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diff --git a/old/65679-0.txt b/old/65679-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index d4bf9f3..0000000 --- a/old/65679-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2151 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, -Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 21, Vol. I, May 24, 1884, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, - Fifth Series, No. 21, Vol. I, May 24, 1884 - -Author: Various - -Editor: Various - -Release Date: June 23, 2021 [eBook #65679] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Susan Skinner, Eric Hutton and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 21, VOL. I, MAY 24, -1884 *** - - - - -[Illustration: - -CHAMBERS’S JOURNAL - -OF - -POPULAR - -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART - -Fifth Series - -ESTABLISHED BY WILLIAM AND ROBERT CHAMBERS, 1832 - -CONDUCTED BY R. CHAMBERS (SECUNDUS) - -NO. 21.—VOL. I. SATURDAY, MAY 24, 1884. PRICE 1½_d._] - - - - -FROM JAFFA TO JERUSALEM. - - -Coasting along the arid Syrian shore, there is little to attract the -attention of the traveller from Port Said to Jaffa, till the last-named -town is in sight. If, however, there is a haze upon the water and the -wind is from the shore, a powerful perfume of orange-flowers borne -across the sea is the first intimation that one is nearing Jaffa, -perhaps the most ancient town—certainly one of the most ancient -towns—in the world. Presuming that no wind has sprung up since you left -the Egyptian port—in which case you will be carried on to Beyrout, as -the steamers only touch at Jaffa in calm weather, owing to the danger -and almost impossibility of landing passengers or goods—presuming, -however, that all is well, you reach Jaffa most probably in the early -morning; and having anchored outside a reef of rocks which incloses a -natural harbour permitting the entrance only of small boats, you look -upon a scene as picturesque and peculiarly eastern in its character as -you could wish. Rising abruptly from the sea, the whitened, flat-roofed -houses intermingle with the domes of the mosques and the convent -towers; while the surmounting citadel, the surrounding wall, and -massive gates, give the distinctive character that one had observed in -Tangier, or Algiers, or Cairo. - -Along the quay is collected a throng of people, containing -representatives of half the ports in the Levant or the East. Huge -brown-sailed boats are moored in the smooth water within; while -outside, the water washes over the encircling rocks—the fabled rocks of -Andromeda’s captivity. Palms and plantain trees are scattered here and -there, with the glimpse of orchards beyond; and stately camels, with -their stalwart Bedouin guides, carrying bales of merchandise or corn, -now and again move across the line of vision on the shore. And now the -boats are putting out to the steamer, and the swarthy boatmen ply their -oars with vigour; and boats filled with oranges and lemons and gigantic -melons, and bright-hued fishes, swarm around us. Not least, to add -to the general effect, and certainly chiefest for one’s individual -comfort, are the men of Cook and Howard the agents, clad respectively -in blue and red, who in well-manned boats are at the service of the -traveller. Here, be it remarked, that whatever prejudice may exist -amongst ordinary British travellers against ‘Cooking it’ on the -continent, in the East the services of these agents are invaluable; and -the travelling public owes much to them for having brought dragomans, -guides, hotel-keepers, and stable-keepers to some decency in the matter -of their charges. Placing ourselves in the hands of one of them, we are -landed at the quay, and pass along the narrow crowded street that leads -to the market-place at the top of the town. - -The first thing that struck one was the remarkable beauty of the -inhabitants, men and women alike. Jews, Turks, Syrians, and Arabs were -all in marked contrast to the ugly squat Egyptians amongst whom we -had recently sojourned; and the Bedouins are a much finer race than -those of either the Egyptian or Sinaitic Desert, whose acquaintance -we had just made. As may be assumed, there is a marked Jewish cast of -countenance—as we call it at home—amongst all classes, even to the -Bedouins. The camels, too, are larger and finer looking. It is to be -feared, however, that it is only in physical qualities that the Syrians -can show a superiority to the Egyptians; morally, they appear to be -very much on a par. - -We pass along the winding antiquated street, through ancient arches, -up occasional broad steps, past shops of all kinds—holes in the wall, -where Jews and Greeks, squatted on their hams, are ready to sell you -anything from an estate to a pair of slippers—jostled by camels and -mules and donkeys carrying grain and merchandise of various kinds, and -accompanied by the handsome picturesque Bedouins of the Syrian Desert, -through bazaars with fruit-sellers, water-carriers, and hawkers of all -kinds plying their various trades, until we reach the market-place, -where there seems to be more spirit and business-like animation -than one usually sees in the East. The house of Simon the tanner is -pointed out to us, and we receive the information with the necessary -reserve. But there are unmistakable tanneries in its neighbourhood, -if that evidence goes for anything. Arrived at the hotel, we first -ordered a couple of horses to be got ready as soon as possible; and -having viewed the sorry-looking hacks, took a hurried breakfast, -as we were anxious to be on the road. Good horses and saddles are -usually to be obtained in Syria without any difficulty, but we had -unfortunately hit upon the very time when they were least plentiful, -namely, the Thursday following Easter Sunday. Breakfast was not a very -long affair, consisting of the inevitable cutlet and eggs, anchovies, -sliced sausages, olives, figs, and oranges—to which some months in the -East had made us familiar. A most dirty and exasperating waiter, who -seemed to take more than the average delight of his Syrian countrymen -in telling lies, boldly asked for ‘backsheesh,’ informing us that his -former statement as to being the proprietor was untrue; and when he saw -us loading our revolvers, asked what we were ‘going to shoot his people -for; that was not good!’ However, he did us the honour to guide us -personally to a point where the road led to Jerusalem; and away we went -on our journey. - -The road was very dusty, but the air was full of the perfume of -flowers; and it was delicious to ride past the orange groves and -gardens and orchards that extended for nearly a mile out of the -busy, jostling, evil-smelling town. After passing the orchards and -gardens, the road becomes rather tame and barren, and though well -enough for riding, must be terribly disagreeable for those who -undertake the journey by carriage. We met many pilgrims returning from -Jerusalem—there had been ten thousand of them there in Holy Week. -They came trooping past, on camels, mules, donkeys, and horses, in -carts and carriages, and many on foot. They were chiefly Russians, but -many were Levantines. Many carried the precious relics that had been -made sacred to them by being laid upon the Holy Sepulchre, or perhaps -thrust into the so-called ‘Holy Fire.’ Sometimes a crowd would appear -in the distance, and the long cylindrical tins containing sanctified -candles—some of them five or six feet long—would shine like lances in -the sun. ‘Family’ camels with a sort of howdah, or a canopy with beds -on either side or ‘atop,’ would hold some three or four children and -their mother. Others would be squatted on the top of their baggage. -All their faces had a pleased and satisfied look, as of having -accomplished a desirable work. At intervals of a mile or so, we passed -the guardhouses of the police, placed for the protection of the road -to Jerusalem; and after about three hours and a half, reached Ramleh, -the first halting-place on the road, and remarkable for its broad and -clean streets, and its well-to-do, sleepy appearance. Indeed, but for -the hideously diseased and distorted mendicants, one might have thought -one’s self in some rather odd-looking English or French or German -village; which feeling would not be dispelled by the homely appearance -of the primitive little German hotel, where we were supplied with cold -meat and salad, and the most delicious beer we had tasted since leaving -England—_Marzenburg Export Bier_, it was called. After a short halt, we -remounted, having only paid a hurried visit to the tower of Ramleh—a -landmark for some distance over this flat country, and whence one -obtains an extensive view. The road now improves somewhat, though there -is little of interest or beauty to be seen. An hour’s ride brought us -to the village of Kubâb, where we obtained some oranges and a drink of -water, the heat being very great. - -Leaving Kubâb, we shortly after entered the valley of Ajalon, where we -enjoyed a pleasant gallop over the rich soft earth skirting the fields, -which in a few weeks would be covered with verdure. The roadway itself -was in course of being mended, and one pitied the unhappy occupants of -the vehicles forced to traverse the highway. Here we were passed by -hundreds of pilgrims, with whom we exchanged the usual ‘Liltak said,’ -or ‘Naharak rubârah,’ of friendly greeting; and shortly after ascending -an incline at the end of the valley, reached Latroon, the supposed -birthplace of the Penitent Thief. By the roadside was a rough kind -of restaurant, at which many pilgrims were regaling themselves with -coffee, cakes, fruit, and their hubble-bubbles. But turning off the -main road, we alighted at the _Latroon Hotel_, where everything was of -a rather primitive character, but managed by a civil and intelligent -young Greek. We were made very comfortable. The freshness in the air -here was delightful, after our dusty and hot ride; and as it was now -about four o’clock, and there was still a good six hours to Jerusalem, -we determined upon staying at Latroon for the night. The interesting -historical associations of the surrounding country—the passing of the -pilgrims—the tinkling of bells—the finely placed ruin of the ‘Castle of -the Good Thief’—the rustic character of the people about, who forgot -even to ask for backsheesh—the fertile fields—here a group of Bedouins -with their camels brought to knee—there a batch of pilgrims settling -down for the night—while shepherds hurry home their flocks, and horses -and mules and asses are being tethered for the night—all served to -bring before one a charming and interesting picture, that was well -worth the delay. - -After a very refreshing night’s rest in a clean and comfortable room, -we started betimes next morning. Half an hour from Latroon brought -us to the mouth of Wady Ali, a lovely glen, through which one enters -amongst the Judæan hills. The glen, with large rocks and boulders on -either side, but rich in wild-flowers of all kinds, and prominent -amongst them our own national thistle, did indeed at times remind us -of spots we had known in the west of Scotland. After winding through -a delightfully picturesque valley, well wooded, and rich in olive -groves, we began to make the ascent of the Judæan hills, winding round -and about by steep zigzag paths, occasionally obtaining fine views of -the surrounding country, and on reaching the summit, had a splendid -panorama of the coast of Syria with the Mediterranean beyond, and away -to the south the bare Desert of Tih, running up to the well-cultivated -country of Palestine. We had last seen this Tih Desert from the -mountains of Sinai, away to the south-east. - -The country about the summit of the Judæan hills is wild and bare -and rocky; and as we begin again to descend gradually by zigzag and -abrupt ups and downs, the road is often steep, and always difficult, -and gives one an opportunity of testing and admiring the sureness of -foot of the Arab horse. Poor as were the specimens we bestrode—and -neither of the riders was a light weight—they picked their way amongst -loose stones or glistening rocks, and down the steep inclines, with a -perfectly marvellous facility, and galloped over the rough rock-strewn -roads as if their legs were made of cast-iron. It is rare to find an -Arab that will trot properly. The usual pace is a quick walk, or an -amble, a most serviceable pace, which they seem capable of keeping up -indefinitely, and which is as little distressing to the horse as to his -rider. The shoe, which consists of a flat piece of metal with a hole -in the middle, certainly does not seem to the stranger exactly adapted -to their work; and a horse is sometimes lamed by a small stone getting -into the hole; but acute judges say that this mode of shoeing—common -all over the East—has advantages where the roads are hard, hot, and dry. - -Presently we come upon the village of Kirjath-Jearim (the ‘Village of -the Grapes’), and passing the possible Emmaus, descend to Kolonieh, -close by a river-bed, which we cross by a bridge, to make the last -ascent of the journey. On reaching the top of this ascent, Jerusalem -appears suddenly close to us with a suburb of modern buildings: -hospitals, almshouses, and villas—spick-and-span with iron railings, -porters’ lodges, and clocks—European time, and Roman numerals on -the face! which make us rub our eyes for the moment. Passing these, -however, we come immediately to the walls of the Holy City; and turning -sharply off to the left, past the new German hotel (Fiel), the only one -outside the walls, we enter the Damascus Gate, and our journey is at an -end. - -It does not come within the scope of the present article to give a -description, which has been done a thousand times before, of anything -beyond the mere journey from Jaffa to Jerusalem. But in a few -words it must be said that the impression is one of disappointment -at Jerusalem. The streets are dirty and ill-paved, and scarcely -any properly authenticated spot can actually be pointed out. Each -sanctimonious-looking dragoman has a sniffle, and ‘lies like a wily -Hindu.’ From the Greek or Armenian priest who humbugs the miserable -pilgrims with his ‘Holy Fire,’ to the hawker of cards of sham flowers -from Zion or Bethlehem, sham shells from the Jordan, or sham wood from -Olivet, there is nothing but falsehood and extortion. About the only -redeeming feature amidst the mass of corruption, dirt, and hypocrisy, -is the well-kept and trim little English church, with its decent -congregation; while certainly the only well-ordered quarter of the city -is the Moslem quarter. - - - - -BY MEAD AND STREAM. - - -CHAPTER XXIX.—SUSPICION. - -And those interlacing shadows of the bare branches across the footpath -through the forest which had been like delicate fairy fretwork when -Philip passed along, broadened and deepened into black masses before -the father as he followed. He had no purpose in following, beyond a -vague craving to know what Madge would say when she learned that he had -disinherited this favourite of the family, and a fancy that it would be -pleasant to walk back with him, when he might explain more fully than -he had done the motives by which he had been actuated. - -He, too, knew this pathway well; but, although he walked on, he had not -yet decided to go all the way. When he entered the glade in which the -King’s Oak reigned, he halted. This was a place for elfin revels, and -fairy-rings were common in it. Every child brought here to play felt -sure that this was the very spot where little Red Riding Hood met the -wolf, and that her grandmother’s cottage stood over there, where some -funny people tried to make them believe was once a Roman camp. Romans -indeed! as if they were going to give up the delightful association -of Red Riding Hood with the place for a lot of dull people they were -forced to read about in school-books! And, of course, it was here also -that the other Hood called Robin assembled with his merry men, and -Little John and Friar Tuck. It was no use attempting to correct their -geography by informing them that Sherwood Forest was a long way from -here: the child’s imagination insists upon associating its heroes with -known places. - -Mr Hadleigh was reminded of the happy group of children he had found -here in the sunshine not long ago, and as their bright faces rose -before him in the soft twilight, he seemed to grow strong again. -Pleasant memories are as helpful to us as pleasant anticipations. - -When he resumed his way, he walked more firmly than he had done since -Philip left him. He had now decided to go on and wait for him near the -stile; and he unconsciously quickened his pace, although aware that he -would have plenty of time to spare. On reaching the roadway, however, -he proceeded leisurely, listening to the river, but hearing no melody -in it. - -As he approached the stile, he saw the figures of a man and woman -slowly cross the road. They shook hands, and he heard the man say: - -‘I have your promise, and I shall hold you to it. Be faithful, and I -shall be able to think of the past without pain.’ - -There was a reply, but in a tone so low that it did not reach his ears. -He recognised in the man the stranger who had recently taken up his -quarters in the village, although he had only seen him once and, then, -at a distance. The woman was Madge. - -They parted. She hurried up the meadow; and after a brief pause, Mr -Beecham turned in the direction of the village. - -Mr Hadleigh had involuntarily halted, feeling that he was the -accidental spectator of an incident for which the actors had not -desired an audience. Beecham’s words and the girl’s manner satisfied -him of that. He became immediately aware, however, that standing still -would naturally suggest that he was playing the part of a spy. And he -could not escape observation, for the man was coming straight towards -him. He, therefore, resumed his leisurely pace. - -As was frequently his habit, Mr Beecham walked with head slightly bent, -his eyes seeming to read strange writings on the ground. At the sound -of approaching footsteps, he looked up. There was a momentary and -unaccountable change in his expression—as if he had suddenly passed -under the shadow of a tree, and coming into the full light again it was -placid and gentle as usual. - -‘Good-evening,’ said Mr Hadleigh hastily, remembering the country -custom he had adopted of saluting any one he encountered on the road. - -‘Good-evening,’ echoed Beecham, with a slight inclination of the head. - -They passed, moving quietly on their opposite ways. Neither looked -back, for each was conscious that the other intended or wished to do -so, and did not care to be caught in the act. - -That is one of the droll sensations often experienced in the common -course of daily life. We meet a friend, part, and without any reason, -have a desire to look after him, but restrain ourselves, lest he, being -similarly disposed, should ‘catch us at it.’ We laugh at ourselves, -and forget the absurd impulse. But what informs the look, the breath, -the tone which makes us like or dislike a man or a woman without -any apparent justification? The mystery is one which the poets and -philosophers of all ages seem to be continually touching, but never -grasping. Some call it instinct, others animal magnetism. All we know -is that we feel and cannot tell why; but there are few who have not had -occasion to regret that they have not allowed themselves to be guided -by this inexplicable influence. - -Mr Hadleigh, merely passing this stranger in the deepening twilight, -knew that he was a foe. - -Whether or not surprise at the words he had overheard, and wonder at -their being addressed to Miss Heathcote, had anything to do with the -sensation, he could not tell; but he felt as keen a chill as if he had -passed an iceberg—mentally and physically the sensation was exactly the -same. Yet he had heard nothing but praise of this quiet, kindly-looking -gentleman. There was a degree of chagrin, certainly, in the thought -that in a few weeks Mr Beecham—a casual visitor, as he might still -be called—had obtained more influence amongst the villagers than the -master of Ringsford had won by years of endeavour to help and guide -them. - -Of course, Mr Hadleigh attributed this success to the fact that the -stranger was indiscriminate in his charity. He gave help wherever it -was wanted, without taking the trouble to inquire into each case, or -to advise the recipients of his bounty as to the future conduct which -would insure their independence. He gave them their own way, in short, -saying nothing about the carelessness which created their necessities. -To a man who has the means, this is the easiest and shortest road to -popularity. But this could never result in permanent benefit to the -poor. - -Now, Mr Hadleigh had really tried to do permanent good: and, compared -to this newcomer, he was still a stranger amongst the people. All -allowance being made for the difference of temperament and the -difference of method, it was difficult to understand why Mr Beecham -should so quickly win what Mr Hadleigh had long striven for with so -little result—the affection of those around him. - -He turned his eyes inward: was not this part—a great part—of the -penalty he had to pay for making worldly success his first thought and -Love the second? Was it too late to win one heart? He had gained the -admiration, the esteem, the envy of many: was it too late to win one -heart? How common folk would laugh at this rich, prosperous man, if -they knew that life was a misery to him because he had cast away its -crown—if they knew how gladly he would change places with his poorest -labourer, if by so doing he might secure the affection for which he -craved. - -If Philip’s mother had been with him, he would have lavished upon her -all that wealth could buy!... There he stopped, in bitterness, for -he came to the end of his world again: wealth could not buy love. -Obsequious submission, a show of respect, obedience to his orders, he -could hire: but that was all. This man Beecham, without apparent effort -or sacrifice, obtained at once the ‘Something’ that was beyond price. - -To his relief came curiosity and suspicion of—he did not know what. But -why should this man receive any promise from Miss Heathcote? Why should -it have to do with his past? Why should she, who was to be Philip’s -wife, be there, speaking to a stranger, when her lover was waiting for -her? - -He halted, and after a moment’s hesitation, turned in the direction of -the village. He was not to wait for his son. - -At first he walked slowly, as if he might still change his mind; but -as his thoughts quickened, so did his steps, and the church tower was -looming darkly against the slate-like sky when he stopped at the gate -of Mr Wrentham’s cottage. - -A pretty little squat building of one story, lying well back from the -road; a patch of green surrounded by bushy evergreens, and the front -wall covered with trellis-work, at present supporting a spider’s web of -branches, which in season blossomed into red and white roses, making -the cottage look like a bower rather than a homestead. - -At the gate, Mr Hadleigh again hesitated, as if doubtful whether or not -to carry out the intention which had brought him to the place. Since -the evening of Philip’s accident, he had spoken very little in private -to Wrentham. Natural enough as the accident had appeared, he was -afflicted by an uneasy feeling that Wrentham had something to do with -bringing it about, and that to his own visit to Golden Alley the first -blame was due. - -With some impatience at his weakness, he rang the bell and advanced to -the door. The servant was new to the place, and required to ask the -visitor’s name; whereupon a door was flung open, and Wrentham came out -with effusive cordiality. - -‘My dear Mr Hadleigh, this is a grand surprise. I won’t stop to ask -you what has made you think of dropping in upon me; but I must say -thank you for a new pleasure. Come in, come in; there is nobody here -but myself. I have only arrived within the last five minutes, and Mrs -Wrentham is putting our girl to sleep. You have passed over these -stages of domestic inconvenience; but you can excuse us for not being -always in reception order. We let our visitors take us as they find us, -and those who don’t like it need not come again. Simple and sensible -rule, is it not? But we should have liked _you_ to find us a little -more in apple-pie order, especially as it is your first visit.’ - -This was spoken with Wrentham’s usual gay rapidity, allowing his -unexpected guest no opportunity to protest, as he ushered him into a -tidy little drawing-room which was apparently very much in ‘reception -order.’ Chairs, tables, nick-nacks were almost too primly arranged to -accord with the free-and-easy ways which the owner professed. He was, -however, so seldom in the room that he was ignorant of its condition. -The dining-room, on the other side of the passage, was his ‘snuggery,’ -and there he spent his evenings when at home, which was seldom until -late at night; and frequently he was absent for days on business. - -But he was an affectionate husband and father. He was particular about -having his wife and daughter always dressed in the newest and finest -fabrics, and regularly took them out for a treat on Saturday or Sunday. -Mrs Wrentham was a delicate, nervous lady, apparently content with -her lot, and glad to escape from the toil of visiting and receiving -visitors. Her whole existence was filled by her child Ada, a bright -creature of eight years, nicknamed by her father ‘Pussie,’ on account -of her passionate attachment to cats. - -‘Will you take a chair?’ Wrentham went on. ‘You are such a fellow for -taking one by surprise—always a pleasant surprise; but you give one no -chance of doing anything to show how it is appreciated. You dropped -down upon me in Golden Alley, just as you have dropped down upon me -here, without the least warning.’ - -Mr Hadleigh listened patiently, his cold, dreaming eyes staring -vacantly at him, but closely noting every change on his face. - -‘I hope I do not disturb you?’ he said quietly, taking the proffered -chair. - -‘My dear sir!—as if I should not be delighted to see you under any -circumstances—at any time—in any place!’ - -‘You are very kind. I come to you for the same reason that I visited -your office—I want some information which I think you may be able to -give me.’ - -‘About your son? I am afraid there is not much I can say in regard to -him that will be satisfactory to a man of business like yourself.’ - -Wrentham shook his head and shrugged his shoulders, as if the subject -were one he would rather not discuss. - -‘It is not about my son that I desire to speak to you this time.’ - -There was a peculiar emphasis on the last two words, suggestive that -the result of the former conversation had not been satisfactory. -Wrentham was, or very cleverly affected to be, unconscious of the -suggestion. - -‘I am glad of that—real glad, as Americans say. And yet I have more -than once had a notion of going to you and asking you to try to bring -the young man to reason. I am supposed to be his manager and adviser. -My management consists in doing the work of a message-boy—that is, -strictly carrying out his instructions: my advice is nowhere.’ - -‘I have no desire to interfere with him in his present course.’ - -‘So I supposed, and that is what has kept me from going to you. I had -no idea, until after accepting this agreement with him, that he was -such an obstinate beggar—you know that I am speaking of him as my -friend. He has got this mania—I have told him that I consider it a -mania—and he sticks to it. Unfortunately, his uncle approves of it; but -you know that this is not business—he will never get anything out of -it.’ - -‘Not in your sense, Mr Wrentham; but there are some profits which -cannot be reckoned by the figures in our ledgers—and some losses too.’ - -‘Undoubtedly, sir, undoubtedly; at the same time, you cannot blame me -for taking the commonplace view of things, and regretting that a young -man with such a splendid opportunity should deliberately chuck it into -the gutter. Why, with his capital, I can see a magnificent future, if -he would only consent to follow the dictates of common-sense.’ - -‘You mean those dictates which lead to the making of money. His notion -is to make people happy. Well, as you are aware, I have had some -experience in obeying common-sense, as you understand it; and I am -curious to see the result of Philip’s experiment. I have no desire and -no right to interfere with him.’ - -‘The result will be ruin—absolute ruin. In less than twelve months -he will not have a penny of the whole capital now at his disposal. -However, as you say, we have nothing to do with it. At the same time, I -trust you will, for my sake, remember by-and-by that I have entered my -protest against the course he is pursuing.’ - -‘I shall remember,’ said Mr Hadleigh, inclining his head gravely. ‘What -I called to ask you was, do you know anything about Mr Beecham, who -seems to have taken permanent quarters at the _King’s Head_?’ - -‘Beecham!’ exclaimed Wrentham gleefully, as if intensely relieved by an -agreeable change of subject. ‘I should think so. I believe that it was -my privilege to be the first amongst his acquaintances in Kingshope. I -don’t think he would object to my saying that he is a friend of mine. -A capital fellow—simple as a child, and yet wise as a philosopher ever -can be.’ - -‘That sounds like a sneer at philosophers.’ - -‘I did not mean it; but there is a difference between the man who is a -philosopher and the man who is up to the time of day. Now, this Beecham -has travelled a great deal, read a great deal, and knows a great deal; -but he doesn’t know a game at cards. I had to show him how to play Nap!’ - -Mr Hadleigh was not interested by this record of the simplicity of the -stranger; he was occupied by some other reflection, which caused his -brows to contract and his eyelids to droop. - -‘Has he told you what part of the world he comes from?’ - -Wrentham laughed. - -‘Why, he comes from everywhere—America, Australia, and likely enough -the North Pole, although he has not particularly referred to it.’ - -Mr Hadleigh rose. - -‘Will you find out for me, if you can, where he came from last?’ - -Wrentham became suddenly serious. - -‘You don’t suppose there is anything wrong about him? He acts and talks -straightforwardly enough.’ - -‘I am asking you, Mr Wrentham, for information,’ answered Mr Hadleigh -with a mechanical smile. ‘If you have won money from him in betting or -playing Nap, I have no doubt you will be paid. My inquiry is suggested -by the fact, that he has reminded me of an old—acquaintance’ (he seemed -to falter over the word, as if he had wished to say friend, but could -not). ‘Should he be the man, I want to have a little conversation with -him.’ - -‘Meaning no harm to him?’ queried Wrentham, suspiciously. - -‘On the contrary—good to him and to myself.’ - -‘Then I shall go along and see him this evening. He’ll tell me at once.’ - -‘I would prefer that my name was not mentioned.’ - -‘Oh ... that may make a difference. However, I have no doubt of being -able to give you the information you want by to-morrow.’ - -Mr Hadleigh went away, turning his steps homeward. Through the forest -again. Those withered branches were like the milestones of his life, -and the pathway of withered leaves was a fitting one for him. You who -love nature know that those leaves which the careless call dead are the -nurses of the coming spring blossoms; and to him they brought back old -thoughts, old faces. How beautiful they are: beautiful, because our -tenderest thoughts have their roots in graves. - - - - -SOME CURIOSITIES OF THE PEERAGE. - -IN TWO PARTS.—PART II. - - -The most recent instance of reviving an extinct title is the assumption -by Sir Henry Brand, late Speaker of the House of Commons, of the -Viscounty of Hampden. It is usual for the Speaker, on retiring from -office, to be created a Viscount, and there are circumstances of -interest surrounding the elevation of Sir Henry Brand to this dignity. -In the first place, he is heir-presumptive to the barony of Dacre, -now held by his brother, the twenty-second lord, who was born in -1808. Should, therefore, Lord Hampden survive Lord Dacre, the ancient -barony will merge in the recent viscounty and be lost sight of. But -why should Sir Henry Brand have chosen the title of Hampden? The fact -is this title is young compared with the _name_ borne by ‘the great -Buckinghamshire Esquire,’ as Macaulay calls the illustrious patriot. It -was created in 1776, when Robert Trevor, fourth baron of that title, -assumed the name of Hampden, and was created Viscount Hampden of Great -and Little Hampden, in the county of Bucks, where the Hampdens had been -the untitled lords long before the Conquest. Three Trevor-Hampdens bore -this title, which became extinct in 1824. Now, between the Trevors -and the Lords Dacre there is a connection, which we will endeavour -to shortly exhibit. The original family name of the Lords Dacre was -Dacre; but an unusual variety of other surnames have been at different -times assumed by them. In 1715, the fifteenth lord died without male -issue; and his daughter Anne became Baroness Dacre, sixteenth holder of -the title, who was three times married, and had male issue by each of -her husbands. One of them, Thomas Barrett Lennard, became seventeenth -Lord Dacre. A son, Charles, by her second marriage, became the husband -of Gertrude, daughter and co-heir of John Trevor, Esq., of Glynde in -Sussex. The children of Charles and Gertrude were a son and a daughter; -of whom the former became eighteenth Lord Dacre, and the latter -another Baroness Dacre (nineteenth), who married, in 1771, Thomas -Brand, Esq., of the Hoo, Welwyn, Herts; and thus we bring together the -Trevors and the Brands. The twentieth Lord Dacre died without issue, -and was succeeded by his brother, the twenty-first lord, who assumed -the name and arms of Trevor, in compliance with a direction in the -will of the last Viscount Hampden. Accordingly, while the surname of -the present Lord Dacre is Trevor, that of his brother, Lord Hampden, -is merely Brand. It is understood that some members of the family of -the Earl of Buckinghamshire, whose patronymic is Hobart Hampden—they -being descended in the female line from the patriot, who left no male -issue—endeavoured to dissuade Sir Henry Brand from taking the title -which he chose. But surely, considering the circumstances mentioned -above, he was justified in his selection; and all will feel that the -title of Hampden could not be borne by one more worthy to be associated -with this great name than the late Speaker. - -The foregoing transcripts from titular and family history have been -somewhat detailed, inasmuch as their features are representative of -many other peerages, and also elucidate various matters connected with -the peerage not patent to all persons. They show _inter alia_ how -titles may not only be extinguished, but may be shifted about from -family to family when the limitations of those titles are in fee. They -show, also, why it is that a peer who is generally known by one title -may yet sit and vote in the House of Lords or Peers by some other; the -short explanation being, that he is not a peer of the United Kingdom, -or, in other words, a peer of the entire realm, so far as his first -title is concerned. In our previous paper ‘What is a Peer?’ this -feature of the peerage was alluded to; and we may now add that there -is only one peer, who, not being a peer of the realm in regard to his -chief title, yet sits and votes in the House of Lords by a title as -exalted as the other. This is the Duke of Hamilton, who, though premier -Duke of Scotland, yet, as such has no hereditary seat in parliament,[1] -while as Duke of Brandon he has; and he would be so described in the -Lords’ division lists. Then, again, the Marquis of Huntly, though -premier Marquis of Scotland, is yet only Lord Meldrum when sitting in -the House of Lords. The Marquis of Sligo is only such in the peerage -of Ireland, but sits in parliament as Lord Monteagle; and there is -also a Lord Monteagle who is a peer of the realm by that title only. -The eighteenth Earl of Erroll is singularly situated. When sitting in -parliament he is Lord Kilmarnock, and this is the courtesy title borne -by his eldest son, so that there are two Lords Kilmarnock! - -The distinctions just referred to between peers of the United Kingdom -and those who are not have given rise to some singular features in the -peerage which are, at first sight, of an anomalous character. Thus, -while the son of a tradesman who becomes a peer of the United Kingdom -to-day may die to-morrow, and his son may take his seat in the House of -Lords as an hereditary legislator; on the other hand, the thirty-fourth -Scotch Earl of Mar—merely as such—and the thirty-first Irish Lord -Kingsale have no hereditary right to a seat in the legislature, -although the latter is premier Baron of Ireland. It is of course -competent to the Crown—the fountain of honour—to promote these and -other noblemen similarly situated to the peerage of the United Kingdom; -but until this is done, they take rank below the last created baron of -the realm. At one time it appears to have been usual to honour a man -by first making him an Irish peer, and then to promote him gradually, -as in the case of Rawdon, Earl of Moira, and conspicuously so in that -of the Fitzwilliam peerage and others. But then we must remember that -it was not before January 1, 1801, that the expression ‘United Kingdom -of Great Britain and Ireland’ was known; nor before 1707 that the term -‘Great Britain’ was, or could in law have been applied to England and -Scotland as a whole.[2] The one was created by the statute 39 and 40 -Geo. III. c. 67 (July 2, 1800), the other by 5 and 6 Anne c. 8 (May -1, 1707). To these statutes we refer the reader desirous of more -information on this subject. He may also peruse that interesting work -of light reading, _The Reports of the Lords’ Committees on the Dignity -of a Peer of the Realm_, comprised in four folio volumes (1826). - -In ‘What is a Peer?’ we made allusion to peerages created by writ of -summons and by letters-patent. We may here observe that there was -another form of barony, that by tenure, which, however, long ago -became obsolete. Now, it is to be remarked with regard to the creation -of a barony by writ of summons, that it always conferred a peerage -in fee—in other words, one descendible to males and females—and this -will introduce us to two terms previously mentioned, ‘abeyance’ and -‘co-heirs,’ which require a short explanation. It will be convenient -to furnish this by reference to those baronies of the Huntingdon -earldom which, we have seen, were transplanted, so to speak, from -the Hastings into the Rawdon family by the single act of marriage of -an heiress of the former with a member of the latter house. The word -‘abeyance’ itself is peculiar, and signifies, to look at something -expectingly—in fact, with open mouth. It has been used with regard to -corporeal hereditaments; but the subject of estates in abeyance, or -in _nubibus_, is far too intricate to be entered upon here. We must, -however, make some allusion to the law of real property, in order to -render our succeeding statements intelligible—and titles of honour -are to be dealt with under the rules of that branch of law. There are -some of those rules, however, which, though applicable to ordinary -incorporeal hereditaments, are not so to titles of honour. Thus, while -an acre of land in fee is alienable, a title in fee is not; it may -devolve, but cannot be devised. Again, if the tenant or, as we commonly -say, the owner of an estate in fee simple dies intestate, leaving no -sons, but daughters, all the latter inherit as ‘co-heirs,’ or, as -lawyers call them, ‘coparceners,’ who are regarded in law as making -one heir. Under such circumstances, they may sever the joint ownership -if they like; but if they do not, the entire estate may devolve upon -the last survivor, assuming the others to die unmarried and intestate. -This right of survivorship will not, however, exist as against the heir -of any of them where the above circumstances are wanting. Thus, if A. -and B. are coparceners, and B. marries, dies, and leaves a son C., the -right of B. will descend on C.; and so on. Well, now, a title of honour -clearly cannot be made the subject of partition; and accordingly, if -the male holder of a barony which originated in a writ of summons -dies leaving two daughters, his barony does not become extinct, but -falls into ‘abeyance.’ If one of these daughters marries, then dies, -leaving a daughter, but her own sister still unmarried, the barony -is still in abeyance until either the aunt or her niece dies. If the -latter predeceases the former, leaving no issue, there is an end of the -abeyance; the aunt assumes the title; but if she dies without having -been married, the title then becomes ‘extinct.’ If, on the other hand, -the niece has male children, and dies, her eldest son succeeds; and -if the latter dies without issue, leaving no brothers or their issue, -but only sisters, who do not marry, the title will again fall into -abeyance. Thus, it is seen how a barony may be in abeyance, and how -there may be co-heirs thereto as claimants also, how such co-heirs and -their heirs may exist as such for an indefinite period, or until the -title can devolve upon _one_ person. The Crown, however, may exercise -its prerogative of terminating the abeyance in favour of one of them, -as was done in the Zouche peerage in 1828. - -But to return to the Hastings’ honours, and the baronies which -Elizabeth transferred to the Rawdon family. The first Baron Hungerford -was summoned by writ in the reign of Henry VI.; and his son married -Margaret, daughter of Baron Botreaux, thus acquiring this title. Their -son Robert married the daughter of Baron Molynes or Molines, and in her -right assumed that title, with his own and Botreaux. He was beheaded -in 1463. The son of this last Baron Hungerford had a daughter, Mary, -who married the first Baron Hastings somewhere about 1480, was summoned -to parliament by writ; and in 1485 the attainder of the Hungerfords -was reversed, and the family honours were restored. The third Baron -Hastings was raised to the earldom of Huntingdon, in which dignity -these honours were merged; and when the eighteenth earl died in 1789, -they descended to his sister, the mother of the first marquis, and -this is really how they came into the Rawdon family. It will also be -understood from what precedes that the only dignity in the peerage -which can fall into abeyance, and, accordingly, to which there can only -be co-heirs, is a barony created by writ; and we may observe, that when -it cannot be determined upon whom a higher title devolves, there is -said to be a ‘suspension’ of that title. It is also to be remembered -that as no barony is known to have been created by letters-patent prior -to the eleventh year of Richard II., baronies created before then are -presumed to have been created by writ of summons. - -We have said that the Crown by the exercise of its prerogative may -terminate an abeyance, and this may be done either in favour of a -person who is, or one who is not, a peer. In the former case, a writ of -summons issues to him by the style of the barony in abeyance; in the -latter, letters-patent are employed, and this is the practice where the -person on whom the title falls is a lady. - -And now a few words as to the ‘forfeiture’ of a title. This will follow -in all cases upon a conviction for high treason, but not necessarily -for felony. If, however, a peerage has originated in a writ of summons, -and therefore descendible to heirs-general, it will be forfeited on -an attainder for felony. It is a curious fact, too, that although the -Crown can pardon a criminal, it cannot in any case restore a dignity -once forfeited for attainder, so as to place the offender and his -family _in statu quo_. This can be done only by an Act of Parliament. -The Crown can revive the forfeited title, but it then becomes a new -one; so that if a twentieth Earl of X. is attainted, although the -Crown may create his son Earl of X., yet the latter becomes not the -twenty-first, but only the first Earl of X. - -There is one more matter of interest which ought to be mentioned here. -We have seen that the barons of Hungerford acquired two titles in right -of their wives. Now, with regard to real property, if a man is married -to a woman possessed of an estate in fee simple or in tail, and she -dies without having had a child born alive, he will, in the absence of -a settlement, or a will by her to the contrary, lose all interest in -such property. If, however, she has had a child which may have lived -only long enough to utter one cry, or can be proved in any way to -have lived after its birth, the husband will in such case, after his -wife’s death, become tenant of the estate for life, and will be termed -‘tenant by the curtesy.’ Such, however, is not the case with regard to -titles of honour; and although, as we have seen, there are instances -of this ‘curtesy’ in regard to dignities, yet, according to Sir Harris -Nicolas, there are none to be met with after the reign of Henry VIII., -the latest examples being those of Hungerford, already referred to, and -Strange. - -Although the House of Lords is undoubtedly an aristocratic assembly, -yet it is essentially a cosmopolitan body, and paradoxical as the -statement will perhaps appear, it may even be said to be in one sense -democratic. It is also to be observed that in this respect the House of -Lords differs from the peerage viewed in its entirety. For whereas the -latter, so regarded, is aristocratic because of the remote ancestry, -wealth, and power of many of its members who have no seat in the House -of Lords, yet this assembly, as a section of the peerage, will be found -to contain men who may fairly be said to be—employing a significant -common phrase—‘Of no family at all.’ Hence our application of the term -‘democratic’ to this assembly; and on consideration, it will be found -to be hardly either far-fetched or inappropriate, because the history -of England will disclose instances in which the sympathy of the House -of Lords has been with the people, where rights and liberties have -been endangered, either by injudicious action by the Commons, by the -attempt to unduly enlarge the prerogatives of the Crown, or from other -causes. The truth is, we have peers who have sprung from all sorts and -conditions of men—from traders, retail as well as wholesale; also from -the professions. Of these sources of supply the legal profession is -the most distinguished, about half the members of the present House of -Lords, including some of the oldest, wealthiest, and grandest of them, -either being descended from, or owing their position to, successful -members of the Bar. We are not aware of any solicitor, as such, having -been raised to the peerage; but the great Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, -ancestor of the present earl, commenced life as an articled clerk; and -Thomas Parker the first Earl of Macclesfield practised as a solicitor -before becoming a barrister. Like his illustrious predecessor Bacon, -he was impeached for corrupt practices in his office, and fined thirty -thousand pounds. - -It is amusing to notice—though, of course, the fact is not mentioned -as an argument for any previous statement—that in the peerage we -have a Browne, a Jones, and a Robinson, which are the family names -respectively of the Marquis of Sligo, Viscount Ranelagh, and the -Marquis of Ripon, the present Governor-general of India. Four of -our greatest dukes—Cleveland, Grafton, Richmond, and St Albans—are -severally descended from Charles II. and his mistresses, the last-named -having for his ancestress the fair and amiable, but frail Eleanor -Gwynne, or as she is commonly called, Nell Gwynne. Another ‘irregular -scion of royalty’ is the present Earl of Munster, whose grandparents -were King William IV. and Mrs Jordan the actress. With regard to the -above-named dukes, it is a remarkable circumstance that although -the sovereigns of England ceased in 1801 to perpetrate the act of -absurdity and effrontery of styling themselves kings of France, yet -the above-mentioned noblemen still quarter the arms of that country -on their heraldic shields. At the same time, over such arms, which -are those of Charles II., there is placed the sinister[3] baton—that -is, one extending from nearly the top of the left of the shield to -nearly the bottom of its right—which is the emblem of illegitimacy. -Lord Munster also bears the royal arms with the same ‘abatement,’ as -a herald would say. Then, on the other hand, there are eight dukes, -three marquises, seventeen earls, three viscounts, and fourteen barons -who are entitled to quarter the royal arms of Plantagenet on their -shields without this said baton. But this is not so singular as the -fact disclosed during the course of the ‘Sussex Peerage Case,’ to be -noticed again presently, that upwards of thirty thousand persons in -this country have royal blood in their veins! - -The distinction between what may be termed personal titles and those of -a local or territorial character should be observed. Occasionally, one -hears of a Marquis _of_ Townshend, a Marquis _of_ Conyngham, an Earl -_of_ Waldegrave, _of_ Granville, &c. Such expressions are erroneous; -there are, in fact, no such titles, and the ‘of’ is improperly -introduced. We ought to say Earl Granville, &c. So also with the Earls -Cairns, Fitzwilliam, Grey, Stanhope, &c., whose name and chief title -are the same. We have, however, Earl Brownlow, whose family name is -Cust. Moreover, a peer whose chief title is personal, may yet possess -others which are local, but not, so far as we know, territorial. Thus, -Earl Fortescue’s second title is Viscount Ebrington, and the Marquis -Conyngham is Earl of Mountcharles. Again, all a peer’s titles may be -the same as his name, as in the case of Sir J. V. S. Townshend, Bart., -who is Marquis, Viscount, and Baron Townshend. It is, however, usual in -this family for the eldest son to be designated Viscount Raynham during -his father’s lifetime, the viscounty being, in fact, ‘Townshend of -Raynham, in the county of Norfolk.’ - -But even where peers do bear territorial or local titles, as, for -example, the Duke of Norfolk, Marquis of Northampton or Earl of Derby, -it is not usual in society to so speak of them except in the case of a -dukedom; all noblemen, whether actually so, or only by courtesy, being -styled simply Lord So-and-so. - -It now and then happens that some distinguished man, who for some -reason is not disposed to accept a peerage himself, will yet permit -such honour to be conferred on his wife. This was the case with -the late Lord Beaconsfield, whose wife became in 1868 Viscountess -Beaconsfield, her husband still remaining a commoner. Then, again, in -1836 the wife of Sir John Campbell, afterwards Lord Campbell, and Chief -Justice of England, was raised to the peerage as Baroness Stratheden, -before her husband was, a circumstance which will be found to disclose -the unusual fact of three baronies being conferred in the short space -of six years on two families, each indebted for its elevation to -nobility to a successful lawyer. The father of Lady Stratheden was Sir -James Scarlett, who was created Chief Baron of the Exchequer and Lord -Abinger in January 1835. Next year the Stratheden peerage was created; -and in 1841, Lady Stratheden’s husband became Lord Chancellor of Great -Britain and Lord Campbell. She died in 1860, whereupon her eldest son -succeeded to her title. Lord Campbell died next year; and the same -nobleman also took his father’s title. Thus we have what seems at first -sight the puzzling title of Stratheden and Campbell. - -There are a few other instances in the peerage of the employment of -a double title, for example, the Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos; -Hamilton and Brandon; Richmond and Gordon: the Earls of Mar and Kellie; -Warwick and Brooke; Pembroke and Montgomery; Stamford and Warrington; -Suffolk and Berkshire; Wemyss and March; Winchelsea and Nottingham, -&c.: Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (who sits as Lord Oriel): Baron -Saye and Sele; Baron Mowbray, Segrave, and Stourton; Oranmore and -Browne; De L’Isle and Dudley, &c., which the reader inclined to do so -may investigate for himself. - -Then we have titles of another compound order, as those of Lord -Clifford of Chudleigh, Howard of Glossop, Vaux of Harrowden, Willoughby -de Broke, Willoughby de Eresby, &c.; and as an instance of _idem -sonans_ in titles, we may mention the barony of Middleton and the -viscounty of Midleton, the respective holders of which are peers of the -realm, and pronounce their titles in the same way. - -Some of the heraldic mottoes of our nobility are extremely peculiar. A -very blunt one is that of Byron, _Crede Byron_ (Believe a Byron). A few -of them have reference to the achievements for which the peerage was -originally conferred, or from which promotion therein was the result. -Thus, Baron Exmouth, upon whom a viscounty was conferred after the -bombardment of Algiers in 1816, placed his family motto over his crest, -and the word ‘Algiers’ under his shield. In the same way the celebrated -Field-marshal Viscount Gough had the words ‘China,’ ‘Barrosa,’ and -‘Goojerat’ painted on his armorial bearings, also the Irish words -_Faugh a Ballagh_—that is, clear the way, which is the war-cry of the -regiment known as the Connaught Rangers. Again, Lord Radstock’s motto -is ‘St Vincent,’ commemorating a naval exploit of the first peer, who -was a son of the third Earl Waldegrave, which, however, took place off -Cape Lagos in 1797. The motto of the hero John Jervis, who destroyed -the Spanish fleet off Cape St Vincent in 1797, and who was raised to -the peerage as Earl St Vincent, was the strange-looking word ‘Thus,’ -and it is still borne by the representative of the Jervis family, -who, however, is only Viscount St Vincent. ‘Thus’ is a nautical term -of command which, shortly explained, signifies an order to keep the -ship’s head in the direction in which she is proceeding. The motto of -Earl Fortescue, _Forte scutum salus ducum_ (that is, A strong shield -is the safeguard of the leaders), is noteworthy. According to Sir B. -Burke, the ancestor of the Fortescues was one Sir Richard le Fort, -who protected the Conqueror at the battle of Hastings by his shield. -_Escue_ being the Norman word for shield, it was added to _Fort_, and -thus produced the name and the title of Fortescue. The above motto is -also that of the Fortescues Lords Clermont, who are kinsmen of the -others. Two ennobled barristers chose mottoes associated with their -professional pursuits, Pratt, Marquis Camden, having taken _Judicium -parium, aut lex terræ_ (that is, The judgment of our peers, or the law -of the land); while the renowned advocate Thomas, Lord Erskine, adopted -the phrase _Trial by Jury_. This nobleman was the son of the fifth Earl -of Buchan, whose family motto is _Judge nought_; and there is some -singularity about the abandonment of this motto for that of _Trial by -Jury_. There are two mottoes of an extremely suggestive character—that -of Earl Howe (_Let Curzon hold what Curzon held_), and that of the -Marquis Conyngham (_Over Fork over!_). The history of the latter -family will show that the spirit of this phrase, taken in its vulgar -acceptation, has not been disregarded by them. In some of the mottoes -we discover a play of words—a fanciful conceit, as it would have once -been termed. Thus, the Earls of Onslow use the well-known proverb, -_Festine lente_, or ‘Hasten slowly,’ which evidently has reference to -the present form of their name, On-slow, which, however, was originally -Ondeslow. Then, again, Earl Manvers’ is _Pie repone te_ (Repose with -pious confidence). If the position of the letters in the Latin words be -changed, we have _Piereponete_; and ‘Pierrepont’ is the family name of -the above nobleman. The motto of the Earls of Wemyss, _This our Charter -is_, contains their name of Charteris. So also does that of the Roches, -Lords Fermoy, _Mon Dieu est ma roche_; and the motto of the Earls of -Sandwich, _Post tot naufragia portum_ (After so many shipwrecks, we -arrive at port). Then, again, the Duke of Devonshire, and Lords Chesham -and Waterpark, all of the Cavendish family, have for their motto -_Cavendo tutus_ (Safe by being cautious), evidently a _jeu de mots_, a -hazy sort of play on the name of the title. - -In a previous paragraph, we alluded to the Sussex Peerage Case. This -was a very painful curiosity indeed of the peerage. The Duke of Sussex, -sixth son of George III., had married, in 1793, Lady Augusta Murray, -daughter of the Earl of Dunmore. The marriage ceremony was twice -performed—first at Rome, and next at St George’s, Hanover Square, and -the union was one of affection on both sides. Two children were born of -it—a son and a daughter, the former having been Colonel Sir Augustus -F. D’Este, and the latter, Mademoiselle D’Este, who became the second -wife of Serjeant Wilde, afterwards Lord Chancellor Truro. That lady -died in 1855 without issue, and the present Lord Truro is accordingly -descended from the first wife. On the death of the Duke of Sussex in -1843, Sir A. D’Este claimed the Dukedom of Sussex; but the Prerogative -Court of Canterbury, the then forum of matrimonial causes, held the -marriage of his parents to have been null and void, as contrary to the -provisions of the Royal Marriage Act (12 Geo. III. c. 11). Sir Augustus -D’Este died in 1849; and this lamentable story in its legal aspect may -be read in the second volume of Clark and Finnelly’s _House of Lords’ -Reports_. The Sussex Peerage Case, beyond its painful interest, is of -importance to lawyers, several rules of the law of evidence having -been fixed by it. The same may be said of some other peerage cases, as -those of Banbury and Shrewsbury. And we may also mention that one which -probably stands without a parallel in the records of scandalous family -history, the celebrated Berkeley Peerage Case, a veritable curiosity, -not of the peerage only, but of human life generally, being, in fact, -an agglomeration of frauds, perjuries, and immoral proceedings, all -surrounded by an atmosphere of the most repulsive vulgarity. We gladly -pass it by. Indeed, it ought, except for illustrative purposes, to be -let severely alone. - -We have spoken in a previous paragraph of ‘premier peerages;’ and -perhaps a few words are necessary on this subject. - -The premier peerages of the realm are as follows: - -_England_—Duke of Norfolk, 1483; Marquis of Winchester, 1551; Earl -Shrewsbury, 1442; Viscount Hereford, 1550; Baron Le Despencer, 1264. - -_Scotland_—Duke of Hamilton, 1643; Marquis of Huntly, 1559; Earl -Crawford, 1398; Viscount Falkland, 1620; Baron Forbes, 1442 (?). - -_Ireland_—Duke of Leinster, 1766, who is also premier Marquis and Earl -of Ireland; Viscount Gormanston, 1478; Baron Kingsale, 1181. - -Of all these, Kingsale is the oldest existing title, but, as already -intimated, Lord Kingsale has no seat in the House of Lords. The barony -(by writ) of Le Despencer is the oldest in England, but is at present -held by a lady, who is the wife of Viscount Falmouth, whose son is -therefore heir to both titles. The oldest title borne by a member of -the House of Lords under which he sits and votes is that of De Ros, -this barony having been created 1264, but after that of Le Despencer. - -Earls, Viscounts, Barons, and Baronesses are entitled to be styled -‘Right Honourable;’ a Marquis is ‘Most Honourable,’ or ‘Most Noble and -Puissant Prince;’ a Duke is ‘Most Noble,’ or ‘Most High, Potent, and -Noble Prince.’ All peers except barons are by the etiquette of heraldry -regarded and styled as cousins of the sovereign. Thus, a Viscount or -an Earl is addressed as, ‘Our right trusty and well-beloved Cousin;’ a -Marquis as, ‘Our right trusty and entirely beloved Cousin;’ and a Duke -as, ‘Our right trusty and right entirely beloved Cousin.’ - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] We not unfrequently hear persons speaking of the House of Commons -as though that assembly alone constituted the parliament of these -realms. It should be borne in mind that parliament consists of the -sovereign and both Houses of legislature. - -[2] The union of the _crowns_ of England and Scotland by the accession -of James VI. of that country to the English throne as James I. in 1603, -must not be confounded with the union of the two _kingdoms_ themselves, -one hundred and four years afterwards. - -[3] In heraldry, the terms dexter and sinister are used for right and -left; and the right of a shield is that which is on the left of the -person looking at it, and _vice versâ_. - - - - -A ZULU ROMANCE. - - -As a rule, the course of true love runs smoother in Kaffir-land than -in more civilised countries. The reason for this is not far to seek. -In Europe, the business of matrimony is complicated by its being -associated with the impulses of the heart; but amongst our Ethiopian -brethren the emotional has but little place or power. The whole affair -is simply arranged by the father of the girl. Eight or ten oxen are -handed over to the dusky Paterfamilias by the eligible suitor, who in -exchange receives the damsel—blushing, no doubt, if one could perceive -it beneath the dark skin. In rare instances, it may be a case of mutual -affection; and in the true story which I am about to relate, affairs -went ‘clean off the track’ in a quite phenomenal fashion. A good deal -of this romantic drama, which took place in and about Maritzburg, -the capital of Natal, came under the immediate notice of my wife and -myself, while the rest of it was told us by one or other of the chief -actors. - -It was towards the close of a summer afternoon. The day had been more -than usually hot, but a slight curtain of cloud was now pleasantly -veiling the sun. Our house was situated on a gently rising ground on -the outskirts of the town—a comfortable one-storied cottage, surrounded -by a deep veranda, and standing a short distance back from the road. -There would have been sultry stillness, but for the chirp and whir of -insects, the too frequent ‘ping’ of the mosquito as it hovered around -one’s ear, the ‘clunk-clunk’ of the frogs in a neighbouring streamlet, -and the sonorous voice of our Kaffir ‘boy’ chanting some barbarous -lay in one of the outhouses. Occasionally a creaking, full-laden -bullock-wagon would toil past, drawn by a span of twelve or fourteen -patient oxen, and overhung by a cloud of red dust, stirred up from the -broad, rut-lined, arid highway. Anon, a buggy would dash jolting along, -to the imminent danger of family groups of itinerant Kaffirs, who -would, with a loud ‘Wow!’ jump aside; and once in a while a solitary -horseman, booted and spurred, would be seen galloping to or from the -town. - -I was lying in a swing-hammock suspended in the veranda, smoking a -cigar, and fitfully reading that day’s paper. Now and again, my eye -mechanically rested on the road, watching the several wayfarers. -Presently my attention was more particularly drawn to a young Zulu -woman, who had opened our front gate, and was slowly walking up the -path leading to our house. She was probably about seventeen years of -age, though, to one unacquainted with Kaffir physique, she might have -seemed at least twenty-one, and moved with the erect and graceful -carriage characteristic of the race. Her dress consisted of what may -be best described as a canvas tunic, which had originally been a sack, -but round the arm-holes and short skirt was a border of many-coloured -beads. Upon her shapely arms were brass rings and circlets of beads, -while similar ornaments graced her calf and ankle. Her hair had been -combed up, stiffened with red clay, and tied into a bunch—a toilet -significant of her status as a married woman, the Kaffir virgin usually -rejoicing merely in her primitive ‘wool.’ - -The young woman’s steps were directed to the back of our premises, -where she disappeared. What could she be after? The next moment I said -to myself that she must be one of our ‘boy’s’ relations. The kinship of -one’s Kaffir boy, be it here remarked, is invariably very extensive; -and unless you exercise some strictness, your rearmost premises are -very apt to be invaded by his parents, his brothers, ‘his sisters and -his cousins and his aunts,’ not to speak of his uncles and vaguely -remote relatives. Our boy, Capelle by name, had been told that we were -not to be annoyed by frequent visits from his friends; and as that day -he had already welcomed and hospitably fed—with _our_ maize-meal—about -half-a-dozen of his acquaintances, I somewhat resented the coming of -this youthful matron. - -It was in my mind to jump out of the hammock and remonstrate with our -domestic, when I heard stealthy footsteps in the veranda. The next -moment Capelle stood before me, asking permission, as far as I could -make out, for his sister to remain overnight. My wife now appeared, -telling me that Capelle and the young woman had been having high words -in the Kaffir-house. Thereupon I questioned him as to the cause of -the quarrel. ‘Baas’ (Master), he began; and then delivered a fluent -discourse in his native tongue, doubtless full of information, but -almost wholly unintelligible to me, until my wife acted as interpreter. -My better-half, having to scold and direct the boy, had in about -two years’ time mastered the colloquial Kaffir generally spoken in -Maritzburg kitchens. Out of the facts extracted from Capelle and his -sister by cross-examination, the following interesting narrative was -evolved. - -Some six months previous, this young woman, whose name was ’Manthla, -had plighted her troth to one Umhlassu, who was now working as a porter -at an ironmonger’s in Maritzburg, and was rapidly saving up the money -to buy the necessary cattle wherewith to purchase her from her papa. -He had now eight oxen, only two short of the number required, and had -secured a hut for her reception. For her part, ’Manthla had given -Umhlassu a pair of earrings, a necklace, a snuff-box, bead ornaments -for the head, and other gifts such as Kaffir maidens present to their -lovers. Unfortunately, another wooer had come to her father, offering -twelve bullocks for ’Manthla; and the parent, very naturally—for such -doings are not unknown even in Mayfair—favoured the wealthier suitor. -The oxen were accepted there and then, without the daughter being -consulted in the matter. As a rule, the reception of the live-stock by -the father is an important point in the marriage-service of the Zulus. -The next step is the arranging of the wedding-feast, at which there -generally is dancing for two or three days, as well as the consumption -of one of the oxen which form part of the ‘marriage-settlement,’ not to -mention the drinking galore of native beer. - -’Manthla had steadily declined to take any part in the proceedings, -though she had been in the charge of the matrons of the kraal, who had -dressed her hair in the manner already described. With still greater -persistence, she refused to accompany Indebbelish, her would-be lord -and master, to his kraal, even going the length of producing a knife -and protesting she would take away her life, rather than become his -bride. Her father threatened to beat her with a stick; all her friends -upbraided her; and finally, she was handed over to the old women, who -kept her a prisoner and all but starved her, to induce a better state -of mind. Her almost unheard-of defiance of ‘use and wont’ astonished -the marriage-party; but their amazement reached its climax when, in the -midst of the festivities, it was discovered that ’Manthla had seized a -favourable opportunity to escape. She had travelled on foot fifty miles -into Maritzburg, and it was at the close of that journey that I had -seen her from our veranda. - -When ’Manthla had greeted her brother and told him the whole story, -he was of course highly indignant at her disregard of tribal custom. -He rated her in good sound terms, jeered at her, and treated her to -a variety of ill-favoured epithets, in which the Zulu vocabulary is -unusually rich. It was the sound of this fraternal reproof which my -wife had heard. There was really nothing for it but to give shelter -to the fugitive for at least one night. It would scarcely have been -humane to have turned ’Manthla adrift, tired and hungry as she was; -and accordingly the ‘pilgrim of love’ was allowed to take her fill of -porridge and sleep on the kitchen floor. - -Early next morning, as I was mounting my cob at the stable-door, -preparatory to a ‘spin’ over the _veldt_ before breakfast, there -appeared an elderly Kaffir, who held up the forefinger of his right -hand and exclaimed ‘Inkosi!’—the native salutation of respect. This was -no less a personage than Pank, the father of ’Manthla and of our boy -Capelle. He was attired in a soldier’s old coat, and ragged trousers -that descended no farther than his knees. On his head was a battered -felt hat; while through the lobe of one ear was stuck a cigar, and -through the other a cylindrical ‘snuff-box.’ Though old Pank had come -in hot haste from the kraal all those fifty miles, and was presumably -in a state of great mental agitation, he sauntered into our back-yard -as carelessly as if he had only casually dropped in from next door. I -have noticed the same characteristic in several other Kaffirs. After -the afore-mentioned salutation, Pank’s lean face broadened into a grin, -and he vivaciously ejaculated two or three times: ‘It’s allee right, -allee right!’ This phrase, which proved to be the only English at -his command, was introduced with great frequency, and sometimes with -ludicrous effect. This optimist remark, however, was not upon his lips -when he caught sight of his daughter ’Manthla timidly peeping out from -the door of the Kaffir-house. His face darkened in expression, and -pouring forth a volley of reproaches, the ‘stern parient’ approached -her. I stood anxiously watching the interview, fearing lest violence -might be the outcome. But after Pank had uncorked the vial of his -wrath, it quickly evaporated, and in a short time he sat down on his -haunches, took the snuff-box from his ear and regaled himself with a -hearty pinch. - -I rode off; and on my return, half an hour later, the old fellow was in -our kitchen, calmly consuming a large pot of porridge. It turned out -that he had ordered ’Manthla to be ready to accompany him at once to -the kraal of Indebbelish. Alas, however, for the ‘best-laid schemes!’ -When the _babba_ (father) went into the Kaffir-house, he found ’Manthla -had again fled. His anger and disgust were now turned upon Capelle, -who vowed he had had no hand in her flight. The father retorted, the -son recriminated, and it was only by rushing out and brandishing my -riding-whip that order was restored. The old man suddenly grinned and -exclaimed: ‘Allee right, allee right!’ and then his eye catching sight -of a big iron pot which had fallen into disuse, he asked if we could -spare it. My wife sarcastically inquired if there was anything else he -would like; upon which Pank requested a bottle of castor-oil, for the -purpose of anointing his body when he reached home. This being given -him, the injured father strode away, with the big pot over his head -like a huge helmet, and we hoped we had seen the last of him. Not at -all! In five minutes or so the old rascal came back, begging Capelle’s -wages for the next three months. It is customary for the _babbas_ -to collect the money due to their sons, but payment in advance was -altogether without precedent. Happily, by disbursing the wages due for -a month which had almost expired, we for a time got rid of the father -of our heroine. - -It is time that we again followed her fortunes. When ’Manthla ran away -from our house, she betook herself to Umhlassu, who, true lover that he -was, forsook his work, packed up his blankets, and went off with his -bride to his own kraal. Feasting and dancing were again indulged in, -this time, however, by the bridegroom’s relatives. Hearing of this, -the unsuccessful Indebbelish indignantly demanded the cattle back from -’Manthla’s father; but this just request was point-blank refused. -Indebbelish saw he had no other alternative but to trudge into town to -institute an action for ‘breach of promise’ against Babba Pank. The -machinery of the native court in Maritzburg was in due course set in -motion, and the case appointed to come off in three weeks, a fact we -knew one evening by the advent of Indebbelish, who was about the most -handsome Kaffir we had ever seen. He came to have a chat with Capelle, -who had favoured his wooing in time past, and was still friendly. We -naturally objected to have our larder drawn upon alternately by the -plaintiff and defendant in the pending suit, and so declined to give -Indebbelish board and lodging. But he made up for this by calling night -after night and smoking Capelle’s tobacco. - -At length the great day of the trial dawned, and with it came the -beaming face of ’Manthla’s father with his irrepressible ‘Allee right!’ -He marched in and billeted himself upon us for about six days. I am -not aware whether this was owing to prolonged litigation or to the -enjoyment of living at some one else’s expense. At all events, when the -week expired, the _babba_ vouchsafed the information that the case had -gone against him, and that he had to restore the bullocks, at the same -time cheerily adding: ‘It’s allee right, allee right!’ Nevertheless, he -went away very downcast, after another ineffectual attempt to collect -Capelle’s wages in advance. A day or two afterwards, the cattle were -returned to Indebbelish with a bad grace; but Umhlassu gave Babba Pank -eight oxen, with a promise of other two at some future period; and -the heart of the old man rejoiced. The sympathies of my wife had been -aroused in favour of Indebbelish; but her interest instantly vanished -when she found that ‘the poor, forsaken young man,’ long previous to -his ‘courtship’ of ’Manthla, was already possessed of three wives! When -Indebbelish received back the oxen from the _babba_, he simply drove -them off to another kraal, and purchased an ebony virgin to complete -his connubial quartet. - -About eighteen months afterwards, I happened to be amongst the -Saturday morning throng on the Market Square of Maritzburg. Hundreds -of people—English, Dutch, Indian, and Kaffir—were moving about the -dusty expanse of ground, which was covered with auctioneers’ stands, -bullock-wagons, sacks of produce, cows and horses on sale, and large -quantities of the miscellaneous household goods which find their way -to colonial marts. At one part of the ground, a number of Kaffir wives -were squatted alongside heaps of firewood, which they had conveyed into -town, and were now selling. As I observed them, my boy Capelle suddenly -drew my attention to a woman who was walking towards the group. She -carried a great load of firewood in long lengths poised upon her head, -and a baby slung behind her in a blanket. I dimly recollected her face; -Capelle told me her name, and ran forward to speak to her. It was none -other than the heroine of the love-match—poor ’Manthla! - - - - -CONCERNING LOVE.[4] - - -IN TWO PARTS.—PART II. - -Having in the former part of this paper considered certain theories -concerning the nature, qualities, power, and vitality of love, we -would now invite the attention of our readers to some of the symptoms, -evidences, and effects of that passion. Here we find ourselves upon -somewhat firmer ground, for the field now before us is not so much -that of theory and definition as of observation and experience. While -the profoundest philosophers find themselves at a loss in attempting -to formulate some satisfactory theory on the subject, the most -unsophisticated observer can tell us something of the signs and tokens -by which love manifests its presence. The symptoms of the tender -passion are both varied and varying, and we have it on the authority -of Addison that there is no other passion which produces such contrary -effects in so great a degree. Byron describes love as bearing within -itself ‘the very germ of change.’ - -For a thoroughly comprehensive catalogue of love’s tokens take the -reply of Silvius to Phebe in _As You Like It_. ‘Good shepherd,’ says -Phebe, ‘tell this youth what ’tis to love.’ ‘It is,’ replies Silvius, -‘to be all made of sighs and tears; it is to be all made of faith and -service; it is to be all made of fantasy, all made of passion, and all -made of wishes; all adoration, duty, and observance; all humbleness, -all patience, and impatience; all purity, all trial, all observance.’ -If the foregoing be accepted as an accurate description of what it is -to love, one is enabled to understand the belief that the reason why -Love is not included among the virtues is that it combines them all in -one. - -Dryden has given us several accounts of the way in which the tender -passion operates upon the mind. In one passage he says: - - Love various minds does variously inspire: - He stirs in gentle natures gentle fire, - Like that of incense on the altar laid; - But raging flames tempestuous souls invade: - A fire which every windy passion blows; - With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows. - -The same writer, descending to more everyday observations, and speaking -of the condition of a person in love, declares: - - You pine, you languish, love to be alone, - Think much, speak little, and in speaking sigh. - -This is certainly a faithful description of the conventional lover, -whom you meet in novels, and there are no doubt a great many -sentimental people who still languish and sigh, after the old romantic -pattern. Yet there are a great many more who get through all their -love experiences with very little languishing and very few sighs. They -are much too busy, or too cheerful, or too matter-of-fact, to indulge -their passion to the pining or languishing degree; so that tears and -sighs and groans are not by any means inevitable or necessary symptoms -of love. While one lover is to be found ‘sighing like furnace, with a -woeful ballad made to his mistress’ eyebrow,’ another is discovered -basking joyfully in the sunshine of his love, and singing with Moore -that - - There’s nothing half so sweet in life - As love’s young dream. - -Ovid remarks that tears are by no means unserviceable in love, because -by tears you may touch a heart of stone. He therefore advises the -lover to endeavour that his mistress should find him with his cheeks -bathed in tears; and he adds, that if you are not quite equal to the -shedding of genuine tears, you may bathe your eyes and cheeks by other -means. But Ovid is discoursing on the _art_ of love, and what we are -at present considering are the true marks of the genuine passion. -There are, no doubt, few matters in which there has been, since the -world began, so much dissimulation and hypocrisy as in love affairs, -and Ovid’s artful suggestions recall the profane observation of a -cynical writer, that ‘Love consists of a little sighing, a little -crying, a little dying—and a deal of lying.’ It is not our present -purpose, however, to enter upon the false in love, or the spurious -impersonations which stalk about in his name. Let it suffice to say -that Ovid’s crafty advice is founded on the fact that true love is -often tearful and desponding. It may not be, as Silvius puts it, ‘all -sighs and tears,’ but even the most sanguine love may have its moments -of sadness and doubt. ‘Love,’ says one of the poets— - - Love, though most sure, - Yet always to itself seems insecure. - -And Scott declares that ‘Love is loveliest when embalmed in tears.’ -Another poet argues that unless you quake and are struck dumb when your -mistress enters the room, you have loved amiss, and must begin anew. - -But if love is sometimes downcast and fearful, it just as often -soars aloft on the pinions of hope, for ‘Love can hope where Reason -would despair.’ The lover has a miraculous way of finding hope and -encouragement amid the most unpromising circumstances. He can feed for -weeks together on a word or a glance; and if his mistress frown and -turn her back upon him, he must still lay the flattering unction to his -soul that she merely frowns, as Shakspeare expresses it somewhere, to -beget more love in him. Truly, the lover had need be ‘all patience,’ -for ’tis a fickle god he woos. If he would not woo in vain, he must -bear with a thousand caprices, inconstancies, and tyrannies. - -Lovers are proverbially blind to each other’s shortcomings, and their -praises of each other are therefore untrammelled by ordinary scruples -on the score of veracity. ‘There never,’ says Bacon, ‘was a proud man -thought so absurdly well of himself as the lover doth of the person -loved.’ It is therefore at once easy and natural for men and women -under the influence of the tender passion to present to each other, and -to swallow with the keenest relish, a great deal of this kind of food. - -If we are to credit the French poet Chamfort, who says he has seen -women of all countries, an Italian woman does not believe that she is -loved by her lover unless he is capable of committing a crime for her, -an Englishwoman an extravagance, and a Frenchwoman a folly. Let us hope -that worthier performances than these are sometimes demanded in token -of love’s sincerity—acts of self-denial, of merit, of generosity, and -of faithfulness. Richter is of opinion, however, that ‘love requires -not so much proofs as expressions of love—it demands little else than -the power to feel and to requite love.’ Dryden gives expression to the -same idea, when he says: - - All other debts may compensation find, - But Love is strict, and must be paid in kind. - -How often has love spurned riches, power, enjoyment, the good opinion -of the world, and everything else, in order to meet responsive love -amid poverty, suffering, deprivation, and even dishonour! True love -will sacrifice everything to be requited; for ‘Lovers all but love -disdain.’ - -Whatever form its manifestations may take, it may be assumed that -the fickle god will not fail to show itself. ‘There are two things -not to be hidden,’ says the proverb—‘Love and a cough.’ It may be -expressed by sighs and tears, by a dejected and distracted mien, and -by what Shakspeare calls ‘the pale complexion of true love.’ It may -be discovered in tell-tale blushes—‘celestial rosy red, Love’s proper -hue,’ as Milton puts it—in bashful awkwardness, and in a distressing -self-consciousness in the presence of the adored object. And it may -be shown no less plainly and emphatically in quiet self-devotion, -dutifulness, and self-sacrifice. It often identifies itself with -various kinds of manias, such as a mania for composing amatory -epistles or writing verses, a mania for going to church, for haunting -a particular street, or for buying kid gloves, patent-leather boots, -and eau-de-Cologne. These, with many other similar and equally harmless -symptoms, are quite familiar. - -Then there is a more extravagant class of manifestations that the hard -unfeeling world would describe as folly. When love reaches what Bacon -calls ‘the mad degree,’ there is absolutely no limit to the excesses -that may be perpetrated in its name. But of the comparatively harmless -kinds of folly there is usually a considerable admixture in even the -sedatest loves. Thomson describes the lover as ‘the very fool of -nature.’ It is not, of course, to be supposed that he is ever conscious -of his folly—when he is engaged in it, at all events—for - - Love is blind, and lovers cannot see - The pretty follies that themselves commit. - -Yet it cannot be denied that the folly in love is, to the lovers, by no -means the least agreeable part of it. - - I could not love, I’m sure, - One who in love were wise, - -is Cowley’s frank confession; and most lovers, if they carefully -examine their experience and speak the truth, will echo the sentiment. -Wisdom would never give utterance to all those fond, foolish fancies, -those ‘airy nothings,’ and sweet flatteries that the lover prizes so -much; and wisdom would often dictate a degree of prudence and reserve -and formality that could never be endured by two hearts that beat as -one. - - The proverb holds, that to be wise and love, - Is hardly granted to the gods above. - -After what we have seen of Cupid’s fickleness and ever-varying moods, -it will not be imagined that when love is not all smiles and sunshine, -it is therefore insincere or undesirable. In the words of the poet -Walsh: - - Love is a medley of endearments, jars, - Suspicions, quarrels, reconcilements, wars, - Then peace again. - -After the storm, the sun returns as bright and genial as before, -and the air is all the purer and the sweeter for the electric war -that has disturbed its stillness. The love that cannot outlive a few -misunderstandings and disagreements can hardly claim to be considered -as genuine, and had better be allowed to pass at once into the limbo of -exploded myths. The truth is, however, that Love often dispenses his -favours in a very eccentric way, and each favour is sometimes paid for -with a more than proportionate amount of suffering; so that the lover -must be often tempted to exclaim with Addison: - - Mysterious love! uncertain treasure! - Hast thou more of pain or pleasure? - -Yet he will probably resolve the problem in much the same manner as the -poet does in completing the stanza: - - Endless torments dwell about thee, - Yet who would live and live without thee? - -Spenser finds that ‘love with gall and honey doth abound,’ and in -computing the proportion of each, he expresses the belief that for -every drachm of honey there is a pound of gall. Notwithstanding this, -however, he is prepared to assert that - - One loving hour - For many years of sorrow can dispense; - A drachm of sweet is worth a pound of sour. - -This is the attitude which the lover must adopt; and if the gall -preponderate in his experience—which we sincerely hope it won’t—he must -comfort and sustain himself with thoughts of the honey he has enjoyed, -and that may be yet in store for him. - -If the course of true love does not run smooth, that is not always -because the way is not clear enough or level enough, but very often -entirely on account of Love’s injudicious and impracticable behaviour. -If Love will indulge his propensity to masquerade in the guise of -frenzy or delirium, folly or extravagance, there is nothing at all -surprising in his getting into trouble. But what is the use of -sermonising? Notwithstanding all the striking lessons he has received, -and the painful experiences through which he has passed, Cupid is -still much the same wilful, rollicking, mischief-loving sprite that he -was when he first appeared upon our planet; and so, no doubt, he will -remain to the end of the chapter. - -At the same time, when all is said and done, is it not just possible -that Love gets blamed for a good deal of trouble and mischief for -which he is really not responsible? Do people not often cry out -against Love’s tyranny and unreasonableness, when they ought to blame -their own selfishness, or pride, or blundering stupidity? Love must -be treated as an honoured guest, not as a slave; and if he leave us, -may we not reasonably ask ourselves, before we begin to upbraid and -revile him, whether we have not driven him away by our own neglect -and heartlessness and querulous impatience? When we consider how he -is sometimes treated, the wonder is, not so much that he should have -departed, as that he should have stayed so long. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[4] Concluded from page 156. - - - - -THE PROGRESS OF CYCLING. - - -It is exceedingly interesting to the reflective cyclist of the present -day to indulge in a retrospect of ten or fifteen years, and compare -his present position with the status that subsisted in those early -days of the wheel. Nothing could better illustrate the rapid growth -of this comparatively modern method of locomotion than the spread and -increasing importance of the various Exhibitions in different parts of -the country devoted entirely or in part to demonstrating the advances -made in the two or three wheeler during the recess of winter. And these -advances have been most marked during the past year, the machines now -exhibited showing plainly the care and attention bestowed upon them. -In one important detail in particular this is markedly apparent, -namely, in that of gearing for tricycles. It is a well-known fact among -cyclists that the temporary exhaustion following the rapid traversing -of a smooth level road does not proceed in a tenth degree so much from -the actual strength expended as upon the rapid exertion required. To -obviate this, a system of gearing-up has been introduced, whereby the -wheels make more revolutions than the feet. But as this would place the -rider at a disadvantage in ascending inclines or in traversing rough -roads, a system of gearing level or down has been combined, whereby, by -a mechanical arrangement, the wheels perform either the same number of -revolutions as the feet, or less. The combination of these systems has -produced some of the most intricately ingenious mechanisms that have -lately appeared before the public, and cyclists are busily engaged in -testing and otherwise determining which system shall be introduced into -their mounts for the coming season. - -In the June number of the _Journal_ for last year we predicted -the approach of a period of unusual activity in cycling, and the -prediction has not proved fallacious; for the season which closed with -the approach of last winter was remarkable in many respects, as the -following will show. In October, the extraordinary distance of two -hundred and sixty miles was ridden on a two-wheeler in twenty-four -hours over ordinary roads; a tricycle under similar circumstances -has covered over two hundred and twenty-one miles when ridden by a -gentleman, and one hundred and fifty-two miles when propelled by a -lady. In August, a tricycle was driven from John o’ Groats to Land’s -End—ten hundred and seven miles—in fourteen days; the bicycle record -by a shorter route being a little over nine days; whilst in October -a bicyclist rode from London to Derby—a distance of one hundred and -twenty-six miles—without either stopping or dismounting. Many feats of -endurance and determination similar to the above have taken place upon -the public roads; whilst upon the racing-path, the great feature has -been the ‘record cutting’ of the year. In 1882, a well-known doctor and -amateur bicyclist rode twenty miles and three hundred and twenty-five -yards in an hour; in 1883, this was beaten by a professional at -Leicester, who covered twenty miles nine hundred and five yards in -the same time; whilst the time for one mile has been lowered from two -minutes forty-one and three-fifth seconds to two minutes forty and -four-fifth seconds. The time for one mile for a tricycle was also -lowered to three minutes five seconds, and all existing tricycling -records from a quarter of a mile to one hundred miles were beaten -last year. But the rapid advances which characterise the sport will -doubtless enable faster times than the above to be made in the not far -distant future, and the records which we now behold with pardonable -pride may sink into comparative insignificance. - -The objection has been raised by many opponents of cycling that it is -of no practical value to mankind apart from the means it provides for -healthy recreation. This objection no longer exists. The tricycle is -now used extensively in many parts of the kingdom by professional men; -clergymen in particular are very partial to it; to the doctor it is -a positive boon, ay, and to the patient as well at times, for in an -emergency, the ready steed can be mounted at once, and no delay caused -by awakening drowsy coachmen and harnessing horses. A new description -of tricycle now enables enterprising tradesmen, notably news-agents, -grocers, and others whose wares are of a comparatively light nature, -to deliver their goods with more despatch than formerly; and the -Post-office authorities have been alive to the advantages offered by -this means of distribution by obtaining machines for rural districts -in connection with the Parcels Post and the delivery of letters. The -Inland Revenue Office by a recent order recognises the tricycle; and -the police in some of our colonies have used them for some time. These -facts plainly show that the tricycle has entered upon a new phase of -its existence, and that a noble and useful career undoubtedly awaits it. - -The ‘freemasonry of the wheel’ has been pushed on to a greater extent -than ever during the past year, and is a factor which undoubtedly -influences a large proportion of the British public. This is shown by -the increasing numbers of the Cyclists’ Touring Club, which increased -from seven to nearly twelve thousand during 1883, and promises to reach -even twenty thousand during the current year. The ladies are giving -their heartiest support, and are joining in large numbers; whilst -the movement offers so many attractions to all riders in providing -touring companions, hotels with fixed tariffs in nearly every town in -Great Britain and the continent, good-fellowship and congenial society -wherever the cyclist may happen to alight, and other advantages too -numerous to mention, that it includes in its roll many of the nobility -and gentry in all parts of the land, and is supported by some of the -highest dignitaries of the Church and members of the legal, medical, -military, and naval professions. - -Other great cycling institutions exist, which are rendering good -service to the general public in various ways, one notably in -calling attention to the decadence of our public roads since the old -coaching-days. In many parts of the country, main roads now exist that -are all but impassable to ordinary traffic; their deterioration may be -attributed mainly to the competition and monopolisation of the railways -in diverting the traffic that once passed over them. Their condition -is a misfortune to the public in general, and especially to the -inhabitants of the locality; for as good roads are certain to advance -the prosperity of a district, so bad ones have ever been considered an -indication of a backward state of civilisation. The local authorities -to whom the construction and maintenance of these roads have been -intrusted, are being aroused to a sense of their responsibility by -influentially and numerously attended meetings of persons interested -in cycling; the laws relating to the highways have been collected -and discussed, and many leading newspapers have given prominence to -the grievances vented at these assemblies. If the result should be -the amelioration of the condition of these highways, the thanks of -the general public will be due to the cyclists, and it will tend to -forge still stronger the link which is fast binding them into closer -fellowship. - -To many manufacturing towns, the rise of cycling has been a boon; -to one in particular, Coventry, it has proved perhaps the greatest -blessing that has ever befallen it. That ancient city was fast sinking -into absolute inertness through the falling-off of its staple trade; -it can now boast of being one of the most prosperous towns of the -midlands, with huge manufactories and busy hives of men sending forth -to the world those apparently delicate structures which are now in -such universal request. Other towns, such as Birmingham, London, -Wolverhampton, &c., sensibly feel the demands of the two hundred -thousand cyclists who are computed to be in Great Britain alone, and -the export trade of these towns is rapidly becoming greater in this -particular branch. The two and three wheeler have now penetrated -to nearly every part of the globe; they are no longer strangers to -the Russian, the Turk, and the Hindu; in Brazil, Australia, and New -Zealand, they make steady progress; and even the sacred land of the -Celestials is not free from their enchantments. This wide and general -dissemination of a sport which is essentially English, cannot fail to -be a source of the greatest gratification to those who so sturdily -fought for it and upheld it during the trials of its early existence. - - - - -SPRING IN THE ALLEY. - - - She stooped and told him that the Spring was born; - A ring of triumph in her fresh young voice; - For she, poor child, was in her life’s glad morn, - And the soft sunshine made her heart rejoice. - ‘Wert thou not longing for the Spring?’ she said; - But the pale sufferer sadly shook his head, - - And gazed with sunken eyes upon her face, - Till its pure beauty filled his soul with peace, - Then smoothed her locks, and in a fond embrace, - Clasping her slender form, he whispered: ‘Cease - To sing the praises of the young Spring flowers; - Child of the narrow court! they are not ours!’ - - O’er the despondent sufferer bending low, - Till her fair tresses swept his throbbing brow, - With tender glistening eyes, and cheeks aglow - With joy and hope, she softly told him how, - Not very far away, the golden bees - Wooed the white clusters of the hawthorn trees. - - She spoke of twittering birds, and raised her eyes, - Bright with the glory of poetic thought, - To the dark ceiling that shut out the skies, - And lowered upon her, as she vainly sought, - With words of loving sympathy, to cheer - The flickering life that suffering made so dear. - - For oh, that life, unlovely though it seemed, - Was the dear object of her fondest love; - Volumes of witching poesy she dreamed, - Morn, noon, and evening, as she bent above - His weary form, yet neither light nor bloom - Could tempt her footsteps from that dingy room. - - Oft, when she heard his hollow cough, she wept - In the still midnight—how it wrung her heart! - Yea, she could hear it even when she slept, - And often wakened with a feverish start, - Beseeching God, in many a tearful prayer, - To ease the pain that _she_ so longed to share. - - Blithely she carolled when the morning sun - Rose o’er the alley like a blushing bride; - Or grave and silent, like some meek-faced nun, - Plied she her needle by the sufferer’s side— - And oh, it was so sweet to toil for him - Till her hands trembled, and her eyes grew dim! - - Till from those weary hands her work would fall, - And her dim vision could distinguish nought - Save the black spiders crawling on the wall, - And the dead violets she herself had bought - With the few coppers she had stored away - From her poor scanty earnings day by day. - - For when before the market-stall she stood, - Her little purse clasped tightly in her hand, - She needs must purchase—for each dewy bud - Seemed like a messenger from fairyland; - And well her fine poetic fancy knew - The sheltered places where the violets grew. - - And when she raised them to her eager lips - With the pure rapture of a little child, - The dewdrops twinkled on their azure tips, - Till the young dreamer bent her face and smiled - With the sweet consciousness that they would bring - Into the meanest slum a breath of Spring. - - Returning home, her joyous footsteps fell - Like the soft patter of the summer rain; - And oh, _one_ weary sufferer knew it well, - And moaned a welcome from his bed of pain! - Close to his breast she crept, and kneeling there, - He twined the violets in her sunny hair. - - Charmed from his fretful mood, the sufferer laid - One thin white hand upon her worn gray dress; - ‘Dear child!’ he murmured, while the sunbeams played - At hide-and-seek amid each wandering tress, - ‘Withdraw the blind—let in the rosy morn; - _I_ too am grateful that the Spring is born!’ - - FANNY FORRESTER. - - * * * * * - -Printed and Published by W. & R. CHAMBERS, 47 Paternoster Row, LONDON, -and 339 High Street, EDINBURGH. - - * * * * * - -_All Rights Reserved._ - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 21, VOL. I, MAY 24, -1884 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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