoped tranquility, &c.</em> There is also of - this sort another example, by an<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89a">89</span> - immediate answere to euerie question, - as thus: <em>Wherfore then is the law? for transgressors, wherefore - reward? for wel-doers.</em> Or thus: <em>Where is now their pride? - vanished. Where are their boasts? deluded. Came they to aide vs? no, - rather to suppresse vs. Came they to comfort vs? no, but to kill vs.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Antenagoge</i>, when hauing spoken as it were in the dispraise - or mislike of a thing, we goe about to helpe the same againe with a - new colour to the matter: As to saie, <em>It is a thing difficult to - attain learning, but yet verie commodious. It is tedious to trauell for - sundry knowledges, but vnto our liues it is a thing most necessary.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Ecphonesis</i> or <i>Exclamatiō</i>, which hath - signification of griefe or indignation of a thing, as of griefe - thus, <em>O cruell and lamentable times wherein wee liue, subiect - as wee are to so manifolde miseries</em>! Of indignation thus. <em>O - incredible boldnesse, or rather impudencie of a shamelesse creature: - not fit to bee suffered.</em> Neither is this manner speaking, alwaies - framed by the Interiection O, but rather otherwise, as thus: - <em>Vnhappie man, made vnhappie by so great a misfortune, what vnkinde - destiny droue him to so imminent a perill? Howe miserable and - vncertaine is the state and condition of man, subiect to so many and - so huge calamities?</em> Or otherwise, <em>What kind of people are you - to rage in so vile a madnesse? Was euer seene a multitude so fierce, - a company so carelesse, an assemblie so desperate? What inconsiderate - dealing do you vse? I shame to see you, & grieue to behold you, &c.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Insultatiō</i>, when iniuriously, or by a contumelious reproch - we insult vpon a mans doings, as thus: <em>Trudge on with thy - mischiefs, proceed in these thy insatiable cruelties, and he that hath - power ouer al, wil one day I hope correct thee.</em> Or otherwise, - <em>Pursue I pray you your glorious enterprise, you haue, no doubt, very - waightily begun, & we cannot but expect thereof a notable issue.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Aporia</i> or <em>Dubitatiō</em>, when wee make staie or - doubt howe to tearme a thing, or which waie to wade in a matter, - as thus: <em>What shoulde I say, was it anger or an inueterate - malice that led him to this mischiefe? Shall I cal him cunning as - cautelous, that procured it, and so well could shift himselfe of it?</em> - Or otherwise thus: <em>May hee bee said to be beloued, or rather - fortunate or blessed, to haue escaped such daungers? is it to bee - tearmed clemencie or rather piety to vse one so miserable with great - curtesie.</em> Or thus: <em>I am not well perswaded<span class="pagenum" id="Page_90a">90</span> what course to - take in these causes, shall I begin where others haue left? or of my - selfe shall I renewe againe vnto you what you haue so often heard? &c.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Paradoxon</i>, affined vnto that before, but with a kinde of - maruelling or woondering thereunto added, as thus: <em>Could it - possibly bee thought that learning and place of good education might - euer haue produced such monstrous effectes?</em> Or otherwise: <em>I - haue great maruell that men so generous, should so quickly be diuerted - from their honest purposes.</em> Or thus: <em>I woulde neuer haue - beleeued that such graue and considerate counsels shoulde so easily - haue beene subuerted.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Epitropis</i>, when by proposing a cause, wee reason what should - bee done therein, as thus: <em>In times so troublesome and seasons - so tempestious, giue now your aduise what is fit to bee done. If the - case were your owne, what would you doe, what would you say therein, - tell me I pray you, you that conuerse in these and such like actions, I - herein appeale vnto your wisdomes, your owne consciences, shewe me but - your mindes herein.</em> And this figure is vsed in reasoning, when as - to conclude a matter, and seeming loath to trouble the auditorie anie - further in the same, we pretend to reserue a great part thereof, which - we would refer to their iudgements.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Parresia</i>, or libertie to speake, when by winning of curtesie - to our spéech we séek to auoid any offence thereof, as thus. - <em>Pardon if I be tedious, the circumstance of the cause requireth it. If - my speech seeme vehement, the matter occasioning the same is vrgent. - If what I write seeme offensiue vnto you, you haue to mislike the ill - disposition of such as inforce it, and not with me to be agreeued.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Apostrophe</i>, or <i>Auersio</i>, when wee turne our - speeches from one person or thing to another, as if one hauing spoken - much of the vanitie of the worlde shoulde thereupon turne and saie - vnto the worlde, <em>O world, how sweete and pleasant are the shewes - of those things which thou producest: but in taste, how full of too - much bitternes?</em> Or in speaking of the certaintie of death, and the - little respect thereof had, to turne a mans speach to death it selfe - and saie, <em>O death, how bitter is thy remembrance to a man hauing - peace and plenty in his riches, &c.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Prosopopœia</i> when to things without life wee frame an - action, spéech or person, fitting a man, as if we should saie of - <em>vertue</em>, as of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_91a">91</span> a liuing person, that <em>her wayes were sweet, - and replenished with all maner of delight, that she putteth her selfe - foorth to the woorthiest to be receyued, and to the most honoured to - be embraced</em>. Or faine the <em>ghosts</em> from out their graues to - prescribe good examples, or to rebuke the vices of men. Or our - <em>countrey</em> to accuse vs of our negligent regard vnto it in these - or suchlike speeches: <em>Vnkind people and Citizens whom I haue - ingendred in my bowels, nourished with my paps, fostered with my - delights, why doe you thus vngratefullie not onelie abstaine to tender - mee, but giue mee an open proy to my foes to suppresse mee: yea, which - is most loathsome of all others, become proper murtherers and paracides - of your owne parentage and familie, cruell destroyers of your owne - patrimonie, and wretched renders and tearers of your mothers bowels, - without all regard or pitie.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Synonymia</i>, when we bring foorth many wordes together of - one signification, or sounding all to one purpose, as to say, - <em>thou hast spoiled thy Countrey, destroied thy Citie, and turned the - Commonweale topsie-turuie</em>: all which do sort but to one purpose, - for the expressing the hatefulnesse of the iniurie: or otherwise to - say, <em>What head hadst thou to deuise such a thing, where was thy - wit when thou wentst about it, what became of thy minde in purposing - the same, whither was thy discretion caried in the prosequution?</em> - Here is <em>head, wit, minde and discretion</em>, all sorting to - one thing. Also, <em>what desirest thou, what soughtest thou, what - couldest thou wish or expect in the action</em>. Here is <em>desired, - sought, wish and expect</em>, being all to one meaning.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Auxesis</i> or <i>Incrementum</i>, where by degrees - we not onlie rise to the summe of euerie thing, but also sometimes - go beyond, as to say, <em>Hee first set vpon him with reproachfull - wordes, after assayled him with his weapons, then wounded him, and - lastlie did moste miserablie murther him.</em> Here by degrees is - passed to the last exigent. Now to the second. <em>It is euill to - reproch, wicked to slaunder, villanous vnwarilie to strike, detestable - to murther. What shall I say to betray a man to all these.</em> Here - is now<i>vltra summum</i>, beyond all that was spoken to - the vttermost. The excellencie of this Figure is so much the more, by - howe much euerie degrée is still inforced one aboue another, and goeth - beyonde in comparison, as to say: <em>golde, riches, honour, estate, - treasure, kingdomes, life, and all<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92a">92</span> - he helde of no moment</em>. Another - kinde of recitall pertaineth also to this figure short in repetition, - but for vehemencie wonderfull, as to say: <em>Thou hast conspired the - death of thy Prince, and in her the subuersion of a whole kingdome, - what should I say thou hast conspired the death of thy Prince.</em> As - who would enforce that no one thing then that could be greater: - Finallie, for inforcement of a thing, to say in reprehension of - follies. <em>If thou hadst done or spoken this in a priuate audience, - among men of the ruder and meaner sort, among such as are lesse capable - of skill then a great many others, thy fault could not haue beene - hid: but to doe it before thy betters, in the presence of such as are - adiudged both honorable and wise, in the hearing of those of great - account of such as haue power to checke, and authoritie to compell - thee, it was too peeuish.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Sinathrismus</i>, a heaping of words diuersly signifying - togithers, as to say, <em>Hee was a man wholie malicious, exceedinglie - proude, vtterlie arrogant, altogither subtill, by nature cruell, and - in speeches contentious.</em> Or otherwise thus: <em>What should I - tell thee further of his partes, how wise, how sober, how honest, howe - courteous, howe friendly, how choicelie he liued.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Brachiologa</i>, when in single wordes without anie coupling - togethers, we procéed in a broken kind of deliuerie, and yet hasten - forward as in the other: As to saie, <em>loue</em>, <em>hate</em>, <em>Ielousie</em>, - <em>frensie</em>, <em>furie</em>, drew him from <em>pitty</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Antithesis</i>, or <em>Contentiō</em>, when we amplifie by - contraries, as to say, <em>Being in my power to vse as I listed, I - cared for thee, and did not destroy thee. Thou wast charie vnto me - whē no man regarded thee, and when my selfe also might haue despised - thee.</em> Or otherwise: <em>If you doe that is good, you haue the - rewarde of praise, if you prosecute badnesse, your merite is euill.</em> - Or thus: <em>To thy enimyes and those that maligne thee, thou art - placable: to thy friendes, inexorable. In coole matters thou art hotte: - in the hottest causes, colde: Art thou called? Thou art gone. Thy - absence required? we cannot be rid of thee.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Epanodis</i>, carrieng a reference to the matter preceding, much - like to the figure<i>Prolepsis</i>, but that yᵉ figure - <i>Prolepsis</i>, hath relation onelie to the matter, this to the - matter and tearmes therein vsed, the difference whereof you maie see in - some of mine epistles as the same is quoted in the margent where the - figure is vsed.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_93a">93</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Comparatiō</i>, which taketh his increase of smaller matters, - which if they may séeme great in all opinions, then that which we - séeke to amplifie must of necessitie séeme greater, sometimes also by - diminution of things great, to make the residue the greater, example - of the first may bee that saying of <em>Cicero</em> of <em>Catiline</em>, - in these wordes, <em>Did the famous Scipio for a little ill - gouernment of the common weale, cause Tiberius Gracchus priuatelie to - bee made awaie: and shall wee preferre Catiline that goeth about to - fill the whole worlde with his slaughters?</em> Here is <em>Catiline</em> - compared to <em>Gracchus</em>, the state of a common wealth to the - whole worlde, a small sliding to an insufferable wasting, and a priuate - man to the whole Senate. Or otherwise thus: <em>Tell mee I praie thee, - if one had giuen thee but a small summe of money to comfort thy neede - withall, were it not humanitie to thanke him: If hee had giuen thee - possessions to liue vppon, were it not honestie to requite him: If of - a slaue hee made thee rich, shouldest thou not bee bounden vnto him? - Howe much more then to him that hath not alonelie done all these, but - farre more then these vnto thee, oughtest thou in the verie bondes of - nature and courtesie to bee both thankefull and louing?</em> Example of - the seconde sort for diminution might bee this: <em>What is it that - you propose vnto mee these small matters of vnkindnesse, as that the - man is ingratefull, that hee hath no good remembraunce of courtesies, - that there is in him not so much as an acknowledgement, which is a - thing farre from requitall, these I must confesse are iniuries to some, - but vnto mee they are trifles, matters of no moment, things not to bee - reckoned of: what say you to him that betrayeth his friend, seeketh his - death that hath sought his life, worketh by all possible meanes his - ouerthrow, his destruction and vndoing?</em> And in this exaggeration - of <em>vices</em>, so also might there bee the like of <em>Vertues</em>, - as if one should exhort a man to <em>Pietie</em>, after hee had set - foorth all the commodities thereof, as <em>the tranquilitie of minde, - peace of conscience, libertie of spirit, the communion with Saints, - from a bonslaue of the diuell to become the childe of God, the comfort - of the holie Ghost which the Prophet denieth may be by man conceyued</em>: - he might lastlie adde, <em>what thinges then these in all the - worlde could be greater, what more singular, what more happie, and yet - if they be conferred vnto that blessed heritage of immortalitie, if - to the life and ioyes to come, if to that heauenlie Ierusalem, which - certainlie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94a">94</span> remaineth for all such as are endued with such a spirit: - they are toies and things of no excellencie or moment.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Metonoia</i>, when by a sudden restraint of spéech, wee giue - grace or mislike to a person, or thing, as to saie, <em>worthilie - atchieued? nay rather honourablie attained, a man notable</em>, we maie - rather saie, <em>singular: Ah cruell man</em>, and no man neither, but - a <em>beast: Oh rare clemencie</em>, or rather <em>most admirable - patience. Hee is no thiefe, but a rauener: no murtherer, but a tyrant</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Aphorismus</i>, a <em>Scheme</em>, like vnto the other, but - differing by a maner of reprehension, as to saie, <em>What lawes bee - these, if at least wise they may be termed lawes, which beare in them - so vile customs, and not rather firebrands of the citie, and the plague - of the whole common weale.</em> Or otherwise: <em>your counsellers, if - such may be called counsellers, as draw vnto mischiefe, are vtterlie - vnmeete to such kinde of assemblies</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Diminutiō</i>, when we goe about to extenuate things difficult, - to make them lesse in seeming, as to one that would shun learning, - for the tediousnesse thereof in studie: We might shew, <em>that - besides the great necessitie thereof in the life of man, wee shall - in attaining thereof, take no other nor more laboursome course, then - others before vs haue done: that the way thereunto is verie plaine and - easie, the labour (if anie be) sweet and pleasant. And whereas in all - our ordinarie exercises of vanitie, there redoundeth for the most part - in the ende but meere trauaile, and vnprofitable charge: in this the - commoditie is as great as the delight, the gaine as ordinarie as the - practise, wherein the studie is but the least part of a mans life, but - the pleasure and commodity infinite</em>. And like as in this, so in all - other things, conducing to good and laudable exercises, the labour is - still diminished, by proposing the worthines, pleasure, honour, profit, - and so of euils commonlie, by mitigation of the fault.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Climax</i>, or <em>Gradatiō</em>, when each member in a sentence - ariseth from the other afore going, beginning with that which endeth - the former, as to say, <em>His industrie bred him vertue: his vertue, - praise: his praise, renowne: his renowne, glorie: and his glorie enuie.</em> - Or thus: <em>What hope haue we of good, if what men list, they - may; and what they may they do, and what they doe they dare, and what - they dare they prosecute, and what they prosecute, they are neuer - ashamed of.</em></p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95a">95</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Antimetauole</i> or <i>Commutatiō</i>, when a sentence - by charge is inuerted to the contrarie, as thus, <em>We must eat to - liue, and not liue to eat: Not man for the Sabboth, but the Sabboth for - man was ordained. They are happy whose wisdome is answerable to their - fortune, and whose fortune answereth their wit.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Sinæciosis</i>, when one contrary is attributed to another, or - when two diuerse things are in one put together, as thus. <em>The - prodigal and couetous doe offende alike, for neither doe liue as they - ought. Pleasure it selfe is sometimes a labour, and labour also is - often a pleasure. To a couetous man is wanting as well that he hath, as - that hee hath not.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Etiologia</i>, a figure like vnto the other beforegoing, and - much resembling to <i>Orismus</i>, which defineth a matter - by sorting the same into a distinguishment: but this nowe telleth - the cause or reason of that which is before auerred, and is as a - confirmation thereunto giuen for the concluding of the same, you maie - sée the examples as the figure is quoted in my Epistles.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Paralepsis</i>, or <i>Occupatiō</i>, when in seeming - to ouerpasse, omit, or let slip a thing, we then chiefly speake - thereof, as thus: <em>I will not here rehearse vnto you how slippery - and transitorie this life is, howe much laden with cares, exposed to - daungers, and attended with miseries, for we knowe it and feele it: - But I will come to speake of the perdurable ioies of the other, &c.</em> - Or thus, <em>for my part I haue no pleasure to laie open other - mens errors, it is inough vnto me, that by themselues they are made - apparant, and that the whole worlde may see them. I omit to report vnto - you these and such like ordinary matters, which in comparison of that - I will shew you are but trifles. I tell you not, or I talke not now of - times past. It is not the matter wherein I am now occupied. His theft, - his rapine, his spoile, and all his whole disorderlie course of life in - those daies perpetrated, I nowe omit, and onely doe come to the times - present. His counselling (I had almost said concealing) of good when - time was, if it bee well noted, was it that procured our mischiefes, &c.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Procatalepsis</i> or<i>Præoccupatiō</i>, when we doe - anticipate vnto our selues that we know wil be obiected, as thus, - <em>what do you obiect vnto me the times passed, those seasons & ours are - vtterly vnlike. But peraduenture you will say that these things are for - children fit to bee considered, nay rather meetest of old men to be - followed. You will<span class="pagenum" id="Page_96a">96</span> - happely say vnto me herein, that I am too light of - credit: but I can tel you the proofe is extant, and fit to be beleeued.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Metastasis</i> or <i>Transitiō</i>, when in briefe - wordes we passe from one thing to another, as thus, <em>You haue - hearde by this what you ought to consider, heare now I pray you what - you are bounde to remember. These things you will say are pleasant, - but the rest yet vntold are far more delightfull. This already shewed - vnto you seemeth to be tolerable, that which followes is no waies to - be suffered. I haue now told you what was done in priuate, I will next - shewe you what was handled in publike: these things he did at home, - that which followeth was abroade in the fielde: whilst hee was a young - man, hee did this I told you, but the vertues of his age were far more - different. You haue vnderstood of maners, I will now speake vnto you of - learning: I will not trouble you with many things further, only this - one thing will I rehearse vnto you. But of these enough, we will now go - to the rest. I haue somthing beene caried away with these motions, but - we wil now go to the substance. But why stay we so long in trifles? I - wil go to the head of the matter: what he promised I haue deliuered, - what he performed you shall vnderstande: I haue thus shewed you how - much he was charged vnto me, you shal now heare againe how gently he - requited me.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Paramologia</i>, where we graunt one or moe thinges meete to - be marked or alleadged, and forthwith doe infer thereupon sufficient - whereby to ouerthrow it, as thus: <em>I deny not but I haue heretofore - vsed you in causes secret, in matters weighty and of counsell, that I - haue found you friendly, faithfull and ready: but what is all that to - the purpose, when in a thing so important, and matter neerly concerning - me, as whereon dependeth the safegard of my whole house and familie, - I haue founde you in both negligent and vntrustie.</em> Or otherwise - thus: <em>Be it, or suppose you haue omitted nothing in your owne - person, of a friende to be performed, that you were no partaker with - him of those euill counsels: that you abstained to accompany him in the - execution of his mischiefes, yet are you not therfore cleared. For it - is not sufficient for a man not to doe euill of himselfe, but that by - to too much lenity he become not occasion of an others mischiefe.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Dichologia</i>, when by a colour of mitigation wee defende our - cause, as to saie: <em>I fell, I confesse, but as a young man, I went - astray,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_97a">97</span> but as one willing to be reclaimed: I forsooke my friend - indeede, but constrained by the lawes, I was a companion in their - badnesse, but forced by threatning.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Orismus</i>, <i>definitiō</i>, or <i>finitiō</i>, - wherein we brieflie laie forth the true properties of euerie thing, - by impugning the contrarie, as thus: <em>Men cannot be said in vertue - to exceed, for in vertue there is euer an excellency, but neuer an - excesse, sith the excesse is onely appropriate vnto vices. This cannot - be said to be care but couetousnesse, for care hath onely respect to - necessary vses, but in couetousnes, there is neuer any reasonable - suffizance.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Hypotyposis</i>, when any thing is described in particular, or - made knowne to the viewe, as thus: <em>Shall I tell you what maner a - one you haue preferred vnto mee, for his stature, a Dwarfe: for his - person, a trunke: for his qualities a dog: for his countenance, a foxe: - in behauiour a swine: in condition, an Ape: in sense, an Asse, and in - vsage, a beast.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Merismus</i> or <i>Distributiō</i>, when that as maie - bee generallie spoken we distribute for amplification into parts: as - if in generalitie we said: <em>He hath consumed all his substance in - riot:</em> By distribution wee might amplifie thus: <em>Whatsoeuer - patrimony hee had from his father, what priuate inrichment by his - deceased mother, what large assistance by friends, whereat the worlde - neuer barked, what dowry soeuer by his wife, which no doubt was very - great, all this hath he consumed by a most dissolute and wanton liuing: - mony, plate, lands, wealth, possessions and all, are gone to the deuil, - his cattel consumed, his houshold stuffe solde, his apparell spent, and - the poore miser at this instant hath not left him a farthing.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Dialisis</i>, a separation of one thing from another, both being - absolued by a seuerall reason, in the nature of a <em>Dilemma</em>, as - thus: <em>When I haue preached vnto you all I may, if you bee well - giuen it auaileth, if graceles, forth you wil not be moued.</em> Or - thus. <em>What should I further set forth vnto you my good will, if - you remember it, I haue said inough, if not, my words wil not prouoke you.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Dialogismus</i> or <i>Sermocinatiō</i>, an imaginatiue - speach, agréeing to the quality of the person it is framed of. Whether - he be valiant cruell, young, old, or of what other condition, as if - we shoulde saie of the times present. <em>Were the ancient Apostles - and olde Fathers of religion nowe liuing, which with great innocencie - of life, and true<span class="pagenum" id="Page_98a">98</span> pietie, shined in their seasons, and should but - beholde the most corrupt and abhominable estate of our times, subiect - as they bee to all kinde of euils, would they not thinke, you straight - proclaime against vs the vniust name of Christians, and challenge vs - for the great want we haue of the true profession thereof? Would they - not rather cry out of vs that deluding ourselues onely with a vaine - title or name of Christians, we do not so much as seeke in the meane - time to followe any part thereof?</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Epiphonema</i>, or conclusion to a matter before shewed, as - thus: <em>Of so woonderfull force was his wisdome, which was able to - compasse that in short time, which a number haue diuerslie sought for, - and could neuer hetherto obtaine.</em> Or thus: <em>Such is the force - of Nature which seldome wee doe see is euer chaunged by anie colours. - Much haue they forsaken that haue cast all from themselues.</em> It is - commonlie the conclusion or making vp of a discourse or sentence by - some pithie manner of speaking. As if a man shoulde inueigh against - drunkennesse, hee might thus conclude, <em>Hee nowe that thinketh - it parcell of humanity, by thrusting on of many cuppes to driue his - friend into drunkennesse, let him also thinke it kindnes, by a venemous - confection giuen, to driue him into madnesse.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Expeditiō</i>, or <i>enumeratiō</i>, when many reasons - of auerment being numbred togethers, we make a confutation of them, - each one in particular, as thus: <em>The goods in question beeing - alleadged to bee mine, it is requisite you prooue, either that you - had them by chance, that you haue long held or enioied them, that you - bought them with your money, or otherwise that by some gift you came - to them, or lastly, in succession that you haue obtained them. That - you had them by chance it cannot be, for they were not lost from my - keeping. Long haue you not held them, for they were alwaies till this - in mine owne possession. It is plaine you neuer bought them, for you - paide mee no mony for them. By gift you could not haue them, for the - right was in me to giue them. The succession must be void, for my selfe - am yet liuing. It remaineth then if you keep them, that liuing you doe - cast me out of mine own possession.</em> This chiefly appertaineth to - the Iudiciall Epistles in the state <em>Coniecturall</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Cōmoratiō</i>, when matters diuerslie enlarged, are yet staid - vpon, and lastlie brought into one short conclusion, wherby the - reasons<span class="pagenum" id="Page_99a">99</span> are made more weightie, and of the greater efficacie, as - thus. <em>What will you make of this man, whom ye seeke in this maner - to set free, you see he is a man prodigall of his owne fame, & a lier - in waite for others credits, one full of guile, intemperate, railing, - proude and ambitious, to his parents most wicked, ingratefull to his - friends, hated of his owne kinsemen, stubborne to his superiours, - insolent with his equals, to his inferiours cruell, and finallie to all - persons whatsoeuer a creature most intolerable.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Sententia</i>, A recitall of some graue matter by waie of a - notable saying or sentence, either by common custome admitted, or by - some authour deliuered, examples whereof are plentifullie to bee seene - in my Epistles.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Exuscitatiō</i>, A prouocation or stirring vp of others to the - praise or mislike of a thing, as thus: <em>What one is hee of so - slender or contemptible a spirit amongst vs, or who of all our Nation - woulde bee counted so enuious, as vpon so great and large a desert had - by a man so woorthie, woulde not willinglie render vnto him all honour - and due commendation?</em> Likewise of the contrarie for dispraise. - <em>Doth it not abhorre you to heare and vnderstand of a rabble of so great - and vnaccustomed lewdnesse, a man euerie way so vile, to goe thus - freelie vnpunished? Surelie I doe thinke no honest minde but would be - of this opinion, that of all creatures liuing hee were most worthie to - be extirped.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Omiosis</i>, The figure of resemblance or similitude, whereby - wee resemble one thing to another, as thus: <em>Like as they greatlie - do offend, who going to a publike well, whence all a whole citie hath - their water, do infect the same with a most deadly poison: Euen so do - they most wickedly merit of the common weale, who deprauing the mind - of a Prince, doe lade and frequent the same with most mischieuous - counsels.</em> Or thus: <em>Is it seene that men at the blast or byting - of a Viper, do shrinke, and forthwith do run for a medicine? How much - more ought they thē, for the auoiding of a most horrible shame, yᵉ - infamous sting wherof is far worse then all other poisons, to run to a - remedie?</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Icon</i>, An image or artificiall description of that we meane - to deliuer, as if in setting forth our most gratious Soueraigne, we - shoulde saie, <em>That Goddesse like adorned with high aspectes, or - statelie grace and maiestie diuine. In Chariot deckt with Princelie - ornaments shee issued foorth, &c.</em> Or thus, laying out the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_100a">100</span> - dreadfulnes of warre, <em>Fierce and vntamed warre with eyes sparkling - as the flaming fire, whose face caried in it selfe a terrour to the - lookers on, and his coūtenance was as it were a present death. His - gesture was as the furious assault of a Lion, and his mouth as a - deuouring pitte to swallow the bloud of multitudes. Armed hee was with - fire, with famine, and with sword, crying reuengement on the world, and - persecuting all nations with a ceaslesse dread.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Paradigma</i>, a maner of exhorting or withdrawing by example, - as to saie, <em>the Elephants engender not, but in places most remote, - and any that by chance do see them in that time they kill. How much - more then behooueth that betweene those of reason, a shamefastnes be - included in executing that action</em>. Or thus. <em>The nature of - the Dolphin is not to suffer the yong ones of her kinde to straggle - vndefenced, such care haue they of their frie: How much more beseeming - is it, that our procreation which are men, should not be suffred to - runne at random without either guide or controlment.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua"><i>Pareonasis</i>, or <i>Digressio</i>, a spéech beside - the matter in present spoken on, as to saie, <em>But heere let mee - remember vnto you something of the deserts and eternized memorie of - your worthie and most vertuous Parents.</em> Or thus: <em>giue me leaue - a little to digresse from this purpose, to the ende that by laying out - of something yet vnspoken of, I may the better wade into the rest.</em></p> - - <div class="center mt5"><b><span class="gesperrt2 xlarge">FINIS</span>.</b></div> - - <div class="figcenter illowp80 mt10 mb10"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_255.jpg" width="1000" height="223" alt="" /> - </div> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_101a">101</span></p> - - <h3 id="Chap_2b"><span class="xlarge">Of the partes, place and Office</span><br /> - <span class="large"><i>of a Secretorie</i>.</span></h3> - - <p class="drop-img antiqua"> - <span class="drop-img"><img src="images/drop_c1.png" width="120" height="120" alt='C' /></span>Onsidering - howe many woorthie and excellent men, not onely in - our present age, but in manie yeares before vs haue liued, none of - all which (though questionlesse furnished with verie great abilitie) - haue to my certaine knowledge, euer written ought in our English - tongue, touching this title: It maie seeme questionable, how I the most - disfurnished of manie others, and subiect thereby to the insight and - correction of all others, durst take vppon mee to discourse thereupon, - weighing with my selfe the subiect I take in hand, to be of speciall - qualitie, and to none so much fitting as to those that bee greatest - learned, best aduised, discreetest gouerned, and worthiest ruled, - to treate vpon. Nor doe my selfe by such presumption of mine, déem - the same to be of lesse moment then it is. Howbeit, as one tied by - a former promise, in that my first edition of this present Methode - of <em>Epistles</em>, haue nowe taken vpon me (as you see) to write - thereupon.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Truth is, that as I am none of those that maie vaunt my selfe of - any furniture sufficient to so speciall an end & purpose, yet haue I - not bin in some time of the yeares I haue spent, altogither excluded - from any fauour or tast therof at all. Neither haue I whollie spent the - seasons I haue caried, so vainely, but that at one time or other I haue - (not without some considerate aduerting) eyed the demeanours, issues, - and dispositions of sundrie humors, by insight whereinto, and some - proofe made of that which my selfe haue practised in place of seruice, - I am bold in this onelie discourse, to aduenture the performance of - that I haue promised.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In the discouerie whereof, my minde is not, nor shall be to - prescribe vnto any one, but to deliuer what in mine owne opinion, - I haue coniectured to be meetest in such a person. Wel regarding - the number of those who enabled by farre better skill, or guided by - experience, and their owne proper vertue, can both search and wade - further therein, then my poore abilitie may anie waies looke into.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_102a">102</span> For - which my purpose is, and shall be in this present discourse, onlie to - set forth vnto such, whose vnripened yeers, or want of decernment, haue - not yet made them apt vnto so speciall a beeing, and qualitie: what in - my plaine conceit, vnto the place and office of such a one, meete and - fit to be a <em>Secretorie</em>, maie be thought most consonant and worthie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">To the accomplishment whereof, as the best and méetest induction - to such a matter, it shall not bee to slender purpose, to speake - first of the name thereof, and to sift out by what meane the partie - seruing in such a place, had the originall title to be called a - <em>Secretorie</em>. You shall then vnderstande, that as me séemeth, by - speciall reason and iudgement, this name <em>Secretorie</em>, importing - therein as it doth action of great consequence, doth beare in it matter - of more circumstance, then by euerie one is considered, and by howe - much the more honourable the place of attendance is, where such a - one doth serue, by so much the more beseemeth the partie called vnto - such seruice, be a man choice and of worthie estimate, habilitie and - iudgement. So then am I not of opinion of the multitude, who holde that - the praiseable endeuour or abilitie of well writing or ordering the - pen, is the matter that maketh the <em>Secretorie</em>, (albeit the - vse heereof is not the least part of manie other things incident to - the same <em>office</em>) but that carying with it selfe a purpose of - much weightier effect, the person therunto named was as a deriuatiue - from that which containeth the chiefest title of credite, and place of - greatest assurance that may be reposed, in respect of the affinitie - they both haue of trust and <em>fidelitie</em>, each with the other, by - great conceyte and discretion, tearmed to bee a <em>Secretorie</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And albeit there happily maie be opinions some waies contrarying - vnto this my present deliuerie, touching the <em>originall</em> of - this title: yet standing directly assured that they all being laid - togithers, must of necessitie conclude on the verie <em>Secrecie</em>, - <em>trust</em> and <em>regarde</em>, speciallie imposed on him who beareth - the same title: I will boldlie for this cause define, that in respect - of such <em>Secrecie</em>, <em>trust</em> and <em>assuraunce</em> required at - the handes of him who serueth in such place, the name was first giuen - to be called a <em>Secretorie</em>, and that by the <em>etymologie</em> - of the verie word it selfe, sounding in true coniecture, - <i lang="la">quasicustos</i>, or <i lang="la">conseruator secreti sibi - commissi</i>, <em>a keeper or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_103a">103</span> conseruer of the secret vnto him - committed</em>.</p> - - <p><span class="antiqua">By this reason, we do call the most secrete place in the house, - appropriate vnto our owne priuate studies, and wherein wee repose and - deliberate by deepe consideration of all our waightiest affaires, - a</span> Closet, <span class="antiqua">in true intendment and meaning, a place where our - dealings of importance are shut vp, a roome proper and peculiar to our - selues. And whereas into each other place of the house, it is ordinarie - for euery néere attendant about vs to haue accesse: in this place we - doe solitarie and alone shut vp our selues, of this we keepe the key - our selues, and the vse thereof alone doe onelie appropriate vnto our - selues.</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">And if we should run but into the nature of things secret, and - consider by the name, what to such a matter is required, we shall find - that of it owne selfe it chalengeth so much, wherby with three things - most speciallie it is saide to be fortified, <em>viz.</em> with - <em>couertnes</em>, that it be closelie kept from the eyes, eares or - vnderstanding of others: <em>Safetie</em>, that securelie it be - retained, and laid vp, both with choice respect and tendering: - <em>Assurance</em>, that by no mistake, negligence, or defect of the partie - hauing charge of such a secrete, it may turne to a preiudice.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Thus then by the concurrence of these, it appeareth that vnto - euerie <em>secrete</em> there is required a <em>Closet</em>, and the - proper vse of that <em>Closet</em>, is onelie for the <em>couertnesse</em>, - <em>saftie</em> and <em>assurance</em> of the <em>secrete</em>: all which - considered, let vs nowe see, if you will, what <em>analogie</em> or - proportion they haue with our <em>Secretorie</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">It hath beene alreadie before alledged, that by the verie - <em>etimologie</em> of the worde it selfe, both <em>Name</em> and - <em>Office</em> in one, doe conclude vppon <em>secrecie</em>: If so, then - in respect of the <em>couertnes</em>, <em>safetie</em> and <em>assurance</em> - in him reposed, and not otherwise, the partie seruing in such - place may be called a <em>Secretorie</em>. The <em>Closet</em> in - euerie house, as it is a reposement of <em>secrets</em>, so is it - onelie (as I saide before) at the owners, and no others commaundement: - The <em>Secretorie</em>, as hee is a <em>keeper and conseruer of - secrets</em>, so is hee by his Lorde or Maister, and by none other to - bee directed. To a <em>Closet</em>, there belongeth properlie, a - <em>doore</em>, a <em>locke</em>, and a <em>key</em>: to a <em>Secretorie</em>, - there appertaineth incidentlie, <em>Honestie</em>, <em>Care</em>, and - <em>Fidelitie</em>.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104a">104</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">And forasmuch as by the concurrence of these twaine, both <em>Name</em> - and <em>Office</em> doe seeme in vsage and account to be of so - great waightinesse, and that our <em>Secretorie</em>, as wel in title, - as place standeth by such declaration, ioyntlie tied vnto so district - an obseruance: let vs now a little further enter into the function and - place he beareth in such kinde of seruice, and consider that being in - one condition a <em>seruant</em>, he is at the pleasure and appointment - of another to be commanded: and being in a second respect as a - <em>Friend</em>, he is charilie to haue in estimate, the state, honor, - reputation and being of him whom he serueth.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Touching the first of these, in that he is (I meane) a - <em>Seruant</em>, it is to be intended, that thereunto belongeth a - <em>Superiour</em>, by whose absolute direction, his actions of seruice, - are to bee ordered and commaunded. And notwithstanding the reputation, - credite, and estate of beeing, to him giuen and allowed by his - <em>Lorde</em> or <em>Maister</em>, hee is yet to consider, that the weight - and summe thereof acrueth from his onelie fauor, countenance, and - good opinion, and that by howe much the more, hee liberallie and of - an honourable minde affoordeth vnto him the respectes thereof: by so - much the more seriouslie ought hee by all possible endeuours of seruice - and industrie, as farre forth as in him is, to studie to conserue and - vpholde the same.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And herein seemeth it not fruitlesse to oppose vnto such a ones - remembrance, some part of the considerations pertinent and annexed - to the state of a seruant, and what dependancie in common reckoning - resteth betwéene him, who beareth in his sway the authoritie and rule - of a Maister, and the other, who in account that he is to be commanded, - carieth a maner of subiection to that partie, who for the time of such - seruice, is at his hands to bee reuerenced and obeyed.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In regard of which, wee are to see, that by the title and - prerogatiue which euerie <em>maister</em> hath generallie ouer his - <em>seruant</em>, there is a certaine linke of dutie, wherewith each one - that serueth is strained to his obeysance. There is also by that very - name of <em>seruant</em> a kind of fidelitie and trust required, more - speciall then that betwéene the <em>sonne</em> and the <em>father</em>, - and that of so great efficacy, as whereon (peraduenture) may - rest not alonely this disposition of the goods, estate, & principall - affairs, but also oftentimes yᵉ life, hazard<span class="pagenum" id="Page_105a">105</span> or vndoing of the - person of his said <em>maister</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">A <em>Son</em> cannot be saide to owe fidelitie to his - <em>parents</em>, for which cause there is also no breach of trust on him - to be imposed. If he deale contrarie to the condition of a <em>son</em>, - the bond by which he is strained proceedeth of nature, and so are - his actions accordinglie held for vnkind, or vnnaturall. But the - <em>seruant</em> not linked by nature, is tied in trust, and by contrarying - of such trust, or not performing thereof, is held treacherous or - vnfaithfull. Besides, so great a <em>predomination</em> hath this - name of <em>fidelitie</em> in the harts of a number, that many haue - refused to commit themselues in times of hazard to their <em>Children</em>, - but rather haue relied themselues wholie on the assurance of their seruants.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And howbeit, most certaine it is, that <em>Nature</em> - woonderfullie swaieth manie times in her proper features, yet in - this case hath she commonly lesse efficacie then in any others. For as - a currant of water loseth his power in being turned backwarde, from - his straightened course, but hath forcible passage in the waie that - it holdeth: so is <em>Nature</em> in this action of <em>parentes</em> - and <em>children</em>, which running forwards from issue to issue, - hath mighty operation, but when it should be returned backwarde, hath - seldome anie power at all.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Contrariwise, whether it be the <em>honestie</em> of the name that - leadeth it, or the <em>common reputation</em> that each faithfull vsage - carieth in the eares of good men, or a <em>feruencie of affection</em>, - linked properlie to the place where anie trust is reposed, I will - not now dispute vpon, but questionlesse, of so charie regarde hath - <em>fidelitie</em> alwaies beene accounted, as immediatlie vpon the name of - a <em>seruant</em> taken, it seemeth not alone to be vnto the selfe - title appropriate, but it is in a manner by the proper allowance - thereunto giuen, seuerelie exacted.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now, albeit this kind of exaction and charge, seemeth in the - deliuerie thereof to bee indéed verie great, yet when hee that serueth - hath performed all that in such case is to be required: he cannot for - this or that alledge, that hee hath effected anie more then whereunto - by the verie loyalty of a <em>seruant</em> he was enioyned, nor can - hee rightlie or properlie affirme, that by an extraordinarie respect - more then he ought, he hath accomplished the same. For that in things - whereunto a man is bounde, there can be no gratuitie - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_106a">106</span> opposed: but - where a man aboue that hee is charged hath further endeuoured, or more - worthilie attained, therein of troth, and not otherwise, shineth the - greatest praise and glorie vnto him that maie be.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">For this cause then doe I saie of our <em>Secretorie</em>, that - as hee is in one degree in place of a <em>seruant</em>, so is he - in another degrée in place of a <em>friend</em>. A <em>seruant</em> - meanlie trained in some <em>Mechanicall</em> Science, sheweth - fidelitie to his Maister, in an vpright dealing and disposition of - his wares or goodes. Another in like sort hauing the receyte of his - Maisters reuenewes, becommeth a faithfull dispenser in his accountes - and reckonings. Some on the other side haue asmuch or the like - <em>fidelitie</em> in keeping of counsels. Others againe by a termed zeale - vnto their masters, haue in recognizing their <em>fidelitie</em> died - willinglie for their fauours.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Of all these sortes of <em>Fidelitie</em>, the last as I am sure - it hath lesse seeming of credence or supposition of troth in common - beléeuing then anie of the others, so is it (you will grant mee,) the - most assured and most moouing pittie, prayse and commendation, in all - reckoning aboue anie of the others. And that such are and haue beene, I - could recite vnto you sundrie remembrances, and one but of late yeares, - that in verie sufficient knowledge fell out to be effected, and thus - was the circumstance, as my vnderstanding could beare it.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">When sir <em>Iohn</em> of Desmond in Ireland, some number of years - passed, of a rebellious and cruell minde to the state there being, - and principallie to her Maiesty, had solemnly conspired, and most - tyrannously sworne the death and destruction of all English men in - his Countrey, there happened one <em>Henrie Dauill</em> an English - Gentleman to lie, at that verie bloudie pretended season, in the house - of the saide Knight, and for two causes of him was thought entirelie to - bee fauoured, the one in respect that hee was his Christian Gossip, as - they there terme it (a linke strong inough to haue purchased fauour in - that Countrey, had it not beene with a most bloudie tyrant) the other, - in that hee was a Gentleman both courteous, bountifull and valiant.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">This Maister <em>Dauill</em> had at that time onelie an Irish - boy attendant vpon him, the time conspired for this murder was at - midnight,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107a">107</span> - when all men careleslie were sleeping. About the watch - whereof, sir <em>Iohn</em> and his companie entring the Chamber - of maister <em>Dauill</em>, wakened him from sléepe, opened the - conspiracie, and willed him to prepare him to his lot, assuring him - that were it not he had without exception vowed in his heart, and sworn - the death of all English men, he could desirouslie, aswell for that he - was his Christian Gossip, as for other loue he ought him, haue suffered - his life, but all being appointed to die, he must go with the rest.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The boy hauing receiued into his eares the sound of his masters - death, and therewith sundrie menacing strokes seeing readie to bee - proffered, stirred (no question) by a most zealous <em>Fidelitie</em>, - clasped on his masters breast, and with such slender resistance as - hee coulde, did beare off the blowes, receyued vppon his owne bodie - diuers and sundrie wounds, and doe what they could, no one could pull - or remooue him from thence, till fretting rage kindeled in these - mercilesse creatures, made them kill the Boy vppon his maister, and his - Maister vnder the Boy, both at one instant togithers.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The memorie of this acte, as it is most pitifull in rehearsall, so - will it of a number bee thought verie strange. If anie <em>Fidelitie</em>, - haue by feruencie beene accounted off, this you will iudge of - anie others ought chieflie to be embraced. But yet not this, nor anie - of the residue of those partes of <em>Fidelitie</em> by mee alreadie - deliuered are such, as in this place I hold meete to be pursued. For - howbeit the seruice of our <em>Secretorie</em> is properlie by it selfe - with all <em>assurance</em> to be caried, yet doe wee not place him - in so meane a degree as that by corruption of coine, he might be held - for distrusted nor on the other side would we haue him of iudgement so - disfurnished, but that touching the difference of counsels, or tender - of his life, he should make a decernment.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In this Boy voluntarilie as hee did, in the verie weakenesse of - his yeares, to seeke by death his Maisters safegarde, was no doubt, a - thing woorthie to bee admired. But in manifestation of so great loue, - and testimonie of so loyall affection, had hee beene by yeares more - enabled, it would haue beene thought verie fondlie of to haue done it, - without thereby his Masters death might haue beene reuenged, or his - life preserued: Els to what end is <em>Fidelitie</em> applied, or what - vse at all in reckoning, remaineth<span class="pagenum" id="Page_108a">108</span> there of it?</p> - - <p class="antiqua">By <em>discretion</em> to discerne, by <em>vertue</em> to iudge, - and by <em>wisdome</em> to resolue, how and which way the efficacie - and assurance of all <em>trust</em> and <em>fidelitie</em> ought - to be caried, is a thing meetest in all reputation principallie to - be obserued. How can there otherwise appeare anie worthinesse, if - affections sort to bee equall, or what distinguishment may there be of - spirits when mens iudgementes are common.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><em>George Castrioth</em>, surnamed <em>Scanderbeg</em>, the terrour while - hee liued, and onlie man able to confound the <em>Turkish</em> forces, - during his infancie, hauing bin trained vp with <em>Amurath</em> father - to <em>Mahomet</em> the second Emperour of the <em>Turkes</em> (for - that in the conquest of <em>Epirus</em> by the same <em>Amurath</em>, - the father of <em>Scanderbeg</em> being slaine, and his - <em>Signory</em> subdued vnto the <em>Turke</em>, hee was then with others - led awaie into <em>Turky</em> a captiue.) When hee arriued to manlie - yeares, and serued with great fortune and valour the saide <em>Amurath</em> - in his warres: it happened that being in one great battell as - generall of the <em>Turkish</em> Armie against the <em>Christians</em>, - and fighting against <em>Hungarie</em>, a remorse of conscience - tooke him, in that hee being the sonne of a <em>Christian</em> Prince, - professed in Christianitie, and vowed to God, should so wickedlie - become the confusion of his brethren, and warre against <em>Christ</em> - and his kingdome.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And albeit he was neuer vnfortunate in anie fight, and at that - time likeliest of al other to attaine the victory, yet regarding the - state and maner of the conquest, he faintinglie withdrew, & with - great discouragement vnto his people, gaue power vnto the enemy to - be at that time a conquerour. Which done, himselfe with a few chiefe - and principall persons his associates, tooke themselues together in flight.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In this company, was a noble Gentleman, wise in behauiour, - faithfull in counsell, and secret in trust, at that time - <em>Secretorie</em> and of counsell to the great <em>Turke</em>. The place - of their residence seruing well to the purpose, him <em>Scanderbeg</em> - (being of the others assured) tooke onlie in hand to acquaint with - his enterprize. And forasmuch as his credence with the saide - <em>Amurath</em> was such, as in the repose of his troth, rested both - Signet, and warrant sufficient, to put forwarde whatsoeuer direction - or commaund in anie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_109a">109</span> the - <em>Turkish signories</em>, vpon paine of - death to be obeyed, <em>Scanderbeg</em> declaring his wearisomnesse - of captiuitie and seruage, desire to visite his kingdome, and liking - after that to liue at liberty a <em>christian</em>, and therewithall - howe often the <em>Turke</em> had promised to restore him, and yet - still brake with him, enioyned the <em>Secretorie</em> to write letters - of command in the <em>Turkes</em> name, to the Deputie or rulers of - his fathers kingdome, that as their lawfull Prince and gouernour - they shoulde then at that instant without more delaie receiue him, - and thenceforth renounce and put from them their wonted charge and authoritie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And albeit the power of <em>Scanderbeg</em> was in that place - great, and the <em>Secretorie</em> nothing misdoubted at all his - resolution, and therefore feared too much to contradict him in the - same, knowing also that if he assented to that demaund, hauing yet - libertie to depart, he might timely inough aduertize the <em>Turk</em> - to the preuention: yet vsed he neuerthelesse so manie effectuall - speeches as for the present he could, to disswade him: which not - preuailing, hee assented at last for feare, and wrote as he required him.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The Letters orderlie signed and sealed, as to the importance - belonged, <em>Scanderbeg</em> knowing the great wisedome, fidelitie - and counsell of the <em>Secretorie</em>, thought it nowe a matter of - no small worth, if by any facility he could win him also vnto his - companie, to passe in the same iourny, or otherwise if he refused, then - déemed he fit that he should not returne aliue, to carrie newes to - the <em>Turk</em> of his determined iourney. And therefore first with - as manie kinde entreaties and offers of all honour, fauour, estimate, - and aduauncement that could be, he assailed him, he proposed also the - expectation of his own fortune, valour, power and strength of the - euerliuing God whom he serued, that was able to defende them, and all - possible meanes that otherwise could bee deuised to mooue him. But none - of these in fine preuailing, he lastlie set before his eies, that vpon - such refusall, hee for his owne best assurance must be enforced to kill him.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Which maner of spéech, albeit mooued in the <em>Secretorie</em> - diuers alterations, yet chose he as the most honestest part, no - wayes to defraude the trust in him reposed, especiallie by assistance - in his owne person thereunto giuen. And seeing he could by no meanes - escape with life, aduised suddenlie rather to die in the handes - of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_110a">110</span> <em>Scanderbeg</em> - for that he had alreadie done, then in so - manifest an action of disloyaltie, to be found a principall actor of - treason against his Lord and maister.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Great is the linke of <em>Vertue</em> whereby the mindes of men - singular are manie wayes bound, neither falleth it out in those of - weake spirite and capacitie to become partakers of the praise due - vnto so high and honored excellencie. To men baselie conceyted, there - is neither respect of troth, loue, honor, duty, or other matter - whatsoeuer, whereby to drawe them from a sensuall appetite or carnall - desire of their owne liuing, safetie and commoditie: But to those who - are the sworne schollers of <em>vertue</em>, to whom true glory is of - price, who solie haue in estimate to make choyce of things worthie: In - these it sorteth to be a shame, what others reckon for laud: to them - a preiudice, what many hold for gaine, they contemning by a sole - <em>vertue</em> and discréete choice of the minde, what is besides or lesse - then that which accordeth to the true honor and reputation of well - deseruing, cannot content themselues to liue where their credite dieth, - despise wealth, where honour is to be pursued, neglect reputation, - where loyaltie is not entertained, and expect no fidelitie, where - consequently the effects of an honest and woorthie mind, are not - principallie to be caried.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">As then, by what vse soeuer applied, I do in al things commend - <em>Fidelitie</em> and <em>Trust</em> to be performed where by districtnesse - it is chalenged: so nowe doe I in the carriage of this our - <em>Secretorie</em>, sort him forth properlie from the residue by a - difference, for where in persons of lesse conceite, and lower respect, - some vsages are commendable, in him they are to bee presumed, as no - wayes to bee doubted of: neither is it to be expected, that the mould - of such a one should be so subiect to imperfections, as that in common - & mean actions he should thinke to be praised: séeing that where - any breach of those parts in men lower conceyted might be found, it - woulde in them be helde as in comparison a thing no more then might be - doubted, but in him would it turne to a most vituperable basenes with - such intendments to be spotted.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And as I thus sequester him from the ordinarie vsage of what held - to be liked, so doe I againe drawe in him a speciall choice, of things - high, and worthie beseeming, aboue others (lesse considerate) in all - things to bee carried, and wherein the summe of his fidelitie - <span class="pagenum" id="Page_111a">111</span> shall - onelie be required. For seeing that by reason of the place wherein hee - standeth of imployment, by reason of his supposed education, birth, - qualitie, or other decernment, by reason of the waight, more then of - common trust, in him diuersly imposed, he séemeth to be a man euerie - way proportionate to a farre other end & purpose, then of euerie - ordinarie attendant is commonlie required, it must néeds thē be of such - a one coniectured, that by far greater skill & measure he be in euery - of his actions demeaned, yᵉ with much greater modestie, care, respect, - consideration and integritie he doe by such meanes temper all his - outward and inward behauiours, and iudgements, as beeing himselfe in - reputation a Gentleman, and conuersing among such as haue discretion to - deeme of a Gentleman, hee may least of all be touched with anie thing, - that lesseneth or il beséemeth anie part of that, which principallie - may appertaine to a Gentleman.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And whereas in any other attendant it is a matter praise worthie, - to be beautified or aduanced by some one or other speciall <em>vertue</em> - or qualitie, in him it is of necessitie, who by how much the more - néerer he is in frequentation of any honorable place or calling, by - so much the more néedefull is it, that he be accordinglie furnished - wherewith in séemelie and laudable sort, to enter and approch the - same. And as in the seruice of euery one whatsoeuer, it is specially - required, to be endued with all parts of dutifull attendance & - loyaltie: so is it for him to excell, and bee different, because in his - imployment, trust and otherwise, there is exacted at his hands a far - greater scope and efficacie, then wherewith anie other seemeth to be - charged by anie proportion or qualitie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">By this measure nowe of <em>Fidelitie</em>, <em>trust</em> or <em>loyall - credit</em> of a seruant, in which place our <em>Secretorie</em>, as - you see standeth bounden by the first degrée of his seruice, it - maie secondlie be coniectured, in what respectiue estate, he ought - for the residue of that which to his attendance appertaineth, bee - accounted a <em>Friend</em>. The limits of <em>Friendship</em> (as it - might bee obiected) are streight, and there can bee no Friend where - an inequalitie remaineth. Twixt the partie commaunded and him that - commaundeth, there is no societie, and therefore no <em>Friendship</em> - where resteth a <em>Superioritie</em>. But I say and affirme, that - if it bee true, that the summe of all <em>Friendship</em> taketh his - originall of loue, and that the true demonstration<span class="pagenum" id="Page_112a">112</span> of loue - groweth by a <em>simpathie</em> of affections, of which affections <em>Vertue</em> - is said to be the whole & simple ground, then may this - <em>simpathie</em> of affectiōs so groūded on <em>vertue</em> as aforesaid, - be turned into loue, notwithstanding yᵉ inequality of estate or - condition whereby a man vertuouslie disposed, being seruant to such - a one who is honourablie inclined, may in that place of seruice in - which he continueth, be reputed in processe of time to become as a friend.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">But if we shall goe to the true definition of friendship, you will - then saie, that this friendshippe so called and reputed among men, as - it is a <em>simpathie</em> of affections firmlie vnited togithers, - so is it such a vniting, as wherein what the one coueteth, the - other desireth, in respect whereof worlds and life, and all are not - desirable, but despised, I would not here be taken, that of any sorts - of people that run into all or a number of these like effects, without - exception of qualitie, I intend, that they therfore were also to beare - the name of <em>friends</em>, for so men vtterly vicious and lewdly - giuen, consorting in wickednes, and other base exercises, in which - each spendeth his life, or desperatlie dieth one for another, might be - reputed as <em>friends</em>, I haue no such meaning, nor is my intent - herein to so generall a purpose. But speaking of <em>friendship</em>, I - only deale with such, whose actions and sincere desires haue in - <em>vertue</em> highest preheminence, for these, not by aduenture, but by - a deliberate counsell and choise regard speciallie had, of things - valuable and worthy, do accomplish their effects by a most honourable purpose.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">To this then I answer, that if the weight of <em>friendship</em>, - so consisteth in a <em>simpathie</em> of affection, vniting of - hearts, coueting anothers good, and despising all that maie be gained, - in respect of the partie befriended: whie yet maie not our - <em>Secretorie</em> as well as any other, merit neuerthelesse in this place - of seruice at the handes of his L. or master, the name of a - <em>Friend</em>? Why should he not therein aswell as anie other haue that - power in him planted, whereby to become a <em>Friend</em>? Touching - the equalitie of affections, though it is still laid down that therein - ought to be no difference, & the <em>commander</em> and the - <em>commanded</em>, do yet alwaies make a discordance: I maie neuerthelesse - thus much deliuer thereof, that by all common likelihood it is - assuredlie to be coniectured, that no one personage of estate, laieth - choice vpon such a one to serue so néer about him, and to be in place - of so great trust as appertaineth to a man<span class="pagenum" id="Page_113a">113</span> of that reckoning, - but ere he long haue vsed him, he bindeth vnto him at least some good part of - his affection. For how can it otherwise be thought, but that our - <em>Secretorie</em> being one euerie waie so waightilie to be imployed as - he is, partaking as he doeth with so manie causes of importance, and - vndiscouered secrets and counsels, standing as he must vpon so neere - attendance, as hee that is almost (as occasion serueth) euerie minute - of an houre to be vsed, but that to his L. or Master, he must of - necessitie bee verie charie, and at the leastwise more particularlie - then manie others, by a great deale to be beloued.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">He then thus finding in so noble a place, so honourable an account, - our <em>Secretorie</em> being as he ought to be, a man of <em>vertue</em>, - and <em>worth</em>, cannot chose on yᵉ other side, but frame - his vtmost thoughts correspondent in all things to those particular - fauours, his conuersing, his neerenesse and attendance, turneth then - to an affection, and this, heated by the dailie encrease of his Lord - or maisters liking towardes him, groweth thence to a feruencie, and - so each <em>vertue</em> kindled by the others <em>Grace</em>, maketh - at last a coniunction, which by the multitude of fauors rising from - the one, and a thankfull compensation alwayes procured in the other, - groweth in the end to a <em>simpathie</em> vnseparable, and therby by - all intendment concludeth a most perfect vniting.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><em>Panutius</em>, the faithfull <em>Secretorie</em> and counsellour to - the great Emperour and Philosopher surnamed <em>Aurelius</em>, for - the high <em>wisdome</em>, <em>fidelitie</em>, and counsell by him in all his - seruices continued towards the Prince during his life time, and euen - to the verie entrance of his graue, deserued before manie others, - (secrete also in aduice to the said Emperour) to be termed and called - by the name of a <em>friend</em>. Insomuch as he onelie daring to - speake plainlie, what in others iudgements might séeme to be offensiue, - & to perswade faithfullie, what he saw most agreeing to the present - extremitie, made the Emperour pronounce himselfe fortunate, to haue - nourished one so discreet in his Pallace, and most blessed of all, in - that when each failed him in his dying, he onely was found assured vnto - him, among all that were liuing.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In this friendlie knot of loue, and that of seruile commaund, - remaineth a most notable difference, especiallie for this matter - of <em>trust</em> and <em>fidelitie</em>, required in seruice, - for, <i lang="la">quem metuunt odiunt</i>,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_114a">114</span> <em>whom men feare they hate</em>: - well may they for fashions sake please, but this sound kinde of - affection is often far from their thought. And yet that there may bee - an awed reuerence, aswel in <em>loue</em> as in <em>feare</em>, who - doubteth it, yea and that rather far more assured and effectuall - then the other. For where this grounded <em>Loue</em> by <em>vertue</em> - once staieth confirmed, the humilitie and gentlenesse of the mind - is it immediatlie that afterwards directeth the thoughtes, we then doe - gladlie honour the more, by how much the willinger we desire to serue, - and more firmlie obeie, by how much the more entirelie we stand to be - fauored. This friendlie <em>Fidelitie</em>, not vrged or constrained - by soueraign command, but of a zeale to weldoing voluntarily embraced; - leadeth the reputation and estimate of our <em>Secretory</em> to be - receiued as a friend.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">As of <em>Fidelity</em>, besides <em>Credit</em> of <em>counsell</em> - and <em>riches</em>, there are sundrie other branches, and diuers - deserued partes that seriouslie may bee commended, so are there of - <em>Friendship</em>. The association of both twaine, combineth and knitteth - together all other perfections. Which granted, vndoubtedlie must the - partie frequenting so great a place of seruice, proue then to be a - person of right speciall commendation, of answerable <em>vertue</em>, - nd of noted discretion. For that in doing seruice to his Lorde or - maister, it séemeth a matter incident to his accompt, and to the better - effecting the name of a friend, that in causes vrgent and néedfull, - he be not vnpurueyed in his owne person, wherewith discreetlie, as - occasion serueth, both to aduise & counsell (the very efficient - matter wherin his enabled discretion may with greatest singularitie - be performed) the assurance whereof, by credit of most memorable - antiquities, hath not onlie framed that of loyall seruantes, such - haue bin entertained as faithfull friendes, but also hath not beene - slender occasion manie times, to the preuention of sundrie vehement and - dangerous mischiefes.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">To accompanie the troubles, miseries, calamities and infortunities - of him to whom we are this waies, or that waies in our seruice linked - or beholding, or to beare willinglie, and with a sufferable mind - for his sake, whatsoeuer in declaration of our vertue seemeth to an - honest disposition, to be either incident or appertaining, no man - verely denieth, but that they are assured & notable demonstrations of - a verie exquisite performance. But what of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_115a">115</span> that? the propertie - and excellencie of this vertue is not therefore alwaies in that one only - sort to bee caried, neither with the greatest estimate and commendation - that thereunto is appropriate, is the worthinesse hereof whollie to be - commended.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">To preuent mischiefs sometimes, and by a warie foresight and care - had of the honor and reputation of our commander, to fence (if need be) - the same by a politicke deuise, without preiudice, from any touch of - disgrace or dishonour, to disswade or dehort faithfully, from things - impeaching or offensiue to their estates or nobility to reueale the - hurt they know not, or causes important wherunto they are nothing - priuy, to counsaile deuoid of flatterie, and to oppose the good that - least harmeth, and the euill that hath neerest remedy: these things - as in their seueral considerations, they can as sufficientlie as anie - others declare a man to be endued, both with rare knowledge, and right - excellent vertue, so who doubteth, but that the most slender of them - all, weigheth as déeply as any other in cause of <em>Fidelity</em>. And - yet if anie more speciall liking in one thing then other be to be - attributed, where comonly men do seem to haue generallie well deserued, - then of necessitie must the same greatlie rather insue where euils most - preiudicing are foreseene and auoided by politick wisdome, then where - vnskilfullie they are entred into, carying in their bosomes, either - extreame hazard or ineuitable vndoing.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Much is the felicitie that the maister or Lord receiueth euermore - of such a seruant, in the chary affection and regard of whom affying - himselfe assuredlie, he findeth he is not alone a commander of his - outward actions, but the disposer of his verie thoughts, yea he is the - Soueraigne of all his desires, in whose bosome hee holdeth the repose - of his safety to be far more precious, then either estate, liuing, - or aduancement, whereof men earthly minded are for the most part desirous.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Of all the abuses that haue beene or at this daie remaineth in - the attendance of honorable personages, there is no euil so secret or - pernitious, as is the venome of flatterie, the couert seating whereof, - in men of all ages, humors, qualities and complexions, hath for the - most part taken so vehement and deep impression, as it seemeth almost - irrecuperable in the greatest sortes and numbers of persons to be - auoided. The daliance of this daintie clawback<span class="pagenum" id="Page_116a">116</span> is smooth, the - entrance pleasing, the progression subtill, the continuance forcible, but the - ende falleth out euermore to bee deceitfull.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Men infected with this kinde of scurrilitie, and basenesse of - condition, being in proper designments <em>Curri-fauels</em> of the - world, it is no maruell if hauing in common request, all shewes - possible of graffed and sound demeanours, they slide manie times - into the opinions of the most notable and worthiest, for they haue - learned by art to acquaint themselues at the first with all sorts of - humors and fashions, and being of their owne dispositions so placable - as they be in all things, it is with them a maner of sacriledge, to - bee found slacke or contrarious in anie thing, <i>Dicunt?</i> - saie they, <i>Dico, aiunt? aio.</i> Finallie, resoluing - trustilie to deale no waie, they deuise how it may be possible to frame - themselues euery way.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">These and such as these impugning the plaine and simple drifts - of honest meaning, haue alwayes a face of brasse, wherwith to shooue - forward, and to forestall what by the shamefast entendment of anie - other, seemeth bashfully to bee pursued, they are still pressing on, - and euermore sliding, but if they once get handfast, or happilie be - after strained from the hope of that they would, their loue then and - attendance immediatlie thereuppon die at one instant togithers.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Iniurious me séemeth, and too perillous is the approaching - of these priuate whisperers, whose inward conuersation, as in the - verie first conceit and discouerie thereof, it appeareth vnto a man - vertuously giuen, to be altogither odious, so vnto him that intendeth - purely of himselfe, they are in the seruices of Noblemen euermore - most thwarting and malicious, insomuch as if such a one staied with - honestie, woulde neuer so faithfullie, simplie and trulie endeuour - himselfe by all parts of dutifull care and loialtie, hee shall yet - neuer want of those peruerse créepers, that by one cautelous suppose - or other, will still be before hand, wherwith if it be possible to - disgrace him vtterlie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">That these and such other actions of vilitie, commonlie handled, - as they are in honorable places, do become oftentimes barres to good - meaning, and stumbling blockes to plaine dealing, there needeth (as I - thinke) at this present verie small question. Neither would I be so - misled, as to déeme that there wanteth either<span class="pagenum" id="Page_117a">117</span> - insight or iudgment - in many noble personages to discerne them, for they are discerned &, - oftentimes spurned at, I know it right well, but what of that? This - beeing also a common practise and occupation of the worlde, smoothlie - to slide through all thinges, and to meane trulie in nothing, it is no - maruell if by the too double diligence of such men, some one or other - happen now and then to be deceiued.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">But forsomuch as it is of necessitie; that euerie honorable estate - must and ought to bee serued, and that where a multitude good are in - attendance, there ensueth cōmonly to be among them some few that are - euill, either of an annexed propinquitie or opposition of good and - bad, vertue and vice, emulating or rather enuieng as we see the daily - progression each of the other, or else for that the world something - addicted to peruerse manners, sendeth forth often times such imps - of her substance, as become monstrous disturbers of euery honest - endeuor. It shall notwithstanding behooue him whatsoeuer, whose end - & expectation stretcheth to yᵉ sole desert, that of euerie laudable - purpose is rightly to be attained, either in abstaining from anie - occasion of blemish to his vertue that may happen, to resolue with - himselfe neuer to serue at all, or seruing, at the least wise so to - arme his conceiptes for all maner of such like disgraces as that he - maie content himselfe in that being but trulie censured as he ought, - the ende of his determinations are certainlie to be adiudged honest, - albeit his ill hap perchance such, as therby he attain neither liking - nor preferment or if either he stand in present, or be in possibilitie - to attain fauor, then not to be discouraged in the honest prosequution - thereof, by anie practis or enuie whatsoeuer, resting in himselfe - firmly assured, that time or the true discernment of him whome hee - serueth, shall at length yéeld scope to that, whereunto by true degrees - of <em>vertue</em> he sought to haue aspired.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">And séeing that in all causes of zeale and loue, where the mind - is tied by an entire desire and care of weldoing, to him whom once in - conceipt it seemeth to growe chary ouer, the force thereof seldom or - neuer passeth lightlie at the first, without some blocke or other laid - before it, whereby to hinder or discourage the proceedings alreadie - determined, and that so farre forth as one while a man supposing - the fidelitie of his seruice might at a time be fully<span class="pagenum" id="Page_118a">118</span> effected - and discharged in the requisite deliuerie of some present aduise & - counsell, yet terrified perchance, or otherwise disswaded with the - resolution, mightinesse, or nobility of his L. or Maister, or fearing - to be argued of presumption, or else in setting downe the desire he - hath of safegard vnkindlie to be mistaken. It shall not therefore be - consonant to this our <em>Secretories</em> place of seruice thereupon - immediatly to become silent, or so to suffer the euill which himself - clearly séeth, to passe vnregarded, especiallie when the case is either - weightie, or neerelie otherwise concerneth his nobilitie whom he - serueth, for so should he by a kind of <em>Pusillanimitie</em>, become - guiltie of the verie occasion, how great soeuer the same should happen, - which somtimes lying in his credit or counsell, to haue impugned, he - of a weak disposition abstained neuerthelesse to see preuented. And - yet is it not (néeds must I saie and confesse) a matter altogether - vntried, that men vaingloriouslie minded, or arrogantlie otherwise - intending of their owne proper seruices, notoriouslie oftentimes do - fal into this vain of presumption, who pricked on with the credit and - fauour to them giuen by their L. or Maister, and foolishly conceiuing - thereof to lead their thoughts in a string, do ignorantly or péeuishlie - thereupon, take in hande manie times to direct them in their serious - affaires or counsels, and controlling in their inward thoughts - whatsoeuer is besides or contrarying to their own opinions, do of - seruants become <em>sawcie</em>: of men modest, <em>malapert</em>: of - aduisers, <em>arrogant</em>: and consequentlie, running into euerie - misprision of others, and what else appertaining to a regarde of other - mens actions, appeare at length so imperious, as by the sole default of - their owne misdemeanours, they are turned at the last quite forth by - the elbowes.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The defect hereof, so far discrepant as it is, from the steadie - kind of gouernment hereby throughout concluded vpon, needeth not I - thinke in the framing of this our <em>Secretory</em>, to be anie - further forewarned, who by shaking from his own person anie part of - the vilities that in others may seeme chieflie to be discommended, is - herein to be ascertained, that in nothing so greatly can the excellent - vertue or condition of any man shine, then in not first committing anie - action that may appeare vile, or hardlie to bee borne withall, and - next in suppressing so much as in him is, whatsoeuer<span class="pagenum" id="Page_119a">119</span> - commendation or liking dulie to bee annexed to his owne proper deseruing, wherein - <em>humility</em> fréede from all maner of base and seruile purposes, - shall then sufficientlie instruct him, that <em>curtesie</em> is a - vertue, <em>lowlinesse</em> a thing annexed vnto <em>gentility</em>, - to bee <em>proud</em> is a vice, to be <em>contemptuous</em> a - filthines, <em>simplicity</em> is found, <em>deceipt</em> to be - abhorred, <em>Loyalty</em> a matter in estimation, <em>Flattery</em> to - be held abhominable. I will not here dispute how much excellent and - néedfull it were vnto their estates, that the neerest attendance of - honourable personages, were with men of such vertue and knowledge in - this sort frequented, neither carping at sundry enormities, would I - therby deuise, to draw forth vnto you a man vnmatchable in qualitie, - and whereof the worlde or anie heauen besides, scarce yéeldeth either - shadow or propertie, but proposing the worthiest partes which of euerie - one absolutelie are fittest to be acquired, I do only endeuour to laie - down no other matter or ground, then wherewith men that be speciall are - at this date helde to be endued, and such as in all ages heretofore - haue been thought meetest to be followed.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">What should I lade this discourse with numbred examples vnto you - of the great estimate and regard of those, who to kéep their faiths - inuiolable to their Lordes, haue some of them beene so iealous of - their honours, as for the safegard thereof, haue by great aduisement - made a voluntarie aduenture of their dearest liues: some againe with - great loue and fauour, entertained and reputed of by their Lordes, and - not able in their seruices as they thought, during their life times - sufficiently to compense the loue and especiall zeale they beare vnto - their Honours, haue afterwards vnto their children beeing in great - disgrace with the state present, so fully effected the fruits of their - welwishing, as that by the tender accompt, reuerance and loialty to - them proposed, they haue right well declared that not vnto times alone - of estate & fortune, when little regard of such things might be at - their hands expected, their vertues haue been limitted, but chieflie in - extremity and times of want, wherin their sundry fruitions, haue bin in - most aboundant maner supplied. Others likewise charged on the death bed - with the secret affaires of their L. to be kept in speciall care and - reckoning from the knowledge of other men, could not by multitudes of - fauors, by threatnings, or other large offers whatsoeuer, bee<span class="pagenum" id="Page_120a">120</span> - so far seduced, (as when the dead was quite passed and gone out of the world, - whereby they néeded not at all to haue doubted) they would yet be led - in the least iote of al, to defraud the trust in them reposed, but haue - kept the same inuiolable to their vndoubted commendation, and further - increase afterward of good liking to a far greater credit.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Infinite are the remembrances that of these, and suchlike occasions - are and haue béen dailie recorded, the multitude whereof for breuity - I do omit. Contenting my selfe that of these two chief and principall - matters of seruice, I haue thus far forth alreadie in generalitie - debated, leauing therefore what els to bee considered therein to the - known ability of others, I procéed vnto the next part that in the - continuance of this discourse was at the first intended. And forsomuch - as the exercise of these and such like peculiar vertues and qualities, - appertaineth not, as I haue partly before deliuered, vnto men that - are of meane spirit, to such as bee naturallie touched with anie bad - or vile coercement, capacities that be insensible or ignorant, such - as haue want of education, or whose demeanors are to vertue wholie - insufficient. Let vs then more particularlie if ye will see what maner - a one he ought to be touching his person, habilitie, and condition, - that to the worthines and reputation hereof séemeth a man méetest and - most allowable to be chosen a <em>Secretory</em>.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">For the deliuerie whereof, and the better to finde our - <em>Secretory</em>, as neere as either may bee gessed, or framed, such - and none other indeed as in true and perfect meaning hee ought to be - reputed, we will distinguish the seuerall considerations and respectes - of such a one, in three special points sorting to his office, solie and - fullie in this place to be considered.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The first shalbe of the person, touching his education or being: - the second of his conuersation and order of liuing: the thirde of his - sufficiencie, by skill, knowledge, and abilitie wherewith to discharge - the place of his calling. Formerlie then touching the regard of his - person, it is requisite, that hee be descended of honest familie or - parents, the efficacie whereof conduceth not a little to the coniecture - of a sound and honest condition: that he haue also had good education, - whereby the minde well disposed is often times framed to verie good - purpose. That he be of shape & countenance<span class="pagenum" id="Page_121a">121</span> proportianable - to those required vertues, forsomuch as commonly ensueth, that <em>Nature</em> - in producing of all her creatures maketh in them effects answerable - to their seuerall constitutions, as to flowers of most exquisit - proportion, she giueth the most excellent fauour; the dog is not shaped - like the lion, nor the curre as the Spaniell: the Rennet tree is not - as the Crabbe stocke, the one bearing an Apple, wholsome, delicate and - pleasing, when it commeth to be tasted: the other putting forth of the - knures, no other then the sappe of Vertuyes, when the best of it is inioyed.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">By the countenance we doe further also iudge of the qualities and - disposition of men, insomuch as the verie markes of fauour haue not - too many iudgements proued weak discouerers of some peoples good or - vntoward conditions, wee haue likewise in euident testimonie, that - ill disposed nature confirmed by custom, seldome degenerates from the - kind either whence it is sprung, or wherein it hath long time beene - nourished.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">To mankinde there happeneth in the bodie manie deformities, which - arising not by the defect of <em>Nature</em>, so much as by ill - vsage of those, who haue had charge ouer them, cannot be amended, - but being produced by <em>Nature</em>, doe portend some one or other - notable inconuenience: To beautifie such a shape with vertuous and - honoured actions, is vndoubtedlie praise worthie, but to accord vnto - faire lineaments, portraied with requisite and daintie fauour, a mind - corrupt, base, wretched and vile, that of all others is the most - greatest and noted deformitie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua"><em>Diogenes</em> being of one passing by, rebuked of his preposterous - shape, and hard kinde of fauour, aunswered, <em>I with my vertues doe - ornifie my shape, but thou with thy lewdnesse disgracest thy fauour.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua">Touching the iudgement of nature by the outward face, many things - might be alledged that diuerslie haue beene decerned, the matter wherof - néeding small proofe, more then our owne common experience, I surcease - to debate vpon, seeing my meaning is, but out of sundrie apparances to - drawe forth the greatest likelihoode, and thence to repose a foundation - consonant to yᵉ module or compasse of this my present intendment. Onely - let this be laid down for a certaine, that the finest ware receiueth - the fairest figure, and purest mettall the brightest colour, the - damaske Rose carieth the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_122a">122</span> swéetest fauour, and the most pliable - part of <em>vertue</em>, is by greatest obseruance planted in the most - proportionate feature.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">This being then sufficiently spoken of the person, let vs now - go to the <em>Conuersation</em>. This <em>Conuersation</em> séemeth - vnto me in three points, or speciall notes to be considered: that is, - in the <em>Qualitie</em>, <em>Disposition</em> and <em>order of companie</em>. - Touching his <em>Qualitie</em>, it is requisite, that first and - aboue all other, he be a man sequestred from all kind of pride, - arrogancie or vaine conceiuing of himselfe, for that the infection - of these, are steppes vnto all maner of disorder, contempt, malice, - and presumption whatsoeuer: that he be not litigious in argument, - as one vainlie giuen to contend: that hee bee no ordinarie scoffer, - or friuolous deluder of other mens speeches, gestures, reasons, or - conditions: that he be no quareler, lewd speaker, priuy carper, - slanderer, or sinister backbiter of other mens actions, or laudable - indeuours: but contrarie hereunto, that he be in spéech gentle, in - gesture friendlie, in lookes familiar, in talke courteous, in argument - not obstinate, but giuing place to better opinions, that gladlie of - euerie one he do suppose the best, be readie to excuse infirmities, and - to salue imperfections, that in ieasting hee become not another - <em>Democritus</em>,or in carping a <em>Zoilus</em>, that his tongue, eie, - and thoughts, be indifferentlie framed to iudge trulie and impartiallie - of euerie one: that of all thinges hee abhorre priuate quarels, and - open contentions, and as the rocks of <em>Scylla</em>, doe eschue - of anie one absente sinisterlie to speake, or otherwise to enforme - against them, for that in these qualities and conditions properlie, - each one carieth a decernment of that which néerest appertaineth to a Gentleman.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now touching his <em>disposition</em>, it is exacted at his hands, - that hee bee not a man gluttonous, or that he bee not ouer much - subiect to drinking, for drunkennes ouercommeth the mind, dulleth the - memorie, enfeebleth the wits, maketh a man forgetfull of himself, - the reputation he beareth, and the company wherein he sitteth. - <em>Wine</em> saith <i>Ouid</i>, is the discouerer of secrets, - & maketh a man often commit, yᵉ which afterwardes turneth to his - great preiudice: in wine the regard of a mans selfe, and likewise all - others vanisheth, the respect of his credite also and place wherein he - serueth: a man giuen much to wine, hath no maisterie ouer himselfe, and - is not to be trusted with matters that be important: a man talkatiue - and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_123a">123</span> one giuen to wine are both likened togither in disposition, - for in the one the strength of the liquor inforceth to speake what he ought - not, and in the other the volubility of the tongue, giueth vtterance - many times to what it should not: <em>Speech</em>, saith the wise man, - is a thing naturally giuen to euery man, but he that ordreth his words - by discretion, seeth the way to wisdome.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">This vertue of ordring and kéeping the tongue, is vnto our - <em>Secretorie</em> not the least of manie other points wherewith he ought - especiallie to be charged, in him that is disposed to speake much, it - cannot but ensue that his often babbling must néedes at one time or - other, giue proofe that hee hath in himselfe as little <em>secrecie</em> - as <em>silence</em>. To preuent this inconuenience, wise men haue - obserued in nature a most notable and singular prouidence, who to the - intent that men by her verie instigation, might be commended to - <em>silence</em>, hath giuen vs two eares to heare, and an attentiue - conceyte, whereby generallie to debate and consider of all things, - and but one mouth to speake, giuing vs in testimonie thereby, that we - ought to heare much, to know much, to vnderstand much, and to speake - but a little. Besides, that the tongue whereby deliuerance is made, - she hath first closed in with our téeth, and them couered againe with - our lippes, forewarning still thereby, that nothing ought thence to - be discouered in hast, not without especiall regard and district - obseruance. For in this case also discréete <em>Nature</em>, after we - haue once receyued into our eares the sound of anie thing, she thence - preferreth it immediatelie vnto the minde, and thence to the heart to - be censured or considered vpon: and last of all vnto the tongue, to - whose lot, as last of these it befalleth to bee partaker of it, so - ought it from thence carefullie, and not without especiall cause to be deliuered.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">The <em>diuine Philosopher</em> foreséeing in man, the manifolde - discommodities oftentimes ensuing by loosenes of the tongue, where all - others were teachers to speake wel, he only taught his scholers to - vse silence, iudging therby, that the vertue of the toung consisted - not soly in speking, but how or by what occasion to vse yᵉ same, and - vnderstanding first how to restraine the thing, that of it selfe - was plyable ynough to bee vsed without measure, they might easilier - find mean afterward to speake oftentimes to good purpose, and not to - accustome themselues as they did before, to prattle<span class="pagenum" id="Page_124a">124</span> without - order or anie good or reasonable parte belonging to discretion.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">For this cause <em>Silence</em>, as the first gard of all affaires, - beeing either secrete or important, is (vnto men seriouslie occupied - or imployed in the same) directly to be commended. Which maner of - <em>Silence</em>, as it fullie instructeth in causes serious and of waight, - to speake nothing more than néedeth, so conueieth it also into the - residue of our behauiours, a modest and choice kind of gouernment, in - all actions whatsoeuer, either of question or argument, to bee with - discretion pursued.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">How much it importeth vnto our <em>Secretorie</em>, to haue notice - of the true and perfect vse hereof, who aboue al others ought rightlie - to know and discerne, how, where, when, what, and to whom hee ought - to speak, and when, and wherein, to be likewise silent: it may by the - reasons aforesaid be sufficientlie collected. For ought his speech in - troth to be so ordinarie as other mens, who for the moste part limit - themselues neither to time, place, occasion, or company, the which in - our <em>Secretorie</em> is, and ought to be farre otherwise. And as - touching the affaires, secrets or counsels committed to his charge: - It is in him principallie to aduert and consider that he is but the - closet, wherof another hath both the key, vse and commandement, that he - ought therein to be as a thicke plated doore, where through, without - extraordinarie violence no man may enter, but by the locke which is the - tongue, and that to be of such efficacie, as whereof no counterfeit key - shoulde bee able to make a breach, without the selfe same instrument - that by the director thereof is alwayes to be caried. By reason - whereof, he is of méere trust and fidelitie in him reposed, to become - warie of his wayes, and to take the course néedfull, whereby the least - occasion of breach thereof may preciselie be auoided.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Ouer and besides all this, it shall further appertaine to the - disposition of this our <em>Secretorie</em>, that in shewing himselfe - affable to all, he doe not either by reason of his birth, qualitie or - estimate that he hath of his L. or maister, goe about to abuse or wrest - the simplicitie of any one to a bad end or purpose, but rather enforce - himselfe gladlie to vnderstande the sutes of the meanest, and to giue - them aide and furtherance to his vttermost: herein shall hee not a - little aduance the honor of his L. or maister in preferring the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_125a">125</span> - iust and lawfull petitions or complaints of the poore, & in helping them to - yᵉ spéedie dispatch of that, wherwith by reason of their simplicitie, - they oftentimes are greatlie incumbred. It behooueth also so much as in - him is, that he auoid all kind of intemperancie, eyther of choler or - too much furie, that hee dispose not himselfe to vile or vnbeseeming - tearmes of basenes or surquedrie, that hee with the two extreames - of couetousnes or prodigality be not touched, that naturallie he do - incline to good, and hate the badnes of any, that he abhorre flatterie - as a Toad, and giue himselfe of anie particular action, either to be - vtterlie silent, or els to speake trulie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Lastlie now, touching the third point of these thrée, consisting in - order, <em>appertaining to companie</em>: Néedfull it is that our - <em>Secretorie</em> haue in speciall remembrance the auncient saying, that - common experience giueth to all men for approoued, which is, that - <em>Such as a man of himselfe is, such alwayes are they with whome he - conuerseth.</em></p> - - <p class="antiqua">If therefore of his owne mind and disposition a man endeuoureth - to bee good, and so to liue and be accounted of, him then beseemeth - chieflie to haue respect to the companie hee holdeth. For which - occasion, the Philosopher aduiseth, that men being good, doe choose - to haue familiaritie with men that are best, to the intent that by - the societie of them, their <em>Vertue</em> may haue encrease, and - themselues learne to become better. The corruption of young men, by - nothing so much accrueth, as by the slender respect they haue of those - with whome they do accompanie, for that it resteth assuredlie out of - doubt, that the euill example and encouragement of one vile and ill - disposed person, hurteth more a great deale oftentymes in one dayes - companie kéeping, then seuen yeares endeuour afterwards, maie release - by anie good instruction. Herein also the rather resteth vnto our - <em>Secretorie</em>, a most principall regard thereof to be had, forsomuch - as not the conuersation alone, wherein he is choiselie to be affected, - dependeth therupon, but the matter also of his ouerthrow and discredit, - for who séeth not in often apparance, that men simply conceited, and - of their owne proper instinct verie well giuen, are more discredited - and condemned many times, by occasion of the company wherinto<span class="pagenum" id="Page_126a">126</span> - they haue aduentured, then of anie apparant euill that in their owne persons - rested publiquelie to be decerned.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Hereunto accordeth the proofe of all common societie, wherein men - onely of those that know them are iudged as they be, but in generall - reckoning, are euer censured according to the goodnesse or badnesse - of those, with whom they liue familiarlie. It followeth therefore, - that <em>Who so will no euill doe, must doe nought that longs thereto</em>, - for in good men it is not alwayes inough of themselues wittinglie - not to haue committed anie euill, but hee that desireth to be good - indeed, ought not so much as to become an occasion or slander of euill. - If men would but throughlie enter into the weight of their estates, - and trulie consider with themselues what of dutie appertaineth to - verie reputation indéede, they would not then think it ynough to be - in this credite, or that place, or thus countenanced, or that waie - enriched, arming themselues onelie thereby with vainglorious titles, - but therewith would also deepelie imprint, that them likewise behooued - by certaine especiall insight had into their owne wayes, so to order - and direct themselues, as therby deseruedlie they might beare the selfe - same account whole and vnblemished, which in opinion they haue caried, - the which cannot anie wayes bee, without in all their outward and - inward actions, they doe beare an especialleie to the matter of their - owne credite. And what one thing is there in the world (to him that - by true degrées of <em>vertue</em> endeuoureth to be aduaunced) more - charie then the account and estimate had of his name and fame? What one - good more excéeding, nay what life can be more precious? Much therefore - ought the regarde hereof be in choice vnto our <em>Secretorie</em>, as - that which as an action most singular I haue iudged fit to be exposed - in this place vnto him.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Hitherto haue we endeuoured in person and behauiour to find a man - méet and conuenient to the purpose hereof, wherein my intent hath béene - not to omit anie thing which to that place and calling might anie wayes - be adiudged necessarie. Now the circumstance of these procéedings - leadeth vs next to consider of our <em>Secretories</em> abilitie.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In this consideration, it falleth out, that for asmuch as - his<span class="pagenum" id="Page_127a">127</span> <em>Office</em> and <em>place</em>, calleth him altogither, - or for the most part to the handling of deepe and weightie affaires, - wherin his capacitie shall sundrie wayes be exercised, and his wits - throughlie tryed, it behooueth he therefore be furnished with - <em>Skill</em> and <em>knowledge</em> accordinglie, whereby the better to be - adapted, vnto the ordinarie vsage and employment thereof. To this end - it befitteth that he bee well studied, especiallie in the <em>Latine</em> - tongue. It is likewise conuenient that herewithall he haue a ripe - and quicke conceit, aptlie to receiue, what on a sudden shall be to him - deliuered, and that he retaine with himselfe a sound and good memorie, - for the conseruation of those things that vnto his charge shall daylie - bee committed. He ought for his owne furniture and instruction to - bee a man not altogither vnexperienced, to be well languaged, to bee - sufficientlie read in <em>Histories</em> and <em>antiquities</em> of - times passed, to haue notice both by reading and conference, of the - situations, customs, maners & conditions of men, cities, countries, & - common weals, to haue familiaritie with strangers, and men of diuers - nations, whereby the better to bee ascertained of their humours, - behauiours, and dispositions: and wiselie to worke vnto himselfe a - peculiar insight into their estates, counsels and iurisdictions, - béeing there withall warie that this association with such kind of - people, worke not vnto himselfe, or the affaires wherewith he shall bee - credited anie matter of preiudice.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Now is it a matter often séene, and in common vse almost to - be found, that a great many of men otherwise discréete, learned, - experienced, and for their seueral callings questionlesse of very - good deliuerie, and euery way to be deemed sufficient, some also that - in the <em>Greeke</em> and <em>Latine</em> tongues are verie well - studied, and are also with the vse of forraine languages laudablie - indued, that notwithstanding haue not in themselues the facultie and - vse of well writing, nor can orderly, & vpon a sudden lay down without - much adoe, and that many times also in very preposterous maner when it - is done, what to anie extraordinarie purpose seemeth to bee thought - meete and conuenient. Some againe in whome there is lesse <em>Skill</em>, - greater <em>Ignorance</em> of learned knowledge, and farre meaner - application euerie waie, wherewith to bee enabled with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_128a">128</span> - sufficiency, haue neuerthelesse a <em>Conceipt</em> so rife, and are in <em>wit</em> - so prompt and capable of any thing laide before them, as by and - by there wanteth not (though in truth when they haue done, they - cannot learnedly answere for it) neither <em>inuention</em> nor - <em>imitation</em>, wherewith in very commendable sort to performe what them - seemeth good, on a sodaine to deliuer in writing.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">What shoulde be the cause hereof, I cannot else déeme, but onlie - a méere instinct of Nature, who seuerallie poureth her giftes in - their creation vnto euerie one, whereunto others (exempted from that - proportion) doe seldome by anie <em>Art</em> or <em>Studie</em> reach - vnto, yet is <em>Exercise</em> no doubt in those that haue any fauour - of learning, hereunto a great furtherance: But he that in this place - must bee applyed, how learned so euer he bee, must a little giue place - vnto his Schooles, and frame his penne and order of practise to pursue - that forme of writing, which plainest meaning and aptest speech, hath - in common deliuerie, the indeuour whereof howe difficult the same will - bee to one beeing rife in discourse, my selfe haue had some priuate - testimonie, notwithstanding Vse and continuall Practise I knowe, is - that which in time ouermaistreth all things.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">To the beautifying then of this part of our <em>Secretorie</em>, it - is néedfull that he be somewhat therein ayded and furthered by - <em>Nature</em>, to the intent his inuention to euery seueral occasion, may - be the more easie and proper, and that without any often blurring or - enterlining which commonlie happeneth to those, in whom long studie - seemeth so hardly to hew out their labours, as if by a manner or kinde - of inforcement, the same from a hard rock were violently to be drawne - forth and caried, which <em>Bluntnesse</em>, as I maie tearme it, - of <em>Conceite</em>, is not in this part of seruice in anie wise to be - admitted. Neither am I for all this ignorant, how manifoldlie it often - befalleth vnto diuerse the readiest wittes, that at some one time more - then at another, they haue lesse abilitie, and much harder is their - deliuerie a great deale, in matters exquisite to be performed, then - vsuallie otherwise is by ordinarie triall vnto them accustomed: the - occasions whereof may be diuers, whereby the sences are manie wayes - dulled, as by too much replexion of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_129a">129</span> meates and drinkes - excessiuelie taken, by too great studie and often musing, driuing therby into a - melancholie passion, by motions too intemperat, happening vnto the - mind: and finally, vpon sundrie other instincts and occasions, which - I cease to remember, all which being offensiue as they are, vnto the - necessarie regarde of this our <em>Secretories</em> attendance, it - standeth him greatly vpon by all possible meanes to represse them, to - the end that his wittes being as néere as by endeuour can be compassed, - alwaies in one self state and readinesse, he maie not in times - suddenlie requiring effectual and present dispatch, appeare any waies - disfurnished, of that which at his handes, is and must of necessitie in - this place bee required.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">It is not then learning alone (as you see) that is able to make - a man meet to this kind of practice and study, but naturallie to be - besides indued both with <em>wit</em>, <em>vnderstanding</em>, and <em>memory</em> - whereby to lead and conueie those necessarie euents, that in this - place are dailie to be frequented, and therewith to haue likewise care - and regard, with modest and discreet maners and behauiours to preserue - and keepe the same forces, whereby he may be the more readilie prouided - (as I said before) for all times and purposes. Neuerthelesse, how much - needful it is to that place more then ordinarilie to bee learned, yea - with the greatest abilitie and perfection (if it were possible) to bee - also euerie waie adorned, I haue alreadie sufficientlie laid downe - before hande, and still do propose the waight thereof, as a respect - amongst others to be most especiallie imbraced.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In this maner haue we by sundrie degrees endeuoured to lead along - our <em>Secretory</em> vnto his appointed <em>Place</em> and - <em>Office</em>, wherein we haue first discoursed largelie of the function - hee beareth, respectiuelie touching his seruice: next to frame - him both in <em>Person</em>, <em>Birth</em>, <em>Education</em>, <em>Qualitie</em>, <em>Disposition</em>, - <em>Conuersation</em>, and <em>Abilitie</em>, a man meete for that purpose. - It now resteth, that as the finall determination of this labour we - deliuer vnto him his office. Of this then the parte especiall and - intendment most principall, consisteth, (as by experience is found) in - the vse and exercise of the <em>Pen</em>, the <em>Wit</em> and - <em>Inuention</em> togethers. The abilitie so exactlie before<span class="pagenum" id="Page_130a">130</span> - required, and discoursed vpon, is herein nowe to be put in practise. To the - execution of this office, it is requisite the <em>Secretory</em>, be - for the perfection of his hand, in the varietie and neat deliuerie - of his letters in writing, singularlie to be commended, that he haue - with himselfe also therein a verie readie vse, quicke, and speedie - conueyance for dispatch, that warilie he giue heede to obserue the - order, methode and forme to him from his Lord or master deliuered: - forasmuch as in discharge hereof he is vtterlie to relinquish anie - affectation to his own doings, or leaning herein to anie priuate - iudgement or fantasie. His pen in this action is not his owne, but - anothers, and for this cause the matter to him committed are to depend - vpon the humor of his commander, and not vpon his own or any others - directions.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Hereof is he excéedingly to becom studious, and a zealous imitator - in all thinges, to the intent that knowing the effects of his Lord, - with what ends and purposes they are caried, & vnto what forme and - maner of writing he is speciallie addicted, he may the more easilie and - with better contentment discharge that part of his seruice, wherein by - continuall occurrents he shall haue occasion daily to be imploied.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">He is in performance of this charge, to bee a man watchfull, - diligent, carefull, industrious, not giuen to ease, to auoid all - occasions of slouth, to the end, (as I said before) by continuall - exercise of his wits, to retain his spirits apt, & his memory fresh. - For <em>Idlenes</em> of it selfe is the proper nourishment of manie - other euils, the hinderer of each good purpose, and the deformed - monster of al humaine exercises. Whilest <em>Idlenesse</em> attacheth - the bodie, it giueth scope to ill thoughts, occasioneth distemper, - maketh vnweldie to labour, breedeth wearisomnes of vertuous exercises, - entiseth to vanities, corrupteth with pleasures, and feedeth a man with - trifles. If therefore there shall bee anie time vacant of affaires - vnto our <em>Secretory</em>, (as all seasons are not alike wherein - still to be occupied) the same shall he deuise, either in pleasant - recreation to bee spent or in some other honest exercise or studie, - wherein whatsoeuer is not improper vnto a gentleman, shall be to - him in speciall choise and as an action fittest of all others to be - receiued.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_131a">131</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">His office is likewise to entertaine all maner of suters vnto his - Lord, to conceiue and vnderstand of their seuerall occasions, and how - much or how little, they or anie of them do import, to answer the - dispatch of the greatest with as much facilitie as he may, and those of - lesse moment with discretion to remooue, and put backe, to the ende the - walkes and passages of his Lorde be not with the vaine and friuolous - demeanors of fond people too often encumbred.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">He ought also to haue regard to times and places conuenient wherein - to mooue his Lord vpon anie speciall or vrgent occasion, or in which - he is to prefer vnto his presence or hearing, the person or cause of - any one. To see that the same returne not offensiue vnto his priuate - liking, that the furtherance thereof bee not in times when hee is - soly disposed to particular studies, or that he is otherwise busied - in matters of estate or counsell. To consider first of the qualitie - of euerie sute, and condition of the partie as neere as he maie be - informed, ere he take vpon him to acquaint his Lord with the parts - thereof, and accordinglie, if he see cause, in his owne person to - answere the same: for it is not seemelie he should trouble his Lord - vpon euerie light or ill beséeming suggestion. To be circumspect in the - dispatch of euerie thing to him deliuered, and in matters of weight and - charge, to be also prouident and wary, heedfully intending to the safe - disposing of whatsoeuer requisite, from the eyes or knowledge of anie - other, whereunto none so much as himselfe ought to become priuy.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">He is likewise to auoid all maner of delaies, and not to accustome - himselfe in any wise vnto negligence, for that the vse hereof in - ouerslipping of small trifles, induceth manie times, to pretermit - things of larger circumstance, and of farre greater moment. It standeth - him vpon in the exercise of his office to bee alwaies as neere and as - readie as may bee, in his ordinarie attendance, for so much as being - vpon a sudden to bee vsed, it is needfull he be alwaies at hand, - and is intended that his absence cannot therefore anie long time be - spared. In conclusion, it is meetest in all things, that so far forth - he bee addicted vnto his present seruice, as that in respect thereof - hee become vtterlie sequestred from all priuate regarde or affection - of anie thing, sounding to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_132a">132</span> his owne appetite. Finallie, being a - man fauored or entirelie reputed of in his office, hee may not for - anie friendship, corruption or gaine whatsoeuer, by anie sinister - practise, colour, or meanes, go about to abuse the countenance and - credite to him giuen, by his Lord or maister, nor couertlie thereby - suggest, or informe any thing, wherewith the good opinion of himselfe - may afterwards be hazarded, or by the graunt or assent of his Lorde - thereunto giuen, there maie iust cause acrue, whereby thereafter a - great deale lesse he may deserue to be trusted.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">In these particularities haue I at last concluded, & brought to - ende the sum of all my former trauell. The <em>Secretory</em> is - nowe accomplished & by all respectes, circumstances, and inducements - that maie bee, confirmed both in person and office: much haue I to - require of the generall perusers hereof, that I bee not anie wayes - therein mistaken, for that passing immediatelie to the publique notice - of all, there is no doubt but the verie particularities there of, - shall speedilie be therewith censured of all. My request is, that the - skilfull and best experienced, will of their owne good conditions, not - otherwise misdeeme thereof then what in equall trueth maie bee vnto - them tendered, nor that the wise and discreetlie minded will haue other - conceipt of me, then as my weake abilitie sought herein at their hands - to haue at the first deserued.</p> - - <p class="antiqua">Touching any others lesse able to speake or giue sentence in the - cause, as my will and desire is, fauourablie to be regarded of the - whole in generall, so if anie one more of selfe-liking then of - <em>Skill</em>, will either carpe at, or peremptorilie reiect the labour by - me vndertaken, let him first consider with himselfe, how much easier - it is to finde fault with a thing by another alreadie finished and - done, then for himselfe by priuate endeuour to accomplish the like: so - shall he find, that men at all times see not into all things at once: - and in proofe hereof become assured, that hee, as I shall sooner in - the performance of anie labor, make our selues obiects of euery common - opinion, then with such account to deliuer our trauels, as that we may - stand ascertained of their own deserts, that they may be pleasing to - all men.</p> - - <p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_133a">133</span></p> - - <p class="antiqua">And forasmuch as it resteth yet a thing doubtfull, how well or - euill, till the perusing this slender trifle of mine may of all sortes - be measured, I will in the meane time (as manie others before me haue - done) affie my selfe in the hope and expectation of the best Glad if - in the conueiance hereof, there may by my willing endeuour, arise anie - pleasure or profite to anie, which being the intention of me solie - desired, I passe foorth this (as the residue) of the best and aptest - fauourers thereof, to be entertained.</p> - - <div class="center xxlarge mt5"><b><span class="gesperrt2">FINIS</span>. <i>A. D.</i></b></div> - - <div class="figcenter illowp50 mt5"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_295.jpg" width="600" height="792" alt="" /> - </div> - - </div> - - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="figcenter illowp80 mt5"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_228.jpg" width="1000" height="225" alt="" /> - </div> - - <h2 id="Part_4"><span class="xlarge">A Table shewing the principal mat-</span><br /> - <i>ters contained in the first part of<br /> - this Booke</i>.</h2> - - <ul class="index"> - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles, the commodities, and vse thereof</i> <span class="fright"><i><a href="#Page_1">pag. 1</a></i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">What is chiefly to be respected in framing of an Epistle. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_2">2</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Of the habit and parts of an epistle. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_8">8</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Of certain contēts generally incident to al maner of Epistles. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Diuers orders of Greetinges, farewels and subscriptions. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Of Superscriptions and Directions. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">The Diuisions of Letters, and vnder what titles all sorts of epistles are contained. - <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles meerly Descriptory, & the parts thereof. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of a Letter Descriptorie, wherein is particularly described an ancient Citie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An other example wherein the State of a countrey is solie described. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example wherein the death of a noble man is only described <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles Laudatory and vituperatory. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of a Laudatory epistle solie touching the person. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle Vituperatorie concerning also the person. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles Deliberatiue.</i> <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle exhortatory to the attaining of vertue. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles Responsory.</i> <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Responsory to the last epistle before remēbred. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle Hortatorie to the studie of learning. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An other example Hortatorie wherein an honourable Gentleman - is egged forwardes to the profession of armes. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Swasory, wherein a Gentlewoman is counselled to mariage. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Another example of an epistle Swasorie, perswading the carefull - acceptance and regarde of one brother to another. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles Dehortatory, and disswasory.</i> <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle Dehortatorie, wherein a Noble gentleman - is dehorted from infidelitie or rebellion. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of a Disswasorie Epistle wherein one is disswaded - from fruitlesse vanities, to more learned and profitable studies. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An other example Disswasory wherin the party is by diuers reasons - disswaded from entring into an action in apparance daungerous. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles conciliatory.</i> <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_83">83</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An Epistle conciliatory, written from one of good accompt - to his inferiour. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_84">84</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Conciliatory frō one equall to another. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An Epistle Responsory, answering the first of these letters. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Responsory answering the latter Epistle. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles Reconciliatory. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Reconciliatorie, from one friend to another. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An Epistle Reconciliatory frō an inferiour person to his better. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles Petitory.</i> <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle Petitory, in a cause indifferent. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_93">93</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Petitory, in the nature of a reconciliatory from a - son to his displeased father. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_94">94</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An Epistle Petitorie, wherein is craued trauell and counsell to - be assistant vpon vrgent occasion. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_96">96</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Another of the same. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_97">97</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Responsorie to the same. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Petitorie, concluding a briefe request, and curteous - remembrance of a thing before promised. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An other example of the like effect. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles Commendatory. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_100">100</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Commendatorie, wherein is recommended to a noble - man from his inferiour, the conditions and behauiours of a person. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Responsorie to the same. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Another epistle Commendatorie of the sort before deliuered. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_103">103</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Commendatory from a noble man to his inferior, - wherein one is recommended to an office. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_104">104</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An Epistle Commendatorie, from a noble man in referment of his seruant. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Another example wherein is recommended the cause & speedie - furtherance of iustice. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_106">106</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Responsory, wherin is denied, what in the formost - directions was recōmended. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_107">107</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Another Letter Responsorie, wherin consent and allowance is - giuē to the matter required. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_108">108</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">The third Epistle Responsorie, wherein is doubfullie allowed, - what to the same was recommended. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_109">109</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A letter Commendatorie pleasantly conceited in preferring an - vnprofitable seruant. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles Consolatorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_112">112</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Consolatorie of the first sort, wherein a Gentlewoman - is comforted of the death of her sonne. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_114">114</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An Epistle Consolatorie of the same, wherein one is comforted - in case of hard extremitie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_117">117</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Consolatorie epistle of the third sort, wherein a Gentlewoman - is comforted of the death of her husbād slain in the wars. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example consolatory pleasauntly written to one who had - buried his old wife. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter responsorie to be conferred to an Epistle consolatorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles Monitorie and Reprehensorie.</i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Monitorie concerning a staied and well gouerned life. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_131">131</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An other Epistle Monitorie, touching the reformation of a couetous life. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An Epistle Reprehensorie to a father, touching the lewde and ill - demeanour of his sonne. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_136">136</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Reprehensorie, wherein a man of wealth sufficient - is reprehended, for marriage of his daughter to the riches of an old wealthie miser. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An epistle Reprehensorie, to a young Gentleman. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_141">141</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles Amatorie, <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_143">143</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle for the entreatie of the first good wil. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_145">145</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An other example to that purpose. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_146">146</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An answere to the first of these Epistles. <i>eadem</i></li> - <li class="isub1">A replie to the same answere. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_147">147</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An answere vnto the second letter. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_148">148</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>The Table of the second part of this Booke.</i></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles Iudiciall. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_1a">pag. 1</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle Accusatorie in the state coniecturall. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_4a">4</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Excusatorie returned to the effects of this Coniecturall Epistle. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_6a">6</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example Purgatorie, from the partie chalenged, in answere - of the Epistle accusatorie before </li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle accusatorie in the state Iuridiciall and Coniecturall. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_9a">9</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Defensorie, aunswering by confutation al the obiections - in this former Epistle surmised. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_14a">14</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles expostulatorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_19a">19</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle Expostulatorie, touching certain iniuries - betweene two friends. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_19a">19</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An answere Defensorie, vnto the effects of the same epistle. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_20a">20</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A replie to the saide answere Defensorie, wherein the matter - of the Epistle is more firmelie maintained. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_22a">22</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A seconde answere to the like reasons of the Replie in further - defence of the partie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_24a">24</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle Expostulatorie touching vnkindnes receiued. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_25a">25</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle Expostulatory for breach of promise. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_26a">26</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle expostulatorie from an inferiour - Gentleman, to his farre better in degree, authoritie and calling. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_27a">27</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle exprobratorie touching ingratitude receiued. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_30a">30</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An epistle exprobatorie more largelie exampled. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_31a">31</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of letters inuectiue. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_34a">34</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an Epistle inuectiue from a father to his sonne. <span class="fright"><i>eadem</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An answere purgatorie of the sonne touching the matters Inuectiue - of the former epistle. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_37a">37</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A reply of the father confuting the allegations of the sonne, and - maintayning the causes of the former Inuectiue alledged. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_42a">42</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of another epistle Inuectiue pleasantlie written against - the humors and conditions of a vainglorious person. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_45a">45</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of another epistle Inuectiue, written in cause of - great desert agaynst two seuerall parties. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_48a">48</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles Comminatorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_61a">61</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle Cōminatorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_52a">52</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Another example Comminatorie containing a greater vehemencie - in the deliuerie. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles Deprecatorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_54a">54</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle Deprecatorie, where the partie is - charged in good opinion. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_55a">55</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle Deprecatorie, in cause of wrong supposed to be committed. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_57a">57</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle Deprecatorie, pleasantlie written to answer a former letter. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_58a">58</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of Epistles familiar. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_59a">59</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Nunciatorie from a sonne to his father or friends, touching - his being in seruice. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Nunciatorie in another sort of the same matter. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An Epistle Narratorie, contayning aduertisements from one friend to another. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_60a">60</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A letter of aduertisements from a sonne to his father. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_61a">61</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter from a seruant or factor to his master. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_62a">62</a></span></li> - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles Remuneratorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_63a">63</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An example of an epistle Remuneratorie from an inferiour to - one farre his better, in reputation and calling. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Remuneratorie from a Gentlewoman of good sort, to a nobleman her kinsman. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_64a">64</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Remuneratorie from one friend to another. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_65a">65</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Remuneratorie from a better to his inferiour. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles Iocatorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_66a">66</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">An epistle Gratulatorie, from one friend to another. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Gratulatorie from a wife to her husband. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_67a">67</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A letter Gratulatorie from one to his Kinsman seruing in London. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles obiurgatorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_68a">68</a></span></i></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Obiurgatorie from a maister to his seruant. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_69a">69</a></span></li> - - <li class="ifrst"><i>Of epistles Mandatorie.</i> <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Mandatorie from a Maister to his seruant, or Factor being beyond the seas. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_70a">70</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">An other Letter Mandatorie from a maister to his seruant. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_71a">71</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A Letter Mandatorie from a man to his wife. <span class="fright"><i>ead.</i></span></li> - <li class="isub1">A letter Mandatory from one friend to another. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_72a">72</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Of Figures, Tropes and Schemes. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_77a">77</a></span></li> - <li class="isub1">Of the parts, place, and office of a Secretorie. <span class="fright"><a href="#Page_101a">101</a></span></li> - </ul> - - <div class="center xlarge mt5"><b><span class="gesperrt2">FINIS</span>.</b></div> - - <div class="transnote"> - <div class="large center blue mb2"><b>Transcriber’s Notes:</b></div> - <ul class="spaced"> - <li>Blank pages have been removed.</li> - <li>Table of contents added.</li> - <li>Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Examples: - <ul> - <li>upside down letters (n for u)</li> - <li>missing letters (theunto -> therunto)</li> - <li>reversed letters(hwoe -> howe, sel,f -> self,)</li> - </ul> - otherwise there were no spelling corrections.</li> - <li>Spacing was tight and inconsistent, many spaced or unspaced words - were a judgement call (‘beholding’ or ‘be holding’?).</li> - <li>There were many capital first letters that were italicized, I assumed these were - only due to typesetter convenience as there was no contextual reason.</li> - <li>There is frequent use of vowels with macron, per Wikipedia: “In - Old English texts a macron above a letter indicates the omission of - an m or n that would normally follow that letter.”<br /> - Example: iudgmēt = iudgment.</li> - <li>Part 2 chapters are misnumbered, there is no chapter 3.</li> - <li>Special font used: ‘Old English Text MT’</li> - </ul> - </div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ENGLISH SECRETARY; OR, METHODE OF WRITING EPISTLES AND LETTERS (1599) ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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