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diff --git a/old/65710-0.txt b/old/65710-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 7cecae2..0000000 --- a/old/65710-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8851 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Synopsis of the British Mosses, by Chas. -P. Hobkirk - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: A Synopsis of the British Mosses - Containing Descriptions of All the Genera and Species, (With - Localities of the Rarer Ones) Found in Great Britain and Ireland, - Based Upon Wilsons Bryologia Britannica, Schimpers Synopsis, - Etc. - -Author: Chas. P. Hobkirk - -Release Date: June 27, 2021 [eBook #65710] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH -MOSSES *** - - - - - A SYNOPSIS - OF - THE BRITISH MOSSES, - CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE - GENERA AND SPECIES, - (WITH LOCALITIES OF THE RARER ONES) - FOUND IN - GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, - BASED UPON - WILSON’S “BRYOLOGIA BRITANNICA,” - SCHIMPER’S “SYNOPSIS,” ETC. - - - BY CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, - - _President of the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society_. - - - LONDON: - - L. REEVE & CO., - - 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. - - MDCCCLXXIII. - - - - - PREFACE. - - -It is not my desire that this little volume should be looked upon as -anything more than what is expressed in the title, simply “A SYNOPSIS OF -THE BRITISH MOSSES,” and as a kind of _vade-mecum_ to the working -Bryologist, as well as a guide to beginners. It is not altogether an -original work, nor yet is it a mere compilation, for nearly every -species has been carefully examined under the microscope before being -described, and then the diagnoses compared with other works, principally -that great text-book of British Bryologists, “Wilson’s Bryologia -Britannica.” Besides this work, I have also largely consulted, and drawn -from, Bruch and Schimper’s “Bryologia Europæa,” Schimper’s “Synopsis,” -Dr. Mueller’s “Synopsis,” the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, the -_Bulletins_ of the Royal Botanical Societies of France and of Belgium; -and last, but not least, the valuable papers recently contributed by Dr. -Braithwaite to “Journal of Botany,” “Grevillea,” and the “Monthly -Microscopical Journal,” and also some papers by Mr. Mitten in the -first-named publication. - -In the general arrangement of the genera and species, I have mainly -followed the “Bryologia Britannica,” as I did not consider myself -justified in departing widely from it, although many of our principal -Muscologists look upon it as very faulty; but I did not hold my -authority sufficient to alter what has become a classical arrangement -amongst us: and more particularly as both Dr. Braithwaite and the Rev. -J. Fergusson are engaged upon more critical examinations, prior to the -publication of new and more natural arrangements. The Analysis of the -Genera is principally founded upon the same part from Wilson, and is -intended not as an arrangement, but merely a key. - -In the “Appendix” will be found a few omitted species, and alterations -of nomenclature, as well as a few _errata_, which should be noted in the -margin at their proper places. - -I much regret that, by an oversight, I have omitted to insert var. δ -_squarrosulum_ under _Sphagnum cymbifolium_, gathered by my friend Mr. -Bagnall, in Sutton Park, Birmingham; and the same locality should be -added after _Hypnum aduncum_, _H. Sendtneri_, and _H. intermedium_. - -I must here express my gratitude and thanks to those gentlemen who have -so kindly assisted me in its preparation, both with the loan or gift of -specimens of the rarer and newer species, and also for the diagnoses -received from several, where specimens were not attainable. Amongst -these gentlemen I must specially thank Dr. Hooker for his kind -permission to use the Herbarium specimens and Library at Kew, and Mr. J. -G. Baker, F.L.S., for his valuable assistance in doing so; also Dr. -Braithwaite, F.L.S., Mr. J. Bagnall, of Birmingham; Dr. F. Buchanan -White, of Dunkeld; Dr. Fraser, of Wolverhampton; Rev. J. Fergusson, of -New Pitsligo; Mr. Carruthers, F.L.S., of British Museum; Mr. G. E. Hunt, -of Manchester; Mr. John Sim, of Strachan; Mr. W. Galt, of Edinburgh; M. -P. Goulard, of Caen, Calvados; and lastly, all those gentlemen and -ladies who so readily came forward as subscribers to the number of -upwards of 200, to assist in the publication of the volume. - - CHAS. P. HOBKIRK. - - HUDDERSFIELD, - _February, 1873_. - - - - - LIST OF CONTRACTIONS USED IN THIS VOLUME. - - - br. _branches._ - br. l. _branch leaves._ - cal. calyp. _calyptra._ - caps. _capsule._ - fem. _female._ - fl. _flower._ - fr. _fruit or fructification._ - infl. _inflorescence._ - innov. _innovations._ - l. _leaves._ - m.m. _millimetres._ - ped. _pedicel_ or _seta_. - per. perist. _peristome._ - per. l. and p. l. _perychætial leaves._ - per. teeth. _teeth of peristome._ - perig. l. _perigonial leaves._ - st. _stem._ - st. l. _stem leaves._ - - - - - NOTICE TO COLLECTORS. - - -It is my intention, as soon as sufficient material can be accumulated, -to publish “A Geographical Distribution of the British Mosses,” and, in -furtherance of this object, I should esteem it a great favor if all -collectors throughout the kingdom would kindly be at the trouble of -forwarding to me, as early as convenient, complete lists of the Mosses -found by themselves or their friends, in their several districts, with -any notes they may think desirable respecting them, and, where possible, -the range and habitat of the various species. I feel sure I have only to -mention this to ensure an abundant return of information for a work -which is really wanted, and shall, so far as any exertions on my part -can ensure it, be really valuable. - - C. P. H. - - - - - ANALYSIS OF GENERA. - - - SECT. I. ACROCARPI. - - Fr. terminal (or in a few instances cladocarpous). - - - DIVISION A. Capsule without a deciduous lid. - - _a._ caps. bursting irregularly. - - ARCHIDIUM (3). Perennial; caps. _globular_, _sessile_; - calyptra thin and membranous, irregularly torn in the middle; - _spores large_; infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform, - two-leaved or naked in axils of perichætial leaves. PAGE 26. - - PHASCUM (4). _Annual._ Caps. ovate or roundish, very shortly - _pedicillate_; calyptra campanulate; spores _small_, roughish; - infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform either at base of plant, - or axillary, rarely terminal and discoid. 26. - - _b._ caps. bursting regularly. - - ANDREÆA (1). Caps. oval erect, opening by four _longitudinal - slits_, sessile on a stalked vaginula; calyptra mitriform, - thin; spores small, at first clustered together in fours: - perennial. 21. - - - DIVISION B. Capsule with a deciduous lid. - - I. PERISTOME NONE. - - _a._ caps. sessile on a stalked vaginula. - - SPHAGNUM (2). Perennial, aquatic; caps. globular, sessile on - the turbinate fleshy stalked vaginula; lid flattish, calyptra - surrounding the ripe caps., ruptured near the middle; spores - as in _Andreæa_. Infl. monoicous or dioicous. 23. - - _b._ caps. pedicillate; vaginula sessile. - - α. caps. cylindrical; lid with a straight beak; calyptra mitriform. - - ENCALYPTA (29) (In part). Caps. erect, regular, oblong or - ovate-lanceolate, smooth or striate, lid conical with a - longish almost filiform beak; calyptra very large, covering - the capsule, fringed at base (peris. when present of 16 teeth, - inner of 16 alternating erect cilia). Infl. monoicous or - dioicous; barren fl. gemmiform, axillary or terminal. 74. - - β. caps. oval, lid with an oblique beak; calyptra dimidiate. - - GYMNOSTOMUM (5). Perennial; leaves of close firm texture, with - small dense areolæ; barren fl. gemmiform, in monoicous species - placed near the base of perichætium. 31. - - POTTIA (21). Annual or biennial; l. rather succulent, with lax - quadrate or rectangular areolæ, the lower ones enlarged. Infl. - monoicous; barren fl. near the fertile, naked, or gemmiform - with three leaves. 55. - - γ. caps. roundish-pyriform; lid obliquely rostrate. - - STYLOSTEGIUM. (12). Perennial; caps. on a very short pedicel; - calyptra small, cucullate, scarcely covering the lid; l. - channelled, secund. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform. 38. - - ANODUS (11). Annual or biennial; caps. pedicillate; columella - free; l. setaceous, erect. 38. - - δ. caps. obovate or clavate; lid plane or conical; l. loosely - reticulated. - - * Calyptra mitriform. - - SCHISTOSTEGA (70). Caps. small oval, lid convex; calyptra - small, _at length dimidiate_; infl. dioicous terminal, barren - fl. gemmiform; l. nerveless, vertically distichous, very - tender, areolæ large rhomboid. 135. - - PHYSCOMITRIUM (59). Annual or biennial. Primary stem - terminated by a discoid barren fl. from below which rises a - branch bearing a terminal fertile fl.; caps. clavate, lid - convex; calyptra large inflated; l. spreading every way, - nerved; areolæ large oblong, acute. 127. - - * * Calyptra dimidiate. - - ŒDIPODIUM (69). Caps. with a long tapering apophysis, - gradually passing into the fruit-stalk; lid plano-convex; - infl. monoicous or synoicous; l. succulent broad, obtuse; - areolæ roundish hexagonal, larger at base. 135. - - ε. caps. globose; lid almost plane. - - * Calyptra conico-mitriform, small; l. nerveless. - - HEDWIGIA (30). Caps. immersed, sub-sessile; infl. monoicous, - barren fl. axillary gemmiform; areolæ small quadrate, longer - and flexuose below. 76. - - HEDWIGIDIUM (31). Caps. exserted on a short pedicel; barren - fl. terminal; stem stoloniferous; l. plicate longitudinally, - areolæ longer. 77. - - * * Calyptra dimidiate; l. nerved. - - BARTRAMIDULA (60). Caps. on a curved pedicel, smooth, - cernuous; infl. synoicous; lid small sub-conical; calyptra - small cucullate; areolæ lax, oblong-hexagonal. 128. - - - II. PERISTOME SINGLE. - - SUB-DIV. I. Calyptra mitriform. - - † Calyptra plicato-striate. - - _a._ teeth four. - - TETRAPHIS (38). Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose; per. teeth - long rigid, with irregular longitudinal lines; areolæ - hexagonal. 98. - - TETRODONTIUM (39). Annual, stem none, gregarious; l. few, very - minute. 99. - - _b._ Teeth 16, equidistant. - - PTYCHOMITRIUM (35). Caps. erect, regular, tapering at base, - annulus large, lid conico-rostrate; teeth bifid, not - hygroscopic; calyptra deeply furrowed, mitriform, subulate - above, shorter than capsule; infl. monoicous; barren. fl. - gemmiform, generally axillary. 89. - - _c._ Teeth 16, in pairs. - - GLYPHOMITRIUM (34). Calyptra large ventricose laciniate below, - entirely covering the capsule, contracted at the base; Infl. - as in last; per. teeth hygroscopic reflexed when dry. 88. - - ORTHOTRICHUM (36). (partly) Perennial in round tufts; caps. - erect, immersed or exserted, pear-shaped or elliptical, with - 8, rarely 16, coloured striæ; peristome either single or - double, sometimes absent; outer of 32 teeth, connected so as - to seem 8 or 16, broad and flat, inner of 8 or 16 equal cilia, - or 16 alternately shorter ones; lid short, conico-rostellate; - calyptra large campanulate, with about eight furrows, base - somewhat torn, and mostly covered with short hair-like - processes, but not contracted. 89. - - † † Calyptra smooth, not plicate. - - _a._ Teeth 16, equidistant. - - * Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose. - - ENCALYPTA (partly) [29.] _vide ante. p. 2._ - - SCHISTIDIUM. Caps. immersed, obovate or roundish, mouth wide; - calyptra small, conico-mitriform, columella adhering to the - deciduous lid; teeth large, barred, without medial lines, - often perforate. Infl. monoicous or dioicous (included in - _Grimmia_). - - GRIMMIA (32). Caps. pedicillate, seta often flexuose, ovate or - oblong, rarely ventricose, sometimes striated, teeth large - lanceolate, barred, perforate, bi-trifid; calyptra five-lobed - at base, sometimes dimidiate; columella free. Infl. monoicous - or dioicous.; areolæ small dense, larger at base. 77. - - RACOMITRIUM (33). Caps. oblong, erect, smooth, on a straight - pedicel, teeth bi-trifid, sometimes very long, sometimes - short, filiform unequal; calyptra large, with a subulate solid - papillose beak, lid conico-subulate, straight; leaves with - sinuous areolæ. Infl. dioicous. 86. - - * * Annual or biennial, gregarious; leaves setaceous. - - CAMPYLOSTELIUM (8). Caps. drooping, on a bent seta oblong, - smooth; teeth long lanceolate, barred, entire at base, cleft - at summit, and connected by a membrane at base; calyptra - small, conico-subulate, five-cleft at base. Infl. monoicous; - barren fl. gemmiform; areolæ minute, much enlarged and - diaphanous at base. 36. - - BRACHYODUS (9). Caps. oblong sub-striate, teeth very short - truncate, partly confluent, equidistant; lid convex with a - slender beak; calyptra conical, three to five-lobed at base, - sub-dimidiate. Infl. monoicous gemmiform. St. very short, - annual or biennial. 36. - - _b._ Teeth 16, in pairs, plane, reflexed when dry. - - SPLACHNUM (65). Caps. sub-cylindrical or ovate, on a very - large spongy coloured apophysis; teeth lanceolate oblong - obtuse, plane, yellowish; calyptra small, entire or lacerated - at base. Infl. generally dioicous; barren, fl. capituliform, - naked or with small scattered leaves. 133. - - _c._ Peristome a conical plicate membrane. - - DIPHYSCIUM (41). Caps. very large sessile, oblique ovate, - gibbous; calyptra small, entire at base, scarcely covering the - conical lid. 99. - - - SUB-DIV. II. Calyptra dimidiate. - - _a._ Calyptra inflexed at base, at first conico-mitriform, caps. - clavato-pyriform; teeth 16 or 32 plane, more or less paired, with a - medial line. - - DISSODON (68). Caps. oval, with a long solid tapering neck, - lid conico-convex, obtuse, teeth 32, united into eight - bi-geminate teeth, or into 16 pairs, linear-lanceolate, - incurved when dry; leaves obtuse entire. Infl. monoicous or - synoicous, barren fl. gemmiform. 134. - - TAYLORIA (67). Caps. with a long clavate or sub-pyriform neck; - teeth 16, or 32 cohering in pairs, reflexed when dry; leaves - acuminate serrated. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. capituliform. 134. - - _b._ Calyptra not indexed at base. - - * Teeth in eight pairs, reflexed when dry. - - TETRAPLODON (66). Caps. with a solid clavate or oval apophysis - wider than itself; leaves loosely reticulated, acuminate. - Infl. monoicous, barren fl. gemmiform or capituliform, - 3–5–leaved. 134. - - ZYGODON (37) (partly). Caps. erect, pyriform, striated, - apophysate. Perist. double, single, or absent; outer teeth 32 - united two or four together, representing 16 or 8 plane teeth, - inner of 8 or 16 cilia, alternating; calyptra small cucullate - smooth oblique, lid obliquely rostrate; leaves minutely - dotted. 97. - - * * Teeth 16 equidistant, simple, or nearly so. - - ‡ Caps. pyriform or oval, erect or inclined. - - ENTOSTHODON (58). Caps. erect, pyriform, symmetrical; lid - plano-convex, teeth short and broad triangular; calyptra - inflated below, cucullate; leaves loosely reticulated. 127. - - MIELICHHOFERIA (53). Caps. pyriform, inclined or horizontal, - on a slender curved seta; calyptra small, not inflated; teeth - longer, linear-subulate, confluent and dilated at base. 124. - - BLINDIA (13). Caps. roundish, turbinate-erect; teeth 16 - lanceolate, remotely barred, entire or perforate, sometimes - cleft; calyptra angular at base, afterwards cleft on one side; - seta short; perennial cæspitose. 39. - - SELIGERIA (10). Caps. roundish-pyriform, smooth, teeth - lanceolate obtuse, sometimes perforate, without medial line; - calyptra small cucullate; leaves setaceous; stems annual or - biennial gregarious, not cæspitose. Infl. monoicous, terminal - gemmiform. 37. - - BRACHYODUS (9). _See page 6._ - - RHABDOWEISSIA (7). Caps. shortly oval, eight-striate, wide - mouthed, teeth lanceolate or subulate, barred, without medial - line; beak slender, inclined; calyptra cucullate; leaves - channelled lax; stems perennial, cæspitose. 36. - - WEISSIA (6). Caps. oblong-ovate, smooth, teeth lanceolate or - linear-lanceolate, free at base, without medial line, convex, - sometimes perforate and bifid; leaves of close texture; stems - as above. 33. - - ANACALYPTA (22). Caps. oval on a long straight pedicel; teeth - united at base by a membrane, plane, lanceolate, entire or - perforate, no medial line; leaves succulent with lax areolæ; - stem annual or biennial. 57. - - ‡ ‡ Caps. globose, nearly horizontal. - - DISCELIUM (64). Almost stemless; caps. decurrent into the - suddenly bent neck; teeth lanceolate, cleft half way from base - upwards; leaves few minute, gemmiform. 133. - - CATASCOPIUM (63). Caps. smooth, shining, neck bent, and - tapering into the seta, mouth somewhat oblique; teeth short - truncate, irregular, barred, with a medial line; leaves - numerous, nerved, of firm texture. 132. - - CONOSTOMUM (62). Caps. cernuous, obscurely furrowed when dry; - teeth linear-lanceolate, barred, converging and united - together into a cone; perennial. 132. - - * * * Teeth 16, deeply bifid, equidistant. - - ‡ Caps. erect, symmetrical. - - DESMATODON (23). Caps. oval or oblong, sometimes almost - pendulous; teeth subulate, united at base by a membrane, - bi-trifid; lid rostellate; leaves soft broad, papillose at - back. 58. - - ‡ ‡ Caps. sub-erect, rather unequal. - - CYNODONTIUM (15). Caps. ovate-oblong, or obliquely - sub-pyriform, smooth, teeth lanceolate, connivent, dilated at - base, entire or cleft to base, sometimes barred, deep red; lid - rostrate. 39. - - ARCTOA (14). Caps. oval or almost turbinate, striate, - contracted below the wide mouth when dry; teeth lanceolate - subulate, cleft, or perforate and entire, bars not prominent; - lid large, obliquely rostrate. 39. - - ‡ ‡ ‡ Caps. cernuous or inclined, unequal. - - DICRANUM (16). Caps. mostly cernuous, smooth or striated, - regular, gibbous or curved, with a tapering apophysis, or - sometimes strumose, teeth equidistant, confluent at base, - incurved, lanceolate, cleft half way into unequal portions, - barred, occasionally perforate, with a medial line; lid - rostrate oblique; leaves of close texture, nerved and more or - less secund; areolation linear at the base. 40. - - [DICRANELLA. Plant smaller than in _Dicranum_, and less - robust, areolation rectangular at the base, in other respects - similar.] - - LEUCOBRYUM (17). Caps., lid and peristome as in _Dicranum_. - Leaves spongy, composed of a double layer of loose cellular - tissue, white or pale glaucous green, sub-secund, nerve - indistinct. 49. - - FISSIDENS (71). Caps. cernuous or erect, more or less - truncate, teeth long and tapering from a lanceolate base, - cleft half way into unequal segments, geniculate, barred; - fruit in some species _cladocarpous_, leaves vertically - distichous. 135. - - CERATODON (18). Caps. sub-cylindrical unequal, with a short - ventricose or strumose neck; teeth deeply cleft, or of two - equal subulate portions connected below by prominent - trabeculæ, of two differently coloured laminæ, the outer red, - the inner and broader yellow. 49. - - ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Capsule on an arcuate seta. - - CAMPYLOPUS (20). Caps. oval or oblong, regular or gibbous on - upper side, tapering at base, striated, lid conico-subulate or - rostrate, teeth deeply bifid; calyptra large, fringed at base; - leaves with a broad nerve. 50. - - DICRANODONTIUM (19). Caps. elliptical smooth, teeth - linear-lanceolate, cleft nearly to base into unequal portions, - obliquely striate; calyptra not fringed at base. 49. - - * * * * Teeth 32, in pairs, narrow or filiform. - - DIDYMODON (25). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical, teeth 32 (16 - Wilson) linear-lanceolate, _not obviously united by a basilar - membrane_, tender and fugacious, entire or perforate. 58. - - TRICHOSTOMUM (26). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical or oval, - smooth, teeth 32 in unequal pairs (often so united as to - appear 16 simple or perforate teeth), connected by a narrow - basilar membrane, persistent. 60. - - DISTICHIUM (24). Caps. as in last; teeth 32 (16 Wilson) not - confluent at base, linear-lanceolate, entire, perforate or - cleft, with a medial line; leaves _distichous_, setaceous from - a sheathing base. 58. - - TORTULA (27). Caps. mostly erect ovate-oblong, smooth, teeth - 32 very long filiform _twisted_, articulate papillose, outer - cellules yellow, inner red, often united into a membrane at - base; leaves not distichous. 63. - - CINCLIDOTUS (28). Caps. immersed ovate or oval, smooth, teeth - 32 perfect or rudimentary, adhering at top to columella, - contorted, anastomosing at base. 74. - - * * * * * Teeth 32 or 64 equidistant, short, obtuse, connected at apex - by a tympanum, formed of dilated apex of columella; nerve of leaf - covered with vertical lamellæ. - - † Caps. not angular. - - ATRICHUM (42). Caps. cylindrical, erect or cernuous, calyptra - narrow, almost naked, spinulose at apex only; teeth 32 - ligulate rigid, united at base by a narrow membrane, leaves - not sheathing, lamellæ few, nerve narrow. Columella round. 100. - - OLIGOTRICHUM (43). Caps. sub-cylindrical, erect, gibbous, - peristome as above; calyptra slightly setose at apex; leaves - sheathing at base, more lamellated, nerve wider; columella - winged. 101. - - POGONATUM (44) Caps. ovate or urceolate, regular, erect or - inclined, calyptra very hairy, peristome as above; leaves - rigid, densely lamellated, nerve thick and broad. 101. - - † † Caps. angular; teeth 64, rarely 32. - - POLYTRICHUM (46). Caps. with a discoid apophysis, erect, when - ripe horizontal; teeth 64 (in some species 32). Calyptra very - hairy; leaves as in last. 102. - - - III. PERISTOME DOUBLE. - - _a._ Caps. plano-convex. - - BUXBAUMIA (40). Caps. very large, apophysate, oblique; outer - teeth irregular reddish, opaque, inner a pale conical plicate - membrane, calyptra small, only covering the conical obtuse - lid, fugacious, entire or laterally cleft. 99. - - _b._ Caps. cylindrical. - - ENCALYPTA (partly) (29). _vide ante p. 2._ - - _c._ Caps. oblong. - - ORTHOTRICHUM (chiefly) (36). _vide ante p. 5._ - - _d._ Caps. obovate, unequal, mouth oblique. - - FUNARIA (57). Caps. obliquely pyriform ventricose, sub-erect - or cernuous; outer perist. 16, obliquely lanceolate, teeth - trabeculate, longitudinally striate, and connected at apex by - a small circular disc, very hygrometric, inner a membrane - divided into 16 lanceolate processes opposite to outer; - calyptra inflated below. 126. - - AMBLYODON (56). Caps. clavate or sub-pyriform, incurved - sub-erect; perist. outer, 16 short, erect, obtuse teeth; inner - (longer) a membrane divided into 16 carinate processes, - without cilia. Calyptra indexed at base; leaves loosely - reticulated. 125. - - MEESIA (55). Caps, obovate or clavate, curved, gibbous, - sub-erect, neck long, tapering into seta; perist. outer 16 - short, obtuse teeth, somewhat united to inner, entire or split - along medial line; inner same as last; leaves of close firm - texture, strongly nerved. 125. - - _e._ Capsule striated. - - ZYGODON (37). _vide ante p. 7._ - - AULACOMNION (47). Caps. oval or oblong apophysate, cernuous on - a flexuose seta; perist. outer 16 teeth, lanceolate-subulate, - barred; inner a thin membrane divided half way into 16 - carinate lacunose processes, with cilia two or three together. - Branches bearing terminal globular masses (_pseudopodia_) of - rudimentary leaves or gemmæ. 105. - - BARTRAMIA (61). Caps. globose, rather large, erect or - cernuous, rarely pendulous, not apophysate; perist. double, - single, or wanting; outer 16 equidistant lanceolate teeth; - inner a membrane divided into 16 carinate lanceolate - processes, splitting along the middle, alternating, sometimes - with cilia; calyptra small dimidiate; leaves papillose or - muriculate. 128. - - _f._ Caps. smooth, mostly pyriform. - - PALUDELLA (54). Caps. oval-oblong, slightly curved, cernuous - or sub-erect, lid mammillate; peristome as in _Bryum_, inner - without cilia; leaves squarrose. 125. - - TIMMIA (46). Caps. obovate, cernuous; perist. outer 16 teeth, - inner, a membrane divided half way into 64 filiform processes; - variously united at the summits; leaves sheathing, rigid, - lanceolate; barren fl. axillary, gemmiform. Infl. monoicous. 104. - - ORTHODONTIUM (48). Caps. clavoto-pyriform, inclined; perist. - outer 16 teeth indexed when dry; inner deeply divided into 16 - narrow carinate processes; leaves very tender, narrow, not - sheathing; barren fl. axillary, gemmiform, aggregate. Infl. - monoicous. 106. - - LEPTOBRYUM (49). Caps. and perist. as in _Bryum_; stems of - annual growth without innovations; leaves almost setaceous. - Infl. synoicous. 106. - - BRYUM (50). Caps. pyriform cernuous or inclined; perist. outer - 16 teeth, inner a membrane divided half way into 16 carinate - segments with or without cilia; stems perennial, with - innovations below the terminal flower; barren fl. gemmiform or - naked. 106. - - MNIUM (51). Caps. oblong pendulous; perist. as in _Bryum_; - stems with innovations from the lower part; leaves large; - barren fl. discoid; infl. dioicous or synoicous. 121. - - CINCLIDIUM (52). Caps., leaves and stem as in _Mnium_, outer - teeth 16 short, inner cupuliform. 124. - - - SECT. I. _b._ CLADOCARPI. - - Fruit terminal on very short lateral branches. - - DIV. I. _Peristome none._ - - SPHAGNUM (2). _vide ante p. 1._ - - DIV. II. _Peristome single._ - - MIELICHHOFERIA (53). _vide ante p. 8._ - - FISSIDENS (71) partly. _vide ante p. 10._ - - CINCLIDOTUS (28) occasionally. _vide ante p. 12._ - - - SECT. II. PLEUROCARPI. - - Fructification truly lateral. - - DIV. I. _Calyptra dimidiate._ - - SUB-DIV. I. _Peristome none._ - - ANŒCTANGIUM (72). Caps. oval or obovate, erect, with a short - slightly inflated neck; lid conico-convex with a long slender - oblique beak; stems erect, cæspitose. 139. - - SUB-DIV. II. _Perist. single, of 16 teeth._ - - HABRODON (77). Caps. oval-oblong erect, calyptra large, lid - conical; st. sub-erect, l. spreading, nerveless, soft and - opaque; per. teeth simple, linear, inserted below mouth of - caps., remotely articulate: dioicous. 141. - - SUB-DIV. III. _Peristome almost single._ - - _a._ _inner peristome very short and indistinct._ - - LEUCODON (73). Caps. oval erect, on a short pedicel; calyptra - large; outer teeth 16 bifid or perforate, not hygroscopic; - surculi erect simple; leaves plicato-striate, nerveless. 139. - - PTEROGONIUM (78). Caps. oblong erect, on a long seta; calyptra - small; outer teeth 16 simple, hygroscopic; surculi dendroid, - with fasciculate curved branches; leaves not striate. 141. - - LEPTODON (75). Caps. oval on a very short seta; calyptra and - vaginula hairy; teeth 16 linear-lanceolate, entire or fissile, - not hygroscopic; surculi pinnate; branches curled when dry; - leaves very obtuse. 140. - - SUB-DIV. IV. _Peristome double._ - - _a._ _Inner perist. of 16 cilia._ - - ANTITRICHIA (74). Caps, oval, regular, on a short curved seta; - calyptra rather large smooth; inner peristome of 16 filiform - processes; outer 16 tapering teeth with a medial line; surculi - procumbent, pinnate. 140. - - ANOMODON (76). Caps. oval-oblong erect, on a long seta; lid - obliquely rostrate; calyptra small; perist. as in last: stems - erect with erect branches, cæspitose; leaves of close texture - acuminate, nerved. 140. - - CYLINDROTHECIUM (81). Caps. cylindrical, regular, erect; outer - teeth 16 inserted below mouth of capsule; inner of 16 narrow - carinate processes; lid shortly rostellate; stem procumbent - pinnate; leaves ovate concave, faintly two-nerved at base. 142. - - NECKERA (85). Caps. oval-oblong, immersed or pedicillate; lid - obliquely rostrate, outer teeth 16 linear-subulate, long, - connivent into a cone; inner as above; stems pinnate; leaves - complanate. St. sub-erect from a creeping rhizome. 182. - - _b._ _Inner peristome a membrane divided half way into 16 carinate - segments with or without cilia._ - - * Caps. symmetrical, erect or sub-erect. - - OMALIA (84). Leaves complanate smooth, falciform, obtuse, - serrulate at apex, not undulate (allied to _Neckera_). - - LESKEA (82). Perist. outer of 16 narrow barred teeth, inner - without (rarely with) intermediate cilia, leaves mostly ovate, - nerved or nerveless, entire, spreading every way. 143. - - CLIMACIUM (80). Caps. oblong, erect; lid adhering to the - persistent columella; outer teeth linear-lanceolate, confluent - at base, trabeculate, with a medial line; inner alternate and - longer than outer, lacunose without cilia, the two segments of - each process united only at apex; stem dendroid, erect. 142. - - ISOTHECIUM (79). Caps. oval, sub-erect, symmetrical; lid not - adhering to columella; outer teeth 16 barred, with a medial - line; inner with intermediate cilia, two or three together; - stem dendroid drooping; branches fasciculate or pinnate. 142. - - * * Caps. unequal, cernuous. - - HYPNUM (83). Caps. cernuous, sometimes nearly erect, rarely - pendulous, ovate or oblong, more or less curved, and sometimes - slightly apophysate; outer teeth 16 equidistant lanceolate - acuminate, barred, inner alternating, often perforate, with - intermediate cilia, one, two or three together. 145. - - _c._ Inner perist. a reticulated cone. - - DICHELYMA (90). Peristome like _Fontinalis_; caps. scarcely - exserted; calyptra long twisted; leaves nerved. 185. - - - DIV. II. _Calyptra mitriform._ - - HOOKERIA (86). Caps. ovate or elliptical, cernuous, lid with a - straight beak; perist. as in _Leskia_; calyptra not fringed at - base; leaves complanate, loosely reticulated. 184. - - DALTONIA (87). Caps. erect oval-oblong, obscurely apophysate; - calyptra fringed at base; leaves spreading every way; inner - perist. divided nearly to base. 184. - - CRYPHÆA (88). Caps. oval-oblong or roundish, sub-sessile, - immersed; calyptra conical small, not fringed; peristome as in - _Neckera_. 184. - - FONTINALIS (89). Caps. ovate or oval, immersed, sub-sessile; - calyptra conical, crenate or slightly lacerate at base, small; - outer teeth 16 linear-lanceolate, very long, cohering at apex - in pairs, barred, twisted; inner a plicate cone, with 16 - angles, consisting of filiform cilia, united by crossbars. 185. - - - - - DIVISION I. ACROCARPI. (Genera 1–72.) - - - 1. ANDREÆA. Ehr. - - - _a._ _L. nerveless._ - -1. A. PETROPHILA. Ehr. (_A. rupestris_ Hedw.) St. ¼ inch loosely tufted, -with fastigiate branches; l. erect imbricate, with a sheathing base, -generally secund, ovate or ovate-subulate, tapering above, and rather -obtuse; papillose, areolæ dotted; per. l. larger; all reddish brown. - -Sub-alpine rocks, frequent. V. VI. - - -2. A. ALPESTRIS. Schimp. St. taller, densely tufted, with slender -branches; l. crowded, very small, patent on all sides when moist, ovate, -or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, areolæ quadrate at margin; per. l. shorter -and more obtuse. - -Damp alpine rocks. Glen Callater; Perthshire. - - -3. A. OBOVATA. Thed. “Densely tufted, blackish brown, tall and robust; -l. somewhat like those of _alpina_, from an imbricate base -ovate-panduriform, gradually lanceolate, nearly smooth, glossy, quite -entire at margin, areolæ much laxer.” Dr. Braithwaite, Jour, of Bot., -VIII. p. 95. - -Glen Callater. - - -4. A. ALPINA. Turner. St. tall 1–3in. densely tufted, with long -fastigiate branches; l. imbricate, spreading, reddish or purplish brown, -obovate, almost panduriform concave; per. l. larger elliptic sheathing, -acute, areolæ dot-like. - -Alpine rocks. V. VI. - - - _b._ _L. nerved._ - -5. A. RUPESTRIS. Turn. (_A. Rothii_ W. & M.) St. scarcely ½ inch, -loosely tufted; l. imbricate, falcato-secund, longly subulate from an -ovate base, thickly nerved to apex, rigid almost black; per. l. larger -convolute. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. V. VI. - - -6. A. GRIMSULANA. Bruch. Much more robust than the last, rufous black; -l. lanceolate acute broader, more solid, falcato-secund; per. l. broadly -ovate not acuminate. - -Brandsley Falls, Yorkshire, J. G. Baker 1858. Herb. Kew.—Ingleborough. - - -7. A. CRASSINERVIA. Bruch. Tufts depressed deep black, st. prostrate -ascending, fragile; l. shining falcato-secund, subulate from an oblong -base; nerve thick excurrent into the round papillose _subula_, margin -entire, cells quadrate; per. l. erecto-patent convolute nerveless. - -Alpine rocks; Hebden Bridge 1865; Scotland; Snowdon 1853. - - -8. A. FALCATA. Schimp. Smaller than last, very fragile black; l. -falcato-secund, opaque, from a dilated obovate base abruptly -lanceolate-subulate, nerve flattened, ending at or below the apex, which -is erose at margin. - -Snowdon 1865 and Cader Idris (Schimper); Perthshire (McKinlay). - - -9. A. NIVALIS. Hooker. St. longer tufted slender, l. reddish brown, -falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, acute, gradually tapering and -nerved to apex. - -Alpine rocks at limit of perpetual snow; Ben Nevis, &c. Summer. - - - 2. SPHAGNUM. Dill. - - [Dr. Braithwaite is at present publishing in the “Monthly - Microscopical Journal” a Monograph of this genus, but as he has - only got some three or four species described, I regret that I - cannot avail myself of his valuable researches, and can only - publish such species as are known to me. His division of species - is as follows:— - - A. 1 _S. cymbifolium_ Ehr. - B. 2 _S. tenellum_ Ehr. - 3 _S. rubellum_ Wils. - 4 _S. neglectum_ Angst. - 5 _S. subsecundum_ N. von E. - C. 6 _S. molle_ Sulot. - 7 _S. rigidum._ N. H. & S. - D. 8 _S. squarrosum_ Pers. - 9 _S. teres_ Angst. - 10 _S. acutifolium_ Ehr. - 11 _S. strictum_ Lindb. - 12 _S. fimbriatum_ Wils. - 13 _S. Lindbergii_ Schp. - 14 _S. intermedium_ Hoff. - 15 _S. cuspidatum_ Ehr.] - - - SECT. I. _Leaves obtuse roundish or elliptical._ - - - _a._ Utricles of branches lined with spiral fibres. - -10. S. CYMBIFOLIUM. Ehr. St. 3–12 inches robust tufted solid, covered -with a cortical web. Stem l. lingulate-spathulate with a rounded apex; -br. l. imbricate broadly ovate concave cucullate and muriculate at apex; -caps. large globose on a short seta: dioicous. - -Bogs, common. VI. VII. - - - _b._ Branch cells without spiral fibres. - -11. S. COMPACTUM. Brid. St. erect, 2–4in. dichotomous, densely -cæspitose; branches crowded short, almost erect, br. l. ovate-subulate, -obtuse, concave, slightly cucullate and smooth at apex, præmorse with -3–4 teeth; st. l. small elliptical: dioicous. - -Wet moors. VII. VIII. - - -12. S. TENELLUM. Ehr. (_S. molluscum._ Bruch.) Stems rarely 2in. -slender, soft, fragile, branches similar; l. erecto-patent reflexed, -ovate-oblong, with a broadish border, very concave on the branches, pale -yellowish white; utricles of the branches between the leaves recurved at -points; caps. small orange-red, on a long pedicel: dioicous. - -Wet hollows on peat bogs. V. VI. - - -13. S. RUBELLUM. Wils. St. 2–5in. slender loosely tufted with slender -deflexed sometimes curved branches; st. l. large ovate-oblong concave -obtuse sub-secund with a minutely toothed apex; br. l. ovate or -oblong-ovate, margins indexed, capsule almost included: dioicous. - -Peat mosses, fr. rare. VI. VII. - - - SECT. II. _Leaves acuminate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate._ - - - _a._ Leaves erecto-patent. - -14. S. ACUTIFOLIUM. Ehr. St. 3–6in. with slender attenuated branches; -stem. l. small ovate acute erect; branch l. ovate-lanceolate slightly -præmorse with a 3–4 toothed apex, erecto-patent, often with a pinkish -tinge, sometimes almost white; pedicel long; monoicous. - -Bogs and marshes. VI. VII. - - -15. S. FIMBRIATUM. Wils. St. slender 6–12in. loosely cæspitose, with -slender deflexed branches; st. l. obovate broad very obtuse, and fringed -at the summit; br. l. ovate-lanceolate acute erecto-patent, whitish, -never reddish; p. l. very large obtuse, cucullate; caps. on a short -pedicel, nearly enclosed in the per. leaves: monoicous. - -Bogs and marshes. VI. VII. - - -16. S. CUSPIDATUM. Dill. Ehr. St. 3–12in., flaccid with distant deflexed -attenuated branches, the younger ones cuspidate; st. l. ovate acute, br. -l. lanceolate acute præmorse slightly fringed and bordered; per. l. -broadly ovate, acute, ped. short: dioicous. - -Wet bogs. VI. VII. - - -17. S. RECURVUM. P. Beauv. “Distinguished from the last by its branch -leaves, recurved when dry, elliptical, not attenuated towards the apex; -usually growing out of the water, whilst _S. cuspidatum_ is almost -submerged.”—G. E. Hunt. - -Common in bogs. - - var. δ. _laricinum_. Spruce. l. loosely imbricated, slightly undulate - when dry, areolæ very minute. - - -18. S. CONTORTUM. Schultz. St. 3–6in. rigid blackish, “with a single -layer of cortical cellules”, and with crowded generally contorted -attenuated branches; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute concave, frequently -3–toothed at the apex, the cellules bordered with a row of small pores -at the back of the leaf: dioicous. - -Bogs and ditches. VII. - - var. γ. _obesum_; stem more robust, branches thicker and longer, leaves - larger. - - -19. S. SUBSECUNDUM. Nees & H. Allied to _contortum_, but more lax in -habit, stems more slender, with shorter branches and with the branch -leaves generally more or less secund. - - -20. S. CURVIFOLIUM. Wils. MS. Allied to the last; stem with a cortical -layer of two or three rows of cellules, leaves without marginal pores, -entire, acute. - - - _b._ Leaves squarrose. - -21. S. SQUARROSUM. Pers. St. 4–12in. rigid, often forked, with long -deflexed attenuated branches; l. ovate-acuminate acute, recurved; caps. -large on a longish pedicel. - -Bogs. VI. VII. - - - 3. ARCHIDIUM. BRIDEL. - -22. A. PHASCOIDES Brid. St. ¼in., second year branched sometimes 1in.; -fertile branches short, barren ones longer, slender, and with more -distant leaves; l. lanceolate pointed, upper ones longest, entire, -nerved nearly to or beyond apex; p.l. ovate-lanceolate, toothed near the -apex, nerve excurrent. - -Moist clayey or chalky banks, &c. III. IV. - - - 4. PHASCUM. LINN. - - - SECT. I. (EPHEMERUM.) Almost stemless, capsule immersed, barren fl. - gemmiform at base of, or near to, fertile fl. - - - _a._ Growing from a conferva-like thallus, columella fugacious. - -23. P. SERRATUM. Schreb. “Stemless, leaves lanceolate, nerveless (?) -serrated, connivent; capsule large roundish ovate, sub-sessile.” (Wils.) - -Sandy banks or fallows. Spring or Autumn. - - var. β. _angustifolium._ “Leaves narrower, linear-lanceolate, obscurely - toothed; caps. smaller.” - -24. P. COHÆRENS. Hed. Stemless, very minute; l. ovate-lanceolate, -keeled, erect, nerved to apex, and serrated about half way from summit; -capsule immersed sub-sessile. - -On the ground. Winter. - - -25. P. TENERUM. Bruch. Inconspicuous; l. broad ovate-lanceolate, -slightly denticulate at apex, very flaccid; caps. small, pale yellow, -calyptra conical. Bry. Europ. vol. I. - -On the mud of dried-up pools. Winter. - -Weald of Sussex, Mr. Mitten. - - -26. P. SESSILE. B. & S. Very minute, almost stemless; l. -lanceolate-subulate, denticulate more than two-thirds from summit, -rigid, with an almost excurrent nerve; caps. sessile small, rounded, -brownish: monoicous. - -Clay and chalky heaths, rare. Autumn, Winter. - - var. β. _stenophyllum_. l. shorter, linear-lanceolate, slightly - serrulate. - -27. P. RECURVIFOLIUM. Dicks. Minute, st. almost none; l. lingulate, -rarely linear-lanceolate, erect, frequently recurved, denticulate at the -apex, with a strong generally excurrent nerve; caps. roundish ovate, -nearly sessile. - -Heaths and fallows. Autumn, Winter. - - - _b._ Mature plants without confervoid shoots. - -28. P. MUTICUM. Schreb. Minute, almost stemless; l. convolute, broadly -ovate, tapering pointed, concave, toothed above, nerved nearly to the -apex; caps. round, reddish, erect, sub-sessile. - -Moist banks and fallows. Autumn, Spring. - - var. β. _minus_, leaves entire. - - -29. P. TRIQUETRUM. Spruce. Almost stemless; l. in three rows, lowest -minute ovate nerveless, three uppermost (perichætial) cucullate, -pointed, obovate, keeled, margins reflexed, denticulate above, nerve -excurrent; caps. spherical, horizontal or drooping, pedicel long, -slender, suddenly bent near its union with the capsule. - -Cliffs, Sussex coast. III. - - - SECT. II. Barren fl. axillary, antheridia naked. - -30. P. FLOERKEANUM. Web. & M. Almost stemless, very minute; leaves -broadly ovate, tapering to a point, lower ones small nerveless, upper -ones larger nerve excurrent, margins reflexed; caps. ovate-spherical, -shortly beaked, immersed with sub-conical curved-pointed calyptra. - -Clay or chalky fields, rare. IX.–XI. - - -31. P. RECTUM. Sm. Stem short; l. closely crowded, erecto-patent, -elliptic-lanceolate pointed with an excurrent nerve, often reddish, -margins recurved; caps. exserted, roundish ovoid, on a longish straight -pedicel. - -Fields and banks near the coast, frequent. Winter. - - -32. P. CURVICOLLUM. Hedw. St. short reddish; l. erecto-patent, -lanceolate, tapering, pointed with an excurrent nerve, entire, margin -reflexed; caps. roundish, blunt-pointed, cernuous, exserted, on a -longish curved pedicel; cal. dimidiate. - -Moist banks and fields. - - - SECT. III. Barren fl. axillary, gemmiform. - -33. P. CUSPIDATUM. Schreb. From ⅛ to ¼in. high, st. simple or branched; -l. ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, erect concave, keeled, with the nerve -prominently excurrent; caps. roundish, immersed on a short pedicel. - -Moist banks, hedges, and fields, common. III. - - var. β. leaves longer, lanceolate; caps. smaller. - - γ. _Schreberianum._ St. elongated, branches dichotomous; leaves - distant spreading. - - δ. _piliferum._ Pedicel curved; leaves with long white filiform - points. - - ε. _curvisetum._ Caps. laterally exserted, on a longish curved - pedicel. - - ζ. _elatum._ Upper leaves lanceolate, cuspidate caps. - sub-pendulous, similar to the last. - - -34. P. BRYOIDES. Dicks. St. ⅛–¼in. simple or branched; l. lower, ovate -pointed, upper elliptic ovate concave erect, margin reflexed, pointed -with the excurrent nerve; caps. elliptical, with an oblique blunt point, -brown, exserted. Barren fl. sometimes terminal on a short branch. - -Banks and fields, rare. Spring. - - var. β. leaves piliferous. - - γ. _curvisetum._ Pedicel curved, longer. - - δ. caps. roundish, pedicel very short. - - ε. smaller, with piliferous leaves. (_P. pusillum_ Schleich.) - - ζ. _Thornhillii._ “l. spreading sub-reflexed - spathulato-lanceolate, margin plane, nerve slightly - excurrent; caps. narrowly elliptical, rostrate, pedicel - elongated.” - - - SECT. IV. Barren fl. naked in the axil of a perichætial leaf. - -35. P. PATENS. Hedw. St. ⅛in. l. more or less spreading, sometimes -recurved, obovate-lanceolate, serrulate near the apex, concave, nerve -ceasing below apex; caps. immersed spherical pointed, pale brown, -sub-sessile. - -Clay banks and fields. Autumn. - - -SECT. V. Stems growing by innovations, caps. therefore often apparently - lateral, leaves narrow, almost setaceous. - -36. P. NITIDUM. Hedw. L. generally erect, linear-lanceolate, keeled, -sub-denticulate near apex, nerved (thin) nearly to summit; caps. -elliptical, with a short oblique point, sometimes pendulous, on a short -pedicel. - -Moist banks, &c. Autumn, Spring. - - -37. P. SUBULATUM. L. St. ⅛in. l. lanceolate, sharply tapering from a -broadish base, not keeled, with a broad nerve ceasing near the apex; -per. l. almost setaceous; caps. roundish-ovoid pale brown, immersed, on -a very short pedicel. - -Banks and fields, common. Spring. - - -38. P. ALTERNIFOLIUM. Bruch. & S. St. sometimes with innovations, ½in. -long, or more; st. l. lanceolate acuminate from a broad base; per. l. -subulate-setaceous, with a thick nerve, excurrent and forming nearly the -upper half of the leaf; caps. ovoid immersed, brownish, with an oblique -point. - -Banks and fallow ground. Spring. - - - SECT. VI. Stems perennial branched; leaves linear-lanceolate firm - strongly nerved; caps. with traces of a dehiscent lid; barren fl. - gemmiform, terminal on a branch or sometimes axillary. - -39. P. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; with fastigiate branches; l. -lanceolate-subulate, grooved erect or spreading, margins involute, nerve -excurrent; per. l. very long, concave at base, sometimes almost secund; -caps. roundish, immersed, pale brown, with an oblique beak. - -Banks and fields, chiefly limestone. Spring. - - -40. P. MULTICAPSULARE. Smith. St. ½in., loosely tufted; leaves distant, -alternate, spreading, lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, with an excurrent -nerve and plane margin; per. l. longer and broader, erect, incurved; -capsule ovoid tapering to an oblique short beak, on a longish pedicel, -sometimes two together. - -Fields, &c., rare. III. - - var. β. _Mittenii._ Stems fragile, l. shorter, acute, recurved; p. l. - smaller; caps. on a longer pedicel. - -41. P. ROSTELLATUM. Brid. St. ⅛–¼in., tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, -spreading obtuse, nerve excurrent, margin plane; caps. olive-brown ovoid -elliptical with a straight beak; pedicel equalling caps. in length: a -smaller plant than the last. - -Dried beds of pools, &c. Autumn, Spring. - - - 5. GYMNOSTOMUM. HEDW. - - - SECT. I. Infl. dioicous, margin of l. reflexed or plane, not incurved. - - - _a._ St. short, per. l. sheathing; caps. elliptic-oblong, narrow at - mouth, lid conical, annulus large persistent. - -42. G. TENUE. Schrad. St. tufted; l. lingulate, sub-erect, upper ones -longest entire, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pale brown, lid obtuse. - -Sandstone rocks and walls. VII. VIII. - - - _b._ St. taller, branched; per. l. slightly sheathing, caps. oval or - ovoid, truncate; lid with a long beak, annulus narrow, persistent. - -43. G. RUPESTRE. Schw. St. ½in. densely tufted, slender, dichotomous; l. -linear-lanceolate, spreading obtuse keeled, nerved nearly to apex; -capsule erect oval, lid flattish, suddenly rising to a longish scarcely -bent beak. - -Wet alpine rocks. Autumn. - - var. β. _ramosissimum._ densely tufted, leaves shorter, capsule smaller - on a shorter pedicel. - - γ. _stelligerum._ loosely tufted, l. fasciculate and - stellato-patent at the ends of the branches, - linear-lanceolate acute. - - δ. _compactum._ leaves fascicled, longer and more obtuse. - - -44. G. CURVIROSTRUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose branches fastigiate; l. -linear-lanceolate, spreading keeled, margins recurved, nerved nearly to -apex; caps. broadly ovoid, lid adhering to columella, conical battened, -with a long suddenly bent beak. - -Moist sub-alpine rocks. Autumn. - - var. β. _pomiforme._ leaves narrow, caps. more spherical. - - γ. _microcarpon._ l. broader, erecto-patent, caps. smaller, - roundish obovate. - - δ. _pallidisetum._ st. long slender, l. fascicled, caps. small - obovate, with a shorter pedicel and beak. - - - SECT. II. Infl. monoicous; margins of l. incurved or plane, not - reflexed. - - -_a._ Caps. contracted at mouth; sporangium adherent to columella forming - a closed sac. - -45. G. SQUARROSUM. Wils. St. ¼in. loosely tufted, l. linear-lanceolate, -squarrose, distant, blunt, nerve running out into a mucro; caps. -elliptical, sometimes oblique and unequal; lid with a blunt beak. - -Clay fields and banks. Autumn, Spring. - - -46. G. MICROSTOMUM. Hedw. St. ⅛ to ¼in. densely tufted; l. -linear-lanceolate, acute, upper ones longest, nerve excurrent; capsule -elliptical, sometimes oblique and gibbous, olive-brown, much contracted, -lid with a longish curved beak. - -Fields, &c. Spring. - - var. β. _obliquum._ caps. oblong, oblique, lid sub-rostrate. - - γ. _brevirostre._ caps. oblong symmetrical, lid short conical. - - δ. _brachycarpum._ caps. roundish, gibbous. - - ε. _elatum._ innovations overtopping fruit, caps. roundish small, - lid sub-rostrate. - - - _b._ Caps. scarcely contracted; sporangium not adherent. - -47. G. TORTILE. Schw. St. ⅛–¼in. densely tufted with fastigiate -branches; l. oblong-lanceolate, spreading or sub-erect curved, obtuse, -pointed with the excurrent nerve; caps. elliptical, with a purple mouth -and an inclined beaked lid. - -Limestone rocks. Spring. - - var. β. _subcylindricum._ l. linear-lanceolate, caps. oblong. - - - 6. WEISSIA. HEDW. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -48. W. CONTROVERSA. Hedw. St. ⅛–¼in. branched; l. lower lanceolate, -upper linear-lanceolate, margin incurved, with a slightly excurrent -nerve; caps. oval, erect, lid conical, beak half-length of capsule; -barren fl. gemmiform. - -Frequent. Spring. - - var. β. _stenocarpa._ caps. sub-cylindrical narrow. - - γ. _densifolia._ densely tufted; l. crowded narrower. - - δ. _amblyodon._ teeth of peristome variable, short and truncate, - acute or cleft at apex., yellowish. - - ε. _gymnostomoides._ teeth of peristome almost wanting. - - -49. W. MUCRONATA. B. & S. Smaller than last; l. linear-lanceolate, with -plane margins, the nerve slightly excurrent and forming a mucro; caps. -oblong, scarcely striated; teeth of per. short truncate, perforated, lid -with a longish beak; barren fl. gemmiform. - -Fallow (clay) ground. III. IV. - - -50. W. CIRRHATA. Hedw. St. ½–1in. loosely tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, -spreading entire concave, keeled, margin reflexed, not nerved to apex; -per. l. slightly sheathing, shorter; caps. oval-oblong; lid with a long -beak; monoicous. - -Posts and rocks in mountainous districts. - - -51. W. CRISPULA. Hedw. St. shorter than last, branched; l. spreading, -frequently falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, base wide, concave; -margins plane, not nerved to apex; caps. oval or oblong without annulus; -lid beaked. Barren fl. gemmiform. - -Mountainous rocks. VI. VII. - - - SECT. II. Infl. dioicous; terminal. - -52. W. VERTICILLATA. Brid. St. ¼–¾in., branches fastigiate; l. -linear-lanceolate, rigid, denticulate at base, sub-erect, margin plane, -with a strong slightly excurrent nerve; teeth of per. incurved, not -barred, sometimes perforated; caps. erect, reddish; lid beaked. - -Dripping limestone rocks. VI. VII. - - -53. W. CALCAREA. Müll. St. short, simple; densely tufted, radiculose at -base; l. lower small ferruginous, erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate; -upper larger deep green lineal-lanceolate, rather obtuse concave, -stoutly nerved nearly to apex, margin minutely crenulate; per. l. -lanceolate concave acute; caps. oblong sub-cylindric short-necked erect, -on a pale yellow seta, lid conical subulate. - - var. δ. _brevifolium._ Schpr. Slender branched; l. lower very minute - distant, upper crowded ovate-lanceolate, recurved above; - caps. oval. - -Damp rocks and walls. Blackhall, nr. Banchory, Dee side. Mr. Sim. _var._ -δ. only and barren. [Dr. Braithwaite.] - - -54. W. COMMUTATA. Mitt. “L. from a sub-oblong base lanceolate, narrowed, -keeled with the nerve, which vanishes below apex, cells nearly all -elongated and pellucid; per. l. similar”; caps. turbinate, lid with a -very oblique longish beak. - -Alpine rocks, Nant-y-Fydd, Wrexham (Mr. Bowman.) - - -55. W. TRUNCICOLA. De Not. In large dense bright green tufts; st. 1–2in. -dichotomous, reddish, radiculose below; l. erect when moist and often -secund on the young shoots, rather soft, papillose at back, from a -narrowly lanceolate base gradually subulate channelled, thinly nerved -nearly to apex, margin not revolute, sharply denticulate above and on -the back of the nerve; strongly cirrhate and twisted when dry; basal -cells large cylindraceo-vesicular, the rest small quadrate or -sub-hexagonal, filled with chlorophyll. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., -IX., 290.] - -Base of an oak trunk in Sutton Park, Birmingham. J. Bagnall, 27th Aug., -1870. - - - 7. RHABDOWEISSIA. BRUCH. & S. - -56. R. FUGAX. B. & S. St. ¼–½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, acute, -toothed near apex, margins plane; caps. ovate, somewhat striated; teeth -of per. subulate, fugacious; lid with an oblique beak longer than -capsule. - -Sub-alpine rocks, in crevices. VI. VII. - - -57. R. DENTICULATA. B. & S. St. longer than last, loosely tufted; l. -lingulate or linear-lanceolate, strongly toothed half way from apex; -caps. more distinctly striated when dry, teeth of per. lanceolate, -persistent. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. - - - 8. CAMPYLOSTELIUM. BRUCH. & S. - -58. C. SAXICOLA. B. & S. Minute; l. elongate, linear-lanceolate, crowded -entire, twisted, nerved nearly to summit; caps. elliptical drooping, on -a geniculate pedicel, annulus double, calyptra 5–cleft. at base. - -Sandstone rocks, rare. XI. - - - 9. BRACHYODUS. NEES. & H. - -59. B. TRICHODES. N. & H. Very minute; l. lanceolate-subulate, almost -setaceous; erect, with an excurrent nerve forming half the leaf; caps. -erect, furrowed; per. very short, annulus large, lid flattish with a -long beak. - -Sub-alpine sandstone rocks. Spring. - - - 10. SELIGERIA. BRUCH & S. - -60. S. PUSILLA. Bruch. & S. Minute, ⅛in. stems loosely tufted, simple or -dichotomous; l. lanceolate-subulate, very narrow, thinly nerved nearly -to apex; per. with teeth distantly barred; caps. on an upright pedicel, -turbinate when dry, with a flattish beaked lid. - -Shady limestone rocks. IV. V. - - -61. S. TRISTICHA. Brid. Densely cæspitose, rigid; l. exactly -tristichous, crowded, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, muticous, base -whitish; caps. yellowish brown sub-spherical, with a tumid neck, lid -large with a long oblique or arcuate beak; per. teeth narrower than in -_calcarea_. - -Calcareous stones and rocks. Summer. - -Blair Athol, Glen Tilt, and Ben-y-Gloe. Rev. J. M. Crombie. - - -62. S. PAUCIFOLIA. Carruthers. (_S. subcernua_, Schp.; _S. calcicola_, -Mitt.) Densely gregarious, low; leaves crowded erecto-patent, lower ones -lanceolate, upper subulate from a narrow oblong base, margins plane, -nerve exserted, areolæ dense, rectangular; caps. elliptical sub-cernuous -on a long seta, unsymmetrical, lid with a long beak; male fl. at base of -female plant. - -Limestone rocks and stones. VI. - -Chalk Downs, Sussex, Mr. Mitten; Near Wetherby, 1801, Dickson. - - -[63. S. ACUTIFOLIA. Lind. Very small; l. and per. l. from a more or less -sheathing base abruptly narrowed into a subterete setiform acute pointed -awl, formed by the excurrent nerve, crenulate; seta 1 mm. long; caps. -small, scarcely exserted, pyriform with a short neck, lid with a short -scarcely oblique beak];—type not British but - - var. β. _longiseta_, Lindb. Plant larger, seta 2–3 mm. long, caps. - exserted, beak of lid longer and more oblique—gathered by Mr. - Wilson, 14th May, 1831, and sent by him to Dr. Lindberg. - - -64. S. CALCAREA. B. & S. St. short, more robust, than No. 60, l. -ovate-subulate, obtuse, dull green with a thicker nerve; caps. -turbinate, shortly beaked, on a short stiff pedicel; peris. teeth, -broader obtuse, closely barred. - -Chalk cliffs. IV. V. - - -65. S. RECURVATA. B. & S. St. minute gregarious; l. lanceolate-subulate, -somewhat flexuose, acute, nerve excurrent generally; caps. obovate -elliptical; pedicel curved drooping. - -Sandstone rocks, rare. IV. V. - - - 11. ANODUS. BRUCH. & S. - -66. A. DONIANUS. B. & S. St. minute, ⅛in. gregarious; l. almost -setaceous, lanceolate-subulate, very minutely toothed; per. l. bluntish -and rather shorter; caps. cup-shaped or turbinate, mouth wide; Cal. -dimidiate; perist. none, lid with a short beak. - -Sandstone rocks, rare. IX. - - - 12. STYLOSTEGIUM. WILS. - -67. S. CÆSPITICIUM. B. & S. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted; branches -fastigiate; l. somewhat falcate and secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; -per. l. larger with a sheathing base entire, nerve predominant; caps. -roundish-pyriform glossy; lid obliquely beaked, adherent to columella. - -Alpine rocks, in crevices. VII. - - - 13. BLINDIA. WILS. - -68. B. ACUTA. B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. subulate or -lanceolate-setaceous, rigid, glossy, sub-secund, nerve thick; per. l. -sheathing; caps. roundish-pyriform, on a short reddish pedicel; lid with -a longish beak. - -Moist alpine or sub-alpine rocks. Summer. - - var. β. _breviseta._ “Stem shorter, caps. on a very short pedicel.” - Wils. - - γ. _rupincola._ pedicels arcuate. - - δ. _trichodes._ Braithwaite. l. longer and more falcate. Wet - rocks, near Bolton.—Whitehead. - - - 14. ARCTOA. BRUCH. & S. - -69. A. FULVELLA. B. & S. St. ½–2in. densely tufted; l. somewhat secund, -often falcate, subulate-setaceous dull green, sometimes slightly toothed -at apex, nerve predominant, per. l. large sheathing; caps. ovate, -sometimes gibbous, 8–furrowed, lid obliquely beaked; barren fl. -gemmiform: monoicous. - -Fissures of alpine rocks. VII. VIII. - - - 15. CYNODONTIUM. BRUCH. & S. - -70. C. BRUNTONI. B. & S. St. ½–1in. tufted, branches fastigiate; l. -linear-lanceolate or lanc-subulate, keeled, sometimes minutely -denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, twisted when dry, nerved almost or -quite to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. erect obovate or elliptical; lid -with a long oblique beak. - -Sub-alpine rocks. VI. - - - 16. DICRANUM. HEDW. - - - _a._ (DICRANELLA. Schimp.) - - - SECT. I. Stem long, rooting in all parts; leaves spreading flexuose, -papillose on both sides, crenulate in margin, not nerved to apex; infl. - monoicous; beak of lid shorter than caps. - -71. D. POLYCARPUM. Ehr. L. bent, flexuose, often recurved, -lanceolate-subulate or linear-lanceolate, keeled, margin recurved, -somewhat papillose, denticulate at apex, nerve excurrent; caps. erect, -symmetrical, striated, with a tumid neck. - -Alpine rocks. VII. VIII. - - var. β. _strumiferum._ caps. unequal, base strumose. - - -SECT. II. St. rooting in all parts, leafy; l. spreading, nerve slightly - excurrent; infl. monoicous; caps. strumose. - -72. D. VIRENS. Hedw. St. 1–3in. branched; l. erect ovate-lanceolate at -base, sheathing, running to a long sub-denticulate, almost setaceous -prolongation, margins recurved, nerve thick sub-excurrent; caps. -cernuous strumose smooth oblong and curved; lid beaked. - -Moist alpine rocks; Ben Lawers. VI. VII. - - var. β. _Wahlenbergii._ l. flexuose, much attenuated, above narrower - and longer, yellowish; caps. short, with a very prominent - struma. - - γ. _serratum._ stems taller; l. recurved from a sheathing base, - coarsely serrated. - - δ. _compactum._ st. shorter and slender; l. shorter lanceolate - from an ovate base, entire, or very slightly toothed at apex; - caps. gibbous on a shorter pedicel. - - ε. _gracilescens._ l. narrower; caps. smaller. - - - SECT. III. L. squarrose, or patent spreading. - -73. D. PELLUCIDUM. Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely tufted; l. distant, -lanceolate, margins undulate, denticulate, papillose obtuse; caps. -shortly ovate; lid conical rostrate; dioicous. - -Wet stones in streams. X. XI. - - var. β. fagimontanum. st. short, branches slender, l. shorter. - - γ. serratum. l. crenato-serrate, with a more acute point; caps. - oval or oblong, lid with a slender beak. - -74. D. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. gregarious, l. subulate from a broadish -sheathing base setaceous above, long, spreading flexuose, minutely -dentate, nerved to apex; caps. almost erect, oval or obovate, striate; -lid with a long oblique subulate beak: monoicous. - -Moist sandy banks, not common. X. XI. - - -75. D. GREVILLIANUM. B. & S. L. with a broad sheathing base, suddenly -lanceolate-subulate prolonged, wide-spreading and wavy, entire, nerve -broad; caps. ovate, sub-striate, strumose; lid with a beak longer than -capsule: monoicous. - -“Glen Tilt, at foot of Ben-y-Gloe, 1823, not since found.”—Wils. VIII. -IX. - - [I have a specimen gathered by Dr. A. O. Black, marked “Esk-no-more.”] - - -76. D. SCHREBERI. Hedw. St. ½–1in. sub-cæspitose, branched sparingly; l. -base broad, suddenly lanceolate-subulate, spreading flexuose keeled, -denticulate at apex; caps. ovate-oblong, scarcely strumose, cernuous; -lid conical, shortly rostrate; dioicous. - -Clayey or sandy soil near streams, rare. X. XI. - -Lancashire, Cheshire, and near Glasgow. - - -77. D. SQUARROSUM. Schrad. St. 1–3in. dichotomous; l. lanceolate from a -broad sheathing base obtuse, undulate, entire concave recurved, nerve -narrow, reaching nearly to apex; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid long -conical, with a short beak. - -Wet mountainous places. VIII. IX. - - -78. D. CERVICULATUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. sparingly branched; l. spreading -flexuose, almost setaceous from a broadish amplexicaul base, entire, -nerved into the subula; caps. roundish ovate gibbous, strumose; lid with -a long oblique or curved subulate beak. - -Sandy banks or on turf, frequent. VI. VII. - - var. β. _pusillum._ st. shorter, simple; l. smaller sub-erect; caps. - smaller and less gibbous. - - - SECT. IV. L. secund or sub-secund. - -79. D. VARIUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate, entire keeled -sub-denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, nerve scarcely excurrent; -caps. inclined, ovate or oblong, slightly tumid; lid shortly beaked; -seta twisted to the right. - -Moist banks. XI. XIII. - - var., β. _tenuifolium._ l. narrow, obscurely nerved. - - γ. _tenellum._ st. slender, scarcely branched; l. falcato-secund, - distantly denticulate. - - δ. _callistomum._ l. scarcely secund, caps. erect, obovate - truncated, lid almost as long as caps. - - -80. “D. FALLAX. Wils. MS. Closely resembles the last. L. more distant, -with impressed wings and less elongated setaceous points, and a more -dilated flattened nerve, uppermost sub-secund. Caps. nearly symmetric -erect or sub-cernuous, with a shorter conical lid: dioicous.” [Dr. -Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 227.] - -Banks. III. IV. - -Anglesea (Wilson); Cotterall Wood (Hunt); Park Gate, Cheshire (Miss -Jelly). - - -81. D. RUFESCENS. Turn. St. short bright red, scarcely branched; l. -linear-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, reddish, margins plane, secund, -pellucid; caps. erect ovate or obovate, slightly tumid, with a conical -beaked lid. Seta twisted to the left; dioicous. - -Moist sandy banks. X. XI. - - -82. D. SUBULATUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. l. falcato-secund, setaceous from an -oblong-lanceolate base, entire; caps. ovate gibbous oblique striate when -dry, seta red; dioicous. - -Moist shady sandy banks; common on the mortar of walls, &c. IX. X. - - -83. D. CURVATUM. Hedw. Cæspitose; st. bi-tripartite; l. setaceous from a -shortly ovate semi-sheathing base, channelled, apex denticulate, -falcato-setaceous; caps. erect or sub-erect, ovate-oblong, slightly -gibbous, distinctly striate. [Sch. Syn. p. 75. Bry. Eur. vol. I.] - -Walls. Autumn and Spring. - -Llanberis, N. Wales (W. Wilson). - - -84. D. HETEROMALLUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. simple or branched, in silky -tufts; l. lanceolate-setaceous, slightly dentate at apex; caps. obovate -gibbous, obliquely plicate when dry; lid with a long beak, seta pale -yellowish; dioicous. - -Moist banks and walls. XI. XII. - - var. β. _strictum._ l. erecto-patent, straight, not secund; seta longer - flexuose. - - γ. _interruptum._ larger; stem interrupted leafy; l. spreading or - secund. - - δ. _sericeum._ Schp. plants taller; l. diverging almost on all - sides, pale green or yellowish, often strongly and remotely - toothed. Soccoth Hill, Arrochar (McKinlay). - - - _b._ (EU-DICRANUM.) - - - SECT. I. FALCATÆ. Densely tufted, st. dichotomous and fastigiate, - decumbent at base with few or no radicular fibres; l. -lanceolate-subulate, secund or falcato-secund, nerve predominant above; - caps. cernuous, neck strumose or ventricose, lid with a long beak: - monoicous. - -85. D. STARKII. Web. & M. St. 1–3in. branched; l. subulate-setaceous -from a lanceolate base, falcato-secund, entire, nerve strongly -predominant, caps. oblong arcuate, gibbous, strumose, striate, -sub-cernuous. - -Alpine rocks. VIII. - - var. β. _molle._ taller; l. wider lanceolate, purplish brown; nerve not - predominant. - -Summit of Ben Nevis. - - -86. D. FALCATUM. Hedw. St. shorter, dichotomously branched and -fastigiate; l. strongly falcato-secund, from a lanceolate base -subulato-setaceous, denticulate at apex, nerve predominant, caps. -shortly obovate, strumose, almost smooth when dry; lid large beaked. - -Alpine rocks. VIII. IX. - - -87. D. BLYTTII. Br. & S. St. branched fastigiate; l. flexuoso-patent, or -sub-secund, from an erect base lanceolate-subulate, soft, entire, nerve -predominant, per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cernuous, ovate, incurved, -without striæ, strumose, lid rostrate; per. teeth narrow inflexed when -dry. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VIII. - - - SECT. II. ORTHOCARPA. Densely cæspitose; st. 1 or more inches high, - dichotomous, with or without radicular fibres; l. secund, -lanceolate-subulate, smooth glossy, nerve excurrent or nerveless. Caps. - erect cylindrical; neck long symmetrical; lid conical at base. - - -88. D. GLACIALE. Berg. Monoicous, in wide tufts, without radicular -tomentum, erect, 2–5in. high, l. erecto-patent, straight glossy, lowest -minute lanceolate nerveless, upper oblong at base, lanceolate-subulate, -deeply concave, margin inflexed entire, basal angles auricled, orange, -nerve narrow compressed; per. l. sheathing, suddenly narrowed into a -long subula; caps. cernuous, cylindraceous, more or less incurved -strumose, not striate; lid rostrate. - -Alpine rocks; Ben Nevis, Clova, Ben-y-Gloe. - - [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. VIII., 228.] - - -89. D. VIRIDE. Sull. et Lesq. Dioicous, in dense cushions, or cæspitose, -reddish and tomentose at base, above dark green; branches dichotomous; -l. lineal-lanceolate subulate, nerve running out in the concave awl; -per. l. sheathing; areolæ densely chlorophyllose, enlarged at base; -caps. erect, oblong, slightly incurved, lid with a long beak. - -Trunks of trees: rarely on sandstone rocks. - -fig. Schpr. Musci. Eur. novi, &c. fasc. III. IV. - -Staffordshire (Mr. Bloxam). - - -90. D. SCOTTIANUM. Turn. St. 2 or 3in. robust; l. erecto-patent, -sub-secund incurved lanceolate-subulate, slightly twisted at apex when -dry, concave entire, nerve strong excurrent; caps. elongated, slightly -curved, tapering at base, lid obliquely rostrate. - -Rocks in mountainous districts. VII. VIII. - - -91. D. LONGIFOLIUM. Hedw. Cæspitose, tufts pale green or whitish; stem -arcuate or geniculate ascending, slightly radiculose; l. long -falcato-secund, rarely spreading, subulate from a lanceolate base, with -a slender nerve, margin and back serrate at apex; per. l. convolute -sheathing; caps. elongate cylindrical, upright or sub-incurved, without -striæ, brown; beak subulate, annulus narrow: dioicous. - -Sub-alpine rocks. Autumn. - -Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton). - -92. D. CIRCINNATUM. Wils. Dioicous, in loose irregular light green -tufts; st. 3–6in. dichotomous, geniculate or ascending, with radicles -from base of leaves. L. very long, secund, arcuate from an oblong -sheathing base decurrent at angles, longly subulate concave; nerve -flattened, covering one-fifth of base and all the subula, which is -denticulate; base laxly areolate in middle, with narrower cells at -margin. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 230.] - -Fr. unknown. - -Ben Voirlich, Clova, Ben Nevis, Lennox Castle. - - - SECT. III. SCOPARIÆ. St. loosely or densely matted, tall, with - proliferous radicular fibres; l. long spreading or secund, -lanceolate-subulate, glossy, denticulate at apex; nerve with or without - dorsal lamellæ; caps. cernuous bent; lid with a long beak. - -93. D. FUSCESCENS. Turn. St. 2–3m. loosely tufted; l. spreading, -sub-secund, flexuose, canaliculate, minutely toothed at apex, nerve -excurrent; caps. oblong incurved, furrowed when dry; lid with a very -long beak. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VIII. - - -94. D. SCOPARIUM. Hedw. St. 2–4in. loosely tufted dichotomous; l. secund -or falcato-secund, carinato-concave, margins inflexed, serrate at apex; -nerve with about four prominent ridges at back, serrate at apex; per. l. -larger convolute; caps. cylindrical, slightly curved; lid with a long -beak. - -Shady banks and rocks, common. VII. VIII. - - var. β. _orthophyllum._ stem erect; l. erecto-patent or sub-secund - straight. - - γ. _curvatum._ branches curved ascending, l. more falcate; caps. - shorter. - - -95. D. MAJUS. Turn. St. 4–6in. loosely cæspitose; l. falcato-secund; -concave dentato-serrate at apex; caps. horizontally cernuous, curved, -furrowed when dry; lid and calyptra very long; fruit-stalks pale -aggregate. - -Shady banks, &c., in woods. VII. VIII. - - - SECT. IV. UNDULATA. St. very tall, with radicular fibres; l. large -glossy, spreading every way or secund, lanceolate below, linear-subulate - above; nerve flattish, with lamellæ at back. - -96. D. PALUSTRE. Brid. St. 3–4in. erect branched sub-fastigiate; l. -spreading, sub-secund, linear-lanceolate undulated, terminal ones -crowded into a cuspidate cluster on the barren shoots; serrate at apex; -nerve thin and narrow, not reaching to apex, and without ridges; caps. -sub-erect, slightly curved, sub-cylindrical, striate. - -Marshy places and moist banks. IX. - - var. β. _juniperifolium._ with shorter, wider, and more rigid leaves. - - γ. _polycladum._ branches slender flagelliform; l. small - imbricate. - - -97. D. SCHRADERI. Schwaeg. St. 3–6in.; l. sub-secund, rather obtuse, -carinato-concave, subrugose, toothed on margin and keel, sub-papillose -at back near apex; caps. oval-oblong incurved; lid rostrate. - -Turfy bogs, rare. IX. - -98. D. SPURIUM. Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose; l. ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, undulate serrate, papillose at back; not nerved to apex; -caps. sub-cylindrical arcuate, slightly strumose, striate; lid with a -long curved beak. - -Moors and bogs. VI. - - - 17. LEUCOBRYUM. HAMPE. - -99. L. GLAUCUM. Hampe. St. 1–6in. or more, dichotomous fragile, -fastigiate; l. subulate from an ovate-lanceolate base, erect, rather -obtuse, and apiculate; caps, cernuous, strumose, furrowed when dry. - -Moist heaths, woods, rare in fr. - - - 18. CERATODON. BRID. - -100. C. PURPUREUS. Brid, St. ¼–2in. cæspitose, branched; l. -oblong-lanceolate, margin recurved, nerve excurrent; caps. -elliptic-oblong, irregular, purple, angular when dry on a purplish red -seta; lid conical. - -Banks, &c., common. IV. V. - - -101. C. CYLINDRICUS. B. & S. St. ¼in. gregarious; l. subulate from a -dilated ovate amplexicaul base, flexuose, minutely toothed above, nerve -predominant; caps. cylindrical, smooth, erect or slightly curved, on a -pale slender seta; lid conical. - -Sandy banks, not common. IV. V. - - - 19. DICRANODONTIUM. BR. & S. - -102. D. LONGIROSTRE. B. & S. St. 1–3in. blackish; l. falcato-secund, -subulato-setaceous from an ovate sheathing base, denticulate above on -predominant nerve; caps. elliptic-oblong, smooth, on a thick curved or -flexuose seta. - -Mountainous woods, rare. X. - - - 20. CAMPYLOPUS. BRID. - - [The diagnoses of species are taken from Dr. Braithwaite’s Paper in - Jour. of Bot. VIII., pp. 386–393.] - - - _a._ Leaves hoary at point. - -103. C. ATROVIRENS. De Not. (_C. longipilus._ Brid. pro parte: Wils. -Bry. Brit.; et Schimp. Musc. Eur. Nov.) Dense tufts 1–3in. high, above -yellowish green, below brownish, at base black. Stem erect, dichotomous, -with few radicles at base; l. lower, lax, shorter, the rest densely -crowded, erecto-patent, lanceolate, very longly subulato-setaceous, -channelled below, auricled; nerve excurrent into a hoary hispid arista, -channelled at back, one-third width of leaf base; cells of auricles -dilated, castaneous, central colorless, above these sub-rectangular, -uppermost oblongo-elliptic. Fem. fl. 2. 3 at apex of innovations. - -Wet rocks, and moorlands in mountainous districts. - -E. S. & I. - - -104. C. BREVIPILUS. B. & S. In dense broad tufts, when dry glossy yellow -green above, fuscescent below, ¾–1¼ in. high, almost free from radicles, -fastigiate; l. erect densely crowded, narrowly lanceolate-subulate, very -concave, the point denticulate at margin and back, not auricled; nerve -one-third width of leaf base excurrent into a short hair point; per. l. -wider sheathing, narrowed into a hispid hair, margin recurved above -base. Areolæ lax; basal cells quadrate, above rhomboidal flexuose, -marginal very narrow; fem. fl. solitary. - -Heathy places. Sussex, Hants, Cheshire, York, Arran. - -105. C. INTROFLEXUS. Brid. (_C. longipilus._ Bry. Eur. pro parte. _C. -polytrichoides._ De Not. _D. ericetorum._ Mitt.) Densely tufted, -olivaceous brown below, innov. yellow green with hoary tips; ¾–1½in. -high, sparingly radiculose, dichotomous; l. imbricated, erecto-patent, -lanceolate-subulate, channelled; not auricled; wings but little -incurved, comal leaves broader lanceolate acuminate, lowest muticous, -rest prolonged into a diaphanous spinuloso-denticulate arista shorter -than the leaf. Nerve three-fourths width of limb, lammelluligerous at -back. Basal cells hyaline large and empty, gradually becoming obliquely -oval and minute, chlorophyllose, a few fuscous alar cells in comal -leaves; per. l. oblong convolute, subulate at apex. Thecæ aggregated on -short peduncles, oval, unequal, rough at base, lid obliquely rostrate. -Calyp. reaching middle of capsule, sparingly fimbriate. - -Dry heaths and stony places. Cornwall, Jersey, Scotland, Ireland. - - - _b._ Leaves unicolorous. - - - * auricled at base. - -106. C. SHAWII. Wils. MS. Tufts lax, yellow green above, blackish brown -below, 1–2in. high. Stems robust, with numerous radicles. L. -erecto-patent, straight, rigid, from a somewhat contracted linear base, -lanceolate, longly subulate, suddenly narrowed at one-third their -length; margin involute above, apex acute, with a few minute -denticulations. Nerve two-thirds width of base. Cells at basal wings -enlarged lax reddish brown, exterior rows hyaline, above rectangular, -and then rhomboido-elliptic. Leaves falcate when growing in dry places. - -Outer Hebrides, 1866 (Mr. Shaw). - - -107. C. ALPINUS. Schpr. Densely cæspitose, 2–3in. high, stem erect, -dichotomous, with rufous radicles from back of leaf base at base of -innovations. L. rigid, fragile, and deciduous, erect or slightly secund, -lowest lanceolate, becoming larger upwards and longly subulate, -subtubular, subula sharply or obsoletely serrate. Nerve half width of -base. Auricles very large decurrent, cells orange brown, central -hyaline, above laxer narrowly hexagono-rectangular, and at last quadrate -without chlorophyll, solid and yellowish. - -Moist heaths and rocks. Wales and Scotland. - - -108. C. FLEXUOSUS. Brid. Tufts dense yellowish green. Stems ½–1½in. -high, erect dichotomous, with rufous purple radicles to apex, bearing -gemmæ intermixed. L. patent straight or secund, sub-falcate, lower -lanceolate upper subulate, uppermost very long and toothed at apex all -concave, glossy, red when old. Nerve one-third width of base; angles not -decurrent, with short wide fuscous cells, others hexagono-rectangular, -upper quadrate and chlorophyllose; per. l. nine; inner sheathing longly -subulate, with a narrower nerve, calyptra fuscous at apex. Caps. oval, -regular, or gibbous, short-necked olivaceous, with eight striæ, sulcate -when dry; lid conico-rostrate; annulus broad double. - -Sub-alpine moist rocks and peaty soil. XI. - - -109. C. PARADOXUS. Wils. MS. Tufts ½–1in. high, fastigiate, dull -yellowish green above, pale brown below; st. with short lateral ramuli, -and few rufous radicles. L. erecto-patent (erecto-appressed when dry) -uppermost longest slightly secund lanceolate-subulate, concave; apex -usually of two teeth, with a few irregular ones below on each side. -Nerve one-third width of base. Lamina extended to apex; basal cells thin -enlarged hyaline when young, afterwards fuscous, above rectangular, in -14–16 longitudinal rows, thickened and quadrate towards apex. - -Peaty soil, Cheviots (barren), Boyd and Hardy, 1868. - - -110. C. SETIFOLIUS. Wils. Tufts lax soft, bright or yellowish green -above, blackish below, without radicles. St. 5–10in. slender, erect, -geniculate. L. distant erecto-patent or sub-secund, glossy, from a -lanceolate base gradually running into a very long subula, sometimes -half twisted; uppermost with wings serrate. Nerve half width of base; -auricles very large and inflated, the cells partly fuscous, partly -hyaline, hexagonal, above hexagono-rectangular, upper rhombic -chlorophyllose; fl. of each sex collected in capitula; males 3–4, fem. -numerous. - -Wet places, and clefts of rocks. I. S. - - -111. C. SWARTZII. Schpr. Tufts dense soft yellowish green, brownish -below, without radicles. St. 2–3in. slender; l. erecto-patent, straight -or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate, upper lanceolate-subulate, entire -at apex, base somewhat sheathing, auricles hyaline inflated decurrent. -Nerve two-thirds of base, finely sulcate at back towards apex. Basal -areolæ narrow, auricular very lax hexagono-rectangular hyaline, above -sub-quadrate. - -Granite alpine rocks. Wales, Scotland. - - - * * L. not auricled. - - - § St. radiculose. - -112. C. FRAGILIS. B. & S. Tufts pale green glossy, st. ½–2in. fragile. -L. densely crowded erecto-patent rigid incumbent when dry, lower -lanceolate, upper extended into a subula, toothed at apex, wings -recurved above. Nerve very broad. Basal areolæ lax pellucid narrow -rectangular, above minute quadrate, no distinct alar cells. Caps. -solitary, bent down, oval, symmetric, fuscous, when dry plicate, -contracted below the mouth, lid conico-subulate oblique, red; calyp. -whitish, rufous at apex. - -Sandstone rocks and moist heaths. - - var. β. _densus._ (B. & S.) st. taller, l. shorter, with more acute - entire points and laxer cells. - - -113. C. SCHIMPERI. Milde. Tufts dense compact. St. 1–2in. slender light -silky green above, fuscous below. L. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, -straight rigid, lanceolate-subulate, channelled, denticulate only at -apex. Nerve very broad. Basal cells lax rectangular hyaline, very narrow -at margin, above elliptic. - -Alpine hills. Scotland. - - -114. C. PYRIFORMIS. Brid. (_C. turfaceus._ B. & S.) Tufts flat -olivaceous or bright green, finally tawny. St. ½–1in. slender erect, -radiculose only at base. L. less crowded, gradually larger upwards, -erecto-patent, lower lanceolate, middle lanceolate-subulate, upper from -a lanceolate base setaceous. Nerve one-third base, thin channelled at -back. Areolæ resembling _C. flexuosus_, but thinner, hyaline at base Fr. -several from same apex; caps. ovate olivaceous, fulvous when ripe, -sulcate, lid obliquely rostrate; calyp. whitish, tip brown. - -Moist heaths and sides of ditches. - - var. β. _Mulleri._ Juratzka. L. caducous, calyptra without fringe. - - - § § St. very short, not radiculose. - -115. C. BREVIFOLIUS. Schpr. St. ½in. yellowish green, with caducous -ramuli. L. short rigid erect lanceolate, longly acuminate, concave, -obsoletely toothed at apex. Nerve half base; basal areolæ hyaline lax -rectangular, gradually shorter and more quadrate, lower ones with their -transverse walls much thickened. - -Dry and stony places. Scotland. - - - 21. POTTIA. EHRH. - -116. P. PUSILLA. Hedw. (_P. cavifolia._ Ehr.) St. very short and simple -or branched; l. erecto-patent concave, obovate or elliptical; caps. -oval, on a short seta; lid obliquely rostrate. - -Banks and mud walls. III. - - var. β. stem short, l. somewhat acuminate, scarcely piliferous. - - γ. _incana._ N. & H. l. with long hair-like points. - - -117. P. MINUTULA. B. & S. Very minute, l. carinate, spreading, -ovate-lanceolate, with recurved margins; caps. small, ovate-truncate; -lid flattish conical, not beaked. - -Fallow fields. Winter and Spring. - - var. β. _rufescens._ l. narrower reddish. - - γ. _conica._ l. ovate-lanceolate, with a short mucro, caps. - narrower at mouth. - - -118. P. TRUNCATULA. L. St. ⅛in., l. spreading obovate-acuminate or -oblong-lanceolate, with a slightly excurrent nerve; caps. obovate, -truncate, with a wide mouth; lid convex obliquely rostrate. - -Fallow soil. II. III. - - var. β. _major._ caps. oval-oblong, stem smaller. - - γ. _sub-cylindrica._ l. ovate-lanceolate; nerve much excurrent; - caps. sub-cylindrical. - - -119. P. CRINITA. Wils. St. ¼in. tufted; l. obovate-oblong obtuse; nerve -excurrent into a very long hair-like point; caps. elliptic-oblong, -scarcely contracted, calyp. smooth. - -Rocky and moist places. - - -120. P. WILSONI. B. & S. St. ¼in. in tufts, l. ovate-oblong, obtuse; -nerve excurrent into a longish mucro; caps. elliptic-oblong, contracted -at mouth; lid shortly and obliquely rostrate; calyp. rough at apex. - -Sandy banks. II. - - -121. P. LITTORALIS. Mitt. (Jour. Bot. IX., 4.) L. oblong-spathulate -obtuse or acute, lower pale, upper green, nerve excurrent, longer in -lower leaves; areolæ in upper part of leaf small obscure, smooth, lower -oblong pellucid; caps. oblong-oval, mouth less than greatest diameter; -lid rostrate slightly twisted; male fl. bud-like. - -Aldington, near Brighton, Hastings. - - -122. P. ASPERULA. Mitt. (l. c.) L. obovate-spathulate, acute, but not -acuminate, nerve excurrent into a short point; areolæ upper rounded -rather obscure, each with several elevated points, lower oblong smooth -pellucid; caps. oval, lid rostrate slightly twisted; antheridia naked in -axils of comal leaves. - -Henfield, Sussex; Penzance (Curnow), Jersey (Piquet). - - -123. P. VIRIDIFOLIA. Mitt. (l. c.) (_P. pallida_, Braith. Jour. Bot. -VIII., 255, non Lindberg.) L. obovate-spathulate obtuse or slightly -acute; nerve not very stout, excurrent into a short point; margin -recurved at middle; areolæ, upper hexagonal or nearly square, obscure, -with minute protuberances, lower oblong hyaline smooth; caps. oblong on -a short seta; lid rostrate; antheridia in axils of comal leaves. - -Plymouth (Holmes). - - -124. P. HEIMII. B. & S. St. ⅛–¼in. cæspitose, branched; l. spreading, -oblong-lanceolate, margin not recurved; caps. obovate or oblong -truncate, lid obliquely rostrate, adherent to columella. - -Moist banks near the sea. IV. V. - - - 22. ANACALYPTA. RÖHL. - -125. A. STARKEANA. N. & H. Minute, gregarious; l. spreading -ovate-lanceolate, entire, margin recurved; nerve excurrent; caps. small -oval brown; lid convexo-conical; per. teeth obtuse perforate. - -Banks and fields. I. II. - - var. β. _brachyodus._ caps. narrower; per. teeth very short truncate. - - -126. A. CÆSPITOSA. Bruch. Minute cæspitose; l. oblong-lanceolate or -ovate, concave, plane, nerve excurrent; caps. ovate yellowish brown, lid -with a long beak; per. teeth perforate. - -Woolsonbury Hill, Sussex (chalk). III. - - -127. A. LANCEOLATA. RÖHL. St. ¼–½in. cæspitose; l. spreading -ovate-lanceolate acute, margin recurved, entire; nerve excurrent into a -longish mucro; caps. ovate; lid conical obliquely rostrate; per. teeth -very variable, rather long, with a medial line. - -Moist limestone banks, walls, &c. III. - - -128. A. LATIFOLIA. N. & H. St. short, gregarious, bulb-like; l. -imbricate, broadly roundish ovate, pointed or obtuse, concave, nerve -ceasing below apex: caps. oval-oblong, lid long, rostrate. - -Alpine rocks, in crevices. Spring. - - var. β. _pilifera._ l. with hair-like points. - - - [23. DESMATODON. BRID.—_Vide_ “TORTULA.”] - - - 24. DISTICHIUM. B. & S. - -129. D. CAPILLACEUM. B. & S. St. 1–2in. cæspitose; l. -subulate-setaceous, spreading; caps. erect, ovate-oblong or almost -cylindrical, reddish brown; per. teeth, narrow, articulate, bi- or -tri-fid. - -Scotch and Welsh mountains. Summer. - - -130. D. INCLINATUM. B. & S. St. shorter than last, and less cæspitose; -leaves same, per. l. 1, 2, or 3 together; caps. oval, olive-brown, -inclined or cernuous; per. teeth larger lanceolate, articulate, entire -or perforate, bi-trifid. - -Irish and Scotch mountains. VI. VII. - - var. β. _tenue._ smaller in all its parts. - - - 25. DIDYMODON. BR. & S. - - - 1. Monoicous. - -131. D. RUBELLUS. B. & S. St. ¼–1in. cæspitose, lower leaves reddish, -upper dull green, all oblong-lanceolate, spreading, margin recurved, -keeled, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pale brown, cylindrical; lid with a -short oblique beak; antheridia naked in axils of per. l. - -Shady walls, rocks, &c. X. - - -132. D. JENNERI. Schp. St. 1–1½in. cæspitose, brownish black below; br. -fastigiate; l. spreading cirrhate linear-lanceolate concave, keeled, -serrate, nerved to apex; areolæ minute rectangular transparent at base; -caps. oval-oblong, slightly drooping, lid with a short obtuse beak. - -Ross-shire (Jenner and Howie). [Referred by Wilson, and others, to -_Cynodontium polycarpon_.] - - - 2. Dioicous. - - - _a._ L. lanceolate, rigid. - -133. D. LURIDUS. Hornsch. St. ¼–1in. cæspitose; l., lower -ovate-lanceolate, upper larger and broader, with entire recurved -margins, keeled, acute, nerved (reddish) almost or quite to apex, areolæ -small roundish; caps. symmetrical oblong on a shortish seta twisted to -the right; lid conical pointed; per. teeth small irregular. - -Limestone walls, &c., rare. XII. - - - _b._ L. narrow, not rigid. - -134. D. CYLINDRICUS. B. & S. ¼–1in.; l. spreading flexuose, -linear-lanceolate, margin undulate and minutely crenulate; areolæ small -opaque, gradually enlarged towards the base, there diaphanous; caps. -erect, narrow, cylindrical; lid long conico-rostrate, per. teeth -linear-lanceolate, fugacious. - -Damp shady rocks. E. S. & I. X. - - -135. D. FLEXIFOLIUS. Hook. & Tayl. Barren stems long trailing, fertile -½in; l. spreading, flexuose, more so when dry, oblong or ligulate, -margin reflexed below, and serrate at apex, nerve not reaching apex; -areolæ round; caps. small cylindrical, somewhat curved, lid with a short -beak; per. teeth short. - -High moorlands, Buxton, Alderley Edge, Ben Ledi. III. IV. - - var. _gemmescens._ Mitt. MS. Nerve excurrent into an apiculus, which - bears a cluster of egg-shaped or oblong gemmæ. - -Old thatch, Amberley, Sussex (Mitten). - - -136. D. RECURVIFOLIUS. Tayl. “Stems elongate, loosely cæspitose; l. -squarrose, crisped and undulate when dry; elliptic-oblong or ligulate, -pale margined serrulate, nerve sub-excurrent; areolæ small dense opaque, -elongate and pellucid at base.” Ireland, 1842; fruit not known (Wilson). - - - 26. TRICHOSTOMUM. BR. & S. - - - SECT. I. L. lanceolate or ligulate: dioicous. - -137. T. TOPHACEUM. Brid. St. ¼–1in. densely cæspitose, branches -fasciculate; l. lanceolate (the upper ones obtuse), concave keeled, -margins recurved; nerve not reaching to apex; caps. sub-cylindrical -erect, regular; lid with an oblique beak; per. teeth variable, sometimes -only 16, somewhat fugacious. - -Moist places and rocks. XI. - - -138. T. BRACHYDONTIUM. Bruch. (_T. mutabile._ olim.) L. broader, -lanceolate or ligulate, crisped, not cucullate, margin slightly -undulate, nerve excurrent into a prominent mucro; caps. ovate-oblong -erect, regular; lid obliquely rostrate; per. teeth very short and -irregular. - - -139. T. CRISPULUM. Bruch. St. ¼–1in., l. lower lanceolate, distant; -upper crowded, longer, linear-lanceolate concave cucullate at apex, -crisped when dry; nerve prolonged into a short mucro; caps. oval, erect, -regular; lid with an oblique beak; perist. t. in unequal pairs. - -Limestone rocks near the sea; Ormes Head; Anglesea; Bristol. VI. VII. - - var. β. _brevifolium._ l. shorter, lanceolate, acuminate, caps. - smaller. - - γ. _angustifolium._ l. narrowly linear-lanceolate crowded, - apiculate. - - -140. T. FLAVO-VIRENS. Bruch. Müller. St. short, with innovations from -summit (interruptedly comose); l. oblong-ligulate, obtuse mucronate, -margins entire undulate incurved; fruit-stalk red, slightly flexuose; -thick nerve prolonged into a short mucro; caps. oblong-cylindrical pale -yellowish brown, with a red mouth; per. t. elongate, regular, in pairs. -Lid acuminate, half as long as caps. with an oblique beak. - -Shoreham, Sussex; Plymouth (Holmes), Malahide (Dr. Moore). [W. Mitten. -Jour. Bot., VI., p. 97.] - - -141. T. LITTORALE. Mitten. St. elongate, tufted, more or less -interruptedly comose; l. erecto-patent, oblong-ligulate obtuse, -channelled, recurved towards apex, with nerve excurrent into a short -mucro; basal cells hyaline oblong and rectangular. - -Ireland; Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; Hastings, (loc. cit. p. 99.) - - -142. T. (DITRICHUM) TENUE. Hedw. Dwarf, branched. L. from an erect base, -patent or secund, narrowly lanceolate, uppermost lanceolate-subulate; -per. l. sheathing half their length, quite entire; caps. oblong erect or -a little curved, lid conic rostrate. - -Carn Lochan and Mael Girdy, 1863 (Crombie); Clova (Fergusson). [Dr. -Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. VIII. 228.] - - β. _glaciale._ in long broad tufts with broader erecto-patent - leaves. (This is _Ditrichum zonatum_ Lorenz.) - - - SECT. II. L. subulate from a lanceolate base. - - - _A. dioicous._ - -143. T. TORTILE. Schrad. St. ¼in. gregarious, sub-flexuose; l. mostly -secund, somewhat falcate, margin reflexed, nerve excurrent into the -slightly toothed apex; caps. small cylindrical, erect, regular or -curved; lid conical, slightly rostrate; per. teeth irregular, purplish -red. - -Sandy places, rare; Belfast, Yorkshire, Sussex. X. XI. - - -144. T. FLEXICAULE. Br. & S. St. 1–3in. flexuose, cæspitose, with -fastigiate branches; l. longer and more setaceous than in last, -flexuose, concave, usually secund, nerve broad, excurrent, toothed at -apex; caps. erect, small, ovate-oblong; annulus present; per. teeth long -irregular. - -Scotch and Derbyshire mountains (calcareous). VI. - - var. β. _densum._ densely cæspitose; l. straighter. - - -145. T. HOMOMALLUM. B. & S. St. scarcely ½in. cæspitose; l. -subulato-setaceous from a broadish base, mostly secund, nerve broad, -much excurrent; caps. erect oblong-ovate, brown on a long red seta; -annulus present; lid short conical obtuse; basilar membrane of perist. -very narrow. - -Sandy banks. Autumn. - - - B. _monoicous._ - -146. T. SUBULATUM. Bruch. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. subulato-setaceous from -an ovate base, spreading or somewhat secund, with a long excurrent -nerve; caps. oval, lid large obliquely rostellate; seta somewhat -flexuose; annulus none; basilar membrane very narrow; antheridia -axillary naked. - -Cornwall (Rev.—Tozer). Spring. - - -147. T. GLAUCESCENS. Hedw. St. ½in., branches fastigiate; l. glaucous, -linear-lanceolate, margin plane (upper crowded into a tuft or coma), -nerve sometimes excurrent into the denticulate apex; caps. oblong-oval, -pale brown, with a long beaked lid; basilar membrane very narrow; barren -fl. gemmiform. - -Scotch mountains. Summer. - - - 27. TORTULA. SCHREB. - - -SECT. I. ALOIDELLA. L. rigid, covered on the upper side with articulated - cellular filaments or gemmæ arising from the broad nerve. - -148. T. STELLATA. Schreb. 1771. (_T. rigida._ Schultz,) St. minute, -loosely cæspitose; l. spreading from an upright base oblong obtuse, -margin inflexed membranaceous; caps. erect elliptical; lid with a long -oblique beak; calyp. half as large as capsule; per. teeth long, and much -twisted; dioicous. - -Limestone walls. XI. XII. - - -149. T. AMBIGUA. Br. & S. (larger in all its parts than last.) L. -ligulate lanceolate, apex cucullate, margin incurved; caps. erect -cylindrical; lid rostrate; calyp. very short; per. teeth filiform, -little twisted; arcuato-incurved when dry: dioicous. - -Walls and banks (marly). XI. XII. - - -150. T. ALOIDES. Br. & S. St. as above; l. spreading, narrowly -lanceolate, acute, with a strong nerve; caps. cylindrical inclined; lid -conical, bluntly rostrate; per. teeth scarcely twisted, when dry widely -spreading: dioicous. - -Clay banks. XI. XII. - - - SECT. II. CUNEIFOLIÆ. L. broadly or spathulato-lanceolate. - -151. T. LAMELLATA. Lindb. (_Pottia cavifolia_ var. _gracilis_. Bry. -Brit.) St. very short cæspitose; l. rather lax erecto-patent, concave, -lower smaller, roundish oval, piliferous, upper larger oval spathulate, -nerve excurrent into mucro; caps. oblong sub-cylindrical, striate when -dry, on a long red seta; lid with a long rather oblique beak; perist. -that of a true _Tortula_, but so fragile as to have escaped notice, and -always falling off with the operculum according to Dr. Schimper; -monoicous. - -Banks and walls, Oxford (Boswell), Pontefract, Edinburgh (Nowell); -Aldrington (Davies). II. - -152. T. ATROVIRENS. Smith. Lindb. [_Didymodon nervosus_, Hook. & T. -_Desmatodon nervosus_, Bry. Brit.] St. ¼in. densely cæspitose, branched; -l. spreading oval or oblong concave, margins revolute, nerve thick, -prolonged into a short mucro; areolæ small roundish larger and -diaphanous at base; caps. oval-oblong, lid large conical with an oblique -beak. - -Dry banks, &c., near the sea. - - -153. T. CUNEIFOLIA. Dicks. Gregarious; st. simple; l. upper crowded -oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, nerve sometimes excurrent, soft, pellucid, -areolæ loose; lower broadly ovate aristate; caps. oblong erect, lid -obtuse short; basilar membrane of perist. broadish: monoicous. - -Banks, sea coast, rare. III. IV. - - -154. T. MARGINATA. B. & S. St. simple gregarious or cæspitose; l. -oblong-lanceolate or linear, margin thickened, nerve sometimes excurrent -into a mucro; caps. oblong, lid very large, shortly rostrate; basilar -membrane narrow. - -Sandstone walls, rare. V. VI. - - -155. T. VAHLIANA. Schultz. Small, gregarious or cæspitose; l. lower -oblong, upper oblong wedge-shaped, nerve excurrent subulate, margin -reflexed; caps. narrow elongate cylindrical, brown, sometimes slightly -incurved; lid shortly subulate, annulus broad; basilar membrane of -perist. tesselate: monoicous. Differs from _muralis_ in its broader -softer leaves, narrower capsule, and longer basilar tube. - -Damp clayey ground, on road sides, &c. Spring. - -Sussex, 1863 (G. Davies); Woking, Surrey (Sheppard and Westell.) - - var. β. _subflaccida._ (_T. oblongifolia_, Bry. Brit.) L. with margins - more or less revolute, crenulate, with minute papillæ. - - -156. T. CANESCENS. Br. Simple gregarious or cæspitose, hoary; l. lower -obovate, upper oval-oblong, all concave, with a recurved margin, and -nerve excurrent into a long hair-like point; caps. small oblong erect, -with a long oblique conical lid; basilar membrane broadish: monoicous. - -Fairlight Glen, Hastings. (Mr. Jenner). - - -157. T. MURALIS. Timm. Short, cæspitose; l. oblong obtuse, margin -recurved, nerve excurrent into a long hair-like point; caps. oblong -erect, with a long rostellate lid; basilar membrane narrow: monoicous. - - var. β. _incana._ caps. small; l. oval-lanceolate, with long hair - points. - - γ. _æstiva._ l. long linear-lanceolate, nerve scarcely excurrent. - - δ. _rupestris._ larger and much branched; l. larger oblong, - piliferous, caps. longer, curved. - -Walls and stones (δ limestone). IV. V. - - - SECT. III. BARBULA. L. naked, narrowly or ovate-lanceolate, in some - species slightly cirrhate when dry. - -158. T. MUCRONATA. Brid. [_Cinclidotus riparius_ β. _terrestris_. Bry. -Brit.] St. 1–2in. radiculose, branches fastigiate; l. erecto-patent, -long lingulate, concave, minutely papillose on both sides, margin -slightly recurved, nerve thick excurrent into a mucro; areolæ upper -minute, rectangular and hyaline at base; caps. erect cylindrical -incurved, lid with an oblique beak: dioicous. - -Stones in streams. Anglesea, Bristol, Surrey, Sussex, in fr. (Davies.) -IV. - - -159. T. UNGUICULATA. Hedw. St. ⅛–1in. cæspitose, dichotomous; l. -oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, margin recurved, nerve excurrent into a short -mucro; caps. oblong-cylindrical erect on a long reddish seta; lid with a -subulate beak: dioicous. - -Clay banks and hedges. XII. - - var. β. _cuspidata._ stems shorter, l. narrower, with a longer mucro. - - γ. _apiculata._ l. spreading recurved, mucro long. - - δ. _microcarpa._ caps. small oval or oval-oblong. - - ε. _obtusifolia._ more robust, l. shorter, broader obtuse, mucro - almost or altogether absent; caps. sub-cylindrical. - - ζ. _fastigiata._ with long fastigiate innovations; l. larger, - slightly undulate. - - -160. T. CONVOLUTA. Hedw. Cæspitose; l. spreading oblong-lanceolate, -plane or somewhat undulate in margin, nerve not excurrent; per. l. -strongly convolute, sheathing; caps. inclined oblong-ovate, on a -yellowish seta; lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous. - -Walls, &c. V. VI. - - -161. T. REVOLUTA. Schwaeg. Densely cæspitose, l. crowded erecto-patent -oblong-lanceolate, nerve excurrent from the blunt apex, margin strongly -revolute; caps. reddish brown oval-oblong, with a scarcely oblique lid; -seta red: dioicous. - -Walls, mostly limestone. V. - - -162. T. HORNSCHUCHIANA. Schultz. Loosely cæspitose, l. crowded, -spreading, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to an acute point, -formed by slightly excurrent nerve, margins slightly revolute; caps. -oblong slightly curved, annulus narrow: dioicous. - -Rocks, walls, and banks, not common. IV. V. - - -163. T. VINEALIS. Brid. St. more tufted than in _T. fallax_; l. strictly -patent with a stouter nerve, which is obscure towards the acute apex; -the latter usually tipped with a pointed hyaline cell; appressed when -dry, not crisped or contorted; caps. sub-cylindrical: dioicous. (W. -Mitten, in Jour. Bot. v. 324.) - -Walls. IV. V. - - -164. T. INSULANA. De Not. (_T. vinealis_ β. _flaccida_. Bryol. Brit. -124.) St. loosely cæspitose; l. linear-subulate from a lanceolate -appressed base, recurved or hooked, obliquely patent, acute, margin -recurved below, above plane, nerve excurrent; contorted when dry; caps. -oblong erect; lid conical attenuate, somewhat obtuse, half as long as -capsule: rare in fruit. (loc. cit. 328.) - -England and Ireland. - - -* [T. GRACILIS. Schw. Stem cæspitose, branches fastigiate; “l. -erecto-patent, imbricated when dry, carinato-concave, margin recurved, -nerve excurrent; per. l. larger, sheathing subulate, and flexuose at -apex; caps. ovate-oblong or ovate; perist. scarcely contorted, with a -broadish basilar membrane.”—Wils. Bryol. Brit. p. 123. Inserted from -Wilson, but has not yet been certainly found in Britain.] - - Spring. - - -165. T. RIGIDULA. Hedw. (_Trichost. rigidulum_, var. β. _densum_. Bryol. -Brit. 114.) l. lanceolate carinate, rigid, bristly, not appressed and -imbricate, when dry slightly curved and loosely contorted; nerve stout -continued into a thick obscure point, not really excurrent; fruit -similar to No. 164. (loc. cit. 327.) - -Scotland, York, Sussex, and Cornwall. - - -166. T. SPADICEA. Mitt. (_Trichostomum rigidulum._ Bryol. Brit., p. -114.) St. robust 1–2in.; l. patent from the base, lanceolate-subulate, -canaliculate, margin recurved below; incurved and closely imbricate when -dry; nerve percurrent and distinct to apex; per. l. lower half erect -broadly ovate, upper narrow, recurved; caps. erect cylindrical on a red -seta; lid shortly subulate, twisted; teeth narrow, on a short membrane: -dioicous. (loc. cit., p. 326.) - -Rocks and stones near water. Scotland, Ireland, Bolton Abbey. Autumn, -Winter. - - -167. T. FALLAX. Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate from a -broadish base, keeled, margin recurved, somewhat squarrose, gradually -tapering and nerved to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. variable both in -size and shape, usually sub-cylindrical, with an obtuse rostrate lid -often as long as itself: dioicous. - -Clay and limestone banks. XI. XII. - - -168. T. REFLEXA. Brid. [_T. fallax._ δ. Bry. Brit.] St. loosely -cæspitose; l. tristichous, recurved and falcate, slightly twisted, from -an oblong base lanceolate, keeled, strongly papillose on both sides, -margin reflexed below, nerve vanishing below apex; caps. erect -cylindrical regular; lid subulate beaked: dioicous. - - -Calcareous rocks and walls, rare in fr. - -Scotland, Yorkshire, Derbyshire; Rydal Water (Baker). [Dr. Braithwaite, -Jour. of Bot. IX., 293.] - - -169. T. RUFA. (Lorenz). Braithwaite. “St. 2–5in. often prostrate at -base, sparingly dichotomous, dense leaved. L. recurved when moist, solid -from an ovate base lanceolate, gradually apiculate, margin strongly -recurved, nerve vanishing just below apex; cells at base rhomboid -pellucid, at apex minute quadrate papillose. Reported from Ben Lawers by -Dr. Stirton, but I have not seen British specimens.”—[Dr. Braithwaite, -l. c. 293.] - - -170. T. RECURVIFOLIA. Mitt. (_T. gigantea_, Lindb.). “In large fuscous -green tufts, blackish brown at base. St. 3–8in. simple or bi-tripartite, -robust dense leaved, with a few radicles. L. trifarious -squarroso-recurved, when dry twisted and crisped, elongate lanceolate -concave, margin strongly revolute, nerve strong, reaching apex; basal -cells elongate with sinuous walls, above irregularly stellate.” (l. c. -293.) - -Dripping alpine rocks. Ben Bulben, Sligo (Moore). - -Buxton in fruit, June, 1865. G. E. Hunt. - - - SECT. IV. SYNTRICHIA. Lower portion of peristome forming a long tube. - -171. T. PRINCEPS. De Not. (_T. Mulleri._ B. & S.) St. 1–2in., cæspitose, -with brownish radicles; l. erecto-patent, oblong broad, concave, -fawn-coloured, margin reflexed; nerve excurrent into a short scabrous -hair point from a rounded obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, straight or -curved on a purplish seta; one-half perist. tubular: synoicous. - -Rocks, Scotland. Spring. - - -172. T. RURALIS. Hedw. Cæspitose, branches dichotomous; l. squarrose, -recurved ovate-oblong keeled, nerve excurrent into a long scabrous hair -point from the acute apex, margin slightly recurved; caps. -sub-cylindrical slightly curved; quite one-half perist. tubular; lid -long conical: dioicous. - -Walls and roofs. III. IV. - - -173. T. LÆVIPILA. Brid. Cæspitose; l. spreading obovate-oblong or almost -panduriform, margin slightly recurved below, nerve reddish, excurrent -into a longish white hair point from the obtuse apex; caps. cylindrical, -slightly curved, lid conical; one-third perist. tubular: monoicous. - -Trunks of trees and rocks. V. VI. - - -174. T. INTERMEDIA. Brid. (_T. ruralis_ β _minor_, Wils. Bry. Brit.) -Smaller and densely cæspitose or sub-pulvinate; l. erecto-patent, oblong -spathulate apex obtuse, nerve excurrent into a long scabrous hair point; -caps. shorter than in 172: dioicous. - -Limestone walls, Scotland and N. Wales. Spring. - - -175. T. PAPILLOSA. Wils. Cæspitose; l. spreading obovate concave, margin -plane (involute when dry), nerve thick papillose on the back, and -excurrent into a smooth hair point from suddenly tapering apex; a few -hyaline cells at base: fr. not known. - -Wales, Sussex, and Hampshire. - - -176. T. LATIFOLIA. B. & S. L. obovate-spathulate or almost panduriform, -soft and flaccid, with a scarcely excurrent nerve, notched at the obtuse -apex; caps. cylindrical slightly curved, with a long rostrate lid; quite -one-third of perist. tubular; annulus small: dioicous. - -Roots of trees, stones, &c.; fruit rare. Spring. - - -177. T. SUBULATA. Brid. Cæspitose, simple or branched; l. -oblong-lanceolate, narrowed and pellucid at base, margin plane, -sometimes with a row of larger cells, nerve excurrent into a short -mucro, apex sometimes slightly toothed; caps. very long cylindrical -curved with a short lid; half peristome tubular: monoicous. - -Sandy hedge banks, walls, &c. V. VI. - - - SECT. V. TORTUOSÆ. L. strongly twisted and cirrhate when dry. - -178. T. TORTUOSA. W. & M. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. very long -linear-lanceolate, crowded flexuose, margin plane and undulated, with an -excurrent nerve; per. l. narrow and tapering cirrhate; caps. straight or -incurved, erect or inclined, ovate-oblong, on a longish seta: dioicous. - -Limestone rocks, Derbyshire. VII. - - -179. T. HIBERNICA. Mitt. St. 2in. branched; l. at apices of branches -sub-comose and stellate; base dilated and clasping above, thence patent -or patenti-divergent, straight, rarely incurved or recurved, channelled, -cirrhate when dry; ovate-lanceolate below, thence lineal-subulate, -acute, nerve yellow continued to apex. (loc. cit. p. 329.) - -Mountains near Dunkerran, common, but always sterile. (Dr. Taylor.) - - -180. T. NITIDA. Lindb. 1864. (_Trichost. diffractum_, Mitt. 1868.) -Dioicous, densely pulvinate: stem rigid branched; l. crowded -erecto-patent, arcuate when dry, more or less elongate, oblong, obtuse, -channelled, margin plane slightly undulate, nerve terete prominent on -back, excurrent; areolation minute, loose and cuneiform at base; fr. not -known. (l. c. IX., 294.) - -Clifton, Torquay, Plymouth. - - -181. T. SINUOSA. Mitt. Jour. of Bot. V., 327. (_Dicranella_, Wils. MS.; -_Trichostomum_, Lindb.) Densely cæspitose, fuscous below, l. long -linear-lanceolate or subulate patent from a very short pellucid base, -margin slightly recurved below, above denticulate, nerve continued into -a thick obscure blunt point, often broken off; basilar cells all oblong -and rectangular; fr. not known. - -Shady places at roots of trees, Sussex, Cornwall, Bangor. - - -182. T. FRAGILIS. Wils. (_Trichostomum_, Müll. Syn.) Stem erect simple -or dichotomously branched, radiculose tomentose at base; l. crowded -lanceolate-subulate, nerve excurrent, margins plane; areolæ minute, -large and hyaline at base; caps. erect, ovate-oblong, regular or -slightly incurved; lid conical with a long oblique beak; fruit rare. (l. -c. IX., 294.) - -Clefts of rocks and on the ground. Ben Lawers. - - Summer. - -183. T. SQUARROSA. De Not. St. 1in. cæspitose; l. squarrose, lanceolate, -recurved, with a broad sheathing base, margin undulate, with large -diaphanous cells, somewhat serrulate at apex; nerve scarcely excurrent; -capsule sub-cylindrical, narrow, slightly curved; lid conical, half as -long as capsule; seta 1in. long: dioicous. - -Chalk. Ireland and S. of England; fr. not known in this country. - - - 28. CINCLIDOTUS. B. & S. - -[C. RIPARIUS. Walker Arnott. Acrocarpous; branches fasciculate; “l. -spreading oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with thickened margins, very -shortly mucronate, nerve excurrent; caps. exserted on a short thick -pedicel, elliptic-oblong; lid obliquely conico-rostrate; perist. with -numerous subdivisions.”] Bry. Brit. 138. - -Not found in Britain, but IV. - - var. β. _terrestris_ has been frequently found, and is now referred to - _Tortula mucronata_, to which refer. - - -184. C. FONTINALOIDES. P. Beauv. Cladocarpous; st. 2–5in., in long -straggling tufts, generally floating; l. crowded, spreading, flexuose, -lanceolate, acute, with a thickened margin and strong excurrent nerve; -per. l. larger sheathing ovate-lanceolate, thinner; cap. immersed, with -a conical beaked lid; calyp. persistent, thick, split on one side. - -Stones in rivulets, &c. III. IV. - - - 29. ENCALYPTA. Schreb. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - - - 1. Peristome wanting. - -185. E. COMMUTATA. N. & H. Stems about 1in. branched radiculose; l. -squarrose, from an erect ovate base lanceolate, concave, acute, nerve -excurrent; caps. smooth cylindrical, with a long beaked lid; calyp. -jagged but not fringed at base. - -Alpine summits. Scotland. VII. VIII. - - - 2. Peristome single. - -186. E. VULGARIS. Hedw. St. about ½in. branched, radiculose; l. -spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, acute or obtuse, nerve sometimes -excurrent; margin plane; caps. smooth cylindrical; base of calyptra -entire; perist. very fugacious. - -Limestone walls, rocks, &c. III. IV. - - var. β. perist. none, leaves apiculate (common). - - γ. perist. none, l. obtuse and concave at apex. - - δ. perist. none, l. obtuse; caps. oblique. - - ε. perist. none, l. piliferous. - - -187. E. CILIATA. Hedw. St. about ½in. radiculose; l. oblong-ovate, -margin recurved below, and toothed near apex; gradually tapering to a -point formed by the excurrent nerve, undulate; caps. cylindrical, -smooth; perist. persistent; calyptra fringed at base. - -Sub-alpine rocks. VI. VII. - - -188. E. RHABDOCARPA. Schw. St. ½–1in. radiculose; l. spreading, erect -and crisped when dry, oblong-lanceolate, nerve generally more or less -excurrent into a mucro, margins plane; caps. oblong-cylindrical, -striate, ribbed when dry; perist. persistent; calyp. slightly toothed at -base, and roughish at apex. - -Mountains in Scotland and Ireland. VII. VIII. - - - _b._ Dioicous: perist. double. - -189. E. STREPTOCARPA. Hedw. St. 1–2in. radiculose; l. sub-erect, -ligulate, obtuse and cucullate at apex, nerve not excurrent; per. l. -lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base; caps. oblong narrowed above, -spirally striate, and twisted when dry; perist. outer teeth filiform, -inner cilia; calyp. toothed or fringed at base, and roughened at apex. - -Limestone and mortared walls; rare in fr. VIII. - - - 30. HEDWIGIA. Ehr. - -190. H. CILIATA. Hedw. Monoicous; dichotomously branched, rooting at -base only; l. crowded, spreading, sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate, -concave, margin recurved below, apex diaphanous, prolonged to a blunt -point and strongly toothed on each side; per. l. with apex laciniate; -caps. immersed globose; lid convex with a short beak; calyp. conical, -sometimes hairy. - -Rocks in mountainous districts. N. Wales, Arthur’s Seat, &c. III. - - -Bry. Brit, gives as varieties— - - β. _leucophæa._ l. more crowded and spreading, wider and with - longer diaphanous points. - - γ. _secunda._ procumbent slender; l. more distant, secund, - sub-muticous. - - δ. _viridis._ l. scarcely secund; spreading, deep green, scarcely - diaphanous at apex. - - ε. _striata._ l. plicate much recurved; lid conical. - - - 31. HEDWIGIDIUM. B. & S. - -191. H. IMBERBE. B. & S. St. 1–3in. irregularly, not dichotomously -branched, flagelliferous; l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, imbricate when -dry, margin recurved, apex not diaphanous, but slightly crenate; caps. -exserted on a short seta, spherical or obovate; lid with a blunt -slightly oblique beak; calyptra cucullate, reddish. - -Rocks. Wales and Ireland. X. XI. - - - 32. GRIMMIA. EHR. B. & S. - - - SECT. I. SCHISTIDIUM. Caps. smooth, immersed on a very short straight - seta, calyptra small, cleft at base into several lobes. - -192. G. CONFERTUM. B. & S. Cæspitose; intense green above, blackish -below; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering in the upper ones to a short hair -point; margins slightly recurved and thickened, nerve strong, deeply -channelled on its upper side; caps. small ovate, with a rostellate lid, -almost pellucid; per. teeth much perforated, pale or orange-red. - -Rocks, Scotland. II. III. - - β. _urceolare._ caps. urceolate; leaves with white points. - - γ. _obtusifolium._ l. all obtuse, shorter and broader. - - δ. _incana._ (_G. pruinosa._ Wils. MS.) more robust, per. l. - broader with long hair points; caps. more elongate, per. - teeth stronger, nearly entire red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. - Bot., N. S., vol. I., 195.] Trap rocks. King’s Park - (Greville); Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh (Bell); Fife (Howie). - -193. G. APOCARPUM. B. & S. Loosely cæspitose; l. spreading lanceolate -acuminate from an ovate erect base, upper ones with white points, -margins much recurved; nerve ceasing below apex; per. l. larger with a -thinner nerve; caps. elliptical, not pellucid, with an oblique beaked -lid; per. teeth dark red; calyptra divided at base. - -Rocks and walls, sometimes on trees. XI.–III. - - var. β. _gracile._ per. l. secund, others sub-secund or spreading, stem - decumbent elongated. - - γ. _rivulare._ st. fasciculate, l. ovate-lanceolate dark green - obtuse; caps. turbinate. (By streams.) - - δ. _strictum._ l. reddish brown, rigid. - - -194. G. MARITIMUM. B. & S. Cæspitose, dull green or brownish; l. rigid, -not hair-pointed, straight lanceolate acuminate, keeled; nerve strong, -reddish brown, excurrent, margin plane; caps. obovate with a rostellate -lid; per. teeth large and perforate. - -Rocks near the sea. Scotland. XI. XII. - - - SECT. II. GASTERO-GRIMMIA. Plants very short pulvinate; caps. slightly - emerging, ventricose on one side, on a short curved seta; calyptra - five-lobed or cucullate. - -195. G. ANODON. B. & S. In small hoary cushions; l. lower minute loosely -imbricate, ovate-lanceolate muticous, upper larger, broadly -oblong-lanceolate concave, nerve excurrent into long serrated hair; -basal cells elongate pellucid, above quadrate opaque; caps. immersed, -oval gymnostomous, strongly ventricose; lid plano-convex: monoicous. - -Walls and dry limestone rocks. Arthur’s Seat (Bell). - -196. G. CRINITA. Brid. In loose flat silky tufts; l. imbricate, lowest -lanceolate, muticous, upper obovate-oblong channelled, the broad -diaphanous apex continued into a long hair, nerve not reaching apex; -basal cells elongate diaphanous, upper large rounded thickened; caps. -ovate, lightly striate, sub-cernuous, furrowed when dry; lid convex with -an obtuse point; cal. dimidiate, two-lobed: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, -Jour. Bot. N. S., vol. I., 195.] - -Mortar of old walls and limestone rocks. Near Hatton, Warwick, 1872 (J. -Bagnall). - - - SECT. III. EU-GRIMMIA. L. ending in a hair point; caps. plicate, -exserted on a curved seta; cal. multifid at base, or with a single cleft - at side. - -197. G. ORBICULARIS. B. & S. Densely pulvinate; l. oblong-lanceolate, -rounded obtuse at apex, with nerve excurrent into a long hair point, -basal cellules large; caps. almost spherical drooping on a curved -yellowish seta, slightly striate; lid small convex; annulus narrow; per. -teeth trifid, more distantly barred than the next; calyptra dimidiate: -monoicous. - -Limestone rocks. II. III. - - -198. G. PULVINATA. Sm. Densely pulvinate; st. ½–1in. l. elliptic -lanceolate, margin recurved, apex rather obtuse, terminated by the nerve -excurrent into a long hair point; caps. drooping reddish brown, ovoid, -eight-furrowed; lid convex with a straight beak; calyptra lobed at base; -per. teeth dark red bi-trifid, annulus large: monoicous. - -Rocks and walls. III. IV. - - β. _obtusa._ lid short obtuse; caps. shorter. - -199. G. SCHULTZII. Brid. L. crowded, sub-secund, lanceolate, tapering -into a long rough diaphanous point, margins recurved; caps. slightly -obovate, furrowed, on a very short curved seta; annulus large; per. -teeth long tapering, deeply bifid; monoicous. - -Sub-alpine rocks. E. S. W. IV. V. - - -200. G. SUBSQUARROSA. Wils. MS. Dr. F. B. White. Bot. Soc. Edin. Trans, -IX., 142. In lax dark green tufts, fuscous at base; st. ⅓–¾in. with -dichotomous short curved branches; l. patent squarrose, erect and -appressed when dry, lowest from an ovate base gradually lanceolate, -muticous, upper longer and extended into a long denticulate hair point, -nerve strong, margin recurved; basal cells quadrate hyaline, marginal -narrow and elongate, above minute rounded quadrate. Fr. not known. [Dr. -Braithwaite, l. c., p. 196.] - -Rocks. Kinnoul Hill, Perth (Dr. B. White); Moncrieff Hill (Dr. Stirton); -Arthur’s Seat and Braid Hills, &c. - - -201. G. ROBUSTA. Fergusson MS. In large loose tufts, black below, dark -green and hoary above; br. fastigiate; l. erecto-patent, appressed when -dry, keeled at back with the strong nerve, margin recurved below; lower -short muticous, lanceolate from a contracted ovate base, upper longer, -gradually tapering into a long smooth hair point; cells quadrate -thickened, at centre of base longer, with a single row at margin of -basal wing hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 196.] - -Alpine rocks. Clova (Fergusson); Fairhead, Ireland, (Dr. Moore); -Cardross and Bowling (Dr. Stirton); Ross-shire (Hunt). - -202. G. CONTORTA. Wahl. In small deep green soft tufts, black below and -radiculose; l. patent incurved, curled when dry, lineal subulate from a -lanceolate base, with short diaphanous hair points, keeled, margin -recurved below: basal cells diaphanous elongate hexagono-rectangular, -above sinuous and quadrate; per. l. erect sheathing; caps. small oval -smooth yellowish, cernuous on a sub-arcuate seta, erect when dry, lid -convex conical obtuse orange-red: dioicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. -197; Schp. Syn. 210.] - -Quartz rocks. Cheviots (Hardy); Cloch-na-ben (Sim); Glen Callater, &c. -(Fergusson). - - -203. G. TORQUATA. Grev. (_G. torta._ N. & H. Bry. Brit.) Loosely tufted -elongate; st. 1–2in. dichotomous; l. lanceolate acuminate, spirally -twisted when dry, channelled, occasionally hair-pointed; fruct. not -known. - -Alpine rocks. E. I. S. - - -204. G. FUNALIS. Schwgn. (_G. spiralis._ H. & T. Bry. Brit.) Densely -pulvinate; st. ½–1in. slender; l. oblong or ovate-lanceolate, -erecto-patent, upper ones tapering into a long hair point, nerve not -excurrent; caps. ovoid, smooth, eight-furrowed when dry; lid short -apiculate; annulus large compound; calyp. five-lobed at base; per. teeth -closely bifid: dioicous. - -Dry alpine rocks. E. S. I. X. XI. - - -205. G. MUHLENBECKII. Schpr. Loosely pulvinate and cæspitose; st. tall -erect or procumbent dichotomous and rooting at base; l. densely crowded, -patulous, erect when dry, elongate-lanceolate, keeled with the strong -nerve, margin plane, lower with a short, upper with a long, rough hair -point with recurved teeth; basal cells elongate, upper rounded quadrate; -caps. small oval glossy, rugulose when dry yellowish brown, lid convex -with a short beak, red. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., p. 197. Schp. Syn. p. -212.] VII. - - -206. G. TRICHOPHYLLA. Grev. Loose yellowish green tufts, ¼–1in. l. -linear-lanceolate from an erect base, flexuose, tapering into a long -diaphanous point, margin recurved at base, nerve not excurrent; caps. -ovate-oblong, furrowed when dry, lid with a long straight beak; annulus -larger; per. teeth bifid; calyp. lobed: dioicous. - -Walls. E. S. I. IV. V. - - -207. G. HARTMANNII. Schp. Loosely cæspitose, green above, black below; -st. elongate procumbent rigid, arcuate ascending, dichotomous; l. -elongate-lanceolate; upper ones secund, prolonged into a short smooth -hair point, somewhat concave, margin more or less recurved; basal cells -sinuouso-rectangular hyaline, above quadrate opaque; fruit not known. -[Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. p. 197. Sch. Syn. 214.] - -Shaded quartzose rocks. Wales and Scotland. - - -208. G. ELATIOR. B. & S. Robust, loosely cæspitose; fuscous green, hoary -at top; st. sparingly branched elongate, from decumbent naked base -ascending; l. very long curved patent, from oblong carinato-concave base -longly lanceolate, margin revolute, ending in a long smoothish hair -point; basal cells linear-rectangular, wider towards margin, above -rounded opaque; caps. ovate ten-ribbed, when dry oblong deeply furrowed; -lid conical muticous or sub-aciculate: dioicous. [Bry. Eur. III. Dr. -Braithwaite, l. c. 197.] - -Granite rocks. Clova, 1868 (Fergusson). - - -SECT. IV. GUEMBELLIA. L. not curling, generally piliferous; caps. smooth - on a straight seta; cal. multifid at base or cucullate. - -209. G. DONNIANA. Sm. Stems ¼–½in. tufted, l. erecto-patent, lanceolate -elongate narrow, tapering into a roughened hair point, margin plane; -per. l. longer; caps. erect oval-oblong, slightly exserted, pale -yellowish brown, lid obtuse conical; annulus small; per. teeth broad, -sometimes perforate: monoicous. - -Mountain rocks and walls. E. S. W. III. IV. X. - - var. β. _sudetica._ l. with longer hair points; caps. immersed; lid - conico-acuminate. - - γ. _elongata._ l. scarcely hair-pointed, caps. on a longish seta. - - -210. G. UNGERI. Juratzka. Compact irregular blackish green, hoary tufts; -st. short simple or dichotomous; l. erecto-patulous, lower smaller -muticous, upper larger lanceolate from an obovate base, ending in a long -smooth hair point, margin plane; basal cells quadrate hyaline, above -quadrate, then opaque and indistinct; caps. small oval smooth, without -annulus, exserted on an erect pale brown seta; lid conical obtuse, -calyp. cucullate: monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c., 198.] - -On earth in crevices of rocks at 1600 feet at Ballater (Rev. J. -Fergusson). - - -211. G. OVATA. W. & M. St. ½in. or more, branched fastigiate; l. -spreading, erect when dry, lanceolate tapering into a roughish -hair-point, nerve broad indistinct, margin recurved below; caps. ovoid -erect exserted reddish brown, annulus large, lid rostellate, with a -groove round its base; per. teeth narrow, cleft and perforate: -monoicous. - -Alpine rocks. Breadalbane and Clova; Snowdon; Charnwood Forest. X.—III. - - -212. G. LEUCOPHEA. Grey. Dark green hoary tufts; st. ½in.; l. erect, -spreading, when dry closely imbricate, upper ovate or elliptical -concave, with very long hair points and plane margins, lower ones -muticous; caps. smooth elliptical or oblong erect, exserted, with a -short conico-rostellate lid, and large dehiscent annulus: dioicous. - -Scotland, Devon. IV. - - -213. G. COMMUTATA. Hueb. Loosely tufted, blackish green, hoary at top; -stems slender flexuose, naked below; l. lower small loosely imbricate, -upper much longer ovate-lanceolate, from a broad upright base declining, -shortly hair-pointed; per. l. three internal erect sheathing, longly -pointed; basal cells rectangular, upper quadrate; caps. ovate or -ovate-globose erect, smooth, exserted, lid acutely and obliquely -rostrate, annulus broad. [Schp. Syn. p. 109. Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. -198.] - -Dry quartzose rocks. Moncreiff Hill, Perth (Dr. Stirton); Dunkeld (Dr. -B. White); Clova, in fr. (Fergusson.) - - Spring. - - -214. G. MONTANA. B. & S. St. slender dichotomous; l. erecto-patent -oblong-lanceolate with a long hair-point, very concave, margin erect; -basal cells diaphanous quadrato-hexagonal, above minute rounded -thickened opaque; caps. erect on a short seta, ovate small brown very -smooth; lid, obliquely rostrate; calyptra large cucullate long beaked, -annulus simple; per. teeth irregularly torn. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. -199.] - -Sandstone and granite rocks. Deeside, Aberdeenshire, 1869 (Prof. Barker -and Mr. Roy); Bolt Head, Devonshire, in fruit (Mr. Holmes). - - -215. G. ELONGATA. Kaulfuss. In loose cushioned tufts, black below, -innovations olive green with hoary tips. St. slender, repeatedly -dichotomous, naked below without radicles. L. patulous, lower lanceolate -muticous, upper elongate-lanceolate obtuse with the apex diaphanous, -margin erect, basal cells rectangular hyaline at margin, becoming minute -and quadrate above; caps. ovate erect smooth pale brown, on a straight -seta; lid conical obtuse, annulus narrow; per. t. lanceolate red entire -or slightly perforate; calyp. multifid, long beaked. (Dr. Braithwaite, -l. c. 199.) - -Alpine rocks. Glen Callater and Glen Phee, Clova, 1868 (Fergusson); near -Glasgow (Dr. Stirton). - - -216. G. UNICOLOR. Grev. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose, naked below; -branches brittle flexuose; l. erect channelled lanceolate-subulate from -an ovate base, obtuse, not hair-pointed, rigid, margin incurved, broadly -nerved to apex; caps. ovate, nearly erect, with a large annulus and a -long straight or slightly inclined beak: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks, Clova. IV. (?) - - -217. G. ATRATA. Miel. St. cæspitose, 1–2in., l. blackish, rigid, -erecto-patent lanceolate-subulate, carinate, margin reflexed, scarcely -so obtuse as the last, with a thinner nerve scarcely reaching to apex. -Caps. elliptic-oblong on a longer seta, with a large annulus and short -rostellate lid: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks. Snowdon, Glen Callater. X.–IV. - - - 33. RACOMITRIUM. B. & S. - - - A. Dichotomously branched, innovations simple fastigiate. - -218. R. (DRYPTODON) PATENS. Bridel. Bry. Univ., I., 192. (_Grimmia -patens._ Bry. Brit., p. 158.) In dark green or fuscous tufts; st. 2–4in. -branched, decumbent and naked below; l. spreading or slightly secund, -oblong-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a blunt apex, margin recurved -below, nerve strong two-winged at back; per. l. shorter; caps. almost -obovate smooth, furrowed when dry, on a pale flexuose seta; annulus -large; cal. five-lobed: dioicous. - -Moist alpine rocks. S. I. W. IV. V. - - -219. R. ELLIPTICUM. B. & S. Blackish rigid tufts; st. 1in. decumbent and -naked below; l. spreading from an erect base lanceolate oblong, strongly -nerved to apex, margins plane thickened; caps. erect roundish smooth, on -a short thick seta; lid large conical with a long slender subulate beak: -dioicous. - -Moist alpine rocks. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. XI.—IV. - - -220. R. ACICULARE. Brid. St. 1–3in. cæspitose, decumbent and naked at -base, branches very leafy; l. spreading or secund, ovate-oblong or -broadly lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes toothed at apex, to which the -nerve does not reach; caps. erect oblong smooth, with a small mouth, and -on a longer and thinner seta, lid with a long straight subulate beak: -dioicous. - -Wet mountainous rocks by streams. XI.—IV. - - var. β. _denticulatum._ l. distinctly and distantly toothed at apex. - -221. R. PROTENSUM. A. Braun. St. less rigid than last, and leafy at -base; l. generally secund lanceolate-subulate obtuse, nerved to apex; -per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cylindrical thinner, on a pale seta; lid -with a long subulate beak; calyp. lobed at base; dioicous. - -Moist alpine rocks. Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire. IV. - - -222. R. SUDETICUM. B. & S. St. slender, decumbent and naked at base, l. -spreading recurved keeled lanceolate tapering into a long whitish -diaphanous denticulate point; caps. small ovoid on a short seta, lid -with a shorter acute beak. IV. - - - B. Branches irregular, with lateral ramuli; innov. not fastigiate. - - - * L. without diaphanous points. - -223. R. FASCICULARE. Brid. St. 1–2in., decumbent at base, with upright -innovations, fasciculate; l. crowded, from a broadish erect base -lanceolate spreading, muticous, margins recurved, areolæ long narrow -sinuous; caps. elliptical with a long subulate lid; calyp. copiously -papillose. - -Rocks. III. - - - * * L. with diaphanous points. - -224. R. HETEROSTICHUM. Brid. St. ½–1in., base decumbent, branches -scarcely fasciculate; l. sometimes secund, lanceolate tapering to a long -white denticulate point, margin recurved, areolæ long and sinuous below, -above sub-quadrate; caps. sub-cylindrical, mouth very small; calyp. -somewhat papillose at apex only; lid short obliquely rostrate. - -Rocks and walls. E. W. I. III. - - var. β. _alopecurum._ l. with short hair points; caps. smaller. - - γ. _gracilescens._ l. obtuse, caps. small, on a short seta. - - -225. R. MICROCARPON. Brid. St. slender fasciculate with short branches; -l. spreading falcato-secund, lanceolate tapering to a short point, -areolæ all long and sinuous; caps. small ovate, thin and pale, with a -robust rostrate lid. - -Highlands of Scotland. - - -226. R. LANUGINOSUM. Brid. St. very long and slender, fasciculate; l. -lanceolate tapering into a long strongly dentate point, sometimes secund -or spreading from an erect base; areolæ sinuous; caps. small ovoid, on a -short roughish seta, and with a long straight rostrate lid; calyp. -papillose above. - -Mountains, walls, rocks, and heaths. III. - - -227. R. CANESCENS. Brid. St. 2–4in. decumbent at base; l. -ovate-lanceolate tapering into a long denticulate point, recurved from -an erect base, areolæ sinuous; caps. ovoid eight-striate when dry, with -a very long subulate lid; calyp. papillose above. - -Stony and sandy heaths. III. - - var. β. _prolixum._ older innovations only with fasciculate ramuli. - - γ. _ericoides._ covered with fasciculate ramuli; l. squarrose. - - - 34. GLYPHOMITRIUM. SCHWG. - -228. G. DAVIESII. Schwg. St. ½in. cæspitose; l. linear-lanceolate -spreading entire, margin thickened and reflexed below, strongly nerved -to apex, areolæ minute, larger at base; caps. erect, almost globose, -with a reddish mouth and long rostrate lid; per. teeth converging when -moist, reflexed when dry; calyp. large, laciniate at base. - -Clefts of rocks. VI. VII. - -Giant’s Causeway; Llanberis; Glenarbuck, May, 1863 (W. Galt and -McCartney); New Kilpatrick, Killin (McKinlay); Ardtun Mull (Dr. Black); -Skye (Hunt); Blairlogie; Craigallion; Campsie Hills (Thompson and Galt). - - - 35. PTYCHOMITRIUM. B. & S. - -229. P. POLYPHYLLUM. B. & S. St. ½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate from -a broadish base, spreading, nerved to the dentate acute apex; caps. -elliptical on a long twisted seta; calyp. plicate; lid long subulate. - -Mountainous rocks and walls. III. IV. - - - 36. ORTHOTRICHUM. B. & S. - - - A. Caps. on a very short seta, immersed or shortly exserted; ochrea - distinct, calyptra with about ten furrows. - - - 1. Caps. with 16 furrows. - -230. O. CUPULATUM. Hoffm. St. under 1in.; l. spreading lanceolate -keeled, lower brownish, nerve distinct; caps. obovate, urceolate when -dry, with a shortly beaked lid; calyp. hairy; perist. simple, of 16 free -equidistant teeth, spreading when dry. - -Rocks and walls. IV. V. - - - 2. Caps. with eight furrows. - -231. O. STURMII. Hop. & Hornsch. In loose cushions; st. short and erect, -or longer and prostrate; l. patent and recurved when moist, incumbent -when dry; margin subrevolute, acutely costato-carinate; caps. generally -immersed, obovate, with eight obsolete striæ, when dry eight-ribbed and -constricted below the mouth; calyp. more or less hairy, shining; per. -teeth simple 16 equidistant, erect when dry, slightly incurved. [Bry. -Eur. III., t. 109.] - -Trap rocks. S. I. (Dr. Wood.) Summer. - - -232. O. SHAWII. Sch. Resembles the last, but differs by its leaves being -less solid and of looser texture at base; cells in one row always (not -in two); by the fewer hairs on its shorter glossy white calyptra; and by -its per. teeth densely papillose white and reflexed when dry. [Supp. -Bry. Eur., fasc, I. II.] - -On an ash tree at Kilkerran Castle, Argyleshire, 1860 (J. Shaw). VI. - - -233. O. OBTUSIFOLIUM. Schrad. In loose yellowish green tufts, brownish -below; l. patulous oblong from an ovate base, apex obtuse hyaline and -minutely serrulate, concave, margin incurved, papillose at back, per. l. -broader and less obtuse: caps. oval immersed with eight orange striæ; -cal. long naked whitish, with a brown tip; lid convex acuminate; per. -teeth eight bi-geminate reflexed when dry, alternating with eight cilia: -dioicous. (Bry. Eur. III., t. 208.) - -On trunks of trees. York, Bristol. V. - - -234. O. PUMILUM. Swartz. (_O. fallax_, Br. Wils. B. & S. but not Schp. -Syn.) Minute pulvinate; l. lanceolate acute, carinate, margin revolute; -per. l. longer erect; caps. oblong, with eight orange striæ, neck -gradually tapering into the seta; cal. long shining brown at apex; per. -teeth eight bi-geminate yellow, densely papillose, reflexed when dry. - -Ash trees at Inverkip and Dailly, Ayrshire. - -235. O. FALLAX. Schp. Syn. 264, _non_ Bruch. (_O. pumilum_, Dicks, Bry. -Brit. B. & S., Müller, &c.) Differs from the above in having a more -oblong thicker capsule, with deeper yellow striæ, with its neck shorter -abrupt, not gradually narrowed, and with a shorter more inflated -calyptra; l. elliptic-lanceolate and obtuse. - -On trees, not common. E. I. - - -236. O. TENELLUM. Bruch. St. ½in. tufted; l. spreading, -lanceolate-oblong or ligulate, obtuse; caps. yellow-brown, exserted, -sub-cylindrical, not contracted at mouth when dry, broadly and -distinctly striate; calyp. with a few short hairs, conico-campanulate, -yellow; perist. yellow, eight teeth and eight cilia. - -Trees, E. I. W. V. VI. - - -237. O. PALLENS. Bruch. St. erect short tufted; l. spreading, lanceolate -or ligulate obtuse, margins revolute; caps. elliptic-oblong with a large -apophysis, scarcely exserted, slightly contracted at mouth when dry; -striæ broad; calyp. large pale yellow hairless. Perist. of eight yellow -teeth and 16 cilia. - -Trees. York. VI. - - -238. O. STRAMINEUM. Horns. St. short tufted; l. spreading, narrowly -lanceolate acuminate, keeled, margin reflexed; caps. ovate-pyriform -slightly exserted, striæ broad; calyp. large campanulate purple-tipped, -slightly hairy; perist. 8 teeth, and 16 (sometimes only eight) cilia; -vaginula hairy. - -Trees and rocks. E. S. W. VI. VII. - - -239. O. FASTIGIATUM. Bruch. St. longer, tufted with fastigiate branches; -l. broader lanceolate, gradually tapering to a point, sub-erect; caps. -almost pyriform, scarcely exserted, with broad striæ; calyp. brownish -yellow hairy; per. teeth eight, and 16 broad short cilia. - -Solitary trees, Yorkshire and Sussex. V. VI. - - -240. O. AFFINE. Schrad. St. ½–1in. tufted branched; l. spreading, -oblong-lanceolate, with a blunt point, margin revolute and slightly -undulate, strongly papillose on both sides; caps. elliptic-oblong, -somewhat exserted, contracted when dry, striæ narrow. Perist. eight pale -teeth and eight filiform cilia; calyp. large greenish yellow hairy. - -Trees, walls, &c., common. VI. VII. - - -241. O. RUPESTRE. Schl. St. 1in. or more, cæspitose, creeping at base; -l. broadly lanceolate, spreading, slightly recurved; caps. pyriform, -mouth large, scarcely exserted, striæ indistinct; calyp. large yellow, -with long hairs; perist. 16 pale teeth in pairs (equidistant when dry), -and eight cilia. - -Mountainous rocks. VII. VIII. - - var. β. _rupincola._ “l. sub-erect, caps. smaller.” - - γ. “stem longer; caps. exserted, calyp. very hairy.” - - -242. O. SPECIOSUM. Nees. St. 1in. or more, tufted, branched; l. -spreading, lanceolate, somewhat pointed, papillose, margins recurved; -caps. shortly exserted elliptic-oblong, faintly striate at summit, lid -conical beaked; calyp. large yellowish, with long hairs; perist. eight -yellowish teeth, and eight cilia. - -Trees, rare. Montrose and Corrie Mulzie. VII. VIII. - - -243. O. LYELLII. Hook. St. 2in. or more, loosely tufted, with erect -branches; l. much spreading long linear-lanceolate, wavy, scarcely -serrate at apex, and studded with papillæ and brownish gland-like -bodies; caps. elliptic-oblong, with a distinct tapering apophysis, and -faint striæ; calyp. very large, brown tipped, with a few long whitish -hairs. Perist. 16 pale teeth, and 16 red-toothed cilia. - -Old tree trunks, rare in fr. VII. - - -244. O. RIVULARE. Turn. St. long tufted, often floating; l. oblong-ovate -flaccid, sometimes sub-secund, obtuse, with a strong nerve and small -papillæ; margin recurved below: caps. pyriform, broadly striate, almost -immersed; perist. eight teeth in pairs, afterwards nearly equidistant, -and 16 cilia; calyp. large dull green hairless. - -Rocks and tree trunks at edges of streams. E. W. I. IV. V. - - -245. O. SPRUCEI. Mont. St. ¼in. tufted; l. oblong-ovate or ligulate, -apex rounded and tipped with an apiculus, scarcely reflexed, thinly -nerved, not papillose; caps. pyriform, scarcely exserted, contracted at -mouth when dry, striæ broad; lid with a short beak; calyp. reddish -tipped, large, hairless; perist. 16 teeth, in pairs, yellowish, and -eight, sometimes 16, cilia. - -Trees near rivers. York, Matlock, Glasgow. V. VI. - - -246. O. DIAPHANUM. Schrad. St. scarcely ½in. tufted; l. spreading, -ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender diaphanous serrulate point, -margin recurved; caps. somewhat pyriform, almost immersed, faintly -striate; calyp. generally naked; perist. 16 equidistant teeth, sometimes -split at apex, and 16 cilia. - -Walls, trees, and palings. IV. - - - 3. Caps. without furrows. - -247. O. LEIOCARPUM. B. & S. St. 1–3in. tufted, branched; l. spreading, -lanceolate, pointed, margin strongly revolute; caps. large pale brown, -obovate, perfectly smooth and not contracted at mouth when dry, scarcely -exserted; calyp. hairy, sometimes naked; perist. 16 teeth and 16 erose -cilia. - -Trees. IV. V. - - [N.B.—Notwithstanding the note in Lin. Soc. Jour., vol. XI. p. 465, I - retain the name _leiocarpum_ instead of _striatum_, as _all_ the - species in this section have a _striate_ calyptra.] - - - B. Caps. on a long seta, much exserted. - - - 1. Calyp. naked. - -248. O. PULCHELLUM. Sm. St. ¼in. tufted; l. spreading, soft, crisped -when dry, linear-lanceolate bluntish, margin recurved; caps. pale, oval, -with eight reddish striæ; perist. 16 reddish teeth in pairs, and 16 -cilia; calyp. pale, without hairs, purplish at tip. - -Trunks of trees. V. - - - 2. Calyp. very hairy, furrowed; ochrea indistinct; l. dilated at base, - and crisped when dry. - -249. O. SAXATILE. Brid. (_O. anomalum_, Bry. Brit., p. 177.) St. erect -sparingly branched; l. narrow lanceolate sharply acuminate, nerve thick, -areolæ narrow at base; caps. narrow sub-cylindrical, much exserted, with -eight long striæ prominent when dry, and then with eight shorter -alternating spurious ones just below the mouth; per. teeth in pairs; -calyp. hairy. [Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. I. II.] - -Limestone walls and rocks. Spring. - -250. O. ANOMALUM. Hedw. Sp. Musc, (_non_ Bry. Brit.) St. erect simple, -slightly branched; l. lower patulous remote, upper erecto-patent, -lanceolate from an ovate base, margin revolute; caps. ovate-oblong, -16–striate; calyp. brownish hairy; per. t. pale equidistant erect when -dry. [Bry. Eur., III., t. 210. Schp. Syn. 262.] - -_Trap_ rocks, Aberdour, Fifeshire (Dr. Wood); Conway. - - Summer. - - -251. O. LUDWIGII. Schw. St. ½in. creeping; l. subpatent or spreading, -narrowly linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when dry, -margin slightly undulate; caps. obovate, striate only at summit, much -contracted at mouth when dry; perist. 16 teeth in pairs, afterwards -equidistant, occasionally with short cilia. - -Trees. Scotland, Ireland. VIII. IX. - - -252. O. CRISPULUM. Hornsch. St. very minute tufted; l. small, -linear-lanceolate, scarcely crisped when dry; caps. pyriform, small, -thin, with eight inconspicuous striæ. - -Trees, not common. Yorkshire, Sussex, English lakes. V. VI. - - -253. O. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. about 1in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate from -an ovate base, slightly waved at margin, very much contorted when dry; -caps. clavate, contracted at mouth when dry; apophysis gradually -tapering into the thick seta; eight broad striæ; perist. eight teeth, -and eight, sometimes 16, cilia. - -Trees. VII. VIII. - - -254. O. CALVESCENS. Wils. Differs from _Bruchii_ by its shorter leaves -more narrowly reticulated; calyp. scarcely hairy; caps. with a long -tapering neck, lid more convex and shortly beaked; from _crispum_ by its -longer seta and shorter caps. not contracted at mouth when dry, and by -its smooth glossy calyptra. - -Trees. VI. - -Killarney (Dr. Moore and Dr. Carrington); Dailly and Loch Doon (J. -Shaw). - - -255. O. BRUCHII. Brid. St. short tufted; l. spreading sharply -linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when dry, sometimes -wavy; caps. pyriform on a long seta, with eight broad striæ, and -contracted at mouth when dry; calyp. blackish yellow, with many furrows -and very hairy; perist. of 16 teeth in pairs, and eight, very seldom 16, -cilia. - -Trees. Scotland, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, &c. VII. VIII. - - -256. O. DRUMMONDII. H. & G. St. longer, creeping, l. linear-lanceolate -from a narrow ovate base, blunt-pointed, scarcely crisped, margin hardly -recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, deeply striate, and contracted at mouth -when dry, on a long seta; calyp. with long stiff hairs; perist. of 16 -teeth in pairs, and no cilia. - -Trunks of young trees. S. I. E. VIII. - - -257. O. HUTCHINSIÆ. Sm. St. about ½in. tufted; l. erecto-patent broadly -lanceolate, nerved to blunt apex, margin scarcely reflexed; caps. -clavate-pyriform, with eight broad striæ, slightly contracted at mouth -when dry; apophysis tapering; calyp. large, very hairy. Perist. 16 teeth -in pairs, and eight short cilia, sometimes wanting. - -Mountainous rocks. W. I. S. E. VII. - - -258. O. PHYLLANTHUM. B. & S. St. 1in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate -without a broad base, nerve extending to apex or exserted, where it is -generally covered with gemmæ, crisped when dry; fruit not known. - -Rocks and trees, generally near the sea. - - - 37. ZYGODON. HOOK. & T. - - - A. Peristome absent. - - - 1. Caps. on a short seta. - -259. Z. LAPPONICUS. B. & S. St. ½in. cæspitose radiculose; l. spreading, -linear-lanceolate keeled, contorted when dry, nerve ceasing near apex; -per. l. ovate-lanceolate; caps. scarcely exserted turbinate, deeply -eight-striate, urceolate when dry; lid with a short oblique beak: -monoicous. - -Crevices of alpine rocks. S. W. Summer. - - -260. Z. MOUGEOTTII. B. & S. St. more than 1 inch cæspitose, scarcely -radiculose; l. fasciculate recurved, narrowly linear-lanceolate, margin -reflexed below, nerved to apex, not contorted when dry; caps. turbinate -urceolate when dry, eight-striate; lid with a long very oblique beak: -dioicous. - -Moist shady rocks. Summer. - - - 2. Caps. on a longer seta. - -261. Z. VIRIDISSIMUS. Brid. St. ½–1in., fastigiate, radiculose below; l. -much spreading recurved, widely lanceolate, somewhat contorted when dry, -nerve sometimes slightly excurrent; caps. obovate obscurely -eight-striate; lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous. - -Trees and rocks. III. IV. - - - B. Peristome present. - - - 1. Inner perist. fugacious. - -262. Z. CONOIDEUS. Dicks. St. very short, cæspitose, fastigiate, densely -radiculose; l. somewhat spreading, not recurved, widely lanceolate, with -plane margins, and nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, tapering -below, eight-striate, lid with a long straight beak; perist., outer -eight short recurved teeth, inner eight yellowish cilia, often absent: -dioicous. - -Trees. S. I. E. V. - - - 2. Inner perist. persistent. - -263. Z. FORSTERI. Dicks. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted, with whitish -radicles; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate, nerved to apex or -slightly excurrent; areolæ hexagonal (not as in all the previous ones, -dot-like), oblong and diaphanous at base; caps. pyriform, striate; lid -with a long inclined beak; perist., outer eight acute bi-geminate teeth, -inner eight alternating cilia: monoicous. - -Trees. South of England, rare. Spring. - - -264. Z. GRACILIS. Wils. MS. St. 1in. or more, tufted, branched; l. -lanceolate twisted when dry, with plane margins, and denticulate near -the apex; areolæ close and punctate above, large and pellucid below. - -Old walls. Malham (J. Nowell) in fr., Sept., 1866. - - [I have no specimen in fruit.] - - - 38. TETRAPHIS. HEDW. - -265. T. PELLUCIDA. Hed. St. ½–1in.; l. lower, ovate-acuminate, nerved, -reddish, upper larger ovate-lanceolate entire, nerve ceasing below apex, -margins plane; stems bearing gemmiferous cups, l. of which are -obcordate; caps. (fruit not found in England) elliptical, with a red -border at mouth, on a long reddish seta. - -Decaying stumps and roots of trees, common. VIII. IX. - - - 39. TETRODONTIUM. SCHW. - -266. T. BROWNIANUM. Schwg. St. almost none, with long linear radical -leaves or ramuli; per. l. ovate-acuminate, entire, shortly and faintly -nerved; caps. oval-oblong, lid with an acute oblique beak. - -Sandstone rocks. III. IV. (Wilson says VII.) - - - 40. BUXBAUMIA. HALLER. - -267. B. APHYLLA. Hall. “Stem almost none, buried; l. lower roundish, -deeply toothed, upper fringed with long ciliary processes; caps. -plano-convex, roundish ovate, reddish; outer perist. irregularly -sub-divided, thick and cellular.” [Wilson.] - -Scotland, Yorkshire, &c.; rare. V. - - -268. B. INDUSIATA. Brid. “Resembling the last, but caps. more erect, not -flattened on the upper surface, of uniform texture and yellowish green -colour, covered with a soft membrane, which ruptures on the upper -surface, the margins rolling back, somewhat like the indusium of a fern; -annulus narrow.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 226.] - -On the ground and rotten trunks, chiefly in pine woods. - -Near Ballater, 1847 (Cruikshank); Craigendinnie Hill, Aboyne, 1867 -(Dickie and Roy). - - - 41. DIPHYSCIUM. W. & M. - -269. D. FOLIOSUM. W. & M. St. almost none; l. long narrow linear, -flexuose, with an obscure nerve, margin plane, sometimes toothed near -apex; per. l. with a pale thin blade, nerve excurrent into a long rough -bristle, and the innermost divided at apex into long jointed cilia; -caps. immersed, ovate, oblique, gibbous; lid conical pointed; per. teeth -white. - -Shady mountainous rocks. VIII. - - - 42. ATRICHUM. P. BEAUV. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -270. A. UNDULATUM. P. Beauv. St. 1–2in. l. ligulate, margin undulate, -thickened, with bi cuspid spinulose teeth, which also occur on back near -apex, where lamellate nerve ceases; caps. cylindrical curved; lid with a -long curved beak. - -Grassy places, common. X. XI. - - var. β. _attenuatum._ l. narrow, more crisped when dry; caps. smaller. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -271. A. ANGUSTATUM. Brid. St. shorter, l. narrower, densely reticulate, -serrate at apex _only_, less hispid beneath, with numerous lamellæ on -nerve; caps. sub-erect cylindrical straight or curved, lid dark purple, -shortly rostrate. [Schp. Syn. p. 434.] - -Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c. Winter. - -Braes of Doune, fr. (McKinlay); Sussex—male (Mitten). - -272. A. TENELLUM. Roth. St. short; l. elongate, oblong-lanceolate, upper -ones narrowly lingulate, scarcely undulate, smooth beneath, margins -dentate below the middle, subcirrhate when dry, nerve thinly lamellate; -caps. obovate-oblong, sub-cernuous, lid with a long beak; per. teeth -large. [Bry. Eur. IV., 412. Syn. 435.] - -Bare moist sandy places, and dried-up pools. Autumn. - -Loch Goil Head; Killin, Perthshire. - - -273. A. CRISPUM. James. (_laxifolium_, Wils. MS.) St. simple, slender; -l. lower small somewhat spathulate; upper much larger oblong-lanceolate, -slightly undulate, border thickened, toothed; nerve reaching apex, -scarcely lamellate; areolæ larger, hexagonal or rounded; caps. -obovate-oblong, sub-erect or inclined, wide-mouthed, teeth very short -irregular, seta red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 225.] - -Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Yorkshire; Dartmoor. Male -plant only found in Britain. - - - 43. OLIGOTRICHUM. DE C. - -274. O. HERCYNICUM. De C. St. ½–1in; l. rigid erecto-patent, lanceolate, -sheathing, margins indexed, lamellæ of nerve undulate, and spinulose at -back; caps. erect cylindrical, plicate and oblique when dry; lid conical -pointed. - -Alpine and sub-alpine barren soil. VI. VII. - -Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell). - - - 44. POGONATUM. P. Beauv. - -275. P. NANUM. Brid. St. short, not branched at apex; l. rigid -spreading, lanceolate obtuse, sheathing, serrulate above; caps. almost -globose, erect or inclined, lid with a curved or oblique beak; columella -not winged. - -Moist shady sandy banks. X. XI. - - var. β. _longisetum._ l. long, linear-lanceolate, seta very long; caps. - oval-oblong. - -276. P. ALOIDES. Brid. St. less than 1–in., branched at apex; l. rigid -spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on margin and back; caps. -erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or cylindrical; lid conical beaked; -columella with four wings; hairs of calyp. whitish. - -Moist banks. X. XI. - - var. β. _minus._ smaller generally; “hairs of calyp. confluent below - capsule.” - - -277. P. URNIGERUM. Brid. St. 1–4in. branched above, reddish below; l. -spreading linear-lanceolate from a short broader sheathing base, acute -serrate; caps. narrowly cylindrical regular papillose, lid convex with a -short beak. - -Mountainous banks and sides of streams. X. XI. - - var. β. _crassum._ l. broader, caps, oval-oblong, lid with a longer - beak. - - -278. P. ALPINUM. Brid. St. much longer, branched above, decumbent below; -l. linear-lanceolate from a sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate, -back spinulose, margin inflexed; caps. generally inclined, ovoid, tumid, -smooth, lid small, with a long curved beak. - -Sub-alpine localities. E. S. I. VI. - - var. β. _arcticum._ caps. oblong sub-cylindrical. - - δ. _campanulatum._ st. short, l. narrower and shorter; caps. - apophysate; calyp. campanulate. - - - 45. POLYTRICHUM. BRID. - - - A. Caps. six-angled; apophysis indistinct. - -279. P. SEXANGULARE. Hoppe. Barren st. 2–6in., fertile shorter; l. short -incurved rigid, linear-lanceolate from a broader base, margins plane, -incurved, almost cucullate at serrulate apex; caps. short, at first -upright, afterwards cernuous, sometimes six, sometimes only four or -five-angled; lid rostrate; calyp. short, and shortly villous. - -Summits of Scotch mountains. VIII. IX. - -Ben Lawers; Cairngorm, &c. - - -280. P. GRACILE. Menzies. St. about ½in. densely tufted; l. lanceolate -from a broad sheathing base, serrate, with prominent lamellæ on upper -surface; caps. ovate, obscurely four, five, six-angled; lid -conico-rostrate; calyp. small. - -Turbaries, &c., frequent. VI. - - -281. P. FORMOSUM. Hedw. St. 3–6in. loosely tufted; l. spreading -linear-lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, acute, serrate, -lamellate; caps. four, five, six-angled, fawn-coloured; lid long -conical; calyp. large. - -Woods. VI. - - var. β. _pallidisetum._ st. and l. shorter; caps. narrower, on a short - pale seta. - - - B. Caps. four-angled; apoph. very distinct. - -282. P. COMMUNE. L. St. 6 or 8in. simple; l. spreading reflexed, -linear-lanceolate, sheathing, whitish and membranous at base, serrate on -margin and back; nerve broad; per. l. with long wavy hair points; caps. -short, upright, afterwards cernuous, on a very long seta; lid variable -in size; calyp. large reddish. - -Tufty and marshy places. VI. - - var. β. _perigoniale._ smaller; outer per. l. longer; dry heaths. - - γ. _minus._ st. short; l. shorter, less spreading; per. l. less - striking; calyp., caps., and seta smaller: dry heaths. - - γ. β. _fastigiatum._ st. branched fastigiate; l. as in var. γ. Very - dry heaths. - - -283. P. JUNIPERUM. Hedw. St. 1–6in.; l. reflexed, spreading, -linear-lanceolate, almost bristle-pointed, margin entire, except a few -teeth at apex, much inflexed from middle upwards, somewhat spinulose at -back; caps. roughish, horizontal when dry, on a seta 2in. or more long; -calyp. large. - -Heaths. V. VI. - - -284. P. STRICTUM. Menzies. (_P. juniperum._ β. _strictum_, Bry. Brit.) -“St. more slender, densely matted, branched, closely interwoven with -whitish tomentum; l. straight, erecto-patent, imbricate when dry, -shorter and narrower, pale glaucous green; caps. shorter cuboid, acutely -angled, rufous orange; calyp. brownish or white.” [Dr. Braithwaite, -Jour. of Bot., VIII., 225.] - -Mountain moors, common. - - -285. P. PILIFERUM. Schreb. St. about 1in. simple; l. lower short -appressed, upper much longer, lanceolate, prolonged into roughish hair -points, margins entire inflexed; caps. faintly angular, almost ovate, on -a short seta; calyp. long, reddish. - -Dry heaths. V. VI. - - - 46. TIMMIA. HEDW. - -286. T. AUSTRIACA. Hedw. St. 2–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate from a reddish -brown sheathing dilated base, margins strongly serrate; caps. ovate -pyriform, inclined, striate when dry, on a seta 2in. long; lid rounded -mammillate; per. teeth inner smooth entire. - -Rocks, very rare. Forfarshire. Summer. - - -287. T. MEGAPOLITANA. Hedw. St. loosely cæspitose, brownish below; l. -from a whitish sheathing base, spreading and recurved, linear-lanceolate -concave opaque serrate, cirrhate when dry; per. l. internal -ovate-lanceolate thinner; caps. oblong horizontal, somewhat striate when -dry; lid convex, not apiculate; per. teeth internal with numerous -appendiculate cilia. [Schp. Syn., 431.] - -Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton). Summer. - - - 47. AULACOMNION. SCHW. - -288. A. PALUSTRE. Schw. St. 2–4in. branched, beset with reddish -radicles; l. oblong-lanceolate, denticulate at apex, flexuose undulate, -crisped when dry, papillose on both sides; caps. ovate-oblong, gibbous, -cernuous, curved; lid conical, with a blunt beak; barren fl. discoid: -dioicous. - -Turfy bogs and marshes. V. VI. - - var. β. _imbricatum._ “l. broader imbricate, entire, not twisted when - dry.” - - γ. _fasciculare._ st. with many short innovations and fasciculate - leaves; ramuli flagelliform from axils of fl. leaves. - - δ. _polycephalum._ “st. decumbent branched; pseudopodia elongated - numerous.” - - -289. A. ANDROGYNUM. Schw. St. less than 1in., nearly simple; l. lower -lanceolate, upper longer, all denticulate at apex, not flexuose nor -crisped when dry, papillose, margin recurved; caps. almost cylindrical, -gibbous, inclined, furrowed; lid short, conical; pseudopodia numerous; -barren fl. gemmiform. - -Dry shady woods and banks. V. VI. - - - 48. ORTHODONTIUM. SCHW. - -290. O. GRACILE. Schw. St. ½in. slender, tufted; l. long linear -setaceous, carinate, flexuose, entire, faintly nerved nearly to apex; -caps. obovate-clavate, gradually tapering at base into the seta, -inclined; lid long, beaked; calyp. very small. - -Sandstone rocks. Yorkshire and Cheshire. III. - - - 49. LEPTOBRYUM. WILS. - -291. L. PYRIFORME. Wils. St. scarcely ½in.; l. lower lanceolate entire, -upper linear-setaceous, flexuose, serrate at summit, nerve sometimes -reaching apex; caps. pyriform pendulous, on a slender flexuose seta; lid -convex mammillate. - -Rocks. Cheshire. V. VI. - - - 50. BRYUM. H. & T. - - - Synopsis specierum. - - I. L. erect narrow; not nerved to apex (except No. 1). - - A. Caps. narrow, inclined. - _a._ monoicous. - 1. acuminatum. - 2. polymorphum. - 3. elongatum. - _b._ synoicous or dioicous. - 4. crudum. - - B. Caps, pyriform pendulous. - _a._ monoicous or synoicous. - 5. nutans. - _b._ dioicous. - 6. annotinum. - 7. carneum. - - II. L. ovate, not nerved to apex. - - _a._ dioicous. - 8. Wahlenbergii. - 9. Ludwigii. - _b._ monoicous. - 10. Marrattii. - 11. calophyllum. - - III. L. mostly ovate, nerved to apex. - - A. synoicous or monoicous. - 12. lacustre. - 13. Warneum. - B. dioicous. - 14. pseudotriquetrum. - 15. neodamense. - 16. alpinum. - 17. Muhlenbeckii. - 18. turbinatum. - 19. latifolium. - 20. Duvalii. - 21. pallens. - 22. barbatum. - - - IV. L. ovate, nerve excurrent. - - A. monoicous. - 23. uliginosum. - 24. pallescens. - 25. Sauteri. - B. synoicous. - _a._ inner perist. imperfect. - 26. cernuum. - 27. inclinatum. - _b._ inner perist. perfect. - 28. intermedium. - 29. bimum. - 30. torquescens. - C. dioicous. - 31. obconicum. - 32. capillare. - 33. Donianum. - 34. Billarderii. - 35. cæspiticium. - 36. murale. - 37. sanguineum. - 38. atropurpureum. - 39. apiculatum. - - V. L. very concave, imbricate, nerve mostly ceasing below apex, - dioicous. - - A. caps. symmetrical. - 40. julaceum. - 41. argenteum. - 42. Funkii. - - B. mouth of caps. oblique. - 43. Zierii. - 44. demissum. - - VI. L. broad roundish bordered. - - 45. Tozeri. - - VII. L. very large, in a terminal rosaceous tuft. - - 46. roseum. - - - SECT. I. - -292. (1) B. ACUMINATUM. B. & S. St. ½–1in., simple or branched; l. -rigid, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate larger, margins -recurved, nerved to serrulate apex, sometimes secund; caps. almost -horizontal, narrowly clavate, tapering at base; lid sharply conical. -(There are many varieties.) - -Crevices of rocks and mountainous districts. VIII. - - -293. (2) B. POLYMORPHUM. B. & S. St. ¼–½in., seldom branched; l. lower -ovate-lanceolate, small, scattered, upper oblong-lanceolate longer, -crowded, apex in all serrate; caps. oblong-pyriform horizontal or -drooping, with a short neck; lid mammillate. (Many varieties.) - -Scotch and Welsh mountains. Summer. - - -294. (3) B. ELONGATUM. Dicks. St. ¼–1in., one innovation from floral -apex; l. lower ovate-lanceolate scattered, upper longer -linear-lanceolate, all serrate at apex; caps. very long and slender, -clavate, with a long distinct neck, inclined, upright when dry; lid -convex beaked; inner perist. with cilia. - -Rocks and walls in mountainous districts. VIII. - -295. (4) B. CRUDUM. Schreb. St. 1–2in. cæspitose, radiculose below; l. -lower ovate-lanceolate, with plane margins and reddish nerve, upper -gradually passing upwards into linear-lanceolate, with serrate apex; -caps. oval-pyriform, from sub-erect to horizontal or even pendulous; lid -convex apiculate; inner perist. with cilia. The leaves are generally -shining and transparent. - -Mountainous banks and rocks. VII. - - -296. (5) B. NUTANS. Schr. St. ¼–2in. with innovations; l. spreading, -with margins reflexed below, lower ovate-lanceolate entire, upper -linear-lanceolate serrulate at apex; caps. pyriform or elliptical, with -a short neck; lid small mammillate; inner perist. with cilia: synoicous. - -Sandy heaths, &c. - -(Four var. are given in Bry. Europ.) - - -297. (6) B. ANNOTINUM. Hed. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lower lanceolate -erecto-patent entire, upper longer, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed -below; caps. narrow pyriform, with a long tapering neck; lid conical -pointed; barren fl. terminal; inner perist. with cilia; annulus distinct -compound. - -Sandy banks and quarries. V. VI. - - -298. (7) B. CARNEUM. L. St. ¼in. cæspitose, reddish; l. lower -ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower, all serrate at apex, and loosely -reticulate, margin not reflexed; nerve reddish; caps. ovate-oblong or -shortly pyriform on a thick succulent reddish seta, sharply curved at -summit; lid convex, shortly pointed; annulus none; perist. large, -dark-coloured when dry. - -Moist clay banks. IV. - - - SECT. II. - -299. (8) B. WAHLENBERGII. Schw. St. ½–1in. reddish cæspitose; l. lower -ovate-acuminate, upper lanceolate, all serrate at apex, margins scarcely -reflexed, areolæ loose; caps. broadly pyriform, with a short neck, and -wide-mouthed when dry, sub-pendulous; annulus none or imperfect; per. -teeth large, inner with cilia; lid small conical. - -Wet banks and rocks. V. - - -300. (9) B. LUDWIGII. Spreng. St. about 1in. decumbent and blackish -below; l. lower ovate, passing upwards into ovate-lanceolate and -lanceolate, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. obovate -pyriform, sub-pendulous on a reddish slender seta 1in. long; lid -conical, somewhat obtuse; inner perist. with cilia. - -Scotch and Welsh mountains. IX. - - var. β. _gracilis._ Goat Fell; Ben Lawers, Ben Lomond; Snowdon. - - -301. (10) B. MARRATTII. St. about ¼in. gregarious; l. broadly -elliptical, blunt-pointed entire; per. l. narrower and longer; caps. -small turbinate almost globose, tapering at neck into the slender seta, -from which it is pendulous; lid bluntly beaked; perist. outer red, inner -imperfect, adhering to outer. - -Southport, 1854. IX. - - -302. (11) E. CALOPHYLLUM. R. Br. St. about ¼in. reddish gregarious; l. -broadly elliptical or ovate, sharply pointed, concave, entire, almost -nerved to apex; caps. oval-oblong, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid -small conical, slightly pointed; per. teeth outer brownish, inner free, -mostly without cilia. - -Southport, with the last. IX. - - - SECT. III. - -303. (12) B. LACUSTRE. Brid. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lower -ovate-apiculate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire, very concave, -margins recurved; per. l. narrower; caps. roundish pyriform, with a -tapering neck, slightly pendulous; lid small pointed; annulus present; -inner perist. partially adherent, sometimes with cilia; synoicous. - -Moist sandy places. Yarmouth; Suffolk. V. VI. - - -304. (13) B. WARNEUM. Bland. St. about ¼in. tufted; branched; l. -ovate-acuminate, scarcely concave, serrate at apex, margins recurved; -caps. obovate pyriform pendulous, bordered at mouth when dry; lid small -convex pointed; inner perist. with cilia: monoicous or synoicous. - -Muddy places. Scotland, Southport. VIII. IX. - - -305. (14) B. PSEUDOTRIQUETRUM. Schw. St. 1–3in, branched, erect; l. -lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower and longer concave, all bordered, -margins recurved, occasionally serrulate at apex, and slightly -decurrent; nerve sometimes excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical, pendulous; -lid small mammillate. - -Wet mountainous rocks. S. W. VII. - - -306. (15) B. NEODAMENSE. Itzig. Regensb. Fl. 1841, I. (p. 360.) St. -slender, cæspitose and tomentose elongate, reddish and almost naked -below, leafy above; l. lower roundish oblong obtuse, apex and margins -involute; upper crowded, shortly oblong, inflated at base, margins -revolute below, all cucullate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, on a -long seta. - -Southport Sands, where liable to inundation. - - -307. (16) B. ALPINUM. L. St. ½–2in. cæspitose simple; l. imbricate -lanceolate, margins recurved, serrulate at apex; caps. oblong-pyriform -pendulous, deep red, on a bent and arcuate seta, lid mammillate; whole -plant reddish and shining. - -Sub-alpine moist rocks, fr. rare. VI. - - -308. (17) B. MUHLENBECKII. B. & S. St. ½in. or more; tufted, branched, -radiculose; l. almost elliptical, blunt-pointed, conical, almost -cucullate at apex, margin reflexed; nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong -tapering, pendulous, reddish brown; lid convex pointed. - -Scotch mountains (Dr. C. Smith and Dr. Stirton). - - -309. (18) B. TURBINATUM. Hedw. St. ½–3in. sometimes branched; l. lower -ovate-lanceolate, upper longer and narrower, concave, margins not -recurved; nerve not always reaching apex; caps. globoso-pyriform -pendulous, when dry contracted at mouth, reddish brown; lid convex -pointed. - -Manchester; Fakenham; Norfolk. VI. VII. - - var. β. _prælongum._ st. elongate, l. pale green, caps. ventricose - larger. - - -310. (19) B. LATIFOLIUM. Schl. (_B. turbinatum_, var. γ, Bry. Brit.) St. -elongate, decumbent at base; l. imbricate, broadly oblong acuminate, -very concave, shining, serrulate at apex, margined, nerve excurrent; -caps. longer than the last, on a long seta, geniculate at base. [Schp. -Syn., 380. Bry. Eur., IV., t. 372.] - -Boggy places. VI.—VIII. - -Ben More; Shetland (McKinlay). - - -311. (20) B. DUVALII. Voigt. St. tufted, decumbent when old, elongate, -branched; l. patulous, remote, broadly ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, -cirrhate when dry, scarcely nerved to apex; per. l. inner lanceolate -erect; caps. obovate-oblong regular pendulous from a long slender seta, -contracted at mouth when dry; lid mammillate. [Bry. Eur., IV., t. 371.] - -Boggy places. VIII. IX. - -Glen Lyon, Ben Lawers, Hartfell, Helvellyn. - - -312. (21) B. PALLENS. Swartz. St. ¼–1in. branched; l. reddish, remote -patulous ovate-lanceolate, slightly decurrent, keeled, serrulate at -apex, margins thickened and recurved, nerve almost excurrent; caps. -oblong pyriform, with a long tapering neck, pendulous, mouth small, but -not contracted; lid small convex, pointed. - -Near springs and ditches. VI. - - var. β. _microstomum._ “caps, regular, sub-clavate, mouth smaller.” - - -313. (22) B. BARBATUM. Wils. MS. St. about 1in. branched, slender, red, -and copiously beset with reddish brown radicles from base to summit; l. -sub-erect, ovate, rather suddenly tapering into a longish sparsely -toothed subula, uppermost broader, more shortly pointed, spreading, all -concave, strongly nerved, margins plane, not recurved; areolæ very lax -and transparent. The only specimen I have bears no fruit. - -Ben Ledi (Dr. Stirton). - - - SECT. IV. - -314. (23) B. ULIGINOSUM. B. & S., St. ½–1in. cæspitose, branched; l. -green oval-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, margin reflexed below, -excurrent nerve toothed; caps. clavate unequal pendulous, tapering into -the long curved seta; mouth oblique; lid convex pointed. - -Wet places near streams. VIII. - - -315. (24) B. PALLESCENS. Schw. St. 1–2in. branched, cæspitose, with -purplish radicles below; l. ovate-lanceolate, margin reflexed, generally -serrate at apex; upper with nerve scarcely excurrent, lower reddish; -caps. pyriform, pendulous, tapering, contracted at mouth when dry; lid -conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia. - -Rocks and walls. VII. VIII. - - var. β. _boreale._ caps. smaller, sub-erect. - - γ. _contextum._ st. long, much branched; caps. ventricose, - shorter, sub-pendulous. - - δ. _subrotundum._ stem and l. smaller; caps. almost globose; seta - curved. - - -316. (25) B. SAUTERI. B. & S. St. cæspitose, much branched; l. -erecto-patent, ovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate, elongated, very -concave, margins plane, nerve thick excurrent into a mucro; wings at -base with hyaline cells; per. l. narrower; caps. slightly incurved, -pendulous solid sanguineous; lid shortly conical. [Müller, Syn. I., -280.] - -Teesdale (Spruce); Scotland (Mitten). - -317. (26) B. CERNUUM. Hedw. St. ½–1½in; tufted, branched, very -radiculose; l. ovate-acuminate concave, nerve much excurrent, sometimes -serrulate at apex, margins recurved; caps. oblong-oval or pyriform, -mouth small, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical; inner -perist. adherent to outer; annulus large. - -Walls and rocks. V. - - -318. (27) B. INCLINATUM. B. & S. St. short, tufted branched; l. -ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate; caps. almost elliptical or -pyriform, with a small mouth; lid conical, sharply pointed; perist. -inner generally without cilia, and free. - -Walls, banks, and decayed trees. V. - - -319. (28) B. INTERMEDIUM. Brid. St. about ½in. tufted, branched; l. -imbricate, somewhat spreading ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, point -sometimes toothed, margins recurved; caps. pyriform narrow -sub-pendulous, tapering into a longish neck; lid conical pointed; inner -perist. with cilia. - -Walls and rocks, frequent. VI.—XII. - - -320. (29) B. BIMUM. Schreb. St. ½–1in. tufted, sometimes branched, with -purplish radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate, shortly apiculate, occasionally -serrate at apex, margins recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, tapering at -neck, pendulous, constricted at mouth when dry; lid large convex -apiculate. - -Wet and boggy places. VI. VII. - - var. β. _cuspidatum._ l. with long bushy points, margined. Walls, &c. - - -321. (30) B. TORQUESCENS. B. & S. St. ¼–1in. tufted, radiculose; l. -lower ovate-lanceolate, upper ovate, all shortly pointed, entire, margin -recurved, slightly twisted when dry; caps. large obconical or clavate, -sub-pendulous, neck tapering; lid pointed. - -Rocks and walls; rare. VI. VII. - - -322. (31) B. OBCONICUM. Hornsch. St. short tufted, branched; l. -oblong-ovate pointed, concave, entire, margin recurved, not twisted when -dry; caps. obconical, pendulous; neck long tapering; lid convex -apiculate. - -Walls. Barnard Castle, 1843 (Spruce). VI. VII. - - -323. (32) B. CAPILLARE. Hed. St. ¼–1in. tufted; l. lower ovate-oblong, -upper obovate-oblong, all with longish slender points, concave, much -contorted when dry, margin bordered with smaller cellules, reflexed, -sometimes serrulate at apex; caps. sub-clavate or obovate, tapering, -pendulous, only slightly constricted at mouth when dry; lid pointed. - -Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. VI. - - var. β. _majus._ st. longer, l. broader, and with a wider margin, caps. - larger and thicker. (Wilson says this is the most frequent - English form.) On walls. - - γ. _minus._ l. concave imbricate; caps. smaller. - - δ. _flaccidum._ l. lower, purplish, flaccid, not contorted when - dry, distinctly serrate at apex. - - -324. (33) B. DONIANUM. Grev. St. shorter than last, branched; l. -ovate-oblong, slightly pointed, not contorted, but slightly twisted when -dry, margin thickened, serrulate at apex; caps. long clavate, -constricted at mouth when dry, sub-pendulous, lid pointed. - -Sandy banks and rocks, rare. Warrington (Wilson); Hurst-pier-point -(Mitten); Winchelsea (Jenner). - -325. (34) B. BILLARDERII. Schw. St. ½–1in. branched, radiculose; l. -crowded in tufts at top of branches and stems, ovate-oblong, serrate and -recurved at apex, apiculate, margins recurved below; caps. pyriform, -broadest below the middle, tapering at neck, pendulous; lid conical -pointed. - -Hurst-pier-point, on old ant-hills; barren. Summer. - - -326. (35) B. CÆSPITICIUM. L. St. ¼–1in. tufted, branched; l. -ovate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margin recurved -but not thickened, erect when dry, upper ones largest; caps. -oblong-obovate, pendulous, slightly constricted when dry; lid large -mammillate. - -Walls, rocks, roofs, &c. - - -327. (36) B. MURALE. Wils. St. ¼in. tufted, branched; l. -ovate-lanceolate, concave, shortly pointed, margins plane; loosely -imbricate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep purple or almost black -when ripe; neck tapering; lid large mammillate. - -Mortar of old walls. V. VI. - -Marple, Killarney, N. Wales, Oxford, 1863 (H. Boswell). - - -328. (37) B. SANGUINEUM. Ludwig. St. ¼in.; l. distant, ovate-lanceolate -pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margins scarcely recurved; caps. -oblong or pyriform pendulous, blood-red when ripe; lid pointed. - -Heathy ground and walls., VI. VII. - - var. β. _radiculosum._ caps. obconical, seta geniculate at base. - - -329. (38) B. ERYTHROCARPON. Brid. _non_ Schw. (_B. atropurpureum._ W. & -M.) St. ¼–½in. branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate concave, pointed, -margin reflexed, entire, lower often reddish; caps. oval or oblong, neck -not tapering, pendulous, dark red or purplish when ripe; lid conical -pointed. - -Banks and walls. V. - - -330. (39) B. APICULATUM (?) Schw. (There seems some doubt as to what the -barren form found on the Slemish mountains is; I give Wilson’s -description from Bry. Brit., p. 245.) “L. erecto-patent when dry, -elliptic-lanceolate, concave, nerved to apex.” - - - SECT. V. - -331. (40) B. JULACEUM. Sm. St. 1–3in. tufted, with long filiform -branches; l. ovate or ovate-elliptical, larger above, concave entire, -margin not recurved, not nerved to apex; caps. oblong-obovate or -pyriform, pendulous; lid small, convex, pointed. - -Alpine and sub-alpine wet rocks. VIII. IX. - - var. β. _concinnatum._ st. shorter, nerve excurrent into a recurved - point. Near Kennare (Dr. Taylor); Teesdale (Spruce); Ochills - (Lyle). - - -332. (41) B. ARGENTEUM. L. St. ¼–½in. tufted; in silvery white patches; -l. lower ovate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire except at apex, nerve -not reaching pointed tapering apex; margins not recurved; areolæ very -lax; caps. oval-oblong, reddish purple, pendulous, neck not tapering; -lid faintly pointed. - -Roofs, walls, ground, &c. X. VI. - - var. β. _majus._ st. longer, l. greenish, without points. - - γ. _lanatum._ smaller, l. with long points, without chlorophyll, - silvery white. Largo, Scotland (C. Howie). - -333. (42) B. FUNKII. Schw. Gregarious; st. branched, branches julaceous; -l. crowded at summit of branches; st. and br. leaves ovate, -cochleariform, nerve excurrent into a short point; comal leaves -ovate-oblong acuminate, shortly cuspidate: areolæ lax; caps. obovate or -globoso-pyriform, inclined on a flexuous seta. - -Walls, &c. Sandy shore, Southport (Wilson). V. VI. - - -334. (43) B. ZIERII. Dicks. Silvery reddish tufts, st. ½–1in., branches -julaceous; l. roundish ovate-acuminate, entire, margins not recurved, -not nerved to apex; areolæ lax; caps. large clavate-pyriform, gibbous, -with a long slender tapering neck, incurved cernuous; lid small, -conical, acute; inner perist. longest, with imperfect cilia. - -Crevices of mountainous rocks. E. S. I. X. XI. - - -335. (44) B. DEMISSUM. Hook. St. ¼in. tufted; l. ovate-acuminate, erect -when dry, margin recurved, nerve generally excurrent; per. l. -lanceolate, with longer points; areolæ lax; caps. clavate-pyriform, much -incurved, cernuous; seta “curved above like a swan’s neck”; inner -perist. longest. - -Rocks. Breadalbane Mts.; rare. VIII. IX. - - - SECT. VI. - -336. (45) B. TOZERI. Grev. St. ¼–½in. gregarious; l. lower obovate -narrow, upper crowded wider apiculate, all bordered, entire; nerved -(reddish) half way; caps. obovate or pyriform pendulous; lid conical. - -Shady banks, rare in fr. III. IV. - - - SECT. VII. - -337. (46) B. ROSEUM. Schreb. St. 1–3in., l. lower, small, scattered -lanceolate; upper in a large rosaceous tuft, spathulate, apiculate, -serrate above, margin recurved, nerved nearly to apex; caps. -clavate-oblong or obovate pendulous; lid mammillate. - -Sandy shady banks. XI. XII. - - - 51. MNIUM. B. & S. - - - A. L. sharply serrated. - - - _a._ Margin cartilaginous. - -338. M. AFFINE. Bland. St. 1–3in. simple, erect, radiculose; barren -shoots procumbent; l. lower oval-lanceolate, decurrent, scattered, upper -much larger, crowded, oblong-elliptic pointed, border narrow, simply -spinuloso-serrate, nerved nearly or quite to apex; those of barren stems -roundish two-ranked; caps. ovate-oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: -dioicous. - -Shady woods, banks, walls. IV. V. - - var. β. _elatum._ stem and seta longer; marshy places. - - γ. _rugicum._ sterile shoots, erect, shorter; l. shorter, concave, - obtusely serrate. - - -339. M. CUSPIDATUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. tufted, erect, radiculose, barren -shoots procumbent; l. lower ovate or obovate, scattered, upper -ovate-lanceolate longer and narrower; all acuminate, with simply serrate -margins; nerved nearly or quite to apex; caps. ovate, inclined or -pendulous; lid convex obtuse: synoicous. - -Shady rocks and walls. III. IV. - - -340. M. ROSTRATUM. Schr. St. ½–1in. decumbent at base (barren long erect -or creeping); l. lower ovate, upper oval-oblong, obtuse, in a terminal -spreading tuft, all simply and bluntly serrate, undulate, nerve slightly -excurrent into a mucro; caps. oval, inclined or pendulous; lid with a -long curved beak: synoicous. - -Moist shady rocks, &c., common. IV. - - -341. M. RIPARIUM. Mitt. M.S. St. ½–1in., reddish below; l. orbiculate or -broadly elliptical, much decurrent, apex rounded and tipped with a -mucro; lower obscurely bordered, upper strongly so and simply -spinuloso-dentate, nerve thin but distinct, reddish, reaching apex; -areolæ large hexagonal chlorophyllose. (I have no fruited specimen.) - -Watery places. Sussex (Mitten). - - -342. M. SPINOSUM. Voigt. St. robust, sub-ligneous; branches flagelliform -sub-arcuate; l. lower small squamiform, obtuse, margins plane; upper -obovate or oblong, acuminato-spathulate, larger, crisped when dry; -serration bi-geminate, spinulose, nerve excurrent; caps. oval-oblong, -reddish brown, slightly inclined or horizontal; lid conical, with an -obtuse beak: dioicous. - -Roots of trees, and shady sub-alpine rocks. Summer. - -Ben Lawers (McKinlay). - - -343. M. ORTHORHYNCHUM. Brid. St. ¼–1in. simple; l. lower scattered -ovate-acuminate, decurrent, upper ovate-lanceolate, doubly -spinuloso-serrate; all undulate and crisped when dry; caps. oval or -sub-pyriform horizontal; lid conical, with a blunt beak: dioicous. - -Woods, shady banks, &c. Yorkshire, Sussex. Spring. - - -344. M. SERRATUM. Brid. St. ½–1in. purplish, erect; l. lower reddish on -nerve and border, all varying from lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, -doubly spinuloso-serrate; per. l. lanceolate; caps. ovate or oval, -cernuous; lid large conical, with a short beak: synoicous. - -Moist shady rocks and banks. V. VI. - - -345. M. HORNUM. L. St. 1–3in. simple; l. linear-lanceolate, acuminate, -rigid, slightly decurrent, doubly spinuloso-serrate, nerve also -spinulose, not reaching apex; caps. large oblong-ovate, cernuous; lid -convex mammillate; seta curved at summit: dioicous. - -Shady moist banks and woods, common. V. - - -346. M. UNDULATUM. Hed. St. 1–3in. decumbent at base, sometimes -branched; l. oval-oblong or ligulate, upper very long, all undulate, -decurrent, and simply serrate, nerved generally to apex; caps. generally -several together, oval or oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: -dioicous. - -Moist shady banks and woods. IV. V. - - - _b._ L. without a cartilaginous border. - -347. M. STELLARE. Hed. St. ½–2in. erect; l. oval-acuminate or -ovate-lanceolate, simply serrate, decurrent, scarcely nerved to apex; -caps. solitary, ovate, horizontal or cernuous; lid convex blunt: -dioicous. (Does not fruit with us.) - -Shady rocks and banks. Yorkshire, Surrey. V. VI. - - - B. L. nearly entire, not bordered. - -348. M. CINCLIDIOIDES. Hueb. St. 2–4in. sometimes with slender branches; -l. lower oval obtuse, scarcely pointed, upper large oval ligulate obtuse -(marginal cells narrower), almost entire, slightly undulate, nerved -nearly to apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid convex pointed: dioicous. - -Wet and boggy places on mountains, Clova, &c. Summer. - - - C. L. entire, with a cartilaginous border. - -349. M. PUNCTATUM, Hed. St. ½–3in., erect, radiculose; l. obovate or -roundish obtuse, obscurely pointed, upper in a somewhat rosaceous tuft; -generally nerved to apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid conical, with a -longish beak: dioicous. - -Wet shady places. II. III. - - -350. M. SUBGLOBOSUM. B. & S. St. 1in. or more, erect; l. obovate or -roundish obtuse, not nerved to apex; border narrow sub-cartilaginous; -caps. roundish, contracted at mouth, sub-pendulous; lid small conical -beaked: synoicous. - -Marshes and bogs. III. - - - 52. CINCLIDIUM. SWARTZ. - -351. C. STYGIUM. Sw. St. 1–4in. tufted, erect, with purplish radicles; -l. roundish obovate, obtuse, pointed, rigid, very narrow at base, border -cartilaginous, nerved to or beyond apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, -pendulous, on a long seta, lid convex obtuse, sometimes pointed; -synoicous. - -Bogs. Malham Tarn (Nowell, Wilson). VI. VII. - - - 53. MIELICHHOFERIA. N. & H. - -352. M. NITIDA. Horn. “L. erecto-patent, larger and more crowded above, -ovate-lanceolate, serrated at apex; caps. sub-erect pyriform; lid -conical, very short.” - - var. β. _gracilis._ more densely tufted; l. shorter, more crowded, - imbricate; caps. erect. [Wils. Bry. Brit., p. 263.] - -Type not British; var. β. only found at head of Glen Callater, 1830 (Dr. -Greville); again in same locality, 1868 (Fergusson and Roy); Ingleby, -Yorkshire, 1862 (Mudd.) - - - 54. PALUDELLA. EHR. - -353. P. SQUARROSA. Brid. St. 2–6in. radiculose; l. obovate-lanceolate, -pointed, recurved above the middle, squarrose, nerved to and serrulate -at apex, margins recurved below; caps. elliptic-oblong gibbous, with a -short thick neck, inclined; lid mammillate. - -Boggy places. No fr. found in Britain. Summer. - - - 55. MEESIA. HEDW. - -354. M. ULIGINOSA. Hedw. St. ½–1in. radiculose, br. fastigiate; l. -lanceolate or linear obtuse (upper longer), entire, margin recurved, -scarcely nerved to apex; caps. pyriform, with a long tapering neck, -incurved, inclined; lid conical truncate; seta very long. - -Wet and boggy places. VII. VIII. - -[It is very questionable whether _M. longiseta_ has ever been found in -the British Islands.] - - - 56. AMBLYODON. P. BEAUV. - -355. A. DEALBATUS. P. B. St. ½–1in.; l. lanceolate broad, acute, margins -plane, slightly serrulate at apex, below which the strong nerve ceases; -caps. clavate or pyriform, incurved, inclined, mouth oblique, lid -conical, seta very long. - -Wet mountainous places. S. I. VI. VII. - - - 57. FUNARIA. SCHREB. - - - 1. Caps. cernuous on a straight seta, annulus none. - -356. F. HIBERNICA. Hook. St. ¼–½in.; l. oblong-oval, gradually tapering -to an acutely serrate point, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, -longer than in next species, on a seta twisting to left its whole length -when dry; lid concave. - -Chalky soil. Cork, Matlock, Conway. IV. V. - - -357. F. MUHLENBERGII. Schw. St. shorter than last; l. ovate-lanceolate, -suddenly tapering to a long bluntly serrate point, nerved nearly to -apex; caps. pyriform, on a seta when dry twisted at base to left, above -to right; lid convex obtuse with a reddish border. - -Limestone walls, banks, &c. IV. V. - - - 2. Caps. furrowed when dry, on a long arcuate seta, annulus present. - -358. F. HYGROMATRICA. Hedw. St. ¼–1in.; l. lower scattered, upper -ovate-lanceolate, concave, clustered into a bulb-like tuft, nerved to -apex, margins reflexed; caps. broadly pyriform, incurved, mouth oblique, -with a corrugate border; lid convex, with a red border. - -Banks and walls, old cinder heaps, &c., common, V.—IX. - - var. β. _patula._ st. slender branched; l. undulate, spreading, twisted - when dry. - - γ. _calvescens._ seta long and straight; caps. slender, almost - erect. - - -359. F. MICROSTOMA. B. & S. Habit of last, but smaller; l. in a comal -bud; caps. pyriform, turgid, not much furrowed when dry; mouth very -small, with a smooth border; inner perist. very imperfect. - -Damp stony places. VIII. IX. - -Maresfield, Sussex, 1864 (Mr. Mitten). - - - 58. ENTOSTHODON. SCHW. - -360. E. TEMPLETONI. Schw. St. about ¼in.; l. lower distant -ovate-acuminate, upper in a rosaceous tuft, obovate, acuminate, not -nerved to apex, scarcely serrulate; caps. clavate-pyriform, upright, -neck tapering, lid plano-convex. - -Crevices of rocks and shady places. E. S. I. W. VII. - - -361. E. MINIMUM. Hunt. (Mem. Lit. and Sci. Soc., Manchester, vol. V., p. -100, 1871–2.) St. ⅛–¼in. erect, gregarious; l. lower obovate, margin -reflexed, nerve thin, not reaching apex; upper oblong, sub-erect, -sub-canaliculate, margin recurved, crenulate above, nerve strong, nearly -reaching apex; areolæ large elongate hexagonal below, above shorter; -caps. obconical when dry, smooth, with a distinct neck and wide mouth; -seta erect, ⅛–¼in.; perist. half immersed, of 16 slender linear subulate -teeth; dioicous. - -Sandstone walls. Glasnevin, Dublin (D. Orr.) VIII. - - - 59. PHYSCOMITRIUM. BRID. - -362. P. ERICETORUM. De Not. St. ¼in.; l. lower, distant, small, upper in -a tuft, larger, obovate-lanceolate, with a thickened distantly serrate -margin, not nerved to apex; caps. small, pyriform, erect, lid almost -flat. - -Heaths, banks, stream sides, &c. III. IV. - - -363. P. FASCICULARE. B. & S. St. about ½in. tufted; l. ovate-oblong or -lanceolate, pointed serrate, not bordered; caps. obovate or pyriform, -tapering at base; lid convex. - -Fallow fields. IV. - - -364. P. PYRIFORME. B. & S. St. about ¼in., tufted; l. lower distant -ovate-lanceolate, above spathulate, pointed, serrate, uppermost longer -erect, not nerved to apex; caps. globose-pyriform erect, mouth small, -lid conical, calyptra sub-persistent, toothed at base. - -Moist banks and ditches. IV. - - -365. P. SPHŒRICUM. B. & S. St. scarcely ¼in.; l. oval-oblong or slightly -spathulate, acute, concave, entire; upper ones largest, nerved nearly to -apex; caps. sub-globose, mouth large; lid large conical; calyp. lobed -below. - -Dried-up mud. IX.–XI. - -Mere, Cheshire, 1834 (Wils.), J. Whitehead, Oct., 1870. - - - 60. BARTRAMIDULA. B. & S. - -366. B. WILSONI. B. & S. St. about ¼in. branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, somewhat secund, nerved nearly to or beyond apex, serrulate -above; caps. globoso-pyriform, generally pendulous, not striate; lid -convex or conical. - -Turfy soil on mountains. S. W. I. X. - - - 61. BARTRAMIA. HEDW. - - - 1. Caps. erect, perist. single. - -367. B. STRICTA. Brid. St. loosely tufted, glaucous green; l. -erecto-patent, rigid when dry, lanceolate-subulate, nerve excurrent into -a serrate arista; caps. ovate-globose furrowed when dry, seta four-sided -at summit, twisted to right when dry; lid convex or mammillate. [Bry. -Eur., IV., t. 316. Schp. Syn., 417.] - -On the ground and stones. Early summer. - -Maresfield, Sussex (Mitten), 1862. - - - 2. Caps. cernuous, perist. double. - - - _a._ Branches fastigiate. Monoicous. - -368. B. RIGIDA. Bals. & Not. St. ¼–½in.; br. erect or recurved; l. -erecto-patent, straight, rigid, lanceolate, finely serrulate, nerve -excurrent, cap., large, sub-spherical, furrowed when dry, and cernuous; -lid conical pointed; seta erect; inner perist. sometimes imperfect. - -Shady banks, mountains. IX. X. - - - _b._ Br. fasciculate: dioicous. - - - * L. plicate and sheathing at base. - -369. B. ARCUATA. Brid. St. 1–4in., with reddish brown radicles; l. -ovate-lanceolate from a broad erect sheathing base, scabrous, serrulate, -spreading; caps. sub-globose, almost pendulous, on an arcuate seta, -furrowed when dry. - -Waterfalls and wet rocks. IX. X. - - - * * L. not sheathing or plicate. (_Philonotis._) - -370. B. (PHILONOTIS) FONTANA. Brid. Stem 1–6in., with reddish black -radicles; l. ovate-acuminate, short and appressed or lanceolate secund, -or spreading and longer (generally plicate at base), nerve almost -excurrent; perig. l. obtuse, nerveless; caps. sub-globose large, -furrowed when dry. - -Springs and wet places. VI. - - var. β. _alpina._ st. short, l. ovate-lanceolate, mucronate. - - γ. _falcata._ l. falcato-secund, nerve thick. - - δ. _pumila._ plant smaller in all its parts. - - -371. B. (PHILONOTIS) CÆSPITOSA. Wils. MS. St. 1–2in. reddish, cæspitose, -radiculose below; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate, gradually -tapering from base upwards, concave, margins sub-serrulate not recurved, -nerved to apex, areolæ lax, largest at basal angles; perig. l. in a -stellate tuft, almost triangular from a very broad base, finely -sub-serrulate, nerved to apex. - -Walton swamp, Cheshire (Wilson): male plant only. - - -372. B. (PHILONOTIS) ADPRESSA. Fergusson. “Plant widely cæspitose, -erect, 2–3in. either dull, glaucous green, or reddish; l. papillose, -erect when moist, with one wide plica on each side of nerve, incurved -towards apex, slightly twisted when dry, widely ovate from an -amplexicaul base, not acuminate, apex either obtuse or cucullate, with a -very slight mucro, or in the more slender forms rather acute, margin -denticulate slightly reflexed; nerve very thick continuous; areolæ -small, ovoid above, shorter and wider towards the base.” [G. E. Hunt. -Mem. Lit. & Sci. Soc., Manchester, vol. V., 102, 1872.] - -Glen Prossen, &c., Clova (Fergusson); Glas Mheal, Perthshire 2500 ft. -(Hunt). - - -373. B. (PHILONOTIS) SERIATA. Mitt. _Musc. Ind. Orient._ “L. spirally -arranged, from a sub-erect base, patent towards apex, ovate acute -plicate, margin distinctly reflexed; areolæ linear above, small and -ovoid towards base; perig. l. from an erect dilated base, widely -spreading, cordatetriangular obtuse, areolæ small obscure -elongate-quadrangular, above large linear and reddish at base; nerve -thick, indistinct, continuous or vanishing below apex, margin slightly -denticulate.” [Hunt. loc. cit., p. 103.] - -Springs at head of Clova; Ben-na-Bourd (Gardiner). - - -374. B. (PHILONOTIS) CALCAREA. B. & S. St. about 2in.; l. -ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually from middle upwards, concave rigid -secund, margin serrulate, not reflexed, strongly nerved to apex; areolæ -large oblong, long hexagonal at base; perig. l. acute, triangular from a -broad erect base, nerved to apex: caps. sub-globose, inclined or -cernuous. - -Wet places. VII. - - - _c._ Branches dichotomous and fastigiate. - - - * monoicous. - -375. B. POMIFORMIS. Hedw. St. ½–2in.; l. spreading linear-lanceolate, -not concave, doubly spinuloso-serrate, rough, crisp when dry, nerve -slightly excurrent; caps. sub-globose, cernuous, lid small conical. - -Dry sandy banks. V. - - var. β. _crispa._ “l. longer, less crowded, branches often longer than - fruit-stalk.” - - -376. B. HALLERIANA. Hedw. St. 1–3in., radiculose below; l. spreading or -secund, linear-subulate from a broad pale erect sheathing base, rough, -serrate, nerve excurrent; caps. sub-globose, on a short curved seta. - -Moist alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VI. VII. - - - * * Synoicous. - -377. B. GRACILIS. Floerke, 1799. (_B. Oederi_, Swartz, 1800). St. -1–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate, recurved from an erect, not sheathing -base, crisped when dry, margins recurved, serrate above, keeled, smooth; -caps. small globose, oblique, lid convex. - -Moist shady rocks. V. - - -378. B. ITHYPHYLLA. Brid. St. ½–2in.; l. from an erect broad base -sharply bent back and lanceolate-subulate, rigid, serrulate, not crisped -when dry, broadly nerved to apex; caps. globose, almost erect or -cernuous. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VI. - - - 62. CONOSTOMUM. SWARTZ. - -379. C. BOREALE. Swartz. St. ½–2in. tufted, radiculose; l. imbricate -lanceolate acuminate, keeled, serrate, nerve excurrent into a mucro; -caps. globose, gibbous, cernuous; lid large beaked. - -Summits of Scotch mountains. VIII. IX. - - - 63. CATASCOPIUM. BRID. - -380. C. NIGRITUM. Brid. St. 1in. or more (Wilson says 2–6in. or more), -radiculose; l. lanceolate acute, margin reflexed entire, nerved nearly -to apex; upper ones largest; caps. small globose, dark-coloured or -black, cernuous; lid small conical. - -Moist alpine rocks, &c. - -Wilson says “fruits March (?)” My specimen from Fife is August. - - - 64. DISCELIUM. BRID. - -381. D. NUDUM. Brid. Stemless; l. few, ovate-lanceolate, entire, -concave, round the base of the seta, generally buried; seta ½–1in.; -caps. sub-globose reddish, cernuous, small; lid conical acute. - -Clay banks and beds. II.–IV. - -Near Manchester (Cayley); Todmorden (Hobkirk). - - - 65. SPLACHNUM. B. & S. - -382. S. VASCULOSUM. L. Stem ¼–1in. radiculose; l. roundish ovate, -obtuse, or ovate-acuminate, entire, narrow at base, not nerved to apex, -areolæ lax; caps. small cylindrical on a large globular apophysis; lid -convex: dioicous. - -Elevated wet places. VII. - - -383. S. AMPULLACEUM. L. St. about 1in.; l. lower lanceolate, upper -larger obovate or oblong-lanceolate, all serrate or sometimes entire, -acuminate, nerved nearly to apex; areolæ lax; seta dilated above into a -turbinate apophysis, bearing the small cylindrical caps.; the whole -shaped like the ancient _ampulla_; lid conical; mono- or dioicous. - -On dung in peaty places. V. VI. - - -384. S. SPHŒRICUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in.; l. roundish obovate, acuminate, -scarcely serrate, lower smaller, nerved nearly to apex; apophysis not -tapering, roundish ovate, about same width as cylindrical capsule; lid -mammillate: dioicous. - -Dung in moist peaty places. V. VI. - - - 66. TETRAPLODON. B. & S. - -385. T. MNIOIDES. B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. sub-erect obovate or -nearly elliptical, suddenly narrowed into a long piliferous point, -concave, entire, nerved to apex; caps. elliptical on a large obovate -apophysis of about same width; lid conical obtuse. - -Moist mountainous situations, on dung, &c. V. - - -386. T. ANGUSTATUS. B. & S. St. ½–2in. tufted; l. sub-erect, -ovate-lanceolate concave, narrowed into long tapering points, serrate; -caps. ovate on an obconical apophysis; lid conical obtuse. - -Dung on mountains, rare. VII. VIII. - - - 67. TAYLORIA. HOOKER. - -387. T. SERRATA. B. & S. St. scarcely 1in.; l. erecto-patent, recurved -above, oblong-obovate, lower ovate-lanceolate acuminate, serrate above, -not nerved to apex; caps. oval on a long tapering apophysis; lid convex -obtuse. - - var. γ. _tenuis._ “l. broader and shorter, caps. smaller on a more - slender stalk, much contracted when dry, columella exserted.” - Wils. - -Normal form not found in Britain—only var. γ on turfy soil on Scotch -mountains. VII. VIII. - - - 68. DISSODON. GREV. - -388. D. FROELICHIANUS. Grev. “St. cæspitose or scattered; l. -ovate-oblong obtuse, nerve ceasing below apex; caps. (with apophysis) -clavato-pyriform; lid conical; teeth of perist. in pairs.” [Wils. Bry. -Brit., 296.] - -Doubtful native; said to have been found on Ben High, Aberdeen, by Mr. -Dickson, but the specimen in Herb. Turner is not certain. - -389. D. SPLACHNOIDES. Grev. St. 1–4in. radiculose; l. erecto-patent, -oval-oblong or lingulate obtuse, margin plane, not nerved to apex; caps. -obovate with a short tapering neck; lid conical pointed; columella -exserted when dry. - -Wet mountainous bogs. Scotland. VIII. - - - 69. ŒDIPODIUM. SCHW. - -390. Œ. GRIFFITHIANUM. Schw. St. ¼–½in, tufted; barren often much -longer; l. obovate-roundish, obtuse, fringed below, not nerved to apex; -caps. obovate or pyriform, neck tapering into a thick succulent seta; -lid convex obtuse. - -Crevices of mountainous rocks. VII. VIII. - - - 70. SCHISTOSTEGA. MOHR. - -391. S. OSMUNDACEA. W. & M. St. ¼–½in.; l. bifarious, insertion -vertical, lanceolate, pale green; caps. small, sub-globose, mouth large; -lid convex; young plant, when growing in caves, emitting a beautiful -golden green light. - -Sandstone caves and banks, not rare. III. - - - 71. FISSIDENS. HEDW. - - - I. Fructif. terminal. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -392. F. EXILIS. Hedw. St. ⅛in. simple; l. few, lower small ovate, upper -lanceolate-oblong oblique, acute, margin not bordered, serrulate, nerved -to apex, dorsal wing not reaching to base of leaf; caps. -elliptic-oblong, erect, lid conical obliquely rostrate. - -Shady banks and woods, not frequent. E. S. I. I.—III. - - -393. F. VIRIDULUS. L. St. ¼in. about; l. lanceolate acute, entire, -bordered, crisped when dry, dorsal wing not reaching to base, nerved -nearly to apex; caps. oval-oblong erect; lid conical with a blunt point; -perist. immersed; barren fl. on a short branch. - -Shady banks, rivulets on stones, &c. VIII. IX. - - -394. F. INCURVUS. Schw. St. ¼in. about, ascending from a decumbent base; -l. lanceolate oblong apiculate, narrowly margined, nerve ceasing near -the serrate apex; caps. oval oblique, curved, rarely erect, lid conical -rostellate; perist. not immersed; barren fl. sessile at base of stem. -[Schp. Syn. 104.] - -Shady banks, Cheshire; Hurst-pier-point. II. III. - - var. _Lylei._ l. scarcely margined, narrow; perist. immersed. - Cheshire, rare. - - -395. F. PUSILLUS. Wils. St. shorter; l. erect, acute, narrow; caps. -sub-erect; perist. immersed. - -Sandstone rocks. - - -396. F. CRASSIPES. Wils. St. ¼–¾in.; plant more robust; l. larger, -broader, and more numerous; caps. obovate-roundish on a short seta, -erect. - -Sluices. Sandford, near Oxford. X. XI. - - -397. F. BRYOIDES. Hedw, St. ¼–½in.; l. lanceolate apiculate, with a -thickened margin, dorsal wing reaching to, and broad at, the base, -strongly nerved to or beyond apex; caps. elliptical erect, symmetrical; -lid conical, acutely rostellate; barren fl. axillary. - -Shady banks, frequent. I.—III. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -398. F. OSMUNDIOIDES. Hedw. St. 1–2in. tufted, erect, radiculose; l. -lower scattered, small, upper larger crowded, ovate-lanceolate obtuse, -apiculate, margin not thickened, almost entire, not nerved to apex, the -latter sometimes toothed; caps. small oval-oblong, sub-erect; lid large -convex rostrate. - -Wet mountainous rocks. X. XI. - - -399. F. ASPLENIOIDES. Hedw. St. (in var. β. only found in Britain) -3–12in.; l. linear-lanceolate or ligulate entire, obtuse, incurved when -dry; caps. sub-erect obovate, slightly incurved; lid rostrate, as long -as capsule; barren fl. axillary or terminal. - - var. β. _polyphyllos._ “branches arcuate, l. wider, rather acute, more - strongly nerved, serrulate at apex, barren fl. numerous - axillary.” [Wils. Bry. Brit.] Moist shady rocks on mountains. - W. I. - - - II. Fructif. lateral. - -400. _F. adiantoedes._ Hedw. St. 1–2in. branched, leafy; l. -ovate-lanceolate, finely serrulate below, dentate at apex, nerved almost -or quite to apex; border sometimes thickened; caps. oval-oblong, -constricted at mouth when dry, cernuous; lid with a long beak: -monoicous. - -Shady wet rocks and bogs. X.–IV. - - -401. F. TAXIFOLIUS. Hedw. St. about ½in. fasciculate from base; l. -lanceolate, pointed, not bordered, finely crenulate, nerved almost to -apex; caps. almost ovate, inclined on a seta curved at summit, and -inserted at base of stem, lid large convex with a long oblique beak: -monoicous. - -Moist shady banks. XII.—II. - - -402. F. DECIPIENS. De Not. St. about ½in. fasciculate from base; l. -lower distant, coulter-shaped, upper imbricate patulous, oblong-ligulate -acute or mucronulate, dorsal wing narrow, nerve strongly excurrent, -excavate; the cultriform lobe of the upper leaves obliquely acute, -longer than half the leaf, upper part strongly serrate; caps. ovate, -somewhat constricted at base, erect or inclined; lid large rounded -beaked: dioicous. [De Notaris, Epilogo Briol. Ital. 1869, p. 480.] - -Damp rocks and old walls. - - -403. F. TAMARINDIFOLIUS. Donn. St. about ½in. fasciculate, slender; l. -elliptical “sub-falciform apiculate,” with an entire pellucid -cartilaginous border, nerved to apex; caps. ovate-oblong curved -inclined; lid short conical, with a bluntish point. - -Banks, &c. II. III. - - - - - DIVISION II. PLEUROCARPI. - - -72. ANŒCTANGIUM. B. & S. - -404. A. COMPACTUM. Schw. St. 1–4in. densely tufted, slender; l. short, -lanceolate spreading from an erect base, acuminate, slightly serrulate -near the base only, nerved to or beyond apex; caps. oval-oblong erect; -lid long convex, with a slender oblique beak. - -Crevices of moist alpine rocks. Autumn. - - -405. A. HORNSCHUCHIANUM. Hoppe. “St. elongate cæspitose; l. -linear-subulate from a dilated base, channelled, entire; caps. -roundish-pyriform: lid rostrate.” Wils. “L. upper part of dilated base -is always more or less distinctly crenate or serrulate, from thence to -the apex entire.” W. Mitten, Jour. of Bot., vol. V., p. 329. [Mr. Mitten -refers Dr. Taylor’s plant from Ireland to _Tortula Hibernica_, by which -name it is described under that genus.] - - - 73. LEUCODON. SCHW. - -406. L SCIUROIDES. Schw. St. or branches 1in. from a creeping rhizome; -l. imbricate, ovate, entire, tapering to a point, plicate, somewhat -secund; per. l. longer, all nerveless; caps. long elliptical erect; lid -conical beaked. - -Trees, walls, rocks, &c. IX. - - -407. L. LAGURUS. Hook. St. ½–1in., tomentous; l. ovate, suddenly -contracted to a piliferous point, concave, serrulate near apex, nerved -half way; caps. cylindrical; lid with a short curved beak. - -Trees and rocks. - - var. β. _borealis._ “st. not tomentous; l. auriculate and serrate at - base, more concave and more suddenly attenuated, with longer - points; faintly two-nerved at base only.” Wils. N. Uist, - Hebrides, 1851. - - - 74. ANTITRICHIA. BRID. - -408. A. CURTIPENDULA. Brid. St. 3–8in. straggling, pinnately branched; -l. ovate, concave, sharply curved to a roughly toothed point, which ends -in a double hook in the younger ones, nerved half way, margins recurved; -caps. roundish elliptical drooping; lid with an oblique beak. - -Rocks and trees. IV. - - - 75. LEPTODON. BRID. - -409. L. SMITHII. Brid. St. 1–3in. creeping, branches pinnate or -bipinnate; l. ovate, rounded and obtuse at apex, entire, margin recurved -below, nerved more than half way; per. l. erect ovate-subulate; caps. -elliptical horizontal on a short curved seta; lid with an oblique beak. - -Trees. Devon, &c. IV. - - - 76. ANOMODON. H. & T. - -410. A. VITICULOSUS. H. & T. St. 1–2in. from a creeping rhizome rigid; -l. more or less secund or spreading from an ovate base lingulate or -subulate, obtuse, entire, nerve pellucid, almost reaching apex; caps. -almost cylindrical erect, on a yellowish seta; lid large conical -rostrate. - -Shady limestone rocks, trees. XI. - - -411. A. ATTENUATUS. Hueb. (_Hypnum_, Schreb. _Leskea_, Hedwig.) St. -1–2in. procumbent with incurved branches; l. imbricate, sometimes -secund, ovate-lanceolate from a narrow base, acute, scarcely nerved to -apex; per. l. narrower nerveless; areolæ minute opaque; caps. -cylindrical erect; lid conical, with an oblique beak: dioicous. - -Damp rocks and rotten tree trunks. Den of Airlie, Forfarshire -(Fergusson), 1868. - - -412. A. LONGIFOLIUS. Hartm. Rhizomes slenderer than No. 410, branches -sub-fasciculate; l. somewhat secund, from an ovate base lanceolate -tapering, very acute, nerved to apex; caps. ovate-oblong on a short -seta; lid large conical rostellate. - -Scotch mountains; fr. not found in Britain. Autumn. - - - 77. HABRODON. SCHP. - -413. H. NOTARISII. Schpr. (_Pterogonium perpusillum_, De Not.) St. -creeping, irregularly branched; l. spreading squarrose opaque, imbricate -and shining when dry, from an ovate base longly acuminate, nerveless, -entire; per. l. internal with erose margins; caps. oval-oblong erect, -slightly striate, and contracted at mouth when dry; lid conical erose. -[Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc. III. IV.] - -Trunks of elm and white thorn. Spring. - -Windermere and Devon (J. Nowell); Killin, Perthshire (A. McKinlay), -July, 1865; Ben Lawers (Hunt). - - - 78. PTEROGONIUM. SWARTZ. - -414. PT. FILIFORME. Hedw. St. creeping, with incurved fasciculate -branches; l. imbricate or secund, elliptical, concave, papillose at -back, serrulate at pointed apex, margin recurved; nerved half way, or -shortly two-nerved at base; caps. elliptical erect; lid conical, -obliquely rostrate. - -Mountainous rocks and tree trunks. S. I. Spring. - - -415. PT. GRACILE. Sw. Rhizome creeping, with arcuate stems, and incurved -fasciculate branches; l. spreading, (appressed when dry) ovate, concave, -acute, serrate near apex, margin not recurved, slightly two-nerved at -base; caps. oblong, longer and thicker than last; lid conical, shorter, -not rostrate. - -Shady sub-alpine rocks and walls, and trees. XI. - - - 79. ISOTHECIUM. BRID. - -416. I. MYURUM. Dill. St. 1–2in. from a creeping stoloniferous rhizome, -with fasciculate branches; l. elliptical concave, not tapering but -serrulate at apex, nerved half way, singly or forked; per. l. erect; -caps. ovate, erect, with a long rostrate lid: dioicous. - -Trees and rocks. X. - - - 80. CLIMACIUM. W. & M. - -417. C. DENDROIDES. W. & M. St. 1–3in. erect, with long spreading -branches; l. ovate-lanceolate, serrulate at apex: st. l. acute, br. l. -obtuse, nerved nearly to apex; per. l. nerveless, entire; caps. erect -ovate-oblong, with a pointed beak. - -Boggy places. X.–I. - - - 81. CYLINDROTHECIUM. BRY. EUR. - -418. C. MONTAGNEI. Bry. Eur. Müller. St. 1–2in., branches pinnate, -recurved, cuspidate; l. elliptical acute entire, rather obtuse, faintly -two-nerved at base, margin recurved below; marginal basal cells large -and pellucid; caps. cylindrical, erect, on a long seta, and with a blunt -lid: dioicous. - -Limestone hills. S. E. Autumn. - - - 82. LESKEA. HED. - - - A. L. not striate. - - - _a._ l. nerveless, or faintly two-nerved. - -419. L. MONILIFORMIS. Wahl. St. ½in. slender tufted, branched; l. -imbricate, nearly round, obtuse, very concave, nerveless, denticulate at -base; per. l. ovate-lanceolate; caps. almost erect, small, oval-oblong, -with a short beak. - -Alpine rocks. E. S. I. Summer. - - -420. L. APICULATA. Hueb. [_Myurella._] Loosely cæspitose, soft and -fragile; l. loosely imbricate or patent, ovate, very concave, often with -a recurved apiculus, opaque; perist. pale, small. [Bryol. Eur., v. t. -560.] - -Moist rocky ground. Ben Lawers. Summer. - - -421. L. MICANS. Wils. [_Hypnum._ Bry. Brit. 402.] St. prostrate, very -slender, filiform, branched; l. almost orbicular, concave, apiculate, -serrulate, sometimes faintly two-nerved at base; fruit not known. - -Shady rocks. S. of Ireland. - - -422. L. POLYANTHA. Hedw. Stem short creeping, branched; branches -incurved above; l. crowded sub-secund, ovate-acuminate, suddenly -apiculate, with apiculus sometimes slightly serrulate, nerveless; caps. -elliptic-oblong erect, broader below, with a conical bluntish lid and -long calyptra: monoicous. - -Trees. E. S. W. VII. VIII. - - - _b._ l. nerved. - -423. L. PULVINATA. Wahl. St. ½in. procumbent, slenderly branched; l. -imbricate elliptic-ovate, narrowed below, concave entire, nerved half -way, or two-nerved at base; areolæ large, almost hexagonal; per. l. -nerveless; caps. almost erect, oval-oblong; lid conical pointed, falling -early: monoicous. - -Roots of trees near rivers, &c. V. VI. - - -424. L. POLYCARPA. Ehr. St. longer, densely tufted; almost pinnately -branched; l. imbricate, sub-secund, ovate, tapering, stoutly nerved -nearly to apex, margin entire, reflexed below; per. l. erect, striate; -caps. cylindrical, erect, lid conical acute: monoicous. - -Roots of trees. V. VI. - - var. β. _paludosa_, generally more lax; caps. longer. - - - B. L. striate. - -425. L. SERICEA. Dill. St. 1in. or more, creeping, branched; branches -erect, curved; l. imbricate, sub-secund, lanceolate, long tapering, -scarcely nerved to apex; areolæ very narrow; caps. almost erect, -cylindrical, tapering above, on a rough seta; lid conical, obliquely -beaked: dioicous. - -Walls, rocks, and trunks of trees. XI.–III. - - -426. L. RUFESCENS. Hall. St. 1–3in. erect, branched, with reddish brown -foliage; l. imbricate, almost erect, lanceolate, long tapering, often -almost piliferous, nerveless, margins plane; caps. generally erect -cylindrical, on a long smooth seta; lid shortly conical: dioicous. - -Moist shady alpine rocks. S. X. - -427. L. SUBRUFA. Wils. St. about 1in. or less, erect, branched; foliage, -young green, older brownish; l. almost erect, sub-secund, lanceolate, -long tapering, nerveless, entire; caps. ovate, tapering below, almost -erect; lid conical pointed; dioicous. Fruit not found in Britain. - -Sub-alpine rocks. Summer. - - - 83. HYPNUM. DILL. - - -_Sub-genus_ I. THUYIDIUM. St. erect, pinnate or bipinnate, with numerous - branched villi; l. densely papillose on the back; nerve single. - - - _a._ St. simply pinnate. - -428. H. (THUYIDIUM.) ABIETINUM. Dill. St. 2–4in. rigid, reddish, not -always erect; br. slightly drooping crowded; l. imbricate, -erecto-patent, more or less secund; st. l. ovate or cordate acuminate, -serrulate near apex, plicate; br. l. narrower, less plicate; all -papillose on back and keel, nerved nearly to apex; areolæ dot-like; -caps. oblong-cylindrical, arcuate, cernuous; lid conical: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks, chalk hills, &c. Spring. - - -429. H. (THUYIDIUM) BLANDOVII. W. & M. St. 3in. erect, flexible; br. -slender, spreading; l. loosely imbricate, erect from a spreading base, -broadly ovate or sub-cordate, acute, narrowed at base almost to a -pedicel, keeled, serrulate, not papillose on keel, thinly nerved nearly -to apex, margin recurved: areolæ larger, sub-hexagonal; caps. oblong, -curved, cernuous; lid conical, with a blunt point: monoicous. - -Bogs, rare. V. - -430. H. (THUYIDIUM) DECIPIENS. De Not. (_H. rigidulum._ Ferg.) St. -2–4in. rigid, villous, with short attenuate branches; st. l. distant, -sub-squarrose, deltoid-ovate, suddenly acuminate auricled, concave -serrate, papillose on both sides, sometimes secund above; br. l. -smaller, crowded, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, spreading or secund, nerved -half way or more; areolæ large hexagonal and pellucid at base, above -oval-elongate confused (Fergusson). - -Springs and streams. Ben Lawers (Dr. Stirton), 1866; Clova, 2800 ft. -(Fergusson), 1868; Auchinblae, 800 ft. (Sim and Fergusson); Glas Mheal, -Perthshire, 2500 ft. (G. E. Hunt). All barren. - - - _b._ St. bi- or tri-pinnate: dioicous. - -431. H. (THUYIDIUM) DELICATULUM. L. St. elongate, erect or procumbent, -bipinnate; br. drooping, often rooting at apex; l. broadly cordate or -ovate-acuminate, sub-striate, papillose or muricate on back and keel, -nerved nearly to apex, which is finely serrulate; caps. sub-cylindrical -curved, cernuous, pale brown, lid large conical, not rostrate. - -Limestone and chalk rocks, &c. VII. VIII. - - -432. H. (THUYIDIUM) TAMARISCINUM. Hedw. St. elongate, arched, -procumbent, interruptedly tri-pinnate; br. not rooting; st. l. cordate -acuminate, plicate; br. l. ovate, obtuse; all papillose at back, but not -so much so as last; serrulate near and nerved almost to apex; caps. -oblong-cylindrical, curved, cernuous, purplish red; lid large conical, -with a long beak. - -Woods and banks, frequent. XI. - - -_Sub-genus_ II. PTYCHODIUM. Branches sub-pinnate; l. patent and secund, - often deeply sulcate, thinly nerved to apex; areolæ shortly linear, - quadrate at the angles; caps. cernuous, horizontal, ovate; per. teeth - dense and narrow, lamellose, cilia rudimentary. - - -433. H. (PTYCHODIUM) PLICATUM. Schl. St. creeping, tomentous; branches -ascending incurved; l. ovate, imbricate, pointed, margin recurved; per. -l. twice as large; caps. ovate-oblong, small, on a half-inch reddish -seta: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks. S. IV. (?) - - - _Sub-genus_ III. CAMPTOTHECIUM. Stems trailing in part, sub-erect, - branched; l. silky, striate, thinly nerved, areolæ narrowly linear; -caps. cernuous, on a smooth or rough incurved seta; lid shortly rostrate - or conical; internal perist. with long cilia. - - -434. H. (CAMPTOTHECIUM) LUTESCENS. Dill. St. about 3in. irregularly -branched, sometimes pinnate; l. narrowly lanceolate, tapering to a long -point, entire, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oblong arcuate, on a rough -seta; lid conical, beaked: monoicous. - -Rocks and woods (limestone and sandstone). IV. - - -435. H. (CAMPTOTHECIUM) NITENS. Dill. St. 2–4in. erect, almost pinnate, -radiculose; branches short spreading; l. erecto-patent, lanceolate, long -tapering, acute, not nerved to apex, entire, margin recurved; caps, -arcuate oblong, on a long smooth seta; lid conical: dioicous. - -Bogs. E. S. IV. V. - - - _Sub-genus_ IV. BRACHYTHECIUM. Plants upright or prone, irregularly -branched; l. silky, patent or sub-secund, more or less decurrent, thinly - nerved, striate; areolæ narrowly hexagono-rhomboid, generally quadrate -at basal angles; caps. ovate, sub-globose, or oblong, often turgid, lid - conical. - - - _a._ Seta smooth. - -436. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) MILDEANUM. Schp. St. ½ to 1in. erect branched; -l. sub-erect, long lanceolate, gradually tapering from a broadish base -into a long slender point, almost piliferous, plicate when dry, margins -plane, thinly nerved more than half way; areolæ long and narrow, broader -at base and quadrate at basal angles; caps. obovate-oblong or -unsymmetrical, much curved cernuous, constricted at mouth when dry, on a -red twisted seta; lid conical, tapering to a blunt apex, tipped with an -apiculus. - -Sands. Southport, Fifeshire, Dublin, Cornwall. X. XI. - - -437. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) SALEBROSUM. Hoffm. St. 1–2in. procumbent -sub-pinnate; l. shortly ovate-acuminate, serrulate, only slightly -striate, nerved more than half way; caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid -conical, scarcely beaked: monoicous. - -Trees. XI. - -Near Kirkham Abbey, Yorks. (R. Spruce); Sussex (Mitten). - - -438. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) GLAREOSUM. Bruch. St. about 2in. sub-procumbent, -branches sometimes sub-pinnate; l. erecto-patent from an ovate base, -gradually tapering into a long slender, sometimes twisted, sub-serrulate -apex, margin reflexed below; caps. ovate-oblong, cernuous arcuate; lid -conical, with a distinct beak: dioicous. - -Woods and shady banks. XI. - - -439. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) ALBICANS. Dill. St. about 2in. upright; l. -spreading, appressed when dry, ovate-acuminate, concave, entire, nerved -more than half way; caps. ovate small, scarcely curved, cernuous, on a -slender seta; young foliage pale green, greyish brown below: dioicous. - -Sandy grassy places. XI. XII. - - - _b._ Seta rough. - -440. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) VELUTINUM. Dill. St. short creeping, with erect -branches; l. sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, prolonged into a short -serrulate taper point; nerved half way or more, margin reflexed below; -per. l. almost piliferous; caps. roundish ovate cernuous; lid conical -pointed; monoicous. - -Walls, sandy hedge banks, roots of trees, &c. XI. XII. - - -441. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) REFLEXUM. Seliger. St. more or less arched, -procumbent, and rooting at extremities; branches sub-pinnate, slender, -incurved; l. shortly ovate-cordate, acuminate, serrate, nerved almost or -quite to apex, margin reflexed, areolæ large; caps. small, roundish -ovate, horizontal; lid conical pointed: monoicous. - -Scottish mountains. Spring. - - -442. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) RUTABULUM. Dill. St. long, loosely tufted, -procumbent, and rooting at extremities, with erect branches; l. ovate, -concave, acuminate, serrulate, striate when dry; thinly nerved, above -half way; caps. ovate-oblong, arcuate, cernuous on a very rough seta; -lid bluntly pointed: monoicous. - -Banks, walls, and trees. Common. IX.—III. - - var. δ. _plumulosum._ Sch. l. narrower, tapering, not acuminate. Sands, - Southport. - - -443. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) CAMPESTRE. B. & S. St. loosely cæspitose, -prostrate or ascending, much branched; l. erecto-patent, longly -ovate-lanceolate, more or less subulato-acuminate, serrulate, thinly -nerved more than half way, plicate, shining; per. l. recurved squarrose -from the middle, piliferous; caps. oblong-cylindrical sub-arcuate, on a -slightly roughened seta. (Sch. Synopsis, 543.) - -Grassy places, fields, &c. Winter and Spring. - -Maresfield, Sussex (Mr. Mitten); Spec, in Herb. Kew. “Newchurch, Over, -Cheshire, W. W. Dec. 13, 1837.” - - -444. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) RIVULARE. Bruch. St. arched, slender; branches -slender, incurved, sub-pinnate; l. deltoid-ovate, gradually tapering, -not suddenly acuminate, serrate, nerved above half way, decurrent: caps. -short roundish ovate arcuate, cernuous; lid large conical acute -rostellate: dioicous. - -Stones, &c., by rivulets in shady woods; sometimes in water, when the -st. are often very elongate. IX. - - -445. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) POPULEUM. Hedw. St. creeping, sub-pinnate; l. -narrowly ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a long serrulate point, margin -reflexed, nerved to apex; caps. small roundish ovate, slightly cernuous -or nearly erect; lid conical, very acute, sub-persistent on the ripe -fruit: monoicous. - -Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. IX.—II. - - var. β. _nutans._ Brid. branches longer, caps. distinctly cernuous. - - -446. H. (BRACHYTHECIUM) PLUMOSUM. Swartz. St. creeping; branches long, -frequently erect, sub-pinnate; l. ovate, concave, acuminate, sub-secund, -serrulate near apex, nerved above half way; caps. small roundish ovate, -cernuous, seta roughish at summit only; lid conical acute: monoicous. - -Sub-alpine shady rocks, stones in rivulets, walls, &c. X.—III - - -_Sub-genus_ V. SCLEROPODIUM. Areolation vermicular, slightly dilated and - excavate at angles; caps. on a rough seta, sub-erect or cernuous, - turgid, ovate or oblong and sub-incurved. - -447. H. (SCLEROPODIUM) CÆSPITOSUM. Wils. St. densely tufted, creeping; -branches slender, short, incurved; l. sub-secund, ovate, small, concave, -serrulate, nerved above half way; caps. sub-cylindrical, slightly -arcuate, sub-erect; lid long rostellate; dioicous. - -Damp walls and roots of trees. XI. - -Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, Sussex. - - -448. H. (SCLEROPODIUM) ILLECEBRUM. L. St. procumbent, sometimes -sub-pinnate, branches incurved obtuse; l. roundish ovate, pointed, very -concave, imbricate, serrulate, tip slightly recurved; nerve reaching -above half way, its tip slightly projecting from back of leaf; caps. -ovate-oblong cernuous, somewhat ventricose; lid bluntly conical -apiculate: dioicous. - -Banks and rocks near the sea. XI. XII. - -Hampshire, Anglesea. - - - _Sub-genus_ VI. EURYNCHIUM. More or less pinnately branched; areolæ - narrowly rhomboid or sub-vermicular, dilated at the angles; caps. - cernuous and horizontal, on a smooth or rough seta; lid with a long - beak. - - - _a._ _Striatæ._ l. sub-scariose, shining, more or less distinctly - sulcate; areolæ long and narrow. - - - 1. Seta smooth. - -449. H. (EURYNCHIUM) MYOSUROIDES. L. (_Isothecium myosuroides._ Bry. -Brit. 323.) St. slender; branches fasciculate incurved; l. somewhat -spreading, from an ovate base lanceolate acuminate, serrulate, nerved -more than half way; caps. elliptic-oblong, more or less inclined, on a -twisted or curved seta; lid conical, with a short beak: dioicous. - -Trunks of trees and rocks. XI. - - -450. H. (EURYNCHIUM) STRIGOSUM. Hoffm. St. 1in. sub-erect or creeping, -scarcely pinnate; l. roundish ovate or cordate, concave, rather obtuse, -serrate, nerved above half way, margin recurved below; caps. -sub-cylindrical, curved, small; lid conical, with a longish curved beak: -parasitico-monoicous. - -Roots of trees, rocks, &c. XI. - -Cornwall (Tozer in Herb. Hook.) Spring. - - -451. H. (EURYNCHIUM) DIMORPHUM. Brid. St. 1–2in. procumbent, branches -very slender, more or less pinnate; st. l. ovate-acuminate, spreading -recurved; br. l. ovate, concave obtuse, sub-erect, all serrulate and -shortly two-nerved; areolæ quadrate on margin, the rest larger, longer -and less opaque; caps. oblong, almost horizontal; lid conical, without -beak: dioicous. - -Ben Lawers. Barren. Summer (?) - - -452. H. (EURYNCHIUM) CATENULATUM. Schwg. St. about ½in. creeping, with -erect very slender branches; l. very small, ovate acute, entire concave, -margin recurved below, broadly nerved half way or more; caps. -oval-oblong slightly curved, sub-erect or cernuous; lid large, with a -distinct beak: dioicous. - -Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. - - Summer. - -Scotland; Yorkshire. Fr. not known in Britain. - - -453. H. (EURYNCHIUM) HETEROPTERUM. Bruch. St. procumbent, more or less -pinnate, often rooting at apex; l. ovate-acuminate, small, more or less -secund, denticulate, somewhat papillose at back; nerved singly half way, -or short and forked; caps. oblong, scarcely curved, almost erect; lid -with a long beak: dioicous. - -Moist rocks near waterfalls. XI. - -Ireland, Wales, Todmorden. - - -454. H. (EURYNCHIUM) CIRCINNATUM. Brid. St. short, sub-erect arched: -branches curved and drooping; l. very small ovate, pointed, sub-secund, -serrulate at apex, thickly nerved nearly to apex; areolæ oval, smaller -and quadrate at base; caps. oblong cernuous, curved; lid large, with a -long oblique or curved beak: dioicous. - -Shady limestone rocks and walls. III. - - -455. H. (EURYNCHIUM) STRIATULUM. Spruce. St. short creeping, tufted; -branches short crowded, erect; l. erecto-patent, ovate, long taper -pointed, serrate, sub-striate, strongly nerved more than half way; basal -areolæ opaque minute; caps. oblong cernuous; lid roundish, with a long -pointed beak: dioicous. - -Shady limestone rocks and roots of trees. XII. - - -456. H. (EURYNCHIUM) STRIATUM. Hedw. Much larger than the last in all -its parts; stems loosely tufted, arched, sub-pinnate; branches drooping; -l. gradually tapering from a broad cordate base, almost squarrose, -serrate, striate, nerved more than half way; caps. almost cylindrical, -curved, cernuous; lid large, with a long slender curved beak: dioicous. - -Woods and shady banks. XII. - - - 2. Seta rough. - -457. H. (EURYNCHIUM) CRASSINERVIUM. Tayl. St. creeping, branches erect; -l. spreading ovate, sharply pointed serrate concave, margin reflexed, -nerve thick, reaching more than half way, sometimes forked: caps. -elliptic-oblong small curved, cernuous; lid large, with a very long -slender oblique beak; dioicous. - -Shady limestone rocks. XI. - - -458. H. (EURYNCHIUM) PILIFERUM. Vaill. St. 2–3in. slender, procumbent, -branched; l. imbricate erecto-patent, elliptical serrulate, suddenly -contracted into a long serrulate, almost piliferous point, concave, -nerved half way; caps. oblong cernuous, slightly arcuate, lid with a -long beak. - -Shady banks and woods. Fr. rare. XI. - - -459. H. (EURYNCHIUM) CIRRHOSUM. Schwg. Stems erect or procumbent, with a -few erect branches; l. imbricate elliptic, more oblong than the last (of -which it may be only a variety, though very different in many points), -entire except the long narrow points, which are serrulate and suddenly -geniculate or reflexed where the point joins the blade; concave, nerved -half way. Never been found in fruit. - -Summit of Ben Lawers, 1823 (Dr. Arnott). - - -_b._ _Prælongæ._ l. opaque, scarcely sulcate, areolæ almost as broad as - long; seta rough. - - - * Synoicous. - -460. H. (EURYNCHIUM) SPECIOSUM. Brid. St. creeping, with short erect, -almost complanate branches; l. ovate serrulate, nerved almost to acute -apex, bright green; caps. ovate or obovate, cernuous; lid with a long -pointed beak. - -Stones near springs, sometimes in water. XII. - - - * * Dioicous. - -461. H. (EURYNCHIUM) PRŒLONGUM. Dill. St. long, arched or procumbent, -often bipinnate, branches slender; l. squarrose recurved, broadly -cordate, and suddenly tapering to a long point, amplexicaul, nerve -carried nearly to base of point; br. l. lanceolate acuminate, all -serrate: per. l. nerveless; caps. small oval-oblong, obliquely cernuous; -lid with a long tapering slender beak. - -Moist shady banks. XI. - - -462. H. (EURYNCHIUM) HIANS. Hedw. Sp. Musc. 272. t. 70. L. roundish -ovate, spreading, areolæ large. [Mueller Syn. II., 447.] - -Sussex (Mr. Mitten). - -463. H. (EURYNCHIUM) PUMILUM. Wils. St. creeping, filiform; br. slender, -sub-pinnate sub-complanate; l. minute ovate, shortly pointed, spreading -sub-serrulate, faintly nerved half way; per. l. smaller, recurved; caps. -short roundish ovate, cernuous; lid rather large, with an oblique beak. - -Shady rocks and hedge banks. E. S. I. XI. - -464. H. (EURYNCHIUM) STOKESII. Turn. St. densely cæspitose, branches -ascending, simple below, above densely pinnate and bipinnate; st. l. -distant, acutely cordate, shortly acuminate, and triquetrous, recurved; -br. l. ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent, all thinly nerved, and serrate; -caps. oblong ventricose horizontal, olive-coloured; lid with a long -straight subulate beak from a conical base. (Syn. 562. Bry. Eur. V. -526.) - -Stones and rocks in woods, &c. - - Autumn. - - -465. H. (EURYNCHIUM) SWARTZII. Turn. St. creeping, with short erect -branches; l. uniform, ovate not acuminate, serrate, nerved more than -half way; caps. roundish ovate, cernuous, reddish brown; lid with a long -oblique beak. - -Moist banks and rocks; frequent. XI. - - -_Sub-genus_ VII. HYOCOMIUM. St. prostrate; l. broadly obcordate, with a - long apiculus, decurrent, shortly two-nerved; areolæ, above - flexuoso-linear, middle narrowly rectangular, angles broadly hexagonal - or rectangular; caps. on a thick seta, oval, turgid, cernuous; lid - mammillate. - -466. H. (HYOCOMIUM) FLAGELLARE. Dicks. St. 1in. or more, arched pinnate; -br. sub-fasciculate, recurved; st. l. squarrose, broadly cordate -acuminate, slightly striate; br. l. less spreading, sub-secund, roundish -ovate, less acuminate; all sharply serrate and mostly two-nerved at -base, or nerveless; per. l. almost erect, much narrower; caps. -ovate-oblong, curved, cernuous, on a rough seta: dioicous. - -Moist shady rocks by cascades, &c. X. XI. - - - _Sub-genus_ VIII. RHYNCHOSTEGIUM. Plants low cæspitose, with scattered -branches; l. soft, shining, nerveless or simply nerved; areolæ elongate, - narrowly hexagono-rhomboid; caps. horizontal cernuous; lid with a - subulate beak. - - - _a._ _Demissæ._ St. prostrate, l. complanate, oblong-lanceolate, - nerveless, entire; caps. thin walled; seta smooth: monoicous. - -467. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) DEMISSUM. Wils. St. filiform; br. short -slender: l. elliptic-lanceolate, acute, sub-secund above, margin -reflexed; caps. small, narrowly elliptical, horizontal cernuous; lid -obliquely rostrate. - -Shady mountainous rocks. VII. VIII. - - - _b._ _Tenellæ._ st. creeping; l. narrowly lanceolate, caps. solid - walled, seta rough or smooth: monoicous. - -468. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) TENELLUM. Dicks. St. and br. very short -creeping; l. erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate acuminate, almost -setaceous, light green, entire, nerved more than half way; caps. ovate -cernuous, on a smooth seta; lid beaked. - -Walls and rocks, principally limestone. X. - -469. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) TEESDALII. Sm. St. slender, creeping; br. -erect; l. sub-complanate, narrowly lanceolate, rigid, slightly serrulate -near apex, broadly nerved nearly to apex; caps. ovate cernuous, on a -rough seta; lid almost as large as caps., beaked. - -Moist shady rocks near waterfalls. III.—VI. - - - _c._ _Depressæ._ Pl. low cæspitose soft; l. broadly oblong, thinly - nerved; seta smooth. - - - * Dioicous. - -470. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) DEPRESSUM. Bruch. St. prostrate pinnate; br. -thickest in middle—both very short; l. complanate crowded ovate-oblong, -slightly concave and finely serrulate, shortly two-nerved; caps. ovate, -curved, cernuous; lid as long as caps. and long beaked. - -Rocks and stones, especially limestone. Spring. - -Caergwrle, N. Wales, Oct., 1871, in fruit (C. L. Higgins.) - - - * * Monoicous. - -471. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) CONFERTUM. Dicks. St. creeping sub-pinnate; br. -erect; l. slightly secund or complanate, ovate-acuminate concave -serrulate, thinly nerved quite or more than half way; caps. ovate-oblong -cernuous; lid short, with a very long curved beak. - -Rocks, walls, trees, &c., frequent. X. - - -472. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) MEGAPOLITANUM. Bland. Much larger than the -last, and remotely branched; st. l. remote, br. l. crowded; lower -oblong-lanceolate, the others more or less sharply acuminate from a -broad ovate base, slightly serrulate, nerved more than half way; caps. -oblong cylindrical incurved, arcuate when dry; lid with a short thick -beak. [Schp. Syn. 469, Bry. Eur. v. t. 511.] - -Sandy shores. Southport, Dublin, Sussex. Spring. - - -473. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) MURALE. Dill. St. short, creeping, with erect -crowded branches; l. closely imbricate, roundish ovate, concave, faintly -serrulate, cucullate at apex, which is slightly mucronate, not -acuminate, nerved half way; caps. ovate, somewhat cernuous; lid -flattish, with a long beak. - -Walls, &c., chiefly limestone. X. - - -474. H. (RHYNCHOSTEGIUM) RUSCIFOLIUM. Dill. St. creeping, with long -irregular procumbent branches; l. complanate and sub-secund, ovate, with -a cordate base, serrate, stoutly nerved nearly to apex; caps. shortly -ovate cernuous; lid convex, with a very long beak. - -Rocks and stones in rivulets, frequent. XI. - - - _Sub-genus_ IX. THAMNIUM. Dendroid from a creeping rhizome; l. - sub-complanate, nerved, areolæ minute, quadrate or rhomboid at apex, - narrowly oblong at base; caps. short and sub-arcuate with the seta, - turgidly ovate, lid with a long beak; inner perist. with long - appendiculate cilia. - -475. H. (THAMNIUM) ALOPECURUM. Dill. St. 2–3in. naked below, pinnately -branched above; l. spreading ovate-lanceolate, somewhat concave, -serrate, strongly nerved nearly to apex; caps. shortly ovate, cernuous -or erect, lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous. - -Moist woods, rocks, &c. XI. - - - _Sub-genus_ X. PLAGIOTHECIUM. St. generally prostrate, or partially - erect, branched; l. complanate or secund, thin, silky, nerveless or - shortly two-nerved; areolæ long hexagono-rhomboid; caps. sub-erect or - cernuous, more or less incurved; lid convexo-conical or rostrate; per. - teeth pale thin, internal a membrane with narrowish processes; cilia - none or obscure. - - - A. Per. teeth distantly articulate, without cilia: dioicous. - -476. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) LATEBRICOLA. Bry. Eur. (_Leskea_, Bry. Brit.) -St. short, slender, sparsely branched, sub-erect; l. sub-secund -ovate-lanceolate, tapering acute, entire, slightly concave, decurrent, -faintly two-nerved; margin recurved; caps. elliptic-oblong, turbinate -when dry; lid short, acutely conical. - -Moist shady woods, decaying trunks, and ferns. Winter. - - - B. Per. teeth densely articulate, internal with entire ciliary - processes. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -477. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) PULCHELLUM. Dicks. St. short densely tufted, -sub-erect, br. fastigiate; l. crowded, secund, lanceolate, gradually -tapering from base to apex, entire, generally nerveless; caps. oblong, -sub-erect, curved; lid conical, scarcely beaked. - -Mountainous shady rocks, &c. VI.—X. - - -478. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) MUHLENBECKII. B. &. S. St. short, tufted, -sub-erect, with recurved fasciculate branches; l. complanate, spreading, -deltoid-ovate or sub-cordate, tapering, dark green, finely serrulate, -nerveless, or shortly two-nerved; caps. oblong, slightly inclined, -tapering below, striate when dry; lid short conical. - -Alpine rocks. S. I. VII. - - -479. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) SILESIACUM. Seliger. St. and branches -procumbent, the latter arcuate; l. secund, mostly pointing upwards, -ovate-lanceolate, longer tapering than the last, concave, distinctly -serrulate, slightly and shortly two-nerved; caps. long sub-cylindrical, -not striate when dry, curved, cernuous; lid conical pointed. - -Stems of decaying trees, rocks, &c. IV. V. - -Kent; Yorkshire. - - -480. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) DENTICULATUM. Dill. St. prostrate, with -sub-fasciculate branches; l. complanate, obliquely ovate pointed, -sometimes sub-serrulate at apex, margin recurved below, shortly -two-nerved; caps. oblong, sub-erect; lid acutely conical. - -Sub-alpine woods, banks, wet rocks, &c. Summer. - - var. β. _obtusifolium._ l. elliptical, more or less obtuse, slightly - concave. Alpine rocks. - - γ. _succulentum._ l. with almost plane margins: synoicous. - Todmorden, Warrington. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -481. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) ELEGANS. Hook. St. prostrate, br. distichous, -fasciculate or pinnate; l. complanate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a -slender serrulate point, sometimes oblique, nerveless, or faintly -two-nerved; caps. small ovate elliptical, curved, more or less -pendulous; lid conical, shortly beaked. - -Shady banks and rocks, usually barren. III. IV. - - var. β. _collinum._ “st. erect tufted; l. sub-secund.” - - -482. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) SYLVATICUM. Dill. St. longer, about 1 inch, -decumbent branched; l. sub-complanate, sometimes sub-secund, -ovate-lanceolate, not acuminate, entire, distinctly two-nerved nearly -half way; caps. cylindrical, curved, inclined, or horizontal; lid long, -shortly beaked. - -Roots of trees in woods, &c. IX. - - -483. H. (PLAGIOTHECIUM) UNDULATUM. Dill. St. and br. procumbent, 2in. or -more; l. complanate, ovate, acute, not acuminate, entire, undulate, -faintly two-nerved, whitish green; caps. cylindrical, tapering at base, -cernuous or horizontal, striate when dry, lid with a short beak. - -Woods and moist places. IV.—VII. - - - _Sub-genus_ XI. AMBLYSTEGIUM. Plants small prostrate, sparingly - branched; l. soft, generally opaque, simply nerved, rarely nerveless; - areolæ hexagono-rhomboidal parenchymatous, or tubular prosenchymatous; - caps. sub-erect or incurvo-cernuous, oval and sub-arcuate cylindrical, - opaque, on a smooth seta; lid large, tumidly conical, obtuse; internal - perist. generally integrate, cilia more or less perfect, rarely none. - - - 1. L. opaque, areolæ all parenchymatous. - - - _a._ Dioicous. - -484. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) SPRUCEI. Bruch. St. short, slender, with few -branches; l. distant narrowly ovate-lanceolate, long pointed, margin -almost entire, concave, nerveless; per. l. larger, with longer points, -distinctly serrulate at apex; caps. erect elliptical, turbinate when -dry, mouth wide; lid long conical pointed. [_Leskea._ Bry. Brit.] - -Shady sub-alpine rocks, rare. Spring (?) - -Teesdale, Todmorden. - - -485. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) ATROVIRENS. Dicks. St. prostrate, irregularly -branched, the latter slightly incurved, rigid, sub-erect; l. imbricate, -somewhat secund, ovate-lanceolate, with long tapering points, margin -recurved below, sub-serrulate above; thickly nerved almost to apex; -“caps. sub-cylindrical short curved and sub-cernuous, lid conical.” - -Alpine rocks, &c., rare in fruit. Scotland. Spring. - - - _b._ Monoicous. - -486. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) CONFERVOIDES. B. & S. St. creeping, very slender, -sub-pinnate, sparingly branched; br. capilliform; l. scattered -sub-secund, more or less spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, -nerveless; per. l. longer, erect; caps. cernuous, oval-oblong, slightly -incurved, pale brown, semi-pellucid; lid convex, obliquely apiculate; -annulus small deciduous. - -Stones in shady places, limestone. Summer. - -Dovedale (Dr. Fraser, 1866); Westmoreland. - - -487. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) SERPENS. Dill. St. creeping, sub-pinnate, with -slender sub-erect branches; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, tapering -into long points, entire, faintly nerved half way, or sometimes nearly -to apex: caps. oblong, cylindrical or obovate, curved, cernuous, reddish -at mouth; lid conical acute. - -Walls, moist banks, trees, &c., common. IV. V. - -488. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) RADICALE. P. Beauv. St. creeping, with sub-erect -rigid branches; l. spreading, ovate-lanceolate from a cordate or deltoid -base, twice as large as last, and strongly nerved almost to the long -tapering apex; per. l. larger serrate; seta long (sometimes 2in.); caps. -oblong, much curved, cernuous, not red at mouth; lid conical, with a -short sharp beak. - -Moist ground amongst grass. Wales. IV. V. - - -489. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) IRRIGUUM. Hook. St. procumbent rigid, sometimes -pinnate; l. spreading, secund, gradually tapering to a point from a -deltoid-ovate somewhat decurrent base, sub-serrulate, strongly nerved -nearly to apex; caps. oblong, cernuous, curved, when dry more so, and -contracted at mouth; annulus persistent; lid conical, blunt-pointed. - -Stones in rivulets and streams. IV. - - -490. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) FLUVIATILE. Swartz. St. procumbent, with simple, -prostrate, not rigid branches; l. ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, -entire, concave, strongly nerved almost to apex; caps. slender, -elliptical, elongate, sub-erect, only slightly curved; lid conical. - -Rocks and stones in mountain streams. V. VI. - - - 2. L. areolæ narrow, rhomboido-hexagonal, prosenchymatous at base only, - rectangulo–6–gonal. - -491. H. (AMBLYSTEGIUM) RIPARIUM. Dill. St. longer, creeping, with -sub-pinnate sub-erect branches; l. spreading, sub-complanate, -ovate-lanceolate entire, nerved two-thirds or more; caps. -oblong-cylindrical curved, cernuous, contracted at mouth when dry; lid -conical pointed. - -Stones, &c., near pools, sometimes in water. V. VI. - - - _Sub-genus_ XII. _eu_-HYPNUM. St. erect or procumbent, sometimes - radiculose and pinnate; l. patent, squarrose, or falcato-secund, nerve -various or none; areolæ narrowly linear,, often dilated, and transparent -at base; caps. incurved cernuous on a smooth seta; lid convexo-conical, - mammillate, rarely rostrate; perist. perfect. - - - _Sect. I._ Branches straggling or sub-pinnate; l. squarrose-divaricate - or stellate and patent. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -492. H. HALLEKI. L. Jun. St. creeping, with pinnate erect branches; l. -crowded lanceolate, recurved from a roundish ovate base, acuminate, -serrulate, almost squarrose, faintly two-nerved at base or nerveless; -caps. oblong curved cernuous; lid conical, blunt. - -Alpine rocks, rare. VIII. - - -493. H. POLYMORPHUM. Hedw. “St. procumbent, branches simple, erect, -slender; l. spreading, almost squarrose, sub-secund, ovate-lanceolate, -acuminate, entire, nerveless; caps. oblong, curved, cernuous, lid -conical.” [Bry. Brit.] - -Limestone walls, banks and rocks. V. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -494. H. ELODES. Spruce. St. elongate, slender, with sub-pinnate slender -sub-erect branches: l. distant, spreading; br. l. lanceolate-subulate, -apex almost setaceous, secund; st. l. wider, less secund; all entire, -nerved nearly or quite to apex: caps. cylindrical curved cernuous; lid -conical. - -Wet places and bogs. IV. V. - - [Wilson states the leaves to be sub-denticulate at _base only_, whilst - his figure is evidently _serrulate_ above and entire at base. I - can find no indications of denticulation, even under a ¼inch, - except perhaps an occasional slight protrusion of an odd cell here - and there, but this cannot be called even denticulate.] - - -495. H. CHRYSOPHYLLUM. Brid. St. creeping pinnate; l. almost squarrose -sub-second, from a cordate-ovate base, tapering into long setaceous -points, entire, nerved more than half way, rarely absent; areolæ not -enlarged or diaphanous at base; caps. large cylindrical, curved, -cernuous; lid conical. - -Fallow ground, chalk hills, &c. V.—IX. - - -496. H. STELLATUM. Dill. St. 1–2in. erect, densely tufted: branches -irregular or sub-pinnate, cuspidate; l. squarrose, recurved, rather -suddenly tapering into a long point from a deltoid-ovate base, with a -few large diaphanous cells at basal angles, nerveless, entire; caps. -oblong curved cernuous; lid convex pointed. - -Marshes and bogs. V. VI. - - - _c._ Polygamous. - -497. H. POLYGAMUM. Bry. Eur. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, sub-pinnate; -l. spreading, almost squarrose, ovate-lanceolate, tapering into shorter -points than last two, entire, nerved about half way, areolæ larger at -base; caps. oblong, sub-cernuous, or almost erect; lid conical pointed. - -Wet swampy places. V. - - var. β. _stagnation._ “st. longer, sub-erect, more pinnate; l. with a - longer nerve; seta longer, often 3in. or more.” - - - _Sect. II._ St. pinnately branched; l. falcato-secund, nerve single, - areolæ linear. - - - _a._ Dioicous. - - - † Stems and branches strongly hooked at apex. - -498. H. ADUNCUM. Dill. L.[1] (_H. exannulatum_, Gümb.) St. 2–4in. erect, -sub-pinnate; br. short, simple, few; l. crowded, narrow, falcato-secund, -lanceolate acuminate, striate, faintly sub-serrulate near the base; -nerved nearly to apex; basal cells larger and inflated, gradually -passing into the long narrower ones above; capsule sub-cylindrical, -curved, cernuous, on a seta 1in. long or more. - -Footnote 1: - - This name has been wrongly given to some half-dozen different species; - but I am informed by Dr. Braithwaite (in lit. 29, Mch. 1872), that he - has recently consulted the original specimen of Dillenius on which - Linnæus founded the species, and from his examination the synonymy of - this group must be altered as above. The diagnoses of this and the - next four species are from his pen; the name _aduncum_ should be - retained as being older than _exannulatum_. - -Marshes and marshy heaths. IV. V. - - -499. H. KNEIFFII. B. & S. (_H. aduncum_, Hedw. Stirpes, IV., t. 24, and -Schp.) St. 2–6in. long, erect, sub-pinnate; l. falcato-secund, somewhat -distant, lanceolate acuminate, occasionally faintly sub-serrulate near -the base, thinly nerved two-thirds the length, not striate, basal angles -decurrent excavate, of lax sub-quadrate cells, those above elongate -rectangular; caps. cylindrical oblong arcuate, broadly annulate. - -Swamps and marshes. VI. - -500. H. SENDTNERI. Schpr. (_H. aduncum_, ε _hamatum_ and ζ _giganteum_, -Bry. Eur.) St. 3–6in. simple, pinnate; l. falcato-secund, broadly -oblong-lanceolate, hooked above, distinctly auricled at sub-decurrent -angles, glossy, lightly sulcate only when dry, nerve vanishing below -apex; basal cells rectangular, hyaline, yellowish, at angles -brownish-yellow lax; caps. ovate-oblong, erect at base, arcuate. - -Bogs. Scotland, and near Birmingham. - - var. β. _Wilsoni._ St. very tall, sometimes 1ft., yellow green, with - slender, nearly simple branches; l. larger, with a filiform - acumen, auricles very small. - - -501. H. VERNICOSUM. Lindb. 1861. (_H. pellucidum_, Wils. MS.; _H. -aduncum_, var. _tenue_, Bry. Brit.) St. erect, rather rigid, pinnate; l. -shorter falcato-secund, the apical ones involute, ovate, -oblong-lanceolate, distinctly sulcate, neither auricled nor decurrent, -very glossy, yellow green, nerve vanishing far below apex; cells very -narrow, vermicular, purplish at base; caps. oblong cernuous, arcuate. - -Wybunbury Bog, Cheshire. - - -502. H. INTERMEDIUM. Lindb. (_H. Cossoni_, Schpr.) In habit like _H. -Sendtneri_, var. β. St. elongate, flexuoso-erect, interruptedly pinnate; -branches very unequal; l. falcato-secund, ovate-oblong, becoming -lanceolate, not furrowed, with minute decurrent auricles, nerve -vanishing far below apex; cells very narrow vermicular opaque; outer -per. l. squarrose; fr. as in _Sendtneri_. - -Bogs, frequent. - - - † † Brandies and stems scarcely hooked. - -503. H. LYCOPODIOIDES. Neck. St. about 2in. erect, sub-pinnate, rather -rigid; l. falcato-secund, ovate-acuminute, tapering to an acute point, -but not apiculate, concave, entire, nerved nearly to apex, not striate; -caps. oblong cernuous, lid conical. - -Bogs and marshes: fr. rare. V. - - var. β. _falcatum._ l. more crowded, more falcate, nerve stronger. Near - Copgrove, Yorkshire. - - - _b._ Monoicous. - -504. H. FLUITANS. Dill. St. 6–12in. erect or floating, pinnate, slender; -branches short deflexed; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate, tapering from an -ovate base, acuminate, slightly serrulate near apex, thinly nerved more -than half way, areolæ enlarged at base; caps. small oblong curved -sub-cernuous, on a very long seta; lid conical, acute. - -Marshes, bogs, &c. IV. V. - - -505. H. REVOLVENS. Swartz. St. 2–4in. erect or procumbent, sub-pinnate; -l. crowded circinnate falcate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, -serrulate near apex, deep red or purplish; nerve stronger, more than -half way; areolæ not enlarged at base; caps. oblong cernuous, on a -shorter seta; lid conical acute. - -Bogs and marshes. IV. V. - - -506. H. UNCINATUM. Hall. St. about 2in. slender, erect or procumbent, -sub-pinnate; l. circinnate secund, very narrow, lanceolate, setaceous -from a broader base, plicate, serrulate, nerved nearly to apex; caps. -cylindrical, curved, cernuous, lid conical. - -Sub-alpine walls and rocks. V. VI. - - - _Sect. III._ St. regularly pinnate, radiculose, tomentose; l. thickly - nerved, opaque; caps. sub-arcuate. - -507. H. COMMUTATUM. Dill. St. 4in. or more, procumbent; br. about -½in.—both more or less uncinate; radicles brownish; l. circinnate, -secund, tapering to a slender long point from an ovate base, plicate, -twisted when dry, finely serrulate, nerved more than half way, areolæ -narrow; caps. large oblong, lid conical: dioicous. - -Wet shady places. IV. - - -508. H. SULCATUM. Schpr. Loosely cæspitose; st. rigid, without radicles, -sub-pinnate; l. partly broadly elongate-lanceolate, partly sharply -lanceolate from broadly ovate base, all reflexed hamulose; nerve strong. -[Schp. Syn. 699.] - -Mountainous places. Ben Lawers, July, 1865 (G. E. Hunt.) - - -509. H. FALCATUM. Brid. (_H. commutatum_ var. _condensatum_, Bry. Brit.) -St. 2–3in. cæspitose, erect, sparingly branched; l. as in _commutatum_, -but less circinnate and more rigid, undulate, nerved nearly to apex; -capsule small, curved cernuous. [Bry. Eur. VI., 607. Schp. Syn., 613.] - -Sub-alpine places and bogs. V. VI. - - -510. H. FILICINUM. Dill. St. 2–4in. sub-erect, slender, pinnate, with -purplish radicles; l. spreading, falcato-secund, st. l. deltoid-ovate, -tapering; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all serrulate, scarcely twisted when -dry, nerved to or beyond apex; areolæ oval, rather large, larger -rhomboid and pellucid at base; caps. oblong curved, cernuous, lid -conical acute: dioicous. - -Marshes, wet rocks. IV. - - var. β. _vallisclausæ._ Brid. l. sub-secund, nerve very strong and - excurrent. Ormeshead; Derbyshire. - - - _Sect. IV._ St. robust, without radicles, irregularly pinnate; l. - scariose, shining, strongly rugose; areolæ vermicular above, the rest - small quadrate; caps. sub-arcuate, lid rostrate, annulus broad. - -511. H. RUGOSUM. Dill. St. 2–3in. rigid, erect, densely tufted; br. -recurved; l. crowded, falcato-secund, serrulate and recurved at margin, -lanceolate acuminate from a broad base, rugose at back, nerved more than -half way; caps. sub-cylindrical curved, pale reddish brown; lid large -yellowish, with an oblique beak: dioicous. - -Limestone and other rocks; barren in England. Spring (?) - - - _Sect. V._ St. creeping, cæspitose, pinnate, l. curved secund, areolæ - loosely rhomboid; caps. incurved cernuous, compressed below mouth when - dry. - -512. H. INCURVATUM. Brid. St. short slender, branches curved upwards; l. -ovate-lanceolate, tapering, all pointing upwards, entire, shortly -two-nerved; caps. small, ovate, horizontal; lid short, conical, acute: -monoicous. - -Shady walls and stones. VI. VII. - - - _Sect. VI._ St. more or less regularly pinnate; l. falcato-secund, two - or singly nerved, or nerveless, areolæ narrowly linear, quadrate at - basal angles; caps. sub-cylindrical incurved; lid large, shortly - rostellate. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -513. H. BREADALBANENSE. Buchanan White. “St. procumbent or sub-erect, -covered with villi; vaguely pinnate; l. secund ovate-lanceolate concave, -nerve strong single, reaching about half way, margin of base slightly -recurved; sub-denticulate.” - -Breadalbane Mts. and Ben Lawers 1865 (Dr. F. B. White). Fruit not known. - - -514. H. HAMULOSUM. Frölich (?) St. 1in. or more, procumbent pinnate; br. -hooked at apex; l. circinnate-secund, much curved, tapering into a long -slender sub-serrulate point from an ovate-lanceolate base, nerveless; -caps. sub-cylindrical curved, tapering at base, lid conical pointed: - -Alpine grassy declivities. Summer. - - var. β. _micranthum._ smaller, l. shorter pointed, and faintly - two-nerved; caps. more oval, with an obtuse lid. Ben Lawers, - &c. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -515. H. RUPESTRE. Buchanan White. St. procumbent, covered with very -short villi, irregularly pinnate; l. strongly falcato-secund, lanceolate -acuminate from a wide base, much curved; obscurely two-nerved, margin -plane, scarcely denticulate. - -Ben Lawers, August, 1865. - - Fr. unknown. - -516. H. BAMBERGERI. B. & S. Rather small dense tufts, yellowish green -above, passing to yellow-fuscous at base; st. without radicles or villi, -sub-pinnate, br. few fastigiate; l. densely crowded secund, strongly -circinnate, ovate-lanceolate elongate, entire, with a long point, -faintly two-nerved, one usually larger than the other; alar cells few, -rather obscure, yellow, upper linear elongate; fr. not known. - -Near summit of Ben Lawers, July, 1867 (Dr. Fraser). - - -517. H. IMPONENS. Hedw. Cæspitose, sub-pinnate, l. imbricate, circinnate -secund, filiform from a broad ovate-oblong base, margin reflexed below, -and minutely serrate, obsoletely two-nerved; br. l. much narrower, and -at apex of br. convolute, and hamato-incurved; per. l. nerveless -filiform flexuose apiculate; caps. sub-erect cylindrical incurved; lid -convexo-conical, acutely pointed yellowish, annulus broad. [Bry. Eur. -VI., 597. Schp. Syn. 625.] - -Woods and stony ground. Autumn. - -Reigate Heath (Mr. Mitten), 1864. - - -518. H. CUPRESSIFORME. Dill. St. about 1in. procumbent; l. -falcato-secund, pointing downwards, sharply acuminate from an -ovate-lanceolate base, slightly serrulate, nerveless or faintly -two-nerved; per. l. erect, almost piliferous; caps. sub-cylindrical -cernuous, curved, lid conical, cuspidate. - -Walls, rocks, trunks of trees, &c. XI. XII. - - var. β. _compressum._ st. slender pinnate, reddish, with compressed - foliage; l. pale green, serrulate at apex; seta long slender; - caps. short, elliptic oblong. - - γ. _minus._ pinnate; br. slender: l. narrow, falcate serrulate, - margin recurved, caps. small erect. Trunks of trees. - - δ. _filiforme._ br. prostrate, filiform, slender; l. falcate, - serrulate; caps. short; lid with a shorter point. Rocks. - Killarney, &c. - - ε. _lacunosum._ more robust; br. thickened; l. larger - sub-coriaceous, yellowish brown. - - ζ. _longisetum._ slender, l. pale, serrulate; seta elongate, caps. - short ovate. - - θ. _mammillatum._ caps. with a short conical or mammillate lid. - - -519. H. RESUPINATUM. Wils. St. creeping, sub-pinnate; l. erecto-patent, -secund, pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a point, entire, -nerveless; caps. oblong erect, almost symmetrical; lid with an oblique -beak. - -Walls, rocks, trees, &c. X. XII. - - -520. H. LINDBERGH. Mitt. Jour, of Bot. I., p. 123. (_H. pratense_, Bry. -Brit. 399.) “St. sparingly branched in an irregular manner, without any -appearance of becoming pinnate; l. loosely compressed ovate or -ovate-lanceolate, acute, but with a broad point,[2] margins entire, -nerveless; cells at angles enlarged and pale; caps., according to -Lindberg, is on a rather thick seta 1in. long, turgid ovate, when dry -plicate.” - -Footnote 2: - - Some of the leaves, even on authenticated specimens, have longer and - narrower points (acuminate), but in no case that I have seen are they - denticulate. - -“Damp sandy ground among thin grass, not in bogs. The fr. has been -gathered once by Dr. Klingraff in June, in W. Prussia.” - - “_H. pratense_ differs from above in its irregularly pinnate stems, - more compressed foliage, l. lanceolate with a narrow point denticulate - at apex, and the enlarged basal cells of same colour; not found in - Britain.” - - -521. H. ARCUATUM. Lindb. (_H. pratense_, var. β. Bry. Brit.) “L. more -falcato-secund, scarcely complanate.” - -Clay soils, common. - - - _Sect. VII._ Prostrate or ascending, rooting, regularly pinnate; l. - hamate, circinnato-secund; caps. cernuous, solid, lid convexo-conical. - -522. H. MOLLUSCUM. Dill. St. soft, 1–2in. sub-erect; l. circinnate -secund; st. l. cordate; br. l. ovate-lanceolate—all tapering acuminate, -striate, serrulate, and faintly two-nerved, crisped when dry; caps. -ovate, horizontal; lid conical, large, sharply pointed. - -Moist banks and limestone rocks, common. XI. - - - _Sect. VIII._ St. erect, rigid, villose, regularly pinnate; l. hamate; - caps. oblong, incurved, solid. - -523. H. CRISTA-CASTRENSIS. L. St. sub-erect, 3–4in. pectinate; st. l. -ovate-acuminate, br. l. narrowly lanceolate acuminate, strongly striate, -serrulate near apex—all circinnato-secund, faintly two-nerved, margin -reflexed; caps. oblong curved, cernuous, lid conical, pointed; dioicous. - -Woods and alpine rocks. VII. VIII. - - -_Sect. IX._ St. soft cæspitose, prostrate, branched; l. falcato-secund, - rarely spreading, faintly nerved; areolæ linear; per. l. long, deeply - sulcate; caps. incurved cernuous, lid convexo-conical or mammillate. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -524. H. PALUSTRE. Dill. St. creeping; br. ascending, crowded, curved, -cuspidate and convolute at apex; l. generally secund, sometimes almost -falcate, elliptic-entire, strongly concave, pointed; either nerveless, -shortly two-nerved or singly nerved half way; per. l. erect, distinctly -striate; caps. ovate, slightly curved; cernuous; lid conical, pointed. - -Stones and rocks in streams. V. - - var. β. l. imbricate, not secund. - - γ. _subsphœricarpon._ l. strongly nerved nearly to apex; caps. - roundish ovate, tumid. - - -525. H. DILATATUM. Wils. (_H. molle_, Bry. Eur.) Plant of somewhat firm -growth; l. rotundo-ovate, rather concave, suddenly apiculate, texture -very close, areolæ long and very narrow; nerve double, short slender, -but well defined (_fide_ G. E. Hunt). Caps. ovate cernuous curved, lid -conical. - -At a low elevation. N. Wales, Yorkshire, Berkshire, Clova, Braemar. - - -526. H. MOLLE, Dicks. (_H. alpestre_ (?) Bry. Eur., non Swartz.) Very -weak and flaccid, the tufts falling to pieces on removal from the water; -l. varying from ovate to rotundo-ovate, flat, or sometimes very slightly -reflexed towards apex, gradually tapering upwards, or very rarely -suddenly apiculate; texture somewhat loose, areolæ larger and wider than -in last; nerve rather long and thick, ill-defined, single or double -(_fide_ G. E. Hunt). Caps. as above. - -Great elevations. Ben-mac-Dhui, Ben Nevis. - - [The above two diagnoses are from a paper by Mr. G. E. Hunt, on - Perthshire and Braemar Mosses in Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. and - Manchester, 1868–9, p. 320.] - -527. H. ARCTICUM. Sommerfelt. St. 1–2in. creeping; br. elongate, simple, -obtuse; l. spreading, green above, purplish below, small, broadly ovate -or roundish, somewhat obtuse, entire, strongly two-nerved about half -way, sometimes nerves blended into one; caps. ovate, cernuous, tapering -into the seta; lid conical. - -Alpine rivulets. VI. - - -528. H. EUGYRIUM. Schpr. St. short, much branched; l. crowded, st. l. -drooping on two sides, broadly oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate; br. -l. flexuoso-falcate, plano-concave, elongate-lanceolate narrower, -serrulate at apex; nerve thin, unequally bifid; areolæ vermicular -excavate, fulvous, and rectangular at the decurrent angles; per. l., -external spreading, internal erect, longly lanceolate, with erose -apices; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous, turgid, lid mammillate; annulus -broadly bi-triseriate. [Bry. Eur. VI., t. 579. Schp. Syn., 639.] - -Stones in waterfalls. Summer. - -N. Wales, Devonshire, Killarney. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -529. H. OCHRACEUM. Turn. St. 2–4in., tufted filiform, sub-erect, -sparingly branched; l. yellowish green sub-secund, sometimes falcate, -distant, ovate-lanceolate, pointed, concave, nerve forked, extending -half way; per. l. squarrose recurved; caps. oblong, tapering at base, -cernuous; lid conical. - -Stones in alpine and sub-alpine streams, &c. V. VI. - - -_Sect. X._ Erect or procumbent, stem simple or more or less pinnate; l. - patent, rarely sub-complanate, or sub-secund, thinly single-nerved, or -shortly two-nerved, shining; areolæ linear; caps. incurved cernuous; lid - mammillate or convexo-conical. - - 1. St. more or less regularly pinnate; l. patent or loosely imbricate. - - - _a._ Monoicous. - -530. H. CORDIFOLIUM. Swartz. Bright green above, reddish brown below; -st. 3–6in. erect, sub-pinnate; br. short slender; l. spreading, almost -squarrose, convolute and cuspidate at tip of branches, distant, -cordate-ovate, obtuse, or slightly apiculate, concave entire, strongly -nerved almost to apex; cells scarcely enlarged at base; caps. oblong, -suddenly horizontal, not tapering at base; lid conical. - -Marshes and ditches. IV. V. - - - _b._ Dioicous. - -531. H. GIGANTEUM. Schp. St. erect, thick, often 1ft. long, densely -pinnate; st. l. patent, broadly cordate-ovate, strongly nerved to apex; -cells linear, excavate and quadrate at basal angles; br. l. lingulate -narrow, terminal ones twisted and subulate; per. l. oblong-lanceolate; -caps. oblong-cylindrical, sub-incurved, horizontal, on a long seta; -annulus none; lid mammillate. [Schp. Syn. 642.] - -Marshes. Hale Moss and Wybunbury Bog. Summer. - - -532. H. SARMENTOSUM. Wahl. St. 1in. or more, procumbent, sub-pinnate; -br. short cuspidate; foliage red or purplish; l. much crowded, -sub-erect, elliptic-oblong, scarcely pointed, concave, entire, nerved -almost to apex; areolæ large, quadrate and pellucid at basal angles; -caps. ovate-oblong, cernuous. - -Wet alpine rocks. Spring (?) - -533. H. CUSPIDATUM. Dill. St. 2–6in. erect, pinnate; terminal foliage -cuspidate; l. spreading, almost squarrose, when young erect appressed -and convolute; ovate, obtuse, entire, nerveless or shortly two-nerved; -cells enlarged and pellucid at basal angles; caps. oblong, much curved, -tapering below; lid conical acute. - -Marshes. V. VI. - - -534. H. SCHREBERI. Dill. St. 4–6in. erect, pinnate, deep red, with -slender curved branches, somewhat cuspidate at summit; l. convolute, -afterwards erecto-patent, elliptical, concave, obtuse, shortly -two-nerved; cells enlarged at basal angles; caps. ovate-oblong curved -cernuous; lid conical, pointed. - -Woods and shady banks. X. XI. - - -535. H. PURUM. Dill. St. 4–6in., not coloured, erect, pinnate; br. -slightly curved, not cuspidate at apex; l. closely imbricate, broadly -elliptical, concave, with recurved points, almost boat-shaped, entire, -nerved half way; caps. ovate, suddenly horizontal; lid conical. - -Shady banks. X. XI. - - - 2. St. almost simple, or sparingly branched; l. closely imbricate when - dry: dioicous. - -536. H. STRAMINEUM. Dicks. St. 2–4in. erect, filiform, with few erect -branches; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, entire, concave, -thinly nerved nearly to apex; cells enlarged quadrate and pellucid at -basal angles; caps. small, ovate, curved, cernuous; lid short, conical. - -Marshes amongst _Sphagnum_; rare in fr. IV. V. - - -537. H. TRIFARIUM. W. & M. St. 2–3in. erect or trailing, sparingly -branched; l. very closely imbricate, fragile when dry; generally but not -always trifarious, roundish obtuse, inflated, entire, nerved almost to -apex; caps. oval-oblong, curved, cernuous; lid conical. - -Alpine bogs and turfy rills. VI. (?) - - - _Sect. XI._ Fastigiate, sparingly branched; l. imbricate secund, - ventricose, faintly nerved. - -538. H. SCORPIOIDES. Dill. St. 3–4in. erect or procumbent, irregularly -pinnate; branches short; l. crowded, imbricate, falcato-secund, large, -roundish ovate, ventricose, apiculate, entire, nerveless or faintly and -shortly two-nerved, purplish brown or lurid; caps. short oblong curved, -tumid, cernuous, on a long seta; lid conical, pointed. - -Bogs. V. - - - _Sub-genus_ XIII. HYLOCOMIUM. St. woody, pinnate or bipinnate, or - sparingly branched; l. scariose, shining, sulcate, thinly two-nerved, -without radicles; cells narrow, linear, broader at base; caps. ovate or - ovate-globose, coriaceous, lid mammillate, perist. large, perfect. - - - _a._ irregularly bi-tripinnate, l. loosely imbricate; lid rostrate. - -539. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) SPLENDENS. Dill. St. 2–6in., erect or procumbent, -interruptedly bi-tripinnate, villous, reddish; fol. reddish or fulvous -green; st. l. roundish elliptical, with long wavy points; br. l. with a -short point or muticous—all imbricate concave serrate, shortly -two-nerved, margin recurved below; caps. ovate, curved, cernuous; lid -convex, tapering into a long beak: dioicous. - -Grassy banks, woods, &c. IV. - - - _b._ irregularly pinnate, l. patent, lid mammillate or shortly beaked. - -540. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) UMBRATUM. Ehrh. St. arched, sub-erect, with -branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; l. yellowish green, glossy, -cordate acuminate, serrate, plicato-striate, nerve unequally bifurcate; -caps. short, roundish, obovate, curved, cernuous; lid conical, acute: -dioicous. - -Alpine woods on stones. XI. - - -541. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) OAKESII. Sulliv. St. arched, irregularly and -distantly pinnate, with branched villi; l. larger, elliptical, concave, -not cordate, plicato-striate, serrate, and sharply acuminate, singly -nerved half way or shortly two-nerved, margin recurved; per. l. -squarrose; caps. roundish ovate, gibbous above, cernuous; lid conical, -shortly beaked: dioicous. - -Alpine rocks. Autumn (?) - - -542. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) BREVIROSTRE. Ehrh. St. 2–6in. arched, erect, with -branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; st. l. distant, almost squarrose, -plicato-striate, cordate, and suddenly acuminate; br. l. -ovate-acuminate, not so suddenly acuminate, striate—all serrulate and -two-nerved half way; caps. roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, -tapering into a rather long inclined beak: dioicous. - -Mountainous woods. X. XI. - - - _c._ L. squarrose. - -543. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) SQUARROSUM. Dill. St. 2–3in. reddish, slender, more -or less erect, irregularly pinnate; br. drooping; st. l. squarrose, -recurved, ovate, gradually tapering and very acute, faintly striate -below; br. l. narrower, less recurved, and squarrose—all serrulate and -shortly two-nerved: caps. roundish ovate, drooping; lid conical, with a -short sharp point: dioicous. - -Banks and woods. XI. - - -544. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) TRIQUETRUM. Dill. St. 6in. or more, rigid, reddish, -erect, sub-pinnate; br. long straggling; st. l. squarrose or sub-secund, -striate; br. l. spreading, scarcely striate—all triangular acuminate -from a cordate, amplexicaul base, serrulate and two-nerved half way; -caps. roundish ovate, cernuous; lid conical, acute: dioicous. - -Woods, &c. XI. - - - _d._ L. secund, or falcato-secund. - -545. H. (HYLOCOMIUM) LOREUM. Dill. St. 6–12in. slender, erect, or -procumbent, more or less pinnate; br. drooping straggling; l. squarrose, -recurved, more or less secund at summit of stem and branches, -ovate-lanceolate, with a long acumen, not cordate or amplexicaul; -plicato-striate below; shortly and faintly two-nerved, sometimes -nerveless; caps. small roundish ovate; lid conical, sharply pointed: -dioicous. - -Mountainous woods. XI. - - - 84. OMALIA. BRID. - -546. O. TRICHOMANOIDES. Dill. St. about 1in. irregularly pinnate; l. -crowded, sub-secund, complanate, oval, serrulate at obtuse rounded apex, -faintly nerved half way; caps. small sub-cylindrical, sub-erect, lid -with an oblique beak. - -Trunks of trees and shady rocks. X. XI. - - - 85. NECKERA. Hedwig. - -547. N. COMPLANATA. Bry. Eur. St. 1–2in. pinnate; br. short crowded -attenuate; l. complanate, not undulate, obliquely ovate-oblong, suddenly -apiculate from broadish apex, faintly and shortly two-nerved; caps. -roundish elliptical, tapering below, erect; lid large, obliquely -rostrate: dioicous. - -Trunks of trees, walls, &c. X.—XII. - - -548. N. CRISPA. Dill. St. 4–6in. pinnate, from a creeping rhizome; l. -complanate, undulate, ovate-oblong or ovate-ligulate, somewhat obtuse -and pointed, serrulate at apex, faintly and shortly two-nerved or singly -nerved half way; caps. roundish ovate erect; lid with a long oblique -beak: dioicous. - -Mountainous rocks, trees. XI.—IV. - - -549. N. PUMILA. Huds. St. 1–2in. sub-pinnate, with slender flagellæ and -short complanate branches; l. complanate undulate, ovate-oblong, -tapering, apiculate or acuminate, somewhat concave, serrulate, margin -recurved, shortly two-nerved or nerveless; caps. elliptical, erect, on a -very short seta; lid with a short beak: dioicous. - -Trunks of trees and rocks. X. XI. - - -550. N. PHILIPPEANA. Schp. Primary stem creeping densely pinnate, -secondary ascending remotely pinnate; l. densely imbricate, complanate, -strongly and elegantly undulate, ovate-lanceolate, sharply narrowed into -a longer or shorter flexuose apiculus, nerveless; areolæ small linear. -[Bry. Eur. V. 445. Schp. Syn. 471.] Possibly only a variety of _N. -pumila_. - -Bark of a young ash tree, Valley of Hirnant, Bala, N. Wales (Rev. H. H. -Higgins), July, 1872, barren; Scotland. - - -551. N. PENNATA. Hall. St. 2in. pinnate, with complanate longer -branches; l. complanate undulate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a -slightly serrulate point, otherwise entire, nerveless, or sometimes -shortly and faintly two-nerved; caps. oblong or oval immersed, lid with -a short oblique beak: monoicous. - -Trunks of trees, rare. Spring. - - - 86. HOOKERIA. SMITH. - -552. H. LUCENS. Dill. St. 1–3in. procumbent, with irregular complanate -branches; l. complanate, large roundish ovate, obtuse, entire, -nerveless; areolæ large, hexagonal, pellucid; caps. roundish elliptical, -almost pendulous; lid conical, suddenly tapering into a long straight -beak: monoicous. - -Moist banks, stones in streams, &c. XI. XII. - - -553. H. LÆTEVIRENS. H. & T. St. shorter and more slender, procumbent, -sub-pinnate; l. complanate, loosely imbricate, smaller, ovate, suddenly -and shortly acuminate, with a thickened border; doubly nerved above half -way, serrulate at apex; areolæ smaller, hexagonal; caps. smaller, -drooping, roundish, elliptical; lid as above: monoicous. - -Caves, wet rocks, and by rivulets. XI. XII. - - - 87. DALTONIA. HOOKER & TAYLOR. - -554. D. SPLACHNOIDES. H. & T. St. ¼in. tufted, erect, br. fastigiate; l. -crowded, sub-erect, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly keeled, -entire, nerve vanishing below apex; per. l. small ovate; caps. small -oval-oblong, sub-erect, lid large, with a long straight beak. - -Sub-alpine moist shady rocks and trees, rare. X. XI. - - - 88. CRYPHÆA. MOHR. - -555. C. HETEROMALLA. Dill. St. 1in. decumbent, sparingly branched, -sub-pinnate; l. spreading, imbricate, slightly recurved, broadly ovate, -pointed, concave, thickly nerved nearly to apex; per. l. elliptic, with -an excurrent nerve; caps. oblong immersed, appearing secund; lid -conical, pointed: synoicous. - -Trunks of trees. - - var. β. _aquatilis._ st. elongate, l. roundish ovate obtuse; stones in - running streams, or trees. - - - 89. FONTINALIS. DILL. - -556. F. ANTIPYRETICA. L. St. very long, often 1ft., with long spreading -branches; l. ovate-lanceolate, very concave, keeled, nerveless, all on -each branch with one margin reflexed on the same side, the other plane, -sometimes serrulate near apex; caps. oval or ovate, immersed; lid long -conical acute. - -Streams and stagnant water. VI. VII. - - -557. F. SQUARROSA. L. St. shorter, but elongate; br. numerous, crowded -fasciculate, not spreading; l. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, concave, -not keeled, margin not reflexed, nerveless, entire; caps. similar to -last. - -Mountain rivulets. VI. VII. - - - 90. DICHELYMA. MYRIN. - -558. D. CAPILLACEUM. Dicks. St. 3–6in. slender, brittle, with a few -distichous spreading branches; l. erecto-patent, secund, -subulate-setaceous, keeled, with a long excurrent nerve; per. l. long -convolute, nerveless; caps. short oval, almost immersed; lid large -conical, beaked. - -Alpine rivulets. Summer. - - - - - APPENDIX. - - - I. ADDITIONAL SPECIES. - -SPHAGNUM LARICINUM. Spruce. (_S. neglectum_, Angst.) St. 4–6in. solid, -_the bark_ pale, of 2–3 layers of cells. Br. fascicles more or less -crowded, of 3–4 br., of which one or two are divergent, the others -pendent, but not appressed nor acute. St. l. small ovate, cucullate at -apex, at last minutely fimbriate, patent or reflexed; basal cells -hyaline utricular, the middle and lateral very narrow, the apical -rhomboid, with scarcely any fibres or pores; br. l. sub-secund, recurved -at point, ovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the point with 3–5 -teeth, margin recurved above, rather broadly bordered; hyaline cells -serpentine elongate, with many threads and pores; caps. scarcely -exserted. [Dr. Braithwaite, Monthly Micros. Jour., 1872, p. 159.] - -Deep bogs. - -Terrington Carr, Yorkshire, 1846 (Spruce); Holyhead (Wilson); Braemar, -1868 (Hunt). - -DICRANUM UNDULATUM. Ehr. St. naked and decumbent at base; l. patulous, -upper falcato-secund or appressed and slightly secund from a broad -oblong base, lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a dagger-shaped point -ending somewhat abruptly in the acute apex, beautifully undulate in the -upper half, carinate; margin revolute below, coarsely serrate above with -spinulose irregular teeth; nerve flattened, narrow and extended to apex, -narrowly two-winged and _serrate_ at back; cells elongate oblong or -elongate hexagonal, those of central base sub-quadrate and hyaline. [Dr. -Braithwaite, in _Grevillea_, i., 108.] - -Stockton Forest, near York, 1842 (Spruce); again 1872 (Mr. Anderson). It -has doubtless been frequently overlooked or mistaken for _D. scoparium_ -or _D. Bonjeanii_ (_palustre_). - -BRYUM (WEBERA) BREIDLERI. Juratzka. Dioicous. St. 1½in. reddish brown -and procumbent below, light green above, l. ovate, decurrent, -erecto-patent, concave, serrate towards apex, margin recurved, thinly -nerved nearly to apex, areolæ narrow elongate, upper acute at both ends, -lower quadrate; male fl. terminal discoid, outer perig. l. spreading -elliptic-lanceolate, saccate at base, margin strongly recurved, apex -cucullate serrate; inner obovate, suddenly acuminate; perich. l. -linear-lanceolate, strongly nerved; caps. oval pendulous, glaucous green -when young, pale reddish brown when ripe, on a slender seta geniculate -at base. [Hunt. Mem. Lit. and Phil. Soc., Manchr., 1871–2, p. 101.] - -Wet _debris_ of slaty rocks near springs. VII. VIII. - -Glen Callater, Loch-na-gar, Carnlochan Glen (Hunt). - -BRYUM. (WEBERA) SCHIMPERI. Wils. (_non_ Bry. Eur.) L. more rigid, erect, -narrow, lanceolate, less decurrent, nerve stronger, continued almost to -apex; areolæ a little longer and more obscure. [Hunt, l. c.] - -_Debris_ of micaceous rock. VII. - -Ben Lawers, Perthshire Mts., Snowdon. - - - II. ALTERATIONS OF NOMENCLATURE, AND SYNONYMS. - -No. 54. _W. truncicola_ De Not. = - -DICRANUM MONTANUM. Hedw. “Having shown the specimen to Prof. Lindberg -during his recent visit, he informed me that he was under the impression -that Juratzka had referred it to _Dic. montanum_; and on comparing the -two I find they are truly identical. The species is, however, none the -less an addition to our flora.... its place will be next to _D. -strictum._” [Dr. Braithwaite, in _Grevillea_ i., p. 75.] - -No. 71. _Dicranum polycarpum._ β. _strumiferum_ = ONCOPHORUS STRUMIFER. -Brid. - - - ONCOPHORUS. BRID. - - L. spreading flexuose from a sub-decurrent base; caps. cernuous - incurved, neck shortly and widely strumose, not striate. - -O. STRUMIFER. Brid. “This is again restored to the rank of a species, as -it differs from _O. polycarpus (Dicranum)_ in the caps. being more or -less cernuous, constantly strumose at base, with a compound annulus, and -in the leaves having papillæ only on the upper surface.” [Dr. -Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. VIII. 228.] - - -84. DICRANUM HETEROMALLUM. δ. _sericeum._ - -Add as a synonym, _Dicranodontium sericeum_. Schp. - - -85. _D. Starkii._ β. _molle_ = - -D. ARCTICUM. Schp. Its general appearance better distinguishes it from -_D. Starkii_ than its microscopical characters. It is _quite erect_, -growing in large loose patches, stems 3–4in., elastic, very robust; -foliage of a fine purplish brown colour; leaf wider below, and more -suddenly contracted upwards, with a thinner nerve; fruits earlier. -[Hunt. l. c. p. 321.] - -Ben-mac-dhui and Ben Nevis. - - -92. D. CIRCINNATUM. Wils. - -Add as synonyms _Dicranodontium aristatum_. Schp. _D. asperulum._ Mitt. - -96. D. PALUSTRE. Brid. Dr. Braithwaite points out in _Grevillea_ I., -109, that La Pylaie’s specimens of this moss (Bridel Bryol. Univ. I. -814) belong to _Campylopus flexuosus_, as shewn by De Notaris in his -Epil. Bryol. Ital.; and that hence the name D. BONJEANII, De Not. is to -be preferred. The synonymy would then stand:— - - -96. D. BONJEANII. De Not. Syllab. Muse. 213 (1838); Muell. Synopsis I., -369 (1849). _D. palustre._ Bry. Eur. and Bry. Brit., p. 79 (_non_ -Bridel.) _D. undulatum._ Turn. Musc. Hib. - -The following amended diagnosis of this species is from the same author -(in _Grev._ i., 109):—“Seta solitary; st. erect; l. more or less -erecto-patent, straight, from a broad linear flat base, broadly -oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a strap-shaped point, -tapering into an acute apex, lightly undulate above, canaliculate; -margin acutely serrate above, teeth uniform in shape and direction; -nerve very narrow, vanishing below apex, _smooth_ at back; basal cells -short quadrate, brownish, above elongate hexagonal or parallelogramic, -uppermost elliptic-oblong.” - - -361. _E. minimum_, Hunt. is now ascertained to be SPLACHNOBRYUM -WRIGHTII, Muell., and can hardly be considered as indigenous, “for the -spores have most probably been mixed with soil attached to some exotic, -and thus accidentally scattered on the wall where it was -found.”—[Braithwaite.] - - -SPLACHNOBRYUM. C. Muell. Verhand. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 1869. p. 501. - -“Calyp. dimidiate, enclosing the whole theca and embracing spirally the -upper part of the seta, cleft at side, smooth, fugacious. Perist. -simple, arising below mouth of caps., teeth 16 very narrow, -linear-lanceolate acicular, with the articulations remote. Columella -immersed. Dioicous, male fl. gemmaceous, without paraphyses. Plants -small slender, with distant spathulate leaves.” - - -S. WRIGHTII. Muell. l. c. (_Entosthodon minimus_, Hunt. l. c. -_Amblyphyllum Hibernicum_, Lindb. MS.) - -“St. ¼–⅓in. simple sub-flexuose, pale red, slightly radiculose; l. -bright green distant (base narrow, slightly decurrent), patent, -flattish, obovate or spathulate, rounded at apex, margin reflexed below, -entire or minutely serrulate in male, crenulate above in female plant, -nerve thick, prominent at back, vanishing below apex; cells large lax, -pellucid, smooth, incrassate, rhombo-rectangular at base, rhomboidal -above, smaller and nearly circular at margin; caps. erect, obconical at -base, sub-cylindrical, wide-mouthed, pale brown; seta slender, twisted -to left; lid conical acute.” [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c.] - - - III. ERRATA. - - p. 57. Head line, “c” inverted. - - „ 71. line 9, for “obtuse,” read “acute.” - - „ 81. line 5 from bottom, specific name should begin with a capital - M. - - „ 99. for “TETRADONTIUM” read “TETRODONTIUM.” - - „ „ last line, before “long” read “l.” - - „ 127. line 17, for “hexaganal” read “hexagonal.” - - „ 141. line 6 from bottom, for “Nowcll” read “Nowell.” - - „ 152. line 5 from bottom, for “EURYNCHUM” read “EURYNCHIUM.” - - „ 139. line 3, for “ANÆCTANGIUM” read “ANŒCTANGIUM.” - - - - - GLOSSARY - OF THE - PRINCIPAL TERMS USED IN THIS VOLUME. - - - _Acuminate._ taper-pointed. - - _Acute._ pointed, scarcely tapering. - _Alar._ (cells) at basal angles. - _Annulus._ an elastic ring round mouth of caps. - _Apicu-lus (-late.)_ a very short point. - _Apophysis._ an excrescence; a swelling at base of capsule. - _Arcuate._ arched or curved. - _Areolæ._ the leaf cells. - _Arista._ a short bristly point. - _Auricles_ (of leaf). short lobes on each side of base. - - _Bifarious._ two-ranked. - - _Cæpitose._ tufted or matted together. - _Calyptra._ the outermost covering, or veil, of the capsule. - _Capsule._ the fruit, enclosing the spores. - _Carinate._ keeled. - _Cernuous._ nodding. - _Chlorophyll._ the green matter filling the cells. - _Cilia._ hair-like divisions of the inner peristome. - _Circinnate._ curved nearly into a circle. - _Cirrhose._ having a very narrow hair-like wavy point. - _Clavate._ club-shaped. - _Columella._ the central pillar of caps. round which the spores are - grouped. - _Comal._ the large topmost leaves of some stems. - _Complanate._ flat. - _Convolute._ rolled together. Acuminate. taper-pointed. - _Cucullate_ (_cucullus_). hooded. - _Cuspidate._ with a short bristly point. - - _Decurrent._ (of leaf.) running down the stem. - _Dendroid._ tree-like. - _Dentate._ toothed. - _Denticulate._ with smaller teeth. - _Diaphanous._ semi-transparent. - _Dichotomous._ forked. - _Dimidiate._ split up one side. - _Dioicous._ barren and fertile flowers on different plants. - _Distichous._ inserted in two opposite rows. - _Divaricate._ widely spreading. - _Dorsal._ at the back. - - _Erose._ as if bitten or gnawed out. - _Excurrent._ (of nerve.) continued beyond the apex of leaf. - _Exserted._ standing out from the leaves. - - _Falcate._ falchion-shaped, or much bent. - _Fasciculate_ (stems or branches), of unequal height. - _Fastigiate_ (stems or branches), reaching to same height. - _Filiform._ thread-like. - _Fugacious._ falling early. - - _Gemmiform_ or _Gemmaceous_. like a bud. - _Geniculate._ suddenly bent like the leg when kneeling. - _Gibbous._ bunched or swelling out. - _Granulate._ roughly dotted on surface. - _Gregarious._ growing together, but not matted. - - _Hamate, Hamulose._ bent like a hook. - _Hyaline._ glassy. - _Hygrometric_ (_Hygroscopic_). moving when moistened. - - _Imbricate._ overlapping each other like tiles. - _Immersed_ (of caps.) when almost buried in the leaves. - _Inflexed._ bent inwards. - - _Julaceous._ resembling a slender glossy worm. - - _Lamina._ the blade of the leaf. - _Lid._ the cover to the mouth of caps. - _Ligulate._ strap-shaped. - _Lingulate._ tongue-shaped. - - _Mitriform_ (of calyp.) mitre-shaped, not split up the side. - _Monoicous._ barren and fertile fl. on same plant, but not on same - receptacle. - _Mucro._ a short terminal point. - _Mucronate._ terminated with a mucro. - _Muriculate._ roughened with sharpish prominences. - _Muticous._ without a point. - - _Ochrea._ the filmy sheath surrounding base of seta. - - _Pagina._ the blade of the leaf apart from the nerve. - _Panduriform._ fiddle-shaped. - _Papillose._ roughened with blunt roundish prominences. - _Percurrent._ extending the entire length. - _Perichætium._ the leafy involucre at base of seta, surrounding the - vaginula in fertile fl. - _Perigonium._ the leaves surrounding the barren fl. - _Peristome._ the teeth at mouth of caps. covered by the lid before it - falls. - _Plicate._ furrowed. - _Præmorse._ ending suddenly, as if bitten off. - _Pyriform._ pear-shaped. - - _Quadrate._ square. - - _Radicles._ small rooting fibres. - _Radiculose._ covered with radicles. - _Rhizome._ a creeping subterranean stem. - _Rhomboid (rhombus)._ an oblique square. - _Rostellate._ with a very short beak. - _Rostrate._ with a longer beak. - _Rugose._ wrinkled or crumpled. - - _Scariose._ dry and chaffy (opposed to tender and succulent). - _Secund._ all turned to one side. - _Seta._ the fruit-stalk. - _Setaceous._ bristle-shaped. - _Spathulate._ somewhat resembling a battle-door. - _Strumose._ swollen at base. - _Sub-._ in a slight degree; _e. g._ “sub-serrate” slightly serrate. - _Subula._ an awl. - _Subulate._ awl-shaped. - _Sulcate._ furrowed. - _Synoicous._ male and female fl. on same receptacle. - - _Terete._ cylindrical. - _Thæca._ the capsule. - _Tomentose._ covered with down. - _Truncate._ having the point cut off. - _Tumid._ swollen. - _Turbinate._ shaped like a peg-top. - - _Vaginula._ the cellular sheath surrounding the base of the seta. - _Vermicular._ narrow and wavy (like a worm). - _Villi._ short leafy processes on the stem amongst the leaves. - _Villous._ covered with villi. - - _Uncinate._ bent like a hook. - _Undulate._ wavy. - - - - - INDEX - TO GENERA AND SYNONYMS. - - - Amblyodon, 125 - - Amblystegium, 162 - - Anacalypta, 57 - - Andreæa, 21 - - Anodus, 38 - - Anœctangium, 139 - - Anomodon, 140 - - Antitrichia, 140 - - Archidium, 26 - - Arctoa, 39 - - Atrichum, 100 - - Aulacomnion, 105 - - - _Barbula_, 66 - - Bartramia, 128 - - Bartramidula, 128 - - Blindia, 39 - - Brachyodus, 36 - - Brachythecium, 148 - - Bryum, 106 - - Buxbaumia, 99 - - - Camptothecium, 147 - - Campylopus, 50 - - Campylostelium, 36 - - Catascopium, 132 - - Ceratodon, 49 - - Cinclidium, 124 - - Cinclidotus, 74 - - Climacium, 142 - - Conostomum, 132 - - Cryphæa, 184 - - Cylindrothecium, 142 - - Cynodontium, 39, 59 - - - Daltonia, 184 - - _Desmatodon_, 58, 65 - - Dichelyma, 185 - - Dicranodontium, 44, 47, 49 - - _Dicranella_, 40, 63 - - Dicranum, 40 - - Didymodon, 58, 65 - - Diphyscium, 99 - - Discelium, 133 - - Dissodon, 134 - - Distichium, 58 - - _Ditrichum_, 62 - - _Dryptodon_, 86 - - - Encalypta, 74 - - Entosthodon, 127 - - _Ephemerum_, 26 - - Eurynchium, 152 - - - Fissidens, 135 - - Fontinalis, 185 - - Funaria, 126 - - - Glyphomitrium, 88 - - Grimmia, 77 - - Gymnostomum, 31 - - - Habrodon, 141 - - Hedwigia, 76 - - Hedwigidium, 77 - - Hookeria, 184 - - Hylocomium, 180 - - Hyocomium, 156 - - Hypnum, 143, 145 - _eu_-Hypnum, 165 - - - Isothecium, 142, 152 - - - Leptobryum, 106 - - Leptodon, 140 - - Leskea, 143, 160, 163 - - Leucobryum, 49 - - Leucodon, 139 - - - Meesia, 125 - - Mielichhoferia, 124 - - Mnium, 121 - - _Myurella_, 143 - - - Neckera, 182 - - - Œdipodium, 135 - - Oligotrichum, 101 - - Omalia, 182 - - Oncophorus, 188 - - Orthodontium, 106 - - Orthotrichum, 89 - - - Paludella, 125 - - Phascum, 26 - - _Philonotis_, 129 - - Physcomitrium, 127 - - Plagiothecium, 160 - - Pogonatum, 101 - - Polytrichum, 102 - - Pottia, 55, 64 - - Pterogonium, 141 - - Ptychodium, 147 - - Ptychomitrium, 89 - - - Racomitrium, 86 - - Rhabdoweissia, 36 - - Rhynchostegium, 157 - - - _Schistidium_, 77 - - Schistostega, 135 - - Scleropodium, 151 - - Seligeria, 37 - - Sphagnum, 23 - - Splachnobryum, 189 - - Splachnum, 133 - - Stylostegium, 38 - - _Syntrichia_, 70 - - - Tayloria, 134 - - Tetraphis, 98 - - Tetraplodon, 134 - - Tetrodontium, 99 - - Thamnium, 159 - - Thuyidium, 145 - - Timmia, 104 - - Tortola, 63, 74 - - Trichostomum, 50, 69, 73 - - - Webera, 187 - - Weissia, 33 - - - Zygodon, 97 - - - B. 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