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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..769b6c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65710 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65710) diff --git a/old/65710-0.txt b/old/65710-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 7cecae2..0000000 --- a/old/65710-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8851 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Synopsis of the British Mosses, by Chas. -P. Hobkirk - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: A Synopsis of the British Mosses - Containing Descriptions of All the Genera and Species, (With - Localities of the Rarer Ones) Found in Great Britain and Ireland, - Based Upon Wilsons Bryologia Britannica, Schimpers Synopsis, - Etc. - -Author: Chas. P. Hobkirk - -Release Date: June 27, 2021 [eBook #65710] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH -MOSSES *** - - - - - A SYNOPSIS - OF - THE BRITISH MOSSES, - CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE - GENERA AND SPECIES, - (WITH LOCALITIES OF THE RARER ONES) - FOUND IN - GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, - BASED UPON - WILSON’S “BRYOLOGIA BRITANNICA,” - SCHIMPER’S “SYNOPSIS,” ETC. - - - BY CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, - - _President of the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society_. - - - LONDON: - - L. REEVE & CO., - - 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. - - MDCCCLXXIII. - - - - - PREFACE. - - -It is not my desire that this little volume should be looked upon as -anything more than what is expressed in the title, simply “A SYNOPSIS OF -THE BRITISH MOSSES,” and as a kind of _vade-mecum_ to the working -Bryologist, as well as a guide to beginners. It is not altogether an -original work, nor yet is it a mere compilation, for nearly every -species has been carefully examined under the microscope before being -described, and then the diagnoses compared with other works, principally -that great text-book of British Bryologists, “Wilson’s Bryologia -Britannica.” Besides this work, I have also largely consulted, and drawn -from, Bruch and Schimper’s “Bryologia Europæa,” Schimper’s “Synopsis,” -Dr. Mueller’s “Synopsis,” the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, the -_Bulletins_ of the Royal Botanical Societies of France and of Belgium; -and last, but not least, the valuable papers recently contributed by Dr. -Braithwaite to “Journal of Botany,” “Grevillea,” and the “Monthly -Microscopical Journal,” and also some papers by Mr. Mitten in the -first-named publication. - -In the general arrangement of the genera and species, I have mainly -followed the “Bryologia Britannica,” as I did not consider myself -justified in departing widely from it, although many of our principal -Muscologists look upon it as very faulty; but I did not hold my -authority sufficient to alter what has become a classical arrangement -amongst us: and more particularly as both Dr. Braithwaite and the Rev. -J. Fergusson are engaged upon more critical examinations, prior to the -publication of new and more natural arrangements. The Analysis of the -Genera is principally founded upon the same part from Wilson, and is -intended not as an arrangement, but merely a key. - -In the “Appendix” will be found a few omitted species, and alterations -of nomenclature, as well as a few _errata_, which should be noted in the -margin at their proper places. - -I much regret that, by an oversight, I have omitted to insert var. δ -_squarrosulum_ under _Sphagnum cymbifolium_, gathered by my friend Mr. -Bagnall, in Sutton Park, Birmingham; and the same locality should be -added after _Hypnum aduncum_, _H. Sendtneri_, and _H. intermedium_. - -I must here express my gratitude and thanks to those gentlemen who have -so kindly assisted me in its preparation, both with the loan or gift of -specimens of the rarer and newer species, and also for the diagnoses -received from several, where specimens were not attainable. Amongst -these gentlemen I must specially thank Dr. Hooker for his kind -permission to use the Herbarium specimens and Library at Kew, and Mr. J. -G. Baker, F.L.S., for his valuable assistance in doing so; also Dr. -Braithwaite, F.L.S., Mr. J. Bagnall, of Birmingham; Dr. F. Buchanan -White, of Dunkeld; Dr. Fraser, of Wolverhampton; Rev. J. Fergusson, of -New Pitsligo; Mr. Carruthers, F.L.S., of British Museum; Mr. G. E. Hunt, -of Manchester; Mr. John Sim, of Strachan; Mr. W. Galt, of Edinburgh; M. -P. Goulard, of Caen, Calvados; and lastly, all those gentlemen and -ladies who so readily came forward as subscribers to the number of -upwards of 200, to assist in the publication of the volume. - - CHAS. P. HOBKIRK. - - HUDDERSFIELD, - _February, 1873_. - - - - - LIST OF CONTRACTIONS USED IN THIS VOLUME. - - - br. _branches._ - br. l. _branch leaves._ - cal. calyp. _calyptra._ - caps. _capsule._ - fem. _female._ - fl. _flower._ - fr. _fruit or fructification._ - infl. _inflorescence._ - innov. _innovations._ - l. _leaves._ - m.m. _millimetres._ - ped. _pedicel_ or _seta_. - per. perist. _peristome._ - per. l. and p. l. _perychætial leaves._ - per. teeth. _teeth of peristome._ - perig. l. _perigonial leaves._ - st. _stem._ - st. l. _stem leaves._ - - - - - NOTICE TO COLLECTORS. - - -It is my intention, as soon as sufficient material can be accumulated, -to publish “A Geographical Distribution of the British Mosses,” and, in -furtherance of this object, I should esteem it a great favor if all -collectors throughout the kingdom would kindly be at the trouble of -forwarding to me, as early as convenient, complete lists of the Mosses -found by themselves or their friends, in their several districts, with -any notes they may think desirable respecting them, and, where possible, -the range and habitat of the various species. I feel sure I have only to -mention this to ensure an abundant return of information for a work -which is really wanted, and shall, so far as any exertions on my part -can ensure it, be really valuable. - - C. P. H. - - - - - ANALYSIS OF GENERA. - - - SECT. I. ACROCARPI. - - Fr. terminal (or in a few instances cladocarpous). - - - DIVISION A. Capsule without a deciduous lid. - - _a._ caps. bursting irregularly. - - ARCHIDIUM (3). Perennial; caps. _globular_, _sessile_; - calyptra thin and membranous, irregularly torn in the middle; - _spores large_; infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform, - two-leaved or naked in axils of perichætial leaves. PAGE 26. - - PHASCUM (4). _Annual._ Caps. ovate or roundish, very shortly - _pedicillate_; calyptra campanulate; spores _small_, roughish; - infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform either at base of plant, - or axillary, rarely terminal and discoid. 26. - - _b._ caps. bursting regularly. - - ANDREÆA (1). Caps. oval erect, opening by four _longitudinal - slits_, sessile on a stalked vaginula; calyptra mitriform, - thin; spores small, at first clustered together in fours: - perennial. 21. - - - DIVISION B. Capsule with a deciduous lid. - - I. PERISTOME NONE. - - _a._ caps. sessile on a stalked vaginula. - - SPHAGNUM (2). Perennial, aquatic; caps. globular, sessile on - the turbinate fleshy stalked vaginula; lid flattish, calyptra - surrounding the ripe caps., ruptured near the middle; spores - as in _Andreæa_. Infl. monoicous or dioicous. 23. - - _b._ caps. pedicillate; vaginula sessile. - - α. caps. cylindrical; lid with a straight beak; calyptra mitriform. - - ENCALYPTA (29) (In part). Caps. erect, regular, oblong or - ovate-lanceolate, smooth or striate, lid conical with a - longish almost filiform beak; calyptra very large, covering - the capsule, fringed at base (peris. when present of 16 teeth, - inner of 16 alternating erect cilia). Infl. monoicous or - dioicous; barren fl. gemmiform, axillary or terminal. 74. - - β. caps. oval, lid with an oblique beak; calyptra dimidiate. - - GYMNOSTOMUM (5). Perennial; leaves of close firm texture, with - small dense areolæ; barren fl. gemmiform, in monoicous species - placed near the base of perichætium. 31. - - POTTIA (21). Annual or biennial; l. rather succulent, with lax - quadrate or rectangular areolæ, the lower ones enlarged. Infl. - monoicous; barren fl. near the fertile, naked, or gemmiform - with three leaves. 55. - - γ. caps. roundish-pyriform; lid obliquely rostrate. - - STYLOSTEGIUM. (12). Perennial; caps. on a very short pedicel; - calyptra small, cucullate, scarcely covering the lid; l. - channelled, secund. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform. 38. - - ANODUS (11). Annual or biennial; caps. pedicillate; columella - free; l. setaceous, erect. 38. - - δ. caps. obovate or clavate; lid plane or conical; l. loosely - reticulated. - - * Calyptra mitriform. - - SCHISTOSTEGA (70). Caps. small oval, lid convex; calyptra - small, _at length dimidiate_; infl. dioicous terminal, barren - fl. gemmiform; l. nerveless, vertically distichous, very - tender, areolæ large rhomboid. 135. - - PHYSCOMITRIUM (59). Annual or biennial. Primary stem - terminated by a discoid barren fl. from below which rises a - branch bearing a terminal fertile fl.; caps. clavate, lid - convex; calyptra large inflated; l. spreading every way, - nerved; areolæ large oblong, acute. 127. - - * * Calyptra dimidiate. - - ŒDIPODIUM (69). Caps. with a long tapering apophysis, - gradually passing into the fruit-stalk; lid plano-convex; - infl. monoicous or synoicous; l. succulent broad, obtuse; - areolæ roundish hexagonal, larger at base. 135. - - ε. caps. globose; lid almost plane. - - * Calyptra conico-mitriform, small; l. nerveless. - - HEDWIGIA (30). Caps. immersed, sub-sessile; infl. monoicous, - barren fl. axillary gemmiform; areolæ small quadrate, longer - and flexuose below. 76. - - HEDWIGIDIUM (31). Caps. exserted on a short pedicel; barren - fl. terminal; stem stoloniferous; l. plicate longitudinally, - areolæ longer. 77. - - * * Calyptra dimidiate; l. nerved. - - BARTRAMIDULA (60). Caps. on a curved pedicel, smooth, - cernuous; infl. synoicous; lid small sub-conical; calyptra - small cucullate; areolæ lax, oblong-hexagonal. 128. - - - II. PERISTOME SINGLE. - - SUB-DIV. I. Calyptra mitriform. - - † Calyptra plicato-striate. - - _a._ teeth four. - - TETRAPHIS (38). Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose; per. teeth - long rigid, with irregular longitudinal lines; areolæ - hexagonal. 98. - - TETRODONTIUM (39). Annual, stem none, gregarious; l. few, very - minute. 99. - - _b._ Teeth 16, equidistant. - - PTYCHOMITRIUM (35). Caps. erect, regular, tapering at base, - annulus large, lid conico-rostrate; teeth bifid, not - hygroscopic; calyptra deeply furrowed, mitriform, subulate - above, shorter than capsule; infl. monoicous; barren. fl. - gemmiform, generally axillary. 89. - - _c._ Teeth 16, in pairs. - - GLYPHOMITRIUM (34). Calyptra large ventricose laciniate below, - entirely covering the capsule, contracted at the base; Infl. - as in last; per. teeth hygroscopic reflexed when dry. 88. - - ORTHOTRICHUM (36). (partly) Perennial in round tufts; caps. - erect, immersed or exserted, pear-shaped or elliptical, with - 8, rarely 16, coloured striæ; peristome either single or - double, sometimes absent; outer of 32 teeth, connected so as - to seem 8 or 16, broad and flat, inner of 8 or 16 equal cilia, - or 16 alternately shorter ones; lid short, conico-rostellate; - calyptra large campanulate, with about eight furrows, base - somewhat torn, and mostly covered with short hair-like - processes, but not contracted. 89. - - † † Calyptra smooth, not plicate. - - _a._ Teeth 16, equidistant. - - * Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose. - - ENCALYPTA (partly) [29.] _vide ante. p. 2._ - - SCHISTIDIUM. Caps. immersed, obovate or roundish, mouth wide; - calyptra small, conico-mitriform, columella adhering to the - deciduous lid; teeth large, barred, without medial lines, - often perforate. Infl. monoicous or dioicous (included in - _Grimmia_). - - GRIMMIA (32). Caps. pedicillate, seta often flexuose, ovate or - oblong, rarely ventricose, sometimes striated, teeth large - lanceolate, barred, perforate, bi-trifid; calyptra five-lobed - at base, sometimes dimidiate; columella free. Infl. monoicous - or dioicous.; areolæ small dense, larger at base. 77. - - RACOMITRIUM (33). Caps. oblong, erect, smooth, on a straight - pedicel, teeth bi-trifid, sometimes very long, sometimes - short, filiform unequal; calyptra large, with a subulate solid - papillose beak, lid conico-subulate, straight; leaves with - sinuous areolæ. Infl. dioicous. 86. - - * * Annual or biennial, gregarious; leaves setaceous. - - CAMPYLOSTELIUM (8). Caps. drooping, on a bent seta oblong, - smooth; teeth long lanceolate, barred, entire at base, cleft - at summit, and connected by a membrane at base; calyptra - small, conico-subulate, five-cleft at base. Infl. monoicous; - barren fl. gemmiform; areolæ minute, much enlarged and - diaphanous at base. 36. - - BRACHYODUS (9). Caps. oblong sub-striate, teeth very short - truncate, partly confluent, equidistant; lid convex with a - slender beak; calyptra conical, three to five-lobed at base, - sub-dimidiate. Infl. monoicous gemmiform. St. very short, - annual or biennial. 36. - - _b._ Teeth 16, in pairs, plane, reflexed when dry. - - SPLACHNUM (65). Caps. sub-cylindrical or ovate, on a very - large spongy coloured apophysis; teeth lanceolate oblong - obtuse, plane, yellowish; calyptra small, entire or lacerated - at base. Infl. generally dioicous; barren, fl. capituliform, - naked or with small scattered leaves. 133. - - _c._ Peristome a conical plicate membrane. - - DIPHYSCIUM (41). Caps. very large sessile, oblique ovate, - gibbous; calyptra small, entire at base, scarcely covering the - conical lid. 99. - - - SUB-DIV. II. Calyptra dimidiate. - - _a._ Calyptra inflexed at base, at first conico-mitriform, caps. - clavato-pyriform; teeth 16 or 32 plane, more or less paired, with a - medial line. - - DISSODON (68). Caps. oval, with a long solid tapering neck, - lid conico-convex, obtuse, teeth 32, united into eight - bi-geminate teeth, or into 16 pairs, linear-lanceolate, - incurved when dry; leaves obtuse entire. Infl. monoicous or - synoicous, barren fl. gemmiform. 134. - - TAYLORIA (67). Caps. with a long clavate or sub-pyriform neck; - teeth 16, or 32 cohering in pairs, reflexed when dry; leaves - acuminate serrated. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. capituliform. 134. - - _b._ Calyptra not indexed at base. - - * Teeth in eight pairs, reflexed when dry. - - TETRAPLODON (66). Caps. with a solid clavate or oval apophysis - wider than itself; leaves loosely reticulated, acuminate. - Infl. monoicous, barren fl. gemmiform or capituliform, - 3–5–leaved. 134. - - ZYGODON (37) (partly). Caps. erect, pyriform, striated, - apophysate. Perist. double, single, or absent; outer teeth 32 - united two or four together, representing 16 or 8 plane teeth, - inner of 8 or 16 cilia, alternating; calyptra small cucullate - smooth oblique, lid obliquely rostrate; leaves minutely - dotted. 97. - - * * Teeth 16 equidistant, simple, or nearly so. - - ‡ Caps. pyriform or oval, erect or inclined. - - ENTOSTHODON (58). Caps. erect, pyriform, symmetrical; lid - plano-convex, teeth short and broad triangular; calyptra - inflated below, cucullate; leaves loosely reticulated. 127. - - MIELICHHOFERIA (53). Caps. pyriform, inclined or horizontal, - on a slender curved seta; calyptra small, not inflated; teeth - longer, linear-subulate, confluent and dilated at base. 124. - - BLINDIA (13). Caps. roundish, turbinate-erect; teeth 16 - lanceolate, remotely barred, entire or perforate, sometimes - cleft; calyptra angular at base, afterwards cleft on one side; - seta short; perennial cæspitose. 39. - - SELIGERIA (10). Caps. roundish-pyriform, smooth, teeth - lanceolate obtuse, sometimes perforate, without medial line; - calyptra small cucullate; leaves setaceous; stems annual or - biennial gregarious, not cæspitose. Infl. monoicous, terminal - gemmiform. 37. - - BRACHYODUS (9). _See page 6._ - - RHABDOWEISSIA (7). Caps. shortly oval, eight-striate, wide - mouthed, teeth lanceolate or subulate, barred, without medial - line; beak slender, inclined; calyptra cucullate; leaves - channelled lax; stems perennial, cæspitose. 36. - - WEISSIA (6). Caps. oblong-ovate, smooth, teeth lanceolate or - linear-lanceolate, free at base, without medial line, convex, - sometimes perforate and bifid; leaves of close texture; stems - as above. 33. - - ANACALYPTA (22). Caps. oval on a long straight pedicel; teeth - united at base by a membrane, plane, lanceolate, entire or - perforate, no medial line; leaves succulent with lax areolæ; - stem annual or biennial. 57. - - ‡ ‡ Caps. globose, nearly horizontal. - - DISCELIUM (64). Almost stemless; caps. decurrent into the - suddenly bent neck; teeth lanceolate, cleft half way from base - upwards; leaves few minute, gemmiform. 133. - - CATASCOPIUM (63). Caps. smooth, shining, neck bent, and - tapering into the seta, mouth somewhat oblique; teeth short - truncate, irregular, barred, with a medial line; leaves - numerous, nerved, of firm texture. 132. - - CONOSTOMUM (62). Caps. cernuous, obscurely furrowed when dry; - teeth linear-lanceolate, barred, converging and united - together into a cone; perennial. 132. - - * * * Teeth 16, deeply bifid, equidistant. - - ‡ Caps. erect, symmetrical. - - DESMATODON (23). Caps. oval or oblong, sometimes almost - pendulous; teeth subulate, united at base by a membrane, - bi-trifid; lid rostellate; leaves soft broad, papillose at - back. 58. - - ‡ ‡ Caps. sub-erect, rather unequal. - - CYNODONTIUM (15). Caps. ovate-oblong, or obliquely - sub-pyriform, smooth, teeth lanceolate, connivent, dilated at - base, entire or cleft to base, sometimes barred, deep red; lid - rostrate. 39. - - ARCTOA (14). Caps. oval or almost turbinate, striate, - contracted below the wide mouth when dry; teeth lanceolate - subulate, cleft, or perforate and entire, bars not prominent; - lid large, obliquely rostrate. 39. - - ‡ ‡ ‡ Caps. cernuous or inclined, unequal. - - DICRANUM (16). Caps. mostly cernuous, smooth or striated, - regular, gibbous or curved, with a tapering apophysis, or - sometimes strumose, teeth equidistant, confluent at base, - incurved, lanceolate, cleft half way into unequal portions, - barred, occasionally perforate, with a medial line; lid - rostrate oblique; leaves of close texture, nerved and more or - less secund; areolation linear at the base. 40. - - [DICRANELLA. Plant smaller than in _Dicranum_, and less - robust, areolation rectangular at the base, in other respects - similar.] - - LEUCOBRYUM (17). Caps., lid and peristome as in _Dicranum_. - Leaves spongy, composed of a double layer of loose cellular - tissue, white or pale glaucous green, sub-secund, nerve - indistinct. 49. - - FISSIDENS (71). Caps. cernuous or erect, more or less - truncate, teeth long and tapering from a lanceolate base, - cleft half way into unequal segments, geniculate, barred; - fruit in some species _cladocarpous_, leaves vertically - distichous. 135. - - CERATODON (18). Caps. sub-cylindrical unequal, with a short - ventricose or strumose neck; teeth deeply cleft, or of two - equal subulate portions connected below by prominent - trabeculæ, of two differently coloured laminæ, the outer red, - the inner and broader yellow. 49. - - ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Capsule on an arcuate seta. - - CAMPYLOPUS (20). Caps. oval or oblong, regular or gibbous on - upper side, tapering at base, striated, lid conico-subulate or - rostrate, teeth deeply bifid; calyptra large, fringed at base; - leaves with a broad nerve. 50. - - DICRANODONTIUM (19). Caps. elliptical smooth, teeth - linear-lanceolate, cleft nearly to base into unequal portions, - obliquely striate; calyptra not fringed at base. 49. - - * * * * Teeth 32, in pairs, narrow or filiform. - - DIDYMODON (25). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical, teeth 32 (16 - Wilson) linear-lanceolate, _not obviously united by a basilar - membrane_, tender and fugacious, entire or perforate. 58. - - TRICHOSTOMUM (26). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical or oval, - smooth, teeth 32 in unequal pairs (often so united as to - appear 16 simple or perforate teeth), connected by a narrow - basilar membrane, persistent. 60. - - DISTICHIUM (24). Caps. as in last; teeth 32 (16 Wilson) not - confluent at base, linear-lanceolate, entire, perforate or - cleft, with a medial line; leaves _distichous_, setaceous from - a sheathing base. 58. - - TORTULA (27). Caps. mostly erect ovate-oblong, smooth, teeth - 32 very long filiform _twisted_, articulate papillose, outer - cellules yellow, inner red, often united into a membrane at - base; leaves not distichous. 63. - - CINCLIDOTUS (28). Caps. immersed ovate or oval, smooth, teeth - 32 perfect or rudimentary, adhering at top to columella, - contorted, anastomosing at base. 74. - - * * * * * Teeth 32 or 64 equidistant, short, obtuse, connected at apex - by a tympanum, formed of dilated apex of columella; nerve of leaf - covered with vertical lamellæ. - - † Caps. not angular. - - ATRICHUM (42). Caps. cylindrical, erect or cernuous, calyptra - narrow, almost naked, spinulose at apex only; teeth 32 - ligulate rigid, united at base by a narrow membrane, leaves - not sheathing, lamellæ few, nerve narrow. Columella round. 100. - - OLIGOTRICHUM (43). Caps. sub-cylindrical, erect, gibbous, - peristome as above; calyptra slightly setose at apex; leaves - sheathing at base, more lamellated, nerve wider; columella - winged. 101. - - POGONATUM (44) Caps. ovate or urceolate, regular, erect or - inclined, calyptra very hairy, peristome as above; leaves - rigid, densely lamellated, nerve thick and broad. 101. - - † † Caps. angular; teeth 64, rarely 32. - - POLYTRICHUM (46). Caps. with a discoid apophysis, erect, when - ripe horizontal; teeth 64 (in some species 32). Calyptra very - hairy; leaves as in last. 102. - - - III. PERISTOME DOUBLE. - - _a._ Caps. plano-convex. - - BUXBAUMIA (40). Caps. very large, apophysate, oblique; outer - teeth irregular reddish, opaque, inner a pale conical plicate - membrane, calyptra small, only covering the conical obtuse - lid, fugacious, entire or laterally cleft. 99. - - _b._ Caps. cylindrical. - - ENCALYPTA (partly) (29). _vide ante p. 2._ - - _c._ Caps. oblong. - - ORTHOTRICHUM (chiefly) (36). _vide ante p. 5._ - - _d._ Caps. obovate, unequal, mouth oblique. - - FUNARIA (57). Caps. obliquely pyriform ventricose, sub-erect - or cernuous; outer perist. 16, obliquely lanceolate, teeth - trabeculate, longitudinally striate, and connected at apex by - a small circular disc, very hygrometric, inner a membrane - divided into 16 lanceolate processes opposite to outer; - calyptra inflated below. 126. - - AMBLYODON (56). Caps. clavate or sub-pyriform, incurved - sub-erect; perist. outer, 16 short, erect, obtuse teeth; inner - (longer) a membrane divided into 16 carinate processes, - without cilia. Calyptra indexed at base; leaves loosely - reticulated. 125. - - MEESIA (55). Caps, obovate or clavate, curved, gibbous, - sub-erect, neck long, tapering into seta; perist. outer 16 - short, obtuse teeth, somewhat united to inner, entire or split - along medial line; inner same as last; leaves of close firm - texture, strongly nerved. 125. - - _e._ Capsule striated. - - ZYGODON (37). _vide ante p. 7._ - - AULACOMNION (47). Caps. oval or oblong apophysate, cernuous on - a flexuose seta; perist. outer 16 teeth, lanceolate-subulate, - barred; inner a thin membrane divided half way into 16 - carinate lacunose processes, with cilia two or three together. - Branches bearing terminal globular masses (_pseudopodia_) of - rudimentary leaves or gemmæ. 105. - - BARTRAMIA (61). Caps. globose, rather large, erect or - cernuous, rarely pendulous, not apophysate; perist. double, - single, or wanting; outer 16 equidistant lanceolate teeth; - inner a membrane divided into 16 carinate lanceolate - processes, splitting along the middle, alternating, sometimes - with cilia; calyptra small dimidiate; leaves papillose or - muriculate. 128. - - _f._ Caps. smooth, mostly pyriform. - - PALUDELLA (54). Caps. oval-oblong, slightly curved, cernuous - or sub-erect, lid mammillate; peristome as in _Bryum_, inner - without cilia; leaves squarrose. 125. - - TIMMIA (46). Caps. obovate, cernuous; perist. outer 16 teeth, - inner, a membrane divided half way into 64 filiform processes; - variously united at the summits; leaves sheathing, rigid, - lanceolate; barren fl. axillary, gemmiform. Infl. monoicous. 104. - - ORTHODONTIUM (48). Caps. clavoto-pyriform, inclined; perist. - outer 16 teeth indexed when dry; inner deeply divided into 16 - narrow carinate processes; leaves very tender, narrow, not - sheathing; barren fl. axillary, gemmiform, aggregate. Infl. - monoicous. 106. - - LEPTOBRYUM (49). Caps. and perist. as in _Bryum_; stems of - annual growth without innovations; leaves almost setaceous. - Infl. synoicous. 106. - - BRYUM (50). Caps. pyriform cernuous or inclined; perist. outer - 16 teeth, inner a membrane divided half way into 16 carinate - segments with or without cilia; stems perennial, with - innovations below the terminal flower; barren fl. gemmiform or - naked. 106. - - MNIUM (51). Caps. oblong pendulous; perist. as in _Bryum_; - stems with innovations from the lower part; leaves large; - barren fl. discoid; infl. dioicous or synoicous. 121. - - CINCLIDIUM (52). Caps., leaves and stem as in _Mnium_, outer - teeth 16 short, inner cupuliform. 124. - - - SECT. I. _b._ CLADOCARPI. - - Fruit terminal on very short lateral branches. - - DIV. I. _Peristome none._ - - SPHAGNUM (2). _vide ante p. 1._ - - DIV. II. _Peristome single._ - - MIELICHHOFERIA (53). _vide ante p. 8._ - - FISSIDENS (71) partly. _vide ante p. 10._ - - CINCLIDOTUS (28) occasionally. _vide ante p. 12._ - - - SECT. II. PLEUROCARPI. - - Fructification truly lateral. - - DIV. I. _Calyptra dimidiate._ - - SUB-DIV. I. _Peristome none._ - - ANŒCTANGIUM (72). Caps. oval or obovate, erect, with a short - slightly inflated neck; lid conico-convex with a long slender - oblique beak; stems erect, cæspitose. 139. - - SUB-DIV. II. _Perist. single, of 16 teeth._ - - HABRODON (77). Caps. oval-oblong erect, calyptra large, lid - conical; st. sub-erect, l. spreading, nerveless, soft and - opaque; per. teeth simple, linear, inserted below mouth of - caps., remotely articulate: dioicous. 141. - - SUB-DIV. III. _Peristome almost single._ - - _a._ _inner peristome very short and indistinct._ - - LEUCODON (73). Caps. oval erect, on a short pedicel; calyptra - large; outer teeth 16 bifid or perforate, not hygroscopic; - surculi erect simple; leaves plicato-striate, nerveless. 139. - - PTEROGONIUM (78). Caps. oblong erect, on a long seta; calyptra - small; outer teeth 16 simple, hygroscopic; surculi dendroid, - with fasciculate curved branches; leaves not striate. 141. - - LEPTODON (75). Caps. oval on a very short seta; calyptra and - vaginula hairy; teeth 16 linear-lanceolate, entire or fissile, - not hygroscopic; surculi pinnate; branches curled when dry; - leaves very obtuse. 140. - - SUB-DIV. IV. _Peristome double._ - - _a._ _Inner perist. of 16 cilia._ - - ANTITRICHIA (74). Caps, oval, regular, on a short curved seta; - calyptra rather large smooth; inner peristome of 16 filiform - processes; outer 16 tapering teeth with a medial line; surculi - procumbent, pinnate. 140. - - ANOMODON (76). Caps. oval-oblong erect, on a long seta; lid - obliquely rostrate; calyptra small; perist. as in last: stems - erect with erect branches, cæspitose; leaves of close texture - acuminate, nerved. 140. - - CYLINDROTHECIUM (81). Caps. cylindrical, regular, erect; outer - teeth 16 inserted below mouth of capsule; inner of 16 narrow - carinate processes; lid shortly rostellate; stem procumbent - pinnate; leaves ovate concave, faintly two-nerved at base. 142. - - NECKERA (85). Caps. oval-oblong, immersed or pedicillate; lid - obliquely rostrate, outer teeth 16 linear-subulate, long, - connivent into a cone; inner as above; stems pinnate; leaves - complanate. St. sub-erect from a creeping rhizome. 182. - - _b._ _Inner peristome a membrane divided half way into 16 carinate - segments with or without cilia._ - - * Caps. symmetrical, erect or sub-erect. - - OMALIA (84). Leaves complanate smooth, falciform, obtuse, - serrulate at apex, not undulate (allied to _Neckera_). - - LESKEA (82). Perist. outer of 16 narrow barred teeth, inner - without (rarely with) intermediate cilia, leaves mostly ovate, - nerved or nerveless, entire, spreading every way. 143. - - CLIMACIUM (80). Caps. oblong, erect; lid adhering to the - persistent columella; outer teeth linear-lanceolate, confluent - at base, trabeculate, with a medial line; inner alternate and - longer than outer, lacunose without cilia, the two segments of - each process united only at apex; stem dendroid, erect. 142. - - ISOTHECIUM (79). Caps. oval, sub-erect, symmetrical; lid not - adhering to columella; outer teeth 16 barred, with a medial - line; inner with intermediate cilia, two or three together; - stem dendroid drooping; branches fasciculate or pinnate. 142. - - * * Caps. unequal, cernuous. - - HYPNUM (83). Caps. cernuous, sometimes nearly erect, rarely - pendulous, ovate or oblong, more or less curved, and sometimes - slightly apophysate; outer teeth 16 equidistant lanceolate - acuminate, barred, inner alternating, often perforate, with - intermediate cilia, one, two or three together. 145. - - _c._ Inner perist. a reticulated cone. - - DICHELYMA (90). Peristome like _Fontinalis_; caps. scarcely - exserted; calyptra long twisted; leaves nerved. 185. - - - DIV. II. _Calyptra mitriform._ - - HOOKERIA (86). Caps. ovate or elliptical, cernuous, lid with a - straight beak; perist. as in _Leskia_; calyptra not fringed at - base; leaves complanate, loosely reticulated. 184. - - DALTONIA (87). Caps. erect oval-oblong, obscurely apophysate; - calyptra fringed at base; leaves spreading every way; inner - perist. divided nearly to base. 184. - - CRYPHÆA (88). Caps. oval-oblong or roundish, sub-sessile, - immersed; calyptra conical small, not fringed; peristome as in - _Neckera_. 184. - - FONTINALIS (89). Caps. ovate or oval, immersed, sub-sessile; - calyptra conical, crenate or slightly lacerate at base, small; - outer teeth 16 linear-lanceolate, very long, cohering at apex - in pairs, barred, twisted; inner a plicate cone, with 16 - angles, consisting of filiform cilia, united by crossbars. 185. - - - - - DIVISION I. ACROCARPI. (Genera 1–72.) - - - 1. ANDREÆA. Ehr. - - - _a._ _L. nerveless._ - -1. A. PETROPHILA. Ehr. (_A. rupestris_ Hedw.) St. ¼ inch loosely tufted, -with fastigiate branches; l. erect imbricate, with a sheathing base, -generally secund, ovate or ovate-subulate, tapering above, and rather -obtuse; papillose, areolæ dotted; per. l. larger; all reddish brown. - -Sub-alpine rocks, frequent. V. VI. - - -2. A. ALPESTRIS. Schimp. St. taller, densely tufted, with slender -branches; l. crowded, very small, patent on all sides when moist, ovate, -or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, areolæ quadrate at margin; per. l. shorter -and more obtuse. - -Damp alpine rocks. Glen Callater; Perthshire. - - -3. A. OBOVATA. Thed. “Densely tufted, blackish brown, tall and robust; -l. somewhat like those of _alpina_, from an imbricate base -ovate-panduriform, gradually lanceolate, nearly smooth, glossy, quite -entire at margin, areolæ much laxer.” Dr. Braithwaite, Jour, of Bot., -VIII. p. 95. - -Glen Callater. - - -4. A. ALPINA. Turner. St. tall 1–3in. densely tufted, with long -fastigiate branches; l. imbricate, spreading, reddish or purplish brown, -obovate, almost panduriform concave; per. l. larger elliptic sheathing, -acute, areolæ dot-like. - -Alpine rocks. V. VI. - - - _b._ _L. nerved._ - -5. A. RUPESTRIS. Turn. (_A. Rothii_ W. & M.) St. scarcely ½ inch, -loosely tufted; l. imbricate, falcato-secund, longly subulate from an -ovate base, thickly nerved to apex, rigid almost black; per. l. larger -convolute. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. V. VI. - - -6. A. GRIMSULANA. Bruch. Much more robust than the last, rufous black; -l. lanceolate acute broader, more solid, falcato-secund; per. l. broadly -ovate not acuminate. - -Brandsley Falls, Yorkshire, J. G. Baker 1858. Herb. Kew.—Ingleborough. - - -7. A. CRASSINERVIA. Bruch. Tufts depressed deep black, st. prostrate -ascending, fragile; l. shining falcato-secund, subulate from an oblong -base; nerve thick excurrent into the round papillose _subula_, margin -entire, cells quadrate; per. l. erecto-patent convolute nerveless. - -Alpine rocks; Hebden Bridge 1865; Scotland; Snowdon 1853. - - -8. A. FALCATA. Schimp. Smaller than last, very fragile black; l. -falcato-secund, opaque, from a dilated obovate base abruptly -lanceolate-subulate, nerve flattened, ending at or below the apex, which -is erose at margin. - -Snowdon 1865 and Cader Idris (Schimper); Perthshire (McKinlay). - - -9. A. NIVALIS. Hooker. St. longer tufted slender, l. reddish brown, -falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, acute, gradually tapering and -nerved to apex. - -Alpine rocks at limit of perpetual snow; Ben Nevis, &c. Summer. - - - 2. SPHAGNUM. Dill. - - [Dr. Braithwaite is at present publishing in the “Monthly - Microscopical Journal” a Monograph of this genus, but as he has - only got some three or four species described, I regret that I - cannot avail myself of his valuable researches, and can only - publish such species as are known to me. His division of species - is as follows:— - - A. 1 _S. cymbifolium_ Ehr. - B. 2 _S. tenellum_ Ehr. - 3 _S. rubellum_ Wils. - 4 _S. neglectum_ Angst. - 5 _S. subsecundum_ N. von E. - C. 6 _S. molle_ Sulot. - 7 _S. rigidum._ N. H. & S. - D. 8 _S. squarrosum_ Pers. - 9 _S. teres_ Angst. - 10 _S. acutifolium_ Ehr. - 11 _S. strictum_ Lindb. - 12 _S. fimbriatum_ Wils. - 13 _S. Lindbergii_ Schp. - 14 _S. intermedium_ Hoff. - 15 _S. cuspidatum_ Ehr.] - - - SECT. I. _Leaves obtuse roundish or elliptical._ - - - _a._ Utricles of branches lined with spiral fibres. - -10. S. CYMBIFOLIUM. Ehr. St. 3–12 inches robust tufted solid, covered -with a cortical web. Stem l. lingulate-spathulate with a rounded apex; -br. l. imbricate broadly ovate concave cucullate and muriculate at apex; -caps. large globose on a short seta: dioicous. - -Bogs, common. VI. VII. - - - _b._ Branch cells without spiral fibres. - -11. S. COMPACTUM. Brid. St. erect, 2–4in. dichotomous, densely -cæspitose; branches crowded short, almost erect, br. l. ovate-subulate, -obtuse, concave, slightly cucullate and smooth at apex, præmorse with -3–4 teeth; st. l. small elliptical: dioicous. - -Wet moors. VII. VIII. - - -12. S. TENELLUM. Ehr. (_S. molluscum._ Bruch.) Stems rarely 2in. -slender, soft, fragile, branches similar; l. erecto-patent reflexed, -ovate-oblong, with a broadish border, very concave on the branches, pale -yellowish white; utricles of the branches between the leaves recurved at -points; caps. small orange-red, on a long pedicel: dioicous. - -Wet hollows on peat bogs. V. VI. - - -13. S. RUBELLUM. Wils. St. 2–5in. slender loosely tufted with slender -deflexed sometimes curved branches; st. l. large ovate-oblong concave -obtuse sub-secund with a minutely toothed apex; br. l. ovate or -oblong-ovate, margins indexed, capsule almost included: dioicous. - -Peat mosses, fr. rare. VI. VII. - - - SECT. II. _Leaves acuminate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate._ - - - _a._ Leaves erecto-patent. - -14. S. ACUTIFOLIUM. Ehr. St. 3–6in. with slender attenuated branches; -stem. l. small ovate acute erect; branch l. ovate-lanceolate slightly -præmorse with a 3–4 toothed apex, erecto-patent, often with a pinkish -tinge, sometimes almost white; pedicel long; monoicous. - -Bogs and marshes. VI. VII. - - -15. S. FIMBRIATUM. Wils. St. slender 6–12in. loosely cæspitose, with -slender deflexed branches; st. l. obovate broad very obtuse, and fringed -at the summit; br. l. ovate-lanceolate acute erecto-patent, whitish, -never reddish; p. l. very large obtuse, cucullate; caps. on a short -pedicel, nearly enclosed in the per. leaves: monoicous. - -Bogs and marshes. VI. VII. - - -16. S. CUSPIDATUM. Dill. Ehr. St. 3–12in., flaccid with distant deflexed -attenuated branches, the younger ones cuspidate; st. l. ovate acute, br. -l. lanceolate acute præmorse slightly fringed and bordered; per. l. -broadly ovate, acute, ped. short: dioicous. - -Wet bogs. VI. VII. - - -17. S. RECURVUM. P. Beauv. “Distinguished from the last by its branch -leaves, recurved when dry, elliptical, not attenuated towards the apex; -usually growing out of the water, whilst _S. cuspidatum_ is almost -submerged.”—G. E. Hunt. - -Common in bogs. - - var. δ. _laricinum_. Spruce. l. loosely imbricated, slightly undulate - when dry, areolæ very minute. - - -18. S. CONTORTUM. Schultz. St. 3–6in. rigid blackish, “with a single -layer of cortical cellules”, and with crowded generally contorted -attenuated branches; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute concave, frequently -3–toothed at the apex, the cellules bordered with a row of small pores -at the back of the leaf: dioicous. - -Bogs and ditches. VII. - - var. γ. _obesum_; stem more robust, branches thicker and longer, leaves - larger. - - -19. S. SUBSECUNDUM. Nees & H. Allied to _contortum_, but more lax in -habit, stems more slender, with shorter branches and with the branch -leaves generally more or less secund. - - -20. S. CURVIFOLIUM. Wils. MS. Allied to the last; stem with a cortical -layer of two or three rows of cellules, leaves without marginal pores, -entire, acute. - - - _b._ Leaves squarrose. - -21. S. SQUARROSUM. Pers. St. 4–12in. rigid, often forked, with long -deflexed attenuated branches; l. ovate-acuminate acute, recurved; caps. -large on a longish pedicel. - -Bogs. VI. VII. - - - 3. ARCHIDIUM. BRIDEL. - -22. A. PHASCOIDES Brid. St. ¼in., second year branched sometimes 1in.; -fertile branches short, barren ones longer, slender, and with more -distant leaves; l. lanceolate pointed, upper ones longest, entire, -nerved nearly to or beyond apex; p.l. ovate-lanceolate, toothed near the -apex, nerve excurrent. - -Moist clayey or chalky banks, &c. III. IV. - - - 4. PHASCUM. LINN. - - - SECT. I. (EPHEMERUM.) Almost stemless, capsule immersed, barren fl. - gemmiform at base of, or near to, fertile fl. - - - _a._ Growing from a conferva-like thallus, columella fugacious. - -23. P. SERRATUM. Schreb. “Stemless, leaves lanceolate, nerveless (?) -serrated, connivent; capsule large roundish ovate, sub-sessile.” (Wils.) - -Sandy banks or fallows. Spring or Autumn. - - var. β. _angustifolium._ “Leaves narrower, linear-lanceolate, obscurely - toothed; caps. smaller.” - -24. P. COHÆRENS. Hed. Stemless, very minute; l. ovate-lanceolate, -keeled, erect, nerved to apex, and serrated about half way from summit; -capsule immersed sub-sessile. - -On the ground. Winter. - - -25. P. TENERUM. Bruch. Inconspicuous; l. broad ovate-lanceolate, -slightly denticulate at apex, very flaccid; caps. small, pale yellow, -calyptra conical. Bry. Europ. vol. I. - -On the mud of dried-up pools. Winter. - -Weald of Sussex, Mr. Mitten. - - -26. P. SESSILE. B. & S. Very minute, almost stemless; l. -lanceolate-subulate, denticulate more than two-thirds from summit, -rigid, with an almost excurrent nerve; caps. sessile small, rounded, -brownish: monoicous. - -Clay and chalky heaths, rare. Autumn, Winter. - - var. β. _stenophyllum_. l. shorter, linear-lanceolate, slightly - serrulate. - -27. P. RECURVIFOLIUM. Dicks. Minute, st. almost none; l. lingulate, -rarely linear-lanceolate, erect, frequently recurved, denticulate at the -apex, with a strong generally excurrent nerve; caps. roundish ovate, -nearly sessile. - -Heaths and fallows. Autumn, Winter. - - - _b._ Mature plants without confervoid shoots. - -28. P. MUTICUM. Schreb. Minute, almost stemless; l. convolute, broadly -ovate, tapering pointed, concave, toothed above, nerved nearly to the -apex; caps. round, reddish, erect, sub-sessile. - -Moist banks and fallows. Autumn, Spring. - - var. β. _minus_, leaves entire. - - -29. P. TRIQUETRUM. Spruce. Almost stemless; l. in three rows, lowest -minute ovate nerveless, three uppermost (perichætial) cucullate, -pointed, obovate, keeled, margins reflexed, denticulate above, nerve -excurrent; caps. spherical, horizontal or drooping, pedicel long, -slender, suddenly bent near its union with the capsule. - -Cliffs, Sussex coast. III. - - - SECT. II. Barren fl. axillary, antheridia naked. - -30. P. FLOERKEANUM. Web. & M. Almost stemless, very minute; leaves -broadly ovate, tapering to a point, lower ones small nerveless, upper -ones larger nerve excurrent, margins reflexed; caps. ovate-spherical, -shortly beaked, immersed with sub-conical curved-pointed calyptra. - -Clay or chalky fields, rare. IX.–XI. - - -31. P. RECTUM. Sm. Stem short; l. closely crowded, erecto-patent, -elliptic-lanceolate pointed with an excurrent nerve, often reddish, -margins recurved; caps. exserted, roundish ovoid, on a longish straight -pedicel. - -Fields and banks near the coast, frequent. Winter. - - -32. P. CURVICOLLUM. Hedw. St. short reddish; l. erecto-patent, -lanceolate, tapering, pointed with an excurrent nerve, entire, margin -reflexed; caps. roundish, blunt-pointed, cernuous, exserted, on a -longish curved pedicel; cal. dimidiate. - -Moist banks and fields. - - - SECT. III. Barren fl. axillary, gemmiform. - -33. P. CUSPIDATUM. Schreb. From ⅛ to ¼in. high, st. simple or branched; -l. ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, erect concave, keeled, with the nerve -prominently excurrent; caps. roundish, immersed on a short pedicel. - -Moist banks, hedges, and fields, common. III. - - var. β. leaves longer, lanceolate; caps. smaller. - - γ. _Schreberianum._ St. elongated, branches dichotomous; leaves - distant spreading. - - δ. _piliferum._ Pedicel curved; leaves with long white filiform - points. - - ε. _curvisetum._ Caps. laterally exserted, on a longish curved - pedicel. - - ζ. _elatum._ Upper leaves lanceolate, cuspidate caps. - sub-pendulous, similar to the last. - - -34. P. BRYOIDES. Dicks. St. ⅛–¼in. simple or branched; l. lower, ovate -pointed, upper elliptic ovate concave erect, margin reflexed, pointed -with the excurrent nerve; caps. elliptical, with an oblique blunt point, -brown, exserted. Barren fl. sometimes terminal on a short branch. - -Banks and fields, rare. Spring. - - var. β. leaves piliferous. - - γ. _curvisetum._ Pedicel curved, longer. - - δ. caps. roundish, pedicel very short. - - ε. smaller, with piliferous leaves. (_P. pusillum_ Schleich.) - - ζ. _Thornhillii._ “l. spreading sub-reflexed - spathulato-lanceolate, margin plane, nerve slightly - excurrent; caps. narrowly elliptical, rostrate, pedicel - elongated.” - - - SECT. IV. Barren fl. naked in the axil of a perichætial leaf. - -35. P. PATENS. Hedw. St. ⅛in. l. more or less spreading, sometimes -recurved, obovate-lanceolate, serrulate near the apex, concave, nerve -ceasing below apex; caps. immersed spherical pointed, pale brown, -sub-sessile. - -Clay banks and fields. Autumn. - - -SECT. V. Stems growing by innovations, caps. therefore often apparently - lateral, leaves narrow, almost setaceous. - -36. P. NITIDUM. Hedw. L. generally erect, linear-lanceolate, keeled, -sub-denticulate near apex, nerved (thin) nearly to summit; caps. -elliptical, with a short oblique point, sometimes pendulous, on a short -pedicel. - -Moist banks, &c. Autumn, Spring. - - -37. P. SUBULATUM. L. St. ⅛in. l. lanceolate, sharply tapering from a -broadish base, not keeled, with a broad nerve ceasing near the apex; -per. l. almost setaceous; caps. roundish-ovoid pale brown, immersed, on -a very short pedicel. - -Banks and fields, common. Spring. - - -38. P. ALTERNIFOLIUM. Bruch. & S. St. sometimes with innovations, ½in. -long, or more; st. l. lanceolate acuminate from a broad base; per. l. -subulate-setaceous, with a thick nerve, excurrent and forming nearly the -upper half of the leaf; caps. ovoid immersed, brownish, with an oblique -point. - -Banks and fallow ground. Spring. - - - SECT. VI. Stems perennial branched; leaves linear-lanceolate firm - strongly nerved; caps. with traces of a dehiscent lid; barren fl. - gemmiform, terminal on a branch or sometimes axillary. - -39. P. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; with fastigiate branches; l. -lanceolate-subulate, grooved erect or spreading, margins involute, nerve -excurrent; per. l. very long, concave at base, sometimes almost secund; -caps. roundish, immersed, pale brown, with an oblique beak. - -Banks and fields, chiefly limestone. Spring. - - -40. P. MULTICAPSULARE. Smith. St. ½in., loosely tufted; leaves distant, -alternate, spreading, lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, with an excurrent -nerve and plane margin; per. l. longer and broader, erect, incurved; -capsule ovoid tapering to an oblique short beak, on a longish pedicel, -sometimes two together. - -Fields, &c., rare. III. - - var. β. _Mittenii._ Stems fragile, l. shorter, acute, recurved; p. l. - smaller; caps. on a longer pedicel. - -41. P. ROSTELLATUM. Brid. St. ⅛–¼in., tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, -spreading obtuse, nerve excurrent, margin plane; caps. olive-brown ovoid -elliptical with a straight beak; pedicel equalling caps. in length: a -smaller plant than the last. - -Dried beds of pools, &c. Autumn, Spring. - - - 5. GYMNOSTOMUM. HEDW. - - - SECT. I. Infl. dioicous, margin of l. reflexed or plane, not incurved. - - - _a._ St. short, per. l. sheathing; caps. elliptic-oblong, narrow at - mouth, lid conical, annulus large persistent. - -42. G. TENUE. Schrad. St. tufted; l. lingulate, sub-erect, upper ones -longest entire, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pale brown, lid obtuse. - -Sandstone rocks and walls. VII. VIII. - - - _b._ St. taller, branched; per. l. slightly sheathing, caps. oval or - ovoid, truncate; lid with a long beak, annulus narrow, persistent. - -43. G. RUPESTRE. Schw. St. ½in. densely tufted, slender, dichotomous; l. -linear-lanceolate, spreading obtuse keeled, nerved nearly to apex; -capsule erect oval, lid flattish, suddenly rising to a longish scarcely -bent beak. - -Wet alpine rocks. Autumn. - - var. β. _ramosissimum._ densely tufted, leaves shorter, capsule smaller - on a shorter pedicel. - - γ. _stelligerum._ loosely tufted, l. fasciculate and - stellato-patent at the ends of the branches, - linear-lanceolate acute. - - δ. _compactum._ leaves fascicled, longer and more obtuse. - - -44. G. CURVIROSTRUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose branches fastigiate; l. -linear-lanceolate, spreading keeled, margins recurved, nerved nearly to -apex; caps. broadly ovoid, lid adhering to columella, conical battened, -with a long suddenly bent beak. - -Moist sub-alpine rocks. Autumn. - - var. β. _pomiforme._ leaves narrow, caps. more spherical. - - γ. _microcarpon._ l. broader, erecto-patent, caps. smaller, - roundish obovate. - - δ. _pallidisetum._ st. long slender, l. fascicled, caps. small - obovate, with a shorter pedicel and beak. - - - SECT. II. Infl. monoicous; margins of l. incurved or plane, not - reflexed. - - -_a._ Caps. contracted at mouth; sporangium adherent to columella forming - a closed sac. - -45. G. SQUARROSUM. Wils. St. ¼in. loosely tufted, l. linear-lanceolate, -squarrose, distant, blunt, nerve running out into a mucro; caps. -elliptical, sometimes oblique and unequal; lid with a blunt beak. - -Clay fields and banks. Autumn, Spring. - - -46. G. MICROSTOMUM. Hedw. St. ⅛ to ¼in. densely tufted; l. -linear-lanceolate, acute, upper ones longest, nerve excurrent; capsule -elliptical, sometimes oblique and gibbous, olive-brown, much contracted, -lid with a longish curved beak. - -Fields, &c. Spring. - - var. β. _obliquum._ caps. oblong, oblique, lid sub-rostrate. - - γ. _brevirostre._ caps. oblong symmetrical, lid short conical. - - δ. _brachycarpum._ caps. roundish, gibbous. - - ε. _elatum._ innovations overtopping fruit, caps. roundish small, - lid sub-rostrate. - - - _b._ Caps. scarcely contracted; sporangium not adherent. - -47. G. TORTILE. Schw. St. ⅛–¼in. densely tufted with fastigiate -branches; l. oblong-lanceolate, spreading or sub-erect curved, obtuse, -pointed with the excurrent nerve; caps. elliptical, with a purple mouth -and an inclined beaked lid. - -Limestone rocks. Spring. - - var. β. _subcylindricum._ l. linear-lanceolate, caps. oblong. - - - 6. WEISSIA. HEDW. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -48. W. CONTROVERSA. Hedw. St. ⅛–¼in. branched; l. lower lanceolate, -upper linear-lanceolate, margin incurved, with a slightly excurrent -nerve; caps. oval, erect, lid conical, beak half-length of capsule; -barren fl. gemmiform. - -Frequent. Spring. - - var. β. _stenocarpa._ caps. sub-cylindrical narrow. - - γ. _densifolia._ densely tufted; l. crowded narrower. - - δ. _amblyodon._ teeth of peristome variable, short and truncate, - acute or cleft at apex., yellowish. - - ε. _gymnostomoides._ teeth of peristome almost wanting. - - -49. W. MUCRONATA. B. & S. Smaller than last; l. linear-lanceolate, with -plane margins, the nerve slightly excurrent and forming a mucro; caps. -oblong, scarcely striated; teeth of per. short truncate, perforated, lid -with a longish beak; barren fl. gemmiform. - -Fallow (clay) ground. III. IV. - - -50. W. CIRRHATA. Hedw. St. ½–1in. loosely tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, -spreading entire concave, keeled, margin reflexed, not nerved to apex; -per. l. slightly sheathing, shorter; caps. oval-oblong; lid with a long -beak; monoicous. - -Posts and rocks in mountainous districts. - - -51. W. CRISPULA. Hedw. St. shorter than last, branched; l. spreading, -frequently falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, base wide, concave; -margins plane, not nerved to apex; caps. oval or oblong without annulus; -lid beaked. Barren fl. gemmiform. - -Mountainous rocks. VI. VII. - - - SECT. II. Infl. dioicous; terminal. - -52. W. VERTICILLATA. Brid. St. ¼–¾in., branches fastigiate; l. -linear-lanceolate, rigid, denticulate at base, sub-erect, margin plane, -with a strong slightly excurrent nerve; teeth of per. incurved, not -barred, sometimes perforated; caps. erect, reddish; lid beaked. - -Dripping limestone rocks. VI. VII. - - -53. W. CALCAREA. Müll. St. short, simple; densely tufted, radiculose at -base; l. lower small ferruginous, erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate; -upper larger deep green lineal-lanceolate, rather obtuse concave, -stoutly nerved nearly to apex, margin minutely crenulate; per. l. -lanceolate concave acute; caps. oblong sub-cylindric short-necked erect, -on a pale yellow seta, lid conical subulate. - - var. δ. _brevifolium._ Schpr. Slender branched; l. lower very minute - distant, upper crowded ovate-lanceolate, recurved above; - caps. oval. - -Damp rocks and walls. Blackhall, nr. Banchory, Dee side. Mr. Sim. _var._ -δ. only and barren. [Dr. Braithwaite.] - - -54. W. COMMUTATA. Mitt. “L. from a sub-oblong base lanceolate, narrowed, -keeled with the nerve, which vanishes below apex, cells nearly all -elongated and pellucid; per. l. similar”; caps. turbinate, lid with a -very oblique longish beak. - -Alpine rocks, Nant-y-Fydd, Wrexham (Mr. Bowman.) - - -55. W. TRUNCICOLA. De Not. In large dense bright green tufts; st. 1–2in. -dichotomous, reddish, radiculose below; l. erect when moist and often -secund on the young shoots, rather soft, papillose at back, from a -narrowly lanceolate base gradually subulate channelled, thinly nerved -nearly to apex, margin not revolute, sharply denticulate above and on -the back of the nerve; strongly cirrhate and twisted when dry; basal -cells large cylindraceo-vesicular, the rest small quadrate or -sub-hexagonal, filled with chlorophyll. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., -IX., 290.] - -Base of an oak trunk in Sutton Park, Birmingham. J. Bagnall, 27th Aug., -1870. - - - 7. RHABDOWEISSIA. BRUCH. & S. - -56. R. FUGAX. B. & S. St. ¼–½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, acute, -toothed near apex, margins plane; caps. ovate, somewhat striated; teeth -of per. subulate, fugacious; lid with an oblique beak longer than -capsule. - -Sub-alpine rocks, in crevices. VI. VII. - - -57. R. DENTICULATA. B. & S. St. longer than last, loosely tufted; l. -lingulate or linear-lanceolate, strongly toothed half way from apex; -caps. more distinctly striated when dry, teeth of per. lanceolate, -persistent. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. - - - 8. CAMPYLOSTELIUM. BRUCH. & S. - -58. C. SAXICOLA. B. & S. Minute; l. elongate, linear-lanceolate, crowded -entire, twisted, nerved nearly to summit; caps. elliptical drooping, on -a geniculate pedicel, annulus double, calyptra 5–cleft. at base. - -Sandstone rocks, rare. XI. - - - 9. BRACHYODUS. NEES. & H. - -59. B. TRICHODES. N. & H. Very minute; l. lanceolate-subulate, almost -setaceous; erect, with an excurrent nerve forming half the leaf; caps. -erect, furrowed; per. very short, annulus large, lid flattish with a -long beak. - -Sub-alpine sandstone rocks. Spring. - - - 10. SELIGERIA. BRUCH & S. - -60. S. PUSILLA. Bruch. & S. Minute, ⅛in. stems loosely tufted, simple or -dichotomous; l. lanceolate-subulate, very narrow, thinly nerved nearly -to apex; per. with teeth distantly barred; caps. on an upright pedicel, -turbinate when dry, with a flattish beaked lid. - -Shady limestone rocks. IV. V. - - -61. S. TRISTICHA. Brid. Densely cæspitose, rigid; l. exactly -tristichous, crowded, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, muticous, base -whitish; caps. yellowish brown sub-spherical, with a tumid neck, lid -large with a long oblique or arcuate beak; per. teeth narrower than in -_calcarea_. - -Calcareous stones and rocks. Summer. - -Blair Athol, Glen Tilt, and Ben-y-Gloe. Rev. J. M. Crombie. - - -62. S. PAUCIFOLIA. Carruthers. (_S. subcernua_, Schp.; _S. calcicola_, -Mitt.) Densely gregarious, low; leaves crowded erecto-patent, lower ones -lanceolate, upper subulate from a narrow oblong base, margins plane, -nerve exserted, areolæ dense, rectangular; caps. elliptical sub-cernuous -on a long seta, unsymmetrical, lid with a long beak; male fl. at base of -female plant. - -Limestone rocks and stones. VI. - -Chalk Downs, Sussex, Mr. Mitten; Near Wetherby, 1801, Dickson. - - -[63. S. ACUTIFOLIA. Lind. Very small; l. and per. l. from a more or less -sheathing base abruptly narrowed into a subterete setiform acute pointed -awl, formed by the excurrent nerve, crenulate; seta 1 mm. long; caps. -small, scarcely exserted, pyriform with a short neck, lid with a short -scarcely oblique beak];—type not British but - - var. β. _longiseta_, Lindb. Plant larger, seta 2–3 mm. long, caps. - exserted, beak of lid longer and more oblique—gathered by Mr. - Wilson, 14th May, 1831, and sent by him to Dr. Lindberg. - - -64. S. CALCAREA. B. & S. St. short, more robust, than No. 60, l. -ovate-subulate, obtuse, dull green with a thicker nerve; caps. -turbinate, shortly beaked, on a short stiff pedicel; peris. teeth, -broader obtuse, closely barred. - -Chalk cliffs. IV. V. - - -65. S. RECURVATA. B. & S. St. minute gregarious; l. lanceolate-subulate, -somewhat flexuose, acute, nerve excurrent generally; caps. obovate -elliptical; pedicel curved drooping. - -Sandstone rocks, rare. IV. V. - - - 11. ANODUS. BRUCH. & S. - -66. A. DONIANUS. B. & S. St. minute, ⅛in. gregarious; l. almost -setaceous, lanceolate-subulate, very minutely toothed; per. l. bluntish -and rather shorter; caps. cup-shaped or turbinate, mouth wide; Cal. -dimidiate; perist. none, lid with a short beak. - -Sandstone rocks, rare. IX. - - - 12. STYLOSTEGIUM. WILS. - -67. S. CÆSPITICIUM. B. & S. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted; branches -fastigiate; l. somewhat falcate and secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; -per. l. larger with a sheathing base entire, nerve predominant; caps. -roundish-pyriform glossy; lid obliquely beaked, adherent to columella. - -Alpine rocks, in crevices. VII. - - - 13. BLINDIA. WILS. - -68. B. ACUTA. B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. subulate or -lanceolate-setaceous, rigid, glossy, sub-secund, nerve thick; per. l. -sheathing; caps. roundish-pyriform, on a short reddish pedicel; lid with -a longish beak. - -Moist alpine or sub-alpine rocks. Summer. - - var. β. _breviseta._ “Stem shorter, caps. on a very short pedicel.” - Wils. - - γ. _rupincola._ pedicels arcuate. - - δ. _trichodes._ Braithwaite. l. longer and more falcate. Wet - rocks, near Bolton.—Whitehead. - - - 14. ARCTOA. BRUCH. & S. - -69. A. FULVELLA. B. & S. St. ½–2in. densely tufted; l. somewhat secund, -often falcate, subulate-setaceous dull green, sometimes slightly toothed -at apex, nerve predominant, per. l. large sheathing; caps. ovate, -sometimes gibbous, 8–furrowed, lid obliquely beaked; barren fl. -gemmiform: monoicous. - -Fissures of alpine rocks. VII. VIII. - - - 15. CYNODONTIUM. BRUCH. & S. - -70. C. BRUNTONI. B. & S. St. ½–1in. tufted, branches fastigiate; l. -linear-lanceolate or lanc-subulate, keeled, sometimes minutely -denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, twisted when dry, nerved almost or -quite to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. erect obovate or elliptical; lid -with a long oblique beak. - -Sub-alpine rocks. VI. - - - 16. DICRANUM. HEDW. - - - _a._ (DICRANELLA. Schimp.) - - - SECT. I. Stem long, rooting in all parts; leaves spreading flexuose, -papillose on both sides, crenulate in margin, not nerved to apex; infl. - monoicous; beak of lid shorter than caps. - -71. D. POLYCARPUM. Ehr. L. bent, flexuose, often recurved, -lanceolate-subulate or linear-lanceolate, keeled, margin recurved, -somewhat papillose, denticulate at apex, nerve excurrent; caps. erect, -symmetrical, striated, with a tumid neck. - -Alpine rocks. VII. VIII. - - var. β. _strumiferum._ caps. unequal, base strumose. - - -SECT. II. St. rooting in all parts, leafy; l. spreading, nerve slightly - excurrent; infl. monoicous; caps. strumose. - -72. D. VIRENS. Hedw. St. 1–3in. branched; l. erect ovate-lanceolate at -base, sheathing, running to a long sub-denticulate, almost setaceous -prolongation, margins recurved, nerve thick sub-excurrent; caps. -cernuous strumose smooth oblong and curved; lid beaked. - -Moist alpine rocks; Ben Lawers. VI. VII. - - var. β. _Wahlenbergii._ l. flexuose, much attenuated, above narrower - and longer, yellowish; caps. short, with a very prominent - struma. - - γ. _serratum._ stems taller; l. recurved from a sheathing base, - coarsely serrated. - - δ. _compactum._ st. shorter and slender; l. shorter lanceolate - from an ovate base, entire, or very slightly toothed at apex; - caps. gibbous on a shorter pedicel. - - ε. _gracilescens._ l. narrower; caps. smaller. - - - SECT. III. L. squarrose, or patent spreading. - -73. D. PELLUCIDUM. Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely tufted; l. distant, -lanceolate, margins undulate, denticulate, papillose obtuse; caps. -shortly ovate; lid conical rostrate; dioicous. - -Wet stones in streams. X. XI. - - var. β. fagimontanum. st. short, branches slender, l. shorter. - - γ. serratum. l. crenato-serrate, with a more acute point; caps. - oval or oblong, lid with a slender beak. - -74. D. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. gregarious, l. subulate from a broadish -sheathing base setaceous above, long, spreading flexuose, minutely -dentate, nerved to apex; caps. almost erect, oval or obovate, striate; -lid with a long oblique subulate beak: monoicous. - -Moist sandy banks, not common. X. XI. - - -75. D. GREVILLIANUM. B. & S. L. with a broad sheathing base, suddenly -lanceolate-subulate prolonged, wide-spreading and wavy, entire, nerve -broad; caps. ovate, sub-striate, strumose; lid with a beak longer than -capsule: monoicous. - -“Glen Tilt, at foot of Ben-y-Gloe, 1823, not since found.”—Wils. VIII. -IX. - - [I have a specimen gathered by Dr. A. O. Black, marked “Esk-no-more.”] - - -76. D. SCHREBERI. Hedw. St. ½–1in. sub-cæspitose, branched sparingly; l. -base broad, suddenly lanceolate-subulate, spreading flexuose keeled, -denticulate at apex; caps. ovate-oblong, scarcely strumose, cernuous; -lid conical, shortly rostrate; dioicous. - -Clayey or sandy soil near streams, rare. X. XI. - -Lancashire, Cheshire, and near Glasgow. - - -77. D. SQUARROSUM. Schrad. St. 1–3in. dichotomous; l. lanceolate from a -broad sheathing base obtuse, undulate, entire concave recurved, nerve -narrow, reaching nearly to apex; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid long -conical, with a short beak. - -Wet mountainous places. VIII. IX. - - -78. D. CERVICULATUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. sparingly branched; l. spreading -flexuose, almost setaceous from a broadish amplexicaul base, entire, -nerved into the subula; caps. roundish ovate gibbous, strumose; lid with -a long oblique or curved subulate beak. - -Sandy banks or on turf, frequent. VI. VII. - - var. β. _pusillum._ st. shorter, simple; l. smaller sub-erect; caps. - smaller and less gibbous. - - - SECT. IV. L. secund or sub-secund. - -79. D. VARIUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate, entire keeled -sub-denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, nerve scarcely excurrent; -caps. inclined, ovate or oblong, slightly tumid; lid shortly beaked; -seta twisted to the right. - -Moist banks. XI. XIII. - - var., β. _tenuifolium._ l. narrow, obscurely nerved. - - γ. _tenellum._ st. slender, scarcely branched; l. falcato-secund, - distantly denticulate. - - δ. _callistomum._ l. scarcely secund, caps. erect, obovate - truncated, lid almost as long as caps. - - -80. “D. FALLAX. Wils. MS. Closely resembles the last. L. more distant, -with impressed wings and less elongated setaceous points, and a more -dilated flattened nerve, uppermost sub-secund. Caps. nearly symmetric -erect or sub-cernuous, with a shorter conical lid: dioicous.” [Dr. -Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 227.] - -Banks. III. IV. - -Anglesea (Wilson); Cotterall Wood (Hunt); Park Gate, Cheshire (Miss -Jelly). - - -81. D. RUFESCENS. Turn. St. short bright red, scarcely branched; l. -linear-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, reddish, margins plane, secund, -pellucid; caps. erect ovate or obovate, slightly tumid, with a conical -beaked lid. Seta twisted to the left; dioicous. - -Moist sandy banks. X. XI. - - -82. D. SUBULATUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. l. falcato-secund, setaceous from an -oblong-lanceolate base, entire; caps. ovate gibbous oblique striate when -dry, seta red; dioicous. - -Moist shady sandy banks; common on the mortar of walls, &c. IX. X. - - -83. D. CURVATUM. Hedw. Cæspitose; st. bi-tripartite; l. setaceous from a -shortly ovate semi-sheathing base, channelled, apex denticulate, -falcato-setaceous; caps. erect or sub-erect, ovate-oblong, slightly -gibbous, distinctly striate. [Sch. Syn. p. 75. Bry. Eur. vol. I.] - -Walls. Autumn and Spring. - -Llanberis, N. Wales (W. Wilson). - - -84. D. HETEROMALLUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. simple or branched, in silky -tufts; l. lanceolate-setaceous, slightly dentate at apex; caps. obovate -gibbous, obliquely plicate when dry; lid with a long beak, seta pale -yellowish; dioicous. - -Moist banks and walls. XI. XII. - - var. β. _strictum._ l. erecto-patent, straight, not secund; seta longer - flexuose. - - γ. _interruptum._ larger; stem interrupted leafy; l. spreading or - secund. - - δ. _sericeum._ Schp. plants taller; l. diverging almost on all - sides, pale green or yellowish, often strongly and remotely - toothed. Soccoth Hill, Arrochar (McKinlay). - - - _b._ (EU-DICRANUM.) - - - SECT. I. FALCATÆ. Densely tufted, st. dichotomous and fastigiate, - decumbent at base with few or no radicular fibres; l. -lanceolate-subulate, secund or falcato-secund, nerve predominant above; - caps. cernuous, neck strumose or ventricose, lid with a long beak: - monoicous. - -85. D. STARKII. Web. & M. St. 1–3in. branched; l. subulate-setaceous -from a lanceolate base, falcato-secund, entire, nerve strongly -predominant, caps. oblong arcuate, gibbous, strumose, striate, -sub-cernuous. - -Alpine rocks. VIII. - - var. β. _molle._ taller; l. wider lanceolate, purplish brown; nerve not - predominant. - -Summit of Ben Nevis. - - -86. D. FALCATUM. Hedw. St. shorter, dichotomously branched and -fastigiate; l. strongly falcato-secund, from a lanceolate base -subulato-setaceous, denticulate at apex, nerve predominant, caps. -shortly obovate, strumose, almost smooth when dry; lid large beaked. - -Alpine rocks. VIII. IX. - - -87. D. BLYTTII. Br. & S. St. branched fastigiate; l. flexuoso-patent, or -sub-secund, from an erect base lanceolate-subulate, soft, entire, nerve -predominant, per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cernuous, ovate, incurved, -without striæ, strumose, lid rostrate; per. teeth narrow inflexed when -dry. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VIII. - - - SECT. II. ORTHOCARPA. Densely cæspitose; st. 1 or more inches high, - dichotomous, with or without radicular fibres; l. secund, -lanceolate-subulate, smooth glossy, nerve excurrent or nerveless. Caps. - erect cylindrical; neck long symmetrical; lid conical at base. - - -88. D. GLACIALE. Berg. Monoicous, in wide tufts, without radicular -tomentum, erect, 2–5in. high, l. erecto-patent, straight glossy, lowest -minute lanceolate nerveless, upper oblong at base, lanceolate-subulate, -deeply concave, margin inflexed entire, basal angles auricled, orange, -nerve narrow compressed; per. l. sheathing, suddenly narrowed into a -long subula; caps. cernuous, cylindraceous, more or less incurved -strumose, not striate; lid rostrate. - -Alpine rocks; Ben Nevis, Clova, Ben-y-Gloe. - - [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. VIII., 228.] - - -89. D. VIRIDE. Sull. et Lesq. Dioicous, in dense cushions, or cæspitose, -reddish and tomentose at base, above dark green; branches dichotomous; -l. lineal-lanceolate subulate, nerve running out in the concave awl; -per. l. sheathing; areolæ densely chlorophyllose, enlarged at base; -caps. erect, oblong, slightly incurved, lid with a long beak. - -Trunks of trees: rarely on sandstone rocks. - -fig. Schpr. Musci. Eur. novi, &c. fasc. III. IV. - -Staffordshire (Mr. Bloxam). - - -90. D. SCOTTIANUM. Turn. St. 2 or 3in. robust; l. erecto-patent, -sub-secund incurved lanceolate-subulate, slightly twisted at apex when -dry, concave entire, nerve strong excurrent; caps. elongated, slightly -curved, tapering at base, lid obliquely rostrate. - -Rocks in mountainous districts. VII. VIII. - - -91. D. LONGIFOLIUM. Hedw. Cæspitose, tufts pale green or whitish; stem -arcuate or geniculate ascending, slightly radiculose; l. long -falcato-secund, rarely spreading, subulate from a lanceolate base, with -a slender nerve, margin and back serrate at apex; per. l. convolute -sheathing; caps. elongate cylindrical, upright or sub-incurved, without -striæ, brown; beak subulate, annulus narrow: dioicous. - -Sub-alpine rocks. Autumn. - -Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton). - -92. D. CIRCINNATUM. Wils. Dioicous, in loose irregular light green -tufts; st. 3–6in. dichotomous, geniculate or ascending, with radicles -from base of leaves. L. very long, secund, arcuate from an oblong -sheathing base decurrent at angles, longly subulate concave; nerve -flattened, covering one-fifth of base and all the subula, which is -denticulate; base laxly areolate in middle, with narrower cells at -margin. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 230.] - -Fr. unknown. - -Ben Voirlich, Clova, Ben Nevis, Lennox Castle. - - - SECT. III. SCOPARIÆ. St. loosely or densely matted, tall, with - proliferous radicular fibres; l. long spreading or secund, -lanceolate-subulate, glossy, denticulate at apex; nerve with or without - dorsal lamellæ; caps. cernuous bent; lid with a long beak. - -93. D. FUSCESCENS. Turn. St. 2–3m. loosely tufted; l. spreading, -sub-secund, flexuose, canaliculate, minutely toothed at apex, nerve -excurrent; caps. oblong incurved, furrowed when dry; lid with a very -long beak. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VIII. - - -94. D. SCOPARIUM. Hedw. St. 2–4in. loosely tufted dichotomous; l. secund -or falcato-secund, carinato-concave, margins inflexed, serrate at apex; -nerve with about four prominent ridges at back, serrate at apex; per. l. -larger convolute; caps. cylindrical, slightly curved; lid with a long -beak. - -Shady banks and rocks, common. VII. VIII. - - var. β. _orthophyllum._ stem erect; l. erecto-patent or sub-secund - straight. - - γ. _curvatum._ branches curved ascending, l. more falcate; caps. - shorter. - - -95. D. MAJUS. Turn. St. 4–6in. loosely cæspitose; l. falcato-secund; -concave dentato-serrate at apex; caps. horizontally cernuous, curved, -furrowed when dry; lid and calyptra very long; fruit-stalks pale -aggregate. - -Shady banks, &c., in woods. VII. VIII. - - - SECT. IV. UNDULATA. St. very tall, with radicular fibres; l. large -glossy, spreading every way or secund, lanceolate below, linear-subulate - above; nerve flattish, with lamellæ at back. - -96. D. PALUSTRE. Brid. St. 3–4in. erect branched sub-fastigiate; l. -spreading, sub-secund, linear-lanceolate undulated, terminal ones -crowded into a cuspidate cluster on the barren shoots; serrate at apex; -nerve thin and narrow, not reaching to apex, and without ridges; caps. -sub-erect, slightly curved, sub-cylindrical, striate. - -Marshy places and moist banks. IX. - - var. β. _juniperifolium._ with shorter, wider, and more rigid leaves. - - γ. _polycladum._ branches slender flagelliform; l. small - imbricate. - - -97. D. SCHRADERI. Schwaeg. St. 3–6in.; l. sub-secund, rather obtuse, -carinato-concave, subrugose, toothed on margin and keel, sub-papillose -at back near apex; caps. oval-oblong incurved; lid rostrate. - -Turfy bogs, rare. IX. - -98. D. SPURIUM. Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose; l. ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, undulate serrate, papillose at back; not nerved to apex; -caps. sub-cylindrical arcuate, slightly strumose, striate; lid with a -long curved beak. - -Moors and bogs. VI. - - - 17. LEUCOBRYUM. HAMPE. - -99. L. GLAUCUM. Hampe. St. 1–6in. or more, dichotomous fragile, -fastigiate; l. subulate from an ovate-lanceolate base, erect, rather -obtuse, and apiculate; caps, cernuous, strumose, furrowed when dry. - -Moist heaths, woods, rare in fr. - - - 18. CERATODON. BRID. - -100. C. PURPUREUS. Brid, St. ¼–2in. cæspitose, branched; l. -oblong-lanceolate, margin recurved, nerve excurrent; caps. -elliptic-oblong, irregular, purple, angular when dry on a purplish red -seta; lid conical. - -Banks, &c., common. IV. V. - - -101. C. CYLINDRICUS. B. & S. St. ¼in. gregarious; l. subulate from a -dilated ovate amplexicaul base, flexuose, minutely toothed above, nerve -predominant; caps. cylindrical, smooth, erect or slightly curved, on a -pale slender seta; lid conical. - -Sandy banks, not common. IV. V. - - - 19. DICRANODONTIUM. BR. & S. - -102. D. LONGIROSTRE. B. & S. St. 1–3in. blackish; l. falcato-secund, -subulato-setaceous from an ovate sheathing base, denticulate above on -predominant nerve; caps. elliptic-oblong, smooth, on a thick curved or -flexuose seta. - -Mountainous woods, rare. X. - - - 20. CAMPYLOPUS. BRID. - - [The diagnoses of species are taken from Dr. Braithwaite’s Paper in - Jour. of Bot. VIII., pp. 386–393.] - - - _a._ Leaves hoary at point. - -103. C. ATROVIRENS. De Not. (_C. longipilus._ Brid. pro parte: Wils. -Bry. Brit.; et Schimp. Musc. Eur. Nov.) Dense tufts 1–3in. high, above -yellowish green, below brownish, at base black. Stem erect, dichotomous, -with few radicles at base; l. lower, lax, shorter, the rest densely -crowded, erecto-patent, lanceolate, very longly subulato-setaceous, -channelled below, auricled; nerve excurrent into a hoary hispid arista, -channelled at back, one-third width of leaf base; cells of auricles -dilated, castaneous, central colorless, above these sub-rectangular, -uppermost oblongo-elliptic. Fem. fl. 2. 3 at apex of innovations. - -Wet rocks, and moorlands in mountainous districts. - -E. S. & I. - - -104. C. BREVIPILUS. B. & S. In dense broad tufts, when dry glossy yellow -green above, fuscescent below, ¾–1¼ in. high, almost free from radicles, -fastigiate; l. erect densely crowded, narrowly lanceolate-subulate, very -concave, the point denticulate at margin and back, not auricled; nerve -one-third width of leaf base excurrent into a short hair point; per. l. -wider sheathing, narrowed into a hispid hair, margin recurved above -base. Areolæ lax; basal cells quadrate, above rhomboidal flexuose, -marginal very narrow; fem. fl. solitary. - -Heathy places. Sussex, Hants, Cheshire, York, Arran. - -105. C. INTROFLEXUS. Brid. (_C. longipilus._ Bry. Eur. pro parte. _C. -polytrichoides._ De Not. _D. ericetorum._ Mitt.) Densely tufted, -olivaceous brown below, innov. yellow green with hoary tips; ¾–1½in. -high, sparingly radiculose, dichotomous; l. imbricated, erecto-patent, -lanceolate-subulate, channelled; not auricled; wings but little -incurved, comal leaves broader lanceolate acuminate, lowest muticous, -rest prolonged into a diaphanous spinuloso-denticulate arista shorter -than the leaf. Nerve three-fourths width of limb, lammelluligerous at -back. Basal cells hyaline large and empty, gradually becoming obliquely -oval and minute, chlorophyllose, a few fuscous alar cells in comal -leaves; per. l. oblong convolute, subulate at apex. Thecæ aggregated on -short peduncles, oval, unequal, rough at base, lid obliquely rostrate. -Calyp. reaching middle of capsule, sparingly fimbriate. - -Dry heaths and stony places. Cornwall, Jersey, Scotland, Ireland. - - - _b._ Leaves unicolorous. - - - * auricled at base. - -106. C. SHAWII. Wils. MS. Tufts lax, yellow green above, blackish brown -below, 1–2in. high. Stems robust, with numerous radicles. L. -erecto-patent, straight, rigid, from a somewhat contracted linear base, -lanceolate, longly subulate, suddenly narrowed at one-third their -length; margin involute above, apex acute, with a few minute -denticulations. Nerve two-thirds width of base. Cells at basal wings -enlarged lax reddish brown, exterior rows hyaline, above rectangular, -and then rhomboido-elliptic. Leaves falcate when growing in dry places. - -Outer Hebrides, 1866 (Mr. Shaw). - - -107. C. ALPINUS. Schpr. Densely cæspitose, 2–3in. high, stem erect, -dichotomous, with rufous radicles from back of leaf base at base of -innovations. L. rigid, fragile, and deciduous, erect or slightly secund, -lowest lanceolate, becoming larger upwards and longly subulate, -subtubular, subula sharply or obsoletely serrate. Nerve half width of -base. Auricles very large decurrent, cells orange brown, central -hyaline, above laxer narrowly hexagono-rectangular, and at last quadrate -without chlorophyll, solid and yellowish. - -Moist heaths and rocks. Wales and Scotland. - - -108. C. FLEXUOSUS. Brid. Tufts dense yellowish green. Stems ½–1½in. -high, erect dichotomous, with rufous purple radicles to apex, bearing -gemmæ intermixed. L. patent straight or secund, sub-falcate, lower -lanceolate upper subulate, uppermost very long and toothed at apex all -concave, glossy, red when old. Nerve one-third width of base; angles not -decurrent, with short wide fuscous cells, others hexagono-rectangular, -upper quadrate and chlorophyllose; per. l. nine; inner sheathing longly -subulate, with a narrower nerve, calyptra fuscous at apex. Caps. oval, -regular, or gibbous, short-necked olivaceous, with eight striæ, sulcate -when dry; lid conico-rostrate; annulus broad double. - -Sub-alpine moist rocks and peaty soil. XI. - - -109. C. PARADOXUS. Wils. MS. Tufts ½–1in. high, fastigiate, dull -yellowish green above, pale brown below; st. with short lateral ramuli, -and few rufous radicles. L. erecto-patent (erecto-appressed when dry) -uppermost longest slightly secund lanceolate-subulate, concave; apex -usually of two teeth, with a few irregular ones below on each side. -Nerve one-third width of base. Lamina extended to apex; basal cells thin -enlarged hyaline when young, afterwards fuscous, above rectangular, in -14–16 longitudinal rows, thickened and quadrate towards apex. - -Peaty soil, Cheviots (barren), Boyd and Hardy, 1868. - - -110. C. SETIFOLIUS. Wils. Tufts lax soft, bright or yellowish green -above, blackish below, without radicles. St. 5–10in. slender, erect, -geniculate. L. distant erecto-patent or sub-secund, glossy, from a -lanceolate base gradually running into a very long subula, sometimes -half twisted; uppermost with wings serrate. Nerve half width of base; -auricles very large and inflated, the cells partly fuscous, partly -hyaline, hexagonal, above hexagono-rectangular, upper rhombic -chlorophyllose; fl. of each sex collected in capitula; males 3–4, fem. -numerous. - -Wet places, and clefts of rocks. I. S. - - -111. C. SWARTZII. Schpr. Tufts dense soft yellowish green, brownish -below, without radicles. St. 2–3in. slender; l. erecto-patent, straight -or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate, upper lanceolate-subulate, entire -at apex, base somewhat sheathing, auricles hyaline inflated decurrent. -Nerve two-thirds of base, finely sulcate at back towards apex. Basal -areolæ narrow, auricular very lax hexagono-rectangular hyaline, above -sub-quadrate. - -Granite alpine rocks. Wales, Scotland. - - - * * L. not auricled. - - - § St. radiculose. - -112. C. FRAGILIS. B. & S. Tufts pale green glossy, st. ½–2in. fragile. -L. densely crowded erecto-patent rigid incumbent when dry, lower -lanceolate, upper extended into a subula, toothed at apex, wings -recurved above. Nerve very broad. Basal areolæ lax pellucid narrow -rectangular, above minute quadrate, no distinct alar cells. Caps. -solitary, bent down, oval, symmetric, fuscous, when dry plicate, -contracted below the mouth, lid conico-subulate oblique, red; calyp. -whitish, rufous at apex. - -Sandstone rocks and moist heaths. - - var. β. _densus._ (B. & S.) st. taller, l. shorter, with more acute - entire points and laxer cells. - - -113. C. SCHIMPERI. Milde. Tufts dense compact. St. 1–2in. slender light -silky green above, fuscous below. L. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, -straight rigid, lanceolate-subulate, channelled, denticulate only at -apex. Nerve very broad. Basal cells lax rectangular hyaline, very narrow -at margin, above elliptic. - -Alpine hills. Scotland. - - -114. C. PYRIFORMIS. Brid. (_C. turfaceus._ B. & S.) Tufts flat -olivaceous or bright green, finally tawny. St. ½–1in. slender erect, -radiculose only at base. L. less crowded, gradually larger upwards, -erecto-patent, lower lanceolate, middle lanceolate-subulate, upper from -a lanceolate base setaceous. Nerve one-third base, thin channelled at -back. Areolæ resembling _C. flexuosus_, but thinner, hyaline at base Fr. -several from same apex; caps. ovate olivaceous, fulvous when ripe, -sulcate, lid obliquely rostrate; calyp. whitish, tip brown. - -Moist heaths and sides of ditches. - - var. β. _Mulleri._ Juratzka. L. caducous, calyptra without fringe. - - - § § St. very short, not radiculose. - -115. C. BREVIFOLIUS. Schpr. St. ½in. yellowish green, with caducous -ramuli. L. short rigid erect lanceolate, longly acuminate, concave, -obsoletely toothed at apex. Nerve half base; basal areolæ hyaline lax -rectangular, gradually shorter and more quadrate, lower ones with their -transverse walls much thickened. - -Dry and stony places. Scotland. - - - 21. POTTIA. EHRH. - -116. P. PUSILLA. Hedw. (_P. cavifolia._ Ehr.) St. very short and simple -or branched; l. erecto-patent concave, obovate or elliptical; caps. -oval, on a short seta; lid obliquely rostrate. - -Banks and mud walls. III. - - var. β. stem short, l. somewhat acuminate, scarcely piliferous. - - γ. _incana._ N. & H. l. with long hair-like points. - - -117. P. MINUTULA. B. & S. Very minute, l. carinate, spreading, -ovate-lanceolate, with recurved margins; caps. small, ovate-truncate; -lid flattish conical, not beaked. - -Fallow fields. Winter and Spring. - - var. β. _rufescens._ l. narrower reddish. - - γ. _conica._ l. ovate-lanceolate, with a short mucro, caps. - narrower at mouth. - - -118. P. TRUNCATULA. L. St. ⅛in., l. spreading obovate-acuminate or -oblong-lanceolate, with a slightly excurrent nerve; caps. obovate, -truncate, with a wide mouth; lid convex obliquely rostrate. - -Fallow soil. II. III. - - var. β. _major._ caps. oval-oblong, stem smaller. - - γ. _sub-cylindrica._ l. ovate-lanceolate; nerve much excurrent; - caps. sub-cylindrical. - - -119. P. CRINITA. Wils. St. ¼in. tufted; l. obovate-oblong obtuse; nerve -excurrent into a very long hair-like point; caps. elliptic-oblong, -scarcely contracted, calyp. smooth. - -Rocky and moist places. - - -120. P. WILSONI. B. & S. St. ¼in. in tufts, l. ovate-oblong, obtuse; -nerve excurrent into a longish mucro; caps. elliptic-oblong, contracted -at mouth; lid shortly and obliquely rostrate; calyp. rough at apex. - -Sandy banks. II. - - -121. P. LITTORALIS. Mitt. (Jour. Bot. IX., 4.) L. oblong-spathulate -obtuse or acute, lower pale, upper green, nerve excurrent, longer in -lower leaves; areolæ in upper part of leaf small obscure, smooth, lower -oblong pellucid; caps. oblong-oval, mouth less than greatest diameter; -lid rostrate slightly twisted; male fl. bud-like. - -Aldington, near Brighton, Hastings. - - -122. P. ASPERULA. Mitt. (l. c.) L. obovate-spathulate, acute, but not -acuminate, nerve excurrent into a short point; areolæ upper rounded -rather obscure, each with several elevated points, lower oblong smooth -pellucid; caps. oval, lid rostrate slightly twisted; antheridia naked in -axils of comal leaves. - -Henfield, Sussex; Penzance (Curnow), Jersey (Piquet). - - -123. P. VIRIDIFOLIA. Mitt. (l. c.) (_P. pallida_, Braith. Jour. Bot. -VIII., 255, non Lindberg.) L. obovate-spathulate obtuse or slightly -acute; nerve not very stout, excurrent into a short point; margin -recurved at middle; areolæ, upper hexagonal or nearly square, obscure, -with minute protuberances, lower oblong hyaline smooth; caps. oblong on -a short seta; lid rostrate; antheridia in axils of comal leaves. - -Plymouth (Holmes). - - -124. P. HEIMII. B. & S. St. ⅛–¼in. cæspitose, branched; l. spreading, -oblong-lanceolate, margin not recurved; caps. obovate or oblong -truncate, lid obliquely rostrate, adherent to columella. - -Moist banks near the sea. IV. V. - - - 22. ANACALYPTA. RÖHL. - -125. A. STARKEANA. N. & H. Minute, gregarious; l. spreading -ovate-lanceolate, entire, margin recurved; nerve excurrent; caps. small -oval brown; lid convexo-conical; per. teeth obtuse perforate. - -Banks and fields. I. II. - - var. β. _brachyodus._ caps. narrower; per. teeth very short truncate. - - -126. A. CÆSPITOSA. Bruch. Minute cæspitose; l. oblong-lanceolate or -ovate, concave, plane, nerve excurrent; caps. ovate yellowish brown, lid -with a long beak; per. teeth perforate. - -Woolsonbury Hill, Sussex (chalk). III. - - -127. A. LANCEOLATA. RÖHL. St. ¼–½in. cæspitose; l. spreading -ovate-lanceolate acute, margin recurved, entire; nerve excurrent into a -longish mucro; caps. ovate; lid conical obliquely rostrate; per. teeth -very variable, rather long, with a medial line. - -Moist limestone banks, walls, &c. III. - - -128. A. LATIFOLIA. N. & H. St. short, gregarious, bulb-like; l. -imbricate, broadly roundish ovate, pointed or obtuse, concave, nerve -ceasing below apex: caps. oval-oblong, lid long, rostrate. - -Alpine rocks, in crevices. Spring. - - var. β. _pilifera._ l. with hair-like points. - - - [23. DESMATODON. BRID.—_Vide_ “TORTULA.”] - - - 24. DISTICHIUM. B. & S. - -129. D. CAPILLACEUM. B. & S. St. 1–2in. cæspitose; l. -subulate-setaceous, spreading; caps. erect, ovate-oblong or almost -cylindrical, reddish brown; per. teeth, narrow, articulate, bi- or -tri-fid. - -Scotch and Welsh mountains. Summer. - - -130. D. INCLINATUM. B. & S. St. shorter than last, and less cæspitose; -leaves same, per. l. 1, 2, or 3 together; caps. oval, olive-brown, -inclined or cernuous; per. teeth larger lanceolate, articulate, entire -or perforate, bi-trifid. - -Irish and Scotch mountains. VI. VII. - - var. β. _tenue._ smaller in all its parts. - - - 25. DIDYMODON. BR. & S. - - - 1. Monoicous. - -131. D. RUBELLUS. B. & S. St. ¼–1in. cæspitose, lower leaves reddish, -upper dull green, all oblong-lanceolate, spreading, margin recurved, -keeled, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pale brown, cylindrical; lid with a -short oblique beak; antheridia naked in axils of per. l. - -Shady walls, rocks, &c. X. - - -132. D. JENNERI. Schp. St. 1–1½in. cæspitose, brownish black below; br. -fastigiate; l. spreading cirrhate linear-lanceolate concave, keeled, -serrate, nerved to apex; areolæ minute rectangular transparent at base; -caps. oval-oblong, slightly drooping, lid with a short obtuse beak. - -Ross-shire (Jenner and Howie). [Referred by Wilson, and others, to -_Cynodontium polycarpon_.] - - - 2. Dioicous. - - - _a._ L. lanceolate, rigid. - -133. D. LURIDUS. Hornsch. St. ¼–1in. cæspitose; l., lower -ovate-lanceolate, upper larger and broader, with entire recurved -margins, keeled, acute, nerved (reddish) almost or quite to apex, areolæ -small roundish; caps. symmetrical oblong on a shortish seta twisted to -the right; lid conical pointed; per. teeth small irregular. - -Limestone walls, &c., rare. XII. - - - _b._ L. narrow, not rigid. - -134. D. CYLINDRICUS. B. & S. ¼–1in.; l. spreading flexuose, -linear-lanceolate, margin undulate and minutely crenulate; areolæ small -opaque, gradually enlarged towards the base, there diaphanous; caps. -erect, narrow, cylindrical; lid long conico-rostrate, per. teeth -linear-lanceolate, fugacious. - -Damp shady rocks. E. S. & I. X. - - -135. D. FLEXIFOLIUS. Hook. & Tayl. Barren stems long trailing, fertile -½in; l. spreading, flexuose, more so when dry, oblong or ligulate, -margin reflexed below, and serrate at apex, nerve not reaching apex; -areolæ round; caps. small cylindrical, somewhat curved, lid with a short -beak; per. teeth short. - -High moorlands, Buxton, Alderley Edge, Ben Ledi. III. IV. - - var. _gemmescens._ Mitt. MS. Nerve excurrent into an apiculus, which - bears a cluster of egg-shaped or oblong gemmæ. - -Old thatch, Amberley, Sussex (Mitten). - - -136. D. RECURVIFOLIUS. Tayl. “Stems elongate, loosely cæspitose; l. -squarrose, crisped and undulate when dry; elliptic-oblong or ligulate, -pale margined serrulate, nerve sub-excurrent; areolæ small dense opaque, -elongate and pellucid at base.” Ireland, 1842; fruit not known (Wilson). - - - 26. TRICHOSTOMUM. BR. & S. - - - SECT. I. L. lanceolate or ligulate: dioicous. - -137. T. TOPHACEUM. Brid. St. ¼–1in. densely cæspitose, branches -fasciculate; l. lanceolate (the upper ones obtuse), concave keeled, -margins recurved; nerve not reaching to apex; caps. sub-cylindrical -erect, regular; lid with an oblique beak; per. teeth variable, sometimes -only 16, somewhat fugacious. - -Moist places and rocks. XI. - - -138. T. BRACHYDONTIUM. Bruch. (_T. mutabile._ olim.) L. broader, -lanceolate or ligulate, crisped, not cucullate, margin slightly -undulate, nerve excurrent into a prominent mucro; caps. ovate-oblong -erect, regular; lid obliquely rostrate; per. teeth very short and -irregular. - - -139. T. CRISPULUM. Bruch. St. ¼–1in., l. lower lanceolate, distant; -upper crowded, longer, linear-lanceolate concave cucullate at apex, -crisped when dry; nerve prolonged into a short mucro; caps. oval, erect, -regular; lid with an oblique beak; perist. t. in unequal pairs. - -Limestone rocks near the sea; Ormes Head; Anglesea; Bristol. VI. VII. - - var. β. _brevifolium._ l. shorter, lanceolate, acuminate, caps. - smaller. - - γ. _angustifolium._ l. narrowly linear-lanceolate crowded, - apiculate. - - -140. T. FLAVO-VIRENS. Bruch. Müller. St. short, with innovations from -summit (interruptedly comose); l. oblong-ligulate, obtuse mucronate, -margins entire undulate incurved; fruit-stalk red, slightly flexuose; -thick nerve prolonged into a short mucro; caps. oblong-cylindrical pale -yellowish brown, with a red mouth; per. t. elongate, regular, in pairs. -Lid acuminate, half as long as caps. with an oblique beak. - -Shoreham, Sussex; Plymouth (Holmes), Malahide (Dr. Moore). [W. Mitten. -Jour. Bot., VI., p. 97.] - - -141. T. LITTORALE. Mitten. St. elongate, tufted, more or less -interruptedly comose; l. erecto-patent, oblong-ligulate obtuse, -channelled, recurved towards apex, with nerve excurrent into a short -mucro; basal cells hyaline oblong and rectangular. - -Ireland; Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; Hastings, (loc. cit. p. 99.) - - -142. T. (DITRICHUM) TENUE. Hedw. Dwarf, branched. L. from an erect base, -patent or secund, narrowly lanceolate, uppermost lanceolate-subulate; -per. l. sheathing half their length, quite entire; caps. oblong erect or -a little curved, lid conic rostrate. - -Carn Lochan and Mael Girdy, 1863 (Crombie); Clova (Fergusson). [Dr. -Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. VIII. 228.] - - β. _glaciale._ in long broad tufts with broader erecto-patent - leaves. (This is _Ditrichum zonatum_ Lorenz.) - - - SECT. II. L. subulate from a lanceolate base. - - - _A. dioicous._ - -143. T. TORTILE. Schrad. St. ¼in. gregarious, sub-flexuose; l. mostly -secund, somewhat falcate, margin reflexed, nerve excurrent into the -slightly toothed apex; caps. small cylindrical, erect, regular or -curved; lid conical, slightly rostrate; per. teeth irregular, purplish -red. - -Sandy places, rare; Belfast, Yorkshire, Sussex. X. XI. - - -144. T. FLEXICAULE. Br. & S. St. 1–3in. flexuose, cæspitose, with -fastigiate branches; l. longer and more setaceous than in last, -flexuose, concave, usually secund, nerve broad, excurrent, toothed at -apex; caps. erect, small, ovate-oblong; annulus present; per. teeth long -irregular. - -Scotch and Derbyshire mountains (calcareous). VI. - - var. β. _densum._ densely cæspitose; l. straighter. - - -145. T. HOMOMALLUM. B. & S. St. scarcely ½in. cæspitose; l. -subulato-setaceous from a broadish base, mostly secund, nerve broad, -much excurrent; caps. erect oblong-ovate, brown on a long red seta; -annulus present; lid short conical obtuse; basilar membrane of perist. -very narrow. - -Sandy banks. Autumn. - - - B. _monoicous._ - -146. T. SUBULATUM. Bruch. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. subulato-setaceous from -an ovate base, spreading or somewhat secund, with a long excurrent -nerve; caps. oval, lid large obliquely rostellate; seta somewhat -flexuose; annulus none; basilar membrane very narrow; antheridia -axillary naked. - -Cornwall (Rev.—Tozer). Spring. - - -147. T. GLAUCESCENS. Hedw. St. ½in., branches fastigiate; l. glaucous, -linear-lanceolate, margin plane (upper crowded into a tuft or coma), -nerve sometimes excurrent into the denticulate apex; caps. oblong-oval, -pale brown, with a long beaked lid; basilar membrane very narrow; barren -fl. gemmiform. - -Scotch mountains. Summer. - - - 27. TORTULA. SCHREB. - - -SECT. I. ALOIDELLA. L. rigid, covered on the upper side with articulated - cellular filaments or gemmæ arising from the broad nerve. - -148. T. STELLATA. Schreb. 1771. (_T. rigida._ Schultz,) St. minute, -loosely cæspitose; l. spreading from an upright base oblong obtuse, -margin inflexed membranaceous; caps. erect elliptical; lid with a long -oblique beak; calyp. half as large as capsule; per. teeth long, and much -twisted; dioicous. - -Limestone walls. XI. XII. - - -149. T. AMBIGUA. Br. & S. (larger in all its parts than last.) L. -ligulate lanceolate, apex cucullate, margin incurved; caps. erect -cylindrical; lid rostrate; calyp. very short; per. teeth filiform, -little twisted; arcuato-incurved when dry: dioicous. - -Walls and banks (marly). XI. XII. - - -150. T. ALOIDES. Br. & S. St. as above; l. spreading, narrowly -lanceolate, acute, with a strong nerve; caps. cylindrical inclined; lid -conical, bluntly rostrate; per. teeth scarcely twisted, when dry widely -spreading: dioicous. - -Clay banks. XI. XII. - - - SECT. II. CUNEIFOLIÆ. L. broadly or spathulato-lanceolate. - -151. T. LAMELLATA. Lindb. (_Pottia cavifolia_ var. _gracilis_. Bry. -Brit.) St. very short cæspitose; l. rather lax erecto-patent, concave, -lower smaller, roundish oval, piliferous, upper larger oval spathulate, -nerve excurrent into mucro; caps. oblong sub-cylindrical, striate when -dry, on a long red seta; lid with a long rather oblique beak; perist. -that of a true _Tortula_, but so fragile as to have escaped notice, and -always falling off with the operculum according to Dr. Schimper; -monoicous. - -Banks and walls, Oxford (Boswell), Pontefract, Edinburgh (Nowell); -Aldrington (Davies). II. - -152. T. ATROVIRENS. Smith. Lindb. [_Didymodon nervosus_, Hook. & T. -_Desmatodon nervosus_, Bry. Brit.] St. ¼in. densely cæspitose, branched; -l. spreading oval or oblong concave, margins revolute, nerve thick, -prolonged into a short mucro; areolæ small roundish larger and -diaphanous at base; caps. oval-oblong, lid large conical with an oblique -beak. - -Dry banks, &c., near the sea. - - -153. T. CUNEIFOLIA. Dicks. Gregarious; st. simple; l. upper crowded -oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, nerve sometimes excurrent, soft, pellucid, -areolæ loose; lower broadly ovate aristate; caps. oblong erect, lid -obtuse short; basilar membrane of perist. broadish: monoicous. - -Banks, sea coast, rare. III. IV. - - -154. T. MARGINATA. B. & S. St. simple gregarious or cæspitose; l. -oblong-lanceolate or linear, margin thickened, nerve sometimes excurrent -into a mucro; caps. oblong, lid very large, shortly rostrate; basilar -membrane narrow. - -Sandstone walls, rare. V. VI. - - -155. T. VAHLIANA. Schultz. Small, gregarious or cæspitose; l. lower -oblong, upper oblong wedge-shaped, nerve excurrent subulate, margin -reflexed; caps. narrow elongate cylindrical, brown, sometimes slightly -incurved; lid shortly subulate, annulus broad; basilar membrane of -perist. tesselate: monoicous. Differs from _muralis_ in its broader -softer leaves, narrower capsule, and longer basilar tube. - -Damp clayey ground, on road sides, &c. Spring. - -Sussex, 1863 (G. Davies); Woking, Surrey (Sheppard and Westell.) - - var. β. _subflaccida._ (_T. oblongifolia_, Bry. Brit.) L. with margins - more or less revolute, crenulate, with minute papillæ. - - -156. T. CANESCENS. Br. Simple gregarious or cæspitose, hoary; l. lower -obovate, upper oval-oblong, all concave, with a recurved margin, and -nerve excurrent into a long hair-like point; caps. small oblong erect, -with a long oblique conical lid; basilar membrane broadish: monoicous. - -Fairlight Glen, Hastings. (Mr. Jenner). - - -157. T. MURALIS. Timm. Short, cæspitose; l. oblong obtuse, margin -recurved, nerve excurrent into a long hair-like point; caps. oblong -erect, with a long rostellate lid; basilar membrane narrow: monoicous. - - var. β. _incana._ caps. small; l. oval-lanceolate, with long hair - points. - - γ. _æstiva._ l. long linear-lanceolate, nerve scarcely excurrent. - - δ. _rupestris._ larger and much branched; l. larger oblong, - piliferous, caps. longer, curved. - -Walls and stones (δ limestone). IV. V. - - - SECT. III. BARBULA. L. naked, narrowly or ovate-lanceolate, in some - species slightly cirrhate when dry. - -158. T. MUCRONATA. Brid. [_Cinclidotus riparius_ β. _terrestris_. Bry. -Brit.] St. 1–2in. radiculose, branches fastigiate; l. erecto-patent, -long lingulate, concave, minutely papillose on both sides, margin -slightly recurved, nerve thick excurrent into a mucro; areolæ upper -minute, rectangular and hyaline at base; caps. erect cylindrical -incurved, lid with an oblique beak: dioicous. - -Stones in streams. Anglesea, Bristol, Surrey, Sussex, in fr. (Davies.) -IV. - - -159. T. UNGUICULATA. Hedw. St. ⅛–1in. cæspitose, dichotomous; l. -oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, margin recurved, nerve excurrent into a short -mucro; caps. oblong-cylindrical erect on a long reddish seta; lid with a -subulate beak: dioicous. - -Clay banks and hedges. XII. - - var. β. _cuspidata._ stems shorter, l. narrower, with a longer mucro. - - γ. _apiculata._ l. spreading recurved, mucro long. - - δ. _microcarpa._ caps. small oval or oval-oblong. - - ε. _obtusifolia._ more robust, l. shorter, broader obtuse, mucro - almost or altogether absent; caps. sub-cylindrical. - - ζ. _fastigiata._ with long fastigiate innovations; l. larger, - slightly undulate. - - -160. T. CONVOLUTA. Hedw. Cæspitose; l. spreading oblong-lanceolate, -plane or somewhat undulate in margin, nerve not excurrent; per. l. -strongly convolute, sheathing; caps. inclined oblong-ovate, on a -yellowish seta; lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous. - -Walls, &c. V. VI. - - -161. T. REVOLUTA. Schwaeg. Densely cæspitose, l. crowded erecto-patent -oblong-lanceolate, nerve excurrent from the blunt apex, margin strongly -revolute; caps. reddish brown oval-oblong, with a scarcely oblique lid; -seta red: dioicous. - -Walls, mostly limestone. V. - - -162. T. HORNSCHUCHIANA. Schultz. Loosely cæspitose, l. crowded, -spreading, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to an acute point, -formed by slightly excurrent nerve, margins slightly revolute; caps. -oblong slightly curved, annulus narrow: dioicous. - -Rocks, walls, and banks, not common. IV. V. - - -163. T. VINEALIS. Brid. St. more tufted than in _T. fallax_; l. strictly -patent with a stouter nerve, which is obscure towards the acute apex; -the latter usually tipped with a pointed hyaline cell; appressed when -dry, not crisped or contorted; caps. sub-cylindrical: dioicous. (W. -Mitten, in Jour. Bot. v. 324.) - -Walls. IV. V. - - -164. T. INSULANA. De Not. (_T. vinealis_ β. _flaccida_. Bryol. Brit. -124.) St. loosely cæspitose; l. linear-subulate from a lanceolate -appressed base, recurved or hooked, obliquely patent, acute, margin -recurved below, above plane, nerve excurrent; contorted when dry; caps. -oblong erect; lid conical attenuate, somewhat obtuse, half as long as -capsule: rare in fruit. (loc. cit. 328.) - -England and Ireland. - - -* [T. GRACILIS. Schw. Stem cæspitose, branches fastigiate; “l. -erecto-patent, imbricated when dry, carinato-concave, margin recurved, -nerve excurrent; per. l. larger, sheathing subulate, and flexuose at -apex; caps. ovate-oblong or ovate; perist. scarcely contorted, with a -broadish basilar membrane.”—Wils. Bryol. Brit. p. 123. Inserted from -Wilson, but has not yet been certainly found in Britain.] - - Spring. - - -165. T. RIGIDULA. Hedw. (_Trichost. rigidulum_, var. β. _densum_. Bryol. -Brit. 114.) l. lanceolate carinate, rigid, bristly, not appressed and -imbricate, when dry slightly curved and loosely contorted; nerve stout -continued into a thick obscure point, not really excurrent; fruit -similar to No. 164. (loc. cit. 327.) - -Scotland, York, Sussex, and Cornwall. - - -166. T. SPADICEA. Mitt. (_Trichostomum rigidulum._ Bryol. Brit., p. -114.) St. robust 1–2in.; l. patent from the base, lanceolate-subulate, -canaliculate, margin recurved below; incurved and closely imbricate when -dry; nerve percurrent and distinct to apex; per. l. lower half erect -broadly ovate, upper narrow, recurved; caps. erect cylindrical on a red -seta; lid shortly subulate, twisted; teeth narrow, on a short membrane: -dioicous. (loc. cit., p. 326.) - -Rocks and stones near water. Scotland, Ireland, Bolton Abbey. Autumn, -Winter. - - -167. T. FALLAX. Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate from a -broadish base, keeled, margin recurved, somewhat squarrose, gradually -tapering and nerved to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. variable both in -size and shape, usually sub-cylindrical, with an obtuse rostrate lid -often as long as itself: dioicous. - -Clay and limestone banks. XI. XII. - - -168. T. REFLEXA. Brid. [_T. fallax._ δ. Bry. Brit.] St. loosely -cæspitose; l. tristichous, recurved and falcate, slightly twisted, from -an oblong base lanceolate, keeled, strongly papillose on both sides, -margin reflexed below, nerve vanishing below apex; caps. erect -cylindrical regular; lid subulate beaked: dioicous. - - -Calcareous rocks and walls, rare in fr. - -Scotland, Yorkshire, Derbyshire; Rydal Water (Baker). [Dr. Braithwaite, -Jour. of Bot. IX., 293.] - - -169. T. RUFA. (Lorenz). Braithwaite. “St. 2–5in. often prostrate at -base, sparingly dichotomous, dense leaved. L. recurved when moist, solid -from an ovate base lanceolate, gradually apiculate, margin strongly -recurved, nerve vanishing just below apex; cells at base rhomboid -pellucid, at apex minute quadrate papillose. Reported from Ben Lawers by -Dr. Stirton, but I have not seen British specimens.”—[Dr. Braithwaite, -l. c. 293.] - - -170. T. RECURVIFOLIA. Mitt. (_T. gigantea_, Lindb.). “In large fuscous -green tufts, blackish brown at base. St. 3–8in. simple or bi-tripartite, -robust dense leaved, with a few radicles. L. trifarious -squarroso-recurved, when dry twisted and crisped, elongate lanceolate -concave, margin strongly revolute, nerve strong, reaching apex; basal -cells elongate with sinuous walls, above irregularly stellate.” (l. c. -293.) - -Dripping alpine rocks. Ben Bulben, Sligo (Moore). - -Buxton in fruit, June, 1865. G. E. Hunt. - - - SECT. IV. SYNTRICHIA. Lower portion of peristome forming a long tube. - -171. T. PRINCEPS. De Not. (_T. Mulleri._ B. & S.) St. 1–2in., cæspitose, -with brownish radicles; l. erecto-patent, oblong broad, concave, -fawn-coloured, margin reflexed; nerve excurrent into a short scabrous -hair point from a rounded obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, straight or -curved on a purplish seta; one-half perist. tubular: synoicous. - -Rocks, Scotland. Spring. - - -172. T. RURALIS. Hedw. Cæspitose, branches dichotomous; l. squarrose, -recurved ovate-oblong keeled, nerve excurrent into a long scabrous hair -point from the acute apex, margin slightly recurved; caps. -sub-cylindrical slightly curved; quite one-half perist. tubular; lid -long conical: dioicous. - -Walls and roofs. III. IV. - - -173. T. LÆVIPILA. Brid. Cæspitose; l. spreading obovate-oblong or almost -panduriform, margin slightly recurved below, nerve reddish, excurrent -into a longish white hair point from the obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, -slightly curved, lid conical; one-third perist. tubular: monoicous. - -Trunks of trees and rocks. V. VI. - - -174. T. INTERMEDIA. Brid. (_T. ruralis_ β _minor_, Wils. Bry. Brit.) -Smaller and densely cæspitose or sub-pulvinate; l. erecto-patent, oblong -spathulate apex obtuse, nerve excurrent into a long scabrous hair point; -caps. shorter than in 172: dioicous. - -Limestone walls, Scotland and N. Wales. Spring. - - -175. T. PAPILLOSA. Wils. Cæspitose; l. spreading obovate concave, margin -plane (involute when dry), nerve thick papillose on the back, and -excurrent into a smooth hair point from suddenly tapering apex; a few -hyaline cells at base: fr. not known. - -Wales, Sussex, and Hampshire. - - -176. T. LATIFOLIA. B. & S. L. obovate-spathulate or almost panduriform, -soft and flaccid, with a scarcely excurrent nerve, notched at the obtuse -apex; caps. cylindrical slightly curved, with a long rostrate lid; quite -one-third of perist. tubular; annulus small: dioicous. - -Roots of trees, stones, &c.; fruit rare. Spring. - - -177. T. SUBULATA. Brid. Cæspitose, simple or branched; l. -oblong-lanceolate, narrowed and pellucid at base, margin plane, -sometimes with a row of larger cells, nerve excurrent into a short -mucro, apex sometimes slightly toothed; caps. very long cylindrical -curved with a short lid; half peristome tubular: monoicous. - -Sandy hedge banks, walls, &c. V. VI. - - - SECT. V. TORTUOSÆ. L. strongly twisted and cirrhate when dry. - -178. T. TORTUOSA. W. & M. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. very long -linear-lanceolate, crowded flexuose, margin plane and undulated, with an -excurrent nerve; per. l. narrow and tapering cirrhate; caps. straight or -incurved, erect or inclined, ovate-oblong, on a longish seta: dioicous. - -Limestone rocks, Derbyshire. VII. - - -179. T. HIBERNICA. Mitt. St. 2in. branched; l. at apices of branches -sub-comose and stellate; base dilated and clasping above, thence patent -or patenti-divergent, straight, rarely incurved or recurved, channelled, -cirrhate when dry; ovate-lanceolate below, thence lineal-subulate, -acute, nerve yellow continued to apex. (loc. cit. p. 329.) - -Mountains near Dunkerran, common, but always sterile. (Dr. Taylor.) - - -180. T. NITIDA. Lindb. 1864. (_Trichost. diffractum_, Mitt. 1868.) -Dioicous, densely pulvinate: stem rigid branched; l. crowded -erecto-patent, arcuate when dry, more or less elongate, oblong, obtuse, -channelled, margin plane slightly undulate, nerve terete prominent on -back, excurrent; areolation minute, loose and cuneiform at base; fr. not -known. (l. c. IX., 294.) - -Clifton, Torquay, Plymouth. - - -181. T. SINUOSA. Mitt. Jour. of Bot. V., 327. (_Dicranella_, Wils. MS.; -_Trichostomum_, Lindb.) Densely cæspitose, fuscous below, l. long -linear-lanceolate or subulate patent from a very short pellucid base, -margin slightly recurved below, above denticulate, nerve continued into -a thick obscure blunt point, often broken off; basilar cells all oblong -and rectangular; fr. not known. - -Shady places at roots of trees, Sussex, Cornwall, Bangor. - - -182. T. FRAGILIS. Wils. (_Trichostomum_, Müll. Syn.) Stem erect simple -or dichotomously branched, radiculose tomentose at base; l. crowded -lanceolate-subulate, nerve excurrent, margins plane; areolæ minute, -large and hyaline at base; caps. erect, ovate-oblong, regular or -slightly incurved; lid conical with a long oblique beak; fruit rare. (l. -c. IX., 294.) - -Clefts of rocks and on the ground. Ben Lawers. - - Summer. - -183. T. SQUARROSA. De Not. St. 1in. cæspitose; l. squarrose, lanceolate, -recurved, with a broad sheathing base, margin undulate, with large -diaphanous cells, somewhat serrulate at apex; nerve scarcely excurrent; -capsule sub-cylindrical, narrow, slightly curved; lid conical, half as -long as capsule; seta 1in. long: dioicous. - -Chalk. Ireland and S. of England; fr. not known in this country. - - - 28. CINCLIDOTUS. B. & S. - -[C. RIPARIUS. Walker Arnott. Acrocarpous; branches fasciculate; “l. -spreading oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with thickened margins, very -shortly mucronate, nerve excurrent; caps. exserted on a short thick -pedicel, elliptic-oblong; lid obliquely conico-rostrate; perist. with -numerous subdivisions.”] Bry. Brit. 138. - -Not found in Britain, but IV. - - var. β. _terrestris_ has been frequently found, and is now referred to - _Tortula mucronata_, to which refer. - - -184. C. FONTINALOIDES. P. Beauv. Cladocarpous; st. 2–5in., in long -straggling tufts, generally floating; l. crowded, spreading, flexuose, -lanceolate, acute, with a thickened margin and strong excurrent nerve; -per. l. larger sheathing ovate-lanceolate, thinner; cap. immersed, with -a conical beaked lid; calyp. persistent, thick, split on one side. - -Stones in rivulets, &c. III. IV. - - - 29. ENCALYPTA. Schreb. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - - - 1. Peristome wanting. - -185. E. COMMUTATA. N. & H. Stems about 1in. branched radiculose; l. -squarrose, from an erect ovate base lanceolate, concave, acute, nerve -excurrent; caps. smooth cylindrical, with a long beaked lid; calyp. -jagged but not fringed at base. - -Alpine summits. Scotland. VII. VIII. - - - 2. Peristome single. - -186. E. VULGARIS. Hedw. St. about ½in. branched, radiculose; l. -spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, acute or obtuse, nerve sometimes -excurrent; margin plane; caps. smooth cylindrical; base of calyptra -entire; perist. very fugacious. - -Limestone walls, rocks, &c. III. IV. - - var. β. perist. none, leaves apiculate (common). - - γ. perist. none, l. obtuse and concave at apex. - - δ. perist. none, l. obtuse; caps. oblique. - - ε. perist. none, l. piliferous. - - -187. E. CILIATA. Hedw. St. about ½in. radiculose; l. oblong-ovate, -margin recurved below, and toothed near apex; gradually tapering to a -point formed by the excurrent nerve, undulate; caps. cylindrical, -smooth; perist. persistent; calyptra fringed at base. - -Sub-alpine rocks. VI. VII. - - -188. E. RHABDOCARPA. Schw. St. ½–1in. radiculose; l. spreading, erect -and crisped when dry, oblong-lanceolate, nerve generally more or less -excurrent into a mucro, margins plane; caps. oblong-cylindrical, -striate, ribbed when dry; perist. persistent; calyp. slightly toothed at -base, and roughish at apex. - -Mountains in Scotland and Ireland. VII. VIII. - - - _b._ Dioicous: perist. double. - -189. E. STREPTOCARPA. Hedw. St. 1–2in. radiculose; l. sub-erect, -ligulate, obtuse and cucullate at apex, nerve not excurrent; per. l. -lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base; caps. oblong narrowed above, -spirally striate, and twisted when dry; perist. outer teeth filiform, -inner cilia; calyp. toothed or fringed at base, and roughened at apex. - -Limestone and mortared walls; rare in fr. VIII. - - - 30. HEDWIGIA. Ehr. - -190. H. CILIATA. Hedw. Monoicous; dichotomously branched, rooting at -base only; l. crowded, spreading, sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate, -concave, margin recurved below, apex diaphanous, prolonged to a blunt -point and strongly toothed on each side; per. l. with apex laciniate; -caps. immersed globose; lid convex with a short beak; calyp. conical, -sometimes hairy. - -Rocks in mountainous districts. N. Wales, Arthur’s Seat, &c. III. - - -Bry. Brit, gives as varieties— - - β. _leucophæa._ l. more crowded and spreading, wider and with - longer diaphanous points. - - γ. _secunda._ procumbent slender; l. more distant, secund, - sub-muticous. - - δ. _viridis._ l. scarcely secund; spreading, deep green, scarcely - diaphanous at apex. - - ε. _striata._ l. plicate much recurved; lid conical. - - - 31. HEDWIGIDIUM. B. & S. - -191. H. IMBERBE. B. & S. St. 1–3in. irregularly, not dichotomously -branched, flagelliferous; l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, imbricate when -dry, margin recurved, apex not diaphanous, but slightly crenate; caps. -exserted on a short seta, spherical or obovate; lid with a blunt -slightly oblique beak; calyptra cucullate, reddish. - -Rocks. Wales and Ireland. X. XI. - - - 32. GRIMMIA. EHR. B. & S. - - - SECT. I. SCHISTIDIUM. Caps. smooth, immersed on a very short straight - seta, calyptra small, cleft at base into several lobes. - -192. G. CONFERTUM. B. & S. Cæspitose; intense green above, blackish -below; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering in the upper ones to a short hair -point; margins slightly recurved and thickened, nerve strong, deeply -channelled on its upper side; caps. small ovate, with a rostellate lid, -almost pellucid; per. teeth much perforated, pale or orange-red. - -Rocks, Scotland. II. III. - - β. _urceolare._ caps. urceolate; leaves with white points. - - γ. _obtusifolium._ l. all obtuse, shorter and broader. - - δ. _incana._ (_G. pruinosa._ Wils. MS.) more robust, per. l. - broader with long hair points; caps. more elongate, per. - teeth stronger, nearly entire red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. - Bot., N. S., vol. I., 195.] Trap rocks. King’s Park - (Greville); Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh (Bell); Fife (Howie). - -193. G. APOCARPUM. B. & S. Loosely cæspitose; l. spreading lanceolate -acuminate from an ovate erect base, upper ones with white points, -margins much recurved; nerve ceasing below apex; per. l. larger with a -thinner nerve; caps. elliptical, not pellucid, with an oblique beaked -lid; per. teeth dark red; calyptra divided at base. - -Rocks and walls, sometimes on trees. XI.–III. - - var. β. _gracile._ per. l. secund, others sub-secund or spreading, stem - decumbent elongated. - - γ. _rivulare._ st. fasciculate, l. ovate-lanceolate dark green - obtuse; caps. turbinate. (By streams.) - - δ. _strictum._ l. reddish brown, rigid. - - -194. G. MARITIMUM. B. & S. Cæspitose, dull green or brownish; l. rigid, -not hair-pointed, straight lanceolate acuminate, keeled; nerve strong, -reddish brown, excurrent, margin plane; caps. obovate with a rostellate -lid; per. teeth large and perforate. - -Rocks near the sea. Scotland. XI. XII. - - - SECT. II. GASTERO-GRIMMIA. Plants very short pulvinate; caps. slightly - emerging, ventricose on one side, on a short curved seta; calyptra - five-lobed or cucullate. - -195. G. ANODON. B. & S. In small hoary cushions; l. lower minute loosely -imbricate, ovate-lanceolate muticous, upper larger, broadly -oblong-lanceolate concave, nerve excurrent into long serrated hair; -basal cells elongate pellucid, above quadrate opaque; caps. immersed, -oval gymnostomous, strongly ventricose; lid plano-convex: monoicous. - -Walls and dry limestone rocks. Arthur’s Seat (Bell). - -196. G. CRINITA. Brid. In loose flat silky tufts; l. imbricate, lowest -lanceolate, muticous, upper obovate-oblong channelled, the broad -diaphanous apex continued into a long hair, nerve not reaching apex; -basal cells elongate diaphanous, upper large rounded thickened; caps. -ovate, lightly striate, sub-cernuous, furrowed when dry; lid convex with -an obtuse point; cal. dimidiate, two-lobed: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, -Jour. Bot. N. S., vol. I., 195.] - -Mortar of old walls and limestone rocks. Near Hatton, Warwick, 1872 (J. -Bagnall). - - - SECT. III. EU-GRIMMIA. L. ending in a hair point; caps. plicate, -exserted on a curved seta; cal. multifid at base, or with a single cleft - at side. - -197. G. ORBICULARIS. B. & S. Densely pulvinate; l. oblong-lanceolate, -rounded obtuse at apex, with nerve excurrent into a long hair point, -basal cellules large; caps. almost spherical drooping on a curved -yellowish seta, slightly striate; lid small convex; annulus narrow; per. -teeth trifid, more distantly barred than the next; calyptra dimidiate: -monoicous. - -Limestone rocks. II. III. - - -198. G. PULVINATA. Sm. Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. l. elliptic -lanceolate, margin recurved, apex rather obtuse, terminated by the nerve -excurrent into a long hair point; caps. drooping reddish brown, ovoid, -eight-furrowed; lid convex with a straight beak; calyptra lobed at base; -per. teeth dark red bi-trifid, annulus large: monoicous. - -Rocks and walls. III. IV. - - β. _obtusa._ lid short obtuse; caps. shorter. - -199. G. SCHULTZII. Brid. L. crowded, sub-secund, lanceolate, tapering -into a long rough diaphanous point, margins recurved; caps. slightly -obovate, furrowed, on a very short curved seta; annulus large; per. -teeth long tapering, deeply bifid; monoicous. - -Sub-alpine rocks. E. S. W. IV. V. - - -200. G. SUBSQUARROSA. Wils. MS. Dr. F. B. White. Bot. Soc. Edin. Trans, -IX., 142. In lax dark green tufts, fuscous at base; st. ⅓–¾in. with -dichotomous short curved branches; l. patent squarrose, erect and -appressed when dry, lowest from an ovate base gradually lanceolate, -muticous, upper longer and extended into a long denticulate hair point, -nerve strong, margin recurved; basal cells quadrate hyaline, marginal -narrow and elongate, above minute rounded quadrate. Fr. not known. [Dr. -Braithwaite, l. c., p. 196.] - -Rocks. Kinnoul Hill, Perth (Dr. B. White); Moncrieff Hill (Dr. Stirton); -Arthur’s Seat and Braid Hills, &c. - - -201. G. ROBUSTA. Fergusson MS. In large loose tufts, black below, dark -green and hoary above; br. fastigiate; l. erecto-patent, appressed when -dry, keeled at back with the strong nerve, margin recurved below; lower -short muticous, lanceolate from a contracted ovate base, upper longer, -gradually tapering into a long smooth hair point; cells quadrate -thickened, at centre of base longer, with a single row at margin of -basal wing hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 196.] - -Alpine rocks. Clova (Fergusson); Fairhead, Ireland, (Dr. Moore); -Cardross and Bowling (Dr. Stirton); Ross-shire (Hunt). - -202. G. CONTORTA. Wahl. In small deep green soft tufts, black below and -radiculose; l. patent incurved, curled when dry, lineal subulate from a -lanceolate base, with short diaphanous hair points, keeled, margin -recurved below: basal cells diaphanous elongate hexagono-rectangular, -above sinuous and quadrate; per. l. erect sheathing; caps. small oval -smooth yellowish, cernuous on a sub-arcuate seta, erect when dry, lid -convex conical obtuse orange-red: dioicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. -197; Schp. Syn. 210.] - -Quartz rocks. Cheviots (Hardy); Cloch-na-ben (Sim); Glen Callater, &c. -(Fergusson). - - -203. G. TORQUATA. Grev. (_G. torta._ N. & H. Bry. Brit.) Loosely tufted -elongate; st. 1–2in. dichotomous; l. lanceolate acuminate, spirally -twisted when dry, channelled, occasionally hair-pointed; fruct. not -known. - -Alpine rocks. E. I. S. - - -204. G. FUNALIS. Schwgn. (_G. spiralis._ H. & T. Bry. Brit.) Densely -pulvinate; st. ½–1in. slender; l. oblong or ovate-lanceolate, -erecto-patent, upper ones tapering into a long hair point, nerve not -excurrent; caps. ovoid, smooth, eight-furrowed when dry; lid short -apiculate; annulus large compound; calyp. five-lobed at base; per. teeth -closely bifid: dioicous. - -Dry alpine rocks. E. S. I. X. XI. - - -205. G. MUHLENBECKII. Schpr. Loosely pulvinate and cæspitose; st. tall -erect or procumbent dichotomous and rooting at base; l. densely crowded, -patulous, erect when dry, elongate-lanceolate, keeled with the strong -nerve, margin plane, lower with a short, upper with a long, rough hair -point with recurved teeth; basal cells elongate, upper rounded quadrate; -caps. small oval glossy, rugulose when dry yellowish brown, lid convex -with a short beak, red. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., p. 197. Schp. Syn. p. -212.] VII. - - -206. G. TRICHOPHYLLA. Grev. Loose yellowish green tufts, ¼–1in. l. -linear-lanceolate from an erect base, flexuose, tapering into a long -diaphanous point, margin recurved at base, nerve not excurrent; caps. -ovate-oblong, furrowed when dry, lid with a long straight beak; annulus -larger; per. teeth bifid; calyp. lobed: dioicous. - -Walls. E. S. I. IV. V. - - -207. G. HARTMANNII. Schp. Loosely cæspitose, green above, black below; -st. elongate procumbent rigid, arcuate ascending, dichotomous; l. -elongate-lanceolate; upper ones secund, prolonged into a short smooth -hair point, somewhat concave, margin more or less recurved; basal cells -sinuouso-rectangular hyaline, above quadrate opaque; fruit not known. -[Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197. Sch. Syn. 214.] - -Shaded quartzose rocks. Wales and Scotland. - - -208. G. ELATIOR. B. & S. Robust, loosely cæspitose; fuscous green, hoary -at top; st. sparingly branched elongate, from decumbent naked base -ascending; l. very long curved patent, from oblong carinato-concave base -longly lanceolate, margin revolute, ending in a long smoothish hair -point; basal cells linear-rectangular, wider towards margin, above -rounded opaque; caps. ovate ten-ribbed, when dry oblong deeply furrowed; -lid conical muticous or sub-aciculate: dioicous. [Bry. Eur. III. Dr. -Braithwaite, l. c. 197.] - -Granite rocks. Clova, 1868 (Fergusson). - - -SECT. IV. GUEMBELLIA. L. not curling, generally piliferous; caps. smooth - on a straight seta; cal. multifid at base or cucullate. - -209. G. DONNIANA. Sm. Stems ¼–½in. tufted, l. erecto-patent, lanceolate -elongate narrow, tapering into a roughened hair point, margin plane; -per. l. longer; caps. erect oval-oblong, slightly exserted, pale -yellowish brown, lid obtuse conical; annulus small; per. teeth broad, -sometimes perforate: monoicous. - -Mountain rocks and walls. E. S. W. III. IV. X. - - var. β. _sudetica._ l. with longer hair points; caps. immersed; lid - conico-acuminate. - - γ. _elongata._ l. scarcely hair-pointed, caps. on a longish seta. - - -210. G. UNGERI. Juratzka. Compact irregular blackish green, hoary tufts; -st. short simple or dichotomous; l. erecto-patulous, lower smaller -muticous, upper larger lanceolate from an obovate base, ending in a long -smooth hair point, margin plane; basal cells quadrate hyaline, above -quadrate, then opaque and indistinct; caps. small oval smooth, without -annulus, exserted on an erect pale brown seta; lid conical obtuse, -calyp. cucullate: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., 198.] - -On earth in crevices of rocks at 1600 feet at Ballater (Rev. J. -Fergusson). - - -211. G. OVATA. W. & M. St. ½in. or more, branched fastigiate; l. -spreading, erect when dry, lanceolate tapering into a roughish -hair-point, nerve broad indistinct, margin recurved below; caps. ovoid -erect exserted reddish brown, annulus large, lid rostellate, with a -groove round its base; per. teeth narrow, cleft and perforate: -monoicous. - -Alpine rocks. Breadalbane and Clova; Snowdon; Charnwood Forest. X.—III. - - -212. G. LEUCOPHEA. Grey. Dark green hoary tufts; st. ½in.; l. erect, -spreading, when dry closely imbricate, upper ovate or elliptical -concave, with very long hair points and plane margins, lower ones -muticous; caps. smooth elliptical or oblong erect, exserted, with a -short conico-rostellate lid, and large dehiscent annulus: dioicous. - -Scotland, Devon. IV. - - -213. G. COMMUTATA. Hueb. Loosely tufted, blackish green, hoary at top; -stems slender flexuose, naked below; l. lower small loosely imbricate, -upper much longer ovate-lanceolate, from a broad upright base declining, -shortly hair-pointed; per. l. three internal erect sheathing, longly -pointed; basal cells rectangular, upper quadrate; caps. ovate or -ovate-globose erect, smooth, exserted, lid acutely and obliquely -rostrate, annulus broad. [Schp. Syn. p. 109. Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. -198.] - -Dry quartzose rocks. Moncreiff Hill, Perth (Dr. Stirton); Dunkeld (Dr. -B. White); Clova, in fr. (Fergusson.) - - Spring. - - -214. G. MONTANA. B. & S. St. slender dichotomous; l. erecto-patent -oblong-lanceolate with a long hair-point, very concave, margin erect; -basal cells diaphanous quadrato-hexagonal, above minute rounded -thickened opaque; caps. erect on a short seta, ovate small brown very -smooth; lid, obliquely rostrate; calyptra large cucullate long beaked, -annulus simple; per. teeth irregularly torn. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. -199.] - -Sandstone and granite rocks. Deeside, Aberdeenshire, 1869 (Prof. Barker -and Mr. Roy); Bolt Head, Devonshire, in fruit (Mr. Holmes). - - -215. G. ELONGATA. Kaulfuss. In loose cushioned tufts, black below, -innovations olive green with hoary tips. St. slender, repeatedly -dichotomous, naked below without radicles. L. patulous, lower lanceolate -muticous, upper elongate-lanceolate obtuse with the apex diaphanous, -margin erect, basal cells rectangular hyaline at margin, becoming minute -and quadrate above; caps. ovate erect smooth pale brown, on a straight -seta; lid conical obtuse, annulus narrow; per. t. lanceolate red entire -or slightly perforate; calyp. multifid, long beaked. (Dr. Braithwaite, -l. c. 199.) - -Alpine rocks. Glen Callater and Glen Phee, Clova, 1868 (Fergusson); near -Glasgow (Dr. Stirton). - - -216. G. UNICOLOR. Grev. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose, naked below; -branches brittle flexuose; l. erect channelled lanceolate-subulate from -an ovate base, obtuse, not hair-pointed, rigid, margin incurved, broadly -nerved to apex; caps. ovate, nearly erect, with a large annulus and a -long straight or slightly inclined beak: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks, Clova. IV. (?) - - -217. G. ATRATA. Miel. St. cæspitose, 1–2in., l. blackish, rigid, -erecto-patent lanceolate-subulate, carinate, margin reflexed, scarcely -so obtuse as the last, with a thinner nerve scarcely reaching to apex. -Caps. elliptic-oblong on a longer seta, with a large annulus and short -rostellate lid: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks. Snowdon, Glen Callater. X.–IV. - - - 33. RACOMITRIUM. B. & S. - - - A. Dichotomously branched, innovations simple fastigiate. - -218. R. (DRYPTODON) PATENS. Bridel. Bry. Univ., I., 192. (_Grimmia -patens._ Bry. Brit., p. 158.) In dark green or fuscous tufts; st. 2–4in. -branched, decumbent and naked below; l. spreading or slightly secund, -oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a blunt apex, margin recurved -below, nerve strong two-winged at back; per. l. shorter; caps. almost -obovate smooth, furrowed when dry, on a pale flexuose seta; annulus -large; cal. five-lobed: dioicous. - -Moist alpine rocks. S. I. W. IV. V. - - -219. R. ELLIPTICUM. B. & S. Blackish rigid tufts; st. 1in. decumbent and -naked below; l. spreading from an erect base lanceolate oblong, strongly -nerved to apex, margins plane thickened; caps. erect roundish smooth, on -a short thick seta; lid large conical with a long slender subulate beak: -dioicous. - -Moist alpine rocks. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. XI.—IV. - - -220. R. ACICULARE. Brid. St. 1–3in. cæspitose, decumbent and naked at -base, branches very leafy; l. spreading or secund, ovate-oblong or -broadly lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes toothed at apex, to which the -nerve does not reach; caps. erect oblong smooth, with a small mouth, and -on a longer and thinner seta, lid with a long straight subulate beak: -dioicous. - -Wet mountainous rocks by streams. XI.—IV. - - var. β. _denticulatum._ l. distinctly and distantly toothed at apex. - -221. R. PROTENSUM. A. Braun. St. less rigid than last, and leafy at -base; l. generally secund lanceolate-subulate obtuse, nerved to apex; -per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cylindrical thinner, on a pale seta; lid -with a long subulate beak; calyp. lobed at base; dioicous. - -Moist alpine rocks. Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire. IV. - - -222. R. SUDETICUM. B. & S. St. slender, decumbent and naked at base, l. -spreading recurved keeled lanceolate tapering into a long whitish -diaphanous denticulate point; caps. small ovoid on a short seta, lid -with a shorter acute beak. IV. - - - B. Branches irregular, with lateral ramuli; innov. not fastigiate. - - - * L. without diaphanous points. - -223. R. FASCICULARE. Brid. St. 1–2in., decumbent at base, with upright -innovations, fasciculate; l. crowded, from a broadish erect base -lanceolate spreading, muticous, margins recurved, areolæ long narrow -sinuous; caps. elliptical with a long subulate lid; calyp. copiously -papillose. - -Rocks. III. - - - * * L. with diaphanous points. - -224. R. HETEROSTICHUM. Brid. St. ½–1in., base decumbent, branches -scarcely fasciculate; l. sometimes secund, lanceolate tapering to a long -white denticulate point, margin recurved, areolæ long and sinuous below, -above sub-quadrate; caps. sub-cylindrical, mouth very small; calyp. -somewhat papillose at apex only; lid short obliquely rostrate. - -Rocks and walls. E. W. I. III. - - var. β. _alopecurum._ l. with short hair points; caps. smaller. - - γ. _gracilescens._ l. obtuse, caps. small, on a short seta. - - -225. R. MICROCARPON. Brid. St. slender fasciculate with short branches; -l. spreading falcato-secund, lanceolate tapering to a short point, -areolæ all long and sinuous; caps. small ovate, thin and pale, with a -robust rostrate lid. - -Highlands of Scotland. - - -226. R. LANUGINOSUM. Brid. St. very long and slender, fasciculate; l. -lanceolate tapering into a long strongly dentate point, sometimes secund -or spreading from an erect base; areolæ sinuous; caps. small ovoid, on a -short roughish seta, and with a long straight rostrate lid; calyp. -papillose above. - -Mountains, walls, rocks, and heaths. III. - - -227. R. CANESCENS. Brid. St. 2–4in. decumbent at base; l. -ovate-lanceolate tapering into a long denticulate point, recurved from -an erect base, areolæ sinuous; caps. ovoid eight-striate when dry, with -a very long subulate lid; calyp. papillose above. - -Stony and sandy heaths. III. - - var. β. _prolixum._ older innovations only with fasciculate ramuli. - - γ. _ericoides._ covered with fasciculate ramuli; l. squarrose. - - - 34. GLYPHOMITRIUM. SCHWG. - -228. G. DAVIESII. Schwg. St. ½in. cæspitose; l. linear-lanceolate -spreading entire, margin thickened and reflexed below, strongly nerved -to apex, areolæ minute, larger at base; caps. erect, almost globose, -with a reddish mouth and long rostrate lid; per. teeth converging when -moist, reflexed when dry; calyp. large, laciniate at base. - -Clefts of rocks. VI. VII. - -Giant’s Causeway; Llanberis; Glenarbuck, May, 1863 (W. Galt and -McCartney); New Kilpatrick, Killin (McKinlay); Ardtun Mull (Dr. Black); -Skye (Hunt); Blairlogie; Craigallion; Campsie Hills (Thompson and Galt). - - - 35. PTYCHOMITRIUM. B. & S. - -229. P. POLYPHYLLUM. B. & S. St. ½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate from -a broadish base, spreading, nerved to the dentate acute apex; caps. -elliptical on a long twisted seta; calyp. plicate; lid long subulate. - -Mountainous rocks and walls. III. IV. - - - 36. ORTHOTRICHUM. B. & S. - - - A. Caps. on a very short seta, immersed or shortly exserted; ochrea - distinct, calyptra with about ten furrows. - - - 1. Caps. with 16 furrows. - -230. O. CUPULATUM. Hoffm. St. under 1in.; l. spreading lanceolate -keeled, lower brownish, nerve distinct; caps. obovate, urceolate when -dry, with a shortly beaked lid; calyp. hairy; perist. simple, of 16 free -equidistant teeth, spreading when dry. - -Rocks and walls. IV. V. - - - 2. Caps. with eight furrows. - -231. O. STURMII. Hop. & Hornsch. In loose cushions; st. short and erect, -or longer and prostrate; l. patent and recurved when moist, incumbent -when dry; margin subrevolute, acutely costato-carinate; caps. generally -immersed, obovate, with eight obsolete striæ, when dry eight-ribbed and -constricted below the mouth; calyp. more or less hairy, shining; per. -teeth simple 16 equidistant, erect when dry, slightly incurved. [Bry. -Eur. III., t. 109.] - -Trap rocks. S. I. (Dr. Wood.) Summer. - - -232. O. SHAWII. Sch. Resembles the last, but differs by its leaves being -less solid and of looser texture at base; cells in one row always (not -in two); by the fewer hairs on its shorter glossy white calyptra; and by -its per. teeth densely papillose white and reflexed when dry. [Supp. -Bry. Eur., fasc, I. II.] - -On an ash tree at Kilkerran Castle, Argyleshire, 1860 (J. Shaw). VI. - - -233. O. OBTUSIFOLIUM. Schrad. In loose yellowish green tufts, brownish -below; l. patulous oblong from an ovate base, apex obtuse hyaline and -minutely serrulate, concave, margin incurved, papillose at back, per. l. -broader and less obtuse: caps. oval immersed with eight orange striæ; -cal. long naked whitish, with a brown tip; lid convex acuminate; per. -teeth eight bi-geminate reflexed when dry, alternating with eight cilia: -dioicous. (Bry. Eur. III., t. 208.) - -On trunks of trees. York, Bristol. V. - - -234. O. PUMILUM. Swartz. (_O. fallax_, Br. Wils. B. & S. but not Schp. -Syn.) Minute pulvinate; l. lanceolate acute, carinate, margin revolute; -per. l. longer erect; caps. oblong, with eight orange striæ, neck -gradually tapering into the seta; cal. long shining brown at apex; per. -teeth eight bi-geminate yellow, densely papillose, reflexed when dry. - -Ash trees at Inverkip and Dailly, Ayrshire. - -235. O. FALLAX. Schp. Syn. 264, _non_ Bruch. (_O. pumilum_, Dicks, Bry. -Brit. B. & S., Müller, &c.) Differs from the above in having a more -oblong thicker capsule, with deeper yellow striæ, with its neck shorter -abrupt, not gradually narrowed, and with a shorter more inflated -calyptra; l. elliptic-lanceolate and obtuse. - -On trees, not common. E. I. - - -236. O. TENELLUM. Bruch. St. ½in. tufted; l. spreading, -lanceolate-oblong or ligulate, obtuse; caps. yellow-brown, exserted, -sub-cylindrical, not contracted at mouth when dry, broadly and -distinctly striate; calyp. with a few short hairs, conico-campanulate, -yellow; perist. yellow, eight teeth and eight cilia. - -Trees, E. I. W. V. VI. - - -237. O. PALLENS. Bruch. St. erect short tufted; l. spreading, lanceolate -or ligulate obtuse, margins revolute; caps. elliptic-oblong with a large -apophysis, scarcely exserted, slightly contracted at mouth when dry; -striæ broad; calyp. large pale yellow hairless. Perist. of eight yellow -teeth and 16 cilia. - -Trees. York. VI. - - -238. O. STRAMINEUM. Horns. St. short tufted; l. spreading, narrowly -lanceolate acuminate, keeled, margin reflexed; caps. ovate-pyriform -slightly exserted, striæ broad; calyp. large campanulate purple-tipped, -slightly hairy; perist. 8 teeth, and 16 (sometimes only eight) cilia; -vaginula hairy. - -Trees and rocks. E. S. W. VI. VII. - - -239. O. FASTIGIATUM. Bruch. St. longer, tufted with fastigiate branches; -l. broader lanceolate, gradually tapering to a point, sub-erect; caps. -almost pyriform, scarcely exserted, with broad striæ; calyp. brownish -yellow hairy; per. teeth eight, and 16 broad short cilia. - -Solitary trees, Yorkshire and Sussex. V. VI. - - -240. O. AFFINE. Schrad. St. ½–1in. tufted branched; l. spreading, -oblong-lanceolate, with a blunt point, margin revolute and slightly -undulate, strongly papillose on both sides; caps. elliptic-oblong, -somewhat exserted, contracted when dry, striæ narrow. Perist. eight pale -teeth and eight filiform cilia; calyp. large greenish yellow hairy. - -Trees, walls, &c., common. VI. VII. - - -241. O. RUPESTRE. Schl. St. 1in. or more, cæspitose, creeping at base; -l. broadly lanceolate, spreading, slightly recurved; caps. pyriform, -mouth large, scarcely exserted, striæ indistinct; calyp. large yellow, -with long hairs; perist. 16 pale teeth in pairs (equidistant when dry), -and eight cilia. - -Mountainous rocks. VII. VIII. - - var. β. _rupincola._ “l. sub-erect, caps. smaller.” - - γ. “stem longer; caps. exserted, calyp. very hairy.” - - -242. O. SPECIOSUM. Nees. St. 1in. or more, tufted, branched; l. -spreading, lanceolate, somewhat pointed, papillose, margins recurved; -caps. shortly exserted elliptic-oblong, faintly striate at summit, lid -conical beaked; calyp. large yellowish, with long hairs; perist. eight -yellowish teeth, and eight cilia. - -Trees, rare. Montrose and Corrie Mulzie. VII. VIII. - - -243. O. LYELLII. Hook. St. 2in. or more, loosely tufted, with erect -branches; l. much spreading long linear-lanceolate, wavy, scarcely -serrate at apex, and studded with papillæ and brownish gland-like -bodies; caps. elliptic-oblong, with a distinct tapering apophysis, and -faint striæ; calyp. very large, brown tipped, with a few long whitish -hairs. Perist. 16 pale teeth, and 16 red-toothed cilia. - -Old tree trunks, rare in fr. VII. - - -244. O. RIVULARE. Turn. St. long tufted, often floating; l. oblong-ovate -flaccid, sometimes sub-secund, obtuse, with a strong nerve and small -papillæ; margin recurved below: caps. pyriform, broadly striate, almost -immersed; perist. eight teeth in pairs, afterwards nearly equidistant, -and 16 cilia; calyp. large dull green hairless. - -Rocks and tree trunks at edges of streams. E. W. I. IV. V. - - -245. O. SPRUCEI. Mont. St. ¼in. tufted; l. oblong-ovate or ligulate, -apex rounded and tipped with an apiculus, scarcely reflexed, thinly -nerved, not papillose; caps. pyriform, scarcely exserted, contracted at -mouth when dry, striæ broad; lid with a short beak; calyp. reddish -tipped, large, hairless; perist. 16 teeth, in pairs, yellowish, and -eight, sometimes 16, cilia. - -Trees near rivers. York, Matlock, Glasgow. V. VI. - - -246. O. DIAPHANUM. Schrad. St. scarcely ½in. tufted; l. spreading, -ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender diaphanous serrulate point, -margin recurved; caps. somewhat pyriform, almost immersed, faintly -striate; calyp. generally naked; perist. 16 equidistant teeth, sometimes -split at apex, and 16 cilia. - -Walls, trees, and palings. IV. - - - 3. Caps. without furrows. - -247. O. LEIOCARPUM. B. & S. St. 1–3in. tufted, branched; l. spreading, -lanceolate, pointed, margin strongly revolute; caps. large pale brown, -obovate, perfectly smooth and not contracted at mouth when dry, scarcely -exserted; calyp. hairy, sometimes naked; perist. 16 teeth and 16 erose -cilia. - -Trees. IV. V. - - [N.B.—Notwithstanding the note in Lin. Soc. Jour., vol. XI. p. 465, I - retain the name _leiocarpum_ instead of _striatum_, as _all_ the - species in this section have a _striate_ calyptra.] - - - B. Caps. on a long seta, much exserted. - - - 1. Calyp. naked. - -248. O. PULCHELLUM. Sm. St. ¼in. tufted; l. spreading, soft, crisped -when dry, linear-lanceolate bluntish, margin recurved; caps. pale, oval, -with eight reddish striæ; perist. 16 reddish teeth in pairs, and 16 -cilia; calyp. pale, without hairs, purplish at tip. - -Trunks of trees. V. - - - 2. Calyp. very hairy, furrowed; ochrea indistinct; l. dilated at base, - and crisped when dry. - -249. O. SAXATILE. Brid. (_O. anomalum_, Bry. Brit., p. 177.) St. erect -sparingly branched; l. narrow lanceolate sharply acuminate, nerve thick, -areolæ narrow at base; caps. narrow sub-cylindrical, much exserted, with -eight long striæ prominent when dry, and then with eight shorter -alternating spurious ones just below the mouth; per. teeth in pairs; -calyp. hairy. [Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. I. II.] - -Limestone walls and rocks. Spring. - -250. O. ANOMALUM. Hedw. Sp. Musc, (_non_ Bry. Brit.) St. erect simple, -slightly branched; l. lower patulous remote, upper erecto-patent, -lanceolate from an ovate base, margin revolute; caps. ovate-oblong, -16–striate; calyp. brownish hairy; per. t. pale equidistant erect when -dry. [Bry. Eur., III., t. 210. Schp. Syn. 262.] - -_Trap_ rocks, Aberdour, Fifeshire (Dr. Wood); Conway. - - Summer. - - -251. O. LUDWIGII. Schw. St. ½in. creeping; l. subpatent or spreading, -narrowly linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when dry, -margin slightly undulate; caps. obovate, striate only at summit, much -contracted at mouth when dry; perist. 16 teeth in pairs, afterwards -equidistant, occasionally with short cilia. - -Trees. Scotland, Ireland. VIII. IX. - - -252. O. CRISPULUM. Hornsch. St. very minute tufted; l. small, -linear-lanceolate, scarcely crisped when dry; caps. pyriform, small, -thin, with eight inconspicuous striæ. - -Trees, not common. Yorkshire, Sussex, English lakes. V. VI. - - -253. O. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. about 1in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate from -an ovate base, slightly waved at margin, very much contorted when dry; -caps. clavate, contracted at mouth when dry; apophysis gradually -tapering into the thick seta; eight broad striæ; perist. eight teeth, -and eight, sometimes 16, cilia. - -Trees. VII. VIII. - - -254. O. CALVESCENS. Wils. Differs from _Bruchii_ by its shorter leaves -more narrowly reticulated; calyp. scarcely hairy; caps. with a long -tapering neck, lid more convex and shortly beaked; from _crispum_ by its -longer seta and shorter caps. not contracted at mouth when dry, and by -its smooth glossy calyptra. - -Trees. VI. - -Killarney (Dr. Moore and Dr. Carrington); Dailly and Loch Doon (J. -Shaw). - - -255. O. BRUCHII. Brid. St. short tufted; l. spreading sharply -linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when dry, sometimes -wavy; caps. pyriform on a long seta, with eight broad striæ, and -contracted at mouth when dry; calyp. blackish yellow, with many furrows -and very hairy; perist. of 16 teeth in pairs, and eight, very seldom 16, -cilia. - -Trees. Scotland, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, &c. VII. VIII. - - -256. O. DRUMMONDII. H. & G. St. longer, creeping, l. linear-lanceolate -from a narrow ovate base, blunt-pointed, scarcely crisped, margin hardly -recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, deeply striate, and contracted at mouth -when dry, on a long seta; calyp. with long stiff hairs; perist. of 16 -teeth in pairs, and no cilia. - -Trunks of young trees. S. I. E. VIII. - - -257. O. HUTCHINSIÆ. Sm. St. about ½in. tufted; l. erecto-patent broadly -lanceolate, nerved to blunt apex, margin scarcely reflexed; caps. -clavate-pyriform, with eight broad striæ, slightly contracted at mouth -when dry; apophysis tapering; calyp. large, very hairy. Perist. 16 teeth -in pairs, and eight short cilia, sometimes wanting. - -Mountainous rocks. W. I. S. E. VII. - - -258. O. PHYLLANTHUM. B. & S. St. 1in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate -without a broad base, nerve extending to apex or exserted, where it is -generally covered with gemmæ, crisped when dry; fruit not known. - -Rocks and trees, generally near the sea. - - - 37. ZYGODON. HOOK. & T. - - - A. Peristome absent. - - - 1. Caps. on a short seta. - -259. Z. LAPPONICUS. B. & S. St. ½in. cæspitose radiculose; l. spreading, -linear-lanceolate keeled, contorted when dry, nerve ceasing near apex; -per. l. ovate-lanceolate; caps. scarcely exserted turbinate, deeply -eight-striate, urceolate when dry; lid with a short oblique beak: -monoicous. - -Crevices of alpine rocks. S. W. Summer. - - -260. Z. MOUGEOTTII. B. & S. St. more than 1 inch cæspitose, scarcely -radiculose; l. fasciculate recurved, narrowly linear-lanceolate, margin -reflexed below, nerved to apex, not contorted when dry; caps. turbinate -urceolate when dry, eight-striate; lid with a long very oblique beak: -dioicous. - -Moist shady rocks. Summer. - - - 2. Caps. on a longer seta. - -261. Z. VIRIDISSIMUS. Brid. St. ½–1in., fastigiate, radiculose below; l. -much spreading recurved, widely lanceolate, somewhat contorted when dry, -nerve sometimes slightly excurrent; caps. obovate obscurely -eight-striate; lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous. - -Trees and rocks. III. IV. - - - B. Peristome present. - - - 1. Inner perist. fugacious. - -262. Z. CONOIDEUS. Dicks. St. very short, cæspitose, fastigiate, densely -radiculose; l. somewhat spreading, not recurved, widely lanceolate, with -plane margins, and nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, tapering -below, eight-striate, lid with a long straight beak; perist., outer -eight short recurved teeth, inner eight yellowish cilia, often absent: -dioicous. - -Trees. S. I. E. V. - - - 2. Inner perist. persistent. - -263. Z. FORSTERI. Dicks. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted, with whitish -radicles; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate, nerved to apex or -slightly excurrent; areolæ hexagonal (not as in all the previous ones, -dot-like), oblong and diaphanous at base; caps. pyriform, striate; lid -with a long inclined beak; perist., outer eight acute bi-geminate teeth, -inner eight alternating cilia: monoicous. - -Trees. South of England, rare. Spring. - - -264. Z. GRACILIS. Wils. MS. St. 1in. or more, tufted, branched; l. -lanceolate twisted when dry, with plane margins, and denticulate near -the apex; areolæ close and punctate above, large and pellucid below. - -Old walls. Malham (J. Nowell) in fr., Sept., 1866. - - [I have no specimen in fruit.] - - - 38. TETRAPHIS. HEDW. - -265. T. PELLUCIDA. Hed. St. ½–1in.; l. lower, ovate-acuminate, nerved, -reddish, upper larger ovate-lanceolate entire, nerve ceasing below apex, -margins plane; stems bearing gemmiferous cups, l. of which are -obcordate; caps. (fruit not found in England) elliptical, with a red -border at mouth, on a long reddish seta. - -Decaying stumps and roots of trees, common. VIII. IX. - - - 39. TETRODONTIUM. SCHW. - -266. T. BROWNIANUM. Schwg. St. almost none, with long linear radical -leaves or ramuli; per. l. ovate-acuminate, entire, shortly and faintly -nerved; caps. oval-oblong, lid with an acute oblique beak. - -Sandstone rocks. III. IV. (Wilson says VII.) - - - 40. BUXBAUMIA. HALLER. - -267. B. APHYLLA. Hall. “Stem almost none, buried; l. lower roundish, -deeply toothed, upper fringed with long ciliary processes; caps. -plano-convex, roundish ovate, reddish; outer perist. irregularly -sub-divided, thick and cellular.” [Wilson.] - -Scotland, Yorkshire, &c.; rare. V. - - -268. B. INDUSIATA. Brid. “Resembling the last, but caps. more erect, not -flattened on the upper surface, of uniform texture and yellowish green -colour, covered with a soft membrane, which ruptures on the upper -surface, the margins rolling back, somewhat like the indusium of a fern; -annulus narrow.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 226.] - -On the ground and rotten trunks, chiefly in pine woods. - -Near Ballater, 1847 (Cruikshank); Craigendinnie Hill, Aboyne, 1867 -(Dickie and Roy). - - - 41. DIPHYSCIUM. W. & M. - -269. D. FOLIOSUM. W. & M. St. almost none; l. long narrow linear, -flexuose, with an obscure nerve, margin plane, sometimes toothed near -apex; per. l. with a pale thin blade, nerve excurrent into a long rough -bristle, and the innermost divided at apex into long jointed cilia; -caps. immersed, ovate, oblique, gibbous; lid conical pointed; per. teeth -white. - -Shady mountainous rocks. VIII. - - - 42. ATRICHUM. P. BEAUV. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -270. A. UNDULATUM. P. Beauv. St. 1–2in. l. ligulate, margin undulate, -thickened, with bi cuspid spinulose teeth, which also occur on back near -apex, where lamellate nerve ceases; caps. cylindrical curved; lid with a -long curved beak. - -Grassy places, common. X. XI. - - var. β. _attenuatum._ l. narrow, more crisped when dry; caps. smaller. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -271. A. ANGUSTATUM. Brid. St. shorter, l. narrower, densely reticulate, -serrate at apex _only_, less hispid beneath, with numerous lamellæ on -nerve; caps. sub-erect cylindrical straight or curved, lid dark purple, -shortly rostrate. [Schp. Syn. p. 434.] - -Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c. Winter. - -Braes of Doune, fr. (McKinlay); Sussex—male (Mitten). - -272. A. TENELLUM. Roth. St. short; l. elongate, oblong-lanceolate, upper -ones narrowly lingulate, scarcely undulate, smooth beneath, margins -dentate below the middle, subcirrhate when dry, nerve thinly lamellate; -caps. obovate-oblong, sub-cernuous, lid with a long beak; per. teeth -large. [Bry. Eur. IV., 412. Syn. 435.] - -Bare moist sandy places, and dried-up pools. Autumn. - -Loch Goil Head; Killin, Perthshire. - - -273. A. CRISPUM. James. (_laxifolium_, Wils. MS.) St. simple, slender; -l. lower small somewhat spathulate; upper much larger oblong-lanceolate, -slightly undulate, border thickened, toothed; nerve reaching apex, -scarcely lamellate; areolæ larger, hexagonal or rounded; caps. -obovate-oblong, sub-erect or inclined, wide-mouthed, teeth very short -irregular, seta red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 225.] - -Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Yorkshire; Dartmoor. Male -plant only found in Britain. - - - 43. OLIGOTRICHUM. DE C. - -274. O. HERCYNICUM. De C. St. ½–1in; l. rigid erecto-patent, lanceolate, -sheathing, margins indexed, lamellæ of nerve undulate, and spinulose at -back; caps. erect cylindrical, plicate and oblique when dry; lid conical -pointed. - -Alpine and sub-alpine barren soil. VI. VII. - -Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell). - - - 44. POGONATUM. P. Beauv. - -275. P. NANUM. Brid. St. short, not branched at apex; l. rigid -spreading, lanceolate obtuse, sheathing, serrulate above; caps. almost -globose, erect or inclined, lid with a curved or oblique beak; columella -not winged. - -Moist shady sandy banks. X. XI. - - var. β. _longisetum._ l. long, linear-lanceolate, seta very long; caps. - oval-oblong. - -276. P. ALOIDES. Brid. St. less than 1–in., branched at apex; l. rigid -spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on margin and back; caps. -erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or cylindrical; lid conical beaked; -columella with four wings; hairs of calyp. whitish. - -Moist banks. X. XI. - - var. β. _minus._ smaller generally; “hairs of calyp. confluent below - capsule.” - - -277. P. URNIGERUM. Brid. St. 1–4in. branched above, reddish below; l. -spreading linear-lanceolate from a short broader sheathing base, acute -serrate; caps. narrowly cylindrical regular papillose, lid convex with a -short beak. - -Mountainous banks and sides of streams. X. XI. - - var. β. _crassum._ l. broader, caps, oval-oblong, lid with a longer - beak. - - -278. P. ALPINUM. Brid. St. much longer, branched above, decumbent below; -l. linear-lanceolate from a sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate, -back spinulose, margin inflexed; caps. generally inclined, ovoid, tumid, -smooth, lid small, with a long curved beak. - -Sub-alpine localities. E. S. I. VI. - - var. β. _arcticum._ caps. oblong sub-cylindrical. - - δ. _campanulatum._ st. short, l. narrower and shorter; caps. - apophysate; calyp. campanulate. - - - 45. POLYTRICHUM. BRID. - - - A. Caps. six-angled; apophysis indistinct. - -279. P. SEXANGULARE. Hoppe. Barren st. 2–6in., fertile shorter; l. short -incurved rigid, linear-lanceolate from a broader base, margins plane, -incurved, almost cucullate at serrulate apex; caps. short, at first -upright, afterwards cernuous, sometimes six, sometimes only four or -five-angled; lid rostrate; calyp. short, and shortly villous. - -Summits of Scotch mountains. VIII. IX. - -Ben Lawers; Cairngorm, &c. - - -280. P. GRACILE. Menzies. St. about ½in. densely tufted; l. lanceolate -from a broad sheathing base, serrate, with prominent lamellæ on upper -surface; caps. ovate, obscurely four, five, six-angled; lid -conico-rostrate; calyp. small. - -Turbaries, &c., frequent. VI. - - -281. P. FORMOSUM. Hedw. St. 3–6in. loosely tufted; l. spreading -linear-lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, acute, serrate, -lamellate; caps. four, five, six-angled, fawn-coloured; lid long -conical; calyp. large. - -Woods. VI. - - var. β. _pallidisetum._ st. and l. shorter; caps. narrower, on a short - pale seta. - - - B. Caps. four-angled; apoph. very distinct. - -282. P. COMMUNE. L. St. 6 or 8in. simple; l. spreading reflexed, -linear-lanceolate, sheathing, whitish and membranous at base, serrate on -margin and back; nerve broad; per. l. with long wavy hair points; caps. -short, upright, afterwards cernuous, on a very long seta; lid variable -in size; calyp. large reddish. - -Tufty and marshy places. VI. - - var. β. _perigoniale._ smaller; outer per. l. longer; dry heaths. - - γ. _minus._ st. short; l. shorter, less spreading; per. l. less - striking; calyp., caps., and seta smaller: dry heaths. - - γ. β. _fastigiatum._ st. branched fastigiate; l. as in var. γ. Very - dry heaths. - - -283. P. JUNIPERUM. Hedw. St. 1–6in.; l. reflexed, spreading, -linear-lanceolate, almost bristle-pointed, margin entire, except a few -teeth at apex, much inflexed from middle upwards, somewhat spinulose at -back; caps. roughish, horizontal when dry, on a seta 2in. or more long; -calyp. large. - -Heaths. V. VI. - - -284. P. STRICTUM. Menzies. (_P. juniperum._ β. _strictum_, Bry. Brit.) -“St. more slender, densely matted, branched, closely interwoven with -whitish tomentum; l. straight, erecto-patent, imbricate when dry, -shorter and narrower, pale glaucous green; caps. shorter cuboid, acutely -angled, rufous orange; calyp. brownish or white.” [Dr. Braithwaite, -Jour. of Bot., VIII., 225.] - -Mountain moors, common. - - -285. P. PILIFERUM. Schreb. St. about 1in. simple; l. lower short -appressed, upper much longer, lanceolate, prolonged into roughish hair -points, margins entire inflexed; caps. faintly angular, almost ovate, on -a short seta; calyp. long, reddish. - -Dry heaths. V. VI. - - - 46. TIMMIA. HEDW. - -286. T. AUSTRIACA. Hedw. St. 2–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate from a reddish -brown sheathing dilated base, margins strongly serrate; caps. ovate -pyriform, inclined, striate when dry, on a seta 2in. long; lid rounded -mammillate; per. teeth inner smooth entire. - -Rocks, very rare. Forfarshire. Summer. - - -287. T. MEGAPOLITANA. Hedw. St. loosely cæspitose, brownish below; l. -from a whitish sheathing base, spreading and recurved, linear-lanceolate -concave opaque serrate, cirrhate when dry; per. l. internal -ovate-lanceolate thinner; caps. oblong horizontal, somewhat striate when -dry; lid convex, not apiculate; per. teeth internal with numerous -appendiculate cilia. [Schp. Syn., 431.] - -Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton). Summer. - - - 47. AULACOMNION. SCHW. - -288. A. PALUSTRE. Schw. St. 2–4in. branched, beset with reddish -radicles; l. oblong-lanceolate, denticulate at apex, flexuose undulate, -crisped when dry, papillose on both sides; caps. ovate-oblong, gibbous, -cernuous, curved; lid conical, with a blunt beak; barren fl. discoid: -dioicous. - -Turfy bogs and marshes. V. VI. - - var. β. _imbricatum._ “l. broader imbricate, entire, not twisted when - dry.” - - γ. _fasciculare._ st. with many short innovations and fasciculate - leaves; ramuli flagelliform from axils of fl. leaves. - - δ. _polycephalum._ “st. decumbent branched; pseudopodia elongated - numerous.” - - -289. A. ANDROGYNUM. Schw. St. less than 1in., nearly simple; l. lower -lanceolate, upper longer, all denticulate at apex, not flexuose nor -crisped when dry, papillose, margin recurved; caps. almost cylindrical, -gibbous, inclined, furrowed; lid short, conical; pseudopodia numerous; -barren fl. gemmiform. - -Dry shady woods and banks. V. VI. - - - 48. ORTHODONTIUM. SCHW. - -290. O. GRACILE. Schw. St. ½in. slender, tufted; l. long linear -setaceous, carinate, flexuose, entire, faintly nerved nearly to apex; -caps. obovate-clavate, gradually tapering at base into the seta, -inclined; lid long, beaked; calyp. very small. - -Sandstone rocks. Yorkshire and Cheshire. III. - - - 49. LEPTOBRYUM. WILS. - -291. L. PYRIFORME. Wils. St. scarcely ½in.; l. lower lanceolate entire, -upper linear-setaceous, flexuose, serrate at summit, nerve sometimes -reaching apex; caps. pyriform pendulous, on a slender flexuose seta; lid -convex mammillate. - -Rocks. Cheshire. V. VI. - - - 50. BRYUM. H. & T. - - - Synopsis specierum. - - I. L. erect narrow; not nerved to apex (except No. 1). - - A. Caps. narrow, inclined. - _a._ monoicous. - 1. acuminatum. - 2. polymorphum. - 3. elongatum. - _b._ synoicous or dioicous. - 4. crudum. - - B. Caps, pyriform pendulous. - _a._ monoicous or synoicous. - 5. nutans. - _b._ dioicous. - 6. annotinum. - 7. carneum. - - II. L. ovate, not nerved to apex. - - _a._ dioicous. - 8. Wahlenbergii. - 9. Ludwigii. - _b._ monoicous. - 10. Marrattii. - 11. calophyllum. - - III. L. mostly ovate, nerved to apex. - - A. synoicous or monoicous. - 12. lacustre. - 13. Warneum. - B. dioicous. - 14. pseudotriquetrum. - 15. neodamense. - 16. alpinum. - 17. Muhlenbeckii. - 18. turbinatum. - 19. latifolium. - 20. Duvalii. - 21. pallens. - 22. barbatum. - - - IV. L. ovate, nerve excurrent. - - A. monoicous. - 23. uliginosum. - 24. pallescens. - 25. Sauteri. - B. synoicous. - _a._ inner perist. imperfect. - 26. cernuum. - 27. inclinatum. - _b._ inner perist. perfect. - 28. intermedium. - 29. bimum. - 30. torquescens. - C. dioicous. - 31. obconicum. - 32. capillare. - 33. Donianum. - 34. Billarderii. - 35. cæspiticium. - 36. murale. - 37. sanguineum. - 38. atropurpureum. - 39. apiculatum. - - V. L. very concave, imbricate, nerve mostly ceasing below apex, - dioicous. - - A. caps. symmetrical. - 40. julaceum. - 41. argenteum. - 42. Funkii. - - B. mouth of caps. oblique. - 43. Zierii. - 44. demissum. - - VI. L. broad roundish bordered. - - 45. Tozeri. - - VII. L. very large, in a terminal rosaceous tuft. - - 46. roseum. - - - SECT. I. - -292. (1) B. ACUMINATUM. B. & S. St. ½–1in., simple or branched; l. -rigid, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate larger, margins -recurved, nerved to serrulate apex, sometimes secund; caps. almost -horizontal, narrowly clavate, tapering at base; lid sharply conical. -(There are many varieties.) - -Crevices of rocks and mountainous districts. VIII. - - -293. (2) B. POLYMORPHUM. B. & S. St. ¼–½in., seldom branched; l. lower -ovate-lanceolate, small, scattered, upper oblong-lanceolate longer, -crowded, apex in all serrate; caps. oblong-pyriform horizontal or -drooping, with a short neck; lid mammillate. (Many varieties.) - -Scotch and Welsh mountains. Summer. - - -294. (3) B. ELONGATUM. Dicks. St. ¼–1in., one innovation from floral -apex; l. lower ovate-lanceolate scattered, upper longer -linear-lanceolate, all serrate at apex; caps. very long and slender, -clavate, with a long distinct neck, inclined, upright when dry; lid -convex beaked; inner perist. with cilia. - -Rocks and walls in mountainous districts. VIII. - -295. (4) B. CRUDUM. Schreb. St. 1–2in. cæspitose, radiculose below; l. -lower ovate-lanceolate, with plane margins and reddish nerve, upper -gradually passing upwards into linear-lanceolate, with serrate apex; -caps. oval-pyriform, from sub-erect to horizontal or even pendulous; lid -convex apiculate; inner perist. with cilia. The leaves are generally -shining and transparent. - -Mountainous banks and rocks. VII. - - -296. (5) B. NUTANS. Schr. St. ¼–2in. with innovations; l. spreading, -with margins reflexed below, lower ovate-lanceolate entire, upper -linear-lanceolate serrulate at apex; caps. pyriform or elliptical, with -a short neck; lid small mammillate; inner perist. with cilia: synoicous. - -Sandy heaths, &c. - -(Four var. are given in Bry. Europ.) - - -297. (6) B. ANNOTINUM. Hed. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lower lanceolate -erecto-patent entire, upper longer, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed -below; caps. narrow pyriform, with a long tapering neck; lid conical -pointed; barren fl. terminal; inner perist. with cilia; annulus distinct -compound. - -Sandy banks and quarries. V. VI. - - -298. (7) B. CARNEUM. L. St. ¼in. cæspitose, reddish; l. lower -ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower, all serrate at apex, and loosely -reticulate, margin not reflexed; nerve reddish; caps. ovate-oblong or -shortly pyriform on a thick succulent reddish seta, sharply curved at -summit; lid convex, shortly pointed; annulus none; perist. large, -dark-coloured when dry. - -Moist clay banks. IV. - - - SECT. II. - -299. (8) B. WAHLENBERGII. Schw. St. ½–1in. reddish cæspitose; l. lower -ovate-acuminate, upper lanceolate, all serrate at apex, margins scarcely -reflexed, areolæ loose; caps. broadly pyriform, with a short neck, and -wide-mouthed when dry, sub-pendulous; annulus none or imperfect; per. -teeth large, inner with cilia; lid small conical. - -Wet banks and rocks. V. - - -300. (9) B. LUDWIGII. Spreng. St. about 1in. decumbent and blackish -below; l. lower ovate, passing upwards into ovate-lanceolate and -lanceolate, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. obovate -pyriform, sub-pendulous on a reddish slender seta 1in. long; lid -conical, somewhat obtuse; inner perist. with cilia. - -Scotch and Welsh mountains. IX. - - var. β. _gracilis._ Goat Fell; Ben Lawers, Ben Lomond; Snowdon. - - -301. (10) B. MARRATTII. St. about ¼in. gregarious; l. broadly -elliptical, blunt-pointed entire; per. l. narrower and longer; caps. -small turbinate almost globose, tapering at neck into the slender seta, -from which it is pendulous; lid bluntly beaked; perist. outer red, inner -imperfect, adhering to outer. - -Southport, 1854. IX. - - -302. (11) E. CALOPHYLLUM. R. Br. St. about ¼in. reddish gregarious; l. -broadly elliptical or ovate, sharply pointed, concave, entire, almost -nerved to apex; caps. oval-oblong, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid -small conical, slightly pointed; per. teeth outer brownish, inner free, -mostly without cilia. - -Southport, with the last. IX. - - - SECT. III. - -303. (12) B. LACUSTRE. Brid. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lower -ovate-apiculate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire, very concave, -margins recurved; per. l. narrower; caps. roundish pyriform, with a -tapering neck, slightly pendulous; lid small pointed; annulus present; -inner perist. partially adherent, sometimes with cilia; synoicous. - -Moist sandy places. Yarmouth; Suffolk. V. VI. - - -304. (13) B. WARNEUM. Bland. St. about ¼in. tufted; branched; l. -ovate-acuminate, scarcely concave, serrate at apex, margins recurved; -caps. obovate pyriform pendulous, bordered at mouth when dry; lid small -convex pointed; inner perist. with cilia: monoicous or synoicous. - -Muddy places. Scotland, Southport. VIII. IX. - - -305. (14) B. PSEUDOTRIQUETRUM. Schw. St. 1–3in, branched, erect; l. -lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower and longer concave, all bordered, -margins recurved, occasionally serrulate at apex, and slightly -decurrent; nerve sometimes excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical, pendulous; -lid small mammillate. - -Wet mountainous rocks. S. W. VII. - - -306. (15) B. NEODAMENSE. Itzig. Regensb. Fl. 1841, I. (p. 360.) St. -slender, cæspitose and tomentose elongate, reddish and almost naked -below, leafy above; l. lower roundish oblong obtuse, apex and margins -involute; upper crowded, shortly oblong, inflated at base, margins -revolute below, all cucullate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, on a -long seta. - -Southport Sands, where liable to inundation. - - -307. (16) B. ALPINUM. L. St. ½–2in. cæspitose simple; l. imbricate -lanceolate, margins recurved, serrulate at apex; caps. oblong-pyriform -pendulous, deep red, on a bent and arcuate seta, lid mammillate; whole -plant reddish and shining. - -Sub-alpine moist rocks, fr. rare. VI. - - -308. (17) B. MUHLENBECKII. B. & S. St. ½in. or more; tufted, branched, -radiculose; l. almost elliptical, blunt-pointed, conical, almost -cucullate at apex, margin reflexed; nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong -tapering, pendulous, reddish brown; lid convex pointed. - -Scotch mountains (Dr. C. Smith and Dr. Stirton). - - -309. (18) B. TURBINATUM. Hedw. St. ½–3in. sometimes branched; l. lower -ovate-lanceolate, upper longer and narrower, concave, margins not -recurved; nerve not always reaching apex; caps. globoso-pyriform -pendulous, when dry contracted at mouth, reddish brown; lid convex -pointed. - -Manchester; Fakenham; Norfolk. VI. VII. - - var. β. _prælongum._ st. elongate, l. pale green, caps. ventricose - larger. - - -310. (19) B. LATIFOLIUM. Schl. (_B. turbinatum_, var. γ, Bry. Brit.) St. -elongate, decumbent at base; l. imbricate, broadly oblong acuminate, -very concave, shining, serrulate at apex, margined, nerve excurrent; -caps. longer than the last, on a long seta, geniculate at base. [Schp. -Syn., 380. Bry. Eur., IV., t. 372.] - -Boggy places. VI.—VIII. - -Ben More; Shetland (McKinlay). - - -311. (20) B. DUVALII. Voigt. St. tufted, decumbent when old, elongate, -branched; l. patulous, remote, broadly ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, -cirrhate when dry, scarcely nerved to apex; per. l. inner lanceolate -erect; caps. obovate-oblong regular pendulous from a long slender seta, -contracted at mouth when dry; lid mammillate. [Bry. Eur., IV., t. 371.] - -Boggy places. VIII. IX. - -Glen Lyon, Ben Lawers, Hartfell, Helvellyn. - - -312. (21) B. PALLENS. Swartz. St. ¼–1in. branched; l. reddish, remote -patulous ovate-lanceolate, slightly decurrent, keeled, serrulate at -apex, margins thickened and recurved, nerve almost excurrent; caps. -oblong pyriform, with a long tapering neck, pendulous, mouth small, but -not contracted; lid small convex, pointed. - -Near springs and ditches. VI. - - var. β. _microstomum._ “caps, regular, sub-clavate, mouth smaller.” - - -313. (22) B. BARBATUM. Wils. MS. St. about 1in. branched, slender, red, -and copiously beset with reddish brown radicles from base to summit; l. -sub-erect, ovate, rather suddenly tapering into a longish sparsely -toothed subula, uppermost broader, more shortly pointed, spreading, all -concave, strongly nerved, margins plane, not recurved; areolæ very lax -and transparent. The only specimen I have bears no fruit. - -Ben Ledi (Dr. Stirton). - - - SECT. IV. - -314. (23) B. ULIGINOSUM. B. & S., St. ½–1in. cæspitose, branched; l. -green oval-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, margin reflexed below, -excurrent nerve toothed; caps. clavate unequal pendulous, tapering into -the long curved seta; mouth oblique; lid convex pointed. - -Wet places near streams. VIII. - - -315. (24) B. PALLESCENS. Schw. St. 1–2in. branched, cæspitose, with -purplish radicles below; l. ovate-lanceolate, margin reflexed, generally -serrate at apex; upper with nerve scarcely excurrent, lower reddish; -caps. pyriform, pendulous, tapering, contracted at mouth when dry; lid -conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia. - -Rocks and walls. VII. VIII. - - var. β. _boreale._ caps. smaller, sub-erect. - - γ. _contextum._ st. long, much branched; caps. ventricose, - shorter, sub-pendulous. - - δ. _subrotundum._ stem and l. smaller; caps. almost globose; seta - curved. - - -316. (25) B. SAUTERI. B. & S. St. cæspitose, much branched; l. -erecto-patent, ovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate, elongated, very -concave, margins plane, nerve thick excurrent into a mucro; wings at -base with hyaline cells; per. l. narrower; caps. slightly incurved, -pendulous solid sanguineous; lid shortly conical. [Müller, Syn. I., -280.] - -Teesdale (Spruce); Scotland (Mitten). - -317. (26) B. CERNUUM. Hedw. St. ½–1½in; tufted, branched, very -radiculose; l. ovate-acuminate concave, nerve much excurrent, sometimes -serrulate at apex, margins recurved; caps. oblong-oval or pyriform, -mouth small, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical; inner -perist. adherent to outer; annulus large. - -Walls and rocks. V. - - -318. (27) B. INCLINATUM. B. & S. St. short, tufted branched; l. -ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate; caps. almost elliptical or -pyriform, with a small mouth; lid conical, sharply pointed; perist. -inner generally without cilia, and free. - -Walls, banks, and decayed trees. V. - - -319. (28) B. INTERMEDIUM. Brid. St. about ½in. tufted, branched; l. -imbricate, somewhat spreading ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, point -sometimes toothed, margins recurved; caps. pyriform narrow -sub-pendulous, tapering into a longish neck; lid conical pointed; inner -perist. with cilia. - -Walls and rocks, frequent. VI.—XII. - - -320. (29) B. BIMUM. Schreb. St. ½–1in. tufted, sometimes branched, with -purplish radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate, shortly apiculate, occasionally -serrate at apex, margins recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, tapering at -neck, pendulous, constricted at mouth when dry; lid large convex -apiculate. - -Wet and boggy places. VI. VII. - - var. β. _cuspidatum._ l. with long bushy points, margined. Walls, &c. - - -321. (30) B. TORQUESCENS. B. & S. St. ¼–1in. tufted, radiculose; l. -lower ovate-lanceolate, upper ovate, all shortly pointed, entire, margin -recurved, slightly twisted when dry; caps. large obconical or clavate, -sub-pendulous, neck tapering; lid pointed. - -Rocks and walls; rare. VI. VII. - - -322. (31) B. OBCONICUM. Hornsch. St. short tufted, branched; l. -oblong-ovate pointed, concave, entire, margin recurved, not twisted when -dry; caps. obconical, pendulous; neck long tapering; lid convex -apiculate. - -Walls. Barnard Castle, 1843 (Spruce). VI. VII. - - -323. (32) B. CAPILLARE. Hed. St. ¼–1in. tufted; l. lower ovate-oblong, -upper obovate-oblong, all with longish slender points, concave, much -contorted when dry, margin bordered with smaller cellules, reflexed, -sometimes serrulate at apex; caps. sub-clavate or obovate, tapering, -pendulous, only slightly constricted at mouth when dry; lid pointed. - -Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. VI. - - var. β. _majus._ st. longer, l. broader, and with a wider margin, caps. - larger and thicker. (Wilson says this is the most frequent - English form.) On walls. - - γ. _minus._ l. concave imbricate; caps. smaller. - - δ. _flaccidum._ l. lower, purplish, flaccid, not contorted when - dry, distinctly serrate at apex. - - -324. (33) B. DONIANUM. Grev. St. shorter than last, branched; l. -ovate-oblong, slightly pointed, not contorted, but slightly twisted when -dry, margin thickened, serrulate at apex; caps. long clavate, -constricted at mouth when dry, sub-pendulous, lid pointed. - -Sandy banks and rocks, rare. Warrington (Wilson); Hurst-pier-point -(Mitten); Winchelsea (Jenner). - -325. (34) B. BILLARDERII. Schw. St. ½–1in. branched, radiculose; l. -crowded in tufts at top of branches and stems, ovate-oblong, serrate and -recurved at apex, apiculate, margins recurved below; caps. pyriform, -broadest below the middle, tapering at neck, pendulous; lid conical -pointed. - -Hurst-pier-point, on old ant-hills; barren. Summer. - - -326. (35) B. CÆSPITICIUM. L. St. ¼–1in. tufted, branched; l. -ovate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margin recurved -but not thickened, erect when dry, upper ones largest; caps. -oblong-obovate, pendulous, slightly constricted when dry; lid large -mammillate. - -Walls, rocks, roofs, &c. - - -327. (36) B. MURALE. Wils. St. ¼in. tufted, branched; l. -ovate-lanceolate, concave, shortly pointed, margins plane; loosely -imbricate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep purple or almost black -when ripe; neck tapering; lid large mammillate. - -Mortar of old walls. V. VI. - -Marple, Killarney, N. Wales, Oxford, 1863 (H. Boswell). - - -328. (37) B. SANGUINEUM. Ludwig. St. ¼in.; l. distant, ovate-lanceolate -pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margins scarcely recurved; caps. -oblong or pyriform pendulous, blood-red when ripe; lid pointed. - -Heathy ground and walls., VI. VII. - - var. β. _radiculosum._ caps. obconical, seta geniculate at base. - - -329. (38) B. ERYTHROCARPON. Brid. _non_ Schw. (_B. atropurpureum._ W. & -M.) St. ¼–½in. branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate concave, pointed, -margin reflexed, entire, lower often reddish; caps. oval or oblong, neck -not tapering, pendulous, dark red or purplish when ripe; lid conical -pointed. - -Banks and walls. V. - - -330. (39) B. APICULATUM (?) Schw. (There seems some doubt as to what the -barren form found on the Slemish mountains is; I give Wilson’s -description from Bry. Brit., p. 245.) “L. erecto-patent when dry, -elliptic-lanceolate, concave, nerved to apex.” - - - SECT. V. - -331. (40) B. JULACEUM. Sm. St. 1–3in. tufted, with long filiform -branches; l. ovate or ovate-elliptical, larger above, concave entire, -margin not recurved, not nerved to apex; caps. oblong-obovate or -pyriform, pendulous; lid small, convex, pointed. - -Alpine and sub-alpine wet rocks. VIII. IX. - - var. β. _concinnatum._ st. shorter, nerve excurrent into a recurved - point. Near Kennare (Dr. Taylor); Teesdale (Spruce); Ochills - (Lyle). - - -332. (41) B. ARGENTEUM. L. St. ¼–½in. tufted; in silvery white patches; -l. lower ovate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire except at apex, nerve -not reaching pointed tapering apex; margins not recurved; areolæ very -lax; caps. oval-oblong, reddish purple, pendulous, neck not tapering; -lid faintly pointed. - -Roofs, walls, ground, &c. X. VI. - - var. β. _majus._ st. longer, l. greenish, without points. - - γ. _lanatum._ smaller, l. with long points, without chlorophyll, - silvery white. Largo, Scotland (C. Howie). - -333. (42) B. FUNKII. Schw. Gregarious; st. branched, branches julaceous; -l. crowded at summit of branches; st. and br. leaves ovate, -cochleariform, nerve excurrent into a short point; comal leaves -ovate-oblong acuminate, shortly cuspidate: areolæ lax; caps. obovate or -globoso-pyriform, inclined on a flexuous seta. - -Walls, &c. Sandy shore, Southport (Wilson). V. VI. - - -334. (43) B. ZIERII. Dicks. Silvery reddish tufts, st. ½–1in., branches -julaceous; l. roundish ovate-acuminate, entire, margins not recurved, -not nerved to apex; areolæ lax; caps. large clavate-pyriform, gibbous, -with a long slender tapering neck, incurved cernuous; lid small, -conical, acute; inner perist. longest, with imperfect cilia. - -Crevices of mountainous rocks. E. S. I. X. XI. - - -335. (44) B. DEMISSUM. Hook. St. ¼in. tufted; l. ovate-acuminate, erect -when dry, margin recurved, nerve generally excurrent; per. l. -lanceolate, with longer points; areolæ lax; caps. clavate-pyriform, much -incurved, cernuous; seta “curved above like a swan’s neck”; inner -perist. longest. - -Rocks. Breadalbane Mts.; rare. VIII. IX. - - - SECT. VI. - -336. (45) B. TOZERI. Grev. St. ¼–½in. gregarious; l. lower obovate -narrow, upper crowded wider apiculate, all bordered, entire; nerved -(reddish) half way; caps. obovate or pyriform pendulous; lid conical. - -Shady banks, rare in fr. III. IV. - - - SECT. VII. - -337. (46) B. ROSEUM. Schreb. St. 1–3in., l. lower, small, scattered -lanceolate; upper in a large rosaceous tuft, spathulate, apiculate, -serrate above, margin recurved, nerved nearly to apex; caps. -clavate-oblong or obovate pendulous; lid mammillate. - -Sandy shady banks. XI. XII. - - - 51. MNIUM. B. & S. - - - A. L. sharply serrated. - - - _a._ Margin cartilaginous. - -338. M. AFFINE. Bland. St. 1–3in. simple, erect, radiculose; barren -shoots procumbent; l. lower oval-lanceolate, decurrent, scattered, upper -much larger, crowded, oblong-elliptic pointed, border narrow, simply -spinuloso-serrate, nerved nearly or quite to apex; those of barren stems -roundish two-ranked; caps. ovate-oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: -dioicous. - -Shady woods, banks, walls. IV. V. - - var. β. _elatum._ stem and seta longer; marshy places. - - γ. _rugicum._ sterile shoots, erect, shorter; l. shorter, concave, - obtusely serrate. - - -339. M. CUSPIDATUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. tufted, erect, radiculose, barren -shoots procumbent; l. lower ovate or obovate, scattered, upper -ovate-lanceolate longer and narrower; all acuminate, with simply serrate -margins; nerved nearly or quite to apex; caps. ovate, inclined or -pendulous; lid convex obtuse: synoicous. - -Shady rocks and walls. III. IV. - - -340. M. ROSTRATUM. Schr. St. ½–1in. decumbent at base (barren long erect -or creeping); l. lower ovate, upper oval-oblong, obtuse, in a terminal -spreading tuft, all simply and bluntly serrate, undulate, nerve slightly -excurrent into a mucro; caps. oval, inclined or pendulous; lid with a -long curved beak: synoicous. - -Moist shady rocks, &c., common. IV. - - -341. M. RIPARIUM. Mitt. M.S. St. ½–1in., reddish below; l. orbiculate or -broadly elliptical, much decurrent, apex rounded and tipped with a -mucro; lower obscurely bordered, upper strongly so and simply -spinuloso-dentate, nerve thin but distinct, reddish, reaching apex; -areolæ large hexagonal chlorophyllose. (I have no fruited specimen.) - -Watery places. Sussex (Mitten). - - -342. M. SPINOSUM. Voigt. St. robust, sub-ligneous; branches flagelliform -sub-arcuate; l. lower small squamiform, obtuse, margins plane; upper -obovate or oblong, acuminato-spathulate, larger, crisped when dry; -serration bi-geminate, spinulose, nerve excurrent; caps. oval-oblong, -reddish brown, slightly inclined or horizontal; lid conical, with an -obtuse beak: dioicous. - -Roots of trees, and shady sub-alpine rocks. Summer. - -Ben Lawers (McKinlay). - - -343. M. ORTHORHYNCHUM. Brid. St. ¼–1in. simple; l. lower scattered -ovate-acuminate, decurrent, upper ovate-lanceolate, doubly -spinuloso-serrate; all undulate and crisped when dry; caps. oval or -sub-pyriform horizontal; lid conical, with a blunt beak: dioicous. - -Woods, shady banks, &c. Yorkshire, Sussex. Spring. - - -344. M. SERRATUM. Brid. St. ½–1in. purplish, erect; l. lower reddish on -nerve and border, all varying from lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, -doubly spinuloso-serrate; per. l. lanceolate; caps. ovate or oval, -cernuous; lid large conical, with a short beak: synoicous. - -Moist shady rocks and banks. V. VI. - - -345. M. HORNUM. L. St. 1–3in. simple; l. linear-lanceolate, acuminate, -rigid, slightly decurrent, doubly spinuloso-serrate, nerve also -spinulose, not reaching apex; caps. large oblong-ovate, cernuous; lid -convex mammillate; seta curved at summit: dioicous. - -Shady moist banks and woods, common. V. - - -346. M. UNDULATUM. Hed. St. 1–3in. decumbent at base, sometimes -branched; l. oval-oblong or ligulate, upper very long, all undulate, -decurrent, and simply serrate, nerved generally to apex; caps. generally -several together, oval or oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: -dioicous. - -Moist shady banks and woods. IV. V. - - - _b._ L. without a cartilaginous border. - -347. M. STELLARE. Hed. St. ½–2in. erect; l. oval-acuminate or -ovate-lanceolate, simply serrate, decurrent, scarcely nerved to apex; -caps. solitary, ovate, horizontal or cernuous; lid convex blunt: -dioicous. (Does not fruit with us.) - -Shady rocks and banks. Yorkshire, Surrey. V. VI. - - - B. L. nearly entire, not bordered. - -348. M. CINCLIDIOIDES. Hueb. St. 2–4in. sometimes with slender branches; -l. lower oval obtuse, scarcely pointed, upper large oval ligulate obtuse -(marginal cells narrower), almost entire, slightly undulate, nerved -nearly to apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid convex pointed: dioicous. - -Wet and boggy places on mountains, Clova, &c. Summer. - - - C. L. entire, with a cartilaginous border. - -349. M. PUNCTATUM, Hed. St. ½–3in., erect, radiculose; l. obovate or -roundish obtuse, obscurely pointed, upper in a somewhat rosaceous tuft; -generally nerved to apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid conical, with a -longish beak: dioicous. - -Wet shady places. II. III. - - -350. M. SUBGLOBOSUM. B. & S. St. 1in. or more, erect; l. obovate or -roundish obtuse, not nerved to apex; border narrow sub-cartilaginous; -caps. roundish, contracted at mouth, sub-pendulous; lid small conical -beaked: synoicous. - -Marshes and bogs. III. - - - 52. CINCLIDIUM. SWARTZ. - -351. C. STYGIUM. Sw. St. 1–4in. tufted, erect, with purplish radicles; -l. roundish obovate, obtuse, pointed, rigid, very narrow at base, border -cartilaginous, nerved to or beyond apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, -pendulous, on a long seta, lid convex obtuse, sometimes pointed; -synoicous. - -Bogs. Malham Tarn (Nowell, Wilson). VI. VII. - - - 53. MIELICHHOFERIA. N. & H. - -352. M. NITIDA. Horn. “L. erecto-patent, larger and more crowded above, -ovate-lanceolate, serrated at apex; caps. sub-erect pyriform; lid -conical, very short.” - - var. β. _gracilis._ more densely tufted; l. shorter, more crowded, - imbricate; caps. erect. [Wils. Bry. Brit., p. 263.] - -Type not British; var. β. only found at head of Glen Callater, 1830 (Dr. -Greville); again in same locality, 1868 (Fergusson and Roy); Ingleby, -Yorkshire, 1862 (Mudd.) - - - 54. PALUDELLA. EHR. - -353. P. SQUARROSA. Brid. St. 2–6in. radiculose; l. obovate-lanceolate, -pointed, recurved above the middle, squarrose, nerved to and serrulate -at apex, margins recurved below; caps. elliptic-oblong gibbous, with a -short thick neck, inclined; lid mammillate. - -Boggy places. No fr. found in Britain. Summer. - - - 55. MEESIA. HEDW. - -354. M. ULIGINOSA. Hedw. St. ½–1in. radiculose, br. fastigiate; l. -lanceolate or linear obtuse (upper longer), entire, margin recurved, -scarcely nerved to apex; caps. pyriform, with a long tapering neck, -incurved, inclined; lid conical truncate; seta very long. - -Wet and boggy places. VII. VIII. - -[It is very questionable whether _M. longiseta_ has ever been found in -the British Islands.] - - - 56. AMBLYODON. P. BEAUV. - -355. A. DEALBATUS. P. B. St. ½–1in.; l. lanceolate broad, acute, margins -plane, slightly serrulate at apex, below which the strong nerve ceases; -caps. clavate or pyriform, incurved, inclined, mouth oblique, lid -conical, seta very long. - -Wet mountainous places. S. I. VI. VII. - - - 57. FUNARIA. SCHREB. - - - 1. Caps. cernuous on a straight seta, annulus none. - -356. F. HIBERNICA. Hook. St. ¼–½in.; l. oblong-oval, gradually tapering -to an acutely serrate point, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, -longer than in next species, on a seta twisting to left its whole length -when dry; lid concave. - -Chalky soil. Cork, Matlock, Conway. IV. V. - - -357. F. MUHLENBERGII. Schw. St. shorter than last; l. ovate-lanceolate, -suddenly tapering to a long bluntly serrate point, nerved nearly to -apex; caps. pyriform, on a seta when dry twisted at base to left, above -to right; lid convex obtuse with a reddish border. - -Limestone walls, banks, &c. IV. V. - - - 2. Caps. furrowed when dry, on a long arcuate seta, annulus present. - -358. F. HYGROMATRICA. Hedw. St. ¼–1in.; l. lower scattered, upper -ovate-lanceolate, concave, clustered into a bulb-like tuft, nerved to -apex, margins reflexed; caps. broadly pyriform, incurved, mouth oblique, -with a corrugate border; lid convex, with a red border. - -Banks and walls, old cinder heaps, &c., common, V.—IX. - - var. β. _patula._ st. slender branched; l. undulate, spreading, twisted - when dry. - - γ. _calvescens._ seta long and straight; caps. slender, almost - erect. - - -359. F. MICROSTOMA. B. & S. Habit of last, but smaller; l. in a comal -bud; caps. pyriform, turgid, not much furrowed when dry; mouth very -small, with a smooth border; inner perist. very imperfect. - -Damp stony places. VIII. IX. - -Maresfield, Sussex, 1864 (Mr. Mitten). - - - 58. ENTOSTHODON. SCHW. - -360. E. TEMPLETONI. Schw. St. about ¼in.; l. lower distant -ovate-acuminate, upper in a rosaceous tuft, obovate, acuminate, not -nerved to apex, scarcely serrulate; caps. clavate-pyriform, upright, -neck tapering, lid plano-convex. - -Crevices of rocks and shady places. E. S. I. W. VII. - - -361. E. MINIMUM. Hunt. (Mem. Lit. and Sci. Soc., Manchester, vol. V., p. -100, 1871–2.) St. ⅛–¼in. erect, gregarious; l. lower obovate, margin -reflexed, nerve thin, not reaching apex; upper oblong, sub-erect, -sub-canaliculate, margin recurved, crenulate above, nerve strong, nearly -reaching apex; areolæ large elongate hexagonal below, above shorter; -caps. obconical when dry, smooth, with a distinct neck and wide mouth; -seta erect, ⅛–¼in.; perist. half immersed, of 16 slender linear subulate -teeth; dioicous. - -Sandstone walls. Glasnevin, Dublin (D. Orr.) VIII. - - - 59. PHYSCOMITRIUM. BRID. - -362. P. ERICETORUM. De Not. St. ¼in.; l. lower, distant, small, upper in -a tuft, larger, obovate-lanceolate, with a thickened distantly serrate -margin, not nerved to apex; caps. small, pyriform, erect, lid almost -flat. - -Heaths, banks, stream sides, &c. III. IV. - - -363. P. FASCICULARE. B. & S. St. about ½in. tufted; l. ovate-oblong or -lanceolate, pointed serrate, not bordered; caps. obovate or pyriform, -tapering at base; lid convex. - -Fallow fields. IV. - - -364. P. PYRIFORME. B. & S. St. about ¼in., tufted; l. lower distant -ovate-lanceolate, above spathulate, pointed, serrate, uppermost longer -erect, not nerved to apex; caps. globose-pyriform erect, mouth small, -lid conical, calyptra sub-persistent, toothed at base. - -Moist banks and ditches. IV. - - -365. P. SPHŒRICUM. B. & S. St. scarcely ¼in.; l. oval-oblong or slightly -spathulate, acute, concave, entire; upper ones largest, nerved nearly to -apex; caps. sub-globose, mouth large; lid large conical; calyp. lobed -below. - -Dried-up mud. IX.–XI. - -Mere, Cheshire, 1834 (Wils.), J. Whitehead, Oct., 1870. - - - 60. BARTRAMIDULA. B. & S. - -366. B. WILSONI. B. & S. St. about ¼in. branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, somewhat secund, nerved nearly to or beyond apex, serrulate -above; caps. globoso-pyriform, generally pendulous, not striate; lid -convex or conical. - -Turfy soil on mountains. S. W. I. X. - - - 61. BARTRAMIA. HEDW. - - - 1. Caps. erect, perist. single. - -367. B. STRICTA. Brid. St. loosely tufted, glaucous green; l. -erecto-patent, rigid when dry, lanceolate-subulate, nerve excurrent into -a serrate arista; caps. ovate-globose furrowed when dry, seta four-sided -at summit, twisted to right when dry; lid convex or mammillate. [Bry. -Eur., IV., t. 316. Schp. Syn., 417.] - -On the ground and stones. Early summer. - -Maresfield, Sussex (Mitten), 1862. - - - 2. Caps. cernuous, perist. double. - - - _a._ Branches fastigiate. Monoicous. - -368. B. RIGIDA. Bals. & Not. St. ¼–½in.; br. erect or recurved; l. -erecto-patent, straight, rigid, lanceolate, finely serrulate, nerve -excurrent, cap., large, sub-spherical, furrowed when dry, and cernuous; -lid conical pointed; seta erect; inner perist. sometimes imperfect. - -Shady banks, mountains. IX. X. - - - _b._ Br. fasciculate: dioicous. - - - * L. plicate and sheathing at base. - -369. B. ARCUATA. Brid. St. 1–4in., with reddish brown radicles; l. -ovate-lanceolate from a broad erect sheathing base, scabrous, serrulate, -spreading; caps. sub-globose, almost pendulous, on an arcuate seta, -furrowed when dry. - -Waterfalls and wet rocks. IX. X. - - - * * L. not sheathing or plicate. (_Philonotis._) - -370. B. (PHILONOTIS) FONTANA. Brid. Stem 1–6in., with reddish black -radicles; l. ovate-acuminate, short and appressed or lanceolate secund, -or spreading and longer (generally plicate at base), nerve almost -excurrent; perig. l. obtuse, nerveless; caps. sub-globose large, -furrowed when dry. - -Springs and wet places. VI. - - var. β. _alpina._ st. short, l. ovate-lanceolate, mucronate. - - γ. _falcata._ l. falcato-secund, nerve thick. - - δ. _pumila._ plant smaller in all its parts. - - -371. B. (PHILONOTIS) CÆSPITOSA. Wils. MS. St. 1–2in. reddish, cæspitose, -radiculose below; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate, gradually -tapering from base upwards, concave, margins sub-serrulate not recurved, -nerved to apex, areolæ lax, largest at basal angles; perig. l. in a -stellate tuft, almost triangular from a very broad base, finely -sub-serrulate, nerved to apex. - -Walton swamp, Cheshire (Wilson): male plant only. - - -372. B. (PHILONOTIS) ADPRESSA. Fergusson. “Plant widely cæspitose, -erect, 2–3in. either dull, glaucous green, or reddish; l. papillose, -erect when moist, with one wide plica on each side of nerve, incurved -towards apex, slightly twisted when dry, widely ovate from an -amplexicaul base, not acuminate, apex either obtuse or cucullate, with a -very slight mucro, or in the more slender forms rather acute, margin -denticulate slightly reflexed; nerve very thick continuous; areolæ -small, ovoid above, shorter and wider towards the base.” [G. E. Hunt. -Mem. Lit. & Sci. Soc., Manchester, vol. V., 102, 1872.] - -Glen Prossen, &c., Clova (Fergusson); Glas Mheal, Perthshire 2500 ft. -(Hunt). - - -373. B. (PHILONOTIS) SERIATA. Mitt. _Musc. Ind. Orient._ “L. spirally -arranged, from a sub-erect base, patent towards apex, ovate acute -plicate, margin distinctly reflexed; areolæ linear above, small and -ovoid towards base; perig. l. from an erect dilated base, widely -spreading, cordatetriangular obtuse, areolæ small obscure -elongate-quadrangular, above large linear and reddish at base; nerve -thick, indistinct, continuous or vanishing below apex, margin slightly -denticulate.” [Hunt. loc. cit., p. 103.] - -Springs at head of Clova; Ben-na-Bourd (Gardiner). - - -374. B. (PHILONOTIS) CALCAREA. B. & S. St. about 2in.; l. -ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually from middle upwards, concave rigid -secund, margin serrulate, not reflexed, strongly nerved to apex; areolæ -large oblong, long hexagonal at base; perig. l. acute, triangular from a -broad erect base, nerved to apex: caps. sub-globose, inclined or -cernuous. - -Wet places. VII. - - - _c._ Branches dichotomous and fastigiate. - - - * monoicous. - -375. B. POMIFORMIS. Hedw. St. ½–2in.; l. spreading linear-lanceolate, -not concave, doubly spinuloso-serrate, rough, crisp when dry, nerve -slightly excurrent; caps. sub-globose, cernuous, lid small conical. - -Dry sandy banks. V. - - var. β. _crispa._ “l. longer, less crowded, branches often longer than - fruit-stalk.” - - -376. B. HALLERIANA. Hedw. St. 1–3in., radiculose below; l. spreading or -secund, linear-subulate from a broad pale erect sheathing base, rough, -serrate, nerve excurrent; caps. sub-globose, on a short curved seta. - -Moist alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VI. VII. - - - * * Synoicous. - -377. B. GRACILIS. Floerke, 1799. (_B. Oederi_, Swartz, 1800). St. -1–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate, recurved from an erect, not sheathing -base, crisped when dry, margins recurved, serrate above, keeled, smooth; -caps. small globose, oblique, lid convex. - -Moist shady rocks. V. - - -378. B. ITHYPHYLLA. Brid. St. ½–2in.; l. from an erect broad base -sharply bent back and lanceolate-subulate, rigid, serrulate, not crisped -when dry, broadly nerved to apex; caps. globose, almost erect or -cernuous. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VI. - - - 62. CONOSTOMUM. SWARTZ. - -379. C. BOREALE. Swartz. St. ½–2in. tufted, radiculose; l. imbricate -lanceolate acuminate, keeled, serrate, nerve excurrent into a mucro; -caps. globose, gibbous, cernuous; lid large beaked. - -Summits of Scotch mountains. VIII. IX. - - - 63. CATASCOPIUM. BRID. - -380. C. NIGRITUM. Brid. St. 1in. or more (Wilson says 2–6in. or more), -radiculose; l. lanceolate acute, margin reflexed entire, nerved nearly -to apex; upper ones largest; caps. small globose, dark-coloured or -black, cernuous; lid small conical. - -Moist alpine rocks, &c. - -Wilson says “fruits March (?)” My specimen from Fife is August. - - - 64. DISCELIUM. BRID. - -381. D. NUDUM. Brid. Stemless; l. few, ovate-lanceolate, entire, -concave, round the base of the seta, generally buried; seta ½–1in.; -caps. sub-globose reddish, cernuous, small; lid conical acute. - -Clay banks and beds. II.–IV. - -Near Manchester (Cayley); Todmorden (Hobkirk). - - - 65. SPLACHNUM. B. & S. - -382. S. VASCULOSUM. L. Stem ¼–1in. radiculose; l. roundish ovate, -obtuse, or ovate-acuminate, entire, narrow at base, not nerved to apex, -areolæ lax; caps. small cylindrical on a large globular apophysis; lid -convex: dioicous. - -Elevated wet places. VII. - - -383. S. AMPULLACEUM. L. St. about 1in.; l. lower lanceolate, upper -larger obovate or oblong-lanceolate, all serrate or sometimes entire, -acuminate, nerved nearly to apex; areolæ lax; seta dilated above into a -turbinate apophysis, bearing the small cylindrical caps.; the whole -shaped like the ancient _ampulla_; lid conical; mono- or dioicous. - -On dung in peaty places. V. VI. - - -384. S. SPHŒRICUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in.; l. roundish obovate, acuminate, -scarcely serrate, lower smaller, nerved nearly to apex; apophysis not -tapering, roundish ovate, about same width as cylindrical capsule; lid -mammillate: dioicous. - -Dung in moist peaty places. V. VI. - - - 66. TETRAPLODON. B. & S. - -385. T. MNIOIDES. B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. sub-erect obovate or -nearly elliptical, suddenly narrowed into a long piliferous point, -concave, entire, nerved to apex; caps. elliptical on a large obovate -apophysis of about same width; lid conical obtuse. - -Moist mountainous situations, on dung, &c. V. - - -386. T. ANGUSTATUS. B. & S. St. ½–2in. tufted; l. sub-erect, -ovate-lanceolate concave, narrowed into long tapering points, serrate; -caps. ovate on an obconical apophysis; lid conical obtuse. - -Dung on mountains, rare. VII. VIII. - - - 67. TAYLORIA. HOOKER. - -387. T. SERRATA. B. & S. St. scarcely 1in.; l. erecto-patent, recurved -above, oblong-obovate, lower ovate-lanceolate acuminate, serrate above, -not nerved to apex; caps. oval on a long tapering apophysis; lid convex -obtuse. - - var. γ. _tenuis._ “l. broader and shorter, caps. smaller on a more - slender stalk, much contracted when dry, columella exserted.” - Wils. - -Normal form not found in Britain—only var. γ on turfy soil on Scotch -mountains. VII. VIII. - - - 68. DISSODON. GREV. - -388. D. FROELICHIANUS. Grev. “St. cæspitose or scattered; l. -ovate-oblong obtuse, nerve ceasing below apex; caps. (with apophysis) -clavato-pyriform; lid conical; teeth of perist. in pairs.” [Wils. Bry. -Brit., 296.] - -Doubtful native; said to have been found on Ben High, Aberdeen, by Mr. -Dickson, but the specimen in Herb. Turner is not certain. - -389. D. SPLACHNOIDES. Grev. St. 1–4in. radiculose; l. erecto-patent, -oval-oblong or lingulate obtuse, margin plane, not nerved to apex; caps. -obovate with a short tapering neck; lid conical pointed; columella -exserted when dry. - -Wet mountainous bogs. Scotland. VIII. - - - 69. ŒDIPODIUM. SCHW. - -390. Œ. GRIFFITHIANUM. Schw. St. ¼–½in, tufted; barren often much -longer; l. obovate-roundish, obtuse, fringed below, not nerved to apex; -caps. obovate or pyriform, neck tapering into a thick succulent seta; -lid convex obtuse. - -Crevices of mountainous rocks. VII. VIII. - - - 70. SCHISTOSTEGA. MOHR. - -391. S. OSMUNDACEA. W. & M. St. ¼–½in.; l. bifarious, insertion -vertical, lanceolate, pale green; caps. small, sub-globose, mouth large; -lid convex; young plant, when growing in caves, emitting a beautiful -golden green light. - -Sandstone caves and banks, not rare. III. - - - 71. FISSIDENS. HEDW. - - - I. Fructif. terminal. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -392. F. EXILIS. Hedw. St. ⅛in. simple; l. few, lower small ovate, upper -lanceolate-oblong oblique, acute, margin not bordered, serrulate, nerved -to apex, dorsal wing not reaching to base of leaf; caps. -elliptic-oblong, erect, lid conical obliquely rostrate. - -Shady banks and woods, not frequent. E. S. I. I.—III. - - -393. F. VIRIDULUS. L. St. ¼in. about; l. lanceolate acute, entire, -bordered, crisped when dry, dorsal wing not reaching to base, nerved -nearly to apex; caps. oval-oblong erect; lid conical with a blunt point; -perist. immersed; barren fl. on a short branch. - -Shady banks, rivulets on stones, &c. VIII. IX. - - -394. F. INCURVUS. Schw. St. ¼in. about, ascending from a decumbent base; -l. lanceolate oblong apiculate, narrowly margined, nerve ceasing near -the serrate apex; caps. oval oblique, curved, rarely erect, lid conical -rostellate; perist. not immersed; barren fl. sessile at base of stem. -[Schp. Syn. 104.] - -Shady banks, Cheshire; Hurst-pier-point. II. III. - - var. _Lylei._ l. scarcely margined, narrow; perist. immersed. - Cheshire, rare. - - -395. F. PUSILLUS. Wils. St. shorter; l. erect, acute, narrow; caps. -sub-erect; perist. immersed. - -Sandstone rocks. - - -396. F. CRASSIPES. Wils. St. ¼–¾in.; plant more robust; l. larger, -broader, and more numerous; caps. obovate-roundish on a short seta, -erect. - -Sluices. Sandford, near Oxford. X. XI. - - -397. F. BRYOIDES. Hedw, St. ¼–½in.; l. lanceolate apiculate, with a -thickened margin, dorsal wing reaching to, and broad at, the base, -strongly nerved to or beyond apex; caps. elliptical erect, symmetrical; -lid conical, acutely rostellate; barren fl. axillary. - -Shady banks, frequent. I.—III. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -398. F. OSMUNDIOIDES. Hedw. St. 1–2in. tufted, erect, radiculose; l. -lower scattered, small, upper larger crowded, ovate-lanceolate obtuse, -apiculate, margin not thickened, almost entire, not nerved to apex, the -latter sometimes toothed; caps. small oval-oblong, sub-erect; lid large -convex rostrate. - -Wet mountainous rocks. X. XI. - - -399. F. ASPLENIOIDES. Hedw. St. (in var. β. only found in Britain) -3–12in.; l. linear-lanceolate or ligulate entire, obtuse, incurved when -dry; caps. sub-erect obovate, slightly incurved; lid rostrate, as long -as capsule; barren fl. axillary or terminal. - - var. β. _polyphyllos._ “branches arcuate, l. wider, rather acute, more - strongly nerved, serrulate at apex, barren fl. numerous - axillary.” [Wils. Bry. Brit.] Moist shady rocks on mountains. - W. I. - - - II. Fructif. lateral. - -400. _F. adiantoedes._ Hedw. St. 1–2in. branched, leafy; l. -ovate-lanceolate, finely serrulate below, dentate at apex, nerved almost -or quite to apex; border sometimes thickened; caps. oval-oblong, -constricted at mouth when dry, cernuous; lid with a long beak: -monoicous. - -Shady wet rocks and bogs. X.–IV. - - -401. F. TAXIFOLIUS. Hedw. St. about ½in. fasciculate from base; l. -lanceolate, pointed, not bordered, finely crenulate, nerved almost to -apex; caps. almost ovate, inclined on a seta curved at summit, and -inserted at base of stem, lid large convex with a long oblique beak: -monoicous. - -Moist shady banks. XII.—II. - - -402. F. DECIPIENS. De Not. St. about ½in. fasciculate from base; l. -lower distant, coulter-shaped, upper imbricate patulous, oblong-ligulate -acute or mucronulate, dorsal wing narrow, nerve strongly excurrent, -excavate; the cultriform lobe of the upper leaves obliquely acute, -longer than half the leaf, upper part strongly serrate; caps. ovate, -somewhat constricted at base, erect or inclined; lid large rounded -beaked: dioicous. [De Notaris, Epilogo Briol. Ital. 1869, p. 480.] - -Damp rocks and old walls. - - -403. F. TAMARINDIFOLIUS. Donn. St. about ½in. fasciculate, slender; l. -elliptical “sub-falciform apiculate,” with an entire pellucid -cartilaginous border, nerved to apex; caps. ovate-oblong curved -inclined; lid short conical, with a bluntish point. - -Banks, &c. II. III. - - - - - DIVISION II. PLEUROCARPI. - - -72. ANŒCTANGIUM. B. & S. - -404. A. COMPACTUM. Schw. St. 1–4in. densely tufted, slender; l. short, -lanceolate spreading from an erect base, acuminate, slightly serrulate -near the base only, nerved to or beyond apex; caps. oval-oblong erect; -lid long convex, with a slender oblique beak. - -Crevices of moist alpine rocks. Autumn. - - -405. A. HORNSCHUCHIANUM. Hoppe. “St. elongate cæspitose; l. -linear-subulate from a dilated base, channelled, entire; caps. -roundish-pyriform: lid rostrate.” Wils. “L. upper part of dilated base -is always more or less distinctly crenate or serrulate, from thence to -the apex entire.” W. Mitten, Jour. of Bot., vol. V., p. 329. [Mr. Mitten -refers Dr. Taylor’s plant from Ireland to _Tortula Hibernica_, by which -name it is described under that genus.] - - - 73. LEUCODON. SCHW. - -406. L SCIUROIDES. Schw. St. or branches 1in. from a creeping rhizome; -l. imbricate, ovate, entire, tapering to a point, plicate, somewhat -secund; per. l. longer, all nerveless; caps. long elliptical erect; lid -conical beaked. - -Trees, walls, rocks, &c. IX. - - -407. L. LAGURUS. Hook. St. ½–1in., tomentous; l. ovate, suddenly -contracted to a piliferous point, concave, serrulate near apex, nerved -half way; caps. cylindrical; lid with a short curved beak. - -Trees and rocks. - - var. β. _borealis._ “st. not tomentous; l. auriculate and serrate at - base, more concave and more suddenly attenuated, with longer - points; faintly two-nerved at base only.” Wils. N. Uist, - Hebrides, 1851. - - - 74. ANTITRICHIA. BRID. - -408. A. CURTIPENDULA. Brid. St. 3–8in. straggling, pinnately branched; -l. ovate, concave, sharply curved to a roughly toothed point, which ends -in a double hook in the younger ones, nerved half way, margins recurved; -caps. roundish elliptical drooping; lid with an oblique beak. - -Rocks and trees. IV. - - - 75. LEPTODON. BRID. - -409. L. SMITHII. Brid. St. 1–3in. creeping, branches pinnate or -bipinnate; l. ovate, rounded and obtuse at apex, entire, margin recurved -below, nerved more than half way; per. l. erect ovate-subulate; caps. -elliptical horizontal on a short curved seta; lid with an oblique beak. - -Trees. Devon, &c. IV. - - - 76. ANOMODON. H. & T. - -410. A. VITICULOSUS. H. & T. St. 1–2in. from a creeping rhizome rigid; -l. more or less secund or spreading from an ovate base lingulate or -subulate, obtuse, entire, nerve pellucid, almost reaching apex; caps. -almost cylindrical erect, on a yellowish seta; lid large conical -rostrate. - -Shady limestone rocks, trees. XI. - - -411. A. ATTENUATUS. Hueb. (_Hypnum_, Schreb. _Leskea_, Hedwig.) St. -1–2in. procumbent with incurved branches; l. imbricate, sometimes -secund, ovate-lanceolate from a narrow base, acute, scarcely nerved to -apex; per. l. narrower nerveless; areolæ minute opaque; caps. -cylindrical erect; lid conical, with an oblique beak: dioicous. - -Damp rocks and rotten tree trunks. Den of Airlie, Forfarshire -(Fergusson), 1868. - - -412. A. LONGIFOLIUS. Hartm. Rhizomes slenderer than No. 410, branches -sub-fasciculate; l. somewhat secund, from an ovate base lanceolate -tapering, very acute, nerved to apex; caps. ovate-oblong on a short -seta; lid large conical rostellate. - -Scotch mountains; fr. not found in Britain. Autumn. - - - 77. HABRODON. SCHP. - -413. H. NOTARISII. Schpr. (_Pterogonium perpusillum_, De Not.) St. -creeping, irregularly branched; l. spreading squarrose opaque, imbricate -and shining when dry, from an ovate base longly acuminate, nerveless, -entire; per. l. internal with erose margins; caps. oval-oblong erect, -slightly striate, and contracted at mouth when dry; lid conical erose. -[Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. III. IV.] - -Trunks of elm and white thorn. Spring. - -Windermere and Devon (J. Nowell); Killin, Perthshire (A. McKinlay), -July, 1865; Ben Lawers (Hunt). - - - 78. PTEROGONIUM. SWARTZ. - -414. PT. FILIFORME. Hedw. St. creeping, with incurved fasciculate -branches; l. imbricate or secund, elliptical, concave, papillose at -back, serrulate at pointed apex, margin recurved; nerved half way, or -shortly two-nerved at base; caps. elliptical erect; lid conical, -obliquely rostrate. - -Mountainous rocks and tree trunks. S. I. Spring. - - -415. PT. GRACILE. Sw. Rhizome creeping, with arcuate stems, and incurved -fasciculate branches; l. spreading, (appressed when dry) ovate, concave, -acute, serrate near apex, margin not recurved, slightly two-nerved at -base; caps. oblong, longer and thicker than last; lid conical, shorter, -not rostrate. - -Shady sub-alpine rocks and walls, and trees. XI. - - - 79. ISOTHECIUM. BRID. - -416. I. MYURUM. Dill. St. 1–2in. from a creeping stoloniferous rhizome, -with fasciculate branches; l. elliptical concave, not tapering but -serrulate at apex, nerved half way, singly or forked; per. l. erect; -caps. ovate, erect, with a long rostrate lid: dioicous. - -Trees and rocks. X. - - - 80. CLIMACIUM. W. & M. - -417. C. DENDROIDES. W. & M. St. 1–3in. erect, with long spreading -branches; l. ovate-lanceolate, serrulate at apex: st. l. acute, br. l. -obtuse, nerved nearly to apex; per. l. nerveless, entire; caps. erect -ovate-oblong, with a pointed beak. - -Boggy places. X.–I. - - - 81. CYLINDROTHECIUM. BRY. EUR. - -418. C. MONTAGNEI. Bry. Eur. Müller. St. 1–2in., branches pinnate, -recurved, cuspidate; l. elliptical acute entire, rather obtuse, faintly -two-nerved at base, margin recurved below; marginal basal cells large -and pellucid; caps. cylindrical, erect, on a long seta, and with a blunt -lid: dioicous. - -Limestone hills. S. E. Autumn. - - - 82. LESKEA. HED. - - - A. L. not striate. - - - _a._ l. nerveless, or faintly two-nerved. - -419. L. MONILIFORMIS. Wahl. St. ½in. slender tufted, branched; l. -imbricate, nearly round, obtuse, very concave, nerveless, denticulate at -base; per. l. ovate-lanceolate; caps. almost erect, small, oval-oblong, -with a short beak. - -Alpine rocks. E. S. I. Summer. - - -420. L. APICULATA. Hueb. [_Myurella._] Loosely cæspitose, soft and -fragile; l. loosely imbricate or patent, ovate, very concave, often with -a recurved apiculus, opaque; perist. pale, small. [Bryol. Eur., v. t. -560.] - -Moist rocky ground. Ben Lawers. Summer. - - -421. L. MICANS. Wils. [_Hypnum._ Bry. Brit. 402.] St. prostrate, very -slender, filiform, branched; l. almost orbicular, concave, apiculate, -serrulate, sometimes faintly two-nerved at base; fruit not known. - -Shady rocks. S. of Ireland. - - -422. L. POLYANTHA. Hedw. Stem short creeping, branched; branches -incurved above; l. crowded sub-secund, ovate-acuminate, suddenly -apiculate, with apiculus sometimes slightly serrulate, nerveless; caps. -elliptic-oblong erect, broader below, with a conical bluntish lid and -long calyptra: monoicous. - -Trees. E. S. W. VII. VIII. - - - _b._ l. nerved. - -423. L. PULVINATA. Wahl. St. ½in. procumbent, slenderly branched; l. -imbricate elliptic-ovate, narrowed below, concave entire, nerved half -way, or two-nerved at base; areolæ large, almost hexagonal; per. l. -nerveless; caps. almost erect, oval-oblong; lid conical pointed, falling -early: monoicous. - -Roots of trees near rivers, &c. V. VI. - - -424. L. POLYCARPA. Ehr. St. longer, densely tufted; almost pinnately -branched; l. imbricate, sub-secund, ovate, tapering, stoutly nerved -nearly to apex, margin entire, reflexed below; per. l. erect, striate; -caps. cylindrical, erect, lid conical acute: monoicous. - -Roots of trees. V. VI. - - var. β. _paludosa_, generally more lax; caps. longer. - - - B. L. striate. - -425. L. SERICEA. Dill. St. 1in. or more, creeping, branched; branches -erect, curved; l. imbricate, sub-secund, lanceolate, long tapering, -scarcely nerved to apex; areolæ very narrow; caps. almost erect, -cylindrical, tapering above, on a rough seta; lid conical, obliquely -beaked: dioicous. - -Walls, rocks, and trunks of trees. XI.–III. - - -426. L. RUFESCENS. Hall. St. 1–3in. erect, branched, with reddish brown -foliage; l. imbricate, almost erect, lanceolate, long tapering, often -almost piliferous, nerveless, margins plane; caps. generally erect -cylindrical, on a long smooth seta; lid shortly conical: dioicous. - -Moist shady alpine rocks. S. X. - -427. L. SUBRUFA. Wils. St. about 1in. or less, erect, branched; foliage, -young green, older brownish; l. almost erect, sub-secund, lanceolate, -long tapering, nerveless, entire; caps. ovate, tapering below, almost -erect; lid conical pointed; dioicous. Fruit not found in Britain. - -Sub-alpine rocks. Summer. - - - 83. HYPNUM. DILL. - - -_Sub-genus_ I. THUYIDIUM. St. erect, pinnate or bipinnate, with numerous - branched villi; l. densely papillose on the back; nerve single. - - - _a._ St. simply pinnate. - -428. H. (THUYIDIUM.) ABIETINUM. Dill. St. 2–4in. rigid, reddish, not -always erect; br. slightly drooping crowded; l. imbricate, -erecto-patent, more or less secund; st. l. ovate or cordate acuminate, -serrulate near apex, plicate; br. l. narrower, less plicate; all -papillose on back and keel, nerved nearly to apex; areolæ dot-like; -caps. oblong-cylindrical, arcuate, cernuous; lid conical: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks, chalk hills, &c. Spring. - - -429. H. (THUYIDIUM) BLANDOVII. W. & M. St. 3in. erect, flexible; br. -slender, spreading; l. loosely imbricate, erect from a spreading base, -broadly ovate or sub-cordate, acute, narrowed at base almost to a -pedicel, keeled, serrulate, not papillose on keel, thinly nerved nearly -to apex, margin recurved: areolæ larger, sub-hexagonal; caps. oblong, -curved, cernuous; lid conical, with a blunt point: monoicous. - -Bogs, rare. V. - -430. H. (THUYIDIUM) DECIPIENS. De Not. (_H. rigidulum._ Ferg.) St. -2–4in. rigid, villous, with short attenuate branches; st. l. distant, -sub-squarrose, deltoid-ovate, suddenly acuminate auricled, concave -serrate, papillose on both sides, sometimes secund above; br. l. -smaller, crowded, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, spreading or secund, nerved -half way or more; areolæ large hexagonal and pellucid at base, above -oval-elongate confused (Fergusson). - -Springs and streams. Ben Lawers (Dr. Stirton), 1866; Clova, 2800 ft. -(Fergusson), 1868; Auchinblae, 800 ft. (Sim and Fergusson); Glas Mheal, -Perthshire, 2500 ft. (G. E. Hunt). All barren. - - - _b._ St. bi- or tri-pinnate: dioicous. - -431. H. (THUYIDIUM) DELICATULUM. L. St. elongate, erect or procumbent, -bipinnate; br. drooping, often rooting at apex; l. broadly cordate or -ovate-acuminate, sub-striate, papillose or muricate on back and keel, -nerved nearly to apex, which is finely serrulate; caps. sub-cylindrical -curved, cernuous, pale brown, lid large conical, not rostrate. - -Limestone and chalk rocks, &c. VII. VIII. - - -432. H. (THUYIDIUM) TAMARISCINUM. Hedw. St. elongate, arched, -procumbent, interruptedly tri-pinnate; br. not rooting; st. l. cordate -acuminate, plicate; br. l. ovate, obtuse; all papillose at back, but not -so much so as last; serrulate near and nerved almost to apex; caps. -oblong-cylindrical, curved, cernuous, purplish red; lid large conical, -with a long beak. - -Woods and banks, frequent. XI. - - -_Sub-genus_ II. PTYCHODIUM. Branches sub-pinnate; l. patent and secund, - often deeply sulcate, thinly nerved to apex; areolæ shortly linear, - quadrate at the angles; caps. cernuous, horizontal, ovate; per. teeth - dense and narrow, lamellose, cilia rudimentary. - - -433. H. (PTYCHODIUM) PLICATUM. Schl. St. creeping, tomentous; branches -ascending incurved; l. ovate, imbricate, pointed, margin recurved; per. -l. twice as large; caps. ovate-oblong, small, on a half-inch reddish -seta: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks. S. IV. (?) - - - _Sub-genus_ III. CAMPTOTHECIUM. Stems trailing in part, sub-erect, - branched; l. silky, striate, thinly nerved, areolæ narrowly linear; -caps. cernuous, on a smooth or rough incurved seta; lid shortly rostrate - or conical; internal perist. with long cilia. - - -434. H. (CAMPTOTHECIUM) LUTESCENS. Dill. St. about 3in. irregularly -branched, sometimes pinnate; l. narrowly lanceolate, tapering to a long -point, entire, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oblong arcuate, on a rough -seta; lid conical, beaked: monoicous. - -Rocks and woods (limestone and sandstone). IV. - - -435. H. (CAMPTOTHECIUM) NITENS. Dill. St. 2–4in. erect, almost pinnate, -radiculose; branches short spreading; l. erecto-patent, lanceolate, long -tapering, acute, not nerved to apex, entire, margin recurved; caps, -arcuate oblong, on a long smooth seta; lid conical: dioicous. - -Bogs. E. S. IV. V. - - - _Sub-genus_ IV. BRACHYTHECIUM. Plants upright or prone, irregularly -branched; l. silky, patent or sub-secund, more or less decurrent, thinly - nerved, striate; areolæ narrowly hexagono-rhomboid, generally quadrate -at basal angles; caps. ovate, sub-globose, or oblong, often turgid, lid - conical. - - - _a._ Seta smooth. - -436. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) MILDEANUM. Schp. St. ½ to 1in. erect branched; -l. sub-erect, long lanceolate, gradually tapering from a broadish base -into a long slender point, almost piliferous, plicate when dry, margins -plane, thinly nerved more than half way; areolæ long and narrow, broader -at base and quadrate at basal angles; caps. obovate-oblong or -unsymmetrical, much curved cernuous, constricted at mouth when dry, on a -red twisted seta; lid conical, tapering to a blunt apex, tipped with an -apiculus. - -Sands. Southport, Fifeshire, Dublin, Cornwall. X. XI. - - -437. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) SALEBROSUM. Hoffm. St. 1–2in. procumbent -sub-pinnate; l. shortly ovate-acuminate, serrulate, only slightly -striate, nerved more than half way; caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid -conical, scarcely beaked: monoicous. - -Trees. XI. - -Near Kirkham Abbey, Yorks. (R. Spruce); Sussex (Mitten). - - -438. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) GLAREOSUM. Bruch. St. about 2in. sub-procumbent, -branches sometimes sub-pinnate; l. erecto-patent from an ovate base, -gradually tapering into a long slender, sometimes twisted, sub-serrulate -apex, margin reflexed below; caps. ovate-oblong, cernuous arcuate; lid -conical, with a distinct beak: dioicous. - -Woods and shady banks. XI. - - -439. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) ALBICANS. Dill. St. about 2in. upright; l. -spreading, appressed when dry, ovate-acuminate, concave, entire, nerved -more than half way; caps. ovate small, scarcely curved, cernuous, on a -slender seta; young foliage pale green, greyish brown below: dioicous. - -Sandy grassy places. XI. XII. - - - _b._ Seta rough. - -440. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) VELUTINUM. Dill. St. short creeping, with erect -branches; l. sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, prolonged into a short -serrulate taper point; nerved half way or more, margin reflexed below; -per. l. almost piliferous; caps. roundish ovate cernuous; lid conical -pointed; monoicous. - -Walls, sandy hedge banks, roots of trees, &c. XI. XII. - - -441. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) REFLEXUM. Seliger. St. more or less arched, -procumbent, and rooting at extremities; branches sub-pinnate, slender, -incurved; l. shortly ovate-cordate, acuminate, serrate, nerved almost or -quite to apex, margin reflexed, areolæ large; caps. small, roundish -ovate, horizontal; lid conical pointed: monoicous. - -Scottish mountains. Spring. - - -442. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) RUTABULUM. Dill. St. long, loosely tufted, -procumbent, and rooting at extremities, with erect branches; l. ovate, -concave, acuminate, serrulate, striate when dry; thinly nerved, above -half way; caps. ovate-oblong, arcuate, cernuous on a very rough seta; -lid bluntly pointed: monoicous. - -Banks, walls, and trees. Common. IX.—III. - - var. δ. _plumulosum._ Sch. l. narrower, tapering, not acuminate. Sands, - Southport. - - -443. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) CAMPESTRE. B. & S. St. loosely cæspitose, -prostrate or ascending, much branched; l. erecto-patent, longly -ovate-lanceolate, more or less subulato-acuminate, serrulate, thinly -nerved more than half way, plicate, shining; per. l. recurved squarrose -from the middle, piliferous; caps. oblong-cylindrical sub-arcuate, on a -slightly roughened seta. (Sch. Synopsis, 543.) - -Grassy places, fields, &c. Winter and Spring. - -Maresfield, Sussex (Mr. Mitten); Spec, in Herb. Kew. “Newchurch, Over, -Cheshire, W. W. Dec. 13, 1837.” - - -444. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) RIVULARE. Bruch. St. arched, slender; branches -slender, incurved, sub-pinnate; l. deltoid-ovate, gradually tapering, -not suddenly acuminate, serrate, nerved above half way, decurrent: caps. -short roundish ovate arcuate, cernuous; lid large conical acute -rostellate: dioicous. - -Stones, &c., by rivulets in shady woods; sometimes in water, when the -st. are often very elongate. IX. - - -445. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) POPULEUM. Hedw. St. creeping, sub-pinnate; l. -narrowly ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a long serrulate point, margin -reflexed, nerved to apex; caps. small roundish ovate, slightly cernuous -or nearly erect; lid conical, very acute, sub-persistent on the ripe -fruit: monoicous. - -Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. IX.—II. - - var. β. _nutans._ Brid. branches longer, caps. distinctly cernuous. - - -446. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) PLUMOSUM. Swartz. St. creeping; branches long, -frequently erect, sub-pinnate; l. ovate, concave, acuminate, sub-secund, -serrulate near apex, nerved above half way; caps. small roundish ovate, -cernuous, seta roughish at summit only; lid conical acute: monoicous. - -Sub-alpine shady rocks, stones in rivulets, walls, &c. X.—III - - -_Sub-genus_ V. SCLEROPODIUM. Areolation vermicular, slightly dilated and - excavate at angles; caps. on a rough seta, sub-erect or cernuous, - turgid, ovate or oblong and sub-incurved. - -447. H. (SCLEROPODIUM) CÆSPITOSUM. Wils. St. densely tufted, creeping; -branches slender, short, incurved; l. sub-secund, ovate, small, concave, -serrulate, nerved above half way; caps. sub-cylindrical, slightly -arcuate, sub-erect; lid long rostellate; dioicous. - -Damp walls and roots of trees. XI. - -Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, Sussex. - - -448. H. (SCLEROPODIUM) ILLECEBRUM. L. St. procumbent, sometimes -sub-pinnate, branches incurved obtuse; l. roundish ovate, pointed, very -concave, imbricate, serrulate, tip slightly recurved; nerve reaching -above half way, its tip slightly projecting from back of leaf; caps. -ovate-oblong cernuous, somewhat ventricose; lid bluntly conical -apiculate: dioicous. - -Banks and rocks near the sea. XI. XII. - -Hampshire, Anglesea. - - - _Sub-genus_ VI. EURYNCHIUM. More or less pinnately branched; areolæ - narrowly rhomboid or sub-vermicular, dilated at the angles; caps. - cernuous and horizontal, on a smooth or rough seta; lid with a long - beak. - - - _a._ _Striatæ._ l. sub-scariose, shining, more or less distinctly - sulcate; areolæ long and narrow. - - - 1. Seta smooth. - -449. H. (EURYNCHIUM) MYOSUROIDES. L. (_Isothecium myosuroides._ Bry. -Brit. 323.) St. slender; branches fasciculate incurved; l. somewhat -spreading, from an ovate base lanceolate acuminate, serrulate, nerved -more than half way; caps. elliptic-oblong, more or less inclined, on a -twisted or curved seta; lid conical, with a short beak: dioicous. - -Trunks of trees and rocks. XI. - - -450. H. (EURYNCHIUM) STRIGOSUM. Hoffm. St. 1in. sub-erect or creeping, -scarcely pinnate; l. roundish ovate or cordate, concave, rather obtuse, -serrate, nerved above half way, margin recurved below; caps. -sub-cylindrical, curved, small; lid conical, with a longish curved beak: -parasitico-monoicous. - -Roots of trees, rocks, &c. XI. - -Cornwall (Tozer in Herb. Hook.) Spring. - - -451. H. (EURYNCHIUM) DIMORPHUM. Brid. St. 1–2in. procumbent, branches -very slender, more or less pinnate; st. l. ovate-acuminate, spreading -recurved; br. l. ovate, concave obtuse, sub-erect, all serrulate and -shortly two-nerved; areolæ quadrate on margin, the rest larger, longer -and less opaque; caps. oblong, almost horizontal; lid conical, without -beak: dioicous. - -Ben Lawers. Barren. Summer (?) - - -452. H. (EURYNCHIUM) CATENULATUM. Schwg. St. about ½in. creeping, with -erect very slender branches; l. very small, ovate acute, entire concave, -margin recurved below, broadly nerved half way or more; caps. -oval-oblong slightly curved, sub-erect or cernuous; lid large, with a -distinct beak: dioicous. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. - - Summer. - -Scotland; Yorkshire. Fr. not known in Britain. - - -453. H. (EURYNCHIUM) HETEROPTERUM. Bruch. St. procumbent, more or less -pinnate, often rooting at apex; l. ovate-acuminate, small, more or less -secund, denticulate, somewhat papillose at back; nerved singly half way, -or short and forked; caps. oblong, scarcely curved, almost erect; lid -with a long beak: dioicous. - -Moist rocks near waterfalls. XI. - -Ireland, Wales, Todmorden. - - -454. H. (EURYNCHIUM) CIRCINNATUM. Brid. St. short, sub-erect arched: -branches curved and drooping; l. very small ovate, pointed, sub-secund, -serrulate at apex, thickly nerved nearly to apex; areolæ oval, smaller -and quadrate at base; caps. oblong cernuous, curved; lid large, with a -long oblique or curved beak: dioicous. - -Shady limestone rocks and walls. III. - - -455. H. (EURYNCHIUM) STRIATULUM. Spruce. St. short creeping, tufted; -branches short crowded, erect; l. erecto-patent, ovate, long taper -pointed, serrate, sub-striate, strongly nerved more than half way; basal -areolæ opaque minute; caps. oblong cernuous; lid roundish, with a long -pointed beak: dioicous. - -Shady limestone rocks and roots of trees. XII. - - -456. H. (EURYNCHIUM) STRIATUM. Hedw. Much larger than the last in all -its parts; stems loosely tufted, arched, sub-pinnate; branches drooping; -l. gradually tapering from a broad cordate base, almost squarrose, -serrate, striate, nerved more than half way; caps. almost cylindrical, -curved, cernuous; lid large, with a long slender curved beak: dioicous. - -Woods and shady banks. XII. - - - 2. Seta rough. - -457. H. (EURYNCHIUM) CRASSINERVIUM. Tayl. St. creeping, branches erect; -l. spreading ovate, sharply pointed serrate concave, margin reflexed, -nerve thick, reaching more than half way, sometimes forked: caps. -elliptic-oblong small curved, cernuous; lid large, with a very long -slender oblique beak; dioicous. - -Shady limestone rocks. XI. - - -458. H. (EURYNCHIUM) PILIFERUM. Vaill. St. 2–3in. slender, procumbent, -branched; l. imbricate erecto-patent, elliptical serrulate, suddenly -contracted into a long serrulate, almost piliferous point, concave, -nerved half way; caps. oblong cernuous, slightly arcuate, lid with a -long beak. - -Shady banks and woods. Fr. rare. XI. - - -459. H. (EURYNCHIUM) CIRRHOSUM. Schwg. Stems erect or procumbent, with a -few erect branches; l. imbricate elliptic, more oblong than the last (of -which it may be only a variety, though very different in many points), -entire except the long narrow points, which are serrulate and suddenly -geniculate or reflexed where the point joins the blade; concave, nerved -half way. Never been found in fruit. - -Summit of Ben Lawers, 1823 (Dr. Arnott). - - -_b._ _Prælongæ._ l. opaque, scarcely sulcate, areolæ almost as broad as - long; seta rough. - - - * Synoicous. - -460. H. (EURYNCHIUM) SPECIOSUM. Brid. St. creeping, with short erect, -almost complanate branches; l. ovate serrulate, nerved almost to acute -apex, bright green; caps. ovate or obovate, cernuous; lid with a long -pointed beak. - -Stones near springs, sometimes in water. XII. - - - * * Dioicous. - -461. H. (EURYNCHIUM) PRŒLONGUM. Dill. St. long, arched or procumbent, -often bipinnate, branches slender; l. squarrose recurved, broadly -cordate, and suddenly tapering to a long point, amplexicaul, nerve -carried nearly to base of point; br. l. lanceolate acuminate, all -serrate: per. l. nerveless; caps. small oval-oblong, obliquely cernuous; -lid with a long tapering slender beak. - -Moist shady banks. XI. - - -462. H. (EURYNCHIUM) HIANS. Hedw. Sp. Musc. 272. t. 70. L. roundish -ovate, spreading, areolæ large. [Mueller Syn. II., 447.] - -Sussex (Mr. Mitten). - -463. H. (EURYNCHIUM) PUMILUM. Wils. St. creeping, filiform; br. slender, -sub-pinnate sub-complanate; l. minute ovate, shortly pointed, spreading -sub-serrulate, faintly nerved half way; per. l. smaller, recurved; caps. -short roundish ovate, cernuous; lid rather large, with an oblique beak. - -Shady rocks and hedge banks. E. S. I. XI. - -464. H. (EURYNCHIUM) STOKESII. Turn. St. densely cæspitose, branches -ascending, simple below, above densely pinnate and bipinnate; st. l. -distant, acutely cordate, shortly acuminate, and triquetrous, recurved; -br. l. ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent, all thinly nerved, and serrate; -caps. oblong ventricose horizontal, olive-coloured; lid with a long -straight subulate beak from a conical base. (Syn. 562. Bry. Eur. V. -526.) - -Stones and rocks in woods, &c. - - Autumn. - - -465. H. (EURYNCHIUM) SWARTZII. Turn. St. creeping, with short erect -branches; l. uniform, ovate not acuminate, serrate, nerved more than -half way; caps. roundish ovate, cernuous, reddish brown; lid with a long -oblique beak. - -Moist banks and rocks; frequent. XI. - - -_Sub-genus_ VII. HYOCOMIUM. St. prostrate; l. broadly obcordate, with a - long apiculus, decurrent, shortly two-nerved; areolæ, above - flexuoso-linear, middle narrowly rectangular, angles broadly hexagonal - or rectangular; caps. on a thick seta, oval, turgid, cernuous; lid - mammillate. - -466. H. (HYOCOMIUM) FLAGELLARE. Dicks. St. 1in. or more, arched pinnate; -br. sub-fasciculate, recurved; st. l. squarrose, broadly cordate -acuminate, slightly striate; br. l. less spreading, sub-secund, roundish -ovate, less acuminate; all sharply serrate and mostly two-nerved at -base, or nerveless; per. l. almost erect, much narrower; caps. -ovate-oblong, curved, cernuous, on a rough seta: dioicous. - -Moist shady rocks by cascades, &c. X. XI. - - - _Sub-genus_ VIII. RHYNCHOSTEGIUM. Plants low cæspitose, with scattered -branches; l. soft, shining, nerveless or simply nerved; areolæ elongate, - narrowly hexagono-rhomboid; caps. horizontal cernuous; lid with a - subulate beak. - - - _a._ _Demissæ._ St. prostrate, l. complanate, oblong-lanceolate, - nerveless, entire; caps. thin walled; seta smooth: monoicous. - -467. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) DEMISSUM. Wils. St. filiform; br. short -slender: l. elliptic-lanceolate, acute, sub-secund above, margin -reflexed; caps. small, narrowly elliptical, horizontal cernuous; lid -obliquely rostrate. - -Shady mountainous rocks. VII. VIII. - - - _b._ _Tenellæ._ st. creeping; l. narrowly lanceolate, caps. solid - walled, seta rough or smooth: monoicous. - -468. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) TENELLUM. Dicks. St. and br. very short -creeping; l. erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate acuminate, almost -setaceous, light green, entire, nerved more than half way; caps. ovate -cernuous, on a smooth seta; lid beaked. - -Walls and rocks, principally limestone. X. - -469. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) TEESDALII. Sm. St. slender, creeping; br. -erect; l. sub-complanate, narrowly lanceolate, rigid, slightly serrulate -near apex, broadly nerved nearly to apex; caps. ovate cernuous, on a -rough seta; lid almost as large as caps., beaked. - -Moist shady rocks near waterfalls. III.—VI. - - - _c._ _Depressæ._ Pl. low cæspitose soft; l. broadly oblong, thinly - nerved; seta smooth. - - - * Dioicous. - -470. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) DEPRESSUM. Bruch. St. prostrate pinnate; br. -thickest in middle—both very short; l. complanate crowded ovate-oblong, -slightly concave and finely serrulate, shortly two-nerved; caps. ovate, -curved, cernuous; lid as long as caps. and long beaked. - -Rocks and stones, especially limestone. Spring. - -Caergwrle, N. Wales, Oct., 1871, in fruit (C. L. Higgins.) - - - * * Monoicous. - -471. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) CONFERTUM. Dicks. St. creeping sub-pinnate; br. -erect; l. slightly secund or complanate, ovate-acuminate concave -serrulate, thinly nerved quite or more than half way; caps. ovate-oblong -cernuous; lid short, with a very long curved beak. - -Rocks, walls, trees, &c., frequent. X. - - -472. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) MEGAPOLITANUM. Bland. Much larger than the -last, and remotely branched; st. l. remote, br. l. crowded; lower -oblong-lanceolate, the others more or less sharply acuminate from a -broad ovate base, slightly serrulate, nerved more than half way; caps. -oblong cylindrical incurved, arcuate when dry; lid with a short thick -beak. [Schp. Syn. 469, Bry. Eur. v. t. 511.] - -Sandy shores. Southport, Dublin, Sussex. Spring. - - -473. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) MURALE. Dill. St. short, creeping, with erect -crowded branches; l. closely imbricate, roundish ovate, concave, faintly -serrulate, cucullate at apex, which is slightly mucronate, not -acuminate, nerved half way; caps. ovate, somewhat cernuous; lid -flattish, with a long beak. - -Walls, &c., chiefly limestone. X. - - -474. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) RUSCIFOLIUM. Dill. St. creeping, with long -irregular procumbent branches; l. complanate and sub-secund, ovate, with -a cordate base, serrate, stoutly nerved nearly to apex; caps. shortly -ovate cernuous; lid convex, with a very long beak. - -Rocks and stones in rivulets, frequent. XI. - - - _Sub-genus_ IX. THAMNIUM. Dendroid from a creeping rhizome; l. - sub-complanate, nerved, areolæ minute, quadrate or rhomboid at apex, - narrowly oblong at base; caps. short and sub-arcuate with the seta, - turgidly ovate, lid with a long beak; inner perist. with long - appendiculate cilia. - -475. H. (THAMNIUM) ALOPECURUM. Dill. St. 2–3in. naked below, pinnately -branched above; l. spreading ovate-lanceolate, somewhat concave, -serrate, strongly nerved nearly to apex; caps. shortly ovate, cernuous -or erect, lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous. - -Moist woods, rocks, &c. XI. - - - _Sub-genus_ X. PLAGIOTHECIUM. St. generally prostrate, or partially - erect, branched; l. complanate or secund, thin, silky, nerveless or - shortly two-nerved; areolæ long hexagono-rhomboid; caps. sub-erect or - cernuous, more or less incurved; lid convexo-conical or rostrate; per. - teeth pale thin, internal a membrane with narrowish processes; cilia - none or obscure. - - - A. Per. teeth distantly articulate, without cilia: dioicous. - -476. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) LATEBRICOLA. Bry. Eur. (_Leskea_, Bry. Brit.) -St. short, slender, sparsely branched, sub-erect; l. sub-secund -ovate-lanceolate, tapering acute, entire, slightly concave, decurrent, -faintly two-nerved; margin recurved; caps. elliptic-oblong, turbinate -when dry; lid short, acutely conical. - -Moist shady woods, decaying trunks, and ferns. Winter. - - - B. Per. teeth densely articulate, internal with entire ciliary - processes. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -477. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) PULCHELLUM. Dicks. St. short densely tufted, -sub-erect, br. fastigiate; l. crowded, secund, lanceolate, gradually -tapering from base to apex, entire, generally nerveless; caps. oblong, -sub-erect, curved; lid conical, scarcely beaked. - -Mountainous shady rocks, &c. VI.—X. - - -478. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) MUHLENBECKII. B. &. S. St. short, tufted, -sub-erect, with recurved fasciculate branches; l. complanate, spreading, -deltoid-ovate or sub-cordate, tapering, dark green, finely serrulate, -nerveless, or shortly two-nerved; caps. oblong, slightly inclined, -tapering below, striate when dry; lid short conical. - -Alpine rocks. S. I. VII. - - -479. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) SILESIACUM. Seliger. St. and branches -procumbent, the latter arcuate; l. secund, mostly pointing upwards, -ovate-lanceolate, longer tapering than the last, concave, distinctly -serrulate, slightly and shortly two-nerved; caps. long sub-cylindrical, -not striate when dry, curved, cernuous; lid conical pointed. - -Stems of decaying trees, rocks, &c. IV. V. - -Kent; Yorkshire. - - -480. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) DENTICULATUM. Dill. St. prostrate, with -sub-fasciculate branches; l. complanate, obliquely ovate pointed, -sometimes sub-serrulate at apex, margin recurved below, shortly -two-nerved; caps. oblong, sub-erect; lid acutely conical. - -Sub-alpine woods, banks, wet rocks, &c. Summer. - - var. β. _obtusifolium._ l. elliptical, more or less obtuse, slightly - concave. Alpine rocks. - - γ. _succulentum._ l. with almost plane margins: synoicous. - Todmorden, Warrington. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -481. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) ELEGANS. Hook. St. prostrate, br. distichous, -fasciculate or pinnate; l. complanate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a -slender serrulate point, sometimes oblique, nerveless, or faintly -two-nerved; caps. small ovate elliptical, curved, more or less -pendulous; lid conical, shortly beaked. - -Shady banks and rocks, usually barren. III. IV. - - var. β. _collinum._ “st. erect tufted; l. sub-secund.” - - -482. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) SYLVATICUM. Dill. St. longer, about 1 inch, -decumbent branched; l. sub-complanate, sometimes sub-secund, -ovate-lanceolate, not acuminate, entire, distinctly two-nerved nearly -half way; caps. cylindrical, curved, inclined, or horizontal; lid long, -shortly beaked. - -Roots of trees in woods, &c. IX. - - -483. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) UNDULATUM. Dill. St. and br. procumbent, 2in. or -more; l. complanate, ovate, acute, not acuminate, entire, undulate, -faintly two-nerved, whitish green; caps. cylindrical, tapering at base, -cernuous or horizontal, striate when dry, lid with a short beak. - -Woods and moist places. IV.—VII. - - - _Sub-genus_ XI. AMBLYSTEGIUM. Plants small prostrate, sparingly - branched; l. soft, generally opaque, simply nerved, rarely nerveless; - areolæ hexagono-rhomboidal parenchymatous, or tubular prosenchymatous; - caps. sub-erect or incurvo-cernuous, oval and sub-arcuate cylindrical, - opaque, on a smooth seta; lid large, tumidly conical, obtuse; internal - perist. generally integrate, cilia more or less perfect, rarely none. - - - 1. L. opaque, areolæ all parenchymatous. - - - _a._ Dioicous. - -484. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) SPRUCEI. Bruch. St. short, slender, with few -branches; l. distant narrowly ovate-lanceolate, long pointed, margin -almost entire, concave, nerveless; per. l. larger, with longer points, -distinctly serrulate at apex; caps. erect elliptical, turbinate when -dry, mouth wide; lid long conical pointed. [_Leskea._ Bry. Brit.] - -Shady sub-alpine rocks, rare. Spring (?) - -Teesdale, Todmorden. - - -485. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) ATROVIRENS. Dicks. St. prostrate, irregularly -branched, the latter slightly incurved, rigid, sub-erect; l. imbricate, -somewhat secund, ovate-lanceolate, with long tapering points, margin -recurved below, sub-serrulate above; thickly nerved almost to apex; -“caps. sub-cylindrical short curved and sub-cernuous, lid conical.” - -Alpine rocks, &c., rare in fruit. Scotland. Spring. - - - _b._ Monoicous. - -486. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) CONFERVOIDES. B. & S. St. creeping, very slender, -sub-pinnate, sparingly branched; br. capilliform; l. scattered -sub-secund, more or less spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, -nerveless; per. l. longer, erect; caps. cernuous, oval-oblong, slightly -incurved, pale brown, semi-pellucid; lid convex, obliquely apiculate; -annulus small deciduous. - -Stones in shady places, limestone. Summer. - -Dovedale (Dr. Fraser, 1866); Westmoreland. - - -487. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) SERPENS. Dill. St. creeping, sub-pinnate, with -slender sub-erect branches; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, tapering -into long points, entire, faintly nerved half way, or sometimes nearly -to apex: caps. oblong, cylindrical or obovate, curved, cernuous, reddish -at mouth; lid conical acute. - -Walls, moist banks, trees, &c., common. IV. V. - -488. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) RADICALE. P. Beauv. St. creeping, with sub-erect -rigid branches; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate from a cordate or deltoid -base, twice as large as last, and strongly nerved almost to the long -tapering apex; per. l. larger serrate; seta long (sometimes 2in.); caps. -oblong, much curved, cernuous, not red at mouth; lid conical, with a -short sharp beak. - -Moist ground amongst grass. Wales. IV. V. - - -489. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) IRRIGUUM. Hook. St. procumbent rigid, sometimes -pinnate; l. spreading, secund, gradually tapering to a point from a -deltoid-ovate somewhat decurrent base, sub-serrulate, strongly nerved -nearly to apex; caps. oblong, cernuous, curved, when dry more so, and -contracted at mouth; annulus persistent; lid conical, blunt-pointed. - -Stones in rivulets and streams. IV. - - -490. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) FLUVIATILE. Swartz. St. procumbent, with simple, -prostrate, not rigid branches; l. ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, -entire, concave, strongly nerved almost to apex; caps. slender, -elliptical, elongate, sub-erect, only slightly curved; lid conical. - -Rocks and stones in mountain streams. V. VI. - - - 2. L. areolæ narrow, rhomboido-hexagonal, prosenchymatous at base only, - rectangulo–6–gonal. - -491. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) RIPARIUM. Dill. St. longer, creeping, with -sub-pinnate sub-erect branches; l. spreading, sub-complanate, -ovate-lanceolate entire, nerved two-thirds or more; caps. -oblong-cylindrical curved, cernuous, contracted at mouth when dry; lid -conical pointed. - -Stones, &c., near pools, sometimes in water. V. VI. - - - _Sub-genus_ XII. _eu_-HYPNUM. St. erect or procumbent, sometimes - radiculose and pinnate; l. patent, squarrose, or falcato-secund, nerve -various or none; areolæ narrowly linear,, often dilated, and transparent -at base; caps. incurved cernuous on a smooth seta; lid convexo-conical, - mammillate, rarely rostrate; perist. perfect. - - - _Sect. I._ Branches straggling or sub-pinnate; l. squarrose-divaricate - or stellate and patent. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -492. H. HALLEKI. L. Jun. St. creeping, with pinnate erect branches; l. -crowded lanceolate, recurved from a roundish ovate base, acuminate, -serrulate, almost squarrose, faintly two-nerved at base or nerveless; -caps. oblong curved cernuous; lid conical, blunt. - -Alpine rocks, rare. VIII. - - -493. H. POLYMORPHUM. Hedw. “St. procumbent, branches simple, erect, -slender; l. spreading, almost squarrose, sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, entire, nerveless; caps. oblong, curved, cernuous, lid -conical.” [Bry. Brit.] - -Limestone walls, banks and rocks. V. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -494. H. ELODES. Spruce. St. elongate, slender, with sub-pinnate slender -sub-erect branches: l. distant, spreading; br. l. lanceolate-subulate, -apex almost setaceous, secund; st. l. wider, less secund; all entire, -nerved nearly or quite to apex: caps. cylindrical curved cernuous; lid -conical. - -Wet places and bogs. IV. V. - - [Wilson states the leaves to be sub-denticulate at _base only_, whilst - his figure is evidently _serrulate_ above and entire at base. I - can find no indications of denticulation, even under a ¼inch, - except perhaps an occasional slight protrusion of an odd cell here - and there, but this cannot be called even denticulate.] - - -495. H. CHRYSOPHYLLUM. Brid. St. creeping pinnate; l. almost squarrose -sub-second, from a cordate-ovate base, tapering into long setaceous -points, entire, nerved more than half way, rarely absent; areolæ not -enlarged or diaphanous at base; caps. large cylindrical, curved, -cernuous; lid conical. - -Fallow ground, chalk hills, &c. V.—IX. - - -496. H. STELLATUM. Dill. St. 1–2in. erect, densely tufted: branches -irregular or sub-pinnate, cuspidate; l. squarrose, recurved, rather -suddenly tapering into a long point from a deltoid-ovate base, with a -few large diaphanous cells at basal angles, nerveless, entire; caps. -oblong curved cernuous; lid convex pointed. - -Marshes and bogs. V. VI. - - - _c._ Polygamous. - -497. H. POLYGAMUM. Bry. Eur. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, sub-pinnate; -l. spreading, almost squarrose, ovate-lanceolate, tapering into shorter -points than last two, entire, nerved about half way, areolæ larger at -base; caps. oblong, sub-cernuous, or almost erect; lid conical pointed. - -Wet swampy places. V. - - var. β. _stagnation._ “st. longer, sub-erect, more pinnate; l. with a - longer nerve; seta longer, often 3in. or more.” - - - _Sect. II._ St. pinnately branched; l. falcato-secund, nerve single, - areolæ linear. - - - _a._ Dioicous. - - - † Stems and branches strongly hooked at apex. - -498. H. ADUNCUM. Dill. L.[1] (_H. exannulatum_, Gümb.) St. 2–4in. erect, -sub-pinnate; br. short, simple, few; l. crowded, narrow, falcato-secund, -lanceolate acuminate, striate, faintly sub-serrulate near the base; -nerved nearly to apex; basal cells larger and inflated, gradually -passing into the long narrower ones above; capsule sub-cylindrical, -curved, cernuous, on a seta 1in. long or more. - -Footnote 1: - - This name has been wrongly given to some half-dozen different species; - but I am informed by Dr. Braithwaite (in lit. 29, Mch. 1872), that he - has recently consulted the original specimen of Dillenius on which - Linnæus founded the species, and from his examination the synonymy of - this group must be altered as above. The diagnoses of this and the - next four species are from his pen; the name _aduncum_ should be - retained as being older than _exannulatum_. - -Marshes and marshy heaths. IV. V. - - -499. H. KNEIFFII. B. & S. (_H. aduncum_, Hedw. Stirpes, IV., t. 24, and -Schp.) St. 2–6in. long, erect, sub-pinnate; l. falcato-secund, somewhat -distant, lanceolate acuminate, occasionally faintly sub-serrulate near -the base, thinly nerved two-thirds the length, not striate, basal angles -decurrent excavate, of lax sub-quadrate cells, those above elongate -rectangular; caps. cylindrical oblong arcuate, broadly annulate. - -Swamps and marshes. VI. - -500. H. SENDTNERI. Schpr. (_H. aduncum_, ε _hamatum_ and ζ _giganteum_, -Bry. Eur.) St. 3–6in. simple, pinnate; l. falcato-secund, broadly -oblong-lanceolate, hooked above, distinctly auricled at sub-decurrent -angles, glossy, lightly sulcate only when dry, nerve vanishing below -apex; basal cells rectangular, hyaline, yellowish, at angles -brownish-yellow lax; caps. ovate-oblong, erect at base, arcuate. - -Bogs. Scotland, and near Birmingham. - - var. β. _Wilsoni._ St. very tall, sometimes 1ft., yellow green, with - slender, nearly simple branches; l. larger, with a filiform - acumen, auricles very small. - - -501. H. VERNICOSUM. Lindb. 1861. (_H. pellucidum_, Wils. MS.; _H. -aduncum_, var. _tenue_, Bry. Brit.) St. erect, rather rigid, pinnate; l. -shorter falcato-secund, the apical ones involute, ovate, -oblong-lanceolate, distinctly sulcate, neither auricled nor decurrent, -very glossy, yellow green, nerve vanishing far below apex; cells very -narrow, vermicular, purplish at base; caps. oblong cernuous, arcuate. - -Wybunbury Bog, Cheshire. - - -502. H. INTERMEDIUM. Lindb. (_H. Cossoni_, Schpr.) In habit like _H. -Sendtneri_, var. β. St. elongate, flexuoso-erect, interruptedly pinnate; -branches very unequal; l. falcato-secund, ovate-oblong, becoming -lanceolate, not furrowed, with minute decurrent auricles, nerve -vanishing far below apex; cells very narrow vermicular opaque; outer -per. l. squarrose; fr. as in _Sendtneri_. - -Bogs, frequent. - - - † † Brandies and stems scarcely hooked. - -503. H. LYCOPODIOIDES. Neck. St. about 2in. erect, sub-pinnate, rather -rigid; l. falcato-secund, ovate-acuminute, tapering to an acute point, -but not apiculate, concave, entire, nerved nearly to apex, not striate; -caps. oblong cernuous, lid conical. - -Bogs and marshes: fr. rare. V. - - var. β. _falcatum._ l. more crowded, more falcate, nerve stronger. Near - Copgrove, Yorkshire. - - - _b._ Monoicous. - -504. H. FLUITANS. Dill. St. 6–12in. erect or floating, pinnate, slender; -branches short deflexed; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate, tapering from an -ovate base, acuminate, slightly serrulate near apex, thinly nerved more -than half way, areolæ enlarged at base; caps. small oblong curved -sub-cernuous, on a very long seta; lid conical, acute. - -Marshes, bogs, &c. IV. V. - - -505. H. REVOLVENS. Swartz. St. 2–4in. erect or procumbent, sub-pinnate; -l. crowded circinnate falcate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, -serrulate near apex, deep red or purplish; nerve stronger, more than -half way; areolæ not enlarged at base; caps. oblong cernuous, on a -shorter seta; lid conical acute. - -Bogs and marshes. IV. V. - - -506. H. UNCINATUM. Hall. St. about 2in. slender, erect or procumbent, -sub-pinnate; l. circinnate secund, very narrow, lanceolate, setaceous -from a broader base, plicate, serrulate, nerved nearly to apex; caps. -cylindrical, curved, cernuous, lid conical. - -Sub-alpine walls and rocks. V. VI. - - - _Sect. III._ St. regularly pinnate, radiculose, tomentose; l. thickly - nerved, opaque; caps. sub-arcuate. - -507. H. COMMUTATUM. Dill. St. 4in. or more, procumbent; br. about -½in.—both more or less uncinate; radicles brownish; l. circinnate, -secund, tapering to a slender long point from an ovate base, plicate, -twisted when dry, finely serrulate, nerved more than half way, areolæ -narrow; caps. large oblong, lid conical: dioicous. - -Wet shady places. IV. - - -508. H. SULCATUM. Schpr. Loosely cæspitose; st. rigid, without radicles, -sub-pinnate; l. partly broadly elongate-lanceolate, partly sharply -lanceolate from broadly ovate base, all reflexed hamulose; nerve strong. -[Schp. Syn. 699.] - -Mountainous places. Ben Lawers, July, 1865 (G. E. Hunt.) - - -509. H. FALCATUM. Brid. (_H. commutatum_ var. _condensatum_, Bry. Brit.) -St. 2–3in. cæspitose, erect, sparingly branched; l. as in _commutatum_, -but less circinnate and more rigid, undulate, nerved nearly to apex; -capsule small, curved cernuous. [Bry. Eur. VI., 607. Schp. Syn., 613.] - -Sub-alpine places and bogs. V. VI. - - -510. H. FILICINUM. Dill. St. 2–4in. sub-erect, slender, pinnate, with -purplish radicles; l. spreading, falcato-secund, st. l. deltoid-ovate, -tapering; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all serrulate, scarcely twisted when -dry, nerved to or beyond apex; areolæ oval, rather large, larger -rhomboid and pellucid at base; caps. oblong curved, cernuous, lid -conical acute: dioicous. - -Marshes, wet rocks. IV. - - var. β. _vallisclausæ._ Brid. l. sub-secund, nerve very strong and - excurrent. Ormeshead; Derbyshire. - - - _Sect. IV._ St. robust, without radicles, irregularly pinnate; l. - scariose, shining, strongly rugose; areolæ vermicular above, the rest - small quadrate; caps. sub-arcuate, lid rostrate, annulus broad. - -511. H. RUGOSUM. Dill. St. 2–3in. rigid, erect, densely tufted; br. -recurved; l. crowded, falcato-secund, serrulate and recurved at margin, -lanceolate acuminate from a broad base, rugose at back, nerved more than -half way; caps. sub-cylindrical curved, pale reddish brown; lid large -yellowish, with an oblique beak: dioicous. - -Limestone and other rocks; barren in England. Spring (?) - - - _Sect. V._ St. creeping, cæspitose, pinnate, l. curved secund, areolæ - loosely rhomboid; caps. incurved cernuous, compressed below mouth when - dry. - -512. H. INCURVATUM. Brid. St. short slender, branches curved upwards; l. -ovate-lanceolate, tapering, all pointing upwards, entire, shortly -two-nerved; caps. small, ovate, horizontal; lid short, conical, acute: -monoicous. - -Shady walls and stones. VI. VII. - - - _Sect. VI._ St. more or less regularly pinnate; l. falcato-secund, two - or singly nerved, or nerveless, areolæ narrowly linear, quadrate at - basal angles; caps. sub-cylindrical incurved; lid large, shortly - rostellate. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -513. H. BREADALBANENSE. Buchanan White. “St. procumbent or sub-erect, -covered with villi; vaguely pinnate; l. secund ovate-lanceolate concave, -nerve strong single, reaching about half way, margin of base slightly -recurved; sub-denticulate.” - -Breadalbane Mts. and Ben Lawers 1865 (Dr. F. B. White). Fruit not known. - - -514. H. HAMULOSUM. Frölich (?) St. 1in. or more, procumbent pinnate; br. -hooked at apex; l. circinnate-secund, much curved, tapering into a long -slender sub-serrulate point from an ovate-lanceolate base, nerveless; -caps. sub-cylindrical curved, tapering at base, lid conical pointed: - -Alpine grassy declivities. Summer. - - var. β. _micranthum._ smaller, l. shorter pointed, and faintly - two-nerved; caps. more oval, with an obtuse lid. Ben Lawers, - &c. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -515. H. RUPESTRE. Buchanan White. St. procumbent, covered with very -short villi, irregularly pinnate; l. strongly falcato-secund, lanceolate -acuminate from a wide base, much curved; obscurely two-nerved, margin -plane, scarcely denticulate. - -Ben Lawers, August, 1865. - - Fr. unknown. - -516. H. BAMBERGERI. B. & S. Rather small dense tufts, yellowish green -above, passing to yellow-fuscous at base; st. without radicles or villi, -sub-pinnate, br. few fastigiate; l. densely crowded secund, strongly -circinnate, ovate-lanceolate elongate, entire, with a long point, -faintly two-nerved, one usually larger than the other; alar cells few, -rather obscure, yellow, upper linear elongate; fr. not known. - -Near summit of Ben Lawers, July, 1867 (Dr. Fraser). - - -517. H. IMPONENS. Hedw. Cæspitose, sub-pinnate, l. imbricate, circinnate -secund, filiform from a broad ovate-oblong base, margin reflexed below, -and minutely serrate, obsoletely two-nerved; br. l. much narrower, and -at apex of br. convolute, and hamato-incurved; per. l. nerveless -filiform flexuose apiculate; caps. sub-erect cylindrical incurved; lid -convexo-conical, acutely pointed yellowish, annulus broad. [Bry. Eur. -VI., 597. Schp. Syn. 625.] - -Woods and stony ground. Autumn. - -Reigate Heath (Mr. Mitten), 1864. - - -518. H. CUPRESSIFORME. Dill. St. about 1in. procumbent; l. -falcato-secund, pointing downwards, sharply acuminate from an -ovate-lanceolate base, slightly serrulate, nerveless or faintly -two-nerved; per. l. erect, almost piliferous; caps. sub-cylindrical -cernuous, curved, lid conical, cuspidate. - -Walls, rocks, trunks of trees, &c. XI. XII. - - var. β. _compressum._ st. slender pinnate, reddish, with compressed - foliage; l. pale green, serrulate at apex; seta long slender; - caps. short, elliptic oblong. - - γ. _minus._ pinnate; br. slender: l. narrow, falcate serrulate, - margin recurved, caps. small erect. Trunks of trees. - - δ. _filiforme._ br. prostrate, filiform, slender; l. falcate, - serrulate; caps. short; lid with a shorter point. Rocks. - Killarney, &c. - - ε. _lacunosum._ more robust; br. thickened; l. larger - sub-coriaceous, yellowish brown. - - ζ. _longisetum._ slender, l. pale, serrulate; seta elongate, caps. - short ovate. - - θ. _mammillatum._ caps. with a short conical or mammillate lid. - - -519. H. RESUPINATUM. Wils. St. creeping, sub-pinnate; l. erecto-patent, -secund, pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a point, entire, -nerveless; caps. oblong erect, almost symmetrical; lid with an oblique -beak. - -Walls, rocks, trees, &c. X. XII. - - -520. H. LINDBERGH. Mitt. Jour, of Bot. I., p. 123. (_H. pratense_, Bry. -Brit. 399.) “St. sparingly branched in an irregular manner, without any -appearance of becoming pinnate; l. loosely compressed ovate or -ovate-lanceolate, acute, but with a broad point,[2] margins entire, -nerveless; cells at angles enlarged and pale; caps., according to -Lindberg, is on a rather thick seta 1in. long, turgid ovate, when dry -plicate.” - -Footnote 2: - - Some of the leaves, even on authenticated specimens, have longer and - narrower points (acuminate), but in no case that I have seen are they - denticulate. - -“Damp sandy ground among thin grass, not in bogs. The fr. has been -gathered once by Dr. Klingraff in June, in W. Prussia.” - - “_H. pratense_ differs from above in its irregularly pinnate stems, - more compressed foliage, l. lanceolate with a narrow point denticulate - at apex, and the enlarged basal cells of same colour; not found in - Britain.” - - -521. H. ARCUATUM. Lindb. (_H. pratense_, var. β. Bry. Brit.) “L. more -falcato-secund, scarcely complanate.” - -Clay soils, common. - - - _Sect. VII._ Prostrate or ascending, rooting, regularly pinnate; l. - hamate, circinnato-secund; caps. cernuous, solid, lid convexo-conical. - -522. H. MOLLUSCUM. Dill. St. soft, 1–2in. sub-erect; l. circinnate -secund; st. l. cordate; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all tapering acuminate, -striate, serrulate, and faintly two-nerved, crisped when dry; caps. -ovate, horizontal; lid conical, large, sharply pointed. - -Moist banks and limestone rocks, common. XI. - - - _Sect. VIII._ St. erect, rigid, villose, regularly pinnate; l. hamate; - caps. oblong, incurved, solid. - -523. H. CRISTA-CASTRENSIS. L. St. sub-erect, 3–4in. pectinate; st. l. -ovate-acuminate, br. l. narrowly lanceolate acuminate, strongly striate, -serrulate near apex—all circinnato-secund, faintly two-nerved, margin -reflexed; caps. oblong curved, cernuous, lid conical, pointed; dioicous. - -Woods and alpine rocks. VII. VIII. - - -_Sect. IX._ St. soft cæspitose, prostrate, branched; l. falcato-secund, - rarely spreading, faintly nerved; areolæ linear; per. l. long, deeply - sulcate; caps. incurved cernuous, lid convexo-conical or mammillate. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -524. H. PALUSTRE. Dill. St. creeping; br. ascending, crowded, curved, -cuspidate and convolute at apex; l. generally secund, sometimes almost -falcate, elliptic-entire, strongly concave, pointed; either nerveless, -shortly two-nerved or singly nerved half way; per. l. erect, distinctly -striate; caps. ovate, slightly curved; cernuous; lid conical, pointed. - -Stones and rocks in streams. V. - - var. β. l. imbricate, not secund. - - γ. _subsphœricarpon._ l. strongly nerved nearly to apex; caps. - roundish ovate, tumid. - - -525. H. DILATATUM. Wils. (_H. molle_, Bry. Eur.) Plant of somewhat firm -growth; l. rotundo-ovate, rather concave, suddenly apiculate, texture -very close, areolæ long and very narrow; nerve double, short slender, -but well defined (_fide_ G. E. Hunt). Caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid -conical. - -At a low elevation. N. Wales, Yorkshire, Berkshire, Clova, Braemar. - - -526. H. MOLLE, Dicks. (_H. alpestre_ (?) Bry. Eur., non Swartz.) Very -weak and flaccid, the tufts falling to pieces on removal from the water; -l. varying from ovate to rotundo-ovate, flat, or sometimes very slightly -reflexed towards apex, gradually tapering upwards, or very rarely -suddenly apiculate; texture somewhat loose, areolæ larger and wider than -in last; nerve rather long and thick, ill-defined, single or double -(_fide_ G. E. Hunt). Caps. as above. - -Great elevations. Ben-mac-Dhui, Ben Nevis. - - [The above two diagnoses are from a paper by Mr. G. E. Hunt, on - Perthshire and Braemar Mosses in Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. and - Manchester, 1868–9, p. 320.] - -527. H. ARCTICUM. Sommerfelt. St. 1–2in. creeping; br. elongate, simple, -obtuse; l. spreading, green above, purplish below, small, broadly ovate -or roundish, somewhat obtuse, entire, strongly two-nerved about half -way, sometimes nerves blended into one; caps. ovate, cernuous, tapering -into the seta; lid conical. - -Alpine rivulets. VI. - - -528. H. EUGYRIUM. Schpr. St. short, much branched; l. crowded, st. l. -drooping on two sides, broadly oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate; br. -l. flexuoso-falcate, plano-concave, elongate-lanceolate narrower, -serrulate at apex; nerve thin, unequally bifid; areolæ vermicular -excavate, fulvous, and rectangular at the decurrent angles; per. l., -external spreading, internal erect, longly lanceolate, with erose -apices; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous, turgid, lid mammillate; annulus -broadly bi-triseriate. [Bry. Eur. VI., t. 579. Schp. Syn., 639.] - -Stones in waterfalls. Summer. - -N. Wales, Devonshire, Killarney. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -529. H. OCHRACEUM. Turn. St. 2–4in., tufted filiform, sub-erect, -sparingly branched; l. yellowish green sub-secund, sometimes falcate, -distant, ovate-lanceolate, pointed, concave, nerve forked, extending -half way; per. l. squarrose recurved; caps. oblong, tapering at base, -cernuous; lid conical. - -Stones in alpine and sub-alpine streams, &c. V. VI. - - -_Sect. X._ Erect or procumbent, stem simple or more or less pinnate; l. - patent, rarely sub-complanate, or sub-secund, thinly single-nerved, or -shortly two-nerved, shining; areolæ linear; caps. incurved cernuous; lid - mammillate or convexo-conical. - - 1. St. more or less regularly pinnate; l. patent or loosely imbricate. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -530. H. CORDIFOLIUM. Swartz. Bright green above, reddish brown below; -st. 3–6in. erect, sub-pinnate; br. short slender; l. spreading, almost -squarrose, convolute and cuspidate at tip of branches, distant, -cordate-ovate, obtuse, or slightly apiculate, concave entire, strongly -nerved almost to apex; cells scarcely enlarged at base; caps. oblong, -suddenly horizontal, not tapering at base; lid conical. - -Marshes and ditches. IV. V. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -531. H. GIGANTEUM. Schp. St. erect, thick, often 1ft. long, densely -pinnate; st. l. patent, broadly cordate-ovate, strongly nerved to apex; -cells linear, excavate and quadrate at basal angles; br. l. lingulate -narrow, terminal ones twisted and subulate; per. l. oblong-lanceolate; -caps. oblong-cylindrical, sub-incurved, horizontal, on a long seta; -annulus none; lid mammillate. [Schp. Syn. 642.] - -Marshes. Hale Moss and Wybunbury Bog. Summer. - - -532. H. SARMENTOSUM. Wahl. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, sub-pinnate; -br. short cuspidate; foliage red or purplish; l. much crowded, -sub-erect, elliptic-oblong, scarcely pointed, concave, entire, nerved -almost to apex; areolæ large, quadrate and pellucid at basal angles; -caps. ovate-oblong, cernuous. - -Wet alpine rocks. Spring (?) - -533. H. CUSPIDATUM. Dill. St. 2–6in. erect, pinnate; terminal foliage -cuspidate; l. spreading, almost squarrose, when young erect appressed -and convolute; ovate, obtuse, entire, nerveless or shortly two-nerved; -cells enlarged and pellucid at basal angles; caps. oblong, much curved, -tapering below; lid conical acute. - -Marshes. V. VI. - - -534. H. SCHREBERI. Dill. St. 4–6in. erect, pinnate, deep red, with -slender curved branches, somewhat cuspidate at summit; l. convolute, -afterwards erecto-patent, elliptical, concave, obtuse, shortly -two-nerved; cells enlarged at basal angles; caps. ovate-oblong curved -cernuous; lid conical, pointed. - -Woods and shady banks. X. XI. - - -535. H. PURUM. Dill. St. 4–6in., not coloured, erect, pinnate; br. -slightly curved, not cuspidate at apex; l. closely imbricate, broadly -elliptical, concave, with recurved points, almost boat-shaped, entire, -nerved half way; caps. ovate, suddenly horizontal; lid conical. - -Shady banks. X. XI. - - - 2. St. almost simple, or sparingly branched; l. closely imbricate when - dry: dioicous. - -536. H. STRAMINEUM. Dicks. St. 2–4in. erect, filiform, with few erect -branches; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, entire, concave, -thinly nerved nearly to apex; cells enlarged quadrate and pellucid at -basal angles; caps. small, ovate, curved, cernuous; lid short, conical. - -Marshes amongst _Sphagnum_; rare in fr. IV. V. - - -537. H. TRIFARIUM. W. & M. St. 2–3in. erect or trailing, sparingly -branched; l. very closely imbricate, fragile when dry; generally but not -always trifarious, roundish obtuse, inflated, entire, nerved almost to -apex; caps. oval-oblong, curved, cernuous; lid conical. - -Alpine bogs and turfy rills. VI. (?) - - - _Sect. XI._ Fastigiate, sparingly branched; l. imbricate secund, - ventricose, faintly nerved. - -538. H. SCORPIOIDES. Dill. St. 3–4in. erect or procumbent, irregularly -pinnate; branches short; l. crowded, imbricate, falcato-secund, large, -roundish ovate, ventricose, apiculate, entire, nerveless or faintly and -shortly two-nerved, purplish brown or lurid; caps. short oblong curved, -tumid, cernuous, on a long seta; lid conical, pointed. - -Bogs. V. - - - _Sub-genus_ XIII. HYLOCOMIUM. St. woody, pinnate or bipinnate, or - sparingly branched; l. scariose, shining, sulcate, thinly two-nerved, -without radicles; cells narrow, linear, broader at base; caps. ovate or - ovate-globose, coriaceous, lid mammillate, perist. large, perfect. - - - _a._ irregularly bi-tripinnate, l. loosely imbricate; lid rostrate. - -539. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) SPLENDENS. Dill. St. 2–6in., erect or procumbent, -interruptedly bi-tripinnate, villous, reddish; fol. reddish or fulvous -green; st. l. roundish elliptical, with long wavy points; br. l. with a -short point or muticous—all imbricate concave serrate, shortly -two-nerved, margin recurved below; caps. ovate, curved, cernuous; lid -convex, tapering into a long beak: dioicous. - -Grassy banks, woods, &c. IV. - - - _b._ irregularly pinnate, l. patent, lid mammillate or shortly beaked. - -540. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) UMBRATUM. Ehrh. St. arched, sub-erect, with -branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; l. yellowish green, glossy, -cordate acuminate, serrate, plicato-striate, nerve unequally bifurcate; -caps. short, roundish, obovate, curved, cernuous; lid conical, acute: -dioicous. - -Alpine woods on stones. XI. - - -541. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) OAKESII. Sulliv. St. arched, irregularly and -distantly pinnate, with branched villi; l. larger, elliptical, concave, -not cordate, plicato-striate, serrate, and sharply acuminate, singly -nerved half way or shortly two-nerved, margin recurved; per. l. -squarrose; caps. roundish ovate, gibbous above, cernuous; lid conical, -shortly beaked: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks. Autumn (?) - - -542. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) BREVIROSTRE. Ehrh. St. 2–6in. arched, erect, with -branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; st. l. distant, almost squarrose, -plicato-striate, cordate, and suddenly acuminate; br. l. -ovate-acuminate, not so suddenly acuminate, striate—all serrulate and -two-nerved half way; caps. roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, -tapering into a rather long inclined beak: dioicous. - -Mountainous woods. X. XI. - - - _c._ L. squarrose. - -543. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) SQUARROSUM. Dill. St. 2–3in. reddish, slender, more -or less erect, irregularly pinnate; br. drooping; st. l. squarrose, -recurved, ovate, gradually tapering and very acute, faintly striate -below; br. l. narrower, less recurved, and squarrose—all serrulate and -shortly two-nerved: caps. roundish ovate, drooping; lid conical, with a -short sharp point: dioicous. - -Banks and woods. XI. - - -544. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) TRIQUETRUM. Dill. St. 6in. or more, rigid, reddish, -erect, sub-pinnate; br. long straggling; st. l. squarrose or sub-secund, -striate; br. l. spreading, scarcely striate—all triangular acuminate -from a cordate, amplexicaul base, serrulate and two-nerved half way; -caps. roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, acute: dioicous. - -Woods, &c. XI. - - - _d._ L. secund, or falcato-secund. - -545. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) LOREUM. Dill. St. 6–12in. slender, erect, or -procumbent, more or less pinnate; br. drooping straggling; l. squarrose, -recurved, more or less secund at summit of stem and branches, -ovate-lanceolate, with a long acumen, not cordate or amplexicaul; -plicato-striate below; shortly and faintly two-nerved, sometimes -nerveless; caps. small roundish ovate; lid conical, sharply pointed: -dioicous. - -Mountainous woods. XI. - - - 84. OMALIA. BRID. - -546. O. TRICHOMANOIDES. Dill. St. about 1in. irregularly pinnate; l. -crowded, sub-secund, complanate, oval, serrulate at obtuse rounded apex, -faintly nerved half way; caps. small sub-cylindrical, sub-erect, lid -with an oblique beak. - -Trunks of trees and shady rocks. X. XI. - - - 85. NECKERA. Hedwig. - -547. N. COMPLANATA. Bry. Eur. St. 1–2in. pinnate; br. short crowded -attenuate; l. complanate, not undulate, obliquely ovate-oblong, suddenly -apiculate from broadish apex, faintly and shortly two-nerved; caps. -roundish elliptical, tapering below, erect; lid large, obliquely -rostrate: dioicous. - -Trunks of trees, walls, &c. X.—XII. - - -548. N. CRISPA. Dill. St. 4–6in. pinnate, from a creeping rhizome; l. -complanate, undulate, ovate-oblong or ovate-ligulate, somewhat obtuse -and pointed, serrulate at apex, faintly and shortly two-nerved or singly -nerved half way; caps. roundish ovate erect; lid with a long oblique -beak: dioicous. - -Mountainous rocks, trees. XI.—IV. - - -549. N. PUMILA. Huds. St. 1–2in. sub-pinnate, with slender flagellæ and -short complanate branches; l. complanate undulate, ovate-oblong, -tapering, apiculate or acuminate, somewhat concave, serrulate, margin -recurved, shortly two-nerved or nerveless; caps. elliptical, erect, on a -very short seta; lid with a short beak: dioicous. - -Trunks of trees and rocks. X. XI. - - -550. N. PHILIPPEANA. Schp. Primary stem creeping densely pinnate, -secondary ascending remotely pinnate; l. densely imbricate, complanate, -strongly and elegantly undulate, ovate-lanceolate, sharply narrowed into -a longer or shorter flexuose apiculus, nerveless; areolæ small linear. -[Bry. Eur. V. 445. Schp. Syn. 471.] Possibly only a variety of _N. -pumila_. - -Bark of a young ash tree, Valley of Hirnant, Bala, N. Wales (Rev. H. H. -Higgins), July, 1872, barren; Scotland. - - -551. N. PENNATA. Hall. St. 2in. pinnate, with complanate longer -branches; l. complanate undulate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a -slightly serrulate point, otherwise entire, nerveless, or sometimes -shortly and faintly two-nerved; caps. oblong or oval immersed, lid with -a short oblique beak: monoicous. - -Trunks of trees, rare. Spring. - - - 86. HOOKERIA. SMITH. - -552. H. LUCENS. Dill. St. 1–3in. procumbent, with irregular complanate -branches; l. complanate, large roundish ovate, obtuse, entire, -nerveless; areolæ large, hexagonal, pellucid; caps. roundish elliptical, -almost pendulous; lid conical, suddenly tapering into a long straight -beak: monoicous. - -Moist banks, stones in streams, &c. XI. XII. - - -553. H. LÆTEVIRENS. H. & T. St. shorter and more slender, procumbent, -sub-pinnate; l. complanate, loosely imbricate, smaller, ovate, suddenly -and shortly acuminate, with a thickened border; doubly nerved above half -way, serrulate at apex; areolæ smaller, hexagonal; caps. smaller, -drooping, roundish, elliptical; lid as above: monoicous. - -Caves, wet rocks, and by rivulets. XI. XII. - - - 87. DALTONIA. HOOKER & TAYLOR. - -554. D. SPLACHNOIDES. H. & T. St. ¼in. tufted, erect, br. fastigiate; l. -crowded, sub-erect, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly keeled, -entire, nerve vanishing below apex; per. l. small ovate; caps. small -oval-oblong, sub-erect, lid large, with a long straight beak. - -Sub-alpine moist shady rocks and trees, rare. X. XI. - - - 88. CRYPHÆA. MOHR. - -555. C. HETEROMALLA. Dill. St. 1in. decumbent, sparingly branched, -sub-pinnate; l. spreading, imbricate, slightly recurved, broadly ovate, -pointed, concave, thickly nerved nearly to apex; per. l. elliptic, with -an excurrent nerve; caps. oblong immersed, appearing secund; lid -conical, pointed: synoicous. - -Trunks of trees. - - var. β. _aquatilis._ st. elongate, l. roundish ovate obtuse; stones in - running streams, or trees. - - - 89. FONTINALIS. DILL. - -556. F. ANTIPYRETICA. L. St. very long, often 1ft., with long spreading -branches; l. ovate-lanceolate, very concave, keeled, nerveless, all on -each branch with one margin reflexed on the same side, the other plane, -sometimes serrulate near apex; caps. oval or ovate, immersed; lid long -conical acute. - -Streams and stagnant water. VI. VII. - - -557. F. SQUARROSA. L. St. shorter, but elongate; br. numerous, crowded -fasciculate, not spreading; l. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, concave, -not keeled, margin not reflexed, nerveless, entire; caps. similar to -last. - -Mountain rivulets. VI. VII. - - - 90. DICHELYMA. MYRIN. - -558. D. CAPILLACEUM. Dicks. St. 3–6in. slender, brittle, with a few -distichous spreading branches; l. erecto-patent, secund, -subulate-setaceous, keeled, with a long excurrent nerve; per. l. long -convolute, nerveless; caps. short oval, almost immersed; lid large -conical, beaked. - -Alpine rivulets. Summer. - - - - - APPENDIX. - - - I. ADDITIONAL SPECIES. - -SPHAGNUM LARICINUM. Spruce. (_S. neglectum_, Angst.) St. 4–6in. solid, -_the bark_ pale, of 2–3 layers of cells. Br. fascicles more or less -crowded, of 3–4 br., of which one or two are divergent, the others -pendent, but not appressed nor acute. St. l. small ovate, cucullate at -apex, at last minutely fimbriate, patent or reflexed; basal cells -hyaline utricular, the middle and lateral very narrow, the apical -rhomboid, with scarcely any fibres or pores; br. l. sub-secund, recurved -at point, ovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the point with 3–5 -teeth, margin recurved above, rather broadly bordered; hyaline cells -serpentine elongate, with many threads and pores; caps. scarcely -exserted. [Dr. Braithwaite, Monthly Micros. Jour., 1872, p. 159.] - -Deep bogs. - -Terrington Carr, Yorkshire, 1846 (Spruce); Holyhead (Wilson); Braemar, -1868 (Hunt). - -DICRANUM UNDULATUM. Ehr. St. naked and decumbent at base; l. patulous, -upper falcato-secund or appressed and slightly secund from a broad -oblong base, lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a dagger-shaped point -ending somewhat abruptly in the acute apex, beautifully undulate in the -upper half, carinate; margin revolute below, coarsely serrate above with -spinulose irregular teeth; nerve flattened, narrow and extended to apex, -narrowly two-winged and _serrate_ at back; cells elongate oblong or -elongate hexagonal, those of central base sub-quadrate and hyaline. [Dr. -Braithwaite, in _Grevillea_, i., 108.] - -Stockton Forest, near York, 1842 (Spruce); again 1872 (Mr. Anderson). It -has doubtless been frequently overlooked or mistaken for _D. scoparium_ -or _D. Bonjeanii_ (_palustre_). - -BRYUM (WEBERA) BREIDLERI. Juratzka. Dioicous. St. 1½in. reddish brown -and procumbent below, light green above, l. ovate, decurrent, -erecto-patent, concave, serrate towards apex, margin recurved, thinly -nerved nearly to apex, areolæ narrow elongate, upper acute at both ends, -lower quadrate; male fl. terminal discoid, outer perig. l. spreading -elliptic-lanceolate, saccate at base, margin strongly recurved, apex -cucullate serrate; inner obovate, suddenly acuminate; perich. l. -linear-lanceolate, strongly nerved; caps. oval pendulous, glaucous green -when young, pale reddish brown when ripe, on a slender seta geniculate -at base. [Hunt. Mem. Lit. and Phil. Soc., Manchr., 1871–2, p. 101.] - -Wet _debris_ of slaty rocks near springs. VII. VIII. - -Glen Callater, Loch-na-gar, Carnlochan Glen (Hunt). - -BRYUM. (WEBERA) SCHIMPERI. Wils. (_non_ Bry. Eur.) L. more rigid, erect, -narrow, lanceolate, less decurrent, nerve stronger, continued almost to -apex; areolæ a little longer and more obscure. [Hunt, l. c.] - -_Debris_ of micaceous rock. VII. - -Ben Lawers, Perthshire Mts., Snowdon. - - - II. ALTERATIONS OF NOMENCLATURE, AND SYNONYMS. - -No. 54. _W. truncicola_ De Not. = - -DICRANUM MONTANUM. Hedw. “Having shown the specimen to Prof. Lindberg -during his recent visit, he informed me that he was under the impression -that Juratzka had referred it to _Dic. montanum_; and on comparing the -two I find they are truly identical. The species is, however, none the -less an addition to our flora.... its place will be next to _D. -strictum._” [Dr. Braithwaite, in _Grevillea_ i., p. 75.] - -No. 71. _Dicranum polycarpum._ β. _strumiferum_ = ONCOPHORUS STRUMIFER. -Brid. - - - ONCOPHORUS. BRID. - - L. spreading flexuose from a sub-decurrent base; caps. cernuous - incurved, neck shortly and widely strumose, not striate. - -O. STRUMIFER. Brid. “This is again restored to the rank of a species, as -it differs from _O. polycarpus (Dicranum)_ in the caps. being more or -less cernuous, constantly strumose at base, with a compound annulus, and -in the leaves having papillæ only on the upper surface.” [Dr. -Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. VIII. 228.] - - -84. DICRANUM HETEROMALLUM. δ. _sericeum._ - -Add as a synonym, _Dicranodontium sericeum_. Schp. - - -85. _D. Starkii._ β. _molle_ = - -D. ARCTICUM. Schp. Its general appearance better distinguishes it from -_D. Starkii_ than its microscopical characters. It is _quite erect_, -growing in large loose patches, stems 3–4in., elastic, very robust; -foliage of a fine purplish brown colour; leaf wider below, and more -suddenly contracted upwards, with a thinner nerve; fruits earlier. -[Hunt. l. c. p. 321.] - -Ben-mac-dhui and Ben Nevis. - - -92. D. CIRCINNATUM. Wils. - -Add as synonyms _Dicranodontium aristatum_. Schp. _D. asperulum._ Mitt. - -96. D. PALUSTRE. Brid. Dr. Braithwaite points out in _Grevillea_ I., -109, that La Pylaie’s specimens of this moss (Bridel Bryol. Univ. I. -814) belong to _Campylopus flexuosus_, as shewn by De Notaris in his -Epil. Bryol. Ital.; and that hence the name D. BONJEANII, De Not. is to -be preferred. The synonymy would then stand:— - - -96. D. BONJEANII. De Not. Syllab. Muse. 213 (1838); Muell. Synopsis I., -369 (1849). _D. palustre._ Bry. Eur. and Bry. Brit., p. 79 (_non_ -Bridel.) _D. undulatum._ Turn. Musc. Hib. - -The following amended diagnosis of this species is from the same author -(in _Grev._ i., 109):—“Seta solitary; st. erect; l. more or less -erecto-patent, straight, from a broad linear flat base, broadly -oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a strap-shaped point, -tapering into an acute apex, lightly undulate above, canaliculate; -margin acutely serrate above, teeth uniform in shape and direction; -nerve very narrow, vanishing below apex, _smooth_ at back; basal cells -short quadrate, brownish, above elongate hexagonal or parallelogramic, -uppermost elliptic-oblong.” - - -361. _E. minimum_, Hunt. is now ascertained to be SPLACHNOBRYUM -WRIGHTII, Muell., and can hardly be considered as indigenous, “for the -spores have most probably been mixed with soil attached to some exotic, -and thus accidentally scattered on the wall where it was -found.”—[Braithwaite.] - - -SPLACHNOBRYUM. C. Muell. Verhand. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 1869. p. 501. - -“Calyp. dimidiate, enclosing the whole theca and embracing spirally the -upper part of the seta, cleft at side, smooth, fugacious. Perist. -simple, arising below mouth of caps., teeth 16 very narrow, -linear-lanceolate acicular, with the articulations remote. Columella -immersed. Dioicous, male fl. gemmaceous, without paraphyses. Plants -small slender, with distant spathulate leaves.” - - -S. WRIGHTII. Muell. l. c. (_Entosthodon minimus_, Hunt. l. c. -_Amblyphyllum Hibernicum_, Lindb. MS.) - -“St. ¼–⅓in. simple sub-flexuose, pale red, slightly radiculose; l. -bright green distant (base narrow, slightly decurrent), patent, -flattish, obovate or spathulate, rounded at apex, margin reflexed below, -entire or minutely serrulate in male, crenulate above in female plant, -nerve thick, prominent at back, vanishing below apex; cells large lax, -pellucid, smooth, incrassate, rhombo-rectangular at base, rhomboidal -above, smaller and nearly circular at margin; caps. erect, obconical at -base, sub-cylindrical, wide-mouthed, pale brown; seta slender, twisted -to left; lid conical acute.” [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c.] - - - III. ERRATA. - - p. 57. Head line, “c” inverted. - - „ 71. line 9, for “obtuse,” read “acute.” - - „ 81. line 5 from bottom, specific name should begin with a capital - M. - - „ 99. for “TETRADONTIUM” read “TETRODONTIUM.” - - „ „ last line, before “long” read “l.” - - „ 127. line 17, for “hexaganal” read “hexagonal.” - - „ 141. line 6 from bottom, for “Nowcll” read “Nowell.” - - „ 152. line 5 from bottom, for “EURYNCHUM” read “EURYNCHIUM.” - - „ 139. line 3, for “ANÆCTANGIUM” read “ANŒCTANGIUM.” - - - - - GLOSSARY - OF THE - PRINCIPAL TERMS USED IN THIS VOLUME. - - - _Acuminate._ taper-pointed. - - _Acute._ pointed, scarcely tapering. - _Alar._ (cells) at basal angles. - _Annulus._ an elastic ring round mouth of caps. - _Apicu-lus (-late.)_ a very short point. - _Apophysis._ an excrescence; a swelling at base of capsule. - _Arcuate._ arched or curved. - _Areolæ._ the leaf cells. - _Arista._ a short bristly point. - _Auricles_ (of leaf). short lobes on each side of base. - - _Bifarious._ two-ranked. - - _Cæpitose._ tufted or matted together. - _Calyptra._ the outermost covering, or veil, of the capsule. - _Capsule._ the fruit, enclosing the spores. - _Carinate._ keeled. - _Cernuous._ nodding. - _Chlorophyll._ the green matter filling the cells. - _Cilia._ hair-like divisions of the inner peristome. - _Circinnate._ curved nearly into a circle. - _Cirrhose._ having a very narrow hair-like wavy point. - _Clavate._ club-shaped. - _Columella._ the central pillar of caps. round which the spores are - grouped. - _Comal._ the large topmost leaves of some stems. - _Complanate._ flat. - _Convolute._ rolled together. Acuminate. taper-pointed. - _Cucullate_ (_cucullus_). hooded. - _Cuspidate._ with a short bristly point. - - _Decurrent._ (of leaf.) running down the stem. - _Dendroid._ tree-like. - _Dentate._ toothed. - _Denticulate._ with smaller teeth. - _Diaphanous._ semi-transparent. - _Dichotomous._ forked. - _Dimidiate._ split up one side. - _Dioicous._ barren and fertile flowers on different plants. - _Distichous._ inserted in two opposite rows. - _Divaricate._ widely spreading. - _Dorsal._ at the back. - - _Erose._ as if bitten or gnawed out. - _Excurrent._ (of nerve.) continued beyond the apex of leaf. - _Exserted._ standing out from the leaves. - - _Falcate._ falchion-shaped, or much bent. - _Fasciculate_ (stems or branches), of unequal height. - _Fastigiate_ (stems or branches), reaching to same height. - _Filiform._ thread-like. - _Fugacious._ falling early. - - _Gemmiform_ or _Gemmaceous_. like a bud. - _Geniculate._ suddenly bent like the leg when kneeling. - _Gibbous._ bunched or swelling out. - _Granulate._ roughly dotted on surface. - _Gregarious._ growing together, but not matted. - - _Hamate, Hamulose._ bent like a hook. - _Hyaline._ glassy. - _Hygrometric_ (_Hygroscopic_). moving when moistened. - - _Imbricate._ overlapping each other like tiles. - _Immersed_ (of caps.) when almost buried in the leaves. - _Inflexed._ bent inwards. - - _Julaceous._ resembling a slender glossy worm. - - _Lamina._ the blade of the leaf. - _Lid._ the cover to the mouth of caps. - _Ligulate._ strap-shaped. - _Lingulate._ tongue-shaped. - - _Mitriform_ (of calyp.) mitre-shaped, not split up the side. - _Monoicous._ barren and fertile fl. on same plant, but not on same - receptacle. - _Mucro._ a short terminal point. - _Mucronate._ terminated with a mucro. - _Muriculate._ roughened with sharpish prominences. - _Muticous._ without a point. - - _Ochrea._ the filmy sheath surrounding base of seta. - - _Pagina._ the blade of the leaf apart from the nerve. - _Panduriform._ fiddle-shaped. - _Papillose._ roughened with blunt roundish prominences. - _Percurrent._ extending the entire length. - _Perichætium._ the leafy involucre at base of seta, surrounding the - vaginula in fertile fl. - _Perigonium._ the leaves surrounding the barren fl. - _Peristome._ the teeth at mouth of caps. covered by the lid before it - falls. - _Plicate._ furrowed. - _Præmorse._ ending suddenly, as if bitten off. - _Pyriform._ pear-shaped. - - _Quadrate._ square. - - _Radicles._ small rooting fibres. - _Radiculose._ covered with radicles. - _Rhizome._ a creeping subterranean stem. - _Rhomboid (rhombus)._ an oblique square. - _Rostellate._ with a very short beak. - _Rostrate._ with a longer beak. - _Rugose._ wrinkled or crumpled. - - _Scariose._ dry and chaffy (opposed to tender and succulent). - _Secund._ all turned to one side. - _Seta._ the fruit-stalk. - _Setaceous._ bristle-shaped. - _Spathulate._ somewhat resembling a battle-door. - _Strumose._ swollen at base. - _Sub-._ in a slight degree; _e. g._ “sub-serrate” slightly serrate. - _Subula._ an awl. - _Subulate._ awl-shaped. - _Sulcate._ furrowed. - _Synoicous._ male and female fl. on same receptacle. - - _Terete._ cylindrical. - _Thæca._ the capsule. - _Tomentose._ covered with down. - _Truncate._ having the point cut off. - _Tumid._ swollen. - _Turbinate._ shaped like a peg-top. - - _Vaginula._ the cellular sheath surrounding the base of the seta. - _Vermicular._ narrow and wavy (like a worm). - _Villi._ short leafy processes on the stem amongst the leaves. - _Villous._ covered with villi. - - _Uncinate._ bent like a hook. - _Undulate._ wavy. - - - - - INDEX - TO GENERA AND SYNONYMS. - - - Amblyodon, 125 - - Amblystegium, 162 - - Anacalypta, 57 - - Andreæa, 21 - - Anodus, 38 - - Anœctangium, 139 - - Anomodon, 140 - - Antitrichia, 140 - - Archidium, 26 - - Arctoa, 39 - - Atrichum, 100 - - Aulacomnion, 105 - - - _Barbula_, 66 - - Bartramia, 128 - - Bartramidula, 128 - - Blindia, 39 - - Brachyodus, 36 - - Brachythecium, 148 - - Bryum, 106 - - Buxbaumia, 99 - - - Camptothecium, 147 - - Campylopus, 50 - - Campylostelium, 36 - - Catascopium, 132 - - Ceratodon, 49 - - Cinclidium, 124 - - Cinclidotus, 74 - - Climacium, 142 - - Conostomum, 132 - - Cryphæa, 184 - - Cylindrothecium, 142 - - Cynodontium, 39, 59 - - - Daltonia, 184 - - _Desmatodon_, 58, 65 - - Dichelyma, 185 - - Dicranodontium, 44, 47, 49 - - _Dicranella_, 40, 63 - - Dicranum, 40 - - Didymodon, 58, 65 - - Diphyscium, 99 - - Discelium, 133 - - Dissodon, 134 - - Distichium, 58 - - _Ditrichum_, 62 - - _Dryptodon_, 86 - - - Encalypta, 74 - - Entosthodon, 127 - - _Ephemerum_, 26 - - Eurynchium, 152 - - - Fissidens, 135 - - Fontinalis, 185 - - Funaria, 126 - - - Glyphomitrium, 88 - - Grimmia, 77 - - Gymnostomum, 31 - - - Habrodon, 141 - - Hedwigia, 76 - - Hedwigidium, 77 - - Hookeria, 184 - - Hylocomium, 180 - - Hyocomium, 156 - - Hypnum, 143, 145 - _eu_-Hypnum, 165 - - - Isothecium, 142, 152 - - - Leptobryum, 106 - - Leptodon, 140 - - Leskea, 143, 160, 163 - - Leucobryum, 49 - - Leucodon, 139 - - - Meesia, 125 - - Mielichhoferia, 124 - - Mnium, 121 - - _Myurella_, 143 - - - Neckera, 182 - - - Œdipodium, 135 - - Oligotrichum, 101 - - Omalia, 182 - - Oncophorus, 188 - - Orthodontium, 106 - - Orthotrichum, 89 - - - Paludella, 125 - - Phascum, 26 - - _Philonotis_, 129 - - Physcomitrium, 127 - - Plagiothecium, 160 - - Pogonatum, 101 - - Polytrichum, 102 - - Pottia, 55, 64 - - Pterogonium, 141 - - Ptychodium, 147 - - Ptychomitrium, 89 - - - Racomitrium, 86 - - Rhabdoweissia, 36 - - Rhynchostegium, 157 - - - _Schistidium_, 77 - - Schistostega, 135 - - Scleropodium, 151 - - Seligeria, 37 - - Sphagnum, 23 - - Splachnobryum, 189 - - Splachnum, 133 - - Stylostegium, 38 - - _Syntrichia_, 70 - - - Tayloria, 134 - - Tetraphis, 98 - - Tetraplodon, 134 - - Tetrodontium, 99 - - Thamnium, 159 - - Thuyidium, 145 - - Timmia, 104 - - Tortola, 63, 74 - - Trichostomum, 50, 69, 73 - - - Webera, 187 - - Weissia, 33 - - - Zygodon, 97 - - - B. 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P. Hobkirk</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: A Synopsis of the British Mosses</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>Containing Descriptions of All the Genera and Species, (With Localities of the Rarer Ones) Found in Great Britain and Ireland, Based Upon Wilsons Bryologia Britannica, Schimpers Synopsis, Etc.</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Chas. P. Hobkirk</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: June 27, 2021 [eBook #65710]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH MOSSES ***</div> - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber’s Note:</strong></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='titlepage'> - -<div> - <h1 class='c001'><span class='sc'>A Synopsis</span><br /> <span class='small'>OF</span><br /> <span class='sc'>The British Mosses</span>,<br /> <span class='small'>CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE</span><br /> <span class='xlarge'>GENERA AND SPECIES,</span><br /> <span class='small'>(WITH LOCALITIES OF THE RARER ONES)</span><br /> <span class='small'>FOUND IN</span><br /> <span class='xlarge'>GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND,</span><br /> <span class='small'>BASED UPON</span><br /> <span class='xlarge'>WILSON’S “BRYOLOGIA BRITANNICA,”</span><br /> <span class='small'>SCHIMPER’S “SYNOPSIS,” ETC.</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='large'><span class='sc'>By</span> CHAS. P. HOBKIRK,</span></div> - <div class='c003'><i>President of the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society</i>.</div> - <div class='c002'>LONDON:</div> - <div class='c003'>L. REEVE & CO.,</div> - <div class='c003'>5, <span class='sc'>Henrietta Street, Covent Garden</span>.</div> - <div class='c003'><span class='xxsmall'>MDCCCLXXIII.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_v'>v</span> - <h2 class='c004'>PREFACE.</h2> -</div> - -<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c005'>It is not my desire that this little volume should be looked upon as -anything more than what is expressed in the title, simply “<span class='sc'>A -Synopsis of the British Mosses</span>,” and as a kind of <i>vade-mecum</i> to -the working Bryologist, as well as a guide to beginners. It is not -altogether an original work, nor yet is it a mere compilation, for nearly -every species has been carefully examined under the microscope before -being described, and then the diagnoses compared with other works, -principally that great text-book of British Bryologists, “Wilson’s -Bryologia Britannica.” Besides this work, I have also largely consulted, -and drawn from, Bruch and Schimper’s “Bryologia Europæa,” -Schimper’s “Synopsis,” Dr. Mueller’s “Synopsis,” the Proceedings of -the Linnean Society, the <i>Bulletins</i> of the Royal Botanical Societies of -France and of Belgium; and last, but not least, the valuable papers -recently contributed by Dr. Braithwaite to “Journal of Botany,” -“Grevillea,” and the “Monthly Microscopical Journal,” and also some -papers by Mr. Mitten in the first-named publication.</p> - -<p class='c006'>In the general arrangement of the genera and species, I have -mainly followed the “Bryologia Britannica,” as I did not consider -myself justified in departing widely from it, although many of our -principal Muscologists look upon it as very faulty; but I did not hold -my authority sufficient to alter what has become a classical arrangement -amongst us: and more particularly as both Dr. Braithwaite and -the Rev. J. Fergusson are engaged upon more critical examinations, -prior to the publication of new and more natural arrangements. The -Analysis of the Genera is principally founded upon the same part from -Wilson, and is intended not as an arrangement, but merely a key.</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_vi'>vi</span>In the “Appendix” will be found a few omitted species, and -alterations of nomenclature, as well as a few <i>errata</i>, which should be -noted in the margin at their proper places.</p> - -<p class='c006'>I much regret that, by an oversight, I have omitted to insert -var. δ <i>squarrosulum</i> under <i>Sphagnum cymbifolium</i>, gathered by my -friend Mr. Bagnall, in Sutton Park, Birmingham; and the same -locality should be added after <i>Hypnum aduncum</i>, <i>H. Sendtneri</i>, and -<i>H. intermedium</i>.</p> - -<p class='c006'>I must here express my gratitude and thanks to those gentlemen -who have so kindly assisted me in its preparation, both with the loan or -gift of specimens of the rarer and newer species, and also for the -diagnoses received from several, where specimens were not attainable. -Amongst these gentlemen I must specially thank Dr. Hooker for his -kind permission to use the Herbarium specimens and Library at Kew, -and Mr. J. G. Baker, F.L.S., for his valuable assistance in doing so; -also Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S., Mr. J. Bagnall, of Birmingham; Dr. F. -Buchanan White, of Dunkeld; Dr. Fraser, of Wolverhampton; Rev. J. -Fergusson, of New Pitsligo; Mr. Carruthers, F.L.S., of British -Museum; Mr. G. E. Hunt, of Manchester; Mr. John Sim, of Strachan; -Mr. W. Galt, of Edinburgh; M. P. Goulard, of Caen, Calvados; -and lastly, all those gentlemen and ladies who so readily came forward -as subscribers to the number of upwards of 200, to assist in the -publication of the volume.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>CHAS. P. HOBKIRK.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Huddersfield</span>,</div> - <div class='line in4'><i>February, 1873</i>.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_vii'>vii</span> - <h2 class='c004'>LIST OF CONTRACTIONS USED IN THIS VOLUME.</h2> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-b c002'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>br. <i>branches.</i></div> - <div class='line'>br. l. <i>branch leaves.</i></div> - <div class='line'>cal. calyp. <i>calyptra.</i></div> - <div class='line'>caps. <i>capsule.</i></div> - <div class='line'>fem. <i>female.</i></div> - <div class='line'>fl. <i>flower.</i></div> - <div class='line'>fr. <i>fruit or fructification.</i></div> - <div class='line'>infl. <i>inflorescence.</i></div> - <div class='line'>innov. <i>innovations.</i></div> - <div class='line'>l. <i>leaves.</i></div> - <div class='line'>m.m. <i>millimetres.</i></div> - <div class='line'>ped. <i>pedicel</i> or <i>seta</i>.</div> - <div class='line'>per. perist. <i>peristome.</i></div> - <div class='line'>per. l. and p. l. <i>perychætial leaves.</i></div> - <div class='line'>per. teeth. <i>teeth of peristome.</i></div> - <div class='line'>perig. l. <i>perigonial leaves.</i></div> - <div class='line'>st. <i>stem.</i></div> - <div class='line'>st. l. <i>stem leaves.</i></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c004'>NOTICE TO COLLECTORS.</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>It is my intention, as soon as sufficient material can be -accumulated, to publish “A Geographical Distribution of the -British Mosses,” and, in furtherance of this object, I should esteem -it a great favor if all collectors throughout the kingdom would -kindly be at the trouble of forwarding to me, as early as convenient, -complete lists of the Mosses found by themselves or their friends, -in their several districts, with any notes they may think desirable -respecting them, and, where possible, the range and habitat of the -various species. I feel sure I have only to mention this to ensure -an abundant return of information for a work which is really -wanted, and shall, so far as any exertions on my part can ensure -it, be really valuable.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>C. P. H.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span> - <h2 class='c004'>ANALYSIS OF GENERA.</h2> -</div> - -<table class='table0' summary='ANALYSIS OF GENERA.'> -<colgroup> -<col width='88%' /> -<col width='11%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span> ACROCARPI.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>Fr. terminal (or in a few instances cladocarpous).</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Division A.</span> Capsule without a deciduous lid.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>a.</i> caps. bursting irregularly.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Archidium</span> (3). Perennial; caps. <i>globular</i>, <i>sessile</i>; calyptra thin and membranous, irregularly torn in the middle; <i>spores large</i>; infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform, two-leaved or naked in axils of perichætial leaves.</td> - <td class='c010'><span class='fss'>PAGE</span> <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Phascum</span> (4). <i>Annual.</i> Caps. ovate or roundish, very shortly <i>pedicillate</i>; calyptra campanulate; spores <i>small</i>, roughish; infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform either at base of plant, or axillary, rarely terminal and discoid.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_26'>26</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>b.</i> caps. bursting regularly.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Andreæa</span> (1). Caps. oval erect, opening by four <i>longitudinal slits</i>, sessile on a stalked vaginula; calyptra mitriform, thin; spores small, at first clustered together in fours: perennial.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_21'>21</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Division B.</span> Capsule with a deciduous lid.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>I. Peristome none.</span></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>a.</i> caps. sessile on a stalked vaginula.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_2'>2</span><span class='sc'>Sphagnum</span> (2). Perennial, aquatic; caps. globular, sessile on the turbinate fleshy stalked vaginula; lid flattish, calyptra surrounding the ripe caps., ruptured near the middle; spores as in <i>Andreæa</i>. Infl. monoicous or dioicous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_23'>23</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>b.</i> caps. pedicillate; vaginula sessile.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>α. caps. cylindrical; lid with a straight beak; calyptra mitriform.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Encalypta</span> (29) (In part). Caps. erect, regular, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, smooth or striate, lid conical with a longish almost filiform beak; calyptra very large, covering the capsule, fringed at base (peris. when present of 16 teeth, inner of 16 alternating erect cilia). Infl. monoicous or dioicous; barren fl. gemmiform, axillary or terminal.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>β. caps. oval, lid with an oblique beak; calyptra dimidiate.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Gymnostomum</span> (5). Perennial; leaves of close firm texture, with small dense areolæ; barren fl. gemmiform, in monoicous species placed near the base of perichætium.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_31'>31</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Pottia</span> (21). Annual or biennial; l. rather succulent, with lax quadrate or rectangular areolæ, the lower ones enlarged. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. near the fertile, naked, or gemmiform with three leaves.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_55'>55</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>γ. caps. roundish-pyriform; lid obliquely rostrate.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Stylostegium.</span> (12). Perennial; caps. on a very short pedicel; calyptra small, cucullate, scarcely covering the lid; l. channelled, secund. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span><span class='sc'>Anodus</span> (11). Annual or biennial; caps. pedicillate; columella free; l. setaceous, erect.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>δ. caps. obovate or clavate; lid plane or conical; l. loosely reticulated.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* Calyptra mitriform.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Schistostega</span> (70). Caps. small oval, lid convex; calyptra small, <i>at length dimidiate</i>; infl. dioicous terminal, barren fl. gemmiform; l. nerveless, vertically distichous, very tender, areolæ large rhomboid.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_135'>135</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Physcomitrium</span> (59). Annual or biennial. Primary stem terminated by a discoid barren fl. from below which rises a branch bearing a terminal fertile fl.; caps. clavate, lid convex; calyptra large inflated; l. spreading every way, nerved; areolæ large oblong, acute.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* * Calyptra dimidiate.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Œdipodium</span> (69). Caps. with a long tapering apophysis, gradually passing into the fruit-stalk; lid plano-convex; infl. monoicous or synoicous; l. succulent broad, obtuse; areolæ roundish hexagonal, larger at base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_135'>135</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>ε. caps. globose; lid almost plane.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* Calyptra conico-mitriform, small; l. nerveless.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Hedwigia</span> (30). Caps. immersed, sub-sessile; infl. monoicous, barren fl. axillary gemmiform; areolæ small quadrate, longer and flexuose below.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span><span class='sc'>Hedwigidium</span> (31). Caps. exserted on a short pedicel; barren fl. terminal; stem stoloniferous; l. plicate longitudinally, areolæ longer.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_77'>77</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* * Calyptra dimidiate; l. nerved.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Bartramidula</span> (60). Caps. on a curved pedicel, smooth, cernuous; infl. synoicous; lid small sub-conical; calyptra small cucullate; areolæ lax, oblong-hexagonal.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_128'>128</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>II. Peristome single.</span></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sub-div.</span> <span class='fss'>I.</span> Calyptra mitriform.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>† Calyptra plicato-striate.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>a.</i> teeth four.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Tetraphis</span> (38). Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose; per. teeth long rigid, with irregular longitudinal lines; areolæ hexagonal.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_98'>98</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Tetrodontium</span> (39). Annual, stem none, gregarious; l. few, very minute.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_99'>99</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>b.</i> Teeth 16, equidistant.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Ptychomitrium</span> (35). Caps. erect, regular, tapering at base, annulus large, lid conico-rostrate; teeth bifid, not hygroscopic; calyptra deeply furrowed, mitriform, subulate above, shorter than capsule; infl. monoicous; barren. fl. gemmiform, generally axillary.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_89'>89</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>c.</i> Teeth 16, in pairs.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span><span class='sc'>Glyphomitrium</span> (34). Calyptra large ventricose laciniate below, entirely covering the capsule, contracted at the base; Infl. as in last; per. teeth hygroscopic reflexed when dry.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_88'>88</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Orthotrichum</span> (36). (partly) Perennial in round tufts; caps. erect, immersed or exserted, pear-shaped or elliptical, with 8, rarely 16, coloured striæ; peristome either single or double, sometimes absent; outer of 32 teeth, connected so as to seem 8 or 16, broad and flat, inner of 8 or 16 equal cilia, or 16 alternately shorter ones; lid short, conico-rostellate; calyptra large campanulate, with about eight furrows, base somewhat torn, and mostly covered with short hair-like processes, but not contracted.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_89'>89</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>† † Calyptra smooth, not plicate.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>a.</i> Teeth 16, equidistant.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Encalypta</span> (partly) [29.] <i>vide ante. p. 2.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Schistidium.</span> Caps. immersed, obovate or roundish, mouth wide; calyptra small, conico-mitriform, columella adhering to the deciduous lid; teeth large, barred, without medial lines, often perforate. Infl. monoicous or dioicous (included in <i>Grimmia</i>).</td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Grimmia</span> (32). Caps. pedicillate, seta often flexuose, ovate or oblong, rarely ventricose, sometimes striated, teeth large lanceolate, barred, perforate, bi-trifid; calyptra five-lobed at base, sometimes dimidiate; columella free. Infl. monoicous or dioicous.; areolæ small dense, larger at base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_77'>77</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span><span class='sc'>Racomitrium</span> (33). Caps. oblong, erect, smooth, on a straight pedicel, teeth bi-trifid, sometimes very long, sometimes short, filiform unequal; calyptra large, with a subulate solid papillose beak, lid conico-subulate, straight; leaves with sinuous areolæ. Infl. dioicous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_86'>86</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* * Annual or biennial, gregarious; leaves setaceous.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Campylostelium</span> (8). Caps. drooping, on a bent seta oblong, smooth; teeth long lanceolate, barred, entire at base, cleft at summit, and connected by a membrane at base; calyptra small, conico-subulate, five-cleft at base. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform; areolæ minute, much enlarged and diaphanous at base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_36'>36</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Brachyodus</span> (9). Caps. oblong sub-striate, teeth very short truncate, partly confluent, equidistant; lid convex with a slender beak; calyptra conical, three to five-lobed at base, sub-dimidiate. Infl. monoicous gemmiform. St. very short, annual or biennial.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_36'>36</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>b.</i> Teeth 16, in pairs, plane, reflexed when dry.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Splachnum</span> (65). Caps. sub-cylindrical or ovate, on a very large spongy coloured apophysis; teeth lanceolate oblong obtuse, plane, yellowish; calyptra small, entire or lacerated at base. Infl. generally dioicous; barren, fl. capituliform, naked or with small scattered leaves.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>c.</i> Peristome a conical plicate membrane.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span><span class='sc'>Diphyscium</span> (41). Caps. very large sessile, oblique ovate, gibbous; calyptra small, entire at base, scarcely covering the conical lid.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_99'>99</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sub-div. II.</span> Calyptra dimidiate.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>a.</i> Calyptra inflexed at base, at first conico-mitriform, caps. clavato-pyriform; teeth 16 or 32 plane, more or less paired, with a medial line.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Dissodon</span> (68). Caps. oval, with a long solid tapering neck, lid conico-convex, obtuse, teeth 32, united into eight bi-geminate teeth, or into 16 pairs, linear-lanceolate, incurved when dry; leaves obtuse entire. Infl. monoicous or synoicous, barren fl. gemmiform.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_134'>134</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Tayloria</span> (67). Caps. with a long clavate or sub-pyriform neck; teeth 16, or 32 cohering in pairs, reflexed when dry; leaves acuminate serrated. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. capituliform.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_134'>134</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>b.</i> Calyptra not indexed at base.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* Teeth in eight pairs, reflexed when dry.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Tetraplodon</span> (66). Caps. with a solid clavate or oval apophysis wider than itself; leaves loosely reticulated, acuminate. Infl. monoicous, barren fl. gemmiform or capituliform, 3–5–leaved.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_134'>134</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span><span class='sc'>Zygodon</span> (37) (partly). Caps. erect, pyriform, striated, apophysate. Perist. double, single, or absent; outer teeth 32 united two or four together, representing 16 or 8 plane teeth, inner of 8 or 16 cilia, alternating; calyptra small cucullate smooth oblique, lid obliquely rostrate; leaves minutely dotted.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_97'>97</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* * Teeth 16 equidistant, simple, or nearly so.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>‡ Caps. pyriform or oval, erect or inclined.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Entosthodon</span> (58). Caps. erect, pyriform, symmetrical; lid plano-convex, teeth short and broad triangular; calyptra inflated below, cucullate; leaves loosely reticulated.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Mielichhoferia</span> (53). Caps. pyriform, inclined or horizontal, on a slender curved seta; calyptra small, not inflated; teeth longer, linear-subulate, confluent and dilated at base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_124'>124</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Blindia</span> (13). Caps. roundish, turbinate-erect; teeth 16 lanceolate, remotely barred, entire or perforate, sometimes cleft; calyptra angular at base, afterwards cleft on one side; seta short; perennial cæspitose.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Seligeria</span> (10). Caps. roundish-pyriform, smooth, teeth lanceolate obtuse, sometimes perforate, without medial line; calyptra small cucullate; leaves setaceous; stems annual or biennial gregarious, not cæspitose. Infl. monoicous, terminal gemmiform.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_37'>37</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Brachyodus</span> (9). <i>See page <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span><span class='sc'>Rhabdoweissia</span> (7). Caps. shortly oval, eight-striate, wide mouthed, teeth lanceolate or subulate, barred, without medial line; beak slender, inclined; calyptra cucullate; leaves channelled lax; stems perennial, cæspitose.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_36'>36</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Weissia</span> (6). Caps. oblong-ovate, smooth, teeth lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, free at base, without medial line, convex, sometimes perforate and bifid; leaves of close texture; stems as above.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_33'>33</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Anacalypta</span> (22). Caps. oval on a long straight pedicel; teeth united at base by a membrane, plane, lanceolate, entire or perforate, no medial line; leaves succulent with lax areolæ; stem annual or biennial.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_57'>57</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>‡ ‡ Caps. globose, nearly horizontal.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Discelium</span> (64). Almost stemless; caps. decurrent into the suddenly bent neck; teeth lanceolate, cleft half way from base upwards; leaves few minute, gemmiform.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Catascopium</span> (63). Caps. smooth, shining, neck bent, and tapering into the seta, mouth somewhat oblique; teeth short truncate, irregular, barred, with a medial line; leaves numerous, nerved, of firm texture.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_132'>132</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Conostomum</span> (62). Caps. cernuous, obscurely furrowed when dry; teeth linear-lanceolate, barred, converging and united together into a cone; perennial.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_132'>132</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* * * Teeth 16, deeply bifid, equidistant.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>‡ Caps. erect, symmetrical.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span><span class='sc'>Desmatodon</span> (23). Caps. oval or oblong, sometimes almost pendulous; teeth subulate, united at base by a membrane, bi-trifid; lid rostellate; leaves soft broad, papillose at back.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>‡ ‡ Caps. sub-erect, rather unequal.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Cynodontium</span> (15). Caps. ovate-oblong, or obliquely sub-pyriform, smooth, teeth lanceolate, connivent, dilated at base, entire or cleft to base, sometimes barred, deep red; lid rostrate.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Arctoa</span> (14). Caps. oval or almost turbinate, striate, contracted below the wide mouth when dry; teeth lanceolate subulate, cleft, or perforate and entire, bars not prominent; lid large, obliquely rostrate.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>‡ ‡ ‡ Caps. cernuous or inclined, unequal.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Dicranum</span> (16). Caps. mostly cernuous, smooth or striated, regular, gibbous or curved, with a tapering apophysis, or sometimes strumose, teeth equidistant, confluent at base, incurved, lanceolate, cleft half way into unequal portions, barred, occasionally perforate, with a medial line; lid rostrate oblique; leaves of close texture, nerved and more or less secund; areolation linear at the base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_40'>40</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>[<span class='sc'>Dicranella.</span> Plant smaller than in <i>Dicranum</i>, and less robust, areolation rectangular at the base, in other respects similar.]</td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Leucobryum</span> (17). Caps., lid and peristome as in <i>Dicranum</i>. Leaves spongy, composed of a double layer of loose cellular tissue, white or pale glaucous green, sub-secund, nerve indistinct.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_49'>49</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span><span class='sc'>Fissidens</span> (71). Caps. cernuous or erect, more or less truncate, teeth long and tapering from a lanceolate base, cleft half way into unequal segments, geniculate, barred; fruit in some species <i>cladocarpous</i>, leaves vertically distichous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_135'>135</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Ceratodon</span> (18). Caps. sub-cylindrical unequal, with a short ventricose or strumose neck; teeth deeply cleft, or of two equal subulate portions connected below by prominent trabeculæ, of two differently coloured laminæ, the outer red, the inner and broader yellow.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_49'>49</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Capsule on an arcuate seta.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Campylopus</span> (20). Caps. oval or oblong, regular or gibbous on upper side, tapering at base, striated, lid conico-subulate or rostrate, teeth deeply bifid; calyptra large, fringed at base; leaves with a broad nerve.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Dicranodontium</span> (19). Caps. elliptical smooth, teeth linear-lanceolate, cleft nearly to base into unequal portions, obliquely striate; calyptra not fringed at base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_49'>49</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* * * * Teeth 32, in pairs, narrow or filiform.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Didymodon</span> (25). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical, teeth 32 (16 Wilson) linear-lanceolate, <i>not obviously united by a basilar membrane</i>, tender and fugacious, entire or perforate.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Trichostomum</span> (26). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical or oval, smooth, teeth 32 in unequal pairs (often so united as to appear 16 simple or perforate teeth), connected by a narrow basilar membrane, persistent.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_60'>60</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span><span class='sc'>Distichium</span> (24). Caps. as in last; teeth 32 (16 Wilson) not confluent at base, linear-lanceolate, entire, perforate or cleft, with a medial line; leaves <i>distichous</i>, setaceous from a sheathing base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Tortula</span> (27). Caps. mostly erect ovate-oblong, smooth, teeth 32 very long filiform <i>twisted</i>, articulate papillose, outer cellules yellow, inner red, often united into a membrane at base; leaves not distichous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_63'>63</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Cinclidotus</span> (28). Caps. immersed ovate or oval, smooth, teeth 32 perfect or rudimentary, adhering at top to columella, contorted, anastomosing at base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* * * * * Teeth 32 or 64 equidistant, short, obtuse, connected at apex by a tympanum, formed of dilated apex of columella; nerve of leaf covered with vertical lamellæ.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>† Caps. not angular.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Atrichum</span> (42). Caps. cylindrical, erect or cernuous, calyptra narrow, almost naked, spinulose at apex only; teeth 32 ligulate rigid, united at base by a narrow membrane, leaves not sheathing, lamellæ few, nerve narrow. Columella round.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_100'>100</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Oligotrichum</span> (43). Caps. sub-cylindrical, erect, gibbous, peristome as above; calyptra slightly setose at apex; leaves sheathing at base, more lamellated, nerve wider; columella winged.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_101'>101</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span><span class='sc'>Pogonatum</span> (44) Caps. ovate or urceolate, regular, erect or inclined, calyptra very hairy, peristome as above; leaves rigid, densely lamellated, nerve thick and broad.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_101'>101</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>† † Caps. angular; teeth 64, rarely</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_32'>32</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Polytrichum</span> (46). Caps. with a discoid apophysis, erect, when ripe horizontal; teeth 64 (in some species 32). Calyptra very hairy; leaves as in last.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_102'>102</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>III. <span class='sc'>Peristome double.</span></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>a.</i> Caps. plano-convex.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Buxbaumia</span> (40). Caps. very large, apophysate, oblique; outer teeth irregular reddish, opaque, inner a pale conical plicate membrane, calyptra small, only covering the conical obtuse lid, fugacious, entire or laterally cleft.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_99'>99</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>b.</i> Caps. cylindrical.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Encalypta</span> (partly) (29). <i>vide ante p. 2.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>c.</i> Caps. oblong.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Orthotrichum</span> (chiefly) (36). <i>vide ante p. 5.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>d.</i> Caps. obovate, unequal, mouth oblique.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span><span class='sc'>Funaria</span> (57). Caps. obliquely pyriform ventricose, sub-erect or cernuous; outer perist. 16, obliquely lanceolate, teeth trabeculate, longitudinally striate, and connected at apex by a small circular disc, very hygrometric, inner a membrane divided into 16 lanceolate processes opposite to outer; calyptra inflated below.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Amblyodon</span> (56). Caps. clavate or sub-pyriform, incurved sub-erect; perist. outer, 16 short, erect, obtuse teeth; inner (longer) a membrane divided into 16 carinate processes, without cilia. Calyptra indexed at base; leaves loosely reticulated.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Meesia</span> (55). Caps, obovate or clavate, curved, gibbous, sub-erect, neck long, tapering into seta; perist. outer 16 short, obtuse teeth, somewhat united to inner, entire or split along medial line; inner same as last; leaves of close firm texture, strongly nerved.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>e.</i> Capsule striated.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Zygodon</span> (37). <i>vide ante p. 7.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Aulacomnion</span> (47). Caps. oval or oblong apophysate, cernuous on a flexuose seta; perist. outer 16 teeth, lanceolate-subulate, barred; inner a thin membrane divided half way into 16 carinate lacunose processes, with cilia two or three together. Branches bearing terminal globular masses (<i>pseudopodia</i>) of rudimentary leaves or gemmæ.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_105'>105</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span><span class='sc'>Bartramia</span> (61). Caps. globose, rather large, erect or cernuous, rarely pendulous, not apophysate; perist. double, single, or wanting; outer 16 equidistant lanceolate teeth; inner a membrane divided into 16 carinate lanceolate processes, splitting along the middle, alternating, sometimes with cilia; calyptra small dimidiate; leaves papillose or muriculate.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_128'>128</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>f.</i> Caps. smooth, mostly pyriform.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Paludella</span> (54). Caps. oval-oblong, slightly curved, cernuous or sub-erect, lid mammillate; peristome as in <i>Bryum</i>, inner without cilia; leaves squarrose.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Timmia</span> (46). Caps. obovate, cernuous; perist. outer 16 teeth, inner, a membrane divided half way into 64 filiform processes; variously united at the summits; leaves sheathing, rigid, lanceolate; barren fl. axillary, gemmiform. Infl. monoicous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_104'>104</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Orthodontium</span> (48). Caps. clavoto-pyriform, inclined; perist. outer 16 teeth indexed when dry; inner deeply divided into 16 narrow carinate processes; leaves very tender, narrow, not sheathing; barren fl. axillary, gemmiform, aggregate. Infl. monoicous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_106'>106</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Leptobryum</span> (49). Caps. and perist. as in <i>Bryum</i>; stems of annual growth without innovations; leaves almost setaceous. Infl. synoicous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_106'>106</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Bryum</span> (50). Caps. pyriform cernuous or inclined; perist. outer 16 teeth, inner a membrane divided half way into 16 carinate segments with or without cilia; stems perennial, with innovations below the terminal flower; barren fl. gemmiform or naked.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_106'>106</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span><span class='sc'>Mnium</span> (51). Caps. oblong pendulous; perist. as in <i>Bryum</i>; stems with innovations from the lower part; leaves large; barren fl. discoid; infl. dioicous or synoicous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_121'>121</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Cinclidium</span> (52). Caps., leaves and stem as in <i>Mnium</i>, outer teeth 16 short, inner cupuliform.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_124'>124</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span> <i>b.</i> CLADOCARPI.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>Fruit terminal on very short lateral branches.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Div. I.</span> <i>Peristome none.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Sphagnum</span> (2). <i>vide ante p. 1.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Div. II.</span> <i>Peristome single.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Mielichhoferia</span> (53). <i>vide ante p. 8.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Fissidens</span> (71) partly. <i>vide ante p. 10.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Cinclidotus</span> (28) occasionally. <i>vide ante p. 12.</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span> PLEUROCARPI.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>Fructification truly lateral.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Div. I.</span> <i>Calyptra dimidiate.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sub-Div. I.</span> <i>Peristome none.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span><span class='sc'>Anœctangium</span> (72). Caps. oval or obovate, erect, with a short slightly inflated neck; lid conico-convex with a long slender oblique beak; stems erect, cæspitose.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_139'>139</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sub-Div. II.</span> <i>Perist. single, of 16 teeth.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Habrodon</span> (77). Caps. oval-oblong erect, calyptra large, lid conical; st. sub-erect, l. spreading, nerveless, soft and opaque; per. teeth simple, linear, inserted below mouth of caps., remotely articulate: dioicous.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_141'>141</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sub-Div. III.</span> <i>Peristome almost single.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>a.</i> <i>inner peristome very short and indistinct.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Leucodon</span> (73). Caps. oval erect, on a short pedicel; calyptra large; outer teeth 16 bifid or perforate, not hygroscopic; surculi erect simple; leaves plicato-striate, nerveless.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_139'>139</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Pterogonium</span> (78). Caps. oblong erect, on a long seta; calyptra small; outer teeth 16 simple, hygroscopic; surculi dendroid, with fasciculate curved branches; leaves not striate.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_141'>141</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Leptodon</span> (75). Caps. oval on a very short seta; calyptra and vaginula hairy; teeth 16 linear-lanceolate, entire or fissile, not hygroscopic; surculi pinnate; branches curled when dry; leaves very obtuse.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Sub-Div. IV.</span> <i>Peristome double.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>a.</i> <i>Inner perist. of 16 cilia.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span><span class='sc'>Antitrichia</span> (74). Caps, oval, regular, on a short curved seta; calyptra rather large smooth; inner peristome of 16 filiform processes; outer 16 tapering teeth with a medial line; surculi procumbent, pinnate.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Anomodon</span> (76). Caps. oval-oblong erect, on a long seta; lid obliquely rostrate; calyptra small; perist. as in last: stems erect with erect branches, cæspitose; leaves of close texture acuminate, nerved.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Cylindrothecium</span> (81). Caps. cylindrical, regular, erect; outer teeth 16 inserted below mouth of capsule; inner of 16 narrow carinate processes; lid shortly rostellate; stem procumbent pinnate; leaves ovate concave, faintly two-nerved at base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_142'>142</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Neckera</span> (85). Caps. oval-oblong, immersed or pedicillate; lid obliquely rostrate, outer teeth 16 linear-subulate, long, connivent into a cone; inner as above; stems pinnate; leaves complanate. St. sub-erect from a creeping rhizome.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_182'>182</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>b.</i> <i>Inner peristome a membrane divided half way into 16 carinate segments with or without cilia.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* Caps. symmetrical, erect or sub-erect.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Omalia</span> (84). Leaves complanate smooth, falciform, obtuse, serrulate at apex, not undulate (allied to <i>Neckera</i>).</td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Leskea</span> (82). Perist. outer of 16 narrow barred teeth, inner without (rarely with) intermediate cilia, leaves mostly ovate, nerved or nerveless, entire, spreading every way.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_143'>143</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span><span class='sc'>Climacium</span> (80). Caps. oblong, erect; lid adhering to the persistent columella; outer teeth linear-lanceolate, confluent at base, trabeculate, with a medial line; inner alternate and longer than outer, lacunose without cilia, the two segments of each process united only at apex; stem dendroid, erect.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_142'>142</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Isothecium</span> (79). Caps. oval, sub-erect, symmetrical; lid not adhering to columella; outer teeth 16 barred, with a medial line; inner with intermediate cilia, two or three together; stem dendroid drooping; branches fasciculate or pinnate.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_142'>142</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'>* * Caps. unequal, cernuous.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Hypnum</span> (83). Caps. cernuous, sometimes nearly erect, rarely pendulous, ovate or oblong, more or less curved, and sometimes slightly apophysate; outer teeth 16 equidistant lanceolate acuminate, barred, inner alternating, often perforate, with intermediate cilia, one, two or three together.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_145'>145</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><i>c.</i> Inner perist. a reticulated cone.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Dichelyma</span> (90). Peristome like <i>Fontinalis</i>; caps. scarcely exserted; calyptra long twisted; leaves nerved.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c008' colspan='2'><span class='sc'>Div. II.</span> <i>Calyptra mitriform.</i></td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Hookeria</span> (86). Caps. ovate or elliptical, cernuous, lid with a straight beak; perist. as in <i>Leskia</i>; calyptra not fringed at base; leaves complanate, loosely reticulated.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_184'>184</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span><span class='sc'>Daltonia</span> (87). Caps. erect oval-oblong, obscurely apophysate; calyptra fringed at base; leaves spreading every way; inner perist. divided nearly to base.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_184'>184</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Cryphæa</span> (88). Caps. oval-oblong or roundish, sub-sessile, immersed; calyptra conical small, not fringed; peristome as in <i>Neckera</i>.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_184'>184</a>.</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Fontinalis</span> (89). Caps. ovate or oval, immersed, sub-sessile; calyptra conical, crenate or slightly lacerate at base, small; outer teeth 16 linear-lanceolate, very long, cohering at apex in pairs, barred, twisted; inner a plicate cone, with 16 angles, consisting of filiform cilia, united by crossbars.</td> - <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span> - <h2 class='c004'>DIVISION I. ACROCARPI. (Genera 1–72.)</h2> -</div> - -<h3 class='c011'>1. ANDREÆA. Ehr.</h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>a.</i> <i>L. nerveless.</i></h4> - -<p class='c013'>1. <span class='sc'>A. petrophila.</span> Ehr. (<i>A. rupestris</i> Hedw.) St. ¼ inch -loosely tufted, with fastigiate branches; l. erect imbricate, -with a sheathing base, generally secund, ovate or ovate-subulate, -tapering above, and rather obtuse; papillose, -areolæ dotted; per. l. larger; all reddish brown.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine rocks, frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>2. <span class='sc'>A. alpestris.</span> Schimp. St. taller, densely tufted, -with slender branches; l. crowded, very small, patent on all -sides when moist, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, areolæ -quadrate at margin; per. l. shorter and more obtuse.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Damp alpine rocks. Glen Callater; Perthshire.</p> - -<p class='c007'>3. <span class='sc'>A. obovata.</span> Thed. “Densely tufted, blackish brown, -tall and robust; l. somewhat like those of <i>alpina</i>, from an -imbricate base ovate-panduriform, gradually lanceolate, -nearly smooth, glossy, quite entire at margin, areolæ much -laxer.” Dr. Braithwaite, Jour, of Bot., <span class='fss'>VIII.</span> p. 95.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Glen Callater.</p> - -<p class='c007'>4. <span class='sc'>A. alpina.</span> Turner. St. tall 1–3in. densely tufted, -with long fastigiate branches; l. imbricate, spreading, -reddish or purplish brown, obovate, almost panduriform -concave; per. l. larger elliptic sheathing, acute, areolæ -dot-like.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span> - <h4 class='c012'><i>b.</i> <i>L. nerved.</i></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>5. <span class='sc'>A. rupestris.</span> Turn. (<i>A. Rothii</i> W. & M.) St. -scarcely ½ inch, loosely tufted; l. imbricate, falcato-secund, -longly subulate from an ovate base, thickly nerved to apex, -rigid almost black; per. l. larger convolute.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>6. <span class='sc'>A. Grimsulana.</span> Bruch. Much more robust than the -last, rufous black; l. lanceolate acute broader, more solid, -falcato-secund; per. l. broadly ovate not acuminate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Brandsley Falls, Yorkshire, J. G. Baker 1858. Herb. -Kew.—Ingleborough.</p> - -<p class='c007'>7. <span class='sc'>A. crassinervia.</span> Bruch. Tufts depressed deep black, -st. prostrate ascending, fragile; l. shining falcato-secund, -subulate from an oblong base; nerve thick excurrent into -the round papillose <i>subula</i>, margin entire, cells quadrate; -per. l. erecto-patent convolute nerveless.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks; Hebden Bridge 1865; Scotland; Snowdon -1853.</p> - -<p class='c007'>8. <span class='sc'>A. falcata.</span> Schimp. Smaller than last, very fragile -black; l. falcato-secund, opaque, from a dilated obovate base -abruptly lanceolate-subulate, nerve flattened, ending at or -below the apex, which is erose at margin.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Snowdon 1865 and Cader Idris (Schimper); Perthshire -(McKinlay).</p> - -<p class='c007'>9. <span class='sc'>A. nivalis.</span> Hooker. St. longer tufted slender, l. -reddish brown, falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, acute, -gradually tapering and nerved to apex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks at limit of perpetual snow; Ben Nevis, &c. -Summer.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span> - <h3 class='c011'>2. SPHAGNUM. Dill.</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c014'>[Dr. Braithwaite is at present publishing in the “Monthly Microscopical -Journal” a Monograph of this genus, but as he has -only got some three or four species described, I regret that -I cannot avail myself of his valuable researches, and can -only publish such species as are known to me. His division -of species is as follows:—</p> - -<table class='table1' summary=''> -<colgroup> -<col width='7%' /> -<col width='7%' /> -<col width='85%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <td class='c015'>A.</td> - <td class='c015'>1</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. cymbifolium</i> Ehr.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'>B.</td> - <td class='c015'>2</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. tenellum</i> Ehr.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>3</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. rubellum</i> Wils.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>4</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. neglectum</i> Angst.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>5</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. subsecundum</i> N. von E.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'>C.</td> - <td class='c015'>6</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. molle</i> Sulot.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>7</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. rigidum.</i> N. H. & S.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'>D.</td> - <td class='c015'>8</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. squarrosum</i> Pers.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>9</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. teres</i> Angst.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>10</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. acutifolium</i> Ehr.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>11</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. strictum</i> Lindb.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>12</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. fimbriatum</i> Wils.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>13</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. Lindbergii</i> Schp.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>14</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. intermedium</i> Hoff.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c015'> </td> - <td class='c015'>15</td> - <td class='c016'><i>S. cuspidatum</i> Ehr.]</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span> <i>Leaves obtuse roundish or elliptical.</i></h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Utricles of branches lined with spiral fibres.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>10. <span class='sc'>S. cymbifolium.</span> Ehr. St. 3–12 inches robust tufted -solid, covered with a cortical web. Stem l. lingulate-spathulate -with a rounded apex; br. l. imbricate broadly ovate -concave cucullate and muriculate at apex; caps. large -globose on a short seta: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs, common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Branch cells without spiral fibres.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>11. <span class='sc'>S. compactum.</span> Brid. St. erect, 2–4in. dichotomous, -densely cæspitose; branches crowded short, almost erect, -br. l. ovate-subulate, obtuse, concave, slightly cucullate and -smooth at apex, præmorse with 3–4 teeth; st. l. small -elliptical: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet moors. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>12. <span class='sc'>S. tenellum.</span> Ehr. (<i>S. molluscum.</i> Bruch.) Stems -rarely 2in. slender, soft, fragile, branches similar; l. erecto-patent -<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>reflexed, ovate-oblong, with a broadish border, very -concave on the branches, pale yellowish white; utricles of -the branches between the leaves recurved at points; caps. -small orange-red, on a long pedicel: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet hollows on peat bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>13. <span class='sc'>S. rubellum.</span> Wils. St. 2–5in. slender loosely -tufted with slender deflexed sometimes curved branches; st. -l. large ovate-oblong concave obtuse sub-secund with a -minutely toothed apex; br. l. ovate or oblong-ovate, margins -indexed, capsule almost included: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Peat mosses, fr. rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span> <i>Leaves acuminate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate.</i></h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Leaves erecto-patent.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>14. <span class='sc'>S. acutifolium.</span> Ehr. St. 3–6in. with slender -attenuated branches; stem. l. small ovate acute erect; branch -l. ovate-lanceolate slightly præmorse with a 3–4 toothed apex, -erecto-patent, often with a pinkish tinge, sometimes almost -white; pedicel long; monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs and marshes. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>15. <span class='sc'>S. fimbriatum.</span> Wils. St. slender 6–12in. loosely -cæspitose, with slender deflexed branches; st. l. obovate -broad very obtuse, and fringed at the summit; br. l. ovate-lanceolate -acute erecto-patent, whitish, never reddish; p. l. -very large obtuse, cucullate; caps. on a short pedicel, nearly -enclosed in the per. leaves: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs and marshes. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>16. <span class='sc'>S. cuspidatum.</span> Dill. Ehr. St. 3–12in., flaccid with -distant deflexed attenuated branches, the younger ones -<span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>cuspidate; st. l. ovate acute, br. l. lanceolate acute præmorse -slightly fringed and bordered; per. l. broadly ovate, acute, -ped. short: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>17. <span class='sc'>S. recurvum.</span> P. Beauv. “Distinguished from the -last by its branch leaves, recurved when dry, elliptical, not -attenuated towards the apex; usually growing out of the -water, whilst <i>S. cuspidatum</i> is almost submerged.”—G. -E. Hunt.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Common in bogs.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. δ.</dt> - <dd><i>laricinum</i>. Spruce. l. loosely imbricated, slightly undulate when dry, areolæ very - minute. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>18. <span class='sc'>S. contortum.</span> Schultz. St. 3–6in. rigid blackish, -“with a single layer of cortical cellules”, and with crowded -generally contorted attenuated branches; leaves ovate-lanceolate, -acute concave, frequently 3–toothed at the apex, -the cellules bordered with a row of small pores at the back -of the leaf: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs and ditches. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. γ.</dt> - <dd><i>obesum</i>; stem more robust, branches thicker and longer, leaves larger. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>19. <span class='sc'>S. subsecundum.</span> Nees & H. Allied to <i>contortum</i>, but -more lax in habit, stems more slender, with shorter branches -and with the branch leaves generally more or less secund.</p> - -<p class='c007'>20. <span class='sc'>S. curvifolium.</span> Wils. MS. Allied to the last; -stem with a cortical layer of two or three rows of cellules, -leaves without marginal pores, entire, acute.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span> - <h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Leaves squarrose.</h5> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>21. <span class='sc'>S. squarrosum.</span> Pers. St. 4–12in. rigid, often -forked, with long deflexed attenuated branches; l. ovate-acuminate -acute, recurved; caps. large on a longish pedicel.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>3. ARCHIDIUM. <span class='sc'>Bridel.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>22. <span class='sc'>A. phascoides</span> Brid. St. ¼in., second year branched -sometimes 1in.; fertile branches short, barren ones longer, -slender, and with more distant leaves; l. lanceolate pointed, -upper ones longest, entire, nerved nearly to or beyond apex; -p.l. ovate-lanceolate, toothed near the apex, nerve excurrent.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist clayey or chalky banks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>4. PHASCUM. <span class='sc'>Linn.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span> (<span class='sc'>Ephemerum.</span>) Almost stemless, capsule immersed, barren fl. gemmiform at base of, or near to, fertile fl.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Growing from a conferva-like thallus, columella fugacious.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>23. <span class='sc'>P. serratum.</span> Schreb. “Stemless, leaves lanceolate, -nerveless (?) serrated, connivent; capsule large roundish ovate, -sub-sessile.” (Wils.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy banks or fallows. <span class='right'>Spring or Autumn.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>angustifolium.</i> “Leaves narrower, linear-lanceolate, obscurely toothed; caps. - smaller.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>24. <span class='sc'>P. cohærens.</span> Hed. Stemless, very minute; l. -ovate-lanceolate, keeled, erect, nerved to apex, and serrated -about half way from summit; capsule immersed sub-sessile.</p> - -<p class='c006'>On the ground. <span class='right'>Winter.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>25. <span class='sc'>P. tenerum.</span> Bruch. Inconspicuous; l. broad ovate-lanceolate, -slightly denticulate at apex, very flaccid; caps. -small, pale yellow, calyptra conical. Bry. Europ. vol. I.</p> - -<p class='c006'>On the mud of dried-up pools. <span class='right'>Winter.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Weald of Sussex, Mr. Mitten.</p> - -<p class='c007'>26. <span class='sc'>P. sessile.</span> B. & S. Very minute, almost stemless; -l. lanceolate-subulate, denticulate more than two-thirds from -summit, rigid, with an almost excurrent nerve; caps. sessile -small, rounded, brownish: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay and chalky heaths, rare. <span class='right'>Autumn, Winter.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>stenophyllum</i>. l. shorter, linear-lanceolate, slightly serrulate. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>27. <span class='sc'>P. recurvifolium.</span> Dicks. Minute, st. almost none; -l. lingulate, rarely linear-lanceolate, erect, frequently recurved, -denticulate at the apex, with a strong generally -excurrent nerve; caps. roundish ovate, nearly sessile.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Heaths and fallows. <span class='right'>Autumn, Winter.</span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Mature plants without confervoid shoots.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>28. <span class='sc'>P. muticum.</span> Schreb. Minute, almost stemless; l. -convolute, broadly ovate, tapering pointed, concave, toothed -above, nerved nearly to the apex; caps. round, reddish, -erect, sub-sessile.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks and fallows. <span class='right'>Autumn, Spring.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>minus</i>, leaves entire. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>29. <span class='sc'>P. triquetrum.</span> Spruce. Almost stemless; l. in -three rows, lowest minute ovate nerveless, three uppermost -(perichætial) cucullate, pointed, obovate, keeled, margins -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>reflexed, denticulate above, nerve excurrent; caps. spherical, -horizontal or drooping, pedicel long, slender, suddenly bent -near its union with the capsule.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Cliffs, Sussex coast. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect.</span> II. Barren fl. axillary, antheridia naked.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>30. <span class='sc'>P. Floerkeanum.</span> Web. & M. Almost stemless, -very minute; leaves broadly ovate, tapering to a point, lower -ones small nerveless, upper ones larger nerve excurrent, -margins reflexed; caps. ovate-spherical, shortly beaked, -immersed with sub-conical curved-pointed calyptra.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay or chalky fields, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.–XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>31. <span class='sc'>P. rectum.</span> Sm. Stem short; l. closely crowded, -erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate pointed with an excurrent -nerve, often reddish, margins recurved; caps. exserted, -roundish ovoid, on a longish straight pedicel.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fields and banks near the coast, frequent. <span class='right'>Winter.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>32. <span class='sc'>P. curvicollum.</span> Hedw. St. short reddish; l. -erecto-patent, lanceolate, tapering, pointed with an excurrent -nerve, entire, margin reflexed; caps. roundish, blunt-pointed, -cernuous, exserted, on a longish curved pedicel; cal. -dimidiate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks and fields.</p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. III.</span> Barren fl. axillary, gemmiform.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>33. <span class='sc'>P. cuspidatum.</span> Schreb. From ⅛ to ¼in. high, st. -simple or branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, erect -concave, keeled, with the nerve prominently excurrent; caps. -roundish, immersed on a short pedicel.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks, hedges, and fields, common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span></dt> - <dd>leaves longer, lanceolate; caps. smaller. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>Schreberianum.</i> St. elongated, branches dichotomous; leaves distant spreading. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>piliferum.</i> Pedicel curved; leaves with long white filiform points. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd><i>curvisetum.</i> Caps. laterally exserted, on a longish curved pedicel. - </dd> - <dt>ζ.</dt> - <dd><i>elatum.</i> Upper leaves lanceolate, cuspidate caps. sub-pendulous, similar to the - last. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>34. <span class='sc'>P. bryoides</span>. Dicks. St. ⅛–¼in. simple or branched; -l. lower, ovate pointed, upper elliptic ovate concave erect, -margin reflexed, pointed with the excurrent nerve; caps. -elliptical, with an oblique blunt point, brown, exserted. -Barren fl. sometimes terminal on a short branch.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and fields, rare. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd>leaves piliferous. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>curvisetum.</i> Pedicel curved, longer. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd>caps. roundish, pedicel very short. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd>smaller, with piliferous leaves. (<i>P. pusillum</i> Schleich.) - </dd> - <dt>ζ.</dt> - <dd><i>Thornhillii.</i> “l. spreading sub-reflexed spathulato-lanceolate, margin plane, nerve - slightly excurrent; caps. narrowly elliptical, rostrate, pedicel elongated.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. IV.</span> Barren fl. naked in the axil of a perichætial leaf.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>35. <span class='sc'>P. patens.</span> Hedw. St. ⅛in. l. more or less spreading, -sometimes recurved, obovate-lanceolate, serrulate near the -apex, concave, nerve ceasing below apex; caps. immersed -spherical pointed, pale brown, sub-sessile.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay banks and fields. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span> - <h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. V.</span> Stems growing by innovations, caps. therefore often apparently lateral, leaves narrow, almost setaceous.</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>36. <span class='sc'>P. nitidum.</span> Hedw. L. generally erect, linear-lanceolate, -keeled, sub-denticulate near apex, nerved (thin) -nearly to summit; caps. elliptical, with a short oblique -point, sometimes pendulous, on a short pedicel.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks, &c. <span class='right'>Autumn, Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>37. <span class='sc'>P. subulatum.</span> L. St. ⅛in. l. lanceolate, sharply -tapering from a broadish base, not keeled, with a broad -nerve ceasing near the apex; per. l. almost setaceous; caps. -roundish-ovoid pale brown, immersed, on a very short -pedicel.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and fields, common. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>38. <span class='sc'>P. alternifolium.</span> Bruch. & S. St. sometimes -with innovations, ½in. long, or more; st. l. lanceolate acuminate -from a broad base; per. l. subulate-setaceous, with a -thick nerve, excurrent and forming nearly the upper half of -the leaf; caps. ovoid immersed, brownish, with an oblique -point.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and fallow ground. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. VI.</span> Stems perennial branched; leaves linear-lanceolate firm strongly nerved; caps. with traces of a dehiscent lid; barren fl. gemmiform, terminal on a branch or sometimes axillary.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>39. <span class='sc'>P. crispum.</span> Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; with fastigiate -branches; l. lanceolate-subulate, grooved erect or -spreading, margins involute, nerve excurrent; per. l. very -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>long, concave at base, sometimes almost secund; caps. -roundish, immersed, pale brown, with an oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and fields, chiefly limestone. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>40. <span class='sc'>P. multicapsulare.</span> Smith. St. ½in., loosely -tufted; leaves distant, alternate, spreading, lanceolate, -somewhat obtuse, with an excurrent nerve and plane margin; -per. l. longer and broader, erect, incurved; capsule ovoid -tapering to an oblique short beak, on a longish pedicel, -sometimes two together.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fields, &c., rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>Mittenii.</i> Stems fragile, l. shorter, acute, recurved; p. l. smaller; caps. on a - longer pedicel. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>41. <span class='sc'>P. rostellatum.</span> Brid. St. ⅛–¼in., tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, -spreading obtuse, nerve excurrent, margin plane; -caps. olive-brown ovoid elliptical with a straight beak; -pedicel equalling caps. in length: a smaller plant than the -last.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dried beds of pools, &c. <span class='right'>Autumn, Spring.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>5. GYMNOSTOMUM. <span class='sc'>Hedw.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span> Infl. dioicous, margin of l. reflexed or plane, not incurved.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> St. short, per. l. sheathing; caps. elliptic-oblong, narrow at mouth, lid conical, annulus large persistent.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>42. <span class='sc'>G. tenue.</span> Schrad. St. tufted; l. lingulate, sub-erect, -upper ones longest entire, nerved nearly to apex; -caps. pale brown, lid obtuse.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone rocks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span> - <h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> St. taller, branched; per. l. slightly sheathing, caps. oval or ovoid, truncate; lid with a long beak, annulus narrow, persistent.</h5> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>43. <span class='sc'>G. rupestre.</span> Schw. St. ½in. densely tufted, -slender, dichotomous; l. linear-lanceolate, spreading obtuse -keeled, nerved nearly to apex; capsule erect oval, lid flattish, -suddenly rising to a longish scarcely bent beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>ramosissimum.</i> densely tufted, leaves shorter, capsule smaller on a shorter pedicel. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>stelligerum.</i> loosely tufted, l. fasciculate and stellato-patent at the ends of the - branches, linear-lanceolate acute. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>compactum.</i> leaves fascicled, longer and more obtuse. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>44. <span class='sc'>G. curvirostrum.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose -branches fastigiate; l. linear-lanceolate, spreading keeled, -margins recurved, nerved nearly to apex; caps. broadly -ovoid, lid adhering to columella, conical battened, with a -long suddenly bent beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>pomiforme.</i> leaves narrow, caps. more spherical. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>microcarpon.</i> l. broader, erecto-patent, caps. smaller, roundish obovate. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>pallidisetum.</i> st. long slender, l. fascicled, caps. small obovate, with a shorter - pedicel and beak. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span> Infl. monoicous; margins of l. incurved or plane, not reflexed.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Caps. contracted at mouth; sporangium adherent to columella forming a closed sac.</h5> - -<p class='c013'><span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>45. <span class='sc'>G. squarrosum.</span> Wils. St. ¼in. loosely tufted, l. -linear-lanceolate, squarrose, distant, blunt, nerve running -out into a mucro; caps. elliptical, sometimes oblique and -unequal; lid with a blunt beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay fields and banks. <span class='right'>Autumn, Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>46. <span class='sc'>G. microstomum</span>. Hedw. St. ⅛ to ¼in. densely -tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, acute, upper ones longest, nerve -excurrent; capsule elliptical, sometimes oblique and gibbous, -olive-brown, much contracted, lid with a longish curved beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fields, &c. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>obliquum.</i> caps. oblong, oblique, lid sub-rostrate. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>brevirostre.</i> caps. oblong symmetrical, lid short conical. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>brachycarpum.</i> caps. roundish, gibbous. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd><i>elatum.</i> innovations overtopping fruit, caps. roundish small, lid sub-rostrate. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Caps. scarcely contracted; sporangium not adherent.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>47. <span class='sc'>G. tortile.</span> Schw. St. ⅛–¼in. densely tufted with -fastigiate branches; l. oblong-lanceolate, spreading or sub-erect -curved, obtuse, pointed with the excurrent nerve; caps. -elliptical, with a purple mouth and an inclined beaked lid.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone rocks. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>subcylindricum.</i> l. linear-lanceolate, caps. oblong. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h3 class='c011'>6. WEISSIA. <span class='sc'>Hedw.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>48. <span class='sc'>W. controversa.</span> Hedw. St. ⅛–¼in. branched; l. -lower lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate, margin incurved, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>with a slightly excurrent nerve; caps. oval, erect, lid conical, -beak half-length of capsule; barren fl. gemmiform.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Frequent. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>stenocarpa.</i> caps. sub-cylindrical narrow. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>densifolia.</i> densely tufted; l. crowded narrower. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>amblyodon.</i> teeth of peristome variable, short and truncate, acute or cleft at - apex., yellowish. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd><i>gymnostomoides.</i> teeth of peristome almost wanting. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>49. <span class='sc'>W. mucronata.</span> B. & S. Smaller than last; l. -linear-lanceolate, with plane margins, the nerve slightly -excurrent and forming a mucro; caps. oblong, scarcely -striated; teeth of per. short truncate, perforated, lid with a -longish beak; barren fl. gemmiform.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fallow (clay) ground. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>50. <span class='sc'>W. cirrhata.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in. loosely tufted; l. -linear-lanceolate, spreading entire concave, keeled, margin -reflexed, not nerved to apex; per. l. slightly sheathing, -shorter; caps. oval-oblong; lid with a long beak; monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Posts and rocks in mountainous districts.</p> - -<p class='c007'>51. <span class='sc'>W. crispula.</span> Hedw. St. shorter than last, -branched; l. spreading, frequently falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, -base wide, concave; margins plane, not nerved to -apex; caps. oval or oblong without annulus; lid beaked. -Barren fl. gemmiform.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span> Infl. dioicous; terminal.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>52. <span class='sc'>W. verticillata.</span> Brid. St. ¼–¾in., branches fastigiate; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>l. linear-lanceolate, rigid, denticulate at base, sub-erect, -margin plane, with a strong slightly excurrent nerve; -teeth of per. incurved, not barred, sometimes perforated; -caps. erect, reddish; lid beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dripping limestone rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>53. <span class='sc'>W. calcarea.</span> Müll. St. short, simple; densely -tufted, radiculose at base; l. lower small ferruginous, erecto-patent, -narrowly lanceolate; upper larger deep green lineal-lanceolate, -rather obtuse concave, stoutly nerved nearly to -apex, margin minutely crenulate; per. l. lanceolate concave -acute; caps. oblong sub-cylindric short-necked erect, on a -pale yellow seta, lid conical subulate.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. δ.</dt> - <dd><i>brevifolium.</i> Schpr. Slender branched; l. lower very minute distant, upper crowded - ovate-lanceolate, recurved above; caps. oval. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>Damp rocks and walls. Blackhall, nr. Banchory, Dee -side. Mr. Sim. <i>var.</i> δ. only and barren. [Dr. Braithwaite.]</p> - -<p class='c007'>54. <span class='sc'>W. commutata.</span> Mitt. “L. from a sub-oblong base -lanceolate, narrowed, keeled with the nerve, which vanishes -below apex, cells nearly all elongated and pellucid; per. l. -similar”; caps. turbinate, lid with a very oblique longish -beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks, Nant-y-Fydd, Wrexham (Mr. Bowman.)</p> - -<p class='c007'>55. <span class='sc'>W. truncicola.</span> De Not. In large dense bright -green tufts; st. 1–2in. dichotomous, reddish, radiculose -below; l. erect when moist and often secund on the young -shoots, rather soft, papillose at back, from a narrowly lanceolate -base gradually subulate channelled, thinly nerved nearly -to apex, margin not revolute, sharply denticulate above and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>on the back of the nerve; strongly cirrhate and twisted -when dry; basal cells large cylindraceo-vesicular, the rest -small quadrate or sub-hexagonal, filled with chlorophyll. -[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., <span class='fss'>IX.</span>, 290.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Base of an oak trunk in Sutton Park, Birmingham. J. -Bagnall, 27th Aug., 1870.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>7. RHABDOWEISSIA. <span class='sc'>Bruch. & S.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>56. <span class='sc'>R. fugax.</span> B. & S. St. ¼–½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, -acute, toothed near apex, margins plane; caps. -ovate, somewhat striated; teeth of per. subulate, fugacious; -lid with an oblique beak longer than capsule.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine rocks, in crevices. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>57. <span class='sc'>R. denticulata.</span> B. & S. St. longer than last, -loosely tufted; l. lingulate or linear-lanceolate, strongly -toothed half way from apex; caps. more distinctly striated -when dry, teeth of per. lanceolate, persistent.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine and sub-alpine rocks.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>8. CAMPYLOSTELIUM. <span class='sc'>Bruch. & S.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>58. <span class='sc'>C. saxicola.</span> B. & S. Minute; l. elongate, linear-lanceolate, -crowded entire, twisted, nerved nearly to summit; -caps. elliptical drooping, on a geniculate pedicel, annulus -double, calyptra 5–cleft. at base.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone rocks, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>9. BRACHYODUS. <span class='sc'>Nees. & H.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>59. <span class='sc'>B. trichodes.</span> N. & H. Very minute; l. lanceolate-subulate, -almost setaceous; erect, with an excurrent nerve -<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>forming half the leaf; caps. erect, furrowed; per. very -short, annulus large, lid flattish with a long beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine sandstone rocks. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>10. SELIGERIA. <span class='sc'>Bruch & S.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>60. <span class='sc'>S. pusilla.</span> Bruch. & S. Minute, ⅛in. stems loosely -tufted, simple or dichotomous; l. lanceolate-subulate, very -narrow, thinly nerved nearly to apex; per. with teeth -distantly barred; caps. on an upright pedicel, turbinate -when dry, with a flattish beaked lid.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady limestone rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>61. <span class='sc'>S. tristicha.</span> Brid. Densely cæspitose, rigid; l. -exactly tristichous, crowded, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, -muticous, base whitish; caps. yellowish brown sub-spherical, -with a tumid neck, lid large with a long oblique or arcuate -beak; per. teeth narrower than in <i>calcarea</i>.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Calcareous stones and rocks. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Blair Athol, Glen Tilt, and Ben-y-Gloe. Rev. J. M. -Crombie.</p> - -<p class='c007'>62. <span class='sc'>S. paucifolia.</span> Carruthers. (<i>S. subcernua</i>, Schp.; <i>S. -calcicola</i>, Mitt.) Densely gregarious, low; leaves crowded -erecto-patent, lower ones lanceolate, upper subulate from a -narrow oblong base, margins plane, nerve exserted, areolæ -dense, rectangular; caps. elliptical sub-cernuous on a long -seta, unsymmetrical, lid with a long beak; male fl. at base -of female plant.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone rocks and stones. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Chalk Downs, Sussex, Mr. Mitten; Near Wetherby, 1801, -Dickson.</p> - -<p class='c007'>[63. <span class='sc'>S. acutifolia.</span> Lind. Very small; l. and per. l. -from a more or less sheathing base abruptly narrowed into a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>subterete setiform acute pointed awl, formed by the excurrent -nerve, crenulate; seta 1 mm. long; caps. small, -scarcely exserted, pyriform with a short neck, lid with a -short scarcely oblique beak];—type not British but</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>longiseta</i>, Lindb. Plant larger, seta 2–3 mm. long, caps. exserted, beak of lid - longer and more oblique—gathered by Mr. Wilson, 14th May, 1831, and sent by him to Dr. - Lindberg. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>64. <span class='sc'>S. calcarea.</span> B. & S. St. short, more robust, -than No. 60, l. ovate-subulate, obtuse, dull green with a -thicker nerve; caps. turbinate, shortly beaked, on a short -stiff pedicel; peris. teeth, broader obtuse, closely barred.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Chalk cliffs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>65. <span class='sc'>S. recurvata.</span> B. & S. St. minute gregarious; l. -lanceolate-subulate, somewhat flexuose, acute, nerve excurrent -generally; caps. obovate elliptical; pedicel curved -drooping.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone rocks, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>11. ANODUS. <span class='sc'>Bruch. & S.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>66. <span class='sc'>A. Donianus.</span> B. & S. St. minute, ⅛in. gregarious; -l. almost setaceous, lanceolate-subulate, very minutely -toothed; per. l. bluntish and rather shorter; caps. cup-shaped -or turbinate, mouth wide; Cal. dimidiate; perist. -none, lid with a short beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone rocks, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>12. STYLOSTEGIUM. <span class='sc'>Wils.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>67. <span class='sc'>S. cæspiticium.</span> B. & S. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted; -branches fastigiate; l. somewhat falcate and secund, ovate-lanceolate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>acuminate; per. l. larger with a sheathing base -entire, nerve predominant; caps. roundish-pyriform glossy; -lid obliquely beaked, adherent to columella.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks, in crevices. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>13. BLINDIA. <span class='sc'>Wils.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>68. <span class='sc'>B. acuta.</span> B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. subulate or -lanceolate-setaceous, rigid, glossy, sub-secund, nerve thick; -per. l. sheathing; caps. roundish-pyriform, on a short -reddish pedicel; lid with a longish beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist alpine or sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>breviseta.</i> “Stem shorter, caps. on a very short pedicel.” Wils. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>rupincola.</i> pedicels arcuate. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>trichodes.</i> Braithwaite. l. longer and more falcate. Wet rocks, near - Bolton.—Whitehead. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h3 class='c011'>14. ARCTOA. <span class='sc'>Bruch. & S.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>69. <span class='sc'>A. fulvella.</span> B. & S. St. ½–2in. densely tufted; -l. somewhat secund, often falcate, subulate-setaceous dull -green, sometimes slightly toothed at apex, nerve predominant, -per. l. large sheathing; caps. ovate, sometimes gibbous, -8–furrowed, lid obliquely beaked; barren fl. gemmiform: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fissures of alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>15. CYNODONTIUM. <span class='sc'>Bruch. & S.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>70. <span class='sc'>C. Bruntoni.</span> B. & S. St. ½–1in. tufted, branches -fastigiate; l. linear-lanceolate or lanc-subulate, keeled, -sometimes minutely denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, -twisted when dry, nerved almost or quite to apex; per. l. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>sheathing; caps. erect obovate or elliptical; lid with a long -oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>16. DICRANUM. <span class='sc'>Hedw.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>a.</i> (<span class='sc'>Dicranella.</span> Schimp.)</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span> Stem long, rooting in all parts; leaves spreading flexuose, papillose on both sides, crenulate in margin, not nerved to apex; infl. monoicous; beak of lid shorter than caps.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>71. <span class='sc'>D. polycarpum.</span> Ehr. L. bent, flexuose, often -recurved, lanceolate-subulate or linear-lanceolate, keeled, -margin recurved, somewhat papillose, denticulate at apex, -nerve excurrent; caps. erect, symmetrical, striated, with a -tumid neck.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>strumiferum.</i> caps. unequal, base strumose. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h5 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span> St. rooting in all parts, leafy; l. spreading, nerve slightly excurrent; infl. monoicous; caps. strumose.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>72. <span class='sc'>D. virens.</span> Hedw. St. 1–3in. branched; l. erect -ovate-lanceolate at base, sheathing, running to a long sub-denticulate, -almost setaceous prolongation, margins recurved, -nerve thick sub-excurrent; caps. cernuous strumose smooth -oblong and curved; lid beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist alpine rocks; Ben Lawers. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>Wahlenbergii.</i> l. flexuose, much attenuated, above narrower and longer, yellowish; - caps. short, with a very prominent struma. -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span></div> - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>serratum.</i> stems taller; l. recurved from a sheathing base, coarsely serrated. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>compactum.</i> st. shorter and slender; l. shorter lanceolate from an ovate base, - entire, or very slightly toothed at apex; caps. gibbous on a shorter pedicel. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd><i>gracilescens.</i> l. narrower; caps. smaller. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h5 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. III.</span> L. squarrose, or patent spreading.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>73. <span class='sc'>D. pellucidum.</span> Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely tufted; -l. distant, lanceolate, margins undulate, denticulate, papillose -obtuse; caps. shortly ovate; lid conical rostrate; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet stones in streams. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd>fagimontanum. st. short, branches slender, l. shorter. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd>serratum. l. crenato-serrate, with a more acute point; caps. oval or oblong, lid with a - slender beak. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>74. <span class='sc'>D. crispum.</span> Hedw. St. ¼in. gregarious, l. subulate -from a broadish sheathing base setaceous above, long, -spreading flexuose, minutely dentate, nerved to apex; caps. -almost erect, oval or obovate, striate; lid with a long -oblique subulate beak: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist sandy banks, not common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>75. <span class='sc'>D. Grevillianum.</span> B. & S. L. with a broad -sheathing base, suddenly lanceolate-subulate prolonged, wide-spreading -and wavy, entire, nerve broad; caps. ovate, -sub-striate, strumose; lid with a beak longer than capsule: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>“Glen Tilt, at foot of Ben-y-Gloe, 1823, not since found.”—Wils. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c017'>[I have a specimen gathered by Dr. A. O. Black, marked “Esk-no-more.”]</p> - -<p class='c007'>76. <span class='sc'>D. Schreberi.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in. sub-cæspitose, -branched sparingly; l. base broad, suddenly lanceolate-subulate, -spreading flexuose keeled, denticulate at apex; -caps. ovate-oblong, scarcely strumose, cernuous; lid conical, -shortly rostrate; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clayey or sandy soil near streams, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Lancashire, Cheshire, and near Glasgow.</p> - -<p class='c007'>77. <span class='sc'>D. squarrosum.</span> Schrad. St. 1–3in. dichotomous; -l. lanceolate from a broad sheathing base obtuse, undulate, -entire concave recurved, nerve narrow, reaching nearly to -apex; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid long conical, with a -short beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet mountainous places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>78. <span class='sc'>D. cerviculatum.</span> Hedw. St. ¼in. sparingly -branched; l. spreading flexuose, almost setaceous from a -broadish amplexicaul base, entire, nerved into the subula; -caps. roundish ovate gibbous, strumose; lid with a long -oblique or curved subulate beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy banks or on turf, frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>pusillum.</i> st. shorter, simple; l. smaller sub-erect; caps. smaller and less - gibbous. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h5 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. IV.</span> L. secund or sub-secund.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>79. <span class='sc'>D. varium.</span> Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate, -entire keeled sub-denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>nerve scarcely excurrent; caps. inclined, ovate or oblong, -slightly tumid; lid shortly beaked; seta twisted to the -right.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XIII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var., β.</dt> - <dd><i>tenuifolium.</i> l. narrow, obscurely nerved. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>tenellum.</i> st. slender, scarcely branched; l. falcato-secund, distantly denticulate. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>callistomum.</i> l. scarcely secund, caps. erect, obovate truncated, lid almost as - long as caps. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>80. “<span class='sc'>D. fallax.</span> Wils. MS. Closely resembles the -last. L. more distant, with impressed wings and less elongated -setaceous points, and a more dilated flattened nerve, -uppermost sub-secund. Caps. nearly symmetric erect or -sub-cernuous, with a shorter conical lid: dioicous.” [Dr. -Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., <span class='fss'>VIII.</span>, 227.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Anglesea (Wilson); Cotterall Wood (Hunt); Park Gate, -Cheshire (Miss Jelly).</p> - -<p class='c007'>81. <span class='sc'>D. rufescens.</span> Turn. St. short bright red, scarcely -branched; l. linear-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, reddish, -margins plane, secund, pellucid; caps. erect ovate or obovate, -slightly tumid, with a conical beaked lid. Seta twisted -to the left; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist sandy banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>82. <span class='sc'>D. subulatum.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in. l. falcato-secund, -setaceous from an oblong-lanceolate base, entire; caps. -ovate gibbous oblique striate when dry, seta red; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady sandy banks; common on the mortar of -walls, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX. X.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>83. <span class='sc'>D. curvatum.</span> Hedw. Cæspitose; st. bi-tripartite; -l. setaceous from a shortly ovate semi-sheathing base, -channelled, apex denticulate, falcato-setaceous; caps. erect -or sub-erect, ovate-oblong, slightly gibbous, distinctly striate. -[Sch. Syn. p. 75. Bry. Eur. vol. I.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls. <span class='right'>Autumn and Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Llanberis, N. Wales (W. Wilson).</p> - -<p class='c007'>84. <span class='sc'>D. heteromallum.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in. simple or -branched, in silky tufts; l. lanceolate-setaceous, slightly -dentate at apex; caps. obovate gibbous, obliquely plicate -when dry; lid with a long beak, seta pale yellowish; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>strictum.</i> l. erecto-patent, straight, not secund; seta longer flexuose. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>interruptum.</i> larger; stem interrupted leafy; l. spreading or secund. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>sericeum.</i> Schp. plants taller; l. diverging almost on all sides, pale green or - yellowish, often strongly and remotely toothed. Soccoth Hill, Arrochar (McKinlay). - </dd> - </dl> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>b.</i> (<span class='sc'>Eu-dicranum.</span>)</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect.</span> <span class='sc'>I. Falcatæ.</span> Densely tufted, st. dichotomous and fastigiate, decumbent at base with few or no radicular fibres; l. lanceolate-subulate, secund or falcato-secund, nerve predominant above; caps. cernuous, neck strumose or ventricose, lid with a long beak: monoicous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>85. <span class='sc'>D. Starkii.</span> Web. & M. St. 1–3in. branched; l. -subulate-setaceous from a lanceolate base, falcato-secund, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>entire, nerve strongly predominant, caps. oblong arcuate, -gibbous, strumose, striate, sub-cernuous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>molle.</i> taller; l. wider lanceolate, purplish brown; nerve not predominant. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>Summit of Ben Nevis.</p> - -<p class='c007'>86. <span class='sc'>D. falcatum.</span> Hedw. St. shorter, dichotomously -branched and fastigiate; l. strongly falcato-secund, from a -lanceolate base subulato-setaceous, denticulate at apex, -nerve predominant, caps. shortly obovate, strumose, almost -smooth when dry; lid large beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>87. <span class='sc'>D. Blyttii.</span> Br. & S. St. branched fastigiate; l. -flexuoso-patent, or sub-secund, from an erect base lanceolate-subulate, -soft, entire, nerve predominant, per. l. sheathing; -caps. sub-cernuous, ovate, incurved, without striæ, strumose, -lid rostrate; per. teeth narrow inflexed when dry.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span> <span class='sc'>Orthocarpa.</span> Densely cæspitose; st. 1 or more inches high, dichotomous, with or without radicular fibres; l. secund, lanceolate-subulate, smooth glossy, nerve excurrent or nerveless. Caps. erect cylindrical; neck long symmetrical; lid conical at base.</h5> - -<p class='c007'>88. <span class='sc'>D. glaciale.</span> Berg. Monoicous, in wide tufts, -without radicular tomentum, erect, 2–5in. high, l. erecto-patent, -straight glossy, lowest minute lanceolate nerveless, -upper oblong at base, lanceolate-subulate, deeply concave, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>margin inflexed entire, basal angles auricled, orange, nerve -narrow compressed; per. l. sheathing, suddenly narrowed -into a long subula; caps. cernuous, cylindraceous, more or -less incurved strumose, not striate; lid rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks; Ben Nevis, Clova, Ben-y-Gloe.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. <span class='fss'>VIII.</span>, 228.]</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>89. <span class='sc'>D. viride.</span> Sull. et Lesq. Dioicous, in dense -cushions, or cæspitose, reddish and tomentose at base, -above dark green; branches dichotomous; l. lineal-lanceolate -subulate, nerve running out in the concave awl; per. l. -sheathing; areolæ densely chlorophyllose, enlarged at base; -caps. erect, oblong, slightly incurved, lid with a long beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees: rarely on sandstone rocks.</p> - -<p class='c006'>fig. Schpr. Musci. Eur. novi, &c. fasc. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Staffordshire (Mr. Bloxam).</p> - -<p class='c007'>90. <span class='sc'>D. Scottianum.</span> Turn. St. 2 or 3in. robust; l. -erecto-patent, sub-secund incurved lanceolate-subulate, -slightly twisted at apex when dry, concave entire, nerve -strong excurrent; caps. elongated, slightly curved, tapering -at base, lid obliquely rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks in mountainous districts. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>91. <span class='sc'>D. longifolium.</span> Hedw. Cæspitose, tufts pale green -or whitish; stem arcuate or geniculate ascending, slightly -radiculose; l. long falcato-secund, rarely spreading, subulate -from a lanceolate base, with a slender nerve, margin and -back serrate at apex; per. l. convolute sheathing; caps. -elongate cylindrical, upright or sub-incurved, without striæ, -brown; beak subulate, annulus narrow: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton).</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>92. <span class='sc'>D. circinnatum.</span> Wils. Dioicous, in loose irregular -light green tufts; st. 3–6in. dichotomous, geniculate or -ascending, with radicles from base of leaves. L. very long, -secund, arcuate from an oblong sheathing base decurrent at -angles, longly subulate concave; nerve flattened, covering -one-fifth of base and all the subula, which is denticulate; -base laxly areolate in middle, with narrower cells at margin. -[Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 230.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fr. unknown.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Voirlich, Clova, Ben Nevis, Lennox Castle.</p> - -<h5 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. III.</span> <span class='sc'>Scopariæ.</span> St. loosely or densely matted, tall, with proliferous radicular fibres; l. long spreading or secund, lanceolate-subulate, glossy, denticulate at apex; nerve with or without dorsal lamellæ; caps. cernuous bent; lid with a long beak.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>93. <span class='sc'>D. fuscescens.</span> Turn. St. 2–3m. loosely tufted; l. -spreading, sub-secund, flexuose, canaliculate, minutely toothed -at apex, nerve excurrent; caps. oblong incurved, furrowed -when dry; lid with a very long beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>94. <span class='sc'>D. scoparium.</span> Hedw. St. 2–4in. loosely tufted dichotomous; -l. secund or falcato-secund, carinato-concave, margins -inflexed, serrate at apex; nerve with about four prominent -ridges at back, serrate at apex; per. l. larger convolute; -caps. cylindrical, slightly curved; lid with a long beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks and rocks, common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>orthophyllum.</i> stem erect; l. erecto-patent or sub-secund straight. -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span></div> - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>curvatum.</i> branches curved ascending, l. more falcate; caps. shorter. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>95. <span class='sc'>D. majus.</span> Turn. St. 4–6in. loosely cæspitose; l. -falcato-secund; concave dentato-serrate at apex; caps. -horizontally cernuous, curved, furrowed when dry; lid and -calyptra very long; fruit-stalks pale aggregate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks, &c., in woods. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. IV. Undulata.</span> St. very tall, with radicular fibres; l. large glossy, spreading every way or secund, lanceolate below, linear-subulate above; nerve flattish, with lamellæ at back.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>96. <span class='sc'>D. palustre.</span> Brid. St. 3–4in. erect branched -sub-fastigiate; l. spreading, sub-secund, linear-lanceolate -undulated, terminal ones crowded into a cuspidate cluster on -the barren shoots; serrate at apex; nerve thin and narrow, -not reaching to apex, and without ridges; caps. sub-erect, -slightly curved, sub-cylindrical, striate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshy places and moist banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>juniperifolium.</i> with shorter, wider, and more rigid leaves. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>polycladum.</i> branches slender flagelliform; l. small imbricate. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>97. <span class='sc'>D. Schraderi.</span> Schwaeg. St. 3–6in.; l. sub-secund, -rather obtuse, carinato-concave, subrugose, toothed on -margin and keel, sub-papillose at back near apex; caps. -oval-oblong incurved; lid rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Turfy bogs, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>98. <span class='sc'>D. Spurium.</span> Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose; -l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, undulate serrate, papillose at -back; not nerved to apex; caps. sub-cylindrical arcuate, -slightly strumose, striate; lid with a long curved beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moors and bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>17. LEUCOBRYUM. <span class='sc'>Hampe.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>99. <span class='sc'>L. glaucum.</span> Hampe. St. 1–6in. or more, dichotomous -fragile, fastigiate; l. subulate from an ovate-lanceolate -base, erect, rather obtuse, and apiculate; caps, cernuous, -strumose, furrowed when dry.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist heaths, woods, rare in fr.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>18. CERATODON. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>100. <span class='sc'>C. purpureus.</span> Brid, St. ¼–2in. cæspitose, -branched; l. oblong-lanceolate, margin recurved, nerve -excurrent; caps. elliptic-oblong, irregular, purple, angular -when dry on a purplish red seta; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks, &c., common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>101. <span class='sc'>C. cylindricus.</span> B. & S. St. ¼in. gregarious; l. -subulate from a dilated ovate amplexicaul base, flexuose, -minutely toothed above, nerve predominant; caps. cylindrical, -smooth, erect or slightly curved, on a pale slender seta; lid -conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy banks, not common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>19. DICRANODONTIUM. <span class='sc'>Br. & S.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>102. <span class='sc'>D. longirostre.</span> B. & S. St. 1–3in. blackish; l. -falcato-secund, subulato-setaceous from an ovate sheathing -base, denticulate above on predominant nerve; caps. elliptic-oblong, -smooth, on a thick curved or flexuose seta.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous woods, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span> - <h3 class='c011'>20. CAMPYLOPUS. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>[The diagnoses of species are taken from Dr. Braithwaite’s Paper in Jour. of Bot. <span class='fss'>VIII.</span>, pp. 386–393.]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Leaves hoary at point.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>103. <span class='sc'>C. atrovirens.</span> De Not. (<i>C. longipilus.</i> Brid. -pro parte: Wils. Bry. Brit.; et Schimp. Musc. Eur. Nov.) -Dense tufts 1–3in. high, above yellowish green, below -brownish, at base black. Stem erect, dichotomous, with few -radicles at base; l. lower, lax, shorter, the rest densely -crowded, erecto-patent, lanceolate, very longly subulato-setaceous, -channelled below, auricled; nerve excurrent into a -hoary hispid arista, channelled at back, one-third width of -leaf base; cells of auricles dilated, castaneous, central colorless, -above these sub-rectangular, uppermost oblongo-elliptic. -Fem. fl. 2. 3 at apex of innovations.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet rocks, and moorlands in mountainous districts.</p> - -<p class='c006'>E. S. & I.</p> - -<p class='c007'>104. <span class='sc'>C. brevipilus.</span> B. & S. In dense broad tufts, -when dry glossy yellow green above, fuscescent below, ¾–1¼ -in. high, almost free from radicles, fastigiate; l. erect densely -crowded, narrowly lanceolate-subulate, very concave, the -point denticulate at margin and back, not auricled; nerve -one-third width of leaf base excurrent into a short hair point; -per. l. wider sheathing, narrowed into a hispid hair, margin -recurved above base. Areolæ lax; basal cells quadrate, -above rhomboidal flexuose, marginal very narrow; fem. fl. -solitary.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Heathy places. Sussex, Hants, Cheshire, York, Arran.</p> - -<p class='c006'>105. <span class='sc'>C. introflexus.</span> Brid. (<i>C. longipilus.</i> Bry. Eur. -pro parte. <i>C. polytrichoides.</i> De Not. <i>D. ericetorum.</i> Mitt.) -<span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>Densely tufted, olivaceous brown below, innov. yellow green -with hoary tips; ¾–1½in. high, sparingly radiculose, dichotomous; -l. imbricated, erecto-patent, lanceolate-subulate, -channelled; not auricled; wings but little incurved, comal -leaves broader lanceolate acuminate, lowest muticous, rest -prolonged into a diaphanous spinuloso-denticulate arista -shorter than the leaf. Nerve three-fourths width of limb, -lammelluligerous at back. Basal cells hyaline large and -empty, gradually becoming obliquely oval and minute, chlorophyllose, -a few fuscous alar cells in comal leaves; per. l. -oblong convolute, subulate at apex. Thecæ aggregated on -short peduncles, oval, unequal, rough at base, lid obliquely -rostrate. Calyp. reaching middle of capsule, sparingly -fimbriate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dry heaths and stony places. Cornwall, Jersey, Scotland, -Ireland.</p> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Leaves unicolorous.</h4> -<h5 class='c012'>* auricled at base.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>106. <span class='sc'>C. Shawii.</span> Wils. MS. Tufts lax, yellow green -above, blackish brown below, 1–2in. high. Stems robust, -with numerous radicles. L. erecto-patent, straight, rigid, -from a somewhat contracted linear base, lanceolate, longly -subulate, suddenly narrowed at one-third their length; -margin involute above, apex acute, with a few minute -denticulations. Nerve two-thirds width of base. Cells at -basal wings enlarged lax reddish brown, exterior rows -hyaline, above rectangular, and then rhomboido-elliptic. -Leaves falcate when growing in dry places.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Outer Hebrides, 1866 (Mr. Shaw).</p> - -<p class='c007'>107. <span class='sc'>C. alpinus.</span> Schpr. Densely cæspitose, 2–3in. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span>high, stem erect, dichotomous, with rufous radicles from -back of leaf base at base of innovations. L. rigid, fragile, -and deciduous, erect or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate, -becoming larger upwards and longly subulate, subtubular, -subula sharply or obsoletely serrate. Nerve half width of -base. Auricles very large decurrent, cells orange brown, -central hyaline, above laxer narrowly hexagono-rectangular, -and at last quadrate without chlorophyll, solid and yellowish.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist heaths and rocks. Wales and Scotland.</p> - -<p class='c007'>108. <span class='sc'>C. flexuosus.</span> Brid. Tufts dense yellowish green. -Stems ½–1½in. high, erect dichotomous, with rufous purple -radicles to apex, bearing gemmæ intermixed. L. patent -straight or secund, sub-falcate, lower lanceolate upper -subulate, uppermost very long and toothed at apex all concave, -glossy, red when old. Nerve one-third width of base; -angles not decurrent, with short wide fuscous cells, others -hexagono-rectangular, upper quadrate and chlorophyllose; -per. l. nine; inner sheathing longly subulate, with a narrower -nerve, calyptra fuscous at apex. Caps. oval, regular, or -gibbous, short-necked olivaceous, with eight striæ, sulcate -when dry; lid conico-rostrate; annulus broad double.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine moist rocks and peaty soil. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>109. <span class='sc'>C. paradoxus.</span> Wils. MS. Tufts ½–1in. high, -fastigiate, dull yellowish green above, pale brown below; st. -with short lateral ramuli, and few rufous radicles. L. erecto-patent -(erecto-appressed when dry) uppermost longest -slightly secund lanceolate-subulate, concave; apex usually of -two teeth, with a few irregular ones below on each side. -Nerve one-third width of base. Lamina extended to apex; -basal cells thin enlarged hyaline when young, afterwards -<span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span>fuscous, above rectangular, in 14–16 longitudinal rows, -thickened and quadrate towards apex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Peaty soil, Cheviots (barren), Boyd and Hardy, 1868.</p> - -<p class='c007'>110. <span class='sc'>C. setifolius.</span> Wils. Tufts lax soft, bright or -yellowish green above, blackish below, without radicles. St. -5–10in. slender, erect, geniculate. L. distant erecto-patent -or sub-secund, glossy, from a lanceolate base gradually -running into a very long subula, sometimes half twisted; -uppermost with wings serrate. Nerve half width of base; -auricles very large and inflated, the cells partly fuscous, -partly hyaline, hexagonal, above hexagono-rectangular, upper -rhombic chlorophyllose; fl. of each sex collected in capitula; -males 3–4, fem. numerous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet places, and clefts of rocks. I. S.</p> - -<p class='c007'>111. <span class='sc'>C. Swartzii.</span> Schpr. Tufts dense soft yellowish -green, brownish below, without radicles. St. 2–3in. slender; -l. erecto-patent, straight or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate, -upper lanceolate-subulate, entire at apex, base somewhat -sheathing, auricles hyaline inflated decurrent. Nerve two-thirds -of base, finely sulcate at back towards apex. Basal -areolæ narrow, auricular very lax hexagono-rectangular -hyaline, above sub-quadrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Granite alpine rocks. Wales, Scotland.</p> - -<h5 class='c012'>* * L. not auricled.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'>§ St. radiculose.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>112. <span class='sc'>C. fragilis.</span> B. & S. Tufts pale green glossy, st. -½–2in. fragile. L. densely crowded erecto-patent rigid -incumbent when dry, lower lanceolate, upper extended into a -subula, toothed at apex, wings recurved above. Nerve very -<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>broad. Basal areolæ lax pellucid narrow rectangular, above -minute quadrate, no distinct alar cells. Caps. solitary, bent -down, oval, symmetric, fuscous, when dry plicate, contracted -below the mouth, lid conico-subulate oblique, red; calyp. -whitish, rufous at apex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone rocks and moist heaths.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>densus.</i> (B. & S.) st. taller, l. shorter, with more acute entire points and laxer - cells. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>113. <span class='sc'>C. Schimperi.</span> Milde. Tufts dense compact. St. -1–2in. slender light silky green above, fuscous below. L. -erecto-patent, appressed when dry, straight rigid, lanceolate-subulate, -channelled, denticulate only at apex. Nerve very -broad. Basal cells lax rectangular hyaline, very narrow at -margin, above elliptic.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine hills. Scotland.</p> - -<p class='c007'>114. <span class='sc'>C. pyriformis.</span> Brid. (<i>C. turfaceus.</i> B. & S.) -Tufts flat olivaceous or bright green, finally tawny. St. ½–1in. -slender erect, radiculose only at base. L. less crowded, -gradually larger upwards, erecto-patent, lower lanceolate, -middle lanceolate-subulate, upper from a lanceolate base -setaceous. Nerve one-third base, thin channelled at back. -Areolæ resembling <i>C. flexuosus</i>, but thinner, hyaline at base -Fr. several from same apex; caps. ovate olivaceous, fulvous -when ripe, sulcate, lid obliquely rostrate; calyp. whitish, tip -brown.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist heaths and sides of ditches.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>Mulleri.</i> Juratzka. L. caducous, calyptra without fringe. - </dd> - </dl> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span> - <h6 class='c012'>§ § St. very short, not radiculose.</h6> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>115. <span class='sc'>C. brevifolius.</span> Schpr. St. ½in. yellowish green, -with caducous ramuli. L. short rigid erect lanceolate, -longly acuminate, concave, obsoletely toothed at apex. -Nerve half base; basal areolæ hyaline lax rectangular, -gradually shorter and more quadrate, lower ones with their -transverse walls much thickened.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dry and stony places. Scotland.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>21. POTTIA. <span class='sc'>Ehrh.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>116. <span class='sc'>P. pusilla.</span> Hedw. (<i>P. cavifolia.</i> Ehr.) St. very -short and simple or branched; l. erecto-patent concave, -obovate or elliptical; caps. oval, on a short seta; lid -obliquely rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and mud walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd>stem short, l. somewhat acuminate, scarcely piliferous. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>incana.</i> N. & H. l. with long hair-like points. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>117. <span class='sc'>P. minutula.</span> B. & S. Very minute, l. carinate, -spreading, ovate-lanceolate, with recurved margins; caps. -small, ovate-truncate; lid flattish conical, not beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fallow fields. <span class='right'>Winter and Spring.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>rufescens.</i> l. narrower reddish. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>conica.</i> l. ovate-lanceolate, with a short mucro, caps. narrower at mouth. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>118. <span class='sc'>P. truncatula.</span> L. St. ⅛in., l. spreading obovate-acuminate -or oblong-lanceolate, with a slightly excurrent -<span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>nerve; caps. obovate, truncate, with a wide mouth; lid -convex obliquely rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fallow soil. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II. III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>major.</i> caps. oval-oblong, stem smaller. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>sub-cylindrica.</i> l. ovate-lanceolate; nerve much excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>119. <span class='sc'>P. crinita.</span> Wils. St. ¼in. tufted; l. obovate-oblong -obtuse; nerve excurrent into a very long hair-like -point; caps. elliptic-oblong, scarcely contracted, calyp. -smooth.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocky and moist places.</p> - -<p class='c007'>120. <span class='sc'>P. Wilsoni.</span> B. & S. St. ¼in. in tufts, l. ovate-oblong, -obtuse; nerve excurrent into a longish mucro; -caps. elliptic-oblong, contracted at mouth; lid shortly and -obliquely rostrate; calyp. rough at apex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>121. <span class='sc'>P. littoralis.</span> Mitt. (Jour. Bot. <span class='fss'>IX.</span>, 4.) L. -oblong-spathulate obtuse or acute, lower pale, upper green, -nerve excurrent, longer in lower leaves; areolæ in upper -part of leaf small obscure, smooth, lower oblong pellucid; -caps. oblong-oval, mouth less than greatest diameter; lid -rostrate slightly twisted; male fl. bud-like.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Aldington, near Brighton, Hastings.</p> - -<p class='c007'>122. <span class='sc'>P. asperula.</span> Mitt. (l. c.) L. obovate-spathulate, -acute, but not acuminate, nerve excurrent into a short point; -areolæ upper rounded rather obscure, each with several -elevated points, lower oblong smooth pellucid; caps. oval, -lid rostrate slightly twisted; antheridia naked in axils of -comal leaves.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Henfield, Sussex; Penzance (Curnow), Jersey (Piquet).</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span>123. <span class='sc'>P. viridifolia.</span> Mitt. (l. c.) (<i>P. pallida</i>, Braith. -Jour. Bot. <span class='fss'>VIII.</span>, 255, non Lindberg.) L. obovate-spathulate -obtuse or slightly acute; nerve not very stout, excurrent -into a short point; margin recurved at middle; areolæ, -upper hexagonal or nearly square, obscure, with minute -protuberances, lower oblong hyaline smooth; caps. oblong -on a short seta; lid rostrate; antheridia in axils of comal -leaves.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Plymouth (Holmes).</p> - -<p class='c007'>124. <span class='sc'>P. Heimii.</span> B. & S. St. ⅛–¼in. cæspitose, branched; -l. spreading, oblong-lanceolate, margin not recurved; caps. -obovate or oblong truncate, lid obliquely rostrate, adherent -to columella.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks near the sea. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>22. ANACALYPTA. <span class='sc'>Röhl.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>125. <span class='sc'>A. Starkeana.</span> N. & H. Minute, gregarious; l. -spreading ovate-lanceolate, entire, margin recurved; nerve -excurrent; caps. small oval brown; lid convexo-conical; -per. teeth obtuse perforate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and fields. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>I. II.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>brachyodus.</i> caps. narrower; per. teeth very short truncate. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>126. <span class='sc'>A. cæspitosa.</span> Bruch. Minute cæspitose; l. -oblong-lanceolate or ovate, concave, plane, nerve excurrent; -caps. ovate yellowish brown, lid with a long beak; per. -teeth perforate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woolsonbury Hill, Sussex (chalk). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>127. <span class='sc'>A. lanceolata.</span> <span class='sc'>Röhl.</span> St. ¼–½in. cæspitose; l. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>spreading ovate-lanceolate acute, margin recurved, entire; -nerve excurrent into a longish mucro; caps. ovate; lid -conical obliquely rostrate; per. teeth very variable, rather -long, with a medial line.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist limestone banks, walls, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>128. <span class='sc'>A. latifolia.</span> N. & H. St. short, gregarious, -bulb-like; l. imbricate, broadly roundish ovate, pointed or -obtuse, concave, nerve ceasing below apex: caps. oval-oblong, -lid long, rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks, in crevices. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>pilifera.</i> l. with hair-like points. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h3 class='c011'>[23. DESMATODON. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span>—<i>Vide</i> “<span class='sc'>Tortula</span>.”]</h3> - -<h3 class='c011'>24. DISTICHIUM. B. & S.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>129. <span class='sc'>D. capillaceum.</span> B. & S. St. 1–2in. cæspitose; l. -subulate-setaceous, spreading; caps. erect, ovate-oblong or -almost cylindrical, reddish brown; per. teeth, narrow, -articulate, bi- or tri-fid.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotch and Welsh mountains. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>130. <span class='sc'>D. inclinatum.</span> B. & S. St. shorter than last, and -less cæspitose; leaves same, per. l. 1, 2, or 3 together; caps. -oval, olive-brown, inclined or cernuous; per. teeth larger -lanceolate, articulate, entire or perforate, bi-trifid.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Irish and Scotch mountains. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>tenue.</i> smaller in all its parts. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h3 class='c011'>25. DIDYMODON. <span class='sc'>Br. & S.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>1. Monoicous.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>131. <span class='sc'>D. rubellus.</span> B. & S. St. ¼–1in. cæspitose, lower -<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>leaves reddish, upper dull green, all oblong-lanceolate, -spreading, margin recurved, keeled, nerved nearly to apex; -caps. pale brown, cylindrical; lid with a short oblique beak; -antheridia naked in axils of per. l.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady walls, rocks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>132. <span class='sc'>D. Jenneri.</span> Schp. St. 1–1½in. cæspitose, brownish -black below; br. fastigiate; l. spreading cirrhate linear-lanceolate -concave, keeled, serrate, nerved to apex; areolæ -minute rectangular transparent at base; caps. oval-oblong, -slightly drooping, lid with a short obtuse beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ross-shire (Jenner and Howie). [Referred by Wilson, -and others, to <i>Cynodontium polycarpon</i>.]</p> - -<h4 class='c012'>2. Dioicous.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> L. lanceolate, rigid.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>133. <span class='sc'>D. luridus.</span> Hornsch. St. ¼–1in. cæspitose; l., -lower ovate-lanceolate, upper larger and broader, with entire -recurved margins, keeled, acute, nerved (reddish) almost or -quite to apex, areolæ small roundish; caps. symmetrical -oblong on a shortish seta twisted to the right; lid conical -pointed; per. teeth small irregular.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone walls, &c., rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> L. narrow, not rigid.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>134. <span class='sc'>D. cylindricus.</span> B. & S. ¼–1in.; l. spreading -flexuose, linear-lanceolate, margin undulate and minutely -crenulate; areolæ small opaque, gradually enlarged towards -the base, there diaphanous; caps. erect, narrow, cylindrical; -lid long conico-rostrate, per. teeth linear-lanceolate, fugacious.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Damp shady rocks. E. S. & I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span>135. <span class='sc'>D. flexifolius.</span> Hook. & Tayl. Barren stems long -trailing, fertile ½in; l. spreading, flexuose, more so when -dry, oblong or ligulate, margin reflexed below, and serrate at -apex, nerve not reaching apex; areolæ round; caps. small -cylindrical, somewhat curved, lid with a short beak; per. -teeth short.</p> - -<p class='c006'>High moorlands, Buxton, Alderley Edge, Ben Ledi. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_2'> - <dt>var. <i>gemmescens.</i></dt> - <dd>Mitt. MS. Nerve excurrent into an apiculus, which bears a cluster of egg-shaped or oblong - gemmæ. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>Old thatch, Amberley, Sussex (Mitten).</p> - -<p class='c007'>136. <span class='sc'>D. recurvifolius.</span> Tayl. “Stems elongate, loosely -cæspitose; l. squarrose, crisped and undulate when dry; -elliptic-oblong or ligulate, pale margined serrulate, nerve -sub-excurrent; areolæ small dense opaque, elongate and -pellucid at base.” Ireland, 1842; fruit not known (Wilson).</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>26. TRICHOSTOMUM. <span class='sc'>Br. & S.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span> L. lanceolate or ligulate: dioicous.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>137. <span class='sc'>T. tophaceum.</span> Brid. St. ¼–1in. densely cæspitose, -branches fasciculate; l. lanceolate (the upper ones obtuse), -concave keeled, margins recurved; nerve not reaching to -apex; caps. sub-cylindrical erect, regular; lid with an -oblique beak; per. teeth variable, sometimes only 16, somewhat -fugacious.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist places and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>138. <span class='sc'>T. brachydontium.</span> Bruch. (<i>T. mutabile.</i> olim.) -<span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span>L. broader, lanceolate or ligulate, crisped, not cucullate, -margin slightly undulate, nerve excurrent into a prominent -mucro; caps. ovate-oblong erect, regular; lid obliquely -rostrate; per. teeth very short and irregular.</p> - -<p class='c007'>139. <span class='sc'>T. crispulum.</span> Bruch. St. ¼–1in., l. lower lanceolate, -distant; upper crowded, longer, linear-lanceolate -concave cucullate at apex, crisped when dry; nerve prolonged -into a short mucro; caps. oval, erect, regular; lid -with an oblique beak; perist. t. in unequal pairs.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone rocks near the sea; Ormes Head; Anglesea; -Bristol. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>brevifolium.</i> l. shorter, lanceolate, acuminate, caps. smaller. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>angustifolium.</i> l. narrowly linear-lanceolate crowded, apiculate. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>140. <span class='sc'>T. flavo-virens.</span> Bruch. Müller. St. short, with -innovations from summit (interruptedly comose); l. oblong-ligulate, -obtuse mucronate, margins entire undulate incurved; -fruit-stalk red, slightly flexuose; thick nerve prolonged into -a short mucro; caps. oblong-cylindrical pale yellowish -brown, with a red mouth; per. t. elongate, regular, in pairs. -Lid acuminate, half as long as caps. with an oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shoreham, Sussex; Plymouth (Holmes), Malahide (Dr. -Moore). [W. Mitten. Jour. Bot., <span class='fss'>VI.</span>, p. 97.]</p> - -<p class='c007'>141. <span class='sc'>T. littorale.</span> Mitten. St. elongate, tufted, more or -less interruptedly comose; l. erecto-patent, oblong-ligulate -obtuse, channelled, recurved towards apex, with nerve excurrent -<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>into a short mucro; basal cells hyaline oblong and -rectangular.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ireland; Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; Hastings, (loc. cit. -p. 99.)</p> - -<p class='c007'>142. <span class='sc'>T. (Ditrichum) tenue.</span> Hedw. Dwarf, branched. -L. from an erect base, patent or secund, narrowly lanceolate, -uppermost lanceolate-subulate; per. l. sheathing half their -length, quite entire; caps. oblong erect or a little curved, lid -conic rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Carn Lochan and Mael Girdy, 1863 (Crombie); Clova -(Fergusson). <span class='right'>[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. <span class='fss'>VIII.</span> 228.]</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>β.</dt> - <dd><i>glaciale.</i> in long broad tufts with broader erecto-patent leaves. (This is - <i>Ditrichum zonatum</i> Lorenz.) - </dd> - </dl> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span> L. subulate from a lanceolate base.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>A. dioicous.</i></h5> - -<p class='c013'>143. <span class='sc'>T. tortile.</span> Schrad. St. ¼in. gregarious, sub-flexuose; -l. mostly secund, somewhat falcate, margin -reflexed, nerve excurrent into the slightly toothed apex; -caps. small cylindrical, erect, regular or curved; lid conical, -slightly rostrate; per. teeth irregular, purplish red.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy places, rare; Belfast, Yorkshire, Sussex. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>144. <span class='sc'>T. flexicaule.</span> Br. & S. St. 1–3in. flexuose, -cæspitose, with fastigiate branches; l. longer and more -setaceous than in last, flexuose, concave, usually secund, -nerve broad, excurrent, toothed at apex; caps. erect, small, -ovate-oblong; annulus present; per. teeth long irregular.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotch and Derbyshire mountains (calcareous). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>densum.</i> densely cæspitose; l. straighter. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>145. <span class='sc'>T. homomallum.</span> B. & S. St. scarcely ½in. cæspitose; -l. subulato-setaceous from a broadish base, mostly -secund, nerve broad, much excurrent; caps. erect oblong-ovate, -brown on a long red seta; annulus present; lid short -conical obtuse; basilar membrane of perist. very narrow.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy banks. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'>B. <i>monoicous.</i></h5> - -<p class='c013'>146. <span class='sc'>T. subulatum.</span> Bruch. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. -subulato-setaceous from an ovate base, spreading or somewhat -secund, with a long excurrent nerve; caps. oval, lid -large obliquely rostellate; seta somewhat flexuose; annulus -none; basilar membrane very narrow; antheridia axillary -naked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Cornwall (Rev.—Tozer). <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>147. <span class='sc'>T. glaucescens.</span> Hedw. St. ½in., branches fastigiate; -l. glaucous, linear-lanceolate, margin plane (upper -crowded into a tuft or coma), nerve sometimes excurrent into -the denticulate apex; caps. oblong-oval, pale brown, with a -long beaked lid; basilar membrane very narrow; barren fl. -gemmiform.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotch mountains. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>27. TORTULA. <span class='sc'>Schreb.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span> <span class='sc'>Aloidella.</span> L. rigid, covered on the upper side with articulated cellular filaments or gemmæ arising from the broad nerve.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>148. <span class='sc'>T. stellata.</span> Schreb. 1771. (<i>T. rigida.</i> Schultz,) -St. minute, loosely cæspitose; l. spreading from an upright -<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>base oblong obtuse, margin inflexed membranaceous; caps. -erect elliptical; lid with a long oblique beak; calyp. half as -large as capsule; per. teeth long, and much twisted; -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>149. <span class='sc'>T. ambigua.</span> Br. & S. (larger in all its parts than -last.) L. ligulate lanceolate, apex cucullate, margin incurved; -caps. erect cylindrical; lid rostrate; calyp. very -short; per. teeth filiform, little twisted; arcuato-incurved -when dry: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls and banks (marly). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>150. <span class='sc'>T. aloides.</span> Br. & S. St. as above; l. spreading, -narrowly lanceolate, acute, with a strong nerve; caps. -cylindrical inclined; lid conical, bluntly rostrate; per. -teeth scarcely twisted, when dry widely spreading: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span> <span class='sc'>Cuneifoliæ.</span> L. broadly or spathulato-lanceolate.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>151. <span class='sc'>T. lamellata.</span> Lindb. (<i>Pottia cavifolia</i> var. <i>gracilis</i>. -Bry. Brit.) St. very short cæspitose; l. rather lax erecto-patent, -concave, lower smaller, roundish oval, piliferous, -upper larger oval spathulate, nerve excurrent into mucro; -caps. oblong sub-cylindrical, striate when dry, on a long red -seta; lid with a long rather oblique beak; perist. that of a -true <i>Tortula</i>, but so fragile as to have escaped notice, and -always falling off with the operculum according to Dr. -Schimper; monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and walls, Oxford (Boswell), Pontefract, Edinburgh -(Nowell); Aldrington (Davies). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span>152. <span class='sc'>T. atrovirens.</span> Smith. Lindb. [<i>Didymodon nervosus</i>, -Hook. & T. <i>Desmatodon nervosus</i>, Bry. Brit.] St. ¼in. -densely cæspitose, branched; l. spreading oval or oblong -concave, margins revolute, nerve thick, prolonged into a -short mucro; areolæ small roundish larger and diaphanous -at base; caps. oval-oblong, lid large conical with an oblique -beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dry banks, &c., near the sea.</p> - -<p class='c007'>153. <span class='sc'>T. cuneifolia.</span> Dicks. Gregarious; st. simple; l. -upper crowded oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, nerve sometimes -excurrent, soft, pellucid, areolæ loose; lower broadly ovate -aristate; caps. oblong erect, lid obtuse short; basilar membrane -of perist. broadish: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks, sea coast, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>154. <span class='sc'>T. marginata.</span> B. & S. St. simple gregarious or -cæspitose; l. oblong-lanceolate or linear, margin thickened, -nerve sometimes excurrent into a mucro; caps. oblong, lid -very large, shortly rostrate; basilar membrane narrow.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone walls, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>155. <span class='sc'>T. Vahliana.</span> Schultz. Small, gregarious or -cæspitose; l. lower oblong, upper oblong wedge-shaped, -nerve excurrent subulate, margin reflexed; caps. narrow -elongate cylindrical, brown, sometimes slightly incurved; -lid shortly subulate, annulus broad; basilar membrane of -perist. tesselate: monoicous. Differs from <i>muralis</i> in its -broader softer leaves, narrower capsule, and longer basilar -tube.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Damp clayey ground, on road sides, &c. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Sussex, 1863 (G. Davies); Woking, Surrey (Sheppard -and Westell.)</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.<span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span></dt> - <dd><i>subflaccida.</i> (<i>T. oblongifolia</i>, Bry. Brit.) L. with margins more or less - revolute, crenulate, with minute papillæ. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>156. <span class='sc'>T. canescens.</span> Br. Simple gregarious or cæspitose, -hoary; l. lower obovate, upper oval-oblong, all concave, -with a recurved margin, and nerve excurrent into a long -hair-like point; caps. small oblong erect, with a long oblique -conical lid; basilar membrane broadish: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fairlight Glen, Hastings. (Mr. Jenner).</p> - -<p class='c007'>157. <span class='sc'>T. muralis.</span> Timm. Short, cæspitose; l. oblong -obtuse, margin recurved, nerve excurrent into a long hair-like -point; caps. oblong erect, with a long rostellate lid; -basilar membrane narrow: monoicous.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>incana.</i> caps. small; l. oval-lanceolate, with long hair points. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>æstiva.</i> l. long linear-lanceolate, nerve scarcely excurrent. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>rupestris.</i> larger and much branched; l. larger oblong, piliferous, caps. longer, - curved. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>Walls and stones (δ limestone). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. III. Barbula.</span> L. naked, narrowly or ovate-lanceolate, in some species slightly cirrhate when dry.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>158. <span class='sc'>T. mucronata.</span> Brid. [<i>Cinclidotus riparius</i> β. -<i>terrestris</i>. Bry. Brit.] St. 1–2in. radiculose, branches -fastigiate; l. erecto-patent, long lingulate, concave, minutely -papillose on both sides, margin slightly recurved, nerve thick -<span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span>excurrent into a mucro; areolæ upper minute, rectangular -and hyaline at base; caps. erect cylindrical incurved, lid -with an oblique beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones in streams. Anglesea, Bristol, Surrey, Sussex, in -fr. (Davies.) <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>159. <span class='sc'>T. unguiculata.</span> Hedw. St. ⅛–1in. cæspitose, -dichotomous; l. oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, margin recurved, -nerve excurrent into a short mucro; caps. oblong-cylindrical -erect on a long reddish seta; lid with a subulate beak: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay banks and hedges. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>cuspidata.</i> stems shorter, l. narrower, with a longer mucro. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>apiculata.</i> l. spreading recurved, mucro long. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>microcarpa.</i> caps. small oval or oval-oblong. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd><i>obtusifolia.</i> more robust, l. shorter, broader obtuse, mucro almost or altogether - absent; caps. sub-cylindrical. - </dd> - <dt>ζ.</dt> - <dd><i>fastigiata.</i> with long fastigiate innovations; l. larger, slightly undulate. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>160. <span class='sc'>T. convoluta.</span> Hedw. Cæspitose; l. spreading -oblong-lanceolate, plane or somewhat undulate in margin, -nerve not excurrent; per. l. strongly convolute, sheathing; -caps. inclined oblong-ovate, on a yellowish seta; lid with a -long oblique beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>161. <span class='sc'>T. revoluta.</span> Schwaeg. Densely cæspitose, l. crowded -erecto-patent oblong-lanceolate, nerve excurrent from the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>blunt apex, margin strongly revolute; caps. reddish brown -oval-oblong, with a scarcely oblique lid; seta red: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, mostly limestone. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>162. <span class='sc'>T. Hornschuchiana.</span> Schultz. Loosely cæspitose, -l. crowded, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to -an acute point, formed by slightly excurrent nerve, margins -slightly revolute; caps. oblong slightly curved, annulus -narrow: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks, walls, and banks, not common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>163. <span class='sc'>T. vinealis.</span> Brid. St. more tufted than in <i>T. -fallax</i>; l. strictly patent with a stouter nerve, which is -obscure towards the acute apex; the latter usually tipped -with a pointed hyaline cell; appressed when dry, not crisped -or contorted; caps. sub-cylindrical: dioicous. (W. Mitten, -in Jour. Bot. v. 324.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>164. <span class='sc'>T. insulana.</span> De Not. (<i>T. vinealis</i> β. <i>flaccida</i>. -Bryol. Brit. 124.) St. loosely cæspitose; l. linear-subulate -from a lanceolate appressed base, recurved or hooked, -obliquely patent, acute, margin recurved below, above plane, -nerve excurrent; contorted when dry; caps. oblong erect; -lid conical attenuate, somewhat obtuse, half as long as -capsule: rare in fruit. (loc. cit. 328.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>England and Ireland.</p> - -<p class='c007'>* [<span class='sc'>T. gracilis.</span> Schw. Stem cæspitose, branches fastigiate; -“l. erecto-patent, imbricated when dry, carinato-concave, -margin recurved, nerve excurrent; per. l. larger, -sheathing subulate, and flexuose at apex; caps. ovate-oblong -or ovate; perist. scarcely contorted, with a broadish basilar -<span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span>membrane.”—Wils. Bryol. Brit. p. 123. Inserted from -Wilson, but has not yet been certainly found in Britain.]</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Spring.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>165. <span class='sc'>T. rigidula.</span> Hedw. (<i>Trichost. rigidulum</i>, var. β. -<i>densum</i>. Bryol. Brit. 114.) l. lanceolate carinate, rigid, -bristly, not appressed and imbricate, when dry slightly curved -and loosely contorted; nerve stout continued into a thick -obscure point, not really excurrent; fruit similar to No. 164. -(loc. cit. 327.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotland, York, Sussex, and Cornwall.</p> - -<p class='c007'>166. <span class='sc'>T. spadicea.</span> Mitt. (<i>Trichostomum rigidulum.</i> -Bryol. Brit., p. 114.) St. robust 1–2in.; l. patent from the -base, lanceolate-subulate, canaliculate, margin recurved -below; incurved and closely imbricate when dry; nerve percurrent -and distinct to apex; per. l. lower half erect broadly -ovate, upper narrow, recurved; caps. erect cylindrical on a -red seta; lid shortly subulate, twisted; teeth narrow, on a -short membrane: dioicous. (loc. cit., p. 326.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and stones near water. Scotland, Ireland, Bolton -Abbey. <span class='right'>Autumn, Winter.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>167. <span class='sc'>T. fallax.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate -from a broadish base, keeled, margin recurved, somewhat -squarrose, gradually tapering and nerved to apex; per. l. -sheathing; caps. variable both in size and shape, usually sub-cylindrical, -with an obtuse rostrate lid often as long as itself: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay and limestone banks. <span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>168. <span class='sc'>T. reflexa.</span> Brid. [<i>T. fallax.</i> δ. Bry. Brit.] St. -loosely cæspitose; l. tristichous, recurved and falcate, slightly -<span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span>twisted, from an oblong base lanceolate, keeled, strongly -papillose on both sides, margin reflexed below, nerve -vanishing below apex; caps. erect cylindrical regular; lid -subulate beaked: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Calcareous rocks and walls, rare in fr.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotland, Yorkshire, Derbyshire; Rydal Water (Baker). -[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. of Bot. <span class='fss'>IX.</span>, 293.]</p> - -<p class='c007'>169. <span class='sc'>T. rufa.</span> (Lorenz). Braithwaite. “St. 2–5in. often -prostrate at base, sparingly dichotomous, dense leaved. L. -recurved when moist, solid from an ovate base lanceolate, -gradually apiculate, margin strongly recurved, nerve vanishing -just below apex; cells at base rhomboid pellucid, at apex -minute quadrate papillose. Reported from Ben Lawers by -Dr. Stirton, but I have not seen British specimens.”—[Dr. -Braithwaite, l. c. 293.]</p> - -<p class='c007'>170. <span class='sc'>T. recurvifolia.</span> Mitt. (<i>T. gigantea</i>, Lindb.). -“In large fuscous green tufts, blackish brown at base. -St. 3–8in. simple or bi-tripartite, robust dense leaved, with -a few radicles. L. trifarious squarroso-recurved, when dry -twisted and crisped, elongate lanceolate concave, margin -strongly revolute, nerve strong, reaching apex; basal cells -elongate with sinuous walls, above irregularly stellate.” -(l. c. 293.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dripping alpine rocks. Ben Bulben, Sligo (Moore).</p> - -<p class='c006'>Buxton in fruit, June, 1865. G. E. Hunt.</p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. IV. Syntrichia.</span> Lower portion of peristome forming a long tube.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>171. <span class='sc'>T. princeps.</span> De Not. (<i>T. Mulleri.</i> B. & S.) St. -1–2in., cæspitose, with brownish radicles; l. erecto-patent, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>oblong broad, concave, fawn-coloured, margin reflexed; -nerve excurrent into a short scabrous hair point from a -rounded obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, straight or curved -on a purplish seta; one-half perist. tubular: synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks, Scotland. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>172. <span class='sc'>T. ruralis.</span> Hedw. Cæspitose, branches dichotomous; -l. squarrose, recurved ovate-oblong keeled, nerve -excurrent into a long scabrous hair point from the acute -apex, margin slightly recurved; caps. sub-cylindrical -slightly curved; quite one-half perist. tubular; lid long -conical: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls and roofs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>173. <span class='sc'>T. lævipila.</span> Brid. Cæspitose; l. spreading -obovate-oblong or almost panduriform, margin slightly -recurved below, nerve reddish, excurrent into a longish -white hair point from the obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, -slightly curved, lid conical; one-third perist. tubular: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>174. <span class='sc'>T. intermedia.</span> Brid. (<i>T. ruralis</i> β <i>minor</i>, Wils. -Bry. Brit.) Smaller and densely cæspitose or sub-pulvinate; -l. erecto-patent, oblong spathulate apex obtuse, nerve excurrent -into a long scabrous hair point; caps. shorter than in -172: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone walls, Scotland and N. Wales. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>175. <span class='sc'>T. papillosa.</span> Wils. Cæspitose; l. spreading -obovate concave, margin plane (involute when dry), nerve -thick papillose on the back, and excurrent into a smooth hair -<span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>point from suddenly tapering apex; a few hyaline cells at -base: fr. not known.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wales, Sussex, and Hampshire.</p> - -<p class='c007'>176. <span class='sc'>T. latifolia.</span> B. & S. L. obovate-spathulate or -almost panduriform, soft and flaccid, with a scarcely excurrent -nerve, notched at the obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical -slightly curved, with a long rostrate lid; quite one-third of -perist. tubular; annulus small: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Roots of trees, stones, &c.; fruit rare. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>177. <span class='sc'>T. subulata.</span> Brid. Cæspitose, simple or branched; -l. oblong-lanceolate, narrowed and pellucid at base, margin -plane, sometimes with a row of larger cells, nerve excurrent -into a short mucro, apex sometimes slightly toothed; caps. -very long cylindrical curved with a short lid; half peristome -tubular: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy hedge banks, walls, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. V. Tortuosæ.</span> L. strongly twisted and cirrhate when dry.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>178. <span class='sc'>T. tortuosa.</span> W. & M. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. very -long linear-lanceolate, crowded flexuose, margin plane and -undulated, with an excurrent nerve; per. l. narrow and -tapering cirrhate; caps. straight or incurved, erect or -inclined, ovate-oblong, on a longish seta: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone rocks, Derbyshire. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>179. <span class='sc'>T. Hibernica.</span> Mitt. St. 2in. branched; l. at -apices of branches sub-comose and stellate; base dilated and -clasping above, thence patent or patenti-divergent, straight, -rarely incurved or recurved, channelled, cirrhate when dry; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>ovate-lanceolate below, thence lineal-subulate, acute, nerve -yellow continued to apex. (loc. cit. p. 329.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountains near Dunkerran, common, but always sterile. -(Dr. Taylor.)</p> - -<p class='c007'>180. <span class='sc'>T. nitida.</span> Lindb. 1864. (<i>Trichost. diffractum</i>, -Mitt. 1868.) Dioicous, densely pulvinate: stem rigid -branched; l. crowded erecto-patent, arcuate when dry, more -or less elongate, oblong, obtuse, channelled, margin plane -slightly undulate, nerve terete prominent on back, excurrent; -areolation minute, loose and cuneiform at base; fr. not -known. (l. c. <span class='fss'>IX.</span>, 294.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clifton, Torquay, Plymouth.</p> - -<p class='c007'>181. <span class='sc'>T. sinuosa.</span> Mitt. Jour. of Bot. <span class='fss'>V.</span>, 327. (<i>Dicranella</i>, -Wils. MS.; <i>Trichostomum</i>, Lindb.) Densely cæspitose, -fuscous below, l. long linear-lanceolate or subulate patent -from a very short pellucid base, margin slightly recurved -below, above denticulate, nerve continued into a thick obscure -blunt point, often broken off; basilar cells all oblong and -rectangular; fr. not known.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady places at roots of trees, Sussex, Cornwall, Bangor.</p> - -<p class='c007'>182. <span class='sc'>T. fragilis.</span> Wils. (<i>Trichostomum</i>, Müll. Syn.) -Stem erect simple or dichotomously branched, radiculose -tomentose at base; l. crowded lanceolate-subulate, nerve -excurrent, margins plane; areolæ minute, large and hyaline -at base; caps. erect, ovate-oblong, regular or slightly -incurved; lid conical with a long oblique beak; fruit rare. -(l. c. <span class='fss'>IX.</span>, 294.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clefts of rocks and on the ground. Ben Lawers.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Summer.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>183. <span class='sc'>T. squarrosa.</span> De Not. St. 1in. cæspitose; l. -squarrose, lanceolate, recurved, with a broad sheathing base, -margin undulate, with large diaphanous cells, somewhat -serrulate at apex; nerve scarcely excurrent; capsule sub-cylindrical, -narrow, slightly curved; lid conical, half as long -as capsule; seta 1in. long: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Chalk. Ireland and S. of England; fr. not known in -this country.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>28. CINCLIDOTUS. B. & S.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>[<span class='sc'>C. riparius.</span> Walker Arnott. Acrocarpous; branches -fasciculate; “l. spreading oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with -thickened margins, very shortly mucronate, nerve excurrent; -caps. exserted on a short thick pedicel, elliptic-oblong; lid -obliquely conico-rostrate; perist. with numerous subdivisions.”] -Bry. Brit. 138.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Not found in Britain, but <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>terrestris</i> has been frequently found, and is now referred to <i>Tortula - mucronata</i>, to which refer. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>184. <span class='sc'>C. fontinaloides.</span> P. Beauv. Cladocarpous; st. 2–5in., -in long straggling tufts, generally floating; l. crowded, -spreading, flexuose, lanceolate, acute, with a thickened -margin and strong excurrent nerve; per. l. larger sheathing -ovate-lanceolate, thinner; cap. immersed, with a conical -beaked lid; calyp. persistent, thick, split on one side.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones in rivulets, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>29. ENCALYPTA. Schreb.</h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'>1. Peristome wanting.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>185. <span class='sc'>E. commutata.</span> N. & H. Stems about 1in. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>branched radiculose; l. squarrose, from an erect ovate base -lanceolate, concave, acute, nerve excurrent; caps. smooth -cylindrical, with a long beaked lid; calyp. jagged but not -fringed at base.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine summits. Scotland. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'>2. Peristome single.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>186. <span class='sc'>E. vulgaris.</span> Hedw. St. about ½in. branched, -radiculose; l. spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, acute or -obtuse, nerve sometimes excurrent; margin plane; caps. -smooth cylindrical; base of calyptra entire; perist. very -fugacious.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone walls, rocks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd>perist. none, leaves apiculate (common). - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd>perist. none, l. obtuse and concave at apex. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd>perist. none, l. obtuse; caps. oblique. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd>perist. none, l. piliferous. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>187. <span class='sc'>E. ciliata.</span> Hedw. St. about ½in. radiculose; l. -oblong-ovate, margin recurved below, and toothed near apex; -gradually tapering to a point formed by the excurrent nerve, -undulate; caps. cylindrical, smooth; perist. persistent; -calyptra fringed at base.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>188. <span class='sc'>E. rhabdocarpa.</span> Schw. St. ½–1in. radiculose; l. -spreading, erect and crisped when dry, oblong-lanceolate, -nerve generally more or less excurrent into a mucro, margins -plane; caps. oblong-cylindrical, striate, ribbed when dry; -perist. persistent; calyp. slightly toothed at base, and -roughish at apex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountains in Scotland and Ireland. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span> - <h4 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Dioicous: perist. double.</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>189. <span class='sc'>E. streptocarpa.</span> Hedw. St. 1–2in. radiculose; -l. sub-erect, ligulate, obtuse and cucullate at apex, nerve not -excurrent; per. l. lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base; -caps. oblong narrowed above, spirally striate, and twisted -when dry; perist. outer teeth filiform, inner cilia; calyp. -toothed or fringed at base, and roughened at apex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone and mortared walls; rare in fr. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>30. HEDWIGIA. Ehr.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>190. <span class='sc'>H. ciliata.</span> Hedw. Monoicous; dichotomously -branched, rooting at base only; l. crowded, spreading, -sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate, concave, margin recurved -below, apex diaphanous, prolonged to a blunt point and -strongly toothed on each side; per. l. with apex laciniate; -caps. immersed globose; lid convex with a short beak; -calyp. conical, sometimes hairy.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks in mountainous districts. N. Wales, Arthur’s -Seat, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>Bry. Brit, gives as varieties—</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>β.</dt> - <dd><i>leucophæa.</i> l. more crowded and spreading, wider and with longer diaphanous points. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>secunda.</i> procumbent slender; l. more distant, secund, sub-muticous. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>viridis.</i> l. scarcely secund; spreading, deep green, scarcely diaphanous at apex. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd><i>striata.</i> l. plicate much recurved; lid conical. - </dd> - </dl> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span> - <h3 class='c011'>31. HEDWIGIDIUM. B. & S.</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>191. <span class='sc'>H. imberbe.</span> B. & S. St. 1–3in. irregularly, not -dichotomously branched, flagelliferous; l. ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, imbricate when dry, margin recurved, apex not -diaphanous, but slightly crenate; caps. exserted on a short -seta, spherical or obovate; lid with a blunt slightly oblique -beak; calyptra cucullate, reddish.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks. Wales and Ireland. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>32. GRIMMIA. <span class='sc'>Ehr.</span> B. & S.</h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. I. Schistidium.</span> Caps. smooth, immersed on a very short straight seta, calyptra small, cleft at base into several lobes.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>192. <span class='sc'>G. confertum.</span> B. & S. Cæspitose; intense green -above, blackish below; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering in the -upper ones to a short hair point; margins slightly recurved -and thickened, nerve strong, deeply channelled on its upper -side; caps. small ovate, with a rostellate lid, almost pellucid; -per. teeth much perforated, pale or orange-red.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks, Scotland. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II. III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>β.</dt> - <dd><i>urceolare.</i> caps. urceolate; leaves with white points. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>obtusifolium.</i> l. all obtuse, shorter and broader. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>incana.</i> (<i>G. pruinosa.</i> Wils. MS.) more robust, per. l. broader with long - hair points; caps. more elongate, per. teeth stronger, nearly entire red. [Dr. - Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., N. S., vol. I., 195.] Trap rocks. King’s Park (Greville); - Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh (Bell); Fife (Howie). - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_78'>78</span>193. <span class='sc'>G. apocarpum.</span> B. & S. Loosely cæspitose; l. -spreading lanceolate acuminate from an ovate erect base, -upper ones with white points, margins much recurved; nerve -ceasing below apex; per. l. larger with a thinner nerve; -caps. elliptical, not pellucid, with an oblique beaked lid; per. -teeth dark red; calyptra divided at base.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and walls, sometimes on trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.–III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>gracile.</i> per. l. secund, others sub-secund or spreading, stem decumbent elongated. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>rivulare.</i> st. fasciculate, l. ovate-lanceolate dark green obtuse; caps. turbinate. - (By streams.) - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>strictum.</i> l. reddish brown, rigid. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>194. <span class='sc'>G. maritimum.</span> B. & S. Cæspitose, dull green or -brownish; l. rigid, not hair-pointed, straight lanceolate -acuminate, keeled; nerve strong, reddish brown, excurrent, -margin plane; caps. obovate with a rostellate lid; per. -teeth large and perforate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks near the sea. Scotland. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II. Gastero-grimmia.</span> Plants very short pulvinate; caps. slightly emerging, ventricose on one side, on a short curved seta; calyptra five-lobed or cucullate.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>195. <span class='sc'>G. anodon.</span> B. & S. In small hoary cushions; l. -lower minute loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate muticous, -upper larger, broadly oblong-lanceolate concave, nerve -excurrent into long serrated hair; basal cells elongate -pellucid, above quadrate opaque; caps. immersed, oval -gymnostomous, strongly ventricose; lid plano-convex: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls and dry limestone rocks. Arthur’s Seat (Bell).</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span>196. <span class='sc'>G. crinita.</span> Brid. In loose flat silky tufts; l. -imbricate, lowest lanceolate, muticous, upper obovate-oblong -channelled, the broad diaphanous apex continued into a long -hair, nerve not reaching apex; basal cells elongate diaphanous, -upper large rounded thickened; caps. ovate, lightly -striate, sub-cernuous, furrowed when dry; lid convex with an -obtuse point; cal. dimidiate, two-lobed: monoicous. [Dr. -Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. N. S., vol. I., 195.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mortar of old walls and limestone rocks. Near Hatton, -Warwick, 1872 (J. Bagnall).</p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. III. Eu-grimmia.</span> L. ending in a hair point; caps. plicate, exserted on a curved seta; cal. multifid at base, or with a single cleft at side.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>197. <span class='sc'>G. orbicularis.</span> B. & S. Densely pulvinate; l. -oblong-lanceolate, rounded obtuse at apex, with nerve excurrent -into a long hair point, basal cellules large; caps. almost -spherical drooping on a curved yellowish seta, slightly -striate; lid small convex; annulus narrow; per. teeth trifid, -more distantly barred than the next; calyptra dimidiate: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II. III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>198. <span class='sc'>G. pulvinata.</span> Sm. Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. -l. elliptic lanceolate, margin recurved, apex rather obtuse, -terminated by the nerve excurrent into a long hair point; -caps. drooping reddish brown, ovoid, eight-furrowed; lid -convex with a straight beak; calyptra lobed at base; per. -teeth dark red bi-trifid, annulus large: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>β.</dt> - <dd><i>obtusa.</i> lid short obtuse; caps. shorter. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span>199. <span class='sc'>G. Schultzii.</span> Brid. L. crowded, sub-secund, -lanceolate, tapering into a long rough diaphanous point, -margins recurved; caps. slightly obovate, furrowed, on a -very short curved seta; annulus large; per. teeth long -tapering, deeply bifid; monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine rocks. E. S. W. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>200. <span class='sc'>G. subsquarrosa.</span> Wils. MS. Dr. F. B. White. -Bot. Soc. Edin. Trans, <span class='fss'>IX.</span>, 142. In lax dark green tufts, -fuscous at base; st. ⅓–¾in. with dichotomous short curved -branches; l. patent squarrose, erect and appressed when dry, -lowest from an ovate base gradually lanceolate, muticous, -upper longer and extended into a long denticulate hair point, -nerve strong, margin recurved; basal cells quadrate hyaline, -marginal narrow and elongate, above minute rounded quadrate. -Fr. not known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., p. 196.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks. Kinnoul Hill, Perth (Dr. B. White); Moncrieff -Hill (Dr. Stirton); Arthur’s Seat and Braid Hills, &c.</p> - -<p class='c007'>201. <span class='sc'>G. robusta.</span> Fergusson MS. In large loose tufts, -black below, dark green and hoary above; br. fastigiate; l. -erecto-patent, appressed when dry, keeled at back with the -strong nerve, margin recurved below; lower short muticous, -lanceolate from a contracted ovate base, upper longer, gradually -tapering into a long smooth hair point; cells quadrate -thickened, at centre of base longer, with a single row at -margin of basal wing hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. -196.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. Clova (Fergusson); Fairhead, Ireland, -(Dr. Moore); Cardross and Bowling (Dr. Stirton); Ross-shire -(Hunt).</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>202. <span class='sc'>G. contorta.</span> Wahl. In small deep green soft -tufts, black below and radiculose; l. patent incurved, curled -when dry, lineal subulate from a lanceolate base, with short -diaphanous hair points, keeled, margin recurved below: -basal cells diaphanous elongate hexagono-rectangular, above -sinuous and quadrate; per. l. erect sheathing; caps. small -oval smooth yellowish, cernuous on a sub-arcuate seta, erect -when dry, lid convex conical obtuse orange-red: dioicous. -[Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197; Schp. Syn. 210.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Quartz rocks. Cheviots (Hardy); Cloch-na-ben (Sim); -Glen Callater, &c. (Fergusson).</p> - -<p class='c007'>203. <span class='sc'>G. torquata.</span> Grev. (<i>G. torta.</i> N. & H. Bry. -Brit.) Loosely tufted elongate; st. 1–2in. dichotomous; -l. lanceolate acuminate, spirally twisted when dry, channelled, -occasionally hair-pointed; fruct. not known.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. E. I. S.</p> - -<p class='c007'>204. <span class='sc'>G. funalis.</span> Schwgn. (<i>G. spiralis.</i> H. & T. Bry. -Brit.) Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. slender; l. oblong or -ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent, upper ones tapering into a -long hair point, nerve not excurrent; caps. ovoid, smooth, -eight-furrowed when dry; lid short apiculate; annulus large -compound; calyp. five-lobed at base; per. teeth closely -bifid: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dry alpine rocks. E. S. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>205. <span class='sc'>G. Muhlenbeckii.</span> Schpr. Loosely pulvinate and -cæspitose; st. tall erect or procumbent dichotomous and -rooting at base; l. densely crowded, patulous, erect when -dry, elongate-lanceolate, keeled with the strong nerve, margin -plane, lower with a short, upper with a long, rough hair -<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>point with recurved teeth; basal cells elongate, upper -rounded quadrate; caps. small oval glossy, rugulose when -dry yellowish brown, lid convex with a short beak, red. [Dr. -Braithwaite, l. c., p. 197. Schp. Syn. p. 212.] <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>206. <span class='sc'>G. trichophylla.</span> Grev. Loose yellowish green -tufts, ¼–1in. l. linear-lanceolate from an erect base, flexuose, -tapering into a long diaphanous point, margin recurved at -base, nerve not excurrent; caps. ovate-oblong, furrowed -when dry, lid with a long straight beak; annulus larger; -per. teeth bifid; calyp. lobed: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls. E. S. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>207. <span class='sc'>G. Hartmannii.</span> Schp. Loosely cæspitose, green -above, black below; st. elongate procumbent rigid, arcuate -ascending, dichotomous; l. elongate-lanceolate; upper ones -secund, prolonged into a short smooth hair point, somewhat -concave, margin more or less recurved; basal cells sinuouso-rectangular -hyaline, above quadrate opaque; fruit not -known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197. Sch. Syn. 214.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shaded quartzose rocks. Wales and Scotland.</p> - -<p class='c007'>208. <span class='sc'>G. elatior.</span> B. & S. Robust, loosely cæspitose; -fuscous green, hoary at top; st. sparingly branched elongate, -from decumbent naked base ascending; l. very long curved -patent, from oblong carinato-concave base longly lanceolate, -margin revolute, ending in a long smoothish hair point; -basal cells linear-rectangular, wider towards margin, above -rounded opaque; caps. ovate ten-ribbed, when dry oblong -deeply furrowed; lid conical muticous or sub-aciculate: -dioicous. [Bry. Eur. <span class='fss'>III.</span> Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 197.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Granite rocks. Clova, 1868 (Fergusson).</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span> - <h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. IV. Guembellia.</span> L. not curling, generally piliferous; caps. smooth on a straight seta; cal. multifid at base or cucullate.</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>209. <span class='sc'>G. Donniana.</span> Sm. Stems ¼–½in. tufted, l. erecto-patent, -lanceolate elongate narrow, tapering into a roughened -hair point, margin plane; per. l. longer; caps. erect oval-oblong, -slightly exserted, pale yellowish brown, lid obtuse -conical; annulus small; per. teeth broad, sometimes perforate: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountain rocks and walls. E. S. W. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV. X.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>sudetica.</i> l. with longer hair points; caps. immersed; lid conico-acuminate. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>elongata.</i> l. scarcely hair-pointed, caps. on a longish seta. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>210. <span class='sc'>G. Ungeri.</span> Juratzka. Compact irregular blackish -green, hoary tufts; st. short simple or dichotomous; l. -erecto-patulous, lower smaller muticous, upper larger lanceolate -from an obovate base, ending in a long smooth hair point, -margin plane; basal cells quadrate hyaline, above quadrate, -then opaque and indistinct; caps. small oval smooth, without -annulus, exserted on an erect pale brown seta; lid -conical obtuse, calyp. cucullate: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, -l. c., 198.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>On earth in crevices of rocks at 1600 feet at Ballater -(Rev. J. Fergusson).</p> - -<p class='c007'>211. <span class='sc'>G. ovata.</span> W. & M. St. ½in. or more, branched -fastigiate; l. spreading, erect when dry, lanceolate tapering -into a roughish hair-point, nerve broad indistinct, margin -recurved below; caps. ovoid erect exserted reddish brown, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>annulus large, lid rostellate, with a groove round its base; -per. teeth narrow, cleft and perforate: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. Breadalbane and Clova; Snowdon; -Charnwood Forest. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.—III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>212. <span class='sc'>G. leucophea.</span> Grey. Dark green hoary tufts; -st. ½in.; l. erect, spreading, when dry closely imbricate, -upper ovate or elliptical concave, with very long hair points -and plane margins, lower ones muticous; caps. smooth -elliptical or oblong erect, exserted, with a short conico-rostellate -lid, and large dehiscent annulus: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotland, Devon. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>213. <span class='sc'>G. commutata.</span> Hueb. Loosely tufted, blackish -green, hoary at top; stems slender flexuose, naked below; -l. lower small loosely imbricate, upper much longer ovate-lanceolate, from a broad upright base declining, shortly hair-pointed; -per. l. three internal erect sheathing, longly -pointed; basal cells rectangular, upper quadrate; caps. -ovate or ovate-globose erect, smooth, exserted, lid acutely -and obliquely rostrate, annulus broad. [Schp. Syn. p. 109. -Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 198.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dry quartzose rocks. Moncreiff Hill, Perth (Dr. Stirton); -Dunkeld (Dr. B. White); Clova, in fr. (Fergusson.)</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Spring.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>214. <span class='sc'>G. montana.</span> B. & S. St. slender dichotomous; l. -erecto-patent oblong-lanceolate with a long hair-point, very -concave, margin erect; basal cells diaphanous quadrato-hexagonal, -above minute rounded thickened opaque; caps. -erect on a short seta, ovate small brown very smooth; lid, -obliquely rostrate; calyptra large cucullate long beaked, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span>annulus simple; per. teeth irregularly torn. [Dr. Braithwaite, -l. c. 199.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone and granite rocks. Deeside, Aberdeenshire, -1869 (Prof. Barker and Mr. Roy); Bolt Head, Devonshire, -in fruit (Mr. Holmes).</p> - -<p class='c007'>215. <span class='sc'>G. elongata.</span> Kaulfuss. In loose cushioned tufts, -black below, innovations olive green with hoary tips. St. -slender, repeatedly dichotomous, naked below without -radicles. L. patulous, lower lanceolate muticous, upper -elongate-lanceolate obtuse with the apex diaphanous, -margin erect, basal cells rectangular hyaline at margin, -becoming minute and quadrate above; caps. ovate erect -smooth pale brown, on a straight seta; lid conical obtuse, -annulus narrow; per. t. lanceolate red entire or slightly -perforate; calyp. multifid, long beaked. (Dr. Braithwaite, -l. c. 199.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. Glen Callater and Glen Phee, Clova, 1868 -(Fergusson); near Glasgow (Dr. Stirton).</p> - -<p class='c007'>216. <span class='sc'>G. unicolor.</span> Grev. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose, -naked below; branches brittle flexuose; l. erect channelled -lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base, obtuse, not hair-pointed, -rigid, margin incurved, broadly nerved to apex; -caps. ovate, nearly erect, with a large annulus and a long -straight or slightly inclined beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks, Clova. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span> (?)</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>217. <span class='sc'>G. atrata.</span> Miel. St. cæspitose, 1–2in., l. blackish, -rigid, erecto-patent lanceolate-subulate, carinate, margin -reflexed, scarcely so obtuse as the last, with a thinner nerve -scarcely reaching to apex. Caps. elliptic-oblong on a longer -<span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>seta, with a large annulus and short rostellate lid: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. Snowdon, Glen Callater. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.–IV.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>33. RACOMITRIUM. B. & S.</h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>A. Dichotomously branched, innovations simple fastigiate.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>218. <span class='sc'>R. (Dryptodon) patens.</span> Bridel. Bry. Univ., <span class='fss'>I.</span>, -192. (<i>Grimmia patens.</i> Bry. Brit., p. 158.) In dark green or -fuscous tufts; st. 2–4in. branched, decumbent and naked -below; l. spreading or slightly secund, oblong-lanceolate, -gradually tapering to a blunt apex, margin recurved below, -nerve strong two-winged at back; per. l. shorter; caps. -almost obovate smooth, furrowed when dry, on a pale -flexuose seta; annulus large; cal. five-lobed: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist alpine rocks. S. I. W. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>219. <span class='sc'>R. ellipticum.</span> B. & S. Blackish rigid tufts; st. -1in. decumbent and naked below; l. spreading from an erect -base lanceolate oblong, strongly nerved to apex, margins -plane thickened; caps. erect roundish smooth, on a short -thick seta; lid large conical with a long slender subulate -beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist alpine rocks. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.—IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>220. <span class='sc'>R. aciculare.</span> Brid. St. 1–3in. cæspitose, decumbent -and naked at base, branches very leafy; l. spreading or -secund, ovate-oblong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes -toothed at apex, to which the nerve does not reach; caps. -erect oblong smooth, with a small mouth, and on a longer -and thinner seta, lid with a long straight subulate beak: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet mountainous rocks by streams. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.—IV.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>denticulatum.</i> l. distinctly and distantly toothed at apex. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>221. <span class='sc'>R. protensum.</span> A. Braun. St. less rigid than last, -and leafy at base; l. generally secund lanceolate-subulate -obtuse, nerved to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cylindrical -thinner, on a pale seta; lid with a long subulate -beak; calyp. lobed at base; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist alpine rocks. Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>222. <span class='sc'>R. sudeticum.</span> B. & S. St. slender, decumbent -and naked at base, l. spreading recurved keeled lanceolate -tapering into a long whitish diaphanous denticulate point; -caps. small ovoid on a short seta, lid with a shorter acute -beak. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'>B. Branches irregular, with lateral ramuli; innov. not fastigiate.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'>* L. without diaphanous points.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>223. <span class='sc'>R. fasciculare.</span> Brid. St. 1–2in., decumbent at -base, with upright innovations, fasciculate; l. crowded, -from a broadish erect base lanceolate spreading, muticous, -margins recurved, areolæ long narrow sinuous; caps. elliptical -with a long subulate lid; calyp. copiously papillose.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'>* * L. with diaphanous points.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>224. <span class='sc'>R. heterostichum.</span> Brid. St. ½–1in., base decumbent, -branches scarcely fasciculate; l. sometimes secund, -lanceolate tapering to a long white denticulate point, margin -recurved, areolæ long and sinuous below, above sub-quadrate; -caps. sub-cylindrical, mouth very small; calyp. somewhat -papillose at apex only; lid short obliquely rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and walls. E. W. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span></dt> - <dd><i>alopecurum.</i> l. with short hair points; caps. smaller. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>gracilescens.</i> l. obtuse, caps. small, on a short seta. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>225. <span class='sc'>R. microcarpon.</span> Brid. St. slender fasciculate with -short branches; l. spreading falcato-secund, lanceolate -tapering to a short point, areolæ all long and sinuous; -caps. small ovate, thin and pale, with a robust rostrate lid.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Highlands of Scotland.</p> - -<p class='c007'>226. <span class='sc'>R. lanuginosum.</span> Brid. St. very long and slender, -fasciculate; l. lanceolate tapering into a long strongly dentate -point, sometimes secund or spreading from an erect -base; areolæ sinuous; caps. small ovoid, on a short roughish -seta, and with a long straight rostrate lid; calyp. papillose -above.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountains, walls, rocks, and heaths. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>227. <span class='sc'>R. canescens.</span> Brid. St. 2–4in. decumbent at base; -l. ovate-lanceolate tapering into a long denticulate point, -recurved from an erect base, areolæ sinuous; caps. ovoid -eight-striate when dry, with a very long subulate lid; calyp. -papillose above.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stony and sandy heaths. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>prolixum.</i> older innovations only with fasciculate ramuli. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>ericoides.</i> covered with fasciculate ramuli; l. squarrose. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h3 class='c011'>34. GLYPHOMITRIUM. <span class='sc'>Schwg.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>228. <span class='sc'>G. Daviesii.</span> Schwg. St. ½in. cæspitose; l. linear-lanceolate -spreading entire, margin thickened and reflexed -<span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span>below, strongly nerved to apex, areolæ minute, larger at -base; caps. erect, almost globose, with a reddish mouth and -long rostrate lid; per. teeth converging when moist, reflexed -when dry; calyp. large, laciniate at base.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clefts of rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Giant’s Causeway; Llanberis; Glenarbuck, May, 1863 (W. -Galt and McCartney); New Kilpatrick, Killin (McKinlay); -Ardtun Mull (Dr. Black); Skye (Hunt); Blairlogie; -Craigallion; Campsie Hills (Thompson and Galt).</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>35. PTYCHOMITRIUM. B. & S.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>229. <span class='sc'>P. polyphyllum.</span> B. & S. St. ½in. tufted; l. -linear-lanceolate from a broadish base, spreading, nerved to -the dentate acute apex; caps. elliptical on a long twisted -seta; calyp. plicate; lid long subulate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous rocks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>36. ORTHOTRICHUM. B. & S.</h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>A. Caps. on a very short seta, immersed or shortly exserted; ochrea distinct, calyptra with about ten furrows.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'>1. Caps. with 16 furrows.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>230. <span class='sc'>O. cupulatum.</span> Hoffm. St. under 1in.; l. spreading -lanceolate keeled, lower brownish, nerve distinct; caps. -obovate, urceolate when dry, with a shortly beaked lid; -calyp. hairy; perist. simple, of 16 free equidistant teeth, -spreading when dry.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'>2. Caps. with eight furrows.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>231. <span class='sc'>O. Sturmii.</span> Hop. & Hornsch. In loose cushions; -st. short and erect, or longer and prostrate; l. patent and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>recurved when moist, incumbent when dry; margin subrevolute, -acutely costato-carinate; caps. generally immersed, -obovate, with eight obsolete striæ, when dry eight-ribbed -and constricted below the mouth; calyp. more or less hairy, -shining; per. teeth simple 16 equidistant, erect when dry, -slightly incurved. [Bry. Eur. <span class='fss'>III.</span>, t. 109.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trap rocks. S. I. (Dr. Wood.) <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>232. <span class='sc'>O. Shawii.</span> Sch. Resembles the last, but differs -by its leaves being less solid and of looser texture at base; -cells in one row always (not in two); by the fewer hairs on -its shorter glossy white calyptra; and by its per. teeth -densely papillose white and reflexed when dry. [Supp. Bry. -Eur., fasc, <span class='fss'>I. II.</span>]</p> - -<p class='c006'>On an ash tree at Kilkerran Castle, Argyleshire, 1860 -(J. Shaw). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>233. <span class='sc'>O. obtusifolium.</span> Schrad. In loose yellowish green -tufts, brownish below; l. patulous oblong from an ovate -base, apex obtuse hyaline and minutely serrulate, concave, -margin incurved, papillose at back, per. l. broader and less -obtuse: caps. oval immersed with eight orange striæ; cal. -long naked whitish, with a brown tip; lid convex acuminate; -per. teeth eight bi-geminate reflexed when dry, alternating -with eight cilia: dioicous. (Bry. Eur. <span class='fss'>III.</span>, t. 208.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>On trunks of trees. York, Bristol. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>234. <span class='sc'>O. pumilum.</span> Swartz. (<i>O. fallax</i>, Br. Wils. B. & S. -but not Schp. Syn.) Minute pulvinate; l. lanceolate acute, -carinate, margin revolute; per. l. longer erect; caps. oblong, -with eight orange striæ, neck gradually tapering into the -seta; cal. long shining brown at apex; per. teeth eight bi-geminate -yellow, densely papillose, reflexed when dry.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ash trees at Inverkip and Dailly, Ayrshire.</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>235. <span class='sc'>O. fallax.</span> Schp. Syn. 264, <i>non</i> Bruch. (<i>O. pumilum</i>, -Dicks, Bry. Brit. B. & S., Müller, &c.) Differs from -the above in having a more oblong thicker capsule, with -deeper yellow striæ, with its neck shorter abrupt, not gradually -narrowed, and with a shorter more inflated calyptra; l. -elliptic-lanceolate and obtuse.</p> - -<p class='c006'>On trees, not common. E. I.</p> - -<p class='c007'>236. <span class='sc'>O. tenellum.</span> Bruch. St. ½in. tufted; l. spreading, -lanceolate-oblong or ligulate, obtuse; caps. yellow-brown, -exserted, sub-cylindrical, not contracted at mouth when dry, -broadly and distinctly striate; calyp. with a few short hairs, -conico-campanulate, yellow; perist. yellow, eight teeth and -eight cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees, E. I. W. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>237. <span class='sc'>O. pallens.</span> Bruch. St. erect short tufted; l. -spreading, lanceolate or ligulate obtuse, margins revolute; -caps. elliptic-oblong with a large apophysis, scarcely exserted, -slightly contracted at mouth when dry; striæ broad; calyp. -large pale yellow hairless. Perist. of eight yellow teeth and -16 cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. York. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>238. <span class='sc'>O. stramineum.</span> Horns. St. short tufted; l. -spreading, narrowly lanceolate acuminate, keeled, margin -reflexed; caps. ovate-pyriform slightly exserted, striæ -broad; calyp. large campanulate purple-tipped, slightly -hairy; perist. 8 teeth, and 16 (sometimes only eight) cilia; -vaginula hairy.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees and rocks. E. S. W. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>239. <span class='sc'>O. fastigiatum.</span> Bruch. St. longer, tufted with -fastigiate branches; l. broader lanceolate, gradually tapering -<span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span>to a point, sub-erect; caps. almost pyriform, scarcely -exserted, with broad striæ; calyp. brownish yellow hairy; -per. teeth eight, and 16 broad short cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Solitary trees, Yorkshire and Sussex. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>240. <span class='sc'>O. affine.</span> Schrad. St. ½–1in. tufted branched; -l. spreading, oblong-lanceolate, with a blunt point, margin -revolute and slightly undulate, strongly papillose on both -sides; caps. elliptic-oblong, somewhat exserted, contracted -when dry, striæ narrow. Perist. eight pale teeth and eight -filiform cilia; calyp. large greenish yellow hairy.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees, walls, &c., common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>241. <span class='sc'>O. rupestre.</span> Schl. St. 1in. or more, cæspitose, -creeping at base; l. broadly lanceolate, spreading, slightly -recurved; caps. pyriform, mouth large, scarcely exserted, -striæ indistinct; calyp. large yellow, with long hairs; perist. -16 pale teeth in pairs (equidistant when dry), and eight cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>rupincola.</i> “l. sub-erect, caps. smaller.” - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd>“stem longer; caps. exserted, calyp. very hairy.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>242. <span class='sc'>O. speciosum.</span> Nees. St. 1in. or more, tufted, -branched; l. spreading, lanceolate, somewhat pointed, papillose, -margins recurved; caps. shortly exserted elliptic-oblong, -faintly striate at summit, lid conical beaked; calyp. -large yellowish, with long hairs; perist. eight yellowish -teeth, and eight cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees, rare. Montrose and Corrie Mulzie. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>243. <span class='sc'>O. Lyellii.</span> Hook. St. 2in. or more, loosely -tufted, with erect branches; l. much spreading long linear-lanceolate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span>wavy, scarcely serrate at apex, and studded with -papillæ and brownish gland-like bodies; caps. elliptic-oblong, -with a distinct tapering apophysis, and faint striæ; calyp. -very large, brown tipped, with a few long whitish hairs. -Perist. 16 pale teeth, and 16 red-toothed cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Old tree trunks, rare in fr. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>244. <span class='sc'>O. rivulare.</span> Turn. St. long tufted, often floating; -l. oblong-ovate flaccid, sometimes sub-secund, obtuse, with a -strong nerve and small papillæ; margin recurved below: caps. -pyriform, broadly striate, almost immersed; perist. eight -teeth in pairs, afterwards nearly equidistant, and 16 cilia; -calyp. large dull green hairless.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and tree trunks at edges of streams. E. W. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>245. <span class='sc'>O. Sprucei.</span> Mont. St. ¼in. tufted; l. oblong-ovate -or ligulate, apex rounded and tipped with an apiculus, -scarcely reflexed, thinly nerved, not papillose; caps. pyriform, -scarcely exserted, contracted at mouth when dry, striæ -broad; lid with a short beak; calyp. reddish tipped, large, -hairless; perist. 16 teeth, in pairs, yellowish, and eight, -sometimes 16, cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees near rivers. York, Matlock, Glasgow. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>246. <span class='sc'>O. diaphanum.</span> Schrad. St. scarcely ½in. tufted; -l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender diaphanous -serrulate point, margin recurved; caps. somewhat -pyriform, almost immersed, faintly striate; calyp. generally -naked; perist. 16 equidistant teeth, sometimes split at apex, -and 16 cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, trees, and palings. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span> - <h5 class='c012'>3. Caps. without furrows.</h5> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>247. <span class='sc'>O. leiocarpum.</span> B. & S. St. 1–3in. tufted, branched; -l. spreading, lanceolate, pointed, margin strongly revolute; -caps. large pale brown, obovate, perfectly smooth and not -contracted at mouth when dry, scarcely exserted; calyp. -hairy, sometimes naked; perist. 16 teeth and 16 erose cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c017'>[N.B.—Notwithstanding the note in Lin. Soc. Jour., vol. <span class='fss'>XI.</span> p. 465, -I retain the name <i>leiocarpum</i> instead of <i>striatum</i>, as <i>all</i> the species in -this section have a <i>striate</i> calyptra.]</p> - -<h4 class='c012'>B. Caps. on a long seta, much exserted.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'>1. Calyp. naked.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>248. <span class='sc'>O. pulchellum.</span> Sm. St. ¼in. tufted; l. spreading, -soft, crisped when dry, linear-lanceolate bluntish, margin -recurved; caps. pale, oval, with eight reddish striæ; perist. -16 reddish teeth in pairs, and 16 cilia; calyp. pale, without -hairs, purplish at tip.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'>2. Calyp. very hairy, furrowed; ochrea indistinct; l. dilated at base, and crisped when dry.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>249. <span class='sc'>O. saxatile.</span> Brid. (<i>O. anomalum</i>, Bry. Brit., p. -177.) St. erect sparingly branched; l. narrow lanceolate -sharply acuminate, nerve thick, areolæ narrow at base; caps. -narrow sub-cylindrical, much exserted, with eight long striæ -prominent when dry, and then with eight shorter alternating -spurious ones just below the mouth; per. teeth in pairs; -calyp. hairy. [Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. <span class='fss'>I. II.</span>]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone walls and rocks. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>250. <span class='sc'>O. anomalum.</span> Hedw. Sp. Musc, (<i>non</i> Bry. Brit.) -St. erect simple, slightly branched; l. lower patulous remote, -upper erecto-patent, lanceolate from an ovate base, margin -revolute; caps. ovate-oblong, 16–striate; calyp. brownish -hairy; per. t. pale equidistant erect when dry. [Bry. Eur., -<span class='fss'>III.</span>, t. 210. Schp. Syn. 262.]</p> - -<p class='c006'><i>Trap</i> rocks, Aberdour, Fifeshire (Dr. Wood); Conway.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Summer.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>251. <span class='sc'>O. Ludwigii.</span> Schw. St. ½in. creeping; l. subpatent -or spreading, narrowly linear-lanceolate from an ovate -base, contorted when dry, margin slightly undulate; caps. -obovate, striate only at summit, much contracted at mouth -when dry; perist. 16 teeth in pairs, afterwards equidistant, -occasionally with short cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. Scotland, Ireland. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>252. <span class='sc'>O. crispulum.</span> Hornsch. St. very minute tufted; -l. small, linear-lanceolate, scarcely crisped when dry; caps. -pyriform, small, thin, with eight inconspicuous striæ.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees, not common. Yorkshire, Sussex, English lakes. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>253. <span class='sc'>O. crispum.</span> Hedw. St. about 1in. tufted; l. -linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, slightly waved at -margin, very much contorted when dry; caps. clavate, contracted -at mouth when dry; apophysis gradually tapering -into the thick seta; eight broad striæ; perist. eight teeth, -and eight, sometimes 16, cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>254. <span class='sc'>O. calvescens.</span> Wils. Differs from <i>Bruchii</i> by its -shorter leaves more narrowly reticulated; calyp. scarcely -<span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>hairy; caps. with a long tapering neck, lid more convex and -shortly beaked; from <i>crispum</i> by its longer seta and shorter -caps. not contracted at mouth when dry, and by its smooth -glossy calyptra.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Killarney (Dr. Moore and Dr. Carrington); Dailly and -Loch Doon (J. Shaw).</p> - -<p class='c007'>255. <span class='sc'>O. Bruchii.</span> Brid. St. short tufted; l. spreading -sharply linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when -dry, sometimes wavy; caps. pyriform on a long seta, with -eight broad striæ, and contracted at mouth when dry; calyp. -blackish yellow, with many furrows and very hairy; perist. -of 16 teeth in pairs, and eight, very seldom 16, cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. Scotland, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>256. <span class='sc'>O. Drummondii.</span> H. & G. St. longer, creeping, -l. linear-lanceolate from a narrow ovate base, blunt-pointed, -scarcely crisped, margin hardly recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, -deeply striate, and contracted at mouth when dry, -on a long seta; calyp. with long stiff hairs; perist. of 16 -teeth in pairs, and no cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of young trees. S. I. E. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>257. <span class='sc'>O. Hutchinsiæ.</span> Sm. St. about ½in. tufted; l. -erecto-patent broadly lanceolate, nerved to blunt apex, -margin scarcely reflexed; caps. clavate-pyriform, with eight -broad striæ, slightly contracted at mouth when dry; -apophysis tapering; calyp. large, very hairy. Perist. 16 -teeth in pairs, and eight short cilia, sometimes wanting.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous rocks. W. I. S. E. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>258. <span class='sc'>O. phyllanthum.</span> B. & S. St. 1in. tufted; l. -linear-lanceolate without a broad base, nerve extending to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>apex or exserted, where it is generally covered with gemmæ, -crisped when dry; fruit not known.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and trees, generally near the sea.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>37. ZYGODON. <span class='sc'>Hook.</span> & T.</h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>A. Peristome absent.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'>1. Caps. on a short seta.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>259. <span class='sc'>Z. Lapponicus.</span> B. & S. St. ½in. cæspitose -radiculose; l. spreading, linear-lanceolate keeled, contorted -when dry, nerve ceasing near apex; per. l. ovate-lanceolate; -caps. scarcely exserted turbinate, deeply eight-striate, urceolate -when dry; lid with a short oblique beak: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Crevices of alpine rocks. S. W. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>260. <span class='sc'>Z. Mougeottii.</span> B. & S. St. more than 1 inch -cæspitose, scarcely radiculose; l. fasciculate recurved, narrowly -linear-lanceolate, margin reflexed below, nerved to -apex, not contorted when dry; caps. turbinate urceolate -when dry, eight-striate; lid with a long very oblique beak: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady rocks. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'>2. Caps. on a longer seta.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>261. <span class='sc'>Z. viridissimus.</span> Brid. St. ½–1in., fastigiate, -radiculose below; l. much spreading recurved, widely lanceolate, -somewhat contorted when dry, nerve sometimes -slightly excurrent; caps. obovate obscurely eight-striate; lid -with a long oblique beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span> - <h4 class='c012'>B. Peristome present.</h4> -</div> - -<h5 class='c012'>1. Inner perist. fugacious.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>262. <span class='sc'>Z. conoideus.</span> Dicks. St. very short, cæspitose, -fastigiate, densely radiculose; l. somewhat spreading, not -recurved, widely lanceolate, with plane margins, and nerved -nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, tapering below, eight-striate, -lid with a long straight beak; perist., outer eight short -recurved teeth, inner eight yellowish cilia, often absent: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. S. I. E. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'>2. Inner perist. persistent.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>263. <span class='sc'>Z. Forsteri.</span> Dicks. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted, -with whitish radicles; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate, -nerved to apex or slightly excurrent; areolæ hexagonal (not -as in all the previous ones, dot-like), oblong and diaphanous -at base; caps. pyriform, striate; lid with a long inclined -beak; perist., outer eight acute bi-geminate teeth, inner -eight alternating cilia: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. South of England, rare. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>264. <span class='sc'>Z. gracilis.</span> Wils. MS. St. 1in. or more, tufted, -branched; l. lanceolate twisted when dry, with plane margins, -and denticulate near the apex; areolæ close and -punctate above, large and pellucid below.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Old walls. Malham (J. Nowell) in fr., Sept., 1866.</p> - -<p class='c017'>[I have no specimen in fruit.]</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>38. TETRAPHIS. <span class='sc'>Hedw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>265. <span class='sc'>T. pellucida.</span> Hed. St. ½–1in.; l. lower, ovate-acuminate, -nerved, reddish, upper larger ovate-lanceolate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>entire, nerve ceasing below apex, margins plane; stems -bearing gemmiferous cups, l. of which are obcordate; caps. -(fruit not found in England) elliptical, with a red border at -mouth, on a long reddish seta.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Decaying stumps and roots of trees, common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>39. TETRODONTIUM. <span class='sc'>Schw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>266. <span class='sc'>T. Brownianum.</span> Schwg. St. almost none, with -long linear radical leaves or ramuli; per. l. ovate-acuminate, -entire, shortly and faintly nerved; caps. oval-oblong, lid -with an acute oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span> (Wilson says <span class='fss'>VII.</span>)</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>40. BUXBAUMIA. <span class='sc'>Haller.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>267. <span class='sc'>B. aphylla.</span> Hall. “Stem almost none, buried; l. -lower roundish, deeply toothed, upper fringed with long -ciliary processes; caps. plano-convex, roundish ovate, reddish; -outer perist. irregularly sub-divided, thick and -cellular.” [Wilson.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotland, Yorkshire, &c.; rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>268. <span class='sc'>B. indusiata.</span> Brid. “Resembling the last, but -caps. more erect, not flattened on the upper surface, of -uniform texture and yellowish green colour, covered with a -soft membrane, which ruptures on the upper surface, the -margins rolling back, somewhat like the indusium of a fern; -annulus narrow.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., <span class='fss'>VIII.</span>, 226.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>On the ground and rotten trunks, chiefly in pine woods.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Near Ballater, 1847 (Cruikshank); Craigendinnie Hill, -Aboyne, 1867 (Dickie and Roy).</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>41. DIPHYSCIUM. W. & M.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>269. <span class='sc'>D. foliosum.</span> W. & M. St. almost none; l. long -<span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>narrow linear, flexuose, with an obscure nerve, margin plane, -sometimes toothed near apex; per. l. with a pale thin blade, -nerve excurrent into a long rough bristle, and the innermost -divided at apex into long jointed cilia; caps. immersed, -ovate, oblique, gibbous; lid conical pointed; per. teeth -white.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady mountainous rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>42. ATRICHUM. <span class='sc'>P. Beauv.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>270. <span class='sc'>A. undulatum.</span> P. Beauv. St. 1–2in. l. ligulate, -margin undulate, thickened, with bi cuspid spinulose teeth, -which also occur on back near apex, where lamellate nerve -ceases; caps. cylindrical curved; lid with a long curved -beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Grassy places, common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>attenuatum.</i> l. narrow, more crisped when dry; caps. smaller. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Dioicous.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>271. <span class='sc'>A. angustatum.</span> Brid. St. shorter, l. narrower, -densely reticulate, serrate at apex <i>only</i>, less hispid beneath, -with numerous lamellæ on nerve; caps. sub-erect cylindrical -straight or curved, lid dark purple, shortly rostrate. [Schp. -Syn. p. 434.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c. <span class='right'>Winter.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Braes of Doune, fr. (McKinlay); Sussex—male (Mitten).</p> - -<p class='c006'>272. <span class='sc'>A. tenellum.</span> Roth. St. short; l. elongate, oblong-lanceolate, -upper ones narrowly lingulate, scarcely undulate, -smooth beneath, margins dentate below the middle, subcirrhate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>when dry, nerve thinly lamellate; caps. obovate-oblong, -sub-cernuous, lid with a long beak; per. teeth large. -[Bry. Eur. <span class='fss'>IV.</span>, 412. Syn. 435.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bare moist sandy places, and dried-up pools. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Loch Goil Head; Killin, Perthshire.</p> - -<p class='c007'>273. <span class='sc'>A. crispum.</span> James. (<i>laxifolium</i>, Wils. MS.) St. -simple, slender; l. lower small somewhat spathulate; upper -much larger oblong-lanceolate, slightly undulate, border -thickened, toothed; nerve reaching apex, scarcely lamellate; -areolæ larger, hexagonal or rounded; caps. obovate-oblong, -sub-erect or inclined, wide-mouthed, teeth very short irregular, -seta red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., <span class='fss'>VIII.</span>, 225.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Yorkshire; -Dartmoor. Male plant only found in Britain.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>43. OLIGOTRICHUM. <span class='sc'>De C.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>274. <span class='sc'>O. hercynicum.</span> De C. St. ½–1in; l. rigid erecto-patent, -lanceolate, sheathing, margins indexed, lamellæ of -nerve undulate, and spinulose at back; caps. erect cylindrical, -plicate and oblique when dry; lid conical pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine and sub-alpine barren soil. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell).</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>44. POGONATUM. P. Beauv.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>275. <span class='sc'>P. nanum.</span> Brid. St. short, not branched at apex; -l. rigid spreading, lanceolate obtuse, sheathing, serrulate -above; caps. almost globose, erect or inclined, lid with a -curved or oblique beak; columella not winged.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady sandy banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>longisetum.</i> l. long, linear-lanceolate, seta very long; caps. oval-oblong. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>276. <span class='sc'>P. aloides.</span> Brid. St. less than 1–in., branched at -apex; l. rigid spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on -margin and back; caps. erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or -cylindrical; lid conical beaked; columella with four wings; -hairs of calyp. whitish.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>minus.</i> smaller generally; “hairs of calyp. confluent below capsule.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>277. <span class='sc'>P. urnigerum.</span> Brid. St. 1–4in. branched above, -reddish below; l. spreading linear-lanceolate from a short -broader sheathing base, acute serrate; caps. narrowly -cylindrical regular papillose, lid convex with a short beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous banks and sides of streams. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>crassum.</i> l. broader, caps, oval-oblong, lid with a longer beak. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>278. <span class='sc'>P. alpinum.</span> Brid. St. much longer, branched -above, decumbent below; l. linear-lanceolate from a -sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate, back spinulose, -margin inflexed; caps. generally inclined, ovoid, tumid, -smooth, lid small, with a long curved beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine localities. E. S. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>arcticum.</i> caps. oblong sub-cylindrical. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>campanulatum.</i> st. short, l. narrower and shorter; caps. apophysate; calyp. - campanulate. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h3 class='c011'>45. POLYTRICHUM. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>A. Caps. six-angled; apophysis indistinct.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>279. <span class='sc'>P. sexangulare.</span> Hoppe. Barren st. 2–6in., -fertile shorter; l. short incurved rigid, linear-lanceolate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>from a broader base, margins plane, incurved, almost cucullate -at serrulate apex; caps. short, at first upright, afterwards -cernuous, sometimes six, sometimes only four or five-angled; -lid rostrate; calyp. short, and shortly villous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Summits of Scotch mountains. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Lawers; Cairngorm, &c.</p> - -<p class='c007'>280. <span class='sc'>P. gracile.</span> Menzies. St. about ½in. densely tufted; -l. lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, serrate, with -prominent lamellæ on upper surface; caps. ovate, obscurely -four, five, six-angled; lid conico-rostrate; calyp. small.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Turbaries, &c., frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>281. <span class='sc'>P. formosum.</span> Hedw. St. 3–6in. loosely tufted; l. -spreading linear-lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, -acute, serrate, lamellate; caps. four, five, six-angled, fawn-coloured; -lid long conical; calyp. large.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>pallidisetum.</i> st. and l. shorter; caps. narrower, on a short pale seta. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h4 class='c012'>B. Caps. four-angled; apoph. very distinct.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>282. <span class='sc'>P. commune.</span> L. St. 6 or 8in. simple; l. spreading -reflexed, linear-lanceolate, sheathing, whitish and membranous -at base, serrate on margin and back; nerve broad; -per. l. with long wavy hair points; caps. short, upright, -afterwards cernuous, on a very long seta; lid variable in -size; calyp. large reddish.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Tufty and marshy places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>perigoniale.</i> smaller; outer per. l. longer; dry heaths. -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span></div> - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>minus.</i> st. short; l. shorter, less spreading; per. l. less striking; calyp., - caps., and seta smaller: dry heaths. - </dd> - <dt>γ. β.</dt> - <dd><i>fastigiatum.</i> st. branched fastigiate; l. as in var. γ. Very dry heaths. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>283. <span class='sc'>P. juniperum.</span> Hedw. St. 1–6in.; l. reflexed, -spreading, linear-lanceolate, almost bristle-pointed, margin -entire, except a few teeth at apex, much inflexed from middle -upwards, somewhat spinulose at back; caps. roughish, -horizontal when dry, on a seta 2in. or more long; calyp. -large.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Heaths. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>284. <span class='sc'>P. strictum.</span> Menzies. (<i>P. juniperum.</i> β. <i>strictum</i>, -Bry. Brit.) “St. more slender, densely matted, branched, -closely interwoven with whitish tomentum; l. straight, -erecto-patent, imbricate when dry, shorter and narrower, -pale glaucous green; caps. shorter cuboid, acutely angled, -rufous orange; calyp. brownish or white.” [Dr. Braithwaite, -Jour. of Bot., <span class='fss'>VIII.</span>, 225.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountain moors, common.</p> - -<p class='c007'>285. <span class='sc'>P. piliferum.</span> Schreb. St. about 1in. simple; l. -lower short appressed, upper much longer, lanceolate, prolonged -into roughish hair points, margins entire inflexed; -caps. faintly angular, almost ovate, on a short seta; calyp. -long, reddish.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dry heaths. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>46. TIMMIA. <span class='sc'>Hedw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>286. <span class='sc'>T. austriaca.</span> Hedw. St. 2–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate -from a reddish brown sheathing dilated base, margins -strongly serrate; caps. ovate pyriform, inclined, striate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>when dry, on a seta 2in. long; lid rounded mammillate; -per. teeth inner smooth entire.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks, very rare. Forfarshire. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>287. <span class='sc'>T. megapolitana.</span> Hedw. St. loosely cæspitose, -brownish below; l. from a whitish sheathing base, spreading -and recurved, linear-lanceolate concave opaque serrate, -cirrhate when dry; per. l. internal ovate-lanceolate thinner; -caps. oblong horizontal, somewhat striate when dry; lid -convex, not apiculate; per. teeth internal with numerous -appendiculate cilia. [Schp. Syn., 431.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton). <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>47. AULACOMNION. <span class='sc'>Schw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>288. <span class='sc'>A. palustre.</span> Schw. St. 2–4in. branched, beset -with reddish radicles; l. oblong-lanceolate, denticulate at -apex, flexuose undulate, crisped when dry, papillose on both -sides; caps. ovate-oblong, gibbous, cernuous, curved; lid -conical, with a blunt beak; barren fl. discoid: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Turfy bogs and marshes. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>imbricatum.</i> “l. broader imbricate, entire, not twisted when dry.” - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>fasciculare.</i> st. with many short innovations and fasciculate leaves; ramuli - flagelliform from axils of fl. leaves. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>polycephalum.</i> “st. decumbent branched; pseudopodia elongated numerous.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>289. <span class='sc'>A. androgynum.</span> Schw. St. less than 1in., nearly -simple; l. lower lanceolate, upper longer, all denticulate at -apex, not flexuose nor crisped when dry, papillose, margin -<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>recurved; caps. almost cylindrical, gibbous, inclined, furrowed; -lid short, conical; pseudopodia numerous; barren fl. -gemmiform.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dry shady woods and banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>48. ORTHODONTIUM. <span class='sc'>Schw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>290. <span class='sc'>O. gracile.</span> Schw. St. ½in. slender, tufted; l. -long linear setaceous, carinate, flexuose, entire, faintly -nerved nearly to apex; caps. obovate-clavate, gradually -tapering at base into the seta, inclined; lid long, beaked; -calyp. very small.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone rocks. Yorkshire and Cheshire. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>49. LEPTOBRYUM. <span class='sc'>Wils.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>291. <span class='sc'>L. pyriforme.</span> Wils. St. scarcely ½in.; l. lower -lanceolate entire, upper linear-setaceous, flexuose, serrate at -summit, nerve sometimes reaching apex; caps. pyriform -pendulous, on a slender flexuose seta; lid convex mammillate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks. Cheshire. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>50. BRYUM. H. & T.</h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>Synopsis specierum.</h4> - -<div class='lg-container-b c003'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>I. L. erect narrow; not nerved to apex (except No. 1).</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in2'>A. Caps. narrow, inclined.</div> - <div class='line in4'><i>a.</i> monoicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>1. acuminatum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>2. polymorphum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>3. elongatum.</div> - <div class='line in4'><i>b.</i> synoicous or dioicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>4. crudum.</div> - <div class='line in2'><span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>B. Caps, pyriform pendulous.</div> - <div class='line in4'><i>a.</i> monoicous or synoicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>5. nutans.</div> - <div class='line in4'><i>b.</i> dioicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>6. annotinum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>7. carneum.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>II. L. ovate, not nerved to apex.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in4'><i>a.</i> dioicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>8. Wahlenbergii.</div> - <div class='line in6'>9. Ludwigii.</div> - <div class='line in4'><i>b.</i> monoicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>10. Marrattii.</div> - <div class='line in6'>11. calophyllum.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>III. L. mostly ovate, nerved to apex.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in2'>A. synoicous or monoicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>12. lacustre.</div> - <div class='line in6'>13. Warneum.</div> - <div class='line in2'>B. dioicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>14. pseudotriquetrum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>15. neodamense.</div> - <div class='line in6'>16. alpinum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>17. Muhlenbeckii.</div> - <div class='line in6'>18. turbinatum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>19. latifolium.</div> - <div class='line in6'>20. Duvalii.</div> - <div class='line in6'>21. pallens.</div> - <div class='line in6'>22. barbatum.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>IV. L. ovate, nerve excurrent.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in2'>A. monoicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>23. uliginosum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>24. pallescens.</div> - <div class='line in6'>25. Sauteri.</div> - <div class='line in2'>B. synoicous.</div> - <div class='line in4'><i>a.</i> inner perist. imperfect.</div> - <div class='line in6'>26. cernuum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>27. inclinatum.</div> - <div class='line in4'><i>b.</i> inner perist. perfect.</div> - <div class='line in6'>28. intermedium.</div> - <div class='line in6'>29. bimum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>30. torquescens.</div> - <div class='line in2'>C. dioicous.</div> - <div class='line in6'>31. obconicum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>32. capillare.</div> - <div class='line in6'>33. Donianum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>34. Billarderii.</div> - <div class='line in6'>35. cæspiticium.</div> - <div class='line in6'>36. murale.</div> - <div class='line in6'>37. sanguineum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>38. atropurpureum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>39. apiculatum.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>V. L. very concave, imbricate, nerve mostly ceasing below apex, dioicous.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in2'>A. caps. symmetrical.</div> - <div class='line in6'>40. julaceum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>41. argenteum.</div> - <div class='line in6'>42. Funkii.</div> - <div class='line in2'><span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span>B. mouth of caps. oblique.</div> - <div class='line in6'>43. Zierii.</div> - <div class='line in6'>44. demissum.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>VI. L. broad roundish bordered.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in6'>45. Tozeri.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>VII. L. very large, in a terminal rosaceous tuft.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in6'>46. roseum.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. I.</span></h4> - -<p class='c013'>292. (1) <span class='sc'>B. acuminatum.</span> B. & S. St. ½–1in., simple or -branched; l. rigid, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate -larger, margins recurved, nerved to serrulate -apex, sometimes secund; caps. almost horizontal, narrowly -clavate, tapering at base; lid sharply conical. (There are -many varieties.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Crevices of rocks and mountainous districts. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>293. (2) <span class='sc'>B. polymorphum.</span> B. & S. St. ¼–½in., seldom -branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, small, scattered, upper -oblong-lanceolate longer, crowded, apex in all serrate; caps. -oblong-pyriform horizontal or drooping, with a short neck; -lid mammillate. (Many varieties.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotch and Welsh mountains. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>294. (3) <span class='sc'>B. elongatum.</span> Dicks. St. ¼–1in., one innovation -from floral apex; l. lower ovate-lanceolate scattered, -upper longer linear-lanceolate, all serrate at apex; caps. very -long and slender, clavate, with a long distinct neck, inclined, -upright when dry; lid convex beaked; inner perist. with -cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and walls in mountainous districts. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span>295. (4) <span class='sc'>B. crudum.</span> Schreb. St. 1–2in. cæspitose, -radiculose below; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, with plane -margins and reddish nerve, upper gradually passing upwards -into linear-lanceolate, with serrate apex; caps. oval-pyriform, -from sub-erect to horizontal or even pendulous; lid convex -apiculate; inner perist. with cilia. The leaves are generally -shining and transparent.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous banks and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>296. (5) <span class='sc'>B. nutans.</span> Schr. St. ¼–2in. with innovations; -l. spreading, with margins reflexed below, lower ovate-lanceolate -entire, upper linear-lanceolate serrulate at apex; -caps. pyriform or elliptical, with a short neck; lid small -mammillate; inner perist. with cilia: synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy heaths, &c.</p> - -<p class='c006'>(Four var. are given in Bry. Europ.)</p> - -<p class='c007'>297. (6) <span class='sc'>B. annotinum.</span> Hed. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. -lower lanceolate erecto-patent entire, upper longer, serrulate -at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. narrow pyriform, -with a long tapering neck; lid conical pointed; barren fl. -terminal; inner perist. with cilia; annulus distinct compound.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy banks and quarries. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>298. (7) <span class='sc'>B. carneum.</span> L. St. ¼in. cæspitose, reddish; l. -lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower, all serrate at apex, -and loosely reticulate, margin not reflexed; nerve reddish; -caps. ovate-oblong or shortly pyriform on a thick succulent -reddish seta, sharply curved at summit; lid convex, shortly -pointed; annulus none; perist. large, dark-coloured when -dry.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist clay banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span> - <h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. II.</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>299. (8) <span class='sc'>B. Wahlenbergii.</span> Schw. St. ½–1in. reddish -cæspitose; l. lower ovate-acuminate, upper lanceolate, all -serrate at apex, margins scarcely reflexed, areolæ loose; caps. -broadly pyriform, with a short neck, and wide-mouthed when -dry, sub-pendulous; annulus none or imperfect; per. teeth -large, inner with cilia; lid small conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet banks and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>300. (9) <span class='sc'>B. Ludwigii.</span> Spreng. St. about 1in. decumbent -and blackish below; l. lower ovate, passing upwards -into ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate, serrulate at apex, -margins reflexed below; caps. obovate pyriform, sub-pendulous -on a reddish slender seta 1in. long; lid conical, -somewhat obtuse; inner perist. with cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotch and Welsh mountains. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>gracilis.</i> Goat Fell; Ben Lawers, Ben Lomond; Snowdon. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>301. (10) <span class='sc'>B. Marrattii.</span> St. about ¼in. gregarious; l. -broadly elliptical, blunt-pointed entire; per. l. narrower and -longer; caps. small turbinate almost globose, tapering at -neck into the slender seta, from which it is pendulous; lid -bluntly beaked; perist. outer red, inner imperfect, adhering -to outer.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Southport, 1854. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>302. (11) <span class='sc'>E. calophyllum.</span> R. Br. St. about ¼in. reddish -gregarious; l. broadly elliptical or ovate, sharply -pointed, concave, entire, almost nerved to apex; caps. oval-oblong, -neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_112'>112</span>slightly pointed; per. teeth outer brownish, inner free, -mostly without cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Southport, with the last. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. III.</span></h4> - -<p class='c013'>303. (12) <span class='sc'>B. lacustre.</span> Brid. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. -lower ovate-apiculate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire, very -concave, margins recurved; per. l. narrower; caps. roundish -pyriform, with a tapering neck, slightly pendulous; lid small -pointed; annulus present; inner perist. partially adherent, -sometimes with cilia; synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist sandy places. Yarmouth; Suffolk. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>304. (13) <span class='sc'>B. Warneum.</span> Bland. St. about ¼in. tufted; -branched; l. ovate-acuminate, scarcely concave, serrate at -apex, margins recurved; caps. obovate pyriform pendulous, -bordered at mouth when dry; lid small convex pointed; -inner perist. with cilia: monoicous or synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Muddy places. Scotland, Southport. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>305. (14) <span class='sc'>B. pseudotriquetrum.</span> Schw. St. 1–3in, -branched, erect; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower -and longer concave, all bordered, margins recurved, occasionally -serrulate at apex, and slightly decurrent; nerve -sometimes excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical, pendulous; lid -small mammillate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet mountainous rocks. S. W. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>306. (15) <span class='sc'>B. neodamense.</span> Itzig. Regensb. Fl. 1841, I. -(p. 360.) St. slender, cæspitose and tomentose elongate, -reddish and almost naked below, leafy above; l. lower -roundish oblong obtuse, apex and margins involute; upper -<span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>crowded, shortly oblong, inflated at base, margins revolute -below, all cucullate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, on a -long seta.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Southport Sands, where liable to inundation.</p> - -<p class='c007'>307. (16) <span class='sc'>B. alpinum.</span> L. St. ½–2in. cæspitose simple; -l. imbricate lanceolate, margins recurved, serrulate at apex; -caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep red, on a bent and -arcuate seta, lid mammillate; whole plant reddish and -shining.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine moist rocks, fr. rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>308. (17) <span class='sc'>B. Muhlenbeckii.</span> B. & S. St. ½in. or more; -tufted, branched, radiculose; l. almost elliptical, blunt-pointed, -conical, almost cucullate at apex, margin reflexed; -nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong tapering, pendulous, -reddish brown; lid convex pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotch mountains (Dr. C. Smith and Dr. Stirton).</p> - -<p class='c007'>309. (18) <span class='sc'>B. turbinatum.</span> Hedw. St. ½–3in. sometimes -branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper longer and narrower, -concave, margins not recurved; nerve not always -reaching apex; caps. globoso-pyriform pendulous, when dry -contracted at mouth, reddish brown; lid convex pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Manchester; Fakenham; Norfolk. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>prælongum.</i> st. elongate, l. pale green, caps. ventricose larger. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>310. (19) <span class='sc'>B. latifolium.</span> Schl. (<i>B. turbinatum</i>, var. γ, -Bry. Brit.) St. elongate, decumbent at base; l. imbricate, -broadly oblong acuminate, very concave, shining, serrulate at -apex, margined, nerve excurrent; caps. longer than the last, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_114'>114</span>on a long seta, geniculate at base. [Schp. Syn., 380. Bry. -Eur., <span class='fss'>IV.</span>, t. 372.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Boggy places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.—VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben More; Shetland (McKinlay).</p> - -<p class='c007'>311. (20) <span class='sc'>B. Duvalii.</span> Voigt. St. tufted, decumbent when -old, elongate, branched; l. patulous, remote, broadly ovate-lanceolate, -decurrent, cirrhate when dry, scarcely nerved to -apex; per. l. inner lanceolate erect; caps. obovate-oblong -regular pendulous from a long slender seta, contracted at -mouth when dry; lid mammillate. [Bry. Eur., <span class='fss'>IV.</span>, t. 371.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Boggy places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Glen Lyon, Ben Lawers, Hartfell, Helvellyn.</p> - -<p class='c007'>312. (21) <span class='sc'>B. pallens.</span> Swartz. St. ¼–1in. branched; l. -reddish, remote patulous ovate-lanceolate, slightly decurrent, -keeled, serrulate at apex, margins thickened and recurved, -nerve almost excurrent; caps. oblong pyriform, with a long -tapering neck, pendulous, mouth small, but not contracted; -lid small convex, pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Near springs and ditches. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>microstomum.</i> “caps, regular, sub-clavate, mouth smaller.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>313. (22) <span class='sc'>B. barbatum.</span> Wils. MS. St. about 1in. -branched, slender, red, and copiously beset with reddish brown -radicles from base to summit; l. sub-erect, ovate, -rather suddenly tapering into a longish sparsely toothed -subula, uppermost broader, more shortly pointed, spreading, -all concave, strongly nerved, margins plane, not recurved; -areolæ very lax and transparent. The only specimen I have -bears no fruit.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Ledi (Dr. Stirton).</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span> - <h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. IV.</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>314. (23) <span class='sc'>B. uliginosum.</span> B. & S., St. ½–1in. cæspitose, -branched; l. green oval-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, -margin reflexed below, excurrent nerve toothed; caps. clavate -unequal pendulous, tapering into the long curved seta; -mouth oblique; lid convex pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet places near streams. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>315. (24) <span class='sc'>B. pallescens.</span> Schw. St. 1–2in. branched, -cæspitose, with purplish radicles below; l. ovate-lanceolate, -margin reflexed, generally serrate at apex; upper with nerve -scarcely excurrent, lower reddish; caps. pyriform, pendulous, -tapering, contracted at mouth when dry; lid conical pointed; -inner perist. with cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>boreale.</i> caps. smaller, sub-erect. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>contextum.</i> st. long, much branched; caps. ventricose, shorter, sub-pendulous. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>subrotundum.</i> stem and l. smaller; caps. almost globose; seta curved. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>316. (25) <span class='sc'>B. Sauteri.</span> B. & S. St. cæspitose, much -branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate, -elongated, very concave, margins plane, nerve -thick excurrent into a mucro; wings at base with hyaline -cells; per. l. narrower; caps. slightly incurved, pendulous -solid sanguineous; lid shortly conical. [Müller, Syn. I., 280.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Teesdale (Spruce); Scotland (Mitten).</p> - -<p class='c006'>317. (26) <span class='sc'>B. cernuum.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1½in; tufted, -branched, very radiculose; l. ovate-acuminate concave, nerve -much excurrent, sometimes serrulate at apex, margins -<span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>recurved; caps. oblong-oval or pyriform, mouth small, neck -not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical; inner perist. -adherent to outer; annulus large.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>318. (27) <span class='sc'>B. inclinatum.</span> B. & S. St. short, tufted -branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate; caps. -almost elliptical or pyriform, with a small mouth; lid -conical, sharply pointed; perist. inner generally without -cilia, and free.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, banks, and decayed trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>319. (28) <span class='sc'>B. intermedium.</span> Brid. St. about ½in. tufted, -branched; l. imbricate, somewhat spreading ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, point sometimes toothed, margins recurved; caps. -pyriform narrow sub-pendulous, tapering into a longish neck; -lid conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls and rocks, frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.—XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>320. (29) <span class='sc'>B. bimum.</span> Schreb. St. ½–1in. tufted, sometimes -branched, with purplish radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate, -shortly apiculate, occasionally serrate at apex, margins -recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, tapering at neck, pendulous, -constricted at mouth when dry; lid large convex -apiculate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet and boggy places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>cuspidatum.</i> l. with long bushy points, margined. Walls, &c. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>321. (30) <span class='sc'>B. torquescens.</span> B. & S. St. ¼–1in. tufted, -radiculose; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper ovate, all -shortly pointed, entire, margin recurved, slightly twisted -<span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span>when dry; caps. large obconical or clavate, sub-pendulous, -neck tapering; lid pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and walls; rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>322. (31) <span class='sc'>B. obconicum.</span> Hornsch. St. short tufted, -branched; l. oblong-ovate pointed, concave, entire, margin -recurved, not twisted when dry; caps. obconical, pendulous; -neck long tapering; lid convex apiculate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls. Barnard Castle, 1843 (Spruce). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>323. (32) <span class='sc'>B. capillare.</span> Hed. St. ¼–1in. tufted; l. lower -ovate-oblong, upper obovate-oblong, all with longish slender -points, concave, much contorted when dry, margin bordered -with smaller cellules, reflexed, sometimes serrulate at -apex; caps. sub-clavate or obovate, tapering, pendulous, -only slightly constricted at mouth when dry; lid pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>majus.</i> st. longer, l. broader, and with a wider margin, caps. larger and thicker. - (Wilson says this is the most frequent English form.) On walls. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>minus.</i> l. concave imbricate; caps. smaller. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>flaccidum.</i> l. lower, purplish, flaccid, not contorted when dry, distinctly serrate - at apex. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>324. (33) <span class='sc'>B. Donianum.</span> Grev. St. shorter than last, -branched; l. ovate-oblong, slightly pointed, not contorted, -but slightly twisted when dry, margin thickened, serrulate at -apex; caps. long clavate, constricted at mouth when dry, -sub-pendulous, lid pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy banks and rocks, rare. Warrington (Wilson); -Hurst-pier-point (Mitten); Winchelsea (Jenner).</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>325. (34) <span class='sc'>B. Billarderii.</span> Schw. St. ½–1in. branched, -radiculose; l. crowded in tufts at top of branches and stems, -ovate-oblong, serrate and recurved at apex, apiculate, margins -recurved below; caps. pyriform, broadest below the -middle, tapering at neck, pendulous; lid conical pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Hurst-pier-point, on old ant-hills; barren. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>326. (35) <span class='sc'>B. cæspiticium.</span> L. St. ¼–1in. tufted, branched; -l. ovate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex, -margin recurved but not thickened, erect when dry, upper -ones largest; caps. oblong-obovate, pendulous, slightly constricted -when dry; lid large mammillate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, rocks, roofs, &c.</p> - -<p class='c007'>327. (36) <span class='sc'>B. murale.</span> Wils. St. ¼in. tufted, branched; -l. ovate-lanceolate, concave, shortly pointed, margins plane; -loosely imbricate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep -purple or almost black when ripe; neck tapering; lid large -mammillate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mortar of old walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Marple, Killarney, N. Wales, Oxford, 1863 (H. Boswell).</p> - -<p class='c007'>328. (37) <span class='sc'>B. sanguineum.</span> Ludwig. St. ¼in.; l. distant, -ovate-lanceolate pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margins -scarcely recurved; caps. oblong or pyriform pendulous, -blood-red when ripe; lid pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Heathy ground and walls., <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>radiculosum.</i> caps. obconical, seta geniculate at base. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>329. (38) <span class='sc'>B. erythrocarpon.</span> Brid. <i>non</i> Schw. (<i>B. -atropurpureum.</i> W. & M.) St. ¼–½in. branched; l. erecto-patent, -ovate concave, pointed, margin reflexed, entire, lower -<span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span>often reddish; caps. oval or oblong, neck not tapering, -pendulous, dark red or purplish when ripe; lid conical -pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>330. (39) <span class='sc'>B. apiculatum</span> (?) Schw. (There seems some -doubt as to what the barren form found on the Slemish -mountains is; I give Wilson’s description from Bry. Brit., -p. 245.) “L. erecto-patent when dry, elliptic-lanceolate, -concave, nerved to apex.”</p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. V.</span></h4> - -<p class='c013'>331. (40) <span class='sc'>B. julaceum.</span> Sm. St. 1–3in. tufted, with long -filiform branches; l. ovate or ovate-elliptical, larger above, -concave entire, margin not recurved, not nerved to apex; -caps. oblong-obovate or pyriform, pendulous; lid small, -convex, pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine and sub-alpine wet rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>concinnatum.</i> st. shorter, nerve excurrent into a recurved point. Near Kennare (Dr. - Taylor); Teesdale (Spruce); Ochills (Lyle). - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>332. (41) <span class='sc'>B. argenteum.</span> L. St. ¼–½in. tufted; in -silvery white patches; l. lower ovate, upper ovate-lanceolate, -all entire except at apex, nerve not reaching pointed tapering -apex; margins not recurved; areolæ very lax; caps. oval-oblong, -reddish purple, pendulous, neck not tapering; lid -faintly pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Roofs, walls, ground, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>majus.</i> st. longer, l. greenish, without points. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>lanatum.</i> smaller, l. with long points, without chlorophyll, silvery white. Largo, - Scotland (C. Howie). - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>333. (42) <span class='sc'>B. Funkii.</span> Schw. Gregarious; st. branched, -branches julaceous; l. crowded at summit of branches; st. -and br. leaves ovate, cochleariform, nerve excurrent into a -short point; comal leaves ovate-oblong acuminate, shortly -cuspidate: areolæ lax; caps. obovate or globoso-pyriform, -inclined on a flexuous seta.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, &c. Sandy shore, Southport (Wilson). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>334. (43) <span class='sc'>B. Zierii.</span> Dicks. Silvery reddish tufts, st. -½–1in., branches julaceous; l. roundish ovate-acuminate, -entire, margins not recurved, not nerved to apex; areolæ -lax; caps. large clavate-pyriform, gibbous, with a long -slender tapering neck, incurved cernuous; lid small, conical, -acute; inner perist. longest, with imperfect cilia.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Crevices of mountainous rocks. E. S. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>335. (44) <span class='sc'>B. demissum.</span> Hook. St. ¼in. tufted; l. ovate-acuminate, -erect when dry, margin recurved, nerve generally -excurrent; per. l. lanceolate, with longer points; areolæ -lax; caps. clavate-pyriform, much incurved, cernuous; seta -“curved above like a swan’s neck”; inner perist. longest.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks. Breadalbane Mts.; rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. VI.</span></h4> - -<p class='c013'>336. (45) <span class='sc'>B. Tozeri.</span> Grev. St. ¼–½in. gregarious; l. lower -obovate narrow, upper crowded wider apiculate, all bordered, -entire; nerved (reddish) half way; caps. obovate or pyriform -pendulous; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks, rare in fr. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><span class='sc'>Sect. VII.</span></h4> - -<p class='c013'>337. (46) <span class='sc'>B. roseum.</span> Schreb. St. 1–3in., l. lower, small, -scattered lanceolate; upper in a large rosaceous tuft, spathulate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>apiculate, serrate above, margin recurved, nerved nearly -to apex; caps. clavate-oblong or obovate pendulous; lid -mammillate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy shady banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>51. MNIUM. B. & S.</h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>A. L. sharply serrated.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Margin cartilaginous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>338. <span class='sc'>M. affine.</span> Bland. St. 1–3in. simple, erect, -radiculose; barren shoots procumbent; l. lower oval-lanceolate, -decurrent, scattered, upper much larger, crowded, -oblong-elliptic pointed, border narrow, simply spinuloso-serrate, -nerved nearly or quite to apex; those of barren -stems roundish two-ranked; caps. ovate-oblong pendulous; -lid convex, pointed: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady woods, banks, walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>elatum.</i> stem and seta longer; marshy places. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>rugicum.</i> sterile shoots, erect, shorter; l. shorter, concave, obtusely serrate. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>339. <span class='sc'>M. cuspidatum.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in. tufted, erect, radiculose, -barren shoots procumbent; l. lower ovate or obovate, -scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate longer and narrower; all -acuminate, with simply serrate margins; nerved nearly or -quite to apex; caps. ovate, inclined or pendulous; lid -convex obtuse: synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady rocks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>340. <span class='sc'>M. rostratum.</span> Schr. St. ½–1in. decumbent at -base (barren long erect or creeping); l. lower ovate, upper -<span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span>oval-oblong, obtuse, in a terminal spreading tuft, all simply -and bluntly serrate, undulate, nerve slightly excurrent into a -mucro; caps. oval, inclined or pendulous; lid with a long -curved beak: synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady rocks, &c., common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>341. <span class='sc'>M. riparium.</span> Mitt. M.S. St. ½–1in., reddish -below; l. orbiculate or broadly elliptical, much decurrent, -apex rounded and tipped with a mucro; lower obscurely -bordered, upper strongly so and simply spinuloso-dentate, -nerve thin but distinct, reddish, reaching apex; areolæ large -hexagonal chlorophyllose. (I have no fruited specimen.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Watery places. Sussex (Mitten).</p> - -<p class='c007'>342. <span class='sc'>M. spinosum.</span> Voigt. St. robust, sub-ligneous; -branches flagelliform sub-arcuate; l. lower small squamiform, -obtuse, margins plane; upper obovate or oblong, acuminato-spathulate, -larger, crisped when dry; serration bi-geminate, -spinulose, nerve excurrent; caps. oval-oblong, reddish brown, -slightly inclined or horizontal; lid conical, with an obtuse -beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Roots of trees, and shady sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Lawers (McKinlay).</p> - -<p class='c007'>343. <span class='sc'>M. orthorhynchum.</span> Brid. St. ¼–1in. simple; l. -lower scattered ovate-acuminate, decurrent, upper ovate-lanceolate, -doubly spinuloso-serrate; all undulate and -crisped when dry; caps. oval or sub-pyriform horizontal; -lid conical, with a blunt beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods, shady banks, &c. Yorkshire, Sussex. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>344. <span class='sc'>M. serratum.</span> Brid. St. ½–1in. purplish, erect; l. -lower reddish on nerve and border, all varying from lanceolate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span>to ovate, acuminate, doubly spinuloso-serrate; per. l. -lanceolate; caps. ovate or oval, cernuous; lid large conical, -with a short beak: synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady rocks and banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>345. <span class='sc'>M. hornum.</span> L. St. 1–3in. simple; l. linear-lanceolate, -acuminate, rigid, slightly decurrent, doubly -spinuloso-serrate, nerve also spinulose, not reaching apex; -caps. large oblong-ovate, cernuous; lid convex mammillate; -seta curved at summit: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady moist banks and woods, common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>346. <span class='sc'>M. undulatum.</span> Hed. St. 1–3in. decumbent at -base, sometimes branched; l. oval-oblong or ligulate, upper -very long, all undulate, decurrent, and simply serrate, nerved -generally to apex; caps. generally several together, oval or -oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady banks and woods. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> L. without a cartilaginous border.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>347. <span class='sc'>M. stellare.</span> Hed. St. ½–2in. erect; l. oval-acuminate -or ovate-lanceolate, simply serrate, decurrent, -scarcely nerved to apex; caps. solitary, ovate, horizontal or -cernuous; lid convex blunt: dioicous. (Does not fruit -with us.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady rocks and banks. Yorkshire, Surrey. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'>B. L. nearly entire, not bordered.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>348. <span class='sc'>M. cinclidioides.</span> Hueb. St. 2–4in. sometimes -with slender branches; l. lower oval obtuse, scarcely -pointed, upper large oval ligulate obtuse (marginal cells -<span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span>narrower), almost entire, slightly undulate, nerved nearly to -apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid convex pointed: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet and boggy places on mountains, Clova, &c. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'>C. L. entire, with a cartilaginous border.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>349. <span class='sc'>M. punctatum</span>, Hed. St. ½–3in., erect, radiculose; -l. obovate or roundish obtuse, obscurely pointed, upper -in a somewhat rosaceous tuft; generally nerved to apex; -caps. oval pendulous; lid conical, with a longish beak: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet shady places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II. III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>350. <span class='sc'>M. subglobosum.</span> B. & S. St. 1in. or more, erect; -l. obovate or roundish obtuse, not nerved to apex; border -narrow sub-cartilaginous; caps. roundish, contracted at -mouth, sub-pendulous; lid small conical beaked: synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes and bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>52. CINCLIDIUM. <span class='sc'>Swartz.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>351. <span class='sc'>C. stygium.</span> Sw. St. 1–4in. tufted, erect, with -purplish radicles; l. roundish obovate, obtuse, pointed, rigid, -very narrow at base, border cartilaginous, nerved to or -beyond apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, pendulous, on a -long seta, lid convex obtuse, sometimes pointed; synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs. Malham Tarn (Nowell, Wilson). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>53. MIELICHHOFERIA. N. & H.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>352. <span class='sc'>M. nitida.</span> Horn. “L. erecto-patent, larger and -more crowded above, ovate-lanceolate, serrated at apex; -caps. sub-erect pyriform; lid conical, very short.”</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.<span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span></dt> - <dd><i>gracilis.</i> more densely tufted; l. shorter, more crowded, imbricate; caps. erect. - [Wils. Bry. Brit., p. 263.] - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>Type not British; var. β. only found at head of Glen -Callater, 1830 (Dr. Greville); again in same locality, 1868 -(Fergusson and Roy); Ingleby, Yorkshire, 1862 (Mudd.)</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>54. PALUDELLA. <span class='sc'>Ehr.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>353. <span class='sc'>P. squarrosa.</span> Brid. St. 2–6in. radiculose; l. -obovate-lanceolate, pointed, recurved above the middle, -squarrose, nerved to and serrulate at apex, margins recurved -below; caps. elliptic-oblong gibbous, with a short -thick neck, inclined; lid mammillate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Boggy places. No fr. found in Britain. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>55. MEESIA. <span class='sc'>Hedw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>354. <span class='sc'>M. uliginosa.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in. radiculose, br. -fastigiate; l. lanceolate or linear obtuse (upper longer), -entire, margin recurved, scarcely nerved to apex; caps. -pyriform, with a long tapering neck, incurved, inclined; lid -conical truncate; seta very long.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet and boggy places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>[It is very questionable whether <i>M. longiseta</i> has ever -been found in the British Islands.]</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>56. AMBLYODON. <span class='sc'>P. Beauv.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>355. <span class='sc'>A. dealbatus.</span> P. B. St. ½–1in.; l. lanceolate -broad, acute, margins plane, slightly serrulate at apex, below -which the strong nerve ceases; caps. clavate or pyriform, -incurved, inclined, mouth oblique, lid conical, seta very long.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet mountainous places. S. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span> - <h3 class='c011'>57. FUNARIA. <span class='sc'>Schreb.</span></h3> -</div> - -<h4 class='c012'>1. Caps. cernuous on a straight seta, annulus none.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>356. <span class='sc'>F. Hibernica.</span> Hook. St. ¼–½in.; l. oblong-oval, -gradually tapering to an acutely serrate point, nerved nearly -to apex; caps. pyriform, longer than in next species, on a -seta twisting to left its whole length when dry; lid concave.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Chalky soil. Cork, Matlock, Conway. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>357. <span class='sc'>F. Muhlenbergii.</span> Schw. St. shorter than last; -l. ovate-lanceolate, suddenly tapering to a long bluntly -serrate point, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, on a seta -when dry twisted at base to left, above to right; lid convex -obtuse with a reddish border.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone walls, banks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'>2. Caps. furrowed when dry, on a long arcuate seta, annulus present.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>358. <span class='sc'>F. hygromatrica.</span> Hedw. St. ¼–1in.; l. lower -scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate, concave, clustered into a -bulb-like tuft, nerved to apex, margins reflexed; caps. -broadly pyriform, incurved, mouth oblique, with a corrugate -border; lid convex, with a red border.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and walls, old cinder heaps, &c., common, <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.—IX.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>patula.</i> st. slender branched; l. undulate, spreading, twisted when dry. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>calvescens.</i> seta long and straight; caps. slender, almost erect. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>359. <span class='sc'>F. microstoma.</span> B. & S. Habit of last, but -smaller; l. in a comal bud; caps. pyriform, turgid, not much -<span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span>furrowed when dry; mouth very small, with a smooth -border; inner perist. very imperfect.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Damp stony places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Maresfield, Sussex, 1864 (Mr. Mitten).</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>58. ENTOSTHODON. <span class='sc'>Schw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>360. <span class='sc'>E. Templetoni.</span> Schw. St. about ¼in.; l. lower -distant ovate-acuminate, upper in a rosaceous tuft, obovate, -acuminate, not nerved to apex, scarcely serrulate; caps. -clavate-pyriform, upright, neck tapering, lid plano-convex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Crevices of rocks and shady places. E. S. I. W. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>361. <span class='sc'>E. minimum.</span> Hunt. (Mem. Lit. and Sci. Soc., -Manchester, vol. <span class='fss'>V.</span>, p. 100, 1871–2.) St. ⅛–¼in. erect, gregarious; -l. lower obovate, margin reflexed, nerve thin, not -reaching apex; upper oblong, sub-erect, sub-canaliculate, -margin recurved, crenulate above, nerve strong, nearly -reaching apex; areolæ large elongate hexagonal below, -above shorter; caps. obconical when dry, smooth, with a -distinct neck and wide mouth; seta erect, ⅛–¼in.; perist. -half immersed, of 16 slender linear subulate teeth; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone walls. Glasnevin, Dublin (D. Orr.) <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>59. PHYSCOMITRIUM. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>362. <span class='sc'>P. ericetorum.</span> De Not. St. ¼in.; l. lower, -distant, small, upper in a tuft, larger, obovate-lanceolate, with -a thickened distantly serrate margin, not nerved to apex; -caps. small, pyriform, erect, lid almost flat.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Heaths, banks, stream sides, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>363. <span class='sc'>P. fasciculare.</span> B. & S. St. about ½in. tufted; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span>l. ovate-oblong or lanceolate, pointed serrate, not bordered; -caps. obovate or pyriform, tapering at base; lid convex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fallow fields. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>364. <span class='sc'>P. pyriforme.</span> B. & S. St. about ¼in., tufted; l. -lower distant ovate-lanceolate, above spathulate, pointed, -serrate, uppermost longer erect, not nerved to apex; caps. -globose-pyriform erect, mouth small, lid conical, calyptra -sub-persistent, toothed at base.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks and ditches. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>365. <span class='sc'>P. sphœricum.</span> B. & S. St. scarcely ¼in.; l. -oval-oblong or slightly spathulate, acute, concave, entire; -upper ones largest, nerved nearly to apex; caps. sub-globose, -mouth large; lid large conical; calyp. lobed below.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dried-up mud. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.–XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Mere, Cheshire, 1834 (Wils.), J. Whitehead, Oct., 1870.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>60. BARTRAMIDULA. B. & S.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>366. <span class='sc'>B. Wilsoni.</span> B. & S. St. about ¼in. branched; -l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat secund, nerved -nearly to or beyond apex, serrulate above; caps. globoso-pyriform, -generally pendulous, not striate; lid convex or -conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Turfy soil on mountains. S. W. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>61. BARTRAMIA. <span class='sc'>Hedw.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>1. Caps. erect, perist. single.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>367. <span class='sc'>B. stricta.</span> Brid. St. loosely tufted, glaucous -green; l. erecto-patent, rigid when dry, lanceolate-subulate, -nerve excurrent into a serrate arista; caps. ovate-globose -<span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>furrowed when dry, seta four-sided at summit, twisted to -right when dry; lid convex or mammillate. [Bry. Eur., -<span class='fss'>IV.</span>, t. 316. Schp. Syn., 417.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>On the ground and stones. <span class='right'>Early summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Maresfield, Sussex (Mitten), 1862.</p> - -<h4 class='c012'>2. Caps. cernuous, perist. double.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Branches fastigiate. Monoicous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>368. <span class='sc'>B. rigida.</span> Bals. & Not. St. ¼–½in.; br. erect or -recurved; l. erecto-patent, straight, rigid, lanceolate, finely -serrulate, nerve excurrent, cap., large, sub-spherical, furrowed -when dry, and cernuous; lid conical pointed; seta erect; -inner perist. sometimes imperfect.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks, mountains. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX. X.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Br. fasciculate: dioicous.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'>* L. plicate and sheathing at base.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>369. <span class='sc'>B. arcuata.</span> Brid. St. 1–4in., with reddish brown -radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate from a broad erect sheathing -base, scabrous, serrulate, spreading; caps. sub-globose, -almost pendulous, on an arcuate seta, furrowed when dry.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Waterfalls and wet rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX. X.</span></span></p> - -<h6 class='c012'>* * L. not sheathing or plicate. (<i>Philonotis.</i>)</h6> - -<p class='c013'>370. <span class='sc'>B. (Philonotis) fontana.</span> Brid. Stem 1–6in., -with reddish black radicles; l. ovate-acuminate, short and -appressed or lanceolate secund, or spreading and longer -(generally plicate at base), nerve almost excurrent; perig. l. -obtuse, nerveless; caps. sub-globose large, furrowed when -dry.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Springs and wet places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.<span class='pageno' id='Page_130'>130</span></dt> - <dd><i>alpina.</i> st. short, l. ovate-lanceolate, mucronate. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>falcata.</i> l. falcato-secund, nerve thick. - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>pumila.</i> plant smaller in all its parts. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>371. <span class='sc'>B. (Philonotis) cæspitosa.</span> Wils. MS. St. 1–2in. -reddish, cæspitose, radiculose below; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate -acuminate, gradually tapering from base upwards, -concave, margins sub-serrulate not recurved, nerved to apex, -areolæ lax, largest at basal angles; perig. l. in a stellate tuft, -almost triangular from a very broad base, finely sub-serrulate, -nerved to apex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walton swamp, Cheshire (Wilson): male plant only.</p> - -<p class='c007'>372. <span class='sc'>B. (Philonotis) adpressa.</span> Fergusson. “Plant -widely cæspitose, erect, 2–3in. either dull, glaucous green, -or reddish; l. papillose, erect when moist, with one wide -plica on each side of nerve, incurved towards apex, slightly -twisted when dry, widely ovate from an amplexicaul base, not -acuminate, apex either obtuse or cucullate, with a very slight -mucro, or in the more slender forms rather acute, margin -denticulate slightly reflexed; nerve very thick continuous; -areolæ small, ovoid above, shorter and wider towards the -base.” [G. E. Hunt. Mem. Lit. & Sci. Soc., Manchester, -vol. <span class='fss'>V.</span>, 102, 1872.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Glen Prossen, &c., Clova (Fergusson); Glas Mheal, -Perthshire 2500 ft. (Hunt).</p> - -<p class='c007'>373. <span class='sc'>B. (Philonotis) seriata.</span> Mitt. <i>Musc. Ind. -Orient.</i> “L. spirally arranged, from a sub-erect base, -patent towards apex, ovate acute plicate, margin distinctly -reflexed; areolæ linear above, small and ovoid towards base; -perig. l. from an erect dilated base, widely spreading, cordatetriangular -<span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span>obtuse, areolæ small obscure elongate-quadrangular, -above large linear and reddish at base; nerve thick, indistinct, -continuous or vanishing below apex, margin slightly -denticulate.” [Hunt. loc. cit., p. 103.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Springs at head of Clova; Ben-na-Bourd (Gardiner).</p> - -<p class='c007'>374. <span class='sc'>B. (Philonotis) calcarea.</span> B. & S. St. about -2in.; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually from middle -upwards, concave rigid secund, margin serrulate, not -reflexed, strongly nerved to apex; areolæ large oblong, long -hexagonal at base; perig. l. acute, triangular from a broad -erect base, nerved to apex: caps. sub-globose, inclined or -cernuous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>c.</i> Branches dichotomous and fastigiate.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'>* monoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>375. <span class='sc'>B. pomiformis.</span> Hedw. St. ½–2in.; l. spreading -linear-lanceolate, not concave, doubly spinuloso-serrate, -rough, crisp when dry, nerve slightly excurrent; caps. sub-globose, -cernuous, lid small conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dry sandy banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>crispa.</i> “l. longer, less crowded, branches often longer than fruit-stalk.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>376. <span class='sc'>B. Halleriana.</span> Hedw. St. 1–3in., radiculose -below; l. spreading or secund, linear-subulate from a broad -pale erect sheathing base, rough, serrate, nerve excurrent; -caps. sub-globose, on a short curved seta.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span> - <h6 class='c012'>* * Synoicous.</h6> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>377. <span class='sc'>B. gracilis.</span> Floerke, 1799. (<i>B. Oederi</i>, Swartz, -1800). St. 1–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate, recurved from an -erect, not sheathing base, crisped when dry, margins recurved, -serrate above, keeled, smooth; caps. small globose, -oblique, lid convex.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>378. <span class='sc'>B. ithyphylla.</span> Brid. St. ½–2in.; l. from an -erect broad base sharply bent back and lanceolate-subulate, -rigid, serrulate, not crisped when dry, broadly nerved to -apex; caps. globose, almost erect or cernuous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>62. CONOSTOMUM. <span class='sc'>Swartz.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>379. <span class='sc'>C. boreale.</span> Swartz. St. ½–2in. tufted, radiculose; -l. imbricate lanceolate acuminate, keeled, serrate, nerve -excurrent into a mucro; caps. globose, gibbous, cernuous; -lid large beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Summits of Scotch mountains. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>63. CATASCOPIUM. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>380. <span class='sc'>C. nigritum.</span> Brid. St. 1in. or more (Wilson says -2–6in. or more), radiculose; l. lanceolate acute, margin -reflexed entire, nerved nearly to apex; upper ones largest; -caps. small globose, dark-coloured or black, cernuous; lid -small conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist alpine rocks, &c.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wilson says “fruits March (?)” My specimen from Fife -is August.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span> - <h3 class='c011'>64. DISCELIUM. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>381. <span class='sc'>D. nudum.</span> Brid. Stemless; l. few, ovate-lanceolate, -entire, concave, round the base of the seta, generally buried; -seta ½–1in.; caps. sub-globose reddish, cernuous, small; lid -conical acute.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay banks and beds. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II.–IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Near Manchester (Cayley); Todmorden (Hobkirk).</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>65. SPLACHNUM. B. & S.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>382. <span class='sc'>S. vasculosum.</span> L. Stem ¼–1in. radiculose; l. -roundish ovate, obtuse, or ovate-acuminate, entire, narrow at -base, not nerved to apex, areolæ lax; caps. small cylindrical -on a large globular apophysis; lid convex: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Elevated wet places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>383. <span class='sc'>S. ampullaceum.</span> L. St. about 1in.; l. lower -lanceolate, upper larger obovate or oblong-lanceolate, all -serrate or sometimes entire, acuminate, nerved nearly to -apex; areolæ lax; seta dilated above into a turbinate -apophysis, bearing the small cylindrical caps.; the whole -shaped like the ancient <i>ampulla</i>; lid conical; mono- or -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>On dung in peaty places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>384. <span class='sc'>S. sphœricum.</span> Hedw. St. ½–1in.; l. roundish -obovate, acuminate, scarcely serrate, lower smaller, nerved -nearly to apex; apophysis not tapering, roundish ovate, -about same width as cylindrical capsule; lid mammillate: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dung in moist peaty places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span> - <h3 class='c011'>66. TETRAPLODON. B. & S.</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>385. <span class='sc'>T. mnioides.</span> B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. sub-erect -obovate or nearly elliptical, suddenly narrowed into a -long piliferous point, concave, entire, nerved to apex; caps. -elliptical on a large obovate apophysis of about same width; -lid conical obtuse.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist mountainous situations, on dung, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>386. <span class='sc'>T. angustatus.</span> B. & S. St. ½–2in. tufted; l. sub-erect, -ovate-lanceolate concave, narrowed into long tapering -points, serrate; caps. ovate on an obconical apophysis; lid -conical obtuse.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Dung on mountains, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>67. TAYLORIA. <span class='sc'>Hooker.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>387. <span class='sc'>T. serrata.</span> B. & S. St. scarcely 1in.; l. erecto-patent, -recurved above, oblong-obovate, lower ovate-lanceolate -acuminate, serrate above, not nerved to apex; caps. oval on -a long tapering apophysis; lid convex obtuse.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. γ.</dt> - <dd><i>tenuis.</i> “l. broader and shorter, caps. smaller on a more slender stalk, much - contracted when dry, columella exserted.” Wils. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c006'>Normal form not found in Britain—only var. γ on turfy -soil on Scotch mountains. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>68. DISSODON. <span class='sc'>Grev.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>388. <span class='sc'>D. Froelichianus.</span> Grev. “St. cæspitose or -scattered; l. ovate-oblong obtuse, nerve ceasing below -apex; caps. (with apophysis) clavato-pyriform; lid conical; -teeth of perist. in pairs.” [Wils. Bry. Brit., 296.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Doubtful native; said to have been found on Ben High, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span>Aberdeen, by Mr. Dickson, but the specimen in Herb. -Turner is not certain.</p> - -<p class='c006'>389. <span class='sc'>D. splachnoides.</span> Grev. St. 1–4in. radiculose; -l. erecto-patent, oval-oblong or lingulate obtuse, margin -plane, not nerved to apex; caps. obovate with a short -tapering neck; lid conical pointed; columella exserted -when dry.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet mountainous bogs. <span class='right'>Scotland. <span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>69. ŒDIPODIUM. <span class='sc'>Schw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>390. <span class='sc'>Œ. Griffithianum.</span> Schw. St. ¼–½in, tufted; -barren often much longer; l. obovate-roundish, obtuse, -fringed below, not nerved to apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, -neck tapering into a thick succulent seta; lid convex -obtuse.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Crevices of mountainous rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>70. SCHISTOSTEGA. <span class='sc'>Mohr.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>391. <span class='sc'>S. osmundacea.</span> W. & M. St. ¼–½in.; l. bifarious, -insertion vertical, lanceolate, pale green; caps. small, sub-globose, -mouth large; lid convex; young plant, when -growing in caves, emitting a beautiful golden green light.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone caves and banks, not rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>71. FISSIDENS. <span class='sc'>Hedw.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>I. Fructif. terminal.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>392. <span class='sc'>F. exilis.</span> Hedw. St. ⅛in. simple; l. few, lower -small ovate, upper lanceolate-oblong oblique, acute, margin -not bordered, serrulate, nerved to apex, dorsal wing not -<span class='pageno' id='Page_136'>136</span>reaching to base of leaf; caps. elliptic-oblong, erect, lid -conical obliquely rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks and woods, not frequent. E. S. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>I.—III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>393. <span class='sc'>F. viridulus.</span> L. St. ¼in. about; l. lanceolate -acute, entire, bordered, crisped when dry, dorsal wing not -reaching to base, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oval-oblong -erect; lid conical with a blunt point; perist. immersed; -barren fl. on a short branch.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks, rivulets on stones, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII. IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>394. <span class='sc'>F. incurvus.</span> Schw. St. ¼in. about, ascending from -a decumbent base; l. lanceolate oblong apiculate, narrowly -margined, nerve ceasing near the serrate apex; caps. oval -oblique, curved, rarely erect, lid conical rostellate; perist. -not immersed; barren fl. sessile at base of stem. [Schp. -Syn. 104.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks, Cheshire; Hurst-pier-point. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II. III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c018'>var. <i>Lylei.</i> l. scarcely margined, narrow; perist. -immersed. Cheshire, rare.</p> - -<p class='c007'>395. <span class='sc'>F. pusillus.</span> Wils. St. shorter; l. erect, acute, -narrow; caps. sub-erect; perist. immersed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandstone rocks.</p> - -<p class='c007'>396. <span class='sc'>F. crassipes.</span> Wils. St. ¼–¾in.; plant more -robust; l. larger, broader, and more numerous; caps. obovate-roundish on a short seta, erect.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sluices. Sandford, near Oxford. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>397. <span class='sc'>F. bryoides.</span> Hedw, St. ¼–½in.; l. lanceolate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span>apiculate, with a thickened margin, dorsal wing reaching to, -and broad at, the base, strongly nerved to or beyond apex; -caps. elliptical erect, symmetrical; lid conical, acutely rostellate; -barren fl. axillary.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks, frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>I.—III.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Dioicous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>398. <span class='sc'>F. osmundioides.</span> Hedw. St. 1–2in. tufted, erect, -radiculose; l. lower scattered, small, upper larger crowded, -ovate-lanceolate obtuse, apiculate, margin not thickened, -almost entire, not nerved to apex, the latter sometimes -toothed; caps. small oval-oblong, sub-erect; lid large convex -rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet mountainous rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>399. <span class='sc'>F. asplenioides.</span> Hedw. St. (in var. β. only found -in Britain) 3–12in.; l. linear-lanceolate or ligulate entire, -obtuse, incurved when dry; caps. sub-erect obovate, slightly -incurved; lid rostrate, as long as capsule; barren fl. axillary -or terminal.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>polyphyllos.</i> “branches arcuate, l. wider, rather acute, more strongly nerved, - serrulate at apex, barren fl. numerous axillary.” [Wils. Bry. Brit.] Moist shady rocks on - mountains. W. I. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h4 class='c012'>II. Fructif. lateral.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>400. <i>F. adiantoedes.</i> Hedw. St. 1–2in. branched, -leafy; l. ovate-lanceolate, finely serrulate below, dentate at -apex, nerved almost or quite to apex; border sometimes -<span class='pageno' id='Page_138'>138</span>thickened; caps. oval-oblong, constricted at mouth when -dry, cernuous; lid with a long beak: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady wet rocks and bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.–IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>401. <span class='sc'>F. taxifolius.</span> Hedw. St. about ½in. fasciculate -from base; l. lanceolate, pointed, not bordered, finely crenulate, -nerved almost to apex; caps. almost ovate, inclined on -a seta curved at summit, and inserted at base of stem, lid -large convex with a long oblique beak: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XII.—II.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>402. <span class='sc'>F. decipiens.</span> De Not. St. about ½in. fasciculate -from base; l. lower distant, coulter-shaped, upper imbricate -patulous, oblong-ligulate acute or mucronulate, dorsal wing -narrow, nerve strongly excurrent, excavate; the cultriform -lobe of the upper leaves obliquely acute, longer than half the -leaf, upper part strongly serrate; caps. ovate, somewhat -constricted at base, erect or inclined; lid large rounded -beaked: dioicous. [De Notaris, Epilogo Briol. Ital. 1869, -p. 480.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Damp rocks and old walls.</p> - -<p class='c007'>403. <span class='sc'>F. tamarindifolius.</span> Donn. St. about ½in. fasciculate, -slender; l. elliptical “sub-falciform apiculate,” with an -entire pellucid cartilaginous border, nerved to apex; caps. -ovate-oblong curved inclined; lid short conical, with a -bluntish point.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>II. III.</span></span></p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span> - <h2 class='c004'>DIVISION II. PLEUROCARPI.</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>72. ANŒCTANGIUM. B. & S.</p> - -<p class='c006'>404. <span class='sc'>A. compactum.</span> Schw. St. 1–4in. densely tufted, -slender; l. short, lanceolate spreading from an erect base, -acuminate, slightly serrulate near the base only, nerved to or -beyond apex; caps. oval-oblong erect; lid long convex, -with a slender oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Crevices of moist alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>405. <span class='sc'>A. Hornschuchianum.</span> Hoppe. “St. elongate -cæspitose; l. linear-subulate from a dilated base, channelled, -entire; caps. roundish-pyriform: lid rostrate.” Wils. “L. -upper part of dilated base is always more or less distinctly -crenate or serrulate, from thence to the apex entire.” W. -Mitten, Jour. of Bot., vol. <span class='fss'>V.</span>, p. 329. [Mr. Mitten refers -Dr. Taylor’s plant from Ireland to <i>Tortula Hibernica</i>, by -which name it is described under that genus.]</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>73. LEUCODON. <span class='sc'>Schw.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>406. <span class='sc'>L sciuroides.</span> Schw. St. or branches 1in. from a -creeping rhizome; l. imbricate, ovate, entire, tapering to a -point, plicate, somewhat secund; per. l. longer, all nerveless; -caps. long elliptical erect; lid conical beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees, walls, rocks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>407. <span class='sc'>L. Lagurus.</span> Hook. St. ½–1in., tomentous; l. -ovate, suddenly contracted to a piliferous point, concave, -serrulate near apex, nerved half way; caps. cylindrical; -lid with a short curved beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees and rocks.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.<span class='pageno' id='Page_140'>140</span></dt> - <dd><i>borealis.</i> “st. not tomentous; l. auriculate and serrate at base, more concave and - more suddenly attenuated, with longer points; faintly two-nerved at base only.” Wils. N. - Uist, Hebrides, 1851. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h3 class='c011'>74. ANTITRICHIA. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>408. <span class='sc'>A. curtipendula.</span> Brid. St. 3–8in. straggling, -pinnately branched; l. ovate, concave, sharply curved to a -roughly toothed point, which ends in a double hook in the -younger ones, nerved half way, margins recurved; caps. -roundish elliptical drooping; lid with an oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>75. LEPTODON. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>409. <span class='sc'>L. Smithii.</span> Brid. St. 1–3in. creeping, branches -pinnate or bipinnate; l. ovate, rounded and obtuse at apex, -entire, margin recurved below, nerved more than half way; -per. l. erect ovate-subulate; caps. elliptical horizontal on a -short curved seta; lid with an oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. Devon, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>76. ANOMODON. H. & T.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>410. <span class='sc'>A. viticulosus.</span> H. & T. St. 1–2in. from a creeping -rhizome rigid; l. more or less secund or spreading from an -ovate base lingulate or subulate, obtuse, entire, nerve pellucid, -almost reaching apex; caps. almost cylindrical erect, on a -yellowish seta; lid large conical rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady limestone rocks, trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>411. <span class='sc'>A. attenuatus.</span> Hueb. (<i>Hypnum</i>, Schreb. <i>Leskea</i>, -Hedwig.) St. 1–2in. procumbent with incurved branches; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_141'>141</span>l. imbricate, sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate from a -narrow base, acute, scarcely nerved to apex; per. l. narrower -nerveless; areolæ minute opaque; caps. cylindrical erect; -lid conical, with an oblique beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Damp rocks and rotten tree trunks. Den of Airlie, -Forfarshire (Fergusson), 1868.</p> - -<p class='c007'>412. <span class='sc'>A. longifolius.</span> Hartm. Rhizomes slenderer than -No. 410, branches sub-fasciculate; l. somewhat secund, from -an ovate base lanceolate tapering, very acute, nerved to apex; -caps. ovate-oblong on a short seta; lid large conical -rostellate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scotch mountains; fr. not found in Britain. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>77. HABRODON. <span class='sc'>Schp.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>413. <span class='sc'>H. Notarisii.</span> Schpr. (<i>Pterogonium perpusillum</i>, -De Not.) St. creeping, irregularly branched; l. spreading -squarrose opaque, imbricate and shining when dry, from an -ovate base longly acuminate, nerveless, entire; per. l. -internal with erose margins; caps. oval-oblong erect, -slightly striate, and contracted at mouth when dry; lid -conical erose. [Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. <span class='fss'>III. IV.</span>]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of elm and white thorn. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Windermere and Devon (J. Nowell); Killin, Perthshire -(A. McKinlay), July, 1865; Ben Lawers (Hunt).</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>78. PTEROGONIUM. <span class='sc'>Swartz.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>414. <span class='sc'>Pt. filiforme.</span> Hedw. St. creeping, with incurved -fasciculate branches; l. imbricate or secund, elliptical, concave, -papillose at back, serrulate at pointed apex, margin -<span class='pageno' id='Page_142'>142</span>recurved; nerved half way, or shortly two-nerved at base; -caps. elliptical erect; lid conical, obliquely rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous rocks and tree trunks. S. I. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>415. <span class='sc'>Pt. gracile.</span> Sw. Rhizome creeping, with arcuate -stems, and incurved fasciculate branches; l. spreading, -(appressed when dry) ovate, concave, acute, serrate near -apex, margin not recurved, slightly two-nerved at base; -caps. oblong, longer and thicker than last; lid conical, -shorter, not rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady sub-alpine rocks and walls, and trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>79. ISOTHECIUM. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>416. <span class='sc'>I. myurum.</span> Dill. St. 1–2in. from a creeping stoloniferous -rhizome, with fasciculate branches; l. elliptical -concave, not tapering but serrulate at apex, nerved half -way, singly or forked; per. l. erect; caps. ovate, erect, with -a long rostrate lid: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>80. CLIMACIUM. W. & M.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>417. <span class='sc'>C. dendroides.</span> W. & M. St. 1–3in. erect, with long -spreading branches; l. ovate-lanceolate, serrulate at apex: -st. l. acute, br. l. obtuse, nerved nearly to apex; per. l. nerveless, -entire; caps. erect ovate-oblong, with a pointed beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Boggy places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.–I.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>81. CYLINDROTHECIUM. <span class='sc'>Bry. Eur.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>418. <span class='sc'>C. Montagnei.</span> Bry. Eur. Müller. St. 1–2in., -branches pinnate, recurved, cuspidate; l. elliptical acute -entire, rather obtuse, faintly two-nerved at base, margin -recurved below; marginal basal cells large and pellucid; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_143'>143</span>caps. cylindrical, erect, on a long seta, and with a blunt lid: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone hills. S. E. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>82. LESKEA. <span class='sc'>Hed.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'>A. L. not striate.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> l. nerveless, or faintly two-nerved.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>419. <span class='sc'>L. moniliformis.</span> Wahl. St. ½in. slender tufted, -branched; l. imbricate, nearly round, obtuse, very concave, -nerveless, denticulate at base; per. l. ovate-lanceolate; caps. -almost erect, small, oval-oblong, with a short beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. E. S. I. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>420. <span class='sc'>L. apiculata.</span> Hueb. [<i>Myurella.</i>] Loosely cæspitose, -soft and fragile; l. loosely imbricate or patent, -ovate, very concave, often with a recurved apiculus, opaque; -perist. pale, small. [Bryol. Eur., v. t. 560.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist rocky ground. Ben Lawers. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>421. <span class='sc'>L. micans.</span> Wils. [<i>Hypnum.</i> Bry. Brit. 402.] St. -prostrate, very slender, filiform, branched; l. almost orbicular, -concave, apiculate, serrulate, sometimes faintly two-nerved -at base; fruit not known.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady rocks. S. of Ireland.</p> - -<p class='c007'>422. <span class='sc'>L. polyantha.</span> Hedw. Stem short creeping, -branched; branches incurved above; l. crowded sub-secund, -ovate-acuminate, suddenly apiculate, with apiculus sometimes -slightly serrulate, nerveless; caps. elliptic-oblong erect, -broader below, with a conical bluntish lid and long calyptra: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. E. S. W. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_144'>144</span> - <h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> l. nerved.</h5> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>423. <span class='sc'>L. pulvinata.</span> Wahl. St. ½in. procumbent, slenderly -branched; l. imbricate elliptic-ovate, narrowed below, -concave entire, nerved half way, or two-nerved at base; -areolæ large, almost hexagonal; per. l. nerveless; caps. -almost erect, oval-oblong; lid conical pointed, falling early: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Roots of trees near rivers, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>424. <span class='sc'>L. polycarpa.</span> Ehr. St. longer, densely tufted; -almost pinnately branched; l. imbricate, sub-secund, ovate, -tapering, stoutly nerved nearly to apex, margin entire, -reflexed below; per. l. erect, striate; caps. cylindrical, erect, -lid conical acute: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Roots of trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>paludosa</i>, generally more lax; caps. longer. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h4 class='c012'>B. L. striate.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>425. <span class='sc'>L. sericea.</span> Dill. St. 1in. or more, creeping, -branched; branches erect, curved; l. imbricate, sub-secund, -lanceolate, long tapering, scarcely nerved to apex; areolæ -very narrow; caps. almost erect, cylindrical, tapering above, -on a rough seta; lid conical, obliquely beaked: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, rocks, and trunks of trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.–III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>426. <span class='sc'>L. rufescens.</span> Hall. St. 1–3in. erect, branched, -with reddish brown foliage; l. imbricate, almost erect, lanceolate, -long tapering, often almost piliferous, nerveless, -margins plane; caps. generally erect cylindrical, on a long -smooth seta; lid shortly conical: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady alpine rocks. S. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_145'>145</span>427. <span class='sc'>L. subrufa.</span> Wils. St. about 1in. or less, erect, -branched; foliage, young green, older brownish; l. almost -erect, sub-secund, lanceolate, long tapering, nerveless, entire; -caps. ovate, tapering below, almost erect; lid conical pointed; -dioicous. Fruit not found in Britain.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>83. HYPNUM. <span class='sc'>Dill.</span></h3> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> I. <span class='sc'>Thuyidium.</span> St. erect, pinnate or bipinnate, with numerous branched villi; l. densely papillose on the back; nerve single.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> St. simply pinnate.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>428. <span class='sc'>H. (Thuyidium.) abietinum.</span> Dill. St. 2–4in. -rigid, reddish, not always erect; br. slightly drooping -crowded; l. imbricate, erecto-patent, more or less secund; -st. l. ovate or cordate acuminate, serrulate near apex, plicate; -br. l. narrower, less plicate; all papillose on back and keel, -nerved nearly to apex; areolæ dot-like; caps. oblong-cylindrical, -arcuate, cernuous; lid conical: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks, chalk hills, &c. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>429. <span class='sc'>H. (Thuyidium) Blandovii.</span> W. & M. St. 3in. -erect, flexible; br. slender, spreading; l. loosely imbricate, -erect from a spreading base, broadly ovate or sub-cordate, -acute, narrowed at base almost to a pedicel, keeled, serrulate, -not papillose on keel, thinly nerved nearly to apex, margin -recurved: areolæ larger, sub-hexagonal; caps. oblong, -curved, cernuous; lid conical, with a blunt point: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_146'>146</span>430. <span class='sc'>H. (Thuyidium) decipiens.</span> De Not. (<i>H. rigidulum.</i> -Ferg.) St. 2–4in. rigid, villous, with short attenuate -branches; st. l. distant, sub-squarrose, deltoid-ovate, suddenly -acuminate auricled, concave serrate, papillose on both -sides, sometimes secund above; br. l. smaller, crowded, -ovate or ovate-lanceolate, spreading or secund, nerved half way -or more; areolæ large hexagonal and pellucid at base, -above oval-elongate confused (Fergusson).</p> - -<p class='c006'>Springs and streams. Ben Lawers (Dr. Stirton), 1866; -Clova, 2800 ft. (Fergusson), 1868; Auchinblae, 800 ft. (Sim -and Fergusson); Glas Mheal, Perthshire, 2500 ft. (G. E. -Hunt). All barren.</p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> St. bi- or tri-pinnate: dioicous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>431. <span class='sc'>H. (Thuyidium) delicatulum.</span> L. St. elongate, -erect or procumbent, bipinnate; br. drooping, often rooting -at apex; l. broadly cordate or ovate-acuminate, sub-striate, -papillose or muricate on back and keel, nerved nearly to -apex, which is finely serrulate; caps. sub-cylindrical curved, -cernuous, pale brown, lid large conical, not rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone and chalk rocks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>432. <span class='sc'>H. (Thuyidium) tamariscinum.</span> Hedw. St. elongate, -arched, procumbent, interruptedly tri-pinnate; br. not -rooting; st. l. cordate acuminate, plicate; br. l. ovate, -obtuse; all papillose at back, but not so much so as last; -serrulate near and nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong-cylindrical, -curved, cernuous, purplish red; lid large conical, -with a long beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods and banks, frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_147'>147</span> - <h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> II. <span class='sc'>Ptychodium.</span> Branches sub-pinnate; l. patent and secund, often deeply sulcate, thinly nerved to apex; areolæ shortly linear, quadrate at the angles; caps. cernuous, horizontal, ovate; per. teeth dense and narrow, lamellose, cilia rudimentary.</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>433. <span class='sc'>H. (Ptychodium) plicatum.</span> Schl. St. creeping, -tomentous; branches ascending incurved; l. ovate, imbricate, -pointed, margin recurved; per. l. twice as large; caps. ovate-oblong, -small, on a half-inch reddish seta: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. S. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span> (?)</span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> III. <span class='sc'>Camptothecium.</span> Stems trailing in part, sub-erect, branched; l. silky, striate, thinly nerved, areolæ narrowly linear; caps. cernuous, on a smooth or rough incurved seta; lid shortly rostrate or conical; internal perist. with long cilia.</h4> - -<p class='c007'>434. <span class='sc'>H. (Camptothecium) lutescens.</span> Dill. St. about -3in. irregularly branched, sometimes pinnate; l. narrowly -lanceolate, tapering to a long point, entire, nerved nearly to -apex; caps. oblong arcuate, on a rough seta; lid conical, -beaked: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and woods (limestone and sandstone). <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>435. <span class='sc'>H. (Camptothecium) nitens.</span> Dill. St. 2–4in. -erect, almost pinnate, radiculose; branches short spreading; -l. erecto-patent, lanceolate, long tapering, acute, not nerved -to apex, entire, margin recurved; caps, arcuate oblong, on a -long smooth seta; lid conical: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs. E. S. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_148'>148</span> - <h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> IV. <span class='sc'>Brachythecium.</span> Plants upright or prone, irregularly branched; l. silky, patent or sub-secund, more or less decurrent, thinly nerved, striate; areolæ narrowly hexagono-rhomboid, generally quadrate at basal angles; caps. ovate, sub-globose, or oblong, often turgid, lid conical.</h4> -</div> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Seta smooth.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>436. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) Mildeanum.</span> Schp. St. ½ to -1in. erect branched; l. sub-erect, long lanceolate, gradually -tapering from a broadish base into a long slender point, -almost piliferous, plicate when dry, margins plane, thinly -nerved more than half way; areolæ long and narrow, broader -at base and quadrate at basal angles; caps. obovate-oblong -or unsymmetrical, much curved cernuous, constricted at -mouth when dry, on a red twisted seta; lid conical, tapering -to a blunt apex, tipped with an apiculus.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sands. Southport, Fifeshire, Dublin, Cornwall. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>437. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) salebrosum.</span> Hoffm. St. 1–2in. -procumbent sub-pinnate; l. shortly ovate-acuminate, -serrulate, only slightly striate, nerved more than half way; -caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid conical, scarcely beaked: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Near Kirkham Abbey, Yorks. (R. Spruce); Sussex -(Mitten).</p> - -<p class='c007'>438. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) glareosum.</span> Bruch. St. about -2in. sub-procumbent, branches sometimes sub-pinnate; l. -erecto-patent from an ovate base, gradually tapering into a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_149'>149</span>long slender, sometimes twisted, sub-serrulate apex, margin -reflexed below; caps. ovate-oblong, cernuous arcuate; lid -conical, with a distinct beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods and shady banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>439. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) albicans.</span> Dill. St. about -2in. upright; l. spreading, appressed when dry, ovate-acuminate, -concave, entire, nerved more than half way; caps. -ovate small, scarcely curved, cernuous, on a slender seta; -young foliage pale green, greyish brown below: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy grassy places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Seta rough.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>440. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) velutinum.</span> Dill. St. short -creeping, with erect branches; l. sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, -prolonged into a short serrulate taper point; nerved half -way or more, margin reflexed below; per. l. almost piliferous; -caps. roundish ovate cernuous; lid conical pointed; -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, sandy hedge banks, roots of trees, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>441. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) reflexum.</span> Seliger. St. more -or less arched, procumbent, and rooting at extremities; -branches sub-pinnate, slender, incurved; l. shortly ovate-cordate, -acuminate, serrate, nerved almost or quite to apex, -margin reflexed, areolæ large; caps. small, roundish ovate, -horizontal; lid conical pointed: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Scottish mountains. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>442. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) rutabulum.</span> Dill. St. long, -loosely tufted, procumbent, and rooting at extremities, with -erect branches; l. ovate, concave, acuminate, serrulate, -striate when dry; thinly nerved, above half way; caps. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_150'>150</span>ovate-oblong, arcuate, cernuous on a very rough seta; lid -bluntly pointed: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks, walls, and trees. Common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.—III.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. δ.</dt> - <dd><i>plumulosum.</i> Sch. l. narrower, tapering, not acuminate. Sands, Southport. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>443. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) campestre.</span> B. & S. St. -loosely cæspitose, prostrate or ascending, much branched; l. -erecto-patent, longly ovate-lanceolate, more or less subulato-acuminate, -serrulate, thinly nerved more than half way, -plicate, shining; per. l. recurved squarrose from the middle, -piliferous; caps. oblong-cylindrical sub-arcuate, on a slightly -roughened seta. (Sch. Synopsis, 543.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Grassy places, fields, &c. <span class='right'>Winter and Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Maresfield, Sussex (Mr. Mitten); Spec, in Herb. Kew. -“Newchurch, Over, Cheshire, W. W. Dec. 13, 1837.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>444. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) rivulare.</span> Bruch. St. -arched, slender; branches slender, incurved, sub-pinnate; l. -deltoid-ovate, gradually tapering, not suddenly acuminate, -serrate, nerved above half way, decurrent: caps. short -roundish ovate arcuate, cernuous; lid large conical acute -rostellate: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones, &c., by rivulets in shady woods; sometimes in -water, when the st. are often very elongate. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>445. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) populeum.</span> Hedw. St. -creeping, sub-pinnate; l. narrowly ovate-lanceolate, tapering -to a long serrulate point, margin reflexed, nerved to apex; -caps. small roundish ovate, slightly cernuous or nearly erect; -lid conical, very acute, sub-persistent on the ripe fruit: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.—II.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.<span class='pageno' id='Page_151'>151</span></dt> - <dd><i>nutans.</i> Brid. branches longer, caps. distinctly cernuous. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>446. <span class='sc'>H. (Brachythecium) plumosum.</span> Swartz. St. -creeping; branches long, frequently erect, sub-pinnate; l. -ovate, concave, acuminate, sub-secund, serrulate near apex, -nerved above half way; caps. small roundish ovate, cernuous, -seta roughish at summit only; lid conical acute: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine shady rocks, stones in rivulets, walls, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.—III</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> <span class='sc'>V. Scleropodium</span>. Areolation vermicular, slightly dilated and excavate at angles; caps. on a rough seta, sub-erect or cernuous, turgid, ovate or oblong and sub-incurved.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>447. <span class='sc'>H. (Scleropodium) cæspitosum.</span> Wils. St. -densely tufted, creeping; branches slender, short, incurved; -l. sub-secund, ovate, small, concave, serrulate, nerved above -half way; caps. sub-cylindrical, slightly arcuate, sub-erect; -lid long rostellate; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Damp walls and roots of trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, Sussex.</p> - -<p class='c007'>448. <span class='sc'>H. (Scleropodium) illecebrum.</span> L. St. procumbent, -sometimes sub-pinnate, branches incurved obtuse; l. -roundish ovate, pointed, very concave, imbricate, serrulate, -tip slightly recurved; nerve reaching above half way, its tip -slightly projecting from back of leaf; caps. ovate-oblong -cernuous, somewhat ventricose; lid bluntly conical apiculate: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and rocks near the sea. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Hampshire, Anglesea.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_152'>152</span> - <h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> VI. <span class='sc'>Eurynchium.</span> More or less pinnately branched; areolæ narrowly rhomboid or sub-vermicular, dilated at the angles; caps. cernuous and horizontal, on a smooth or rough seta; lid with a long beak.</h4> -</div> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> <i>Striatæ.</i> l. sub-scariose, shining, more or less distinctly sulcate; areolæ long and narrow.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'>1. Seta smooth.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>449. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) myosuroides.</span> L. (<i>Isothecium -myosuroides.</i> Bry. Brit. 323.) St. slender; branches fasciculate -incurved; l. somewhat spreading, from an ovate base -lanceolate acuminate, serrulate, nerved more than half way; -caps. elliptic-oblong, more or less inclined, on a twisted or -curved seta; lid conical, with a short beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>450. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) strigosum.</span> Hoffm. St. 1in. -sub-erect or creeping, scarcely pinnate; l. roundish ovate or -cordate, concave, rather obtuse, serrate, nerved above half -way, margin recurved below; caps. sub-cylindrical, curved, -small; lid conical, with a longish curved beak: parasitico-monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Roots of trees, rocks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Cornwall (Tozer in Herb. Hook.) <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>451. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) dimorphum.</span> Brid. St. 1–2in. -procumbent, branches very slender, more or less pinnate; st. -l. ovate-acuminate, spreading recurved; br. l. ovate, -concave obtuse, sub-erect, all serrulate and shortly two-nerved; -areolæ quadrate on margin, the rest larger, longer -<span class='pageno' id='Page_153'>153</span>and less opaque; caps. oblong, almost horizontal; lid -conical, without beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Lawers. Barren. <span class='right'>Summer (?)</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>452. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) catenulatum.</span> Schwg. St. about -½in. creeping, with erect very slender branches; l. very -small, ovate acute, entire concave, margin recurved below, -broadly nerved half way or more; caps. oval-oblong slightly -curved, sub-erect or cernuous; lid large, with a distinct -beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine and sub-alpine rocks.</p> -<div class='c019'> <span class='right'>Summer.</span></div> - -<p class='c006'>Scotland; Yorkshire. Fr. not known in Britain.</p> - -<p class='c007'>453. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) heteropterum.</span> Bruch. St. -procumbent, more or less pinnate, often rooting at apex; l. -ovate-acuminate, small, more or less secund, denticulate, -somewhat papillose at back; nerved singly half way, or -short and forked; caps. oblong, scarcely curved, almost -erect; lid with a long beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist rocks near waterfalls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Ireland, Wales, Todmorden.</p> - -<p class='c007'>454. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) circinnatum.</span> Brid. St. short, -sub-erect arched: branches curved and drooping; l. very -small ovate, pointed, sub-secund, serrulate at apex, thickly -nerved nearly to apex; areolæ oval, smaller and quadrate at -base; caps. oblong cernuous, curved; lid large, with a -long oblique or curved beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady limestone rocks and walls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>455. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) striatulum.</span> Spruce. St. short -creeping, tufted; branches short crowded, erect; l. erecto-patent, -ovate, long taper pointed, serrate, sub-striate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_154'>154</span>strongly nerved more than half way; basal areolæ opaque -minute; caps. oblong cernuous; lid roundish, with a long -pointed beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady limestone rocks and roots of trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>456. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) striatum.</span> Hedw. Much larger -than the last in all its parts; stems loosely tufted, arched, -sub-pinnate; branches drooping; l. gradually tapering from -a broad cordate base, almost squarrose, serrate, striate, -nerved more than half way; caps. almost cylindrical, curved, -cernuous; lid large, with a long slender curved beak: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods and shady banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XII.</span></span></p> - -<h6 class='c012'>2. Seta rough.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>457. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) crassinervium.</span> Tayl. St. -creeping, branches erect; l. spreading ovate, sharply -pointed serrate concave, margin reflexed, nerve thick, -reaching more than half way, sometimes forked: caps. -elliptic-oblong small curved, cernuous; lid large, with a very -long slender oblique beak; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady limestone rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>458. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) piliferum.</span> Vaill. St. 2–3in. -slender, procumbent, branched; l. imbricate erecto-patent, -elliptical serrulate, suddenly contracted into a long serrulate, -almost piliferous point, concave, nerved half way; caps. -oblong cernuous, slightly arcuate, lid with a long beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks and woods. Fr. rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>459. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) cirrhosum.</span> Schwg. Stems erect -or procumbent, with a few erect branches; l. imbricate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_155'>155</span>elliptic, more oblong than the last (of which it may be only a -variety, though very different in many points), entire except -the long narrow points, which are serrulate and suddenly -geniculate or reflexed where the point joins the blade; -concave, nerved half way. Never been found in fruit.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Summit of Ben Lawers, 1823 (Dr. Arnott).</p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> <i>Prælongæ.</i> l. opaque, scarcely sulcate, areolæ almost as broad as long; seta rough.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'>* Synoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>460. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) speciosum.</span> Brid. St. creeping, -with short erect, almost complanate branches; l. ovate -serrulate, nerved almost to acute apex, bright green; caps. -ovate or obovate, cernuous; lid with a long pointed beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones near springs, sometimes in water. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XII.</span></span></p> - -<h6 class='c012'>* * Dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>461. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) prœlongum.</span> Dill. St. long, -arched or procumbent, often bipinnate, branches slender; l. -squarrose recurved, broadly cordate, and suddenly tapering -to a long point, amplexicaul, nerve carried nearly to base of -point; br. l. lanceolate acuminate, all serrate: per. l. nerveless; -caps. small oval-oblong, obliquely cernuous; lid with -a long tapering slender beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>462. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) hians.</span> Hedw. Sp. Musc. 272. -t. 70. L. roundish ovate, spreading, areolæ large. [Mueller -Syn. <span class='fss'>II.</span>, 447.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sussex (Mr. Mitten).</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_156'>156</span>463. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) pumilum.</span> Wils. St. creeping, -filiform; br. slender, sub-pinnate sub-complanate; l. minute -ovate, shortly pointed, spreading sub-serrulate, faintly nerved -half way; per. l. smaller, recurved; caps. short roundish -ovate, cernuous; lid rather large, with an oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady rocks and hedge banks. E. S. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>464. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) Stokesii.</span> Turn. St. densely -cæspitose, branches ascending, simple below, above densely -pinnate and bipinnate; st. l. distant, acutely cordate, shortly -acuminate, and triquetrous, recurved; br. l. ovate-lanceolate, -erecto-patent, all thinly nerved, and serrate; caps. oblong -ventricose horizontal, olive-coloured; lid with a long straight -subulate beak from a conical base. (Syn. 562. Bry. Eur. -<span class='fss'>V.</span> 526.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones and rocks in woods, &c.</p> -<div class='c019'> <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></div> - -<p class='c007'>465. <span class='sc'>H. (Eurynchium) Swartzii.</span> Turn. St. creeping, -with short erect branches; l. uniform, ovate not acuminate, -serrate, nerved more than half way; caps. roundish ovate, -cernuous, reddish brown; lid with a long oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks and rocks; frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> VII. <span class='sc'>Hyocomium.</span> St. prostrate; l. broadly obcordate, with a long apiculus, decurrent, shortly two-nerved; areolæ, above flexuoso-linear, middle narrowly rectangular, angles broadly hexagonal or rectangular; caps. on a thick seta, oval, turgid, cernuous; lid mammillate.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>466. <span class='sc'>H. (Hyocomium) flagellare.</span> Dicks. St. 1in. or -more, arched pinnate; br. sub-fasciculate, recurved; st. l. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_157'>157</span>squarrose, broadly cordate acuminate, slightly striate; br. l. -less spreading, sub-secund, roundish ovate, less acuminate; -all sharply serrate and mostly two-nerved at base, or nerveless; -per. l. almost erect, much narrower; caps. ovate-oblong, -curved, cernuous, on a rough seta: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady rocks by cascades, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> VIII. <span class='sc'>Rhynchostegium.</span> Plants low cæspitose, with scattered branches; l. soft, shining, nerveless or simply nerved; areolæ elongate, narrowly hexagono-rhomboid; caps. horizontal cernuous; lid with a subulate beak.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> <i>Demissæ.</i> St. prostrate, l. complanate, oblong-lanceolate, nerveless, entire; caps. thin walled; seta smooth: monoicous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>467. <span class='sc'>H. (Rhynchostegium) demissum.</span> Wils. St. -filiform; br. short slender: l. elliptic-lanceolate, acute, sub-secund -above, margin reflexed; caps. small, narrowly elliptical, -horizontal cernuous; lid obliquely rostrate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady mountainous rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> <i>Tenellæ.</i> st. creeping; l. narrowly lanceolate, caps. solid walled, seta rough or smooth: monoicous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>468. <span class='sc'>H. (Rhynchostegium) tenellum.</span> Dicks. St. and -br. very short creeping; l. erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate -acuminate, almost setaceous, light green, entire, nerved -more than half way; caps. ovate cernuous, on a smooth seta; -lid beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls and rocks, principally limestone. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_158'>158</span>469. <span class='sc'>H. (Rhynchostegium) Teesdalii.</span> Sm. St. slender, -creeping; br. erect; l. sub-complanate, narrowly lanceolate, -rigid, slightly serrulate near apex, broadly nerved nearly to -apex; caps. ovate cernuous, on a rough seta; lid almost as -large as caps., beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady rocks near waterfalls. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III.—VI.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>c.</i> <i>Depressæ.</i> Pl. low cæspitose soft; l. broadly oblong, thinly nerved; seta smooth.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'>* Dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>470. <span class='sc'>H. (Rhynchostegium) depressum.</span> Bruch. St. -prostrate pinnate; br. thickest in middle—both very short; -l. complanate crowded ovate-oblong, slightly concave and -finely serrulate, shortly two-nerved; caps. ovate, curved, -cernuous; lid as long as caps. and long beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and stones, especially limestone. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Caergwrle, N. Wales, Oct., 1871, in fruit (C. L. Higgins.)</p> - -<h6 class='c012'>* * Monoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>471. <span class='sc'>H. (Rhynchostegium) confertum.</span> Dicks. St. -creeping sub-pinnate; br. erect; l. slightly secund or complanate, -ovate-acuminate concave serrulate, thinly nerved quite -or more than half way; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid -short, with a very long curved beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks, walls, trees, &c., frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>472. <span class='sc'>H. (Rhynchostegium) megapolitanum.</span> Bland. -Much larger than the last, and remotely branched; st. l. -remote, br. l. crowded; lower oblong-lanceolate, the others -more or less sharply acuminate from a broad ovate base, -slightly serrulate, nerved more than half way; caps. oblong -<span class='pageno' id='Page_159'>159</span>cylindrical incurved, arcuate when dry; lid with a short -thick beak. [Schp. Syn. 469, Bry. Eur. v. t. 511.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sandy shores. Southport, Dublin, Sussex. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>473. <span class='sc'>H. (Rhynchostegium) murale.</span> Dill. St. short, -creeping, with erect crowded branches; l. closely imbricate, -roundish ovate, concave, faintly serrulate, cucullate at apex, -which is slightly mucronate, not acuminate, nerved half way; -caps. ovate, somewhat cernuous; lid flattish, with a long -beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, &c., chiefly limestone. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>474. <span class='sc'>H. (Rhynchostegium) ruscifolium.</span> Dill. St. -creeping, with long irregular procumbent branches; l. complanate -and sub-secund, ovate, with a cordate base, serrate, -stoutly nerved nearly to apex; caps. shortly ovate cernuous; -lid convex, with a very long beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and stones in rivulets, frequent. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> IX. <span class='sc'>Thamnium.</span> Dendroid from a creeping rhizome; l. sub-complanate, nerved, areolæ minute, quadrate or rhomboid at apex, narrowly oblong at base; caps. short and sub-arcuate with the seta, turgidly ovate, lid with a long beak; inner perist. with long appendiculate cilia.</h4> - -<p class='c013'>475. <span class='sc'>H. (Thamnium) alopecurum.</span> Dill. St. 2–3in. -naked below, pinnately branched above; l. spreading ovate-lanceolate, -somewhat concave, serrate, strongly nerved -nearly to apex; caps. shortly ovate, cernuous or erect, lid -with a long oblique beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist woods, rocks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_160'>160</span> - <h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> X. <span class='sc'>Plagiothecium.</span> St. generally prostrate, or partially erect, branched; l. complanate or secund, thin, silky, nerveless or shortly two-nerved; areolæ long hexagono-rhomboid; caps. sub-erect or cernuous, more or less incurved; lid convexo-conical or rostrate; per. teeth pale thin, internal a membrane with narrowish processes; cilia none or obscure.</h4> -</div> - -<h5 class='c012'>A. Per. teeth distantly articulate, without cilia: dioicous.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>476. <span class='sc'>H. (Plagiothecium) latebricola.</span> Bry. Eur. -(<i>Leskea</i>, Bry. Brit.) St. short, slender, sparsely branched, -sub-erect; l. sub-secund ovate-lanceolate, tapering acute, -entire, slightly concave, decurrent, faintly two-nerved; -margin recurved; caps. elliptic-oblong, turbinate when dry; -lid short, acutely conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist shady woods, decaying trunks, and ferns. <span class='right'>Winter.</span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'>B. Per. teeth densely articulate, internal with entire ciliary processes.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>477. <span class='sc'>H. (Plagiothecium) pulchellum.</span> Dicks. St. -short densely tufted, sub-erect, br. fastigiate; l. crowded, -secund, lanceolate, gradually tapering from base to apex, -entire, generally nerveless; caps. oblong, sub-erect, curved; -lid conical, scarcely beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous shady rocks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.—X.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>478. <span class='sc'>H. (Plagiothecium) Muhlenbeckii.</span> B. &. S. St. -short, tufted, sub-erect, with recurved fasciculate branches; -l. complanate, spreading, deltoid-ovate or sub-cordate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_161'>161</span>tapering, dark green, finely serrulate, nerveless, or shortly -two-nerved; caps. oblong, slightly inclined, tapering below, -striate when dry; lid short conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. S. I. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>479. <span class='sc'>H. (Plagiothecium) Silesiacum.</span> Seliger. St. and -branches procumbent, the latter arcuate; l. secund, mostly -pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate, longer tapering than the -last, concave, distinctly serrulate, slightly and shortly two-nerved; -caps. long sub-cylindrical, not striate when dry, -curved, cernuous; lid conical pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stems of decaying trees, rocks, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Kent; Yorkshire.</p> - -<p class='c007'>480. <span class='sc'>H. (Plagiothecium) denticulatum.</span> Dill. St. prostrate, -with sub-fasciculate branches; l. complanate, obliquely -ovate pointed, sometimes sub-serrulate at apex, margin -recurved below, shortly two-nerved; caps. oblong, sub-erect; -lid acutely conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine woods, banks, wet rocks, &c. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>obtusifolium.</i> l. elliptical, more or less obtuse, slightly concave. Alpine rocks. - </dd> - </dl> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>succulentum.</i> l. with almost plane margins: synoicous. Todmorden, Warrington. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>481. <span class='sc'>H. (Plagiothecium) elegans.</span> Hook. St. prostrate, -br. distichous, fasciculate or pinnate; l. complanate, -ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender serrulate point, sometimes -oblique, nerveless, or faintly two-nerved; caps. small -<span class='pageno' id='Page_162'>162</span>ovate elliptical, curved, more or less pendulous; lid conical, -shortly beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks and rocks, usually barren. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>III. IV.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>collinum.</i> “st. erect tufted; l. sub-secund.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>482. <span class='sc'>H. (Plagiothecium) sylvaticum.</span> Dill. St. longer, -about 1 inch, decumbent branched; l. sub-complanate, sometimes -sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, not acuminate, entire, -distinctly two-nerved nearly half way; caps. cylindrical, -curved, inclined, or horizontal; lid long, shortly beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Roots of trees in woods, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>483. <span class='sc'>H. (Plagiothecium) undulatum.</span> Dill. St. and br. -procumbent, 2in. or more; l. complanate, ovate, acute, not -acuminate, entire, undulate, faintly two-nerved, whitish -green; caps. cylindrical, tapering at base, cernuous or -horizontal, striate when dry, lid with a short beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods and moist places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.—VII.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> XI. <span class='sc'>Amblystegium.</span> Plants small prostrate, sparingly branched; l. soft, generally opaque, simply nerved, rarely nerveless; areolæ hexagono-rhomboidal parenchymatous, or tubular prosenchymatous; caps. sub-erect or incurvo-cernuous, oval and sub-arcuate cylindrical, opaque, on a smooth seta; lid large, tumidly conical, obtuse; internal perist. generally integrate, cilia more or less perfect, rarely none.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'>1. L. opaque, areolæ all parenchymatous.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>484. <span class='sc'>H. (Amblystegium) Sprucei.</span> Bruch. St. short, -slender, with few branches; l. distant narrowly ovate-lanceolate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_163'>163</span>long pointed, margin almost entire, concave, -nerveless; per. l. larger, with longer points, distinctly -serrulate at apex; caps. erect elliptical, turbinate when dry, -mouth wide; lid long conical pointed. [<i>Leskea.</i> Bry. Brit.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady sub-alpine rocks, rare. <span class='right'>Spring (?)</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Teesdale, Todmorden.</p> - -<p class='c007'>485. <span class='sc'>H. (Amblystegium) atrovirens.</span> Dicks. St. -prostrate, irregularly branched, the latter slightly incurved, -rigid, sub-erect; l. imbricate, somewhat secund, ovate-lanceolate, -with long tapering points, margin recurved below, -sub-serrulate above; thickly nerved almost to apex; “caps. -sub-cylindrical short curved and sub-cernuous, lid conical.”</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks, &c., rare in fruit. Scotland. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Monoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>486. <span class='sc'>H. (Amblystegium) confervoides.</span> B. & S. St. -creeping, very slender, sub-pinnate, sparingly branched; br. -capilliform; l. scattered sub-secund, more or less spreading, -ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, nerveless; per. l. longer, -erect; caps. cernuous, oval-oblong, slightly incurved, pale -brown, semi-pellucid; lid convex, obliquely apiculate; -annulus small deciduous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones in shady places, limestone. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Dovedale (Dr. Fraser, 1866); Westmoreland.</p> - -<p class='c007'>487. <span class='sc'>H. (Amblystegium) serpens.</span> Dill. St. creeping, -sub-pinnate, with slender sub-erect branches; l. spreading, -ovate-lanceolate, tapering into long points, entire, faintly -nerved half way, or sometimes nearly to apex: caps. oblong, -cylindrical or obovate, curved, cernuous, reddish at mouth; -lid conical acute.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, moist banks, trees, &c., common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_164'>164</span>488. <span class='sc'>H. (Amblystegium) radicale.</span> P. Beauv. St. -creeping, with sub-erect rigid branches; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate -from a cordate or deltoid base, twice as large as -last, and strongly nerved almost to the long tapering apex; -per. l. larger serrate; seta long (sometimes 2in.); caps. -oblong, much curved, cernuous, not red at mouth; lid -conical, with a short sharp beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist ground amongst grass. Wales. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>489. <span class='sc'>H. (Amblystegium) irriguum.</span> Hook. St. procumbent -rigid, sometimes pinnate; l. spreading, secund, -gradually tapering to a point from a deltoid-ovate somewhat -decurrent base, sub-serrulate, strongly nerved nearly -to apex; caps. oblong, cernuous, curved, when dry more so, -and contracted at mouth; annulus persistent; lid conical, -blunt-pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones in rivulets and streams. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>490. <span class='sc'>H. (Amblystegium) fluviatile.</span> Swartz. St. -procumbent, with simple, prostrate, not rigid branches; l. -ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, concave, strongly -nerved almost to apex; caps. slender, elliptical, elongate, -sub-erect, only slightly curved; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Rocks and stones in mountain streams. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>2. L. areolæ narrow, rhomboido-hexagonal, prosenchymatous at base only, rectangulo–6–gonal.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>491. <span class='sc'>H. (Amblystegium) riparium.</span> Dill. St. longer, -creeping, with sub-pinnate sub-erect branches; l. spreading, -sub-complanate, ovate-lanceolate entire, nerved two-thirds or -more; caps. oblong-cylindrical curved, cernuous, contracted -at mouth when dry; lid conical pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones, &c., near pools, sometimes in water. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_165'>165</span> - <h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> XII. <i>eu</i>-<span class='sc'>Hypnum</span>. St. erect or procumbent, sometimes radiculose and pinnate; l. patent, squarrose, or falcato-secund, nerve various or none; areolæ narrowly linear,, often dilated, and transparent at base; caps. incurved cernuous on a smooth seta; lid convexo-conical, mammillate, rarely rostrate; perist. perfect.</h4> -</div> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. I.</i> Branches straggling or sub-pinnate; l. squarrose-divaricate or stellate and patent.</h5> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>492. <span class='sc'>H. Halleki.</span> L. Jun. St. creeping, with pinnate -erect branches; l. crowded lanceolate, recurved from a -roundish ovate base, acuminate, serrulate, almost squarrose, -faintly two-nerved at base or nerveless; caps. oblong curved -cernuous; lid conical, blunt.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>493. <span class='sc'>H. polymorphum.</span> Hedw. “St. procumbent, -branches simple, erect, slender; l. spreading, almost squarrose, -sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, nerveless; -caps. oblong, curved, cernuous, lid conical.” [Bry. -Brit.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone walls, banks and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>494. <span class='sc'>H. elodes.</span> Spruce. St. elongate, slender, with sub-pinnate -slender sub-erect branches: l. distant, spreading; br. -l. lanceolate-subulate, apex almost setaceous, secund; st. -l. wider, less secund; all entire, nerved nearly or quite to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_166'>166</span>apex: caps. cylindrical curved cernuous; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet places and bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c020'>[Wilson states the leaves to be sub-denticulate at <i>base only</i>, whilst -his figure is evidently <i>serrulate</i> above and entire at base. I can -find no indications of denticulation, even under a ¼inch, except -perhaps an occasional slight protrusion of an odd cell here -and there, but this cannot be called even denticulate.]</p> - -<p class='c007'>495. <span class='sc'>H. chrysophyllum.</span> Brid. St. creeping pinnate; -l. almost squarrose sub-second, from a cordate-ovate base, -tapering into long setaceous points, entire, nerved more than -half way, rarely absent; areolæ not enlarged or diaphanous -at base; caps. large cylindrical, curved, cernuous; lid -conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Fallow ground, chalk hills, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.—IX.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>496. <span class='sc'>H. stellatum.</span> Dill. St. 1–2in. erect, densely -tufted: branches irregular or sub-pinnate, cuspidate; l. squarrose, -recurved, rather suddenly tapering into a long point -from a deltoid-ovate base, with a few large diaphanous cells -at basal angles, nerveless, entire; caps. oblong curved -cernuous; lid convex pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes and bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>c.</i> Polygamous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>497. <span class='sc'>H. Polygamum.</span> Bry. Eur. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, -sub-pinnate; l. spreading, almost squarrose, ovate-lanceolate, -tapering into shorter points than last two, entire, -nerved about half way, areolæ larger at base; caps. oblong, -sub-cernuous, or almost erect; lid conical pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet swampy places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>stagnation.</i> “st. longer, sub-erect, more pinnate; l. with a longer nerve; seta - longer, often 3in. or more.” - </dd> - </dl> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_167'>167</span> - <h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. II.</i> St. pinnately branched; l. falcato-secund, nerve single, areolæ linear.</h5> -</div> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Dioicous.</h6> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>† Stems and branches strongly hooked at apex.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>498. <span class='sc'>H. aduncum.</span> Dill. L.<a id='r1' /><a href='#f1' class='c021'><sup>[1]</sup></a> (<i>H. exannulatum</i>, Gümb.) -St. 2–4in. erect, sub-pinnate; br. short, simple, few; l. -crowded, narrow, falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate, striate, -faintly sub-serrulate near the base; nerved nearly to apex; -basal cells larger and inflated, gradually passing into -the long narrower ones above; capsule sub-cylindrical, -curved, cernuous, on a seta 1in. long or more.</p> - -<div class='footnote' id='f1'> -<p class='c006'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. This name has been wrongly given to some half-dozen different -species; but I am informed by Dr. Braithwaite (in lit. 29, Mch. 1872), -that he has recently consulted the original specimen of Dillenius on -which Linnæus founded the species, and from his examination the -synonymy of this group must be altered as above. The diagnoses of -this and the next four species are from his pen; the name <i>aduncum</i> -should be retained as being older than <i>exannulatum</i>.</p> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes and marshy heaths. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>499. <span class='sc'>H. Kneiffii.</span> B. & S. (<i>H. aduncum</i>, Hedw. -Stirpes, IV., t. 24, and Schp.) St. 2–6in. long, erect, sub-pinnate; -l. falcato-secund, somewhat distant, lanceolate acuminate, -occasionally faintly sub-serrulate near the base, -thinly nerved two-thirds the length, not striate, basal angles -decurrent excavate, of lax sub-quadrate cells, those above -elongate rectangular; caps. cylindrical oblong arcuate, -broadly annulate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Swamps and marshes. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_168'>168</span>500. <span class='sc'>H. Sendtneri.</span> Schpr. (<i>H. aduncum</i>, ε <i>hamatum</i> -and ζ <i>giganteum</i>, Bry. Eur.) St. 3–6in. simple, pinnate; l. -falcato-secund, broadly oblong-lanceolate, hooked above, -distinctly auricled at sub-decurrent angles, glossy, lightly -sulcate only when dry, nerve vanishing below apex; basal -cells rectangular, hyaline, yellowish, at angles brownish-yellow -lax; caps. ovate-oblong, erect at base, arcuate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs. Scotland, and near Birmingham.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>Wilsoni.</i> St. very tall, sometimes 1ft., yellow green, with slender, nearly simple - branches; l. larger, with a filiform acumen, auricles very small. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>501. <span class='sc'>H. vernicosum.</span> Lindb. 1861. (<i>H. pellucidum</i>, -Wils. MS.; <i>H. aduncum</i>, var. <i>tenue</i>, Bry. Brit.) St. erect, -rather rigid, pinnate; l. shorter falcato-secund, the apical -ones involute, ovate, oblong-lanceolate, distinctly sulcate, -neither auricled nor decurrent, very glossy, yellow green, -nerve vanishing far below apex; cells very narrow, vermicular, -purplish at base; caps. oblong cernuous, arcuate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wybunbury Bog, Cheshire.</p> - -<p class='c007'>502. <span class='sc'>H. intermedium.</span> Lindb. (<i>H. Cossoni</i>, Schpr.) In -habit like <i>H. Sendtneri</i>, var. β. St. elongate, flexuoso-erect, -interruptedly pinnate; branches very unequal; l. falcato-secund, -ovate-oblong, becoming lanceolate, not furrowed, -with minute decurrent auricles, nerve vanishing far below -apex; cells very narrow vermicular opaque; outer per. l. -squarrose; fr. as in <i>Sendtneri</i>.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs, frequent.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_169'>169</span>† † Brandies and stems scarcely hooked.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>503. <span class='sc'>H. lycopodioides.</span> Neck. St. about 2in. erect, -sub-pinnate, rather rigid; l. falcato-secund, ovate-acuminute, -tapering to an acute point, but not apiculate, concave, entire, -nerved nearly to apex, not striate; caps. oblong cernuous, -lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs and marshes: fr. rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>falcatum.</i> l. more crowded, more falcate, nerve stronger. Near Copgrove, Yorkshire. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Monoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>504. <span class='sc'>H. fluitans.</span> Dill. St. 6–12in. erect or floating, -pinnate, slender; branches short deflexed; l. falcato-secund, -lanceolate, tapering from an ovate base, acuminate, slightly -serrulate near apex, thinly nerved more than half way, areolæ -enlarged at base; caps. small oblong curved sub-cernuous, -on a very long seta; lid conical, acute.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes, bogs, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>505. <span class='sc'>H. revolvens.</span> Swartz. St. 2–4in. erect or procumbent, -sub-pinnate; l. crowded circinnate falcate, ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, concave, serrulate near apex, deep red -or purplish; nerve stronger, more than half way; areolæ not -enlarged at base; caps. oblong cernuous, on a shorter seta; -lid conical acute.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs and marshes. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>506. <span class='sc'>H. uncinatum.</span> Hall. St. about 2in. slender, -erect or procumbent, sub-pinnate; l. circinnate secund, very -narrow, lanceolate, setaceous from a broader base, plicate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_170'>170</span>serrulate, nerved nearly to apex; caps. cylindrical, curved, -cernuous, lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine walls and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. III.</i> St. regularly pinnate, radiculose, tomentose; l. thickly nerved, opaque; caps. sub-arcuate.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>507. <span class='sc'>H. commutatum.</span> Dill. St. 4in. or more, procumbent; -br. about ½in.—both more or less uncinate; radicles -brownish; l. circinnate, secund, tapering to a slender long -point from an ovate base, plicate, twisted when dry, finely -serrulate, nerved more than half way, areolæ narrow; caps. -large oblong, lid conical: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet shady places. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>508. <span class='sc'>H. sulcatum.</span> Schpr. Loosely cæspitose; st. rigid, -without radicles, sub-pinnate; l. partly broadly elongate-lanceolate, -partly sharply lanceolate from broadly ovate base, -all reflexed hamulose; nerve strong. [Schp. Syn. 699.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous places. Ben Lawers, July, 1865 (G. E. -Hunt.)</p> - -<p class='c007'>509. <span class='sc'>H. falcatum.</span> Brid. (<i>H. commutatum</i> var. <i>condensatum</i>, -Bry. Brit.) St. 2–3in. cæspitose, erect, sparingly -branched; l. as in <i>commutatum</i>, but less circinnate and more -rigid, undulate, nerved nearly to apex; capsule small, curved -cernuous. [Bry. Eur. <span class='fss'>VI.</span>, 607. Schp. Syn., 613.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine places and bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>510. <span class='sc'>H. filicinum.</span> Dill. St. 2–4in. sub-erect, slender, -pinnate, with purplish radicles; l. spreading, falcato-secund, -st. l. deltoid-ovate, tapering; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all -<span class='pageno' id='Page_171'>171</span>serrulate, scarcely twisted when dry, nerved to or beyond -apex; areolæ oval, rather large, larger rhomboid and pellucid -at base; caps. oblong curved, cernuous, lid conical acute: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes, wet rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>vallisclausæ.</i> Brid. l. sub-secund, nerve very strong and excurrent. Ormeshead; - Derbyshire. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. IV.</i> St. robust, without radicles, irregularly pinnate; l. scariose, shining, strongly rugose; areolæ vermicular above, the rest small quadrate; caps. sub-arcuate, lid rostrate, annulus broad.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>511. <span class='sc'>H. rugosum.</span> Dill. St. 2–3in. rigid, erect, densely -tufted; br. recurved; l. crowded, falcato-secund, serrulate -and recurved at margin, lanceolate acuminate from a broad -base, rugose at back, nerved more than half way; caps. sub-cylindrical -curved, pale reddish brown; lid large yellowish, -with an oblique beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Limestone and other rocks; barren in England. Spring (?)</p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. V.</i> St. creeping, cæspitose, pinnate, l. curved secund, areolæ loosely rhomboid; caps. incurved cernuous, compressed below mouth when dry.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>512. <span class='sc'>H. incurvatum.</span> Brid. St. short slender, branches -curved upwards; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering, all pointing -upwards, entire, shortly two-nerved; caps. small, ovate, -horizontal; lid short, conical, acute: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady walls and stones. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_172'>172</span> - <h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. VI.</i> St. more or less regularly pinnate; l. falcato-secund, two or singly nerved, or nerveless, areolæ narrowly linear, quadrate at basal angles; caps. sub-cylindrical incurved; lid large, shortly rostellate.</h5> -</div> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>513. <span class='sc'>H. Breadalbanense.</span> Buchanan White. “St. -procumbent or sub-erect, covered with villi; vaguely pinnate; -l. secund ovate-lanceolate concave, nerve strong -single, reaching about half way, margin of base slightly -recurved; sub-denticulate.”</p> - -<p class='c006'>Breadalbane Mts. and Ben Lawers 1865 (Dr. F. B. White). -Fruit not known.</p> - -<p class='c007'>514. <span class='sc'>H. hamulosum.</span> Frölich (?) St. 1in. or more, procumbent -pinnate; br. hooked at apex; l. circinnate-secund, -much curved, tapering into a long slender sub-serrulate -point from an ovate-lanceolate base, nerveless; caps. sub-cylindrical -curved, tapering at base, lid conical pointed:</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine grassy declivities. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>micranthum.</i> smaller, l. shorter pointed, and faintly two-nerved; caps. more oval, - with an obtuse lid. Ben Lawers, &c. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>515. <span class='sc'>H. rupestre.</span> Buchanan White. St. procumbent, -covered with very short villi, irregularly pinnate; l. strongly -falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate from a wide base, much -curved; obscurely two-nerved, margin plane, scarcely denticulate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Lawers, August, 1865.</p> -<div class='c019'>Fr. unknown.</div> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_173'>173</span>516. <span class='sc'>H. Bambergeri.</span> B. & S. Rather small dense -tufts, yellowish green above, passing to yellow-fuscous at -base; st. without radicles or villi, sub-pinnate, br. few -fastigiate; l. densely crowded secund, strongly circinnate, -ovate-lanceolate elongate, entire, with a long point, faintly -two-nerved, one usually larger than the other; alar cells few, -rather obscure, yellow, upper linear elongate; fr. not known.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Near summit of Ben Lawers, July, 1867 (Dr. Fraser).</p> - -<p class='c007'>517. <span class='sc'>H. imponens.</span> Hedw. Cæspitose, sub-pinnate, l. -imbricate, circinnate secund, filiform from a broad ovate-oblong -base, margin reflexed below, and minutely serrate, -obsoletely two-nerved; br. l. much narrower, and at apex of -br. convolute, and hamato-incurved; per. l. nerveless filiform -flexuose apiculate; caps. sub-erect cylindrical incurved; lid -convexo-conical, acutely pointed yellowish, annulus broad. -[Bry. Eur. <span class='fss'>VI.</span>, 597. Schp. Syn. 625.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods and stony ground. <span class='right'>Autumn.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Reigate Heath (Mr. Mitten), 1864.</p> - -<p class='c007'>518. <span class='sc'>H. cupressiforme.</span> Dill. St. about 1in. procumbent; -l. falcato-secund, pointing downwards, sharply acuminate -from an ovate-lanceolate base, slightly serrulate, nerveless -or faintly two-nerved; per. l. erect, almost piliferous; -caps. sub-cylindrical cernuous, curved, lid conical, cuspidate.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, rocks, trunks of trees, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>compressum.</i> st. slender pinnate, reddish, with compressed foliage; l. pale green, - serrulate at apex; seta long slender; caps. short, elliptic oblong. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>minus.</i> pinnate; br. slender: l. narrow, falcate serrulate, margin recurved, caps. - small erect. Trunks of trees. -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_174'>174</span></div> - </dd> - <dt>δ.</dt> - <dd><i>filiforme.</i> br. prostrate, filiform, slender; l. falcate, serrulate; caps. short; - lid with a shorter point. Rocks. Killarney, &c. - </dd> - <dt>ε.</dt> - <dd><i>lacunosum.</i> more robust; br. thickened; l. larger sub-coriaceous, yellowish brown. - </dd> - <dt>ζ.</dt> - <dd><i>longisetum.</i> slender, l. pale, serrulate; seta elongate, caps. short ovate. - </dd> - <dt>θ.</dt> - <dd><i>mammillatum.</i> caps. with a short conical or mammillate lid. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>519. <span class='sc'>H. resupinatum.</span> Wils. St. creeping, sub-pinnate; -l. erecto-patent, secund, pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate, -tapering to a point, entire, nerveless; caps. oblong erect, -almost symmetrical; lid with an oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Walls, rocks, trees, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>520. <span class='sc'>H. Lindbergh.</span> Mitt. Jour, of Bot. <span class='fss'>I.</span>, p. 123. -(<i>H. pratense</i>, Bry. Brit. 399.) “St. sparingly branched in -an irregular manner, without any appearance of becoming -pinnate; l. loosely compressed ovate or ovate-lanceolate, -acute, but with a broad point,<a id='r2' /><a href='#f2' class='c021'><sup>[2]</sup></a> margins entire, nerveless; -cells at angles enlarged and pale; caps., according to -Lindberg, is on a rather thick seta 1in. long, turgid ovate, -when dry plicate.”</p> - -<div class='footnote' id='f2'> -<p class='c006'><a href='#r2'>2</a>. Some of the leaves, even on authenticated specimens, have longer -and narrower points (acuminate), but in no case that I have seen are -they denticulate.</p> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>“Damp sandy ground among thin grass, not in bogs. -The fr. has been gathered once by Dr. Klingraff in June, in -W. Prussia.”</p> - -<p class='c017'><span class='pageno' id='Page_175'>175</span>“<i>H. pratense</i> differs from above in its irregularly pinnate -stems, more compressed foliage, l. lanceolate with a narrow -point denticulate at apex, and the enlarged basal cells of same -colour; not found in Britain.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>521. <span class='sc'>H. arcuatum.</span> Lindb. (<i>H. pratense</i>, var. β. Bry. -Brit.) “L. more falcato-secund, scarcely complanate.”</p> - -<p class='c006'>Clay soils, common.</p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. VII.</i> Prostrate or ascending, rooting, regularly pinnate; l. hamate, circinnato-secund; caps. cernuous, solid, lid convexo-conical.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>522. <span class='sc'>H. molluscum.</span> Dill. St. soft, 1–2in. sub-erect; l. -circinnate secund; st. l. cordate; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all -tapering acuminate, striate, serrulate, and faintly two-nerved, -crisped when dry; caps. ovate, horizontal; lid conical, large, -sharply pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks and limestone rocks, common. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. VIII.</i> St. erect, rigid, villose, regularly pinnate; l. hamate; caps. oblong, incurved, solid.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>523. <span class='sc'>H. Crista-castrensis.</span> L. St. sub-erect, 3–4in. -pectinate; st. l. ovate-acuminate, br. l. narrowly lanceolate acuminate, -strongly striate, serrulate near apex—all circinnato-secund, -faintly two-nerved, margin reflexed; caps. -oblong curved, cernuous, lid conical, pointed; dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods and alpine rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. IX.</i> St. soft cæspitose, prostrate, branched; l. falcato-secund, rarely spreading, faintly nerved; areolæ linear; per. l. long, deeply sulcate; caps. incurved cernuous, lid convexo-conical or mammillate.</h5> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_176'>176</span> - <h6 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h6> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>524. <span class='sc'>H. palustre.</span> Dill. St. creeping; br. ascending, -crowded, curved, cuspidate and convolute at apex; l. -generally secund, sometimes almost falcate, elliptic-entire, -strongly concave, pointed; either nerveless, shortly two-nerved -or singly nerved half way; per. l. erect, distinctly -striate; caps. ovate, slightly curved; cernuous; lid conical, -pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones and rocks in streams. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd>l. imbricate, not secund. - </dd> - <dt>γ.</dt> - <dd><i>subsphœricarpon.</i> l. strongly nerved nearly to apex; caps. roundish ovate, tumid. - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c007'>525. <span class='sc'>H. dilatatum.</span> Wils. (<i>H. molle</i>, Bry. Eur.) Plant -of somewhat firm growth; l. rotundo-ovate, rather concave, -suddenly apiculate, texture very close, areolæ long and very -narrow; nerve double, short slender, but well defined (<i>fide</i> -G. E. Hunt). Caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>At a low elevation. N. Wales, Yorkshire, Berkshire, -Clova, Braemar.</p> - -<p class='c007'>526. <span class='sc'>H. molle</span>, Dicks. (<i>H. alpestre</i> (?) Bry. Eur., non -Swartz.) Very weak and flaccid, the tufts falling to pieces -on removal from the water; l. varying from ovate to -rotundo-ovate, flat, or sometimes very slightly reflexed -towards apex, gradually tapering upwards, or very rarely -suddenly apiculate; texture somewhat loose, areolæ larger -and wider than in last; nerve rather long and thick, ill-defined, -single or double (<i>fide</i> G. E. Hunt). Caps. as above.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Great elevations. Ben-mac-Dhui, Ben Nevis.</p> - -<p class='c020'>[The above two diagnoses are from a paper by Mr. G. E. Hunt, -on Perthshire and Braemar Mosses in Trans. Lit. and Phil. -Soc. and Manchester, 1868–9, p. 320.]</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_177'>177</span>527. <span class='sc'>H. arcticum.</span> Sommerfelt. St. 1–2in. creeping; -br. elongate, simple, obtuse; l. spreading, green above, -purplish below, small, broadly ovate or roundish, somewhat -obtuse, entire, strongly two-nerved about half way, sometimes -nerves blended into one; caps. ovate, cernuous, tapering into -the seta; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rivulets. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>528. <span class='sc'>H. eugyrium.</span> Schpr. St. short, much branched; l. -crowded, st. l. drooping on two sides, broadly oblong-lanceolate, -shortly acuminate; br. l. flexuoso-falcate, plano-concave, -elongate-lanceolate narrower, serrulate at apex; nerve thin, -unequally bifid; areolæ vermicular excavate, fulvous, and -rectangular at the decurrent angles; per. l., external -spreading, internal erect, longly lanceolate, with erose apices; -caps. ovate-oblong cernuous, turgid, lid mammillate; annulus -broadly bi-triseriate. [Bry. Eur. <span class='fss'>VI.</span>, t. 579. Schp. Syn., -639.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones in waterfalls. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c006'>N. Wales, Devonshire, Killarney.</p> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>529. <span class='sc'>H. ochraceum.</span> Turn. St. 2–4in., tufted filiform, -sub-erect, sparingly branched; l. yellowish green sub-secund, -sometimes falcate, distant, ovate-lanceolate, pointed, concave, -nerve forked, extending half way; per. l. squarrose recurved; -caps. oblong, tapering at base, cernuous; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Stones in alpine and sub-alpine streams, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. X.</i> Erect or procumbent, stem simple or more or less pinnate; l. patent, rarely sub-complanate, or sub-secund, thinly single-nerved, or shortly<span class='pageno' id='Page_178'>178</span> two-nerved, shining; areolæ linear; caps. incurved cernuous; lid mammillate or convexo-conical.</h5> - -<p class='c022'>1. St. more or less regularly pinnate; -l. patent or loosely imbricate.</p> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>a.</i> Monoicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>530. <span class='sc'>H. cordifolium.</span> Swartz. Bright green above, -reddish brown below; st. 3–6in. erect, sub-pinnate; br. -short slender; l. spreading, almost squarrose, convolute and -cuspidate at tip of branches, distant, cordate-ovate, obtuse, or -slightly apiculate, concave entire, strongly nerved almost to -apex; cells scarcely enlarged at base; caps. oblong, suddenly -horizontal, not tapering at base; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes and ditches. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<h6 class='c012'><i>b.</i> Dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>531. <span class='sc'>H. giganteum.</span> Schp. St. erect, thick, often 1ft. -long, densely pinnate; st. l. patent, broadly cordate-ovate, -strongly nerved to apex; cells linear, excavate and quadrate -at basal angles; br. l. lingulate narrow, terminal ones -twisted and subulate; per. l. oblong-lanceolate; caps. -oblong-cylindrical, sub-incurved, horizontal, on a long seta; -annulus none; lid mammillate. [Schp. Syn. 642.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes. Hale Moss and Wybunbury Bog. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>532. <span class='sc'>H. sarmentosum.</span> Wahl. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, -sub-pinnate; br. short cuspidate; foliage red or -purplish; l. much crowded, sub-erect, elliptic-oblong, -scarcely pointed, concave, entire, nerved almost to apex; -areolæ large, quadrate and pellucid at basal angles; caps. -ovate-oblong, cernuous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Spring (?)</span></p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_179'>179</span>533. <span class='sc'>H. cuspidatum.</span> Dill. St. 2–6in. erect, pinnate; -terminal foliage cuspidate; l. spreading, almost squarrose, -when young erect appressed and convolute; ovate, obtuse, -entire, nerveless or shortly two-nerved; cells enlarged and -pellucid at basal angles; caps. oblong, much curved, tapering -below; lid conical acute.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V. VI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>534. <span class='sc'>H. Schreberi.</span> Dill. St. 4–6in. erect, pinnate, -deep red, with slender curved branches, somewhat cuspidate -at summit; l. convolute, afterwards erecto-patent, elliptical, -concave, obtuse, shortly two-nerved; cells enlarged at basal -angles; caps. ovate-oblong curved cernuous; lid conical, -pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods and shady banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>535. <span class='sc'>H. purum.</span> Dill. St. 4–6in., not coloured, erect, -pinnate; br. slightly curved, not cuspidate at apex; l. -closely imbricate, broadly elliptical, concave, with recurved -points, almost boat-shaped, entire, nerved half way; caps. -ovate, suddenly horizontal; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Shady banks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<h6 class='c012'>2. St. almost simple, or sparingly branched; l. closely imbricate when dry: dioicous.</h6> - -<p class='c013'>536. <span class='sc'>H. stramineum.</span> Dicks. St. 2–4in. erect, filiform, -with few erect branches; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong, -obtuse, entire, concave, thinly nerved nearly to apex; cells -enlarged quadrate and pellucid at basal angles; caps. small, -ovate, curved, cernuous; lid short, conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Marshes amongst <i>Sphagnum</i>; rare in fr. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV. V.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>537. <span class='sc'>H. trifarium.</span> W. & M. St. 2–3in. erect or -trailing, sparingly branched; l. very closely imbricate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_180'>180</span>fragile when dry; generally but not always trifarious, -roundish obtuse, inflated, entire, nerved almost to apex; -caps. oval-oblong, curved, cernuous; lid conical.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine bogs and turfy rills. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span> (?)</span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>Sect. XI.</i> Fastigiate, sparingly branched; l. imbricate secund, ventricose, faintly nerved.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>538. <span class='sc'>H. scorpioides.</span> Dill. St. 3–4in. erect or procumbent, -irregularly pinnate; branches short; l. crowded, -imbricate, falcato-secund, large, roundish ovate, ventricose, -apiculate, entire, nerveless or faintly and shortly two-nerved, -purplish brown or lurid; caps. short oblong curved, tumid, -cernuous, on a long seta; lid conical, pointed.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bogs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>V.</span></span></p> - -<h4 class='c012'><i>Sub-genus</i> XIII. <span class='sc'>Hylocomium.</span> St. woody, pinnate or bipinnate, or sparingly branched; l. scariose, shining, sulcate, thinly two-nerved, without radicles; cells narrow, linear, broader at base; caps. ovate or ovate-globose, coriaceous, lid mammillate, perist. large, perfect.</h4> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>a.</i> irregularly bi-tripinnate, l. loosely imbricate; lid rostrate.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>539. <span class='sc'>H. (Hylocomium) splendens.</span> Dill. St. 2–6in., -erect or procumbent, interruptedly bi-tripinnate, villous, -reddish; fol. reddish or fulvous green; st. l. roundish elliptical, -with long wavy points; br. l. with a short point -or muticous—all imbricate concave serrate, shortly two-nerved, -margin recurved below; caps. ovate, curved, cernuous; -lid convex, tapering into a long beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Grassy banks, woods, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>IV.</span></span></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_181'>181</span> - <h5 class='c012'><i>b.</i> irregularly pinnate, l. patent, lid mammillate or shortly beaked.</h5> -</div> - -<p class='c013'>540. <span class='sc'>H. (Hylocomium) umbratum.</span> Ehrh. St. arched, -sub-erect, with branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; l. -yellowish green, glossy, cordate acuminate, serrate, plicato-striate, -nerve unequally bifurcate; caps. short, roundish, -obovate, curved, cernuous; lid conical, acute: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine woods on stones. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>541. <span class='sc'>H. (Hylocomium) Oakesii.</span> Sulliv. St. arched, -irregularly and distantly pinnate, with branched villi; l. -larger, elliptical, concave, not cordate, plicato-striate, serrate, -and sharply acuminate, singly nerved half way or shortly -two-nerved, margin recurved; per. l. squarrose; caps. -roundish ovate, gibbous above, cernuous; lid conical, shortly -beaked: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rocks. <span class='right'>Autumn (?)</span></p> - -<p class='c007'>542. <span class='sc'>H. (Hylocomium) brevirostre.</span> Ehrh. St. 2–6in. -arched, erect, with branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; st. -l. distant, almost squarrose, plicato-striate, cordate, and -suddenly acuminate; br. l. ovate-acuminate, not so suddenly -acuminate, striate—all serrulate and two-nerved half way; -caps. roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, tapering into -a rather long inclined beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous woods. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>c.</i> L. squarrose.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>543. <span class='sc'>H. (Hylocomium) squarrosum.</span> Dill. St. 2–3in. -reddish, slender, more or less erect, irregularly pinnate; -br. drooping; st. l. squarrose, recurved, ovate, gradually -tapering and very acute, faintly striate below; br. l. narrower, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_182'>182</span>less recurved, and squarrose—all serrulate and shortly -two-nerved: caps. roundish ovate, drooping; lid conical, -with a short sharp point: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Banks and woods. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>544. <span class='sc'>H. (Hylocomium) triquetrum.</span> Dill. St. 6in. or -more, rigid, reddish, erect, sub-pinnate; br. long straggling; -st. l. squarrose or sub-secund, striate; br. l. spreading, -scarcely striate—all triangular acuminate from a cordate, -amplexicaul base, serrulate and two-nerved half way; caps. -roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, acute: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Woods, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<h5 class='c012'><i>d.</i> L. secund, or falcato-secund.</h5> - -<p class='c013'>545. <span class='sc'>H. (Hylocomium) loreum.</span> Dill. St. 6–12in. -slender, erect, or procumbent, more or less pinnate; br. -drooping straggling; l. squarrose, recurved, more or less -secund at summit of stem and branches, ovate-lanceolate, -with a long acumen, not cordate or amplexicaul; plicato-striate -below; shortly and faintly two-nerved, sometimes -nerveless; caps. small roundish ovate; lid conical, sharply -pointed: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous woods. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>84. OMALIA. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>546. <span class='sc'>O. trichomanoides.</span> Dill. St. about 1in. irregularly -pinnate; l. crowded, sub-secund, complanate, oval, serrulate -at obtuse rounded apex, faintly nerved half way; caps. -small sub-cylindrical, sub-erect, lid with an oblique beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees and shady rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>85. NECKERA. Hedwig.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>547. <span class='sc'>N. complanata.</span> Bry. Eur. St. 1–2in. pinnate; br. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_183'>183</span>short crowded attenuate; l. complanate, not undulate, -obliquely ovate-oblong, suddenly apiculate from broadish -apex, faintly and shortly two-nerved; caps. roundish elliptical, -tapering below, erect; lid large, obliquely rostrate: -dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees, walls, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X.—XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>548. <span class='sc'>N. crispa.</span> Dill. St. 4–6in. pinnate, from a -creeping rhizome; l. complanate, undulate, ovate-oblong or -ovate-ligulate, somewhat obtuse and pointed, serrulate at -apex, faintly and shortly two-nerved or singly nerved half -way; caps. roundish ovate erect; lid with a long oblique -beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountainous rocks, trees. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI.—IV.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>549. <span class='sc'>N. pumila.</span> Huds. St. 1–2in. sub-pinnate, with -slender flagellæ and short complanate branches; l. complanate -undulate, ovate-oblong, tapering, apiculate or acuminate, -somewhat concave, serrulate, margin recurved, shortly two-nerved -or nerveless; caps. elliptical, erect, on a very short -seta; lid with a short beak: dioicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees and rocks. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>550. <span class='sc'>N. Philippeana.</span> Schp. Primary stem creeping -densely pinnate, secondary ascending remotely pinnate; l. -densely imbricate, complanate, strongly and elegantly undulate, -ovate-lanceolate, sharply narrowed into a longer or -shorter flexuose apiculus, nerveless; areolæ small linear. -[Bry. Eur. <span class='fss'>V.</span> 445. Schp. Syn. 471.] Possibly only a -variety of <i>N. pumila</i>.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Bark of a young ash tree, Valley of Hirnant, Bala, N. -Wales (Rev. H. H. Higgins), July, 1872, barren; Scotland.</p> - -<p class='c007'>551. <span class='sc'>N. pennata.</span> Hall. St. 2in. pinnate, with complanate -longer branches; l. complanate undulate, ovate-lanceolate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_184'>184</span>tapering to a slightly serrulate point, otherwise -entire, nerveless, or sometimes shortly and faintly two-nerved; -caps. oblong or oval immersed, lid with a short -oblique beak: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees, rare. <span class='right'>Spring.</span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>86. HOOKERIA. <span class='sc'>Smith.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>552. <span class='sc'>H. lucens.</span> Dill. St. 1–3in. procumbent, with -irregular complanate branches; l. complanate, large roundish -ovate, obtuse, entire, nerveless; areolæ large, hexagonal, -pellucid; caps. roundish elliptical, almost pendulous; lid -conical, suddenly tapering into a long straight beak: -monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Moist banks, stones in streams, &c. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>553. <span class='sc'>H. lætevirens.</span> H. & T. St. shorter and more -slender, procumbent, sub-pinnate; l. complanate, loosely -imbricate, smaller, ovate, suddenly and shortly acuminate, -with a thickened border; doubly nerved above half way, -serrulate at apex; areolæ smaller, hexagonal; caps. smaller, -drooping, roundish, elliptical; lid as above: monoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Caves, wet rocks, and by rivulets. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>XI. XII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>87. DALTONIA. <span class='sc'>Hooker & Taylor.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>554. <span class='sc'>D. splachnoides.</span> H. & T. St. ¼in. tufted, erect, -br. fastigiate; l. crowded, sub-erect, linear-lanceolate, -acuminate, slightly keeled, entire, nerve vanishing below -apex; per. l. small ovate; caps. small oval-oblong, sub-erect, -lid large, with a long straight beak.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Sub-alpine moist shady rocks and trees, rare. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>X. XI.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>88. CRYPHÆA. <span class='sc'>Mohr.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>555. <span class='sc'>C. heteromalla.</span> Dill. St. 1in. decumbent, -sparingly branched, sub-pinnate; l. spreading, imbricate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_185'>185</span>slightly recurved, broadly ovate, pointed, concave, thickly -nerved nearly to apex; per. l. elliptic, with an excurrent -nerve; caps. oblong immersed, appearing secund; lid conical, -pointed: synoicous.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Trunks of trees.</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt>var. β.</dt> - <dd><i>aquatilis.</i> st. elongate, l. roundish ovate obtuse; stones in running streams, or - trees. - </dd> - </dl> - -<h3 class='c011'>89. FONTINALIS. <span class='sc'>Dill.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>556. <span class='sc'>F. antipyretica.</span> L. St. very long, often 1ft., -with long spreading branches; l. ovate-lanceolate, very -concave, keeled, nerveless, all on each branch with one -margin reflexed on the same side, the other plane, sometimes -serrulate near apex; caps. oval or ovate, immersed; lid long -conical acute.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Streams and stagnant water. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI. VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c007'>557. <span class='sc'>F. squarrosa.</span> L. St. shorter, but elongate; br. -numerous, crowded fasciculate, not spreading; l. lanceolate -or oblong-lanceolate, concave, not keeled, margin not reflexed, -nerveless, entire; caps. similar to last.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Mountain rivulets. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VI.</span> <span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<h3 class='c011'>90. DICHELYMA. <span class='sc'>Myrin.</span></h3> - -<p class='c013'>558. <span class='sc'>D. capillaceum.</span> Dicks. St. 3–6in. slender, -brittle, with a few distichous spreading branches; l. erecto-patent, -secund, subulate-setaceous, keeled, with a long -excurrent nerve; per. l. long convolute, nerveless; caps. -short oval, almost immersed; lid large conical, beaked.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Alpine rivulets. <span class='right'>Summer.</span></p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_186'>186</span> - <h2 class='c004'>APPENDIX.</h2> -</div> -<h3 class='c011'>I. ADDITIONAL SPECIES.</h3> - -<p class='c013'><span class='sc'>Sphagnum laricinum.</span> Spruce. (<i>S. neglectum</i>, Angst.) -St. 4–6in. solid, <i>the bark</i> pale, of 2–3 layers of cells. Br. -fascicles more or less crowded, of 3–4 br., of which one or -two are divergent, the others pendent, but not appressed nor -acute. St. l. small ovate, cucullate at apex, at last minutely -fimbriate, patent or reflexed; basal cells hyaline utricular, -the middle and lateral very narrow, the apical rhomboid, -with scarcely any fibres or pores; br. l. sub-secund, recurved -at point, ovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the point -with 3–5 teeth, margin recurved above, rather broadly -bordered; hyaline cells serpentine elongate, with many -threads and pores; caps. scarcely exserted. [Dr. Braithwaite, -Monthly Micros. Jour., 1872, p. 159.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Deep bogs.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Terrington Carr, Yorkshire, 1846 (Spruce); Holyhead -(Wilson); Braemar, 1868 (Hunt).</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='sc'>Dicranum undulatum.</span> Ehr. St. naked and decumbent -at base; l. patulous, upper falcato-secund or appressed and -slightly secund from a broad oblong base, lanceolate, gradually -narrowed into a dagger-shaped point ending somewhat -abruptly in the acute apex, beautifully undulate in the upper -half, carinate; margin revolute below, coarsely serrate -above with spinulose irregular teeth; nerve flattened, narrow -and extended to apex, narrowly two-winged and <i>serrate</i> at -back; cells elongate oblong or elongate hexagonal, those of -central base sub-quadrate and hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, in -<i>Grevillea</i>, i., 108.]</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_187'>187</span>Stockton Forest, near York, 1842 (Spruce); again 1872 -(Mr. Anderson). It has doubtless been frequently overlooked -or mistaken for <i>D. scoparium</i> or <i>D. Bonjeanii</i> -(<i>palustre</i>).</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='sc'>Bryum (Webera) Breidleri.</span> Juratzka. Dioicous. St. -1½in. reddish brown and procumbent below, light green above, -l. ovate, decurrent, erecto-patent, concave, serrate towards -apex, margin recurved, thinly nerved nearly to apex, areolæ -narrow elongate, upper acute at both ends, lower quadrate; -male fl. terminal discoid, outer perig. l. spreading elliptic-lanceolate, -saccate at base, margin strongly recurved, apex -cucullate serrate; inner obovate, suddenly acuminate; -perich. l. linear-lanceolate, strongly nerved; caps. oval -pendulous, glaucous green when young, pale reddish brown -when ripe, on a slender seta geniculate at base. [Hunt. -Mem. Lit. and Phil. Soc., Manchr., 1871–2, p. 101.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Wet <i>debris</i> of slaty rocks near springs. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII. VIII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Glen Callater, Loch-na-gar, Carnlochan Glen (Hunt).</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='sc'>Bryum. (Webera) Schimperi.</span> Wils. (<i>non</i> Bry. Eur.) -L. more rigid, erect, narrow, lanceolate, less decurrent, nerve -stronger, continued almost to apex; areolæ a little longer and -more obscure. [Hunt, l. c.]</p> - -<p class='c006'><i>Debris</i> of micaceous rock. <span class='right'><span class='fss'>VII.</span></span></p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben Lawers, Perthshire Mts., Snowdon.</p> - -<h3 class='c011'>II. ALTERATIONS OF NOMENCLATURE, AND SYNONYMS.</h3> - -<p class='c013'>No. 54. <i>W. truncicola</i> De Not. =</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='sc'>Dicranum montanum.</span> Hedw. “Having shown the -specimen to Prof. Lindberg during his recent visit, he -<span class='pageno' id='Page_188'>188</span>informed me that he was under the impression that Juratzka -had referred it to <i>Dic. montanum</i>; and on comparing the two -I find they are truly identical. The species is, however, -none the less an addition to our flora.... its place will be -next to <i>D. strictum.</i>” [Dr. Braithwaite, in <i>Grevillea</i> i., p. 75.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>No. 71. <i>Dicranum polycarpum.</i> β. <i>strumiferum</i> = -<span class='sc'>Oncophorus strumifer.</span> Brid.</p> - -<h4 class='c012'>ONCOPHORUS. <span class='sc'>Brid.</span></h4> - -<p class='c023'>L. spreading flexuose from a sub-decurrent base; -caps. cernuous incurved, neck shortly and widely -strumose, not striate.</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='sc'>O. strumifer.</span> Brid. “This is again restored to the rank -of a species, as it differs from <i>O. polycarpus (Dicranum)</i> in -the caps. being more or less cernuous, constantly strumose at -base, with a compound annulus, and in the leaves having -papillæ only on the upper surface.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. -Bot. <span class='fss'>VIII.</span> 228.]</p> - -<p class='c007'>84. <span class='sc'>Dicranum heteromallum.</span> δ. <i>sericeum.</i></p> - -<p class='c006'>Add as a synonym, <i>Dicranodontium sericeum</i>. Schp.</p> - -<p class='c007'>85. <i>D. Starkii.</i> β. <i>molle</i> =</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='sc'>D. arcticum.</span> Schp. Its general appearance better distinguishes -it from <i>D. Starkii</i> than its microscopical characters. -It is <i>quite erect</i>, growing in large loose patches, stems 3–4in., -elastic, very robust; foliage of a fine purplish brown colour; -leaf wider below, and more suddenly contracted upwards, -with a thinner nerve; fruits earlier. [Hunt. l. c. p. 321.]</p> - -<p class='c006'>Ben-mac-dhui and Ben Nevis.</p> - -<p class='c007'>92. <span class='sc'>D. circinnatum.</span> Wils.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Add as synonyms <i>Dicranodontium aristatum</i>. Schp. <i>D. -asperulum.</i> Mitt.</p> - -<p class='c006'><span class='pageno' id='Page_189'>189</span>96. <span class='sc'>D. palustre.</span> Brid. Dr. Braithwaite points out in -<i>Grevillea</i> <span class='fss'>I.</span>, 109, that La Pylaie’s specimens of this moss -(Bridel Bryol. Univ. <span class='fss'>I.</span> 814) belong to <i>Campylopus flexuosus</i>, -as shewn by De Notaris in his Epil. Bryol. Ital.; and that -hence the name <span class='sc'>D. Bonjeanii</span>, De Not. is to be preferred. -The synonymy would then stand:—</p> - -<p class='c007'>96. <span class='sc'>D. Bonjeanii.</span> De Not. Syllab. Muse. 213 (1838); -Muell. Synopsis <span class='fss'>I.</span>, 369 (1849). <i>D. palustre.</i> Bry. Eur. and -Bry. Brit., p. 79 (<i>non</i> Bridel.) <i>D. undulatum.</i> Turn. Musc. -Hib.</p> - -<p class='c006'>The following amended diagnosis of this species is from -the same author (in <i>Grev.</i> i., 109):—“Seta solitary; st. erect; -l. more or less erecto-patent, straight, from a broad linear -flat base, broadly oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into -a strap-shaped point, tapering into an acute apex, lightly -undulate above, canaliculate; margin acutely serrate above, -teeth uniform in shape and direction; nerve very narrow, -vanishing below apex, <i>smooth</i> at back; basal cells short -quadrate, brownish, above elongate hexagonal or parallelogramic, -uppermost elliptic-oblong.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>361. <i>E. minimum</i>, Hunt. is now ascertained to be -<span class='sc'>Splachnobryum Wrightii</span>, Muell., and can hardly be -considered as indigenous, “for the spores have most probably -been mixed with soil attached to some exotic, and thus -accidentally scattered on the wall where it was found.”—[Braithwaite.]</p> - -<p class='c007'>SPLACHNOBRYUM. C. Muell. Verhand. Zool. Bot. -Ges. Wien, 1869. p. 501.</p> - -<p class='c006'>“Calyp. dimidiate, enclosing the whole theca and embracing -spirally the upper part of the seta, cleft at side, smooth, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_190'>190</span>fugacious. Perist. simple, arising below mouth of caps., -teeth 16 very narrow, linear-lanceolate acicular, with the -articulations remote. Columella immersed. Dioicous, male -fl. gemmaceous, without paraphyses. Plants small slender, -with distant spathulate leaves.”</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='sc'>S. Wrightii.</span> Muell. l. c. (<i>Entosthodon minimus</i>, Hunt. l. c. -<i>Amblyphyllum Hibernicum</i>, Lindb. MS.)</p> - -<p class='c006'>“St. ¼–⅓in. simple sub-flexuose, pale red, slightly radiculose; -l. bright green distant (base narrow, slightly decurrent), -patent, flattish, obovate or spathulate, rounded at apex, -margin reflexed below, entire or minutely serrulate in male, -crenulate above in female plant, nerve thick, prominent at -back, vanishing below apex; cells large lax, pellucid, smooth, -incrassate, rhombo-rectangular at base, rhomboidal above, -smaller and nearly circular at margin; caps. erect, obconical -at base, sub-cylindrical, wide-mouthed, pale brown; seta -slender, twisted to left; lid conical acute.” [Dr. Braithwaite, -l. c.]</p> - -<h3 id='ERRATA' class='c011'>III. ERRATA.</h3> - -<table class='table2' summary='ERRATA'> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>p.</td> - <td class='c015'>57.</td> - <td class='c016'>Head line, “c” inverted.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c015'>71.</td> - <td class='c016'>line 9, for “obtuse,” read “acute.”</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c015'>81.</td> - <td class='c016'>line 5 from bottom, specific name should begin with a capital M.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c015'>99.</td> - <td class='c016'>for “<span class='sc'>Tetradontium</span>” read “<span class='sc'>Tetrodontium</span>.”</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c016'>last line, before “long” read “l.”</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c015'>127.</td> - <td class='c016'>line 17, for “hexaganal” read “hexagonal.”</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c015'>141.</td> - <td class='c016'>line 6 from bottom, for “Nowcll” read “Nowell.”</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c015'>152.</td> - <td class='c016'>line 5 from bottom, for “<span class='fss'>EURYNCHUM</span>” read “<span class='fss'>EURYNCHIUM</span>.”</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'>„</td> - <td class='c015'>139.</td> - <td class='c016'>line 3, for “<span class='sc'>Anæctangium</span>” read “<span class='sc'>Anœctangium</span>.”</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_191'>191</span> - <h2 class='c004'>GLOSSARY<br /> <span class='small'>OF THE</span><br /> <span class='large'>PRINCIPAL TERMS USED IN THIS VOLUME.</span></h2> -</div> - -<ul class='index c002'> - <li class='c025'><i>Acuminate.</i> taper-pointed.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Acute.</i> pointed, scarcely tapering.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Alar.</i> (cells) at basal angles.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Annulus.</i> an elastic ring round mouth of caps.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Apicu-lus (-late.)</i> a very short point.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Apophysis.</i> an excrescence; a swelling at base of capsule.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Arcuate.</i> arched or curved.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Areolæ.</i> the leaf cells.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Arista.</i> a short bristly point.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Auricles</i> (of leaf). short lobes on each side of base.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Bifarious.</i> two-ranked.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Cæpitose.</i> tufted or matted together.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Calyptra.</i> the outermost covering, or veil, of the capsule.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Capsule.</i> the fruit, enclosing the spores.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Carinate.</i> keeled.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Cernuous.</i> nodding.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Chlorophyll.</i> the green matter filling the cells.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Cilia.</i> hair-like divisions of the inner peristome.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Circinnate.</i> curved nearly into a circle.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Cirrhose.</i> having a very narrow hair-like wavy point.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Clavate.</i> club-shaped.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Columella.</i> the central pillar of caps. round which the spores are grouped.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Comal.</i> the large topmost leaves of some stems.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Complanate.</i> flat.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Convolute.</i> rolled together. Acuminate. taper-pointed.</li> - <li class='c025'><span class='pageno' id='Page_192'>192</span><i>Cucullate</i> (<i>cucullus</i>). hooded.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Cuspidate.</i> with a short bristly point.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Decurrent.</i> (of leaf.) running down the stem.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Dendroid.</i> tree-like.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Dentate.</i> toothed.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Denticulate.</i> with smaller teeth.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Diaphanous.</i> semi-transparent.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Dichotomous.</i> forked.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Dimidiate.</i> split up one side.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Dioicous.</i> barren and fertile flowers on different plants.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Distichous.</i> inserted in two opposite rows.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Divaricate.</i> widely spreading.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Dorsal.</i> at the back.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Erose.</i> as if bitten or gnawed out.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Excurrent.</i> (of nerve.) continued beyond the apex of leaf.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Exserted.</i> standing out from the leaves.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Falcate.</i> falchion-shaped, or much bent.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Fasciculate</i> (stems or branches), of unequal height.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Fastigiate</i> (stems or branches), reaching to same height.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Filiform.</i> thread-like.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Fugacious.</i> falling early.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Gemmiform</i> or <i>Gemmaceous</i>. like a bud.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Geniculate.</i> suddenly bent like the leg when kneeling.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Gibbous.</i> bunched or swelling out.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Granulate.</i> roughly dotted on surface.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Gregarious.</i> growing together, but not matted.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Hamate, Hamulose.</i> bent like a hook.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Hyaline.</i> glassy.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Hygrometric</i> (<i>Hygroscopic</i>). moving when moistened.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Imbricate.</i> overlapping each other like tiles.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Immersed</i> (of caps.) when almost buried in the leaves.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Inflexed.</i> bent inwards.</li> - <li class='c025'><span class='pageno' id='Page_193'>193</span><i>Julaceous.</i> resembling a slender glossy worm.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Lamina.</i> the blade of the leaf.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Lid.</i> the cover to the mouth of caps.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Ligulate.</i> strap-shaped.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Lingulate.</i> tongue-shaped.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Mitriform</i> (of calyp.) mitre-shaped, not split up the side.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Monoicous.</i> barren and fertile fl. on same plant, but not on same receptacle.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Mucro.</i> a short terminal point.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Mucronate.</i> terminated with a mucro.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Muriculate.</i> roughened with sharpish prominences.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Muticous.</i> without a point.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Ochrea.</i> the filmy sheath surrounding base of seta.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Pagina.</i> the blade of the leaf apart from the nerve.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Panduriform.</i> fiddle-shaped.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Papillose.</i> roughened with blunt roundish prominences.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Percurrent.</i> extending the entire length.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Perichætium.</i> the leafy involucre at base of seta, surrounding the vaginula in fertile fl.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Perigonium.</i> the leaves surrounding the barren fl.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Peristome.</i> the teeth at mouth of caps. covered by the lid before it falls.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Plicate.</i> furrowed.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Præmorse.</i> ending suddenly, as if bitten off.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Pyriform.</i> pear-shaped.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Quadrate.</i> square.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Radicles.</i> small rooting fibres.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Radiculose.</i> covered with radicles.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Rhizome.</i> a creeping subterranean stem.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Rhomboid (rhombus).</i> an oblique square.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Rostellate.</i> with a very short beak.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Rostrate.</i> with a longer beak.</li> - <li class='c025'><span class='pageno' id='Page_194'>194</span><i>Rugose.</i> wrinkled or crumpled.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Scariose.</i> dry and chaffy (opposed to tender and succulent).</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Secund.</i> all turned to one side.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Seta.</i> the fruit-stalk.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Setaceous.</i> bristle-shaped.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Spathulate.</i> somewhat resembling a battle-door.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Strumose.</i> swollen at base.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Sub-.</i> in a slight degree; <i>e. g.</i> “sub-serrate” slightly serrate.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Subula.</i> an awl.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Subulate.</i> awl-shaped.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Sulcate.</i> furrowed.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Synoicous.</i> male and female fl. on same receptacle.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Terete.</i> cylindrical.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Thæca.</i> the capsule.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Tomentose.</i> covered with down.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Truncate.</i> having the point cut off.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Tumid.</i> swollen.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Turbinate.</i> shaped like a peg-top.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Vaginula.</i> the cellular sheath surrounding the base of the seta.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Vermicular.</i> narrow and wavy (like a worm).</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Villi.</i> short leafy processes on the stem amongst the leaves.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Villous.</i> covered with villi.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Uncinate.</i> bent like a hook.</li> - <li class='c025'><i>Undulate.</i> wavy.</li> -</ul> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_195'>195</span> - <h2 class='c004'>INDEX<br /> <span class='large'>TO GENERA AND SYNONYMS.</span></h2> -</div> - -<ul class='index c002'> - <li class='c025'>Amblyodon, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Amblystegium, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Anacalypta, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Andreæa, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Anodus, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Anœctangium, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Anomodon, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Antitrichia, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Archidium, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Arctoa, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Atrichum, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Aulacomnion, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a></li> - <li class='c002'><i>Barbula</i>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Bartramia, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Bartramidula, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Blindia, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Brachyodus, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Brachythecium, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Bryum, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Buxbaumia, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Camptothecium, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Campylopus, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Campylostelium, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Catascopium, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Ceratodon, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Cinclidium, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Cinclidotus, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Climacium, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Conostomum, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Cryphæa, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Cylindrothecium, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Cynodontium, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Daltonia, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></li> - <li class='c025'><i>Desmatodon</i>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Dichelyma, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Dicranodontium, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></li> - <li class='c025'><i>Dicranella</i>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Dicranum, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Didymodon, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Diphyscium, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Discelium, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Dissodon, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Distichium, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a></li> - <li class='c025'><i>Ditrichum</i>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a></li> - <li class='c025'><i>Dryptodon</i>, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Encalypta, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Entosthodon, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a></li> - <li class='c025'><i>Ephemerum</i>, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Eurynchium, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Fissidens, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Fontinalis, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Funaria, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Glyphomitrium, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Grimmia, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Gymnostomum, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Habrodon, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Hedwigia, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Hedwigidium, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Hookeria, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Hylocomium, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Hyocomium, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Hypnum, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a> - <ul> - <li><i>eu</i>-Hypnum, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a></li> - </ul> - </li> - <li class='c002'>Isothecium, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Leptobryum, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Leptodon, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a></li> - <li class='c025'><span class='pageno' id='Page_196'>196</span>Leskea, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Leucobryum, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Leucodon, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Meesia, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Mielichhoferia, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Mnium, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a></li> - <li class='c025'><i>Myurella</i>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Neckera, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Œdipodium, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Oligotrichum, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Omalia, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Oncophorus, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Orthodontium, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Orthotrichum, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Paludella, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Phascum, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a></li> - <li class='c025'><i>Philonotis</i>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Physcomitrium, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Plagiothecium, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Pogonatum, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Polytrichum, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Pottia, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Pterogonium, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Ptychodium, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Ptychomitrium, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Racomitrium, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Rhabdoweissia, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Rhynchostegium, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></li> - <li class='c002'><i>Schistidium</i>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Schistostega, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Scleropodium, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Seligeria, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Sphagnum, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Splachnobryum, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Splachnum, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Stylostegium, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a></li> - <li class='c025'><i>Syntrichia</i>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Tayloria, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Tetraphis, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Tetraplodon, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Tetrodontium, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Thamnium, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Thuyidium, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Timmia, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Tortola, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Trichostomum, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Webera, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a></li> - <li class='c025'>Weissia, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a></li> - <li class='c002'>Zygodon, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a></li> -</ul> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='small'>B. BROWN, PRINTER, HUDDERSFIELD</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c003' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='large'>THE MICROSCOPE IN BOTANY.</span></div> - <div class='c003'>MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS,</div> - <div class='c003'>(Unmounted) illustrating</div> - <div class='c003'>TYPICAL FORMS OF VEGETABLE STRUCTURE,</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Selection of 24, 3s., post free. Also other interesting unmounted objects, -suited to the requirements of Amateur Microscopists, prepared by</p> -<div class='c019'><span class='sc'>Walter White, Litcham, Norfolk.</span></div> - -<hr class='c026' /> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>On the 1st of every month, 32 pp., Demy 8vo., with at least One Plate,</div> - <div class='c003'><span class='large'>THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY,</span></div> - <div class='c003'>BRITISH AND FOREIGN,</div> - <div class='c003'>Edited by <span class='sc'>Henry Trimen</span>, M.B., F.L.S., British Museum, assisted by <span class='sc'>J. G. Baker</span>, F. L. S., Royal Herbarium, Kew.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c027'>Subscriptions for 1873 (12s. post free in the United Kingdom) payable in -advance to the publishers, Messrs. Ranken and Co., Drury House, St. Mary-le-Strand, -London, W.C., of whom may be obtained the volume for 1872 (price -16s. 6d. bound in cloth); also covers for the volume (price 1s.), and back -numbers.</p> - -<hr class='c026' /> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>In January, April, July, and October, 48pp. 8vo (often with a Plate),</div> - <div class='c003'><span class='large'><strong>The Scottish Naturalist</strong>:</span></div> - <div class='c003'>A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF SCOTTISH NATURAL HISTORY,</div> - <div class='c003'><span class='large'>EDITED BY F. BUCHANAN WHITE, M.D.</span></div> - <div class='c003'>Price, paid in advance, 4s. per annum, post free. If not paid in advance, 4s. 6d., and postage extra. Single numbers, 1s. 2d. Apply to Mr. T. A. Scott, Clydesdale Bank, Perth.</div> - <div class='c003'>Volume I. may still be had—price Seven Shillings.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class='c026' /> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><i>Annual Subscription, 5s.; single number, 6d.</i></div> - <div class='c003'><span class='large'>“<em class='gesperrt'>GREVILLEA</em>,”</span></div> - <div class='c003'>A MONTHLY RECORD OF</div> - <div class='c003'>CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY,</div> - <div class='c003'>EDITED BY M. C. COOKE, M. A.</div> - <div class='c003'>London: WILLIAMS & NORGATE, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='c028'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1001'>1001</span><span class='sc'>London</span>, <span class='sc'>January 1st, 1873</span>.</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='large'>LIST OF WORKS</span></div> - <div class='c003'>PUBLISHED BY</div> - <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'>L. REEVE & CO.</span></div> - <div class='c002'>NEW SERIES OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR BEGINNERS.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>⁂ A good introductory series of books on Natural History for -the use of students and amateurs is still a <i>desideratum</i>. Those at -present in use have been too much compiled from antiquated sources; -whilst the figures, copied in many instances from sources equally antiquated, -are far from accurate, the colouring of them having become -degenerated through the adoption, for the sake of cheapness, of -mechanical processes.</p> - -<p class='c006'>The present series will be entirely the result of original research -carried to its most advanced point; and the figures, which will be -chiefly engraved on steel, by the artist most highly renowned in each -department for his technical knowledge of the subjects, will in all -cases be drawn from actual specimens, and coloured separately by -hand.</p> - -<p class='c006'>Each work will treat of a department of Natural History sufficiently -limited in extent to admit of a satisfactory degree of -completeness.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><i>The following are now ready</i>:—</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c029'>British Insects; a Familiar Description of the -Form, Structure, Habits, and Transformations of Insects. By -<span class='sc'>E. F. Staveley</span>. Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured Steel Plates, engraved -from Natural Specimens expressly for the work by <span class='sc'>E. W. -Robinson</span>, and numerous Wood-Engravings by <span class='sc'>E. C. Rye</span>, 14<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Butterflies and Moths; an Introduction -to the Study of our Native <span class='sc'>Lepidoptera</span>. By <span class='sc'>H. T. Stainton</span>. -Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured Steel Plates, containing Figures of 100 -Species, engraved from Natural Specimens expressly for the -work by <span class='sc'>E. W. Robinson</span>, and Wood-Engravings, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1002'>1002</span>British Beetles; an Introduction to the Study -of our Indigenous <span class='sc'>Coleoptera</span>. By <span class='sc'>E. C. Rye</span>. Crown 8vo, -16 Coloured Steel Plates, comprising Figures of nearly 100 -Species, engraved from Natural Specimens, expressly for the -work, by <span class='sc'>E. W. Robinson</span>, and 11 Wood-Engravings of Dissections -by the Author, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Bees; an Introduction to the Study of -the Natural History and Economy of the Bees indigenous to -the British Isles. By <span class='sc'>W. E. Shuckard</span>. Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured -Steel Plates, containing nearly 100 Figures, engraved -from Natural Specimens, expressly for the work, by <span class='sc'>E. W. -Robinson</span>, and Woodcuts of Dissections, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Spiders; an Introduction to the Study -of the <span class='sc'>Araneidæ</span> found in Great Britain and Ireland. By -<span class='sc'>E. F. Staveley</span>. Crown 8vo, 16 Plates, containing Coloured -Figures of nearly 100 Species, and 40 Diagrams, showing the -number and position of the eyes in various Genera, drawn expressly -for the work by <span class='sc'>Tuffen West</span>, and 44 Wood-Engravings, -10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Grasses; an Introduction to the Study -of the Grasses found in the British Isles. By <span class='sc'>M. Plues</span>. Crown -8vo, 16 Coloured Plates, drawn expressly for the work by <span class='sc'>W. -Fitch</span>, and 100 Wood-Engravings, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Ferns; an Introduction to the Study -of the <span class='sc'>Ferns</span>, <span class='sc'>Lycopods</span>, and <span class='sc'>Equiseta</span> indigenous to the British -Isles. With Chapters on the Structure, Propagation, Cultivation, -Diseases, Uses, Preservation, and Distribution of Ferns. -By <span class='sc'>M. Plues</span>. Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured Plates, drawn expressly -for the work by <span class='sc'>W. Fitch</span>, and 55 Wood-Engravings, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Seaweeds; an Introduction to the Study -of the Marine <span class='sc'>Algæ</span> of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel -Islands. By <span class='sc'>S. O. Gray</span>. Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured Plates, drawn -expressly for the work by <span class='sc'>W. Fitch</span>, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>Other Works in preparation.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_1003'>1003</span>BOTANY.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c029'>The Young Collector’s Handybook of Botany. -By the Rev. <span class='sc'>H. P. Dunster</span>, M.A. 66 Wood-Engravings, -3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>The Natural History of Plants. By <span class='sc'>H. -Baillon</span>, President of the Linnæan Society of Paris, Professor -of Medical Natural History and Director of the Botanical Garden -of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Translated by <span class='sc'>Marcus -M. Hartog</span>, B. Sc. Lond., Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. -Super-royal 8vo. Vols. I. and II., with 800 Wood-Engravings, -25<i>s.</i> each.</p> - -<p class='c029'>Domestic Botany; an Exposition of the -Structure and Classification of Plants, and of their uses for Food, -Clothing, Medicine, and Manufacturing Purposes. By <span class='sc'>John -Smith</span>, A.L.S., ex-Curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. -Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured Plates and Wood-Engravings, 16<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Handbook of the British Flora; a Description -of the Flowering Plants and Ferns indigenous to, or naturalized -in, the British Isles. For the Use of Beginners and Amateurs. -By <span class='sc'>George Bentham</span>, F.R.S., President of the Linnæan Society. -New Edition, Crown 8vo, 12<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>The Illustrated British Flora, a Description -(with a Wood-Engraving, including dissections, of each species) -of the Flowering Plants and Ferns indigenous to, or naturalized -in, the British Isles. By <span class='sc'>George Bentham</span>, F.R.S., President -of the Linnæan Society. Demy 8vo, 2 vols., 1295 Wood-Engravings, -from Original Drawings by <span class='sc'>W. Fitch</span>, £3 10<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Wild Flowers, Familiarly Described -in the Four Seasons. A New Edition of “The Field Botanist’s -Companion.” By <span class='sc'>Thomas Moore</span>, F.L.S. Demy 8vo, 42 -Coloured Plates, by <span class='sc'>W. Fitch</span>, 16<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1004'>1004</span>British Grasses; an Introduction to the Study -of the Gramineæ of Great Britain and Ireland. By <span class='sc'>M. Plues</span>. -Crown 8vo, 100 Wood-Engravings, 6<i>s.</i>; with 16 Coloured -Plates by <span class='sc'>W. Fitch</span>, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine: Figures and -Descriptions of New and Rare Plants of Interest to the Botanical -Student, and suitable for the Garden, Stove, or Greenhouse. -By Dr. <span class='sc'>J. D. Hooker</span>, F.R.S., Director of the Royal -Gardens, Kew. Royal 8vo. Published Monthly, with 6 Plates,, -3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> coloured.</p> - -<p class='c029'>The Floral Magazine: Figures and Descriptions -of Select New Flowers for the Garden, Stove, or Conservatory. -By the Rev. <span class='sc'>H. Honywood Dombrain</span>, A.B. New -Series, enlarged to Royal 4to. Monthly, with 4 Plates, 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> -coloured. First Series complete in 10 vols., with 560 beautifully -Coloured Plates, £18 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Outlines of Elementary Botany, as Introductory -to Local Floras. By <span class='sc'>George Bentham</span>, F.R.S., President -of the Linnæan Society. Second Edition, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>The Tourist’s Flora; a Descriptive Catalogue -of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the British Islands, -France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and the Italian Islands. -By <span class='sc'>Joseph Woods</span>, F.L.S. Demy 8vo, 18<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Contributions to the Flora of Mentone, and -to a Winter Flora of the Riviera, including the Coast from -Marseilles to Genoa. By <span class='sc'>J. Traherne Moggridge</span>, F.L.S. -Royal 8vo. In 4 parts, each, with 25 Coloured Plates, 15<i>s.</i>, or -complete in one vol. 63<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Flora Vitiensis; a Description of the Plants -of the Viti or Fiji Islands, with an Account of their History, -Uses, and Properties. By Dr. <span class='sc'>Berthold Seemann</span>, F.L.S. -Royal 4to, Parts I. to IX. each, 10 Coloured Plates, 15<i>s.</i> To -be completed in 10 Parts.</p> - -<p class='c029'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1005'>1005</span>Flora of British India. By Dr. <span class='sc'>J. D. Hooker</span>, -C.B., F.R.S., &c.; assisted by various Botanists. Part I., -10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Published under the Authority of the Secretary of -State for India in Council.</p> - -<p class='c029'>Flora of Tropical Africa. By <span class='sc'>Daniel -Oliver</span>, F.R.S., F.L.S. Vols I. and II., 20<i>s.</i> each. Published -under the authority of the First Commissioner of Her Majesty’s -Works.</p> - -<p class='c029'>Handbook of the New Zealand Flora; a -Systematic Description of the Native Plants of New Zealand, -and the Chatham, Kermadec’s, Lord Auckland’s, Campbell’s, -and Macquarrie’s Islands. By Dr. <span class='sc'>J. D. Hooker</span>, F.R.S. -Complete in one vol., 30<i>s.</i> Published under the auspices of the -Government of that colony.</p> - -<p class='c029'>Flora Australiensis; a Description of the -Plants of the Australian Territory. By <span class='sc'>George Bentham</span>, -F.R.S., President of the Linnæan Society, assisted by <span class='sc'>Ferdinand -Mueller</span>, F.R.S., Government Botanist, Melbourne, -Victoria. Vols. I. to V., 20<i>s.</i> each. Published under the -auspices of the several Governments of Australia.</p> - -<p class='c029'>Flora of the British West Indian Islands. By -Dr. <span class='sc'>Grisebach</span>, F.L.S. 37<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Published under the auspices -of the Secretary of State for the Colonies.</p> - -<p class='c029'>Flora Hongkongensis; a Description of the -Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Island of Hongkong. By -<span class='sc'>George Bentham</span>, P.L.S. With a Map of the Island. 16<i>s.</i> -Published under the authority of Her Majesty’s Secretary of -State for the Colonies.</p> - -<p class='c029'>Flora Capensis: a Systematic Description of -the Plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, and Port Natal. By -<span class='sc'>William H. Harvey</span>, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Botany in -the University of Dublin, and <span class='sc'>Otto Wilhem Sonder</span>, Ph.D. -Vols. I and II., 12<i>s.</i> each. Vol. III., 18<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1006'>1006</span>Flora of Tasmania. By Dr. <span class='sc'>J. D. Hooker</span>, -F.R.S. 2 vols. Royal 4to. 200 Plates, £17 10<i>s.</i>, coloured. -Published under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of -the Admiralty.</p> - -<p class='c029'>On the Flora of Australia, its Origin, Affinities, -and Distribution; being an Introductory Essay to the -“Flora of Tasmania.” By Dr. <span class='sc'>J. D. Hooker</span>, F.R.S., 10<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Genera Plantarum, ad Exemplaria imprimis -in Herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. By <span class='sc'>George Bentham</span>, -F.R.S., President of the Linnæan Society, and Dr. <span class='sc'>J. D. -Hooker</span>, F.R.S., Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. Vol. I. -Part I. Royal 8vo, 21<i>s.</i> Part II., 14<i>s.</i>; Part III., 15<i>s.</i>; or -Vol. I. complete, 50<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Laws of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by -the International Botanical Congress, with an Historical Introduction -and a Commentary. By <span class='sc'>Alphonse de Candolle</span>. -2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Illustrations of the Nueva Quinologia of -Pavon, with Observations on the Barks described. By <span class='sc'>J. E. -Howard</span>, F.L.S. With 27 coloured Plates by <span class='sc'>W. Fitch</span>. Imperial -folio, half-morocco, gilt edges, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>The Quinology of the East Indian Plantations. -By <span class='sc'>J. E. Howard</span>, F.L.S. Folio, 3 Coloured Plates, 21<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Revision of the Natural Order Hederaceæ, -being a reprint, with numerous additions and corrections, of a -series of papers published in the “Journal of Botany, British -and Foreign.” By <span class='sc'>Berthold Seemann</span>, Ph.D., F.L.S. 7 Plates, -10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Icones Plantarum. Figures, with Brief Descriptive -Characters and Remarks, of New and Rare Plants, -selected from the Author’s Herbarium. By Sir <span class='sc'>W. J. Hooker</span>, -F.R.S. New Series, Vol. V. 100 Plates, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1007'>1007</span>A Second Century of Orchidaceous Plants, -selected from the Subjects published in Curtis’s “Botanical Magazine” -since the issue of the “First Century.” Edited by <span class='sc'>James -Bateman</span>, Esq., F.R.S. Complete in 1 Vol. royal 4to, 100 -Coloured Plates, 5<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Monograph of Odontoglossum, a Genus of the -Vandeous Section of Orchidaceous Plants. By <span class='sc'>James Bateman</span>, -Esq., F.R.S. Imperial folio, Parts I. to IV., each with -5 Coloured Plates, and occasional Wood Engravings, 21<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Select Orchidaceous Plants. By <span class='sc'>Robert -Warner</span>, F.R.H.S. With Notes on Culture by <span class='sc'>B. S. Williams</span>. -Folio, cloth gilt, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c030'>Second Series, Parts I. to IX., each, with 3 Coloured Plates, -10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya; -being an Account, Botanical and Geographical, of the Rhododendrons -recently discovered in the Mountains of Eastern -Himalaya from Drawings and Descriptions made on the spot, -by Dr. <span class='sc'>J. D. Hooker</span>, F.R.S. By Sir <span class='sc'>W. J. Hooker</span>, F.R.S. -Folio, 30 Coloured Plates, 4<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Illustrations of the Genus Carex. By <span class='sc'>Francis -Boott</span>, M.D. Part IV. Folio, 189 Plates, 10<i>l.</i></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>FERNS.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c029'>British Ferns; an Introduction to the Study -of the <span class='sc'>Ferns</span>, <span class='sc'>Lycopods</span>, and <span class='sc'>Equiseta</span> indigenous to the British -Isles. With Chapters on the Structure, Propagation, Cultivation, -Diseases, Uses, Preservation, and Distribution of -Ferns. By <span class='sc'>M. Plues</span>. Crown 8vo, 55 Wood Engravings, -6<i>s.</i>; with 16 Coloured Plates by <span class='sc'>W. Fitch</span>, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>The British Ferns; Coloured Figures and Descriptions, -with Analysis of the Fructification and Venation of -the Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland, systematically arranged. -By Sir <span class='sc'>W. J. Hooker</span>, F.R.S. Royal 8vo, 66 Coloured Plates, -2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1008'>1008</span>Garden Ferns; Coloured Figures and Descriptions, -with Analysis of the Fructification and Venation, of a -Selection of Exotic Ferns, adapted for Cultivation in the Garden, -Hothouse, and Conservatory. By Sir <span class='sc'>W. J. Hooker</span>, -F.R.S. Royal 8vo, 64 Coloured Plates, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Filices Exoticæ; Coloured Figures and Description -of Exotic Ferns. By Sir <span class='sc'>W. J. Hooker</span>, F.R.S. -Royal 4to, 100 Coloured Plates, 6<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Ferny Combes; a Ramble after Ferns in the -Glens and Valleys of Devonshire. By <span class='sc'>Charlotte Chanter</span>. -<i>Third Edition.</i> Fcap. 8vo, 8 Coloured Plates by <span class='sc'>Fitch</span>, and a -Map of the County, 5<i>s.</i></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>MOSSES.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c029'>Handbook of British Mosses, containing all -that are known to be natives of the British Isles. By the Rev. -<span class='sc'>M. J. Berkeley</span>, M.A., F.L.S. Demy 8vo, 24 Coloured -Plates, 21<i>s.</i></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>SEAWEEDS.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c029'>British Seaweeds; an Introduction to the -Study of the Marine <span class='sc'>Algæ</span> of Great Britain, Ireland, and the -Channel Islands. By <span class='sc'>S. O. Gray</span>. Crown 8vo, 6<i>s.</i>; with 16 -Coloured Plates, drawn expressly for the work by <span class='sc'>W. Fitch</span>, -10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Phycologia Britannica; or, History of British -Seaweeds, containing Coloured Figures, Generic and Specific -Characters, Synonyms and Descriptions of all the Species of -Algæ inhabiting the Shores of the British Islands. By Dr. <span class='sc'>W. -H. Harvey</span>, F.R.S. New Edition. Royal 8vo, 4 vols. 360 -Coloured Plates, 7<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1009'>1009</span>Phycologia Australica: a History of Australian -Seaweeds, comprising Coloured Figures and Descriptions -of the more characteristic Marine Algæ of New South Wales, -Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia, -and a Synopsis of all known Australian Algæ. By Dr. <span class='sc'>Harvey</span>, -F.R.S. Royal 8vo, 5 vols., 300 Coloured Plates, 7<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Nereis Australis; or, Algæ of the Southern -Ocean, being Figures and Descriptions of Marine Plants collected -on the Shores of the Cape of Good Hope, the extra-tropical -Australian Colonies, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the -Antarctic Regions. By Dr. <span class='sc'>Harvey</span>, F.R.S. Imperial 8vo, -50 Coloured Plates, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>FUNGI.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c029'>Outlines of British Fungology, containing -Characters of above a Thousand Species of Fungi, and a Complete -List of all that have been described as Natives of the -British Isles. By the Rev. <span class='sc'>M. J. Berkeley</span>, M.A., F.L.S. -Demy 8vo, 24 Coloured Plates, 30<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>The Esculent Funguses of England. Containing -an Account of their Classical History, Uses, Characters, -Development, Structure, Nutritious Properties, Modes of Cooking -and Preserving, &c. By <span class='sc'>C. D. Badham</span>, M.D. Second -Edition. Edited by <span class='sc'>F. Currey</span>, F.R.S. Demy 8vo, 12 Coloured -Plates, 12<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Illustrations of British Mycology, comprising -Figures and Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and novelty -indigenous to Britain. By Mrs. <span class='sc'>T. J. Hussey</span>. Royal 4to. -Second Series, 50 Coloured Plates, £4 10<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Clavis Agaricinorum: an Analytical Key to -the British Agaricini, with Characters of the Genera and Subgenera. -By <span class='sc'>Worthington G. Smith</span>, F.L.S. Six Plates, -2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_1010'>1010</span>SHELLS AND MOLLUSKS.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c029'>Elements of Conchology; an Introduction to -the Natural History of Shells, and of the Animals which form -them. By <span class='sc'>Lovell Reeve</span>, F.L.S. Royal 8vo, 2 vols. 62 -Coloured Plates, £2 16<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Conchologia Iconica; or, Figures and Descriptions -of the Shells of Mollusks, with remarks on their Affinities, -Synonymy, and Geographical Distribution. By <span class='sc'>Lovell Reeve</span>, -F.L.S. Demy 4to, in double Parts, with 16 Coloured Plates. -20<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Conchologia Indica; Illustrations of the Land -and Freshwater Shells of British India. 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Robinson</span>, -and Woodcuts of Dissections, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Butterflies and Moths; an Introduction -to the Study of our Native <span class='sc'>Lepidoptera</span>. By <span class='sc'>H. T. -Stainton</span>. Crown 8vo, 16 Coloured Steel Plates, containing -Figures of 100 Species, engraved from Natural Specimens expressly -for the work by <span class='sc'>E. W. Robinson</span>, and Wood-Engravings, -10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>British Spiders; an Introduction to the Study -of the <span class='sc'>Araneidæ</span> found in Great Britain and Ireland. By <span class='sc'>E. -F. Staveley</span>. Crown 8vo, 16 Plates, containing Coloured -Figures of nearly 100 Species, and 40 Diagrams, showing the -number and position of the eyes in various Genera, drawn expressly -for the work by <span class='sc'>Tuffen West</span>, and 44 Wood-Engravings, -10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Curtis’s British Entomology. Illustrations -and Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great -Britain and Ireland, containing Coloured Figures, from Nature, -of the most rare and beautiful Species, and, in many instances, -upon the plants on which they are found. 8 vols. Royal 8vo, -770 coloured Plates, £21.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>Or in separate Monographs.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<table class='table3' summary=''> - <tr> - <th class='c024'><i>Orders.</i></th> - <th class='c024'><i>Plates.</i></th> - <th class='c024'>£</th> - <th class='c024'><i>s.</i></th> - <th class='c031'><i>d.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Aphaniptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>2</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>2</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Coleoptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>256</td> - <td class='c015'>8</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Dermaptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>1</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>1</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Dictyoptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>1</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>1</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Diptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>103</td> - <td class='c015'>3</td> - <td class='c015'>5</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Hemiptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>32</td> - <td class='c015'>1</td> - <td class='c015'>1</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Homoptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>21</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>14</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Hymenoptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>125</td> - <td class='c015'>4</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Lepidoptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>193</td> - <td class='c015'>6</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Neuroptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>13</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>9</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Omaloptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>6</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>4</td> - <td class='c032'>6</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Orthoptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>5</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>4</td> - <td class='c032'>0</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Strepsiptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>3</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>2</td> - <td class='c032'>6</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Trichoptera</span></td> - <td class='c015'>9</td> - <td class='c015'>0</td> - <td class='c015'>6</td> - <td class='c032'>6</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class='c006'>“Curtis’s Entomology,” which Cuvier pronounced to have “reached -the ultimatum of perfection,” is still the standard work on the -Genera of British Insects. The Figures executed by the author -himself, with wonderful minuteness and accuracy, have never been -surpassed, even if equalled. The price at which the work was originally -published was £43 16<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'><span class='pageno' id='Page_1012'>1012</span>Insecta Britannica; Vol. III., Diptera. By -<span class='sc'>Francis Walker</span>, F.L.S. 8vo, with 10 Plates, 25<i>s.</i></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>ANTIQUARIAN.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c029'>Bewick’s Woodcuts. Impressions of Upwards -2000 Woodblocks, engraved, for the most part, by <span class='sc'>Thomas</span> and -<span class='sc'>John Bewick</span>; including Illustrations of various kinds for -Books, Pamphlets, and Broadsides; Cuts for Private Gentlemen, -Public Companies, Clubs, &c.; Exhibitions, Races, Newspapers, -Shop Cards, Invoice Heads, Bar Bills, &c. 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By Professor <span class='sc'>Owen</span>, Dr. <span class='sc'>J. E. -Gray</span>, Sir <span class='sc'>J. Richardson</span>, <span class='sc'>A. Adams</span>, <span class='sc'>L. Reeve</span>, and <span class='sc'>A. -White</span>. Edited by <span class='sc'>Arthur Adams</span>, F.L.S. Royal 4to, 55 -Plates, mostly coloured, £3 10<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro; with -an Account of the Native Tribes, and Observations on the Climate, -Geology, and Natural History of the Amazon Valley. -By <span class='sc'>Alfred K. Wallace</span>. Demy 8vo, with Map and Tinted -Frontispiece, 18<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>A Survey of the Early Geography of Western -Europe, as connected with the First Inhabitants of Britain, -their Origin, Language, Religious Rites, and Edifices. By -<span class='sc'>Henry Lawes Long</span>, Esq. 8vo, 6<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c029'>The Geologist. A Magazine of Geology, -Palæontology, and Mineralogy. 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REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA ST., COVENT GARDEN.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c003' /> -</div> -<div class='tnotes x-ebookmaker'> - -<div class='section ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c033'> - <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - - <ol class='ol_1 c002'> - <li>Corrected all reported <a href='#ERRATA'>Errata</a> items. - - </li> - <li>Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - - </li> - <li>Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. - </li> - </ol> - -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH MOSSES ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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