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diff --git a/old/65696-0.txt b/old/65696-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 381c79a..0000000 --- a/old/65696-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2958 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. VIII, No. 366, -January 1, 1887, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. VIII, No. 366, January 1, 1887 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: June 25, 2021 [eBook #65696] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GIRL'S OWN PAPER, VOL. VIII, -NO. 366, JANUARY 1, 1887 *** - - - - -[Illustration: THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER - -VOL. VIII.—NO. 366. JANUARY 1, 1887. PRICE ONE PENNY.] - - - - -NEW YEAR’S GIFTS. - -BY MARY ROWLES. - - - “Oh, bonny New Year, pray tell me true, - While your birthday bells are ringing, - What beautiful work have you come to do? - How much of joy shall we find in you? - In your wallet of blessings, all fresh and new, - What fairy gifts are you bringing?” - - “For field and garden, asleep in the cold, - A wonderful store I carry, - Fresh robes for the snowdrops, first to unfold, - Pink ruffs for the daisies, fair to behold, - New cups for the crocuses, yellow as gold, - Wherein shall the sunbeams tarry. - - “The woods I will clothe in vestures bright, - Whose work shall be mine own doing, - Anemones there shall be found in white, - And bluebells ring by day and by night, - And girlies warble with new delight, - Old songs of loving and wooing!” - - “But what do you bring, oh blithe New Year, - To human sorrow and sadness?” - “For shrouded lives, an horizon clear, - For hearts that are desolate, friendship dear, - For midnight sufferers, starlight cheer, - And morrows of peace and gladness. - - “To those who have climbed when barely shod, - New guerdons for brave endeavour, - New flowers to bloom on the graveyard sod, - New visions of heavenly heights untrod, - Yea, the gifts I bring are the gifts of God, - And of love that shall last for ever!” - -[Illustration: “OLD SONGS.”] - -_All rights reserved._] - - - - -MERLE’S CRUSADE. - -BY ROSA NOUCHETTE CAREY, Author of “Aunt Diana,” “For Lilias,” etc. - - -CHAPTER XII. - -GAY CHERITON. - -I was afraid Mrs. Markham did not understand children. Nothing would -induce Reggie to let her kiss him; he beat her off in his usual -fashion, with a sulky “go, go,” and hid his face on my shoulder. I -could see this vexed her immensely, for she had praised his beauty in -most extravagant terms. - -Joyce listened with a perplexed expression on her face. - -“Have you ever seed an angel, Aunt Adda?” this being her childish -abbreviation of Adelaide. - -“Dear me, nurse! how badly the child speaks. She is more than six -years old, you say. Why my Rolf is only seven, and speaks beautifully! -What did you say, Joyce?”—very sharply—“seen an angel? What unhealthy -nonsense to put into a child’s head! This comes of new-fangled ideas -on your mother’s part”—with a glance in my direction. “No, child! of -course not. No one has seen an angel.” - -Joyce looked so shocked at this that I hastened to interpret Mrs. -Markham’s speech. - -“No one sees angels now, Joyce; not as the good people in the Bible -used to see them; perhaps we are not good enough. But what put angels -into your head, my dear?” - -“Only Aunt Adda said Reggie was like an angel, and I thought she had -seed one. What is a cherub, nurse, dear? Something good to eat?” - -I saw a smile hovering on Mrs. Markham’s thin lips. Evidently she -found Joyce amusing, but just then a loud peevish voice was distinctly -audible in the passage. - -“Mother, mother, I say! Go away, Juddy, I tell you. You are a nasty -disagreeable old cat—and I will go to mother”—this accompanied by -ominous kicks. - -I signed to Hannah to take the children into the adjoining room. It was -Reggie’s bedtime, and Joyce was tired with her journey. The door was -scarcely closed upon them before the same violent kicking was heard -against the nursery door. - -“It is only Rolf. I am afraid he is very cross,” observed Mrs. Markham, -placidly, shivering a little after the fashion of people who have lived -in India, as she moved away from the open window, and drew a lace scarf -round her. “Judson is such a bad manager. She never does contrive to -amuse him, or keep him quiet.” - -“He will frighten Reggie,” I remonstrated, for she did not offer to -stop the noise, and I went quickly to the door. - -There was a regular scuffle going on in the passage. A little boy in -Highland dress was endeavouring to escape from a young woman, who was -holding him back from the door with some difficulty. - -“Master Rolf—Master Rolf, what will your mamma say? You will make her -head ache, and then you will be sorry.” - -“I shan’t be a bit sorry, Juddy, I tell you! I will go in, and——” Here -he stopped and stared up in my face. He was a pale, sickly-looking -child, rather plain, as Miss Cheriton had said, but he had beautiful -grey eyes, only they were sparkling with anger. The young woman who -held him by the arm had a thin, careworn face—probably her post was a -harassing one, with an exacting mistress and that spoilt boy. - -“Who are you?” demanded the boy, rudely. - -“I am Miss Fenton, the nurse,” I returned. “Your little cousins are -just going to bed, and I cannot have that noise to disturb them.” - -“I shall kick again, unless you let me come in and see them.” - -“For shame, Master Rolf. Whatever makes you so naughty to-night?” - -“I mean to be naughty. Hold your stupid old tongue, Juddy. You are a -silly woman. That is what mother calls you. I am a gentleman, and shall -be naughty if I like. Now then, Mrs. Nurse, may I come in?” - -“Not to-night, Master Rolf. To-morrow, if you are good.” - -“Nurse,” interrupted Mrs. Markham’s voice, behind me, “I do not -know what right you have to exclude my boy. Let him come in and bid -good-night to his cousins. You will behave prettily, Rolf, will you -not?” - -One look at the surly face before me made me incredulous of any pretty -behaviour on Rolf’s part. I knew Joyce was a nervous child, and easily -frightened, and already the loud voices were upsetting Reggie. I could -hear him crying, in spite of Hannah’s coaxing. I felt I must be firm. -The nursery was my private domain. I was determined Rolf should not -cross the threshold to-night. - -“Excuse me, Mrs. Markham,” I returned quickly, “I cannot have the -children disturbed at bedtime; it is against Mrs. Morton’s rules. -Master Rolf may pay us a visit to-morrow, if he be good”—laying a -stress on _good_—“but I cannot admit him to-night.” - -She looked at me with haughty incredulity. - -“I consider this very impertinent,” she muttered, half to herself. But -Judson must have heard her. - -“Come with me, Rolf darling. Never mind about your cousins. I daresay -we shall find something nice downstairs,” and she held out her hand to -him, but he pushed it away. - -“Bring him to the drawing-room, Judson,” she said, coolly, not at all -discomposed by his rudeness; but I could see my firmness had offended -her. She would not soon forgive my excluding Rolf. - -Rolf waited till she was out of sight, and then he recommenced his -kicks. I exchanged a glance with Judson; her harassed face seemed to -appeal to me for help. - -“Master Rolf,” I said, indignantly, “you call yourself a gentleman, but -you are acting like an ill-tempered baby, and I shall treat you like -one,” and to his intense astonishment I lifted him off the ground, and, -being pretty strong, managed to carry him, in spite of his kicks and -pinches, down to the hall, followed by Judson. Probably he had never -been so summarily dealt with, for his kicks diminished as we descended -the stairs; and I left him on the hall mat, looking rather subdued and -ashamed of himself. - -I had gained my point, but I felt out of heart as I went back to the -nursery. I had entered the house prejudiced against Mrs. Markham, and -our first interview had ended badly. My conscience justified me in my -refusal to admit Rolf; but all the same, I felt I had made Mrs. Markham -my enemy. Her cold eyes had measured me superciliously from the first -moment. Very probably she disapproved of my appearance. With women of -this calibre—cold, critical, and domineering—poor gentlewomen would -have a chance of being sent to the wall. - -When the children were asleep I seated myself rather disconsolately by -the low nursery window. Hannah had been summoned to the housekeeper’s -room to see her sister Molly, and had left me alone. - -I felt too tired and dispirited to settle to my work or book; besides, -it was a shame to shut out the moonlight. The garden seemed transformed -into a fairy scene. A broad silvery pathway stretched across the park; -curious shadows lurked under the elms; an indescribable stillness and -peace seemed to pervade everything; the flowers and birds were asleep; -nothing stirred but a night moth, stretching its dusky wings in the -scented air, and in the distance the soft wash of waves against the -shore. - -I laid my head against the window frame, and let the summer breeze -blow over my face, and soon forgot my worries in a long, delicious -day-dream. Were my thoughts foolish, I wonder!—mere cobwebs of girls’ -fancies woven together with moonbeams and rose scents! - -“A girl’s imagination,” as Aunt Agatha once said, “resembles an -unbroken colt, that must be disciplined and trained, or it will run -away with her.” I have a notion that my Pegasus soared pretty high and -far that night. I imagined myself an old woman with wrinkles and grey -hair, and cap border that seemed to touch my face, and I was sitting -alone by a fire reviewing my past life. “It has not been so long, after -all,” I thought; “with the day’s work came the day’s strength. The -manna pot was never empty, and never overflowed. Who is it said, ‘Life -is just a patchwork?’ I have read it somewhere. I like that idea. ‘How -badly the children sew in their little bits—a square here and a star -there. We work better as we go on.’ Yes, that queer comparison is true. -The beauty and intricacy of the pattern seem to engross our interest as -the years go on. When rest-time comes we fold up our work. Well done or -badly done, there will be no time for unpicking false stitches then. -Shall I be satisfied with my life’s work, I wonder? Will death be to me -only the merciful nurse that call us to rest?” - -“Why, Miss Fenton, are you asleep? I have knocked and knocked until I -was tired.” - -I started up in some confusion. Had I fallen asleep, I wonder? for -there was Miss Cheriton standing near me, with an oddly-shaped Roman -lamp in her hand, and there was a gleam of fun in her eyes, as though -she were pleased to catch me napping. - -“You must have been tired,” she said, smiling. “The room looked quite -eerie as I entered it, with streaks of moonlight everywhere. Dinner -is just over, and I slipped away to see if you are comfortable. I am -afraid you are rather dull.” - -But I would not allow that, for what business has a nurse to be subject -to moods like idle people? but I could not deny that it was very -pleasant to see Miss Cheriton. She was certainly very pretty—a good -type of a fresh, healthy, happy English girl, and there is nothing -in the world to equal that. The creamy Indian muslin gown suited her -perfectly, and so did the knot of crimson roses and maidenhair, against -the full white throat; and the small head, with its coil of dark shiny -hair, was almost classical in its simplicity. A curious idea came to me -as I looked at her. She reminded me of a picture I had seen of one of -the ten virgins—ready or unready, I wonder which! The bright-speaking -face, the festive garb, the quaint lamp, recalled to me the figure in -the foreground, but in a moment the vague image faded away. - -“How I wonder what you do with yourself in the evening, when the -children are asleep!” observed Gay, glancing at me curiously. Then, as -I looked surprised at that, she continued, sitting down beside me in -the window-seat, in the most friendly way imaginable: - -“Oh, Violet has told me all about you. I am quite interested, I assure -you. I know you are not just an ordinary nurse, but have taken up the -work from terribly good motives. Now I like that; it interests me -dreadfully to see people in earnest, and yet I am never in earnest -myself.” - -“I shall find it difficult to believe that, Miss Cheriton.” - -“Oh, please don’t call me Miss Cheriton; I am Miss Gay to everyone. -People never think me quite grown-up, in spite of my nineteen years. -Adelaide treats me like a child, and father makes a pet of me. By the -bye, you have contrived to offend Adelaide. Now, don’t look shocked—I -think you were quite right. Rolf is insufferable; but you see no one -has mastered him before.” - -“I was very sorry to contradict Mrs. Markham, but I am obliged to be -so careful of Joyce—she is so nervous and excitable; I should not have -liked her to see Rolf in that passion.” - -“Of course you were quite right; I am glad you acted as you did; but -you see Rolf is his mother’s idol—her ‘golden image,’ and she expects -us all to bow down to him. Rolf can be a nice little fellow when he is -not in his tantrums; but he is fearfully mismanaged, and so he is more -of a plague than a pleasure to us.” - -“What a pity!” I observed; but Gay broke into a laugh at my grave face. - -“Yes, but it cannot be helped, and his mother will have to answer for -it. He will be a horribly disagreeable man when he grows up, as I tell -Adelaide when I want to make her cross. Don’t trouble yourself about -Rolf, Miss Fenton; we shall all forgive you if you do box his ears.” - -“But I should not forgive myself,” I returned, smiling; “the blow -would do Rolf more harm than good.” But she shrugged her shoulders and -changed the subject, chattering to me a little while about the house -and the garden, and her several pets, treating me just as though she -felt I was a girl of her own age. - -“It is nice to have someone in the house to whom one can talk,” she -said at last, very frankly; “Adelaide is so much older, and our -tastes do not agree. Now, though you are so dreadfully sensible and -matter-of-fact, I like what I have heard of you from Violet, and I mean -to come and talk to you very often. I told Adelaide that it was an -awfully plucky thing of you to do; for of course we can see in a moment -you have not been used to this sort of thing.” - -“All dependent positions have their peculiar trials,” I replied. -“I am beginning to think that in some ways my lot is superior to -many governesses. Perhaps I am more isolated, but I gain largely in -independence. I live alone, perhaps, but then no one interferes with -me.” - -“Don’t be too sure of that when Adelaide is in the house.” - -“The work is full of interest,” I continued, warming to my subject, as -Gay’s face wore an expression of intelligent curiosity and sympathy. -“The children grow, and one’s love grows also. It is beautiful to watch -the baby natures developing, like seedlings, in the early summer; it -is not only ministering to their physical wants, a nurse has higher -work than that. Forgive me if I am wearying you,” breaking off from my -subject with manifest effort, “one must not ride a hobby to death, and -this is my hobby.” - -“You are a strange girl,” she said, slowly, looking at me with large -puzzled eyes. “I did not know before that girls could be so dreadfully -in earnest, but I like to listen to you. I am afraid my life will shock -you, Miss Fenton; not that I do any harm—oh, no harm at all—only I am -always amusing myself. Life is such a delicious thing, you see, and we -cannot be young for ever.” - -“Surely it is not wrong to amuse yourself.” - -“Not wrong, perhaps,” with a little laugh; “but I lead a butterfly -existence, and yet I am always busy, too. How is one to find time for -reading and improving oneself or working for the poor, when there are -all my pets to feed, and the flower vases to fill, and the bees and -the garden; and in the afternoon I ride with father; and there is -tennis, or archery or boating; and in the evening if I did not sing to -him—well, he would be so dull, for Adelaide always reads to herself; -and if I do not sing I talk to him, or play at chess; and then there is -no time for anything; and so the days go on.” - -“Miss Gay, I do not consider you are leading a perfectly useless life,” -I observed, when she had finished. - -“Not useless; but look at Violet’s life beside mine.” - -“In my opinion your sister works too much; she is using up health and -energy most recklessly. Perhaps you might do more with your time, but -it cannot be a useless life if you are your father’s companion. By your -own account you ride with him, sing to him, and talk to him. This may -be your work as much as being a nurse is mine.” - -“You are very merciful in your judgment,” she said, with a crisp laugh, -as she rose from the window-seat. “What a strange conversation we have -had! What would Adelaide have thought of it! She is always scolding me -for being irresponsible and wasting time, and even father calls me his -‘humming bird.’ You have comforted me a little, though I must confess -my conscience endorses their opinion. Good night, Miss Fenton. Violet -calls you Merle, does she not? and it is such a pretty name. The other -sounds dreadfully stiff.” And she took up her lamp and left the room, -humming a Scotch ballad as she went, leaving me to take up my neglected -work, and ponder over our conversation. - -“Were they right in condemning her as a frivolous idler?” I wondered; -but I knew too little of Gay Cheriton to answer that question. Only in -creation one sees beautiful butterflies and humming birds as well as -working bees. All are not called upon to labour. A happy few live in -the sunshine, like gauzy-winged insects in the ambient air. Surely to -cultivate cheerfulness; to be happy with innocent happiness; to love -and minister to those we love, may be work of another grade. We must be -careful not to point out our own narrow groove as the general footway. -The All-Father has diversity of work for us to do, and all is not of -the same pattern. - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -HERALDRY, HISTORICALLY AND PRACTICALLY CONSIDERED. - - -The world-wide existence and remote antiquity of heraldic -insignia—before heraldry emerged from its infancy, and developed into -a science—is an established fact. To enter exhaustively into this -branch of my subject, its historic and artistic interest, and valuable -practical uses; its institution by Divine ordinance; together with its -various accessories—comprising war-cries, badges, mottoes, seals, and -devices—would demand far more space than could be allocated in a weekly -magazine. - -Some of my readers, it may be, will inquire, “What is Heraldry?” and -lest this should be the case, I must commence by stating that it is the -practice, art, or science of recording genealogies, the blazoning of -arms or ensigns armorial, and all that relates to the marshalling of -state ceremonies, processions, and cavalcades; the devising, also, of -suitable arms and badges for families, guilds, cities, and regiments. -This brief explanation supplied to the uninitiated, we may enter at -once on the historical department. - -The antiquity of distinctive badges and ensigns dates back, as I -have premised, to long-ago ages of the world. No exact period can be -assigned to their first adoption by Eastern nations; from whence the -custom spread to the West. It would appear that in the first instance -only nations, or tribes of one and the same people, distinguished -themselves by special emblems displayed on their banners; although -certain princes and warriors adopted personal devices. In later times, -such distinctions were granted to families likewise, as hereditary -honours, in reward for chivalrous service rendered to their country. -Such rewards were more esteemed by many than gifts of money or lands, -as they sacrificed life or limb as patriots, and needed no pecuniary -compensation. - -And here I must draw attention to the fact that the granting of such -rewards for distinguished service as should commemorate that service -for all generations, and confer hereditary honour on the hero’s -descendants, was, in its character, in accordance with the just and -liberal dispensations of the All-wise Himself. He is “a rewarder of -them that do well;” and while visiting the sins of the fathers upon the -children, unto the third and fourth generation, He “shows mercy unto -thousands in them that love Him.” To such He says: “The promises are to -you, and to your children” (Acts ii. 39), because “they are the seed -of the blessed of the Lord; and their offspring with them” (Isa. lxv. -23)—a clear case of hereditary blessing; for, “as touching election,” -we are told “they are beloved for the fathers’ sakes.” Duly considering -the Divine example, it seems to me that ample precedent exists for the -reward of well-doing in a man’s descendants; more especially as, in -most cases, those commemorative rewards exist in a title only, or an -escutcheon on his seal. - -[Illustration: A TOURNAMENT.] - -We return now to our historical data, in reference to the infancy of -the art in question. Those who are acquainted with the classics will -find many references to the use of heraldic emblems before that use was -reduced to a complete and perfect science. According to Herodotus, the -Carians were the first who put crests upon their helmets and sculptured -devices on their shields. These Carians inhabited a country in the -south-west angle of Asia Minor, of which Halicarnassus was the capital -and Miletus its rival—both famous cities of antiquity. The princes of -Caria reigned under Persian protection, but the kingdom was annexed to -Rome about 129 years before Christ. Herodotus further observes that -Sophanes “bare on his shield, as a device, an anchor,” and Tacitus -speaks of the standard, eagles, and other ensigns in use of the Romans. -Xenophon, also, says that the Median kings bore on their shields the -representation of a golden eagle. The Greeks adopted crests from the -Carians, and had flags adorned with images of animals, or other devices -bearing a peculiar and distinctive relation to the cities to which -they belonged. For instance, the Athenians chose an owl, that bird -being sacred to the goddess Minerva, the patron and protector of their -city, while the Thebans were represented by a sphinx, in memory of the -monster overcome by Œdipus. The emblem of Persia was the sun, of the -Romans an eagle; the Teutonic invaders of England bore a horse on their -standards, and the Norsemen a raven. - -The figure-heads on the prows of our own ships owe their origin to -the times of the Phœnicians and Bœtians, who distinguished theirs by -a figure of one of their gods, being thenceforth the tutelar god and -protector of the vessel. Thebes was the principal city of Bœtia; and -their tutelar divinity, Cadmus, having been the founder of that city, -was represented on their flags, having a dragon in his hand. They also -used flags to distinguish one ship from another, which were placed in -the prow or stern; and these were sometimes painted to represent a -flower, tree, or mountain; and the names of the vessels were taken from -the devices respectively portrayed upon them. - -Before our system of heraldry was organised, even in a yet imperfect -degree, we read that the ancient British kings, Brute, Lud, Bladud, -and others, all assumed their respective insignia. Brute bore on a -golden shield a “Lion rampant gules, charged on the neck and shoulder -with three crowns in pale.” Camber, another British monarch, bore on a -silver shield two lions passant gardant, gules. - -Even to this day, the descendants of the British Prince Cadogan-ap-Elystan -bear the arms of their warrior ancestors—“gules, a lion rampant -regardant or,” and combined with them the badge of the three Saxon -chiefs (brothers), _i.e._ “three boars’ heads couped sable, on a silver -field”—which chiefs he slew in battle with his own hand. - -In the same way, the Saxons, who succeeded, and partially exterminated -our ancient British ancestors, are still memorialised by the badges of -their thanes; and later on, the Normans—so reputed in the annals of -chivalry—were all individually distinguished by their armorial bearings. - -As time went on, ripening all arts and sciences—or is supposed to do -so—heraldry began to develop, and to be regulated by certain rules -under State control, and the spirit of chivalry, that grew with the -institution of the crusades, jousts, and tournaments, may be credited -with that development. The English knights under Cœur de Lion, and -the French under Philip Augustus, wore emblazoned shields; and such -of my readers who may visit the Museum at Versailles may see a fine -collection of those worn by the crusaders, arranged in proper order. -There are (or were some thirty years ago) no less than 74 of these -“_écussons_,” which belonged to “_seigneurs les plus illustrés et les -plus puissants_,” including those of our lion-hearted king, and Philip -Augustus, before named. These all date from the first Crusade, in -1095, down to the time of Philip “le Hardi,” 1270. But, over and above -these emblazoned shields, once used by the grandest examples of Middle -Age chivalry, the visitor to this museum will find some 240 others, -bearing heraldic insignia worn by crusaders of less exalted rank than -the illustrious personages better known to fame comprised in the -seventy-four first-named. The better to appreciate such an exhibition, -the student should previously acquaint herself with the curious and -charming “Chronicles of Froissart,” than which no romance could ever -prove half as interesting, and certainly not as desirable for study, -being a faithful and graphic history of those warlike times. - -To obtain an appreciable idea of a field prepared for a tournament, we -refer the reader to the eighth chapter of Sir Walter Scott’s “Ivanhoe.” -The picture he gives of the scene is worth notice. Imagine the gay -pavilions ranged side by side, and the arms of the several knights, -emblazoned on their shields, suspended before the entrance of each and -guarded by their squires, the latter being curiously attired, according -to his lord’s particular fancy. Then picture to yourselves the knights, -armed _cap-à-pie_, mounted on splendidly caparisoned chargers, and -riding up and down the lines, and the whole field glittering with arms -and bright with gorgeous banners. - -But perhaps some reader may say, “_Cui bono?_ What a vain exhibition -and useless expenditure of money!” Nay, such condemnation is scarcely -just. In those half-civilised, warlike times danger threatened the -country on every side, at home and abroad, and at any unexpected -moment; and such practice in the science of arms and reviews of the -efficiency of the knights and leaders of our armies were absolutely -essential. Even in our own day it is a thoroughly well recognised fact -that such a terrible service as that of arms needs all the external -attraction with which it can possibly be invested to induce volunteers -to enter its ranks. Were there no band, no uniform, no decorations nor -rewards for gallantry in prospect, thousands who, when face to face -with the enemy, would give their lives for their country without a -moment’s hesitation, would be revolted if, in the first instance and -in cold blood, they were invited to dress in a butcher’s apron, and -were presented with a mallet or cleaver. But these few reflections may -suffice in reply to objectors, and we will return to the history under -review. - -It was not until the latter end of the twelfth century, about the time -of Philip le Hardi, that the science of mediæval armory developed into -a system. In the thirteenth century it had gained in growth and in -favour, the uses of the art being more fully recognised. Thus, under -the reign of Henry III. a regular system, classification, and technical -language of its own were devised and organised. - -The earliest heraldic roll of arms actually still existing is dated at -the time of Henry III. It is a copy, of which the original was compiled -(according to Sir Harris Nicholas) between the years 1240 and 1249, and -the regular armorial bearings of the king, princes of the blood, chief -barons, and knights of England were correctly blazoned. Moreover, most -of the principal terms in use in the present perfected state of the -art are to be found on this roll. A second of the same period still -exists, comprising nearly seven hundred coats of arms, besides other -and similar heraldic records, which are likewise preserved to this -day, belonging to the several reigns of the first, second, and third -Edwards and of Richard II. It appears that the right to bear arms was -inaugurated at some time in or about the reign of Henry II. - -In the reign of Henry V. a registry of armorial bearings was -inaugurated, rendered essential for the avoidance of confusion and the -just settlement of disputations; but the incorporation of the officers -of this College of Arms by royal charter was granted in 1483 by Richard -III. The several titles and duties of these officers shall be duly -recorded in another part of this series; for to the apparent origin and -antiquity of heraldic insignia, and the gradual development of their -use into a science, I must for the present confine my attention. - -Cold Harbour was the name of the mansion allocated to the heralds -as soon as incorporated into a college. It was erected between -Blackfriars and St. Paul’s Wharf by Sir John Poulteney, who was four -times elected Lord Mayor of London. This mansion was successively known -as York Inn, Poulteney’s Inn, and thirdly as Cold Harbour. In the reign -of Mary I. she removed the college to Derby House, previously the -palace of the Stanleys, and bestowed it on them by charter, Dethick -being Garter King-of-Arms at that time. This ancient building stood -on St. Benet’s Hill, and was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, -A.D. 1666; but the valuable records were all saved and conveyed to -Whitehall, Charles II. sending his private carriages for the purpose. -Thither also the heralds removed and continued to reside until upon -the original site the present college was erected. Of this building -Sir Christopher Wren was the architect, the north-western portion -having been built at his own expense by Dugdale. It was constructed -in the form of a quadrangle, but the formation of a new street caused -the removal of the southern side, and the form was changed. To obtain -further particulars respecting this interesting institution and all -its treasures we recommend a visit to the college, if the means of -admission can be procured through acquaintance with some one of the -officers connected with it. - -So far I have given a brief account of the remote origin and growth of -heraldry. I now proceed to name a few of the leading uses claimed for -armorial insignia, and still further for the institution of a regularly -organised system in connection with them under the authority of the -State. - -In the first place, when a knight was encased in armour and wore (as -the hand-to-hand warfare of the times necessitated) a visor to protect -the face, it became equally essential that some external sign should -identify him as a friend or foe and distinguish him as a leader and the -lord of his special retainers and squires. Thus the rewards granted -in the form of heraldic escutcheons emblazoned on his shield, and the -crest that surmounted his helmet identified him, and even in the thick -of a close encounter, when the shield might be hidden from view, the -crest could be seen and his identity recognised. - -Thus, likewise, the standards used by the conflicting hosts served to -distinguish at a distant point of view the friendly or hostile forces -one from the other, whence the shields and crests would have been -indistinguishable. To those individually engaged in mortal combat, -and to the countries whose woe or weal hung on the issue of a battle, -the usefulness of employing emblazoned standards and shields and the -wearing of crests was sufficiently self-evident. - -Again, amongst the uses of heraldry, as at present existing and -developed into a science, I may name the service rendered to private -families by the records preserved, the investigation of claims to -property, the identification of relationships, and finding of next of -kin; the distinguishing between one branch of a family from another, -proved by some trifling differences in the arms they respectively -bear, or in the crests or mottoes; usurpation of arms and titles, and -unjust pretensions to the privileges due only to legitimacy, to the -injury of real heirs—all these are rights or evils which the College of -Heralds alone is in a position to investigate, prove and maintain, or -expose and frustrate, respectively. Such public services as these, not -confined to the titled or untitled aristocracy, nor even to the upper -commoners of the country, but available to all classes when seeking -relationships, and through relationships property, or when searching -for registries of births, deaths, or marriages—such public services as -these, I say, ought surely to be duly recognised by all. - -Lastly, so long as public pageants and processions continue to -exist—no less interesting and attractive to the poorer spectator than -to the great personages that are fêted—so long as there are royal -presentations, investitures with orders of knighthood, coronations, and -grand State ceremonies to be conducted, and processions marshalled in -suitable order—just so long the offices of the College of Heralds will -be essential to the requirements of the State and country. - -And now I have reached the last part of my subject with which this, my -first chapter, has to deal, _i.e._, that in its broad features heraldry -is supported by the highest possible authority. The formation of -pedigrees, the use of emblematic signs and figures, and of emblazoned -standards, as distinctive badges, was not merely permitted, but was -Divinely ordained. To many customs of the world around them the “elect -people of God” were forbidden to conform. In the case in question it -was otherwise. - -In proof of this assertion, let me refer the reader to the Book of -Numbers, chap. i., 2, 18, 52. There we read as follows: “Take ye the -sum of all the congregations of the children of Israel, after their -families, by the house of their father, with the number of their -names.” “And they declared their pedigrees, after their families, by -the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names.” -“And the children of Israel shall pitch their tents, every man by his -own camp, and every man by his own standard, throughout their hosts.” -Again, in the same book, chap. ii., 2, 34, we read thus: “Every man of -the children of Israel shall pitch by his own standard, with the ensign -of their father’s house.” “And the children of Israel did according to -all that the Lord commanded Moses; so they pitched by their standards, -and so they set forward; everyone after their families, according to -the house of their fathers.” - -What some of these several standards represented, so as to distinguish -one tribe from another, we have not far to seek, although we have no -data whereby to determine the devices of the several families they -each comprised. Jacob, the patriarch and father of these elect tribes, -allocates to each its fitting symbol. To ascertain what these were -I refer the reader to the blessing he gave them when his pilgrimage -was rapidly drawing to its close. (See Gen. xlix. 10, 13, 14, 17, -19, 20, 21, 22, 27.) Some of the tribes had two emblems, as in the -case of Judah—a lion and a sceptre (or kingly crown)—and Joseph—a -bunch of grapes and a bow—these two sons of the patriarch inheriting -respectively the birthright and the blessing. Other emblems of a -representative character were attributed to these Hebrew tribes by -Moses also, for which I refer the reader to Deut. xxxiii. - -In my next chapter I propose to enter on what is designated the -“grammar of heraldry,” and without further taxing the reader’s -patience, I now take my leave. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE BRIDE’S FIRST DINNER PARTY. - -BY PHILLIS BROWNE, Author of “The Girl’s Own Cookery Book.” - - -A certain young lady, a member of The Girl’s Own Cookery Class (in -other words, an individual who has educated herself in cookery, with -the assistance of articles published in this journal), was married a -few weeks ago. Her husband is an exceedingly good fellow, and holds -a salaried position in a mercantile establishment. He has plenty of -common sense and energy, and, if all goes well, he will make his way; -but at the present moment he is not very well off. He has, however, -managed to save enough to furnish the small home very prettily and very -well, while his wife has received from her father a handsome trousseau, -a good supply of house linen of every sort and kind, and a good many -odds and ends of things. Besides this, the young couple, having a large -circle of friends, have been presented with a considerable number of -wedding presents. - -Young beginners in these days are really very fortunate; for they get -so much friendly help in starting life. It very much simplifies matters -if, just as one has arrived at the conclusion that a dinner service is -imperatively required, but that the money for purchasing the same is -not immediately forthcoming, a knock is heard at the door, and a box is -brought in containing a handsome dinner service of the newest pattern -and latest fashion, as a small proof of the affection of a friend. The -young people now referred to have been most lucky in this way. They -must have received scores of presents, all useful, all judiciously -chosen, and with only two duplicates, which were speedily exchanged -for something else. That delightful Parcel Post has been a messenger -of good fortune to them. Pretty things for the table have arrived in -profusion; ornaments, pictures, silver, glass, china, cutlery have -appeared upon the scene as if by magic; and the result of it all is -that the home of this newly-wedded pair is as thoroughly well appointed -all the way through as anyone need wish a home to be. - -The routine of married life in these days is first the wedding day, -then the honeymoon, and then any amount of visiting—dinner parties and -supper parties without limit. Old-fashioned individuals may disapprove -of this, and say that it would be better for the newly-wedded to -settle down quietly, look at life from a serious standpoint, read -improving books aloud to each other in the evenings, and save up -every available halfpenny for a future rainy day. Without doubt, the -old-fashioned individuals are right; but, unfortunately, few young -married people see as they do. Experience is the great teacher, and -its lessons can never be learnt by proxy. These young people have not -yet been to that school. They have their charming home, their many -friends, their limited income, and their pretty table appliances; and -the question has now arisen—How shall they entertain their friends? -They plume themselves on being prudent; they have no wish to run into -extravagance, and they have no thought of entertaining everyone whom -they know; but they are hospitably inclined, and they have deliberately -arrived at the conclusion that there are one or two special friends -whom they must invite, and whom they must make a little fuss over. The -result of it all has been the bride’s first dinner party. - -When first the subject of an entertainment was mooted, the young bride, -whom we will call Mabel, was much exercised as to whether it would be -wiser to have high tea or dinner. There was much to be said in favour -of both. With high tea it was possible to have everything cold, and -put on the table all at once, and this would enable the mistress to see -the table laid, and be sure that everything was right before the guests -arrived, a consideration not to be disregarded where there was only one -little maid, and that one only eighteen, though clever for her age. -The bride thought of the anxiety which she would have to go through -if there were to be an awful pause between the courses, and then Emma -were to come to her side and say, “Please, mum, the pudding won’t turn -out!” What should she do? Then too, high tea was quieter, and less -pretentious, and the young housekeeper had no desire to make a display -beyond her means. On the other hand, dinner would be pleasanter; and, -best of all, it would furnish an occasion for bringing out all the -pretty presents, the bright silver, the exquisite glass, the artistic -table ornaments, the elegant dinner and dessert services. Where was -the good of being possessed of all these treasures if they were always -to be kept locked up in a cupboard? With these presents a dinner-table -could be laid out so effectively that the food would be quite a minor -detail. Besides, “the master” preferred dinner. In his bachelor days -he had been accustomed to dine on leaving business, and had learnt to -regard high tea as a nondescript sort of meal, only to be accepted as -a painful discipline when it could not well be avoided. Of course, the -master’s likes and dislikes counted for a good deal with the mistress, -and dinner was almost decided upon. But then came the question, “Which -meal would be the more expensive of the two?” Expense was the chief -consideration after all. Everything had to be paid for with ready -money, and a committee of two of ways and means had decided that a -sovereign must cover all expenses apart from beverages. There were to -be six guests, eight in all with master and mistress; could the thing -be done for £1 sterling? The young lady was doubtful. - -At this stage of the cogitation, a double knock was heard, and in a -minute or two the maid, young but clever for her age, came up and -announced that Mrs. Jones had called to see Mrs. Smith. Amy Jones! -exactly the person to consult. Amy was an old school-mate of the -bride’s, had been married a couple of years ago, enjoyed almost the -same yearly income, and deserved the reputation of having arrived at -Dora Greenwell’s idea of perfection; that is, she had, up to this -point, not merely made both ends meet, but made them tie over in a -handsome bow. Yet she had been hospitable, too. A person of such -abundant experience would be sure to know what was best. - -“Amy, if you were in my place, which should you decide upon, a high tea -or a small dinner?” - -“You have begun to consider the claims of hospitality, have you, Mabel! -What is your maid like?” - -“She is a very good little girl, and she does her best, but she is very -slow. If all goes on quietly, she manages excellently, but if she were -to be flurried, I do not know what would happen.” - -“That’s bad,” remarked experienced Amy Jones. - -“Yet she means well, and really does her best,” continued the young -mistress, anxiously eager to defend her first domestic. “She can cook -plain dishes fairly, and is interested in her work. If I tell her a -thing, she never forgets.” - -“That’s good; almost good enough to make up for the slowness. Can she -wait?” - -“Not properly. She can bring dishes and plates into the room and take -them out again quickly, but that is almost the extent of her power; she -could not hand round dishes or remain in the room during a dinner to be -a credit or help. If we were to decide on dinner, don’t you think you -would hire a waitress if you were me?” - -“If you want my advice, dear, I should say, decidedly, do nothing of -the kind. It would be an exhibition of effort which would involve -pretence, and the slightest pretence would be a mistake. Whatever you -do, don’t go beyond the resources of your own modest establishment. At -present, all your friends know exactly what your position is; they will -respect you if you make the best of it, but if you seem to wish to go -beyond it they will begin to criticise, while the people you care for -most will blame you.” - -“Then you would give up all thought of dinner?” - -“I don’t say so. Why should you not have a small dinner? Prepare -everything yourself, altogether dispense with regular waiting, show -Emma exactly what she has to do, and let her do her best. Supposing -there should be a little _contretemps_, never mind; laugh at it, and -your friends will laugh with you. They will only say that you are -inexperienced. If all should go well, how pleased your husband will be! -You are sure you don’t mind the trouble?” - -“Mind the trouble! I like it. I think it is fun. I am only uneasy about -the expense.” - -“Well, dear, I should say that high tea, though less troublesome, -is quite as expensive as dinner. We can easily ascertain the truth, -however. Let us take paper and pencil, and draw up a statement of the -cost of both. We will begin with the high tea. I suppose we are to take -it for granted that you must have something extra? It would not do to -have a thoroughly simple meal.” - -“Oh, no. If we ask six people on such an occasion, we must make a sort -of feast. Let me think. You put the items down as I decide on them. We -might have a lobster salad, a couple of boiled fowls with egg sauce, -a beefsteak and oyster pie, a strawberry cream, a jelly of some sort, -a few tarts and cheesecakes, some fruit and fancy biscuits. Then, of -course, tea and coffee and thin bread and butter, brown and white. That -would do well enough. We could not well have less.” - -“A very excellent menu, indeed,” said Amy, while a rather amused look -passed over her face. “What do you suppose it will cost?” - -“I don’t know,” said Mabel. “You cast it out and see. You understand -prices better than I do.” - -For a while there was silence, and nothing was heard but the scratching -of a pencil. Then Amy read aloud:—“Lobster salad, 3s. 3d.; boiled fowls -and egg sauce, 7s. 11d.” - -“Oh, dear!” said Mabel. - -“Well, you see, it is spring, and fowls are dear in the spring. I do -not suppose you could get a fine pair for less than 3s. 6d. each. -Beefsteak and oyster pie, 5s.; strawberry cream (made with your own -jam), 1s. 8d.; orange jelly, 1s. 4d.; tarts and cheesecakes we will -calculate roughly at 1s. 4d.; a little fruit, 2s.; tea and coffee (say -2d. per person), 1s. 4d.; bread and butter, 2s. Altogether say £1 5s. -10d.” - -“That will never do,” said Mabel. “We must take something away.” - -“For one thing, you might take the tarts and cheesecakes. Surely they -are not necessary.” - -“One wants a little trifle of the sort to conclude the meal,” said -Mabel. - -“Then make jam sandwich. I can give you a simple recipe, by following -which you can produce a dishful for less than sixpence.” - -“Thanks. But that will not make matters right. We must reduce much more -than that.” - -“Suppose that before doing so we draw up a dinner, and see what we can -make of that. I will furnish the menu this time.” - -“Very good. Only remember to take into consideration Emma’s limited -capacity,” said Mabel. - -Again there was silence. After a few minutes Amy read aloud once more:— - - -MENU. - - Potato Soup. - Tomatoes Farcies. - Rolled Loin of Mutton and Sour Plums. - Mashed Potatoes, with Brown Potatoes round. - Stewed Celery. - Ready-made Pudding. Orange Jelly. - Macaroni Cheese. - Dessert. - Coffee. - - -ESTIMATE. - -Potato soup, 11d.; tomatoes farcies, 1s.; mutton, forcemeat, gravy, -&c., 6s. 9d.; potatoes and celery, 6d.; orange jelly, 1s. 4d.; -ready-made pudding, 1s. 3d.; macaroni cheese, 9d.; dessert, 3s.; -coffee, 10d. Altogether, 16s. 4d. - -Mabel was silent for a moment from amazement. Then she said— - -“That is very extraordinary. I would not have believed it.” - -“Yes, dear. But you must take into account that you drew up rather a -luxurious tea; and my dinner is a very simple and homely one. Therefore -you were scarcely fair to yourself.” - -“I only described the sort of high tea we should have had at home -before I was married.” - -“And you forgot that your mother did not need to make a sovereign cover -all expenses.” - -“And yet your dinner sounds more satisfactory than my tea, and I am -sure it would look more. I wonder if Emma could manage a dinner like -that; she is not entirely ignorant. She can roast a joint, and boil -potatoes very well, and she can bake a pudding——” - -“Then I am sure she could manage, for everything else you could -yourself prepare beforehand. Of course, if she were more of a cook, you -might have a little fish, or perhaps a trifle of game after the mutton, -and still keep within the sovereign.” - -“I feel that I should be wiser to experiment first in a small way,” -said Mabel. - -“Very well. The potato soup you know well. It is good, and cheap; you -can get it ready beforehand, so that Emma will only have to make it -hot. The mutton you can get the butcher to bone, and then stuff it with -veal forcemeat, and roll it early in the day, leaving Emma to roast -it. The gravy, also, you can make ready, and put, nicely seasoned and -free from fat, in a cup, so that Emma will need only to put it in a -saucepan to get hot when she begins to dish the meat. The tomatoes you -can prepare. The celery and potatoes you may leave with her, I should -think.” - -“Decidedly; she boils vegetables very well, and she can mash potatoes, -and put browned potatoes round quite easily. I had better make the -sauce for the celery, though.” - -“You might make it, and put it in a gallipot in a saucepan with boiling -water round, to keep hot. Then surely if you make the soup, if you -prepare the meat, and make the gravy, make the sauce, get the tomatoes -ready, make the jelly, mix the pudding, three parts cook the macaroni, -dish the dessert, and altogether make the coffee, there can be no -danger.” - -“I shall be rather tired by the time our friends arrive,” said Amy, -looking a little grave as she realised the responsibilities which she -was proposing to take upon herself. - -“Oh, yes; you will have to be very quick, and to do all the head-work. -But you said you did not mind the trouble. And besides, remember this, -if once you can succeed in your attempt you will find that you are not -at all more tired with providing dinner than you are with providing -high tea. But there are just two things you would do well to try for, -in my opinion.” - -“What are they?” - -“One is to make Emma well acquainted with every dish beforehand. Let -her understand how things ought to be and to look when properly cooked; -on no account let the final touches be the product of her imagination -as exercised in carrying out your descriptive order.” - -“No, that would scarcely do,” said Mabel, laughing. - -“Well, the only way to prevent it is to make the most of the time -between now and the important day. Have potato soup one day, rolled -mutton another, tomatoes farcies, and ready-made pudding a third, and -macaroni cheese a fourth, and so make her familiar with what is coming.” - -“And the second point?” - -“I was going to suggest that if you have anything served in a style -superior to your ordinary mode, you should try to keep Emma up to the -better way as a regular thing. This will really be a great kindness to -her. It will make her more skilful, and fit her for taking a better -situation afterwards, and, strange to say, she will be all the happier -for it. Right-minded girls (and I should quite think Emma is one) -are glad to be shown refined ways, and they respect a mistress who -understands and insists upon the best modes of doing things far more -than they respect a mistress who lets things go, and puts up with -slipshod fashions just for the sake of peace and quiet. And really you -will find that when Emma knows what ought to be, all you will need to -impress upon her is the time required for the various dishes.” - -“That is it precisely,” said Mabel, who had been listening very quietly -to her friend’s remarks, but who was evidently giving all her thoughts -to the subject in hand. “I can see now exactly what I shall have to do. -I shall make out a list of every ingredient, and have everything where -it will be close to my hand, the day but one before the dinner. The -day before I shall make the jelly and, with Emma’s help, brighten all -the glass and silver, and look out any pretty ornaments and services. -Then quite early on the eventful morning I shall make the soup, and put -it ready for making hot; yes, I shall even fry and dish the sippets -and chop the parsley, which will have to be sprinkled in at the last -moment. I shall stuff and roll the mutton, dish the sour plums (those -delightful sour plums! they were there without needing to be in the -estimate; how good it was of Frau Bergmann to give them to me). I shall -stuff the tomatoes, turn out the jelly, dish the dessert, arrange the -coffee cups and saucers—but, oh, the coffee, what shall I do for that? -Emma never makes it properly.” - -“Few servants do; and if I were you I should look after it yourself -in this case. The coffee is so very important. Really good coffee, -served at the close even of an unsuccessful dinner, almost atones for -disaster, while inferior coffee spoils the most _recherché_ repast. Why -should you not steal away for a minute or two when your friends leave -the dining-room, make the coffee, and send Emma in with it. Then all -is sure to be right.” - -“Yes, that will be best. Well, as I was saying, I must be as busy as -possible before luncheon. Then, after luncheon——” - -“After luncheon I should lie down for an hour,” said Amy. - -“Oh!” said Mabel, dubiously. - -“Yes. It would be unfortunate if the dinner were a success, and the -hostess laid up next day through fatigue.” - -“May be. Yes, I will certainly rest awhile after luncheon. Then, while -Emma prepares her vegetables, tidies the kitchen, and attends to the -roast, I will lay the table; and I know I can make it beautiful.” - -“What shall you do for flowers? We did not allow for them in our -estimate.” - -“I planted some corn a week ago in a large fancy bowl, and it will be -lovely. Have you never done that? You get a few ears of corn, pack -them in a bowl full of water, so that the ears are close together and -are partially covered with the water. Put the bowl in a warm room, -and in about a fortnight the delicate blades will peep out and grow -to be very pretty. There could not be anything more effective for the -middle of the table, and the grass lasts five or six weeks, and it is a -most convenient decoration when flowers are scarce. We always used to -provide ourselves with corn in harvest time for this purpose.” - -“I will remember to do the same,” said Amy. “I never heard of growing -corn in a bowl.” - -“I can give you a little meanwhile to experiment with. Then, when the -table is laid, I will dress, and when I come down will present Emma -first with a written menu, giving a list of what is to go in with each -course, and a few notes of reminder—something of this sort:— - - -“REMEMBER— - -“To put the pudding and tomatoes in the oven, also to pour the sauce -over the macaroni and set it to brown, as soon as the last guest -arrives. - -“To put the plates for soup, meat, tomatoes, ready-made pudding, and -cheese to heat half an hour before the dinner hour. - -“To make the milk boil before stirring it into the boiling soup, and to -sprinkle in the chopped parsley at the last moment. - -“To shut the dining-room door after taking in or removing dishes, &c., -and to move about as quietly as possible. - -“To begin to dish the meat and vegetables and make the gravy hot the -moment soup is in, so that everything may be quite ready when the bell -rings. - -“To put the coffee (left ready ground on the dresser) into the oven, to -get hot, as soon as dessert is in, and at the same time to set a jug of -milk in a saucepan of boiling water.” - -“What is that for?” said Amy. - -“It is to scald the milk. Coffee tastes so much more delicious when -the milk is scalded, not boiled. There, I think that is all. I will -write the notes early, and then, if anything else occurs to me, I can -put it down. But, Amy, for safety’s sake would you mind giving me the -recipes for the dishes in your menu. I have one or two, but they may be -mislaid, and I should not like there to be a mistake.” - -“There is not much fear of a mistake, if you take all that trouble. But -I will give you the recipes with pleasure. In return, will you give me -the recipe for the sour plums? I should like to have it, for I intend -to make some when plums are in season.” - -The arrangements thus laid down were implicitly carried out, and the -“Bride’s First Dinner Party” was a great success—so much so that every -guest remarked, when the evening was over, “What a clever little -woman Mrs. Smith is! How fortunate her husband is to have a wife thus -domesticated.” Then, in a moment, “What lovely wedding presents!” - -For the benefit of those who may care to have them, I subjoin a copy of -the recipes which were exchanged between Amy and Mabel. - -_Potato Soup._—Melt a piece of butter the size of an egg in a stewpan. -Throw in two pounds of potatoes, weighed after they have been peeled, -the white parts of two leeks, and a stick of celery, all cut up. -Sweat for a few minutes without browning. Pour on a quart of cold -stock or water; boil gently till the vegetables are tender, and pass -through a sieve. When wanted, make hot in a clean stewpan, and add -salt and pepper. Boil separately half a pint of milk; stir this into -the boiling soup. At the last moment sprinkle on the top of the soup a -dessertspoonful of chopped parsley. If cream is allowed, the soup will -be greatly improved. - -_Tomatoes Farcies._—Take eight smooth red tomatoes; cut the stalks off -evenly, and slice off the part that adheres to them; scoop out the -seeds from the centre without breaking the sides. Melt an ounce of -butter in a stewpan. Put in two tablespoonfuls of cooked ham chopped, -two tablespoonfuls of chopped mushrooms, two shalots, two teaspoonfuls -of chopped parsley, pepper and salt, and two ounces of grated Parmesan. -Mix thoroughly over the fire, fill the tomatoes with the mixture, and -bake on a greased baking tin in a moderate oven for ten or fifteen -minutes. The tomatoes should be tender, but not broken. If the -ingredients for this forcemeat are not at hand, a little ordinary veal -forcemeat may be used, but the taste will be inferior. - -_Rolled Loin of Mutton._—Get the butcher from whom the meat is bought -to bone the loin; spread veal stuffing inside, roll it up, bind it -with tape, and bake in the usual way. Thick, smooth gravy should be -served with it. This may be made of the bones. - -_Mashed and Browned Potatoes._—Mash potatoes in the usual way. Prepare -beforehand six or eight good sized potatoes of uniform size. Parboil -them, then put them into the dripping-tin round the meat for about -three-quarters of an hour—less, if small—and baste them every now and -then till brown. Pile the mashed potatoes in the middle of the tureen, -put browned potatoes round, and sprinkle chopped parsley on the white -centre. - -_Stewed Celery._—Wash the celery carefully, and boil it till tender in -milk and water, to which salt and a little butter have been added. The -time required will depend on the quality. Young, tender portions will -be ready in half an hour or less; the coarse outer stalks will need to -boil a long time. Drain thoroughly, dish on toast, and pour white sauce -over. - -_Sour Plums_ (a substitute for red currant jelly served with meat; to -be made in the autumn).—Take three pounds of the long, blue autumn -plums, almost the last to come into the market, called in Germany -zwetschen. Rub off the bloom and prick each one with a needle. Boil -a pint of vinegar for a quarter of an hour with a pound and a-half -of sugar, a teaspoonful of cloves, three blades of mace, and half an -ounce of cinnamon. Pour the vinegar through a strainer over the plums, -and let them stand for twenty-four hours. Next day boil the vinegar, -and again pour it over the fruit. Put all over the fire together to -simmer for a few minutes until the plums are tender and cracked without -falling to pieces. Tie down while hot. - -_Ready-Made Pudding._—Mix two tablespoonfuls of flour, an ounce of -sugar, and a very little grated nutmeg, with a spoonful of cold milk -to make a smooth paste, then add boiling milk to make a pint. When -cold, beat two eggs with a glass of sherry, mix and bake in a buttered -dish for half an hour. - -_Orange Jelly._—Soak an ounce of gelatine in water to cover it for an -hour, and put with the gelatine the very thin rind of three oranges. -Squeeze the juice from some sweet oranges to make half a pint, then add -the juice of two lemons, and strain to get out all pips, etc. Take as -much water as there is fruit juice, put this into a stewpan with the -gelatine, and a quarter of a pound of loaf sugar, and simmer for a few -minutes till the gelatine is entirely dissolved. Remove any scum that -may rise, then add the juice; boil up once, and strain into a damp -mould. This jelly has a delicious taste, and is not supposed to be -clear. - -_Macaroni Cheese._—Wash half a pound of Naples macaroni, break it up -and throw it into boiling water with a lump of butter in it, and boil -it for about half an hour, till the macaroni is tender. Drain it well. -Melt an ounce of butter in a stewpan, stir in one ounce of flour, and, -when smooth, half a pint of cold milk. Stir the sauce till it boils, -add salt and pepper, an ounce of grated Parmesan, and the macaroni -drained dry. Pour all upon a dish, sprinkle an ounce of macaroni over, -and brown in the oven or before the fire. - -_Simple Jam Sandwich._—Beat three eggs, and add a breakfastcupful of -flour, to which has been added a teaspoonful of cream of tartar. Beat -the mixture till it bubbles. Add a scant breakfastcupful of sifted -sugar. Beat again, and add half a teaspoonful of carbonate of soda. -Turn into a shallow baking tin, greased, and bake for a few minutes in -a quick oven. With the oven ready, this cake can be made and baked in -half an hour. - - - - -GIRTON GIRL. - -BY CATHERINE GRANT FURLEY. - - - “Why, sir, should you seem so startled - When you chance to come on me - Talking silly baby-language - To the child upon my knee— - To this happy, crowing urchin, - While his peasant mother stands - Watching us, while she is wiping - Thick-flaked soapsuds from her hands? - - “When you met me first, at dinner, - At the Hall the other night, - You were seated on my left hand, - The professor on my right; - And you saw I cared to listen— - Saw it with a scornful mirth— - To the facts that he was telling - Of the strata of the earth. - - “And again, when of the Iliad - My companion chanced to speak, - You were less pleased than astounded - That I quoted Homer’s Greek. - And beneath my half-closed eyelids - I observed your covert smile, - When our hostess spoke of Ruskin, - And I answered with Carlyle. - - “Then you thought you read me fully— - ‘Woman in her latest phase, - Following with feebler footsteps - In far-reaching manhood’s ways. - A half-taught, conceited creature, - Something neither wise nor good; - Losing for a vain chimera - All the grace of womanhood. - - “‘Failing in her mad endeavour, - Though in every languid vein - Love-warmed heart-blood she replaces - With cold ichor from the brain. - Woman striving to be manlike, - Making him her enemy, - Fighting where she best had yielded’— - This was what you saw in me. - - “Sir, I claim to be a woman: - Nothing less and nothing more; - Laughing when my heart is joyful, - Weeping when my heart is sore; - Loving all things good and tender, - Nor so coldly over-wise - As to scorn a lover’s kisses, - Or the light of children’s eyes. - - “Over-wise! Nay, it were folly - If I cherished in my mind - One poor fancy, one ambition - That could part me from my kind— - From the maiden’s hopes and longings, - From the mother’s joy and care, - From the gladness, labour, sorrow, - That is every woman’s share. - - “Not for all life’s garb of duty - In the self-same tint is dyed; - I must walk alone, another - Shelters at a husband’s side. - Yet I claim her for my sister, - While—though I must stand apart— - All her hopes, her fears, her wishes - Find an echo in my heart. - -[Illustration: A GIRTON GIRL.] - - “True it is I love to study - Every page of nature’s lore. - Must that make my soul less gentle? - Nay, it softens me the more. - True it is I love the story - Of the old heroic age, - True I love the aspirations - Of the poet and the sage; - - “But if poet, artist, thinker, - Lend me some inspiring thought, - Must it follow that the duty - Of the woman is forgot? - No; ’tis you who err, believe me, - Thinking, as perchance you do, - That because her brain is empty, - Woman’s heart must beat more true. - - “’Tis not learning that unsexes, - ’Tis not thought will make us cold, - Nor at sight of heavy volumes - Love on us relax his hold. - Woman is for ever woman; - O’er her life love rules supreme, - Though his kingdom be but fancy, - And the bliss he gives a dream. - - “Nought besides, however worthy, - In her heart can take his place— - But enough! The child is frightened - At the graveness of my face. - I must bring him back to laughter. - Pray you, leave us for a time, - Or you’ll hear a Girton student - Teaching him a nursery rhyme.” - - - - -THE SHEPHERD’S FAIRY. - -A PASTORALE. - -BY DARLEY DALE, Author of “Fair Katherine,” etc. - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -HOPE AND FEAR. - -As soon as the shearing company was gone, John Shelley went into the -house to watch by Charlie’s couch, and to take counsel with his wife as -to what must be done about Jack, as to whose safety he was as anxious -as about Charlie’s, for if the latter died Jack would inevitably be -tried for manslaughter, though the shepherd felt sure the fall on the -stone gate-post was a far more serious matter than the blow Jack had -dealt, and which had accidentally, and quite unintentionally, caused -the fall. - -All Jack had meant to do, as the shepherd and his wife knew well -enough, was to give Charlie a good bang across the shoulders, but if -the boy died it might be a difficult matter to persuade a coroner’s -jury that no more was intended, especially as Jack, by keeping himself -aloof, as he did, from his own class, was by no means popular in the -neighbourhood. - -Mrs. Shelley was even more keenly alive to the danger which threatened -Jack than her husband, and was for sending him away at once to her -brother, who lived at Liverpool, but John Shelley never acted hastily -or on impulse, and he suggested taking counsel with the doctor and Mr. -Leslie, both of whom were good friends of Jack’s, before they decided -on any course of action. - -“We’ll send Jack round to the rectory as soon as he comes back; he will -be glad of something to do, tired and hungry as he must be, for I see -he has not had his supper yet,” said the shepherd. - -“No, he won’t touch anything till there is some hope of Charlie, I -daresay. He has been unconscious nearly an hour now, John. Do you -think there is any hope?” - -“Yes, I do; while there is life there is hope. I expect it is -concussion of the brain, and if so, people are often unconscious for -hours. He is breathing, you see. But where is Fairy? Why does not the -child come in? Is she frightened?” - -“I don’t know, I am sure; I had forgotten all about her. Just see, -John, will you? She has had no supper either,” replied Mrs. Shelley. - -John went to the door to look for Fairy just as Jack and Dr. Bates came -up together. The shepherd brought the doctor in, and sent Jack to the -rectory, and then went to talk to Fairy, who was still sitting on the -bench outside. - -“Why have you sent for Mr. Leslie? Is Charlie worse?” asked Fairy, -anxiously, as she beckoned to the shepherd to sit by her side. - -“No, he is just the same, but I want to ask Mr. Leslie’s advice about -Jack; I am afraid we shall have to send poor Jack away. Shall you be -sorry, Fairy?” - -“Sorry! Of course I shall; but, John, why must Jack go as well as I? -Mother says it is all my fault, and I am to go away, and I don’t know -where to go, so I was waiting till you came, to ask you; but if Mr. -Leslie is coming, I daresay he’ll take me in for a little while,” said -Fairy, with a little sob at the end of each sentence. - -“Mr. Leslie take my Fairy in. Why, child, you would not leave us now in -our hour of trouble, when we most want you to comfort us, would you?” - -“I don’t want ever to leave you, unless, of course, I find my own -parents; but mother says I am to go, and she is sorry she ever took me -in, because it is all my fault. So you see, John, of course I must go -away after that,” said Fairy, gently. - -“I can’t spare my little Fairy now. Mother did not mean what she -said; she was so upset at seeing poor Charlie insensible, I expect -she hardly knew what she was doing, so you must forgive her—will you, -little one?—and stay and cheer us in our sorrow,” said John. - -“Of course I will, if you are quite sure mother didn’t mean it, but -she should not have said it was my fault, should she? For she knows as -well as you do, John, how fond I am of both the boys, and how I never -let them quarrel; only this was done in such a minute I could not stop -it; it really was more an accident than anything else. Poor Jack didn’t -mean to knock Charlie down, or to hurt him really, only he was so angry -about that lamb that he lost his temper. How grave you look, John; you -don’t think it was my fault, do you?” - -Now the shepherd understood perfectly what his wife had meant by saying -it was Fairy’s fault; but it was evident the child had not the remotest -suspicion of Mrs. Shelley’s meaning; she was too childlike and innocent -(children of that day were less precocious and more like children than -they are now), too free from vanity and self-consciousness to be aware -that Jack had any other feeling for her than a brotherly affection, and -it was equally evident that at present, at any rate, Fairy’s affection -for Jack was of precisely the same character as her sisterly love for -her foster-brother. Seeing this, the shepherd felt his wife was right -in saying it would be far better for many reasons that Jack should go -away; but he was so lost in thought that he forgot to reply to Fairy’s -question, which, after waiting a minute or two, for she was accustomed -to John’s slowness of speech, she repeated. - -“No, my child, no, I am sure it was no fault of yours; don’t think -any more about it. Here comes Jack with Mr. Leslie; I will go in and -hear what the doctor says. Ask Mr. Leslie to wait in the kitchen for a -minute, if he does not mind,” and the shepherd went indoors to hear the -doctor’s report just as Jack and Mr. Leslie appeared. - -[Illustration: “‘COME, CHILD, YOU HAVE HAD NO SUPPER YET.’” - - _See “The Shepherd’s Fairy,” p. 219._] - -They both looked very grave, for Jack was a great pet of the rector’s, -and he had already told him exactly how the accident had occurred; and -Mr. Leslie was almost as anxious as Jack to hear the doctor’s report, -for Jack seemed so absorbed in his anxiety about Charlie as to be -unconscious of his own danger. - -“How is he?” they exclaimed in a breath. - -“I don’t know; Dr. Bates is still with him,” said Fairy; but a minute -or two later John Shelley came out with the doctor’s report. - -“Well, what news?” asked Mr. Leslie. - -“He is still unconscious, and the doctor can’t say how it will go with -him,” replied the shepherd. - -“Is there no hope, father?” asked Jack, turning very white and speaking -very low. - -“Yes, lad, yes, there is hope, thank God; he may rally; it is the fall -on the gate-post that has done the mischief. He struck the back of his -head against the stone; the place on the temple is a mere trifle. But -will you walk in, Mr. Leslie? Dr. Bates wants to speak to you, and you -too, Jack.” - -Accordingly these four went into the kitchen and shut themselves up to -discuss the matter, leaving Fairy feeling very miserable and in the -way, for she did not know where to go, on the bench outside. But a few -minutes later Mrs. Shelley came to the door to look for her, wondering -what had become of her, having forgotten her hasty speech on seeing -Charlie lying prostrate on the ground. - -“Why, Fairy, where have you been all this time? Come, child, you -have had no supper yet. How pale you look; and your hands are quite -cold. You are not frightened, are you?” said Mrs. Shelley, as Fairy -reluctantly followed her into the house. - -“No, I am not frightened, but it is all so miserable,” said Fairy, -sobbing, as she looked at the unconscious Charlie, who was breathing -almost imperceptibly on the sofa. - -“Come, this won’t do; I shall have you ill next; why, the child has -cried more to-night than she ever cried all the sixteen years she has -been here,” said Mrs. Shelley, taking Fairy in her arms. - -“You were never unkind to me before,” sobbed Fairy. - -Suddenly Mrs. Shelley remembered how she had turned on Fairy in her -anxiety and pity for Jack. - -“There, child, don’t cry any more; I don’t know what I said; but at any -rate I can’t let you quarrel with me when I may lose one, if not both, -of my sons; for I am sure they will decide to send Jack away—indeed, I -hope they will,” said Mrs. Shelley. - -“You hope so, mother?” asked Fairy, in astonishment. - -“Yes; if anything happened to poor Charlie, Jack might get into -terrible trouble, so, for his sake, I hope Mr. Leslie will let him go; -besides, he is not fit for a shepherd; he never has liked the work, and -he may get on far better at something else.” - -Just as Mrs. Shelley said this, the kitchen door opened, and John -Shelley asked his wife to come in to the discussion which was being -held in the kitchen, and Fairy was left to watch by Charlie. It seemed -an interminable time to Fairy, though it was not really half an hour -before the door opened and they all came out. Mr. Leslie went home; the -doctor came in to look at Charlie again; Mrs. Shelley went upstairs -with Jack; and the shepherd called Fairy into the kitchen to tell her -what had been decided. - -“Jack is going away to-night; he is going to America.” - -“To America!” exclaimed Fairy, for in those days going to America was -indeed going to another world. - -“Yes, for two years; perhaps for longer if he likes it. Mr. Leslie has -friends out there, and he knows of something he thinks will do for -Jack. There is a ship sails on Monday from Liverpool, so he is to go -to Brighton to-night with Mr. Leslie, and be off by the London coach -at five to-morrow morning. Mr. Leslie will go to Liverpool with him -and see him off if he can get anyone to take his duty here on Sunday; -anyhow, he will go to London and put him into the Liverpool coach.” - -John had not time to enter into further details as to what had passed -at the meeting in the kitchen; but, in truth, both Dr. Bates and Mr. -Leslie had strongly urged getting Jack out of the way as quickly as -possible. Dr. Bates because he was very anxious and by no means hopeful -about Charlie; Mr. Leslie partly on the same account, but also because -he knew the state of Jack’s feelings with regard to Fairy, and had -long wished to see the boy in a position where he would have some -opportunity of using the talents he possessed, and, by dint of his own -abilities and exertions, rising in the world. It so happened that he -had friends in New York, and a relation of his; a banker there had, -in answer to his inquiries whether he had an opening for a clever, -self-educated young man, lately written to say he had a vacancy for a -clerk which he would keep for Mr. Leslie’s young _protégé_. Mr. Leslie -had only been waiting till the shearing season was over to offer this -post to Jack, knowing that he could not very well be spared till it -was finished. Jack was delighted at the idea; a salary of fifty pounds -a year seemed to him untold wealth, and to have all the rest of the -day from five in the afternoon till ten the next morning to himself, a -perpetual holiday; and then to go to America, to him who had never been -much farther than Brighton, would, under any other circumstances, have -been all that he could have wished for, except Fairy to accompany him. -The post was offered him for two years, and the option of remaining, -if he liked the work, at the end of the two years. The only difficulty -was the money for his passage, but, to the surprise of Jack, his father -said he had plenty in the savings bank for that and to get him a few -necessaries as well. - -But leaving as he was leaving, took all pleasure out of Jack’s -good fortune; if he felt any pleasure at all it was only from the -excitement of the journey, and the occupation of both mind and body, -which prevented him from dwelling on the sorrow he had brought on them -all, and diverted his mind from the terrible anxiety Charlie’s state -caused him. - -If it had not been for Dr. Bates, Jack would have remained at home for -the night, and walked over to Brighton at daybreak to catch the coach, -but the doctor was rather a nervous man, and knowing that it was quite -possible Charlie might not live till the morning, he urged Mr. Leslie -to take Jack to Brighton that evening, adding in an undertone that if -anything happened Jack had better learn it in America. Perhaps it was -as well for all parties that the doctor’s advice was acted upon, for -it prevented any prolonged leave-takings, and gave no one time to fret -over Jack’s departure; indeed, an hour after the council held in the -kitchen, Jack was standing already to start, folding his mother in his -arms as he bade her good-bye. Then he went to the sitting-room, in -which Charlie was lying, and took a long, long look at him as he lay -with closed eyes, just breathing, all the colour gone from his usually -rosy cheeks. What would not Jack have given to see those merry blue -eyes open once more before he went away, perhaps never to see them -again? But no, the eyelids remained firmly closed, and Jack waited in -vain for any hopeful sign. He was alone in the room, and before he -left he knelt down by the side of the sofa and prayed until a footstep -outside startled him, and he rose hastily, for, proud and reserved as -he was, he would have hated even his mother to have seen him on his -knees, for, like many young men of his age, he had a great deal more -religion than the world gave him credit for. The footstep was Mrs. -Shelley’s; she was come to warn her darling son that it was time he -started or he would keep Mr. Leslie waiting. - -“Mother, may I have a lock of his hair?” asked Jack. And Mrs. Shelley -cut one of Charlie’s fair curls for him; and then Jack stooped, and, -for the first time for many years, kissed the boy’s pale cheeks, and -then, once more embracing his mother, he left the room. But there was -another person to say good-bye to—Fairy—who was waiting in the passage, -and now came forward, putting both her hands in Jack’s and lifting up -her sweet, delicate little face to be kissed as naturally as though -Jack was her own brother; and though poor Jack blushed crimson as he -stooped and kissed her, Fairy, if she changed colour at all, grew -paler, for she felt very sad and lonely at the loss of her favourite -companion. - -“You will think of me sometimes, Fairy, won’t you?” whispered Jack, -holding her hands. - -“Yes, often, Jack; and mind you write to us directly you get to -America; we shall be longing to know how you are getting on.” - -“Jack, my boy, it is time to start,” cried John Shelley, who was -waiting outside to walk to the rectory with his son, and the next -moment they were off. - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -THE ROMANCE OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND; - -OR, - -THE OLD LADY OF THREADNEEDLE STREET. - -BY EMMA BREWER. - - -CHAPTER IV. - -After having tided over my difficulties, which had been brought about -partly by the ill-feeling and envy of the Land Bank, and partly by -another matter to be explained later, I went on successfully in my old -home, gradually increasing my powers and responsibilities, and, if I -may be allowed to add, daily growing more attractive. - -Everybody courted my smiles, and were wretched if they failed to -find favour. Among those who paid me attention were members of the -royal family, bishops, clergy, ministers of state, merchants, and -philosophers; and, strange to say, I was as great a favourite with -the women as with the men, and I think I influenced their lives not -a little, for if a girl were known to be on my visiting list, even -though she were very plain, she found no difficulty in marrying well. -Did a mother hold in her arms her first-born, she was more restful and -content concerning its future if it had an opportunity of being placed -in my good books; and, certainly if a person died who had during his -life stood well with me, he was buried with more pomp and ceremony for -the fact. - -It seems wonderful, does it not, that I should have kept my head amid -so much flattery and attention, and I very much doubt if I should have -done so but for the healthy tone of my home and the constant care of my -people. - -Every now and then I got a fright, which prevented my becoming -frivolous, and which, but for my good constitution, would have gone far -to shake the life out of me. One I remember well. - -It occurred in 1707, when I was but thirteen years old. It came in the -form of a “run,” and certainly, but for timely help, I should have been -torn to pieces. - -The word _run_ may be suggestive to you merely of a race between me -and another bank; but in bank language it has a most terrifying and -disagreeable meaning. - -It is a sudden demand from everybody to whom you owe money to pay up on -the spot, and without hesitation. - -Your office is filled and refilled with people angrily and defiantly -demanding their money. Such was the case with me, and in my one room in -the Grocers’ Hall, at the date I mentioned. - -I tried to console myself with the thought that if the people would but -give me time I would pay everyone to the full, but, alas! I was old -enough to know that this was not sufficient—my existence depended upon -the whole world believing me to be safe and worthy of confidence, and -their test of my trustworthiness was that I should pay everyone in full -at a moment’s notice. - -I was nearly wild, and, for the moment, utterly powerless. To me -confidence was money, and by money I lived and breathed. - -It was no use disguising the fact—I had not sufficient in my chests to -pay the reckless demands. - -Not that I had misused the money entrusted to me, but that I had lent -it out again, that it might work and earn for me the means to pay -interest to the depositors and afford me something for my trouble; -all this was quite honourable and above board, and yet how frightened -I was! Had I wished it I could not have run away, for you know I had -but one room, without private doors and staircases; I was, therefore, -compelled to stand and face the excited and unreasonable crowd. - -In the case of a _run_, it is absolutely necessary to find the money -somewhere, in order to meet the demand made by the public; for if once -payment is suspended credit is gone, career blasted, and business at an -end. - -When a person asks me in confidence my definition of a _run_, I -always answer, “A reckless, senseless attack on a bank—one in which -self-interest is so overpowering as utterly to cover and blot out -reason for the time being.” - -Of course the news spread like wildfire that I was surrounded by a -clamorous people whom more than likely I should not be able to satisfy, -and who, in that case, would not hesitate to take my life. - -This roused my friends, who without loss of time came to my assistance -with the only commodity that could save me. - -Godolphin (the Lord Treasurer in the reign of Queen Anne) declared that -the credit of the country was bound up together with mine, and that -help must be at once offered, for which phrase, when I had time to -think of it, I was thankful; but, better than words, my friends, the -Dukes of Marlborough and Newcastle, and others of the nobility, at once -came to my rescue with large sums of money, and gentlemen of all ranks -came with their offering of such cash as they had in hand. - -One incident deeply touched me. A poor man, hearing of my trouble, came -to me with £500 which he had saved, and placed them absolutely at my -disposal. On my mentioning this to the Queen when next I saw her, she -was so pleased that she sent him a present of £100 and an order on the -Treasury to pay at once the £500 which had been lent to me. You may be -very sure that I did not forget such a friend. - -You see, therefore, how the ill effects of the _run_ were averted by -the kindness of private and powerful friends. - -The next fright I had was of another character, and occurred on the -28th of February, 1709, just two years after the _run_. - -You who have studied the history of this country know that in the reign -of Queen Anne a certain Dr. Sacheverell caused a great deal of trouble -to those in authority, and roused the people to acts of riot and -rebellion. - -On this particular day the people were mad with triumph. They had set -fire to chapels and meeting-houses; they had made bonfires of Bibles -and other books and materials in Lincoln’s Inn Fields without let or -hindrance, and while these were blazing the mob, which had been joined -by persons of the very lowest class, began to entertain the thought of -attacking me in Grocers’ Hall and relieving me of my wealth. - -So on they came, as you know mobs will when they think themselves -masters, and there stood I and my whole household, determined to guard -our home and its treasures with our lives. - -Thanks to the Earl of Sunderland, who rushed into the Queen’s presence -with an account of the mob’s proceedings, help was sent before harm -could reach us. The Queen, on hearing of the danger which threatened -me, turned pale from fear, but quickly regaining her courage, bade her -secretary “send her foot and horse guards forthwith and disperse the -rioters.” Thus peril was once again warded off from me and my home. - -I know that you will think I had enough to do without dabbling in -politics, but in all your criticisms of me and my doings you must take -into consideration my education, my position, and my responsibilities. -Of course, I had daily dealings with every class of politicians, and -became acquainted with every shade of politics. - -There is no knowing on which side I should have ranged myself—whether -among the Whigs or among the Tories—had I been allowed a choice; but -circumstances decided for me, and made me, and kept me for several -generations, a determined Whig. - -My friend Joseph Addison[1] fully realised my position, and in a pretty -allegory set forth the calamity which would fall upon me should I by -chance favour the Tories. - -It is very elegantly written, and, as it is not long, I will relate it -to you. - -You will see that he speaks of me as a queen—by name “Public Credit.” - -“I saw Public Credit on her throne in Grocers’ Hall, the Great Charter -overhead, the Act of Settlement full in her view. Her touch turned -everything to gold. - -“Behind her seat bags filled with coin were piled up to the ceiling. On -her right and on her left the floor was hidden by pyramids of guineas. - -“On a sudden the door flies open, the Pretender rushes in, a sponge -in one hand, in the other a sword, which he shakes at the Act of -Settlement. - -“The beautiful queen sinks down fainting; the spell by which she has -turned all things around her into treasure is broken; the money-bags -shrink like pricked bladders; the piles of gold pieces are turned into -bundles of rags, or faggots of wooden tallies.”[2] - -The truth which this picture was meant to convey was never absent from -my mind or from my governors’. - -We were perfectly aware of how very closely our interest was bound up -with that of the Government, and the greater the public danger the more -ready were we—that is, I and my people—to go to their rescue. - -I mentioned in an earlier portion of my story that I gained part of my -income by discounting bills of exchange. - -It has been suggested to me that I should make clear to you the meaning -of bills of exchange, their origin and purpose, and how I could have -gained money by my dealings with them. I will do so as well as I can, -and in as few words as possible. - -Originally, a bill of exchange was nothing more than a letter from a -person in one country to his debtor in another, begging him to pay the -debt to the person who would deliver the letter to him. - -This way of proceeding was a saving of trouble to everybody. To the -creditor certainly; to the debtor, who could pay the money owing -without the danger and expense of sending it abroad; and to the third -person, or bearer of the letter, who, travelling in a foreign land, -found himself in funds of the country without the great inconvenience -of carrying much money from home. - -For example, Madame Rotina, dwelling in Constantinople, has sent goods -to Mrs. James, of Cheapside, London, to the amount of £300, to be paid -on a certain date some twelve months hence. Well, a friend of Madame -Rotina’s intends spending a few weeks in London, and asks if she can do -anything for her friend while there. “Oh, yes,” says madame; “I shall -be glad if you will take a letter to Mrs. James, who owes me money, and -receive it for me.” - -It might so happen that the friend would wish to leave London before -the time has arrived for Mrs. James to pay. She would, therefore, take -the letter, which would be open, to a fourth person—to me, perhaps—and -say, “This bill is not due for a month. The debtor is reliable. Will -you be good enough to discount it for me?” Under the circumstances, -this is what I should do: take the bill for £300, and give the bearer -£298 19s. 6d. Four per cent. interest for one month would be £1, -which would be mine for the trouble and risk of discounting, as well -as payment for the loss of my money for that time. The odd sixpence -would be for the stamp. At the end of the month I should get the full -£300. Now do you see how I increased my income by discounting bills of -exchange, especially if some hundreds passed through my hands in one -day? - -These letters or bills, which were representatives of debts, became by -degrees articles of traffic. They were simple instruments, transferring -value from place to place, at home or abroad, and by their means -accounts were balanced without the transmission of money. At this -present time the net produce of stamps alone in Great Britain is -enormous. - -I hope I have made it clear to you; because I want you to become -thoroughly acquainted with all my daily work. - -And now to proceed with my story. - -There is no knowing how long I should have gone on content in my one -room at the Grocers’ Hall, had not some unpleasantness occurred about -the renewal of the lease. - -My governors and directors met me in council on the 20th of January, -1732, and we decided that, if we could find a suitable site, we would -build a house of our own. - -We were fortunate enough to find a house and garden for sale, the -property of a former director of mine, Sir John Houblon. It was situate -in Threadneedle-street, in the parish of St. Christopher-le-Stocks. - -We employed a first-rate firm of builders, Dunn and Townshend, very -well known at that time, and the first stone of the Bank of England was -laid on August 3rd, 1732. - -It was a great day for me and a very imposing ceremony, in which my -governors and directors took a prominent part. I gave away twenty -guineas to be distributed among the workmen, that they too might have -cause for rejoicing on such a memorable day. - -In less than two years the building was complete, and on June 5th, -1734, I took up my abode there, and have lived in Threadneedle-street -from that day to this; so that I am, of course, the oldest inhabitant. -One after another I have seen my neighbours pass away, and their houses -pulled down to make room for other and more stately buildings. The -friends of my youth, too, are all gone, and there remain none who can -sympathise with me in my high position, because there are none old -enough to remember my early struggles, which led up to it. - -A very lonely old woman I feel sometimes when I have leisure to sit in -my grand but comfortless parlour and think, with only the shadows of -past friends for companions. - -There is no one with whom I care to speak of them; for, alas! the -present generation remember only their faults, and none of their -greatness. - -It was but the other day, when some one was abusing one of my former -governors, Thomas Guy,[3] I reminded him that my friend had built -and endowed Guy’s Hospital at a cost of £18,793 for the first, and -£219,499 for the last, and that he should be spoken of with respect -and gratitude. “Oh, yes, I know,” was the careless answer, “Charity -covereth a multitude of sins.” - -I think this is the first time I have been able personally to express -my feelings about people and things in my life, and for the opportunity -I am indebted to you, the girls of the world, who have expressed the -desire to make my acquaintance. - -The house in Threadneedle-street, into which I moved all my effects, -and in which I took up my abode in 1734, was small and insignificant -compared with its present size and appearance. It consisted only of the -present centre, courtyard, hall, and bullion-court, and was scarcely -visible to passers-by. - -It was almost enclosed by the Church of St. Christopher-le-Stocks, -three taverns, and about twenty houses. - -This house was at first sufficiently large for me to carry on my -business comfortably; but as the work became more complicated we found -it necessary to add to it, and in 1770 built the eastern wing. Thirty -years later the western wing, together with the Lothbury front, was -built. From time to time there have been additions and alterations, -which account for the variety in the style of architecture. - -I ought to have mentioned that part of my residence stands on marshy -soil, in the course of the ancient stream of Walbrook, and, that I -might suffer no ill effect from this, the foundation was strengthened -by means of piles and counter-arches. And here, being settled in my new -home, I will pause to put all things in order before going on with my -story. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration: THE OLD BANK.] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] Joseph Addison, an elegant writer and a Secretary of State in Queen -Anne’s reign. He was born in Wiltshire, 1672, and died in 1719 at the -age of forty-seven. - -[2] Try and keep the meaning of tallies in your mind. - -[3] Thomas Guy was the son of a lighterman in Horselydown, Southwark. -He was born in 1643, and died in 1724. He was apprenticed to a -bookseller, and afterwards began the world with £200, which, by good -business habits and extreme parsimony, became an immense fortune. - - - - -GIRLS’ FRIENDSHIPS. - -By the Author of “Flowering Thorns.” - - -CHAPTER III. - -HOW THEY ARE BROKEN. - -In all friendships which ultimately cease to exist there comes the -point of departure as in the capital letter Y; the point where the two -before united friends separate and continue their lives in different -directions. - -At first the division between them is a very narrow one, but it widens -and stretches out till the two wholly lose sight of each other. Of this -I have already spoken as the drifting apart of friends; the gradual -cooling of once warm friendship. - -But it has another kind of conclusion as abrupt and final as the -termination of the capital letter I, of which no continuance is -possible. - -It was difficult in the first instance to say just where the separation -between the friends began, but here there can be no mistake, and -very often not only the girls themselves but their relations and -acquaintances know that there has been a quarrel. - -The letters and meetings do not become shorter and fewer, they cease; -or if circumstances do not allow of this—for their respective families -do not necessarily quarrel too—they become noticeably forced and -frigid, and, if possible, avoided. There is a sore feeling on both -sides which those who tranquilly drifted apart never experienced. The -friendship has broken off short, as it were, there has been no period -of preparation for this sudden issue, and both girls are wounded; -though whether it be in their affection, dignity, or self-love, the -cause of estrangement and character of each must determine. - -It is impossible to sever all at once the many links which bind friend -and friend; and the consciousness that it is so, and that for many a -day after their quarrel they must stand connected, often adds to the -pain and bitterness they feel. - -Now, what are the causes of these complete separations, or, to put it -more correctly, complete alienations? - -Death is, of course, a final interruption to friendship, but does -not mean alienation. Our dear dead friend is ours still, in a sense. -We know that the dead in Christ have a conscious existence, and feel -convinced they do not forget, but continue to love us; and looking -forward to a reunion some day, we cannot feel that our friendship -is broken. A friendship interrupted by death seems to me to be only -purified and elevated, and when the thought arises, as it often will: -“What would she say to this? how would she advise on that?” the -certainty that her opinions must now be always ranged on the side of -what conscience tells us is right must tend to draw us upward and -onward. - -Yes, the severance of death is not complete, but what are we to say of -the severance of pride or jealousy? - -It is, unfortunately, true that many a girl, as well as her elders, -cannot bear to feel herself second, and because her friend is -prettier, cleverer, or it may be more fortunate, then she manages to -quarrel with her. - -She does not acknowledge that such is the reason, of course; even if -she be conscious that it is so, she does not give it the true name, -but, “I am not always going to dance attendance on Louisa”—“Louisa -comes to me when she can get no one else, and I won’t put up with -it”—“I don’t see why Louisa should expect me always to go to her, and -never come to me,” and so on, until an irritated feeling against Louisa -is produced; and the two come to an open rupture. - -If Louisa is indeed the superior of the two she has probably taken the -first place unconsciously, and a slight to her friend is the last thing -she dreams of. She feels the reproaches are unmerited, replies hotly, -or contemptuously, and the breach is made. - -The friendship was, of course, a very imperfect one, or it could not -have been so easily broken. I don’t think the girl who felt herself -slighted and aggrieved could have given her friend much help or -sympathy for some time before the quarrel began. - -“Ah, but,” someone exclaims, “perhaps she could not help and sympathise -with such a superior creature as Louisa.” - -“Then,” I reply, “the friendship was too unequal to last long.” Not -that I mean for a moment to insist that two friends ought to be on a -level in every particular, but each should be superior in turn. It -won’t do for one always to be able to look down. If the other is meek -and submissive it creates a one-sided friendship; if she happens to -be high-spirited or mean-spirited, a quarrel. So that if your friend -either is, or considers herself, your superior in everything, or if you -will not allow that she is superior to you in anything, look out for -the breach that is sure to come. - -And these breaches are not such as can be healed. The one most in fault -is sure to be the one who thinks herself injured, so that the necessary -first step is never taken. The friendship may indeed be patched up for -awhile, but it is never reliable again, for the simple reason that -girls who can quarrel once for such causes are quite certain to do so -again. - -Friends are alienated, too, by a misunderstanding, and the beginnings -of these are often so far in the past that it is almost impossible -to find them. What very slight things occasion a misunderstanding -which in course of time may kill a friendship! A trifling neglect, an -explanation given too late, a carelessly worded speech or letter, and, -above all, perhaps, conversation incorrectly repeated. - -Probably the remarks made are not of sufficient importance to deserve -that we ask an explanation of them, and in nine cases out of ten -we don’t stop to inquire whether it is not likely they have been -inaccurately reported—often by mistake—or, even if the words be right, -what a difference do look and tone make! - -“You wretch,” is quite a term of endearment from some people, for -example; and “how mean of her to tell you,” does not sound very severe -from laughing lips. - -“Clara said it was very mean of you to say anything to Maria about -the way she spoilt that dress of hers,” says the tale-bearer (and -tale-bearers do not generally understand a joke, but take all they -hear _au grand sérieux_). Harriet is vexed, for she thought Clara -considered the spoilt dress quite a laughing matter, and would not -betray her friend’s confidence for the world; still, it is not worth -while to make a fuss about it, but she can’t forget it, and the next -time she and Clara have a “difference” it comes out. - -“You told Maria that I was mean and didn’t keep your secrets,” says -Harriet. - -“I did not do any such thing,” cries Clara, who has forgotten all about -her careless speech, and to whom the spoilt dress had never seemed a -secret. - -“Well, somebody heard you.” - -“Nobody could have heard what I did not say.” - -“You must have said it, or it would not have been heard,” etc., etc. - -And even if the two make it up now there remains a feeling of distrust -of each other which is almost sure to ripen into alienation. - -Misunderstandings may also be occasioned by a letter so heedlessly -worded that it makes a misrepresentation. - -If such a statement as that the body of the late Prince Leopold was to -be “burned” at Frogmore can pass the proof-readers and appear, as it -did, in a public paper, it is not much wonder if girls, in their hasty, -thoughtless letters to one another, often say things quite as untrue -without the smallest intention of misleading. Girls do not always write -their meaning very clearly (nor other people either, for that matter), -and even the omission of a comma, to say nothing of a “not” or a -“sometimes,” may make all the difference in the world to a sentence. - -Separations caused by misunderstandings are hard to bridge, because it -is so impossible to trace them to their beginnings. We have forgotten -ourselves what it was that first aroused the feeling of distrust, and -because we cannot give a reason for the feeling it is probably the -stronger. “I feel because I feel” is, after all, a position of great -strength. But we have lost each other as in a maze whose complications -are too numerous to permit of return or even exit, and here there is no -man in the middle to point out the way backwards or forwards. - -Interference from without, tale-bearing, and meddling generally are -such obvious modes of dividing friends that I need hardly allude to -them except to say that outsiders rather overlook the fact that the -“third body” is nearly as much in the way between friends as between -lovers. Both resent having their quarrels made up from without; the -would-be healing hand is in most cases changed into that thumb about -which we so often hear, and which makes a small breach a large one. - -I will only now speak of one more way in which friends part utterly, -and that is the parting of determined purpose for some clearly-defined -reason. This is not to be done lightly, and will only—can only—be done -by girls of decided character. - -The reasons for such partings must lie deep, and in light, unthinking -characters there is no depth to contain them. Earnest differences will -often spring up on religious questions, and if their convictions or -fanaticism lead them to believe such differences vital, girls will -sometimes mutually agree, either tacitly or in words, to bring their -friendship to a close and be in future mere acquaintances. - -When two friends disagree in matters of religion, the subject is -generally altogether dropped between them; and can there be a true -friendship, do you think, when what is of vital interest and importance -to both is entirely left out of conversation? - -Minor religious differences are of no consequence; but let there be -agreement in what an old woman aptly called “the fundamentals,” and -this Christians of different sects can certainly manage to do. - -Again, if one of the two friends pursues a line of conduct of which -the other strongly disapproves, either on religious or moral grounds -(not upon some strained question of ceremonial or class etiquette, -remember), a total estrangement is likely to take place. I have a -case of this sort in my mind at the present moment, the cause of -disagreement being certain books, the reading of which one considered -would injure her moral purity. A hot dispute ensued, and the girls -parted. It was best they should part; they could never have been -lasting friends. - -Let me add but one word to this chapter of broken friendships. - -Girls must remember that even a dead friendship is a sacred thing, and -that its death does not loose them from the responsibility laid on them -by that friendship while still alive. The secrets your friend confided -in you while your friend are secrets still. You have no right to make -them common property because she is no longer your friend. All she -told you must be as if it were under the seal of confession. There -is nothing I think more contemptible than a girl who makes use of the -knowledge she acquired of another while they were friends to show her -up to ridicule or scorn. It somehow reminds me of a decoy-duck. It is -some satisfaction, however, to feel that such a creature gets more than -all the contempt and disgust she intended for her sometime friend. - -I am afraid girls lose sight of these responsibilities of friendship, -and think when the last handclasp is loosened they are freed from the -burden of the other’s confidence. But this is emphatically not the -case. A dead friendship is a sacred thing. - -(_To be concluded._) - - - - -ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. - - -EDUCATIONAL. - -NURSE and HOUSEMAID should apply to the secretary, St. Mary’s Hospital, -Paddington, W., stating full particulars. - -L. MARTIN will obtain information on schools, etc., by getting “The -Englishwoman’s Year Book” from Messrs. Hatchards and Co., Piccadilly, -W. Her question is too vague. - -ONE OF THE GIRLS (Belfast).—The openings in India at present are -generally in connection with medical missions, and good governess -situations are not easy to get. You are far too young to think of it -yet. - -A CORNISH LASSIE.—We recommend you to study Dr. Angus’s “Handbook of -the English Tongue” (Mr. Tarn, 56, Paternoster-row, E.C.). You must not -end any sentence with a preposition such as _with_, _for_, _by_, _to_, -_in_, or _of_. Transpose the phrase so as to avoid it or alter it. -“What did he do it for?” is incorrect. You should say, “Why did he do -it?” or “For what reason did he do it?” - -SCHOOLGIRL (Toronto).—Backboards and stocks were both used. The former -are to be seen now in many schoolrooms in England, and when one sees -the rounded shoulders and poor carriage of so many of the present -generation of girls, one wishes that the backboard _régime_ could be -restored. - -E. M. H.—The name Abram meant “a high father.” This was afterwards -changed to Abraham, which means the “father of a great multitude.” See -the promises of God to him in the Book of Genesis. - -H. Y. M.—We must request you to read all that we have recently said -to other correspondents desiring to become governesses, and reckoning -on salaries in accordance with the amount of their certificated -acquirements, but overlooking the circumstances of youth and -inexperience. In your own case, your hand is not formed, and you are -incapable of teaching that essential branch of education—writing; -nor do you express yourself properly—_i.e._, you should not say -“for teaching same as above.” This is a very commercial style of -abbreviating a sentence. Also, you should not say “over seventeen,” but -“upwards of.” We point out such little inelegancies only in kindness, -because your style of letter-writing might obtain or lose you a good -situation, and we wish you well. A visiting governess is generally -better paid than a resident one. - -A CONSTANT READER.—We recommend you to procure a small “Directory -of Girls’ Clubs,” published by Griffith and Farran, corner of St. -Paul’s-churchyard, E.C. - -MISS A. S.—We are glad to bring the Parkinson Society of Lovers of -Hardy Flowers into the notice of our readers, and regret that, although -not specially designed for our girls, it was not until too late for -publication brought before the compiler of the shilling manual of -girls’ clubs above-named. It was founded by the late Juliana H. Ewing, -and had its origin in her story of “Mary’s Meadow,” in reference to -the cultivation, study, and preservation of hardy wild flowers. The -name was given in commemoration of the old herbalist, John Parkinson. -Members of this society receive a parcel of MSS. and books on -gardening every month, from April 1st to November 30th. For rules and -other particulars, apply to the hon. secretary, Miss A. Sargant, 7, -Belsize-grove, London, N.W. - - -ART. - -MIMICA.—The remains of Turner, the painter, are buried in the crypt of -St. Paul’s Cathedral, close to those of Sir Joshua Reynolds. - -COTAGHALEURIN.—We do not usually give addresses. You may procure cheap -unmounted photos in all London bazaars and at many art shops, and the -prices range from four pence to half-a-crown. Your handwriting is good. -We are obliged for your kind offer of a fern, which we are unable to -accept. - -CELANDINE.—1. We consider milk and water a good preparation for setting -pencil drawings. 2. Probably you have forgotten to dip your mould in -cold water, and so wet it before pouring in your lemon sponge. - -K. A.—For setting a smoked picture, see answer on page 399, vol. iii., -to “Charing Cross.” - -TWO SCHOOLBERRIES.—To preserve holly berries, dip them in a solution -of sealing-wax and spirits of wine, such as you employ for colouring -soiled baskets. - -AN INTERESTED READER.—An annual exhibition of china paintings is held -by Messrs. Howell and James, and they will take any articles for it if -fairly well executed. The price is attached to each piece, for which if -sold a small commission is charged. - -ELISE.—To remove the gloss on the surface of a photo, apply the tongue -to the paper, for no preparation is as safe as this natural one. - -VIOLENT.—We cannot make promises as to competitions. Read our -replies on this subject to other inquirers. They can only be of rare -occurrence, and are so planned as to suit the majority of our girls. - -DAPHNE.—It is difficult to paint without a few lessons at the -commencement. Bad habits are formed, which have to be abandoned. -Green’s three shilling volumes on painting from nature, sold by Messrs. -Rowney, might assist you. Study them carefully, and copy the examples -given after having enlarged them. - -SAG.—A “cold shadow” in painting is one that runs from a blue-grey -to black, and a “warm shadow” is a grey tint inclining to crimson or -purple. The shadows are effected by the amount of sunlight at the -time the picture is taken. Megilp is mixed with oil colours and other -mediums, but not to any great extent. Make your capital letters more -distinct. We cannot tell whether you call yourself Sag, Say, Tag, Lag, -or Lay. - -HOWELL and EMMELINE (Barbadoes).—For an article on waxwork, see vol. -i., page 355. It is sufficient for a beginner. We are surprised that -you should select such a field of art in so warm a climate. Surely it -would be very unsuitable? To model in clay or carve in wood or ivory -would, we should fancy, be much more practicable. - - -WORK. - -JUDY.—The cashmere skirt with the beaded bodice would be quite suitable -for a quiet evening at home. - -GERTRUDE.—The only way is to procure orders for the things you make by -going round with a collection of them to the shops, and showing what -you can do; but it would be a very precarious way of living. - -GRANNIE must send the cloth to a good French cleaner. We fear the -crimson spot is a dye, not a stain. - -DAISY RANDOLPH.—Alas! so many of our correspondents write to us about -“a little work they could do at home to add to their incomes.” Such -work is the most difficult to get; but dressmakers are always in -request. Why cannot “Daisy” try dressmaking or millinery, and make a -small home business? - -E. GEMMELL writes in behalf of the Decorative Needlework Society, -45, Baker-street, W., to say that scientific or other dressmaking is -not taught at their institution. The art of decorative needlework, -including church embroidery, is taught, and all desiring such -instruction should address the hon. secretary, Miss Mary Haworth. The -promoters of this society were formerly engaged in that of the Royal -School of Art Needlework. - -SEVENTEEN, MINUS THE SWEETNESS.—Nun’s-cloth, cashmere, or fine alpaca, -are all suitable for inexpensive evening gowns for young girls. We -should think that a crimson or ruby-coloured material would suit -you, though as a rule youth looks best in white. Black lace over a -red foundation is also used by young girls at present, and is not -expensive. - -THERMOMETER.—Steam the plush on the wrong side and shake it well. Curl -the feather with a blunt penknife, drawing each filament separately and -gently between your thumb and the blade. - -MISS RENDELL.—Inquiries being perpetually made by our correspondents -as to any method of disposing of their needlework, we are glad to have -found one at last in a society for the aid of girls and young women. To -those who live by their work, the yearly subscription is 2s. 6d., and -Miss Rendell’s depôt is at 12, Shawfield-street, King’s-road, Chelsea, -S.W. The names of all lady workers are kept quite private. The depôt is -open from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., Saturdays excepted. A commission of 2d. in -the shilling is charged on all work sold, the rent of the house, etc., -having to be met. - -MISS E. RADCLIFFE.—The Pinafore Society is one conducted by this -lady, to which each member subscribes one shilling annually, and must -contribute, as we understand, two pinafores a year likewise. For -further particulars write to the hon. secretary, Balmore, Caversham, -Oxon. - -AMY W.—To make a handsome sermon-case, embroider an ecclesiastical -design upon strong linen with floss silk and gold threads. Transfer -this to good dark velvet, and hide the linen edges by couching a gold -cord round them, lining the velvet with rep silk of same shade of -colour. - -F. L. C. W. (Leicester).—A verse of four lines suitable to embroider on -a needlebook is not easy to find, especially as you give no particulars -as to the receiver of your gift. - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - -EDITH C. JARVIS.—Your little poem gives promise of better to come. -There is considerable freedom, but no original ideas. Had the writer -been younger, we might have tried to find space for it. - -DAISY should read our series of articles on good breeding and etiquette -under every circumstance of life. Possibly these may be published in -separate form, and if so, it may be shortly; but, in any case, we -advise you to read them in their present form. - -DORIS.—See our articles on the meaning of “Girls’ Christian Names,” in -vol. iv., pages 39, 134, 235, and 381. - -ROTHSAY BAY.—Of course, you should say grace before breakfast and -dinner. A very usual form is, “For these, and all Thy mercies, we give -Thee thanks, O Lord!” or, “O Lord! relieve the wants of others, and -make us truly thankful.” It is certainly to be regretted that people -who recognise the duty of returning thanks to God for the “daily bread” -for which they pray, should mutter them hurriedly over, as if ashamed -of them! - -BESSIE.—1. Cousins of any degree of nearness may be legally married. 2. -May 27th, 1868, was a Wednesday. - -HORSESHOE inquires “why some people have different coloured eyes.” We -will tell her if she can inform us why some people’s noses turn up and -some turn down. Such peculiarities may be hereditary, but what the -ancient origin of the distinctive features of various races may be we -do not propose to investigate for our correspondents. - -HELIOTROPE and MARY’S LAMB.—The word “marmalade” is of Greek origin, -composed of two words, “apple” and “honey.” From the same source the -French derive their kindred word _marmelade_, the Spaniards their -_mermelada_, and the Portuguese their _marmelo_. The term is not merely -applied to an orange confection, but likewise to one of apples and of -quinces. - -AN OLD FRIEND AT AACHEN.—We read your letter with much interest. We are -not certain whether you intend to say you are earning £30 in English -money and have also £30 income. If so, and you are now in a situation, -you should dress on £20 and save the rest. - -VANITY.—We have pleasure in directing attention to the opening of a -home for destitute children of the upper classes at Tunbridge Wells. So -much is done for the lower orders, and so very little for poor gentry, -that we sincerely wish this little institution will meet with abundant -support. Address Mrs. Ladds, hon. secretary, 11, South-grove, Tunbridge -Wells. The objects are twofold—to provide a home for the children till -able to earn a livelihood, and to offer temporary change of air to -those whose parents (military, naval, or professional) can only make a -small payment for it. - -JO.—1. We recommend you to go or write to the New Zealand Emigration -Office in Victoria-street, Westminster, S.W., where you will obtain -all the information you need. 2. The 14th of September, 1864, was a -Wednesday. - -FAUVETTE.—To fasten small shells on boxes, strong glue is used, or -cement such as you buy at a chemist’s for mending china. We are much -pleased that you value our paper. Of course, you are one of “our girls.” - -VENTURE.—The poem is prose badly rhymed. How can you make a -“thankoffering of a friend”? Your thoughts are confused, and your -metaphors nonsense. - -ALICE CANN.—Your duty is to serve the Lord faithfully, relying on His -grace and aid in whatever situation His Providence has placed you; but -if one of special temptation, you may seek a less trying one when able. -On no account, however, neglect your obedience to His command, and give -up your attendance on His divine ordinances, especially that of Holy -Communion. It would be the first step in a downward direction. We have -a battle to fight, the “fight of faith,” and must “overcome evil with -good.” You write a very pretty hand. Accept our best wishes. - -MABELLE.—There is no sequel to either book, nor has the “Mystery of -Edwin Drood” been finished by anyone bearing authority from the Dickens -family. - -JUST EIGHTEEN.—The mutual opening of each other’s letters should -be made from the beginning a matter of distinct agreement between -a husband and wife. However great the mutual confidence may be, -expediency may often render the indiscriminate opening of letters -undesirable as a regular rule. In fact, it would be better, in our -opinion, that each should open their own and respect those of the -other, thereby showing the greater confidence in that respect. -Voluntarily to read aloud the ordinary letters to each other is -certainly desirable. - -TROUBLESOME FLO.—We do not think the lines original enough to get into -print, but they show a very sweet and tender-hearted disposition, and -no doubt it gave you pleasure to write them, and relieved your heart at -the time; so be satisfied with that, and cherish the good and loving -thoughts, and seek ever what is best. - -TULLIALLAN.—Christmas Day, 1860, was a Tuesday. - -BOBTAIL.—January 4th, 1874, was a Sunday. - -JEANETTE.—You would be both rash and imprudent in marrying so -unreliable a man. His saying that he “could do so much with you” is -mere talk, when every act has contradicted the assertion. Besides, he -has no right to reckon upon leaning on you. You have a right to expect -to lean upon him. He is a broken reed to depend upon, and would drag -you down to poverty, and then, when failures and want have tried his -weak nature, who knows the result? Drink might follow. It is unmanly -and dishonourable in a man who has no home nor money to ask any woman -to marry him, and you are fully justified in withdrawing from the -engagement without asking his permission, having already excused his -failures so often. Ask your parents to dismiss him if troublesome. - -MARGARET.—What is called house-leek, or, vulgarly, “hen and chickens,” -is a very good plant for bordering a garden bed. - -A YOUNG MOTHER (New Zealand).—Your very gratifying letter has been -long unanswered, but we greatly appreciate the opinion you express -respecting this paper, and thank you for it sincerely, the more so as -your sole object in writing is to encourage us in our work by a few -gracious words. Accept our best wishes for you and yours. - -ROGATOR.—We read in _Notes and Queries_ that whenever the German -knights headed an infamous Jew hunt in the Middle Ages they shouted -“Hip-hip!” equivalent to saying “Jerusalem is destroyed!” “Hip” is -said to be a _notarica_ of the letters _Hierosolima est perdita_. The -authority given is Henri van Laun. The word “hurrah!” is taken from the -word _Huraj_, “to Paradise,” and the two words thus connected would -seem to mean “Jerusalem is lost to the Infidel” (or unbelieving Jew or -Saracen), “and we are on the way to Paradise.” - -MUMBLES.—“There is a tide in the affairs of men,” is taken from -Shakespeare’s _Julius Cæsar_, act iv., scene 3. - -[Illustration: - - “FREEZE, FREEZE, THOU BITTER SKY, - THOU DOST NOT BITE SO NIGH - AS BENEFITS FORGOT.”] - -A CONSTANT READER tells us that she became so deaf from a severe -cold, that she could not hear the clock strike when close to it. For -this deafness she tried the following prescription, for which, she -says, a lady paid a physician three guineas. She moistened a little -wool with the fat of uncooked bacon, and put it in her ears, changing -it every second day. The weather being cold, she tied a lace lappet -over her ears, and when out of doors covered them with her bonnet -strings. In less than a fortnight her hearing was restored, and she -has had no return of deafness. Another lady recovered her hearing by -means of taking a strong tonic, taking also nourishing food, and so -strengthening the entire system, and with equally satisfactory results. - -S. MEARER.—We do not recommend the profession you name. It is one of -such great temptation, and such a hindrance to spiritual life and -progress. It is also exceedingly trying to the health. - -HELEN ADA.—All games of ball are of very remote origin. The Greeks -played them assiduously, and gave a statue to Aristonicus for his -wonderful play. Tennis is thought, from the terms used in the game, -to have originated in France prior to the fifteenth century. There -is a book called “Annals of Tennis,” by Julian Marshall, which would -interest you. - -AWKWARD SIXTEEN.—Ask a surgeon. We could not give an opinion without -seeing them. It is always a risky thing to carry bottles full of any -liquid in a trunk; it is better to put them in the handbag, if there be -room. - -NOTE OF INTERROGATION.—A widow can claim a third of her husband’s -property, and the remaining two-thirds are divided in equal shares -between his children, by whichever wife. The marriage settlements, if -any exist, are apart from this. You may have money from this source. - -A. B. C.—Always consult your rector as to the decorations of his -church. Your writing is fairly good and legible. - -PERSIS.—It would be better to consult your doctor about your fits of -sneezing, as there are several causes, and, independently of outward -irritation of the air passages, some affections of the stomach are said -to produce them. - -SARA AMELIA.—The Mishna of the Jews was the oral law, and the Gemara -was the commentary upon it, and these two united form the Talmud. The -Masora is the true reading of the Scriptures, while the before-named -Mishna and Gemara combined gave the true interpretation. The -commencement of the Masoretic Notes is dated by some as far back as the -time of Ezra, the inspired writer of the book bearing his name in the -Old Testament. - -VIOLET and SUNFLOWER.—The St. Bernard puppies could be disposed of by -advertising them. Of course, a pedigree would make them more valuable. -We should think that the fowls wanted a much warmer fowl-house. - -ELLA must put her name on her mother’s card. Young ladies of twenty-one -do not have separate cards. - -ARIEL.—Leave the steel brooch in oil for a day or two, and then rub it -well with chamois leather. Should that prove ineffectual in removing -the rust, send it to a silversmith to be cleaned. - -E. M. H. must let her friends know that she has returned, and the best -way to do that is to call and see them. - -ERNESTINE.—The name De Lesseps is pronounced as in English, excepting -that the final “s” is mute. The name Sodor is derived from _Sodor Eys_, -or South Isles—_i.e._, the Hebrides, the Orkneys being known as the -North Isles. These Southern or Western Isles were made an Episcopal -diocese by Magnus, King of Norway, in 1098, and were united as one -diocese to the Isle of Man in 1113. - -JOHN’S KITTEN.—May 6th, 1853, was a Friday, and July 21st, 1867, was a -Sunday. We are glad to hear that our answers have helped you. - -JANIE SHAW.—Miss Ellman, The Rectory, Berwich, Sussex, is secretary of -an early rising society, as well as of other societies. - -F. E. S.—There is always a table for finding dates in every “Whitaker’s -Almanack.” - -MISS MOORE SMITH wishes it to be known that her Home Workers’ -Missionary Union passed from her hands into those of Miss Chute, 25, -Longford-terrace, Monkstown, co. Dublin, and thence again into other -management. Perhaps Miss Chute might give any information desired. - -DAISY A. (Moor-street).—The “Old Maid’s Story” is not without merit. -The language flows very easily, and, with more experience and plenty -of perseverance, we think the writer might do something worth reading -later on. - -FORGET-ME-NOT, MAGGIE DAVIES, and LITTLE DOT.—Write to our publisher -about the index, “Crown of Flowers,” etc. The 13th November, 1833, was -a Wednesday, and the 12th October, 1833, a Saturday. It is pleasant to -hear of your appreciation of the G. O. P. - - * * * * * - -[Transcriber’s Note—the following changes have been made to this text. - -Page 211: dreadfuly to dreadfully—“dreadfully sensible”.] - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GIRL'S OWN PAPER, VOL. VIII, NO. -366, JANUARY 1, 1887 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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