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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of Point Park Lookout Mountain and
-Chattanooga Battlefields, by Anonymous
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: Point Park Lookout Mountain and Chattanooga Battlefields
- National Military Park, Georgia and Tennessee
-
-Author: Anonymous
-
-Release Date: July 19, 2021 [eBook #65875]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading
- Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POINT PARK LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN
-AND CHATTANOOGA BATTLEFIELDS ***
-
-
-
-
-
- Point Park
- Lookout Mountain
- and Chattanooga
- Battlefields
-
-
- CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA
- _National Military Park_
- GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE
-
- [Illustration: Seal]
-
- UNITED STATES
- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
- National Park Service
-
-
-
-
-The National Park System, of which this area is a unit, is dedicated to
-conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United
-States for the benefit and inspiration of its people.
-
- Cover: _Chattanooga and the winding Tennessee River from Point
- Park, Lookout Mountain._
-
- U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 0-618486 REPRINT 1961
-
- [Illustration: uncaptioned]
-
-
-
-
- Point Park, Lookout Mountain and Chattanooga Battlefields
- CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK
-
-
- _The Battle of Chattanooga—a Union victory in November 1863 which
- secured that important railroad center and opened the way for the
- Atlanta Campaign_
-
-Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, oldest and largest
-of the national military park areas, was established in commemoration of
-two important battles of the American Civil War. On these battlefields
-gallant soldiers of the North and the South fought for control of
-Chattanooga, strategic railroad center and gateway to the heart of the
-Confederate States. Here, thousands of men on both sides exemplified the
-true American qualities of independence, courage, and self-sacrifice,
-which constitute the enduring strength of our democracy. At the
-dedication of the park, a veteran of the battle said: “Here ... we and
-they, the living and the dead, Confederate and Federal, fought for the
-right as each understood it, for the Constitution as each construed it,
-and for the liberty as each interpreted it.”
-
-
-
-
- _The Campaign for Chattanooga_
-
-
-Chattanooga was an important railroad center at the time of the Civil
-War. Railroad lines radiated in the four principal directions and
-provided connections with Nashville, Memphis, Atlanta, and Richmond. The
-location of the city on the navigable Tennessee River where there were
-gaps in the mountains added to its strategic value. Its capture by Union
-forces would be a severe blow to the South. It would check the east and
-west passage of men and supplies for the Southern armies and provide a
-springboard for the invasion of Georgia.
-
-During the summer and early fall of 1863, by skillful maneuvers, the
-Union Army of the Cumberland forced the Southern Army of Tennessee out
-of middle Tennessee and Chattanooga. On September 19 and 20, at
-Chickamauga Creek in Georgia, the two armies met in one of the fiercest
-engagements of the war. While this battle ended in Confederate victory,
-the Union forces succeeded in retreating northward into Chattanooga.
-
-The Confederates now settled down to siege tactics and attempted to
-force the surrender of the Army of the Cumberland through starvation. By
-occupying Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge and by establishing a
-line between the two heights, they cut off all but the most difficult
-route by which supplies could be brought into the city. Within a month
-the Union Army in Chattanooga was in a desperate situation and was
-reduced to half rations. Ten thousand horses and mules died and
-surrender seemed inevitable.
-
-The North, however, met this crisis by a change of command and
-reinforcements. Troops from the Army of the Potomac in Virginia and from
-Grant’s Vicksburg forces in Mississippi were sent hurrying to
-Chattanooga, and General Grant arrived to take the overall command.
-
-The reinforcements arrived in time to save the besieged army. A new
-supply route was opened and was successfully defended. As a result of
-this timely aid, the siege of Chattanooga failed. Nevertheless, the
-Confederates still held their positions. In November the greatly
-strengthened Union Army assumed the offensive.
-
- [Illustration: _Missionary Ridge from DeLong Reservation._]
-
-
-
-
- _The Battle of Chattanooga_
-
-
-The Battle of Chattanooga was a 3-day engagement, November 23 to 25. As
-planned by the Union officers, victory was to be won by a flanking
-movement against the Confederate right wing on the north end of
-Missionary Ridge. If this position were carried, Union troops in the
-center were to join in an effort to sweep the Confederates from their
-base of supplies and communications and to defeat them. The engagement,
-however, developed much differently. While the main force was maneuvered
-into position, a demonstration attack was made on a Confederate outpost
-at Orchard Knob, about a mile in front of Missionary Ridge. This advance
-movement was successfully carried out on November 23 but it warned the
-Confederates of danger on that right flank and prompted them to
-strengthen their positions.
-
-On the next day, while the maneuvering force was still getting into
-position, the Union officers tried another demonstration, this time to
-divert the Confederates on their left. Moving along the slopes of
-Lookout Mountain from the western side, Union troops gradually drove
-back the few Confederate defenders. At Cravens Farm, however, they met
-stubborn resistance from an entrenched line of troops. Here the fighting
-was most serious, the Confederates finally being dislodged and forced to
-retreat to a new line 400 yards beyond. At this point the fighting
-ended, and although the Confederates had not yet been driven from the
-mountain, their position was in danger. Rather than risk being cut off
-from the main line of forces on Missionary Ridge, the Confederate
-commander, General Bragg, evacuated all troops from Lookout Mountain and
-the valley below. When Union soldiers scaled the palisades the next
-morning, they found the mountain deserted.
-
-On the third day, the Union Army resumed the attempt to gain a foothold
-on the north end of Missionary Ridge, which it had previously failed to
-take, but all attacks were repulsed by the Confederates. The forces on
-Lookout Mountain were ordered to advance across Chattanooga Valley to
-attack the Confederate left flank, but they advanced slowly. Meanwhile,
-in order to relieve the situation on both Union flanks, other troops
-were thrown against the Confederate rifle pits along the base of
-Missionary Ridge. In a rush these Union soldiers carried the rifle pits.
-Then in their enthusiasm, without waiting for further orders, they
-charged up the mountain slopes and broke the Confederate positions. This
-precipitated a general retreat of the Confederate Army across the border
-into Georgia. Complete control of Chattanooga and its approaches had at
-last been won by the Union.
-
- [Illustration: _Tennessee River from Point Park, Lookout Mountain._]
-
-
-
-
- _The Park_
-
-
-Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park is composed of
-separate areas, the more important of which are: Chickamauga
-Battlefield, in Georgia; Point Park and the Battlefield of Lookout
-Mountain, and Orchard Knob, in Chattanooga; a chain of small
-reservations located on Missionary Ridge; and Signal Point on Signal
-Mountain. The park contains approximately 8,190 acres of Federal land.
-
-
-
-
- _Point Park and Lookout Mountain Battlefield_
-
-
-You are urged to go first to Point Park on Lookout Mountain, where from
-the terrace of the Adolph S. Ochs Observatory and Museum, high above the
-winding Tennessee River, you may obtain a comprehensive view of the
-Battlefield of Chattanooga. On the parapet are markers to identify the
-more important troop positions, and maps are available to indicate the
-natural and historic features of interest. You may get further
-assistance from a National Park Service attendant.
-
-The observatory and museum bears the name of one of the park’s major
-benefactors, the late Adolph S. Ochs, publisher of the Chattanooga Times
-and the New York Times. He was responsible for the acquisition of
-considerable land on Lookout Mountain for inclusion in the park.
-
-From Lookout Point interesting foot trails, extending along eastern and
-western flanks of the mountain, will reveal to you unusual rock
-formations typical of the area and will provide ever-changing and
-beautiful vistas of the countryside below.
-
-You can reach Point Park from Chattanooga via U. S. 41, 64, 72, and 11
-which combine as they leave the city and skirt the base of Lookout
-Mountain. You then turn off on the Scenic Highway, which leads up the
-mountain to the park entrance. You may also visit the park by means of
-the St. Elmo buses from Chattanooga, which connect with the Lookout
-Mountain Incline Railway at the foot of the mountain. The top of the
-incline is within short walking distance of the Point Park entrance.
-
-
-
-
- _Missionary Ridge_
-
-
-To commemorate the engagement on Missionary Ridge, there are a series of
-park areas located at important points on the ridge. Access to these
-areas is provided by the Crest Road which runs the entire length of the
-line occupied by the Confederates during the battle. Markers, monuments,
-tablets, and gun positions will provide you with information, and you
-can get excellent views of Chattanooga along this drive. The more
-important units of the park on Missionary Ridge are: The Sherman
-Reservation, where Sherman’s forces unsuccessfully attacked the north
-end of the Confederate line; the DeLong Reservation, site of one of the
-breaks in the Confederate line; the Ohio Reservation, an area set aside
-to commemorate the participation of Ohio troops in the battles; and the
-Bragg Reservation, where the Confederate commander had his headquarters.
-
-
-
-
- _Orchard Knob_
-
-
-This unit of the park is located near McCallie Avenue (U. S. 11 and 64),
-in Chattanooga. It marks the site where the first action of the Battle
-of Chattanooga took place. Orchard Knob became General Grant’s
-headquarters during the remainder of the battle.
-
-
-
-
- _Administration_
-
-
-Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park is administered by
-the National Park Service of the United States Department of the
-Interior.
-
-At the park headquarters, located on the Chickamauga Battlefield in
-Georgia, there are a museum and reference library. The Fuller gun
-collection of American shoulder arms is an outstanding attraction of the
-museum.
-
-Additional information may be obtained by addressing the Superintendent,
-Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.
-
-Those who plan to visit in a group may receive special service if
-advance arrangements are made with the superintendent.
-
- [Illustration: CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA
- NATIONAL MILITARY PARK
- GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE]
-
-
-
-
- Transcriber’s Notes
-
-
-—Silently corrected a few typos.
-
-—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
- is public-domain in the country of publication.
-
-—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
- _underscores_.
-
-
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POINT PARK LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND
-CHATTANOOGA BATTLEFIELDS ***
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