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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Death of Captain Wells, by Anonymous
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: The Death of Captain Wells
-
-Author: Anonymous
-
-Release Date: July 21, 2021 [eBook #65890]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading
- Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN WELLS ***
-
- [Illustration: _Captain William Wells_]
-
-
-
-
- THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN WELLS
-
-
- Prepared by the Staff of the
- Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County
- 1954
-
- [Illustration: Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen
- County]
-
-One of a historical series, this pamphlet is published under the
-direction of the governing Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne
-and Allen County.
-
- BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOOL CITY OF FORT WAYNE
-
- _B.F. Geyer, President_
- _Joseph E. Kramer, Secretary_
- _W. Page Yarnelle, Treasurer_
- _Mrs. Sadie Fulk Roehrs_
- _Willard Shambaugh_
-
- PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD FOR ALLEN COUNTY
-
-The members of this Board include the members of the Board of Trustees
-of the School City of Fort Wayne (with the same officers) together with
-the following citizens chosen from Allen County outside the corporate
-City of Fort Wayne.
-
- _James E. Graham_
- _Arthur Niemeier_
- _Mrs. Glenn Henderson_
- _Mrs. Charles Reynolds_
-
-
-
-
- FOREWORD
-
-
-The character of William Wells remains an enigma, for his life has long
-been obscured by conflicting accounts of his role in Indian affairs. At
-one time, William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory,
-thought him untrustworthy and believed that he should be removed from
-his position as Indian agent. Wells often appeared to his contemporaries
-as a turncoat and a traitor to his own people because of his sympathy
-with the red men. Other accounts, chiefly by his military associates,
-are earnest tributes to his strength and valor. Captain Allan H.
-Dougall, author of the following article, considered Wells only a
-“celebrated Indian fighter.”
-
-Captain Dougall relates the death of Wells at the Massacre of Fort
-Dearborn, on the site of the present city of Chicago. His account first
-appeared in the FORT WAYNE DAILY GAZETTE, December 18, 1887. The Boards
-and the Staff of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County
-reprint the item in the hope that it will interest and inform local
-readers. Grammar, spelling, and punctuation have been changed to conform
-to current usage.
-
-
-In July, 1812, Captain Nathan Heald, then in command of Fort Dearborn,
-notified General William Hull that he was being surrounded by a furious
-band of Indians who were in communication with Tecumseh; Heald desired
-aid immediately. General Hull sent an express to Fort Wayne to speed the
-immediate relief of Captain Heald and his command. Hearing of the
-proposed expedition, Captain William Wells volunteered to go to the
-relief of Captain Heald and to act as escort for the soldiers. His offer
-was accepted; on August 3, 1812, he set out with thirty hand-picked
-Miami warriors, who were friendly, fully equipped, and full of hope and
-courage.
-
-Wells had been stolen by the Miami when he was a boy of twelve; soon
-afterward he was adopted by Little Turtle, their great chief. He served
-with the Indians at the outbreak of hostilities in 1790 and was present
-at the defeat of St. Clair near Fort Recovery, Ohio. It is said,
-however, that he then began to realize that he was fighting against his
-own kindred, and he soon resolved to leave the Indians. Therefore, he
-asked Little Turtle to accompany him east of Fort Wayne to a point on
-the Maumee known as the “Big Elm.” When the two had reached this spot,
-Wells said: “Father, we have long been friends; I now leave you to go to
-my own people. We will be friends until the sun reaches the midday
-height. From that time we will be enemies. If you want to kill me then,
-you may. If I want to kill you, I may.” He then crossed the Maumee River
-and set out for General Wayne’s army. Sometime after reaching Wayne, he
-was made captain of a company of scouts. Later he settled north of the
-St. Mary’s River on a farm which is still known as Wells Reserve. At
-this time he served as Indian agent and as justice of the peace. Wells
-also rendered valuable services to General Harrison, governor of the
-territory.
-
- [Illustration: “...we have long been friends...”]
-
-Nothing unusual occurred on the journey of Captain Wells to Fort
-Dearborn with his Miami warriors. He arrived safely on the evening of
-August 12, but he was too late to have any influence on the question of
-the evacuation of the fort. Captain Heald had already determined to
-follow out General Hull’s instructions by agreeing to deliver the fort
-and its contents to the Indians. The supplies of muskets, ammunition,
-and whisky were very large; and it appears that Captain Heald had
-thought of leaving them as they were. On learning this, Captain Wells
-told him that it was madness to hand over these supplies, which would
-only serve to excite the already infuriated Indians. In this opinion,
-Captain Wells was ably supported by John Kinzie and some of the junior
-officers, who prevailed on Captain Heald to destroy the supplies.
-Accordingly, on the night of the thirteenth, he caused all surplus
-ammunition and arms to be destroyed and all the whisky to be thrown into
-Lake Michigan. In the afternoon of the fourteenth, a council was held
-between the whites and the Indians, at which the Potawatomi professed to
-be highly indignant at the destruction of the whisky and ammunition;
-they made numerous threats which plainly showed their murderous
-intentions.
-
-Black Partridge, who was one of the most influential of the Potawatomi
-chiefs, had been friendly to the whites since the Treaty of Greenville
-in 1795, when he had received a medal from General Wayne. In the evening
-Black Partridge came to the fort and entered Captain Heald’s
-headquarters. “Father,” he said, “I come to deliver up to you the medal
-I wear. It was given me by the Americans, and I have long worn it as a
-token of mutual friendship. But now our young men are resolved to imbrue
-their hands with the blood of the whites, and I cannot restrain them. I
-will not wear a token of peace when I am compelled to act as an enemy.”
-
-As the number of Indians about the fort was constantly increasing,
-Captain Heald at last decided to evacuate the fort, which he should have
-done before. On the morning of August 15, 1812, the troops commenced to
-move out of the fort; by some strange and weird choice of the drum
-major, a dead march was played as they marched.
-
- [Illustration: to deliver up to you the medal]
-
-They advanced along the lake shore, keeping near the water east of the
-sand hills and banks; these elevations partially screened them from
-view. The group had not proceeded far, when to their surprise the five
-hundred Potawatomi who had volunteered as an escort suddenly filed to
-the right and rapidly disappeared among the sand hills. As soon as the
-Indians were out of sight on the west side of the hills, they crouched
-down to hide their movements and ran ahead some distance to form an
-ambuscade. Then they awaited the coming of the troops. Riding ahead,
-Captain Wells had observed their movements; with his experience he knew
-immediately that the party would be attacked. He returned to the troops,
-dismounted, assembled the soldiers, and marched them forward. When the
-little band had reached a point about one and a half miles from the
-fort, the Indians opened fire on them. The company of soldiers charged
-up the bank and over the sand hills, firing as they advanced, while the
-Indians returned the fire with deadly effect from their sheltered
-position. As soon as the fighting commenced, the friendly Miami who had
-come from Fort Wayne and had stood by their adopted brother, Captain
-Wells, and their white allies, deserted them and took no part in the
-fight. Captains Wells and Heald and their small body of troops, fighting
-against fearful odds, succeeded in dislodging the enemy from their
-sheltered position; but the Indians were so numerous that part of them
-were able to outflank the soldiers and to take possession of their
-horses and baggage.
-
-During the fight a young Indian crept up to the baggage wagon, which
-contained twelve children, and tomahawked and scalped all of its
-occupants. Captain Wells, after fighting desperately, was surrounded and
-stabbed in the back. His body was horribly mangled; his head was cut
-off, and his heart was cut out and eaten by the savages. They thought
-that some of the brave captain’s courage and skill would thus be
-imparted to them. He was indeed a fearless officer and a celebrated
-Indian fighter, but the odds against him had been too great. Fifty-two
-whites were killed, including twenty-six soldiers, twelve militiamen,
-two women, and twelve children.
-
-Captain Heald ordered a retreat and withdrew the small remnant of his
-command. A parley ensued, and Heald surrendered on the condition that
-lives be spared. The soldiers then marched back to the fort, which was
-immediately plundered and burned by the Indians.
-
-It is sentimental nonsense to attribute the massacre to the failure of
-Captain Heald to act promptly at the time of the evacuation. The
-experiences and records of those who lived with and had dealings with
-Indians show beyond all doubt that as a race they are treacherous by
-nature. The more the government and individuals do for them, the more
-treacherous and unreliable they become.
-
- CAPTAIN ALLAN H. DOUGALL
-
-
-FORT WAYNE DAILY GAZETTE, December 18, 1887
-
-
-
-
- Transcriber’s Notes
-
-
-—Silently corrected a few typos.
-
-—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
- is public-domain in the country of publication.
-
-—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
- _underscores_.
-
-
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN WELLS ***
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