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diff --git a/old/65551-0.txt b/old/65551-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ce13fa9..0000000 --- a/old/65551-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,540 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Devils Postpile National Monument, -California (1984), by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Devils Postpile National Monument, California (1984) - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: June 7, 2021 [eBook #65551] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DEVILS POSTPILE NATIONAL MONUMENT, -CALIFORNIA (1984) *** - - - - - Devils Postpile - NATIONAL MONUMENT • CALIFORNIA - - -DEVILS POSTPILE NATIONAL MONUMENT - -Along the picturesque Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River at 2,300 -meters (7,600 feet) on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada lies -Devils Postpile National Monument. The 324-hectare (800-acre) monument -near the resort community of Mammoth Lakes includes one dominant -feature: a formation of columnar basalt known as Devils Postpile. -Another important feature in the area is Rainbow Falls. Pumice is the -dominant rock-type encountered, but basalt, andesite, rhyodacite, and -granite lie just under the surface and crop out in many places. Plants -and animals are typical of lodgepole pine and red fir forests. To see -the features of the monument one must walk. - - -DEVILS POSTPILE - -The formation of Devils Postpile began when basalt lava erupted in the -valley of the Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River. As lava flowed from -the vent, it filled the valley near the Postpile to a depth of 122 -meters (400 feet). Recent radiometric dating of rocks thought to -correlate with basalt of Devils Postpile suggest an age of less than -100,000 years. - -Surface cracks formed when tensions caused by the shrinkage of the -cooling lava were greater than the strength of the lava itself. Each -crack branched when obtaining a critical length and together with other -cracks formed a pattern on the surfaces of the flow. Ideal conditions -allowed surface cracks to deepen, resulting in the formation of long -columns. - - [Illustration: uncaptioned] - -Approximately 10,000 years ago, glaciers flowed down the Middle Fork of -the San Joaquin River. This moving ice easily overrode the fractured -mass of lava and quarried away one side of the Postpile, exposing a -sheer wall of columns 18 meters (60 feet) high. Many fallen columns now -lie fragmented on the talus slope below. - -A hike to the top of the Postpile reveals not only a cross section of -the posts, but the most interesting effect of the ice—polished tops of -the basalt columns. Here, the column ends are exposed like a tiled floor -and exhibit parallel striations where the glacier dragged rocks across -them. - -Even though Devils Postpile is among the world’s finest examples of -columnar-jointed basalt, it is not unique. Giant’s Causeway in Ireland -and Fingal’s Cave in Scotland are similar formations. - - -SODA SPRINGS - -Nearby mineral springs are evidence of recent local volcanic activity. -The Soda Springs lie on a gravel bar in the San Joaquin River just north -of the Postpile. Here, gases driven upward from hot areas deep in the -earth combine with ground water to produce cold and highly carbonated -mineralized springs. The iron present in Soda Springs water oxidizes on -exposure to the atmosphere and stains river gravel a reddish brown. - - [Illustration: uncaptioned] - - -SAFETY - -For your safety, remember that there are hazards in the mountains that -usually do not exist in the city. Stay on designated trails; these are -the safest places to hike. Use caution when viewing features from near -cliff or gorge edges. Footing can be hazardous. WARNING: Bears inhabit -the monument. Proper food storage is required by Federal law. - - [Illustration: uncaptioned] - - MONUMENT BOUNDARY - CAMPGROUND - TO U.S. 396 & MAMMOTH LAKES - RANGER STATION (_El. 7,560 ft._) - SOTCHER LAKE - _Soda Springs_ - DEVILS POSTPILE - _King Creek Trail_ - _San Joaquin River_ - REDS MEADOW - THE BUTTRESSES - _Middle Fork_ - _John Muir Trail_ - _Boundary Creek_ - RAINBOW FALLS (101 feet) - LOWER FALLS - - [Illustration: uncaptioned] - - -RAINBOW FALLS - -At Rainbow Falls the Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River drops 31 -meters (101 feet) over an andesite and rhyodacite cliff. It is thought -that after the last glacier melted, the river flowed downstream from -Devils Postpile in channels about 457 meters (1,500 feet) west of its -present course. Flowing in these older channels, it cut through the -rhyodacite lava down to granite, leaving a cliff of rhyodacite for its -eastern bank. Then, some distance upstream, the waters were diverted -eastward. The river left its bed to follow its present path until it -returned to the old channel, by cascading down the cliff it had earlier -cut. Thus Rainbow Falls was formed. A stairway and short trail lead to -the bottom of the falls, where numerous flowers and grasses form an -enchanting garden. Cars may be driven to within 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) -of the falls via the road to Reds Meadow. - - -ABOUT YOUR VISIT - -The monument is reached by a 16-kilometer (10-mile) drive west from U.S. -395 on S.R. 203 to Minaret Summit, then by 11.2 kilometers (7 miles) of -paved narrow mountain road. The monument is administered by the National -Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. For more information -write: Superintendent, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Three -Rivers, CA 93271. Park rangers are on duty to assist you, to conduct -interpretive activities, and to enforce the regulations. _Closed in -winter._ - -_Accommodations and services._ Meals, lodging, groceries, gasoline, -horses, and other facilities and services are available at Mammoth Lakes -or nearby Reds Meadow. - -_Camping._ A campground is maintained near the ranger station from about -July 1 to October 15, depending on the weather. - -_Hiking._ Trips may be made north or south on the John Muir Trail and -west on the King Creek Trail. The monument also has several short -trails. - -_Fishing and hunting._ Fishing is permitted in the monument, but hunting -is prohibited. A California angling license with appropriate stamps is -required for persons 16 years of age or over. - -_Pets._ Pets are permitted in the monument only if they are kept under -direct physical control at all times. - - - National Park Service - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - - GPO 1984—421-613/317 Reprint 1984 - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DEVILS POSTPILE NATIONAL MONUMENT, -CALIFORNIA (1984) *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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