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diff --git a/old/66680-0.txt b/old/66680-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 48fab6d..0000000 --- a/old/66680-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3215 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Flowering Plants of South Africa; vol. -3/3, by I.B. Pole Capart - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Flowering Plants of South Africa; vol. 3/3 - -Author: I.B. Pole Capart - -Release Date: November 6, 2021 [eBook #66680] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - available at The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH -AFRICA; VOL. 3/3 *** - - - - - THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF - SOUTH AFRICA. - - A MAGAZINE CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE - FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SOUTH AFRICA. - - EDITED BY - I. B. POLE EVANS, C.M.G., M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., - - Chief, Division of Botany and Plant Pathology, Department of - Agriculture, Pretoria; and Director of the Botanical Survey of the - Union of South Africa. - - VOL. III. - - [Illustration] - - The veld which lies so desolate and bare - Will blossom into cities white and fair, - And pinnacles will pierce the desert air, - And sparkle in the sun. - R. C. MACFIE’S “EX UNITATE VIRES.” - - LONDON: - L. REEVE & CO., LTD., - 6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. - - SOUTH AFRICA: - THE SPECIALITY PRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA, LTD., - P.O. BOX 3958, JOHANNESBURG; P.O. BOX 388, CAPETOWN. - 1923. - - [_All rights reserved._] - - - - - TO - - SIR FRANK UMHLALI REYNOLDS, - - OF - - LYNTON HALL, UMDONI PARK, NATAL, - - WHOSE LOVE FOR GARDENING AND HORTICULTURE IS ONLY SURPASSED BY HIS - PUBLIC SPIRITED GENEROSITY, THIS VOLUME OF THE “FLOWERING PLANTS OF - SOUTH AFRICA” IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED. - -DIVISION OF BOTANY, PRETORIA, - -_August, 1923_. - -[Illustration: _81._] - - - - -PLATE 81. - -CLEMATOPSIS STANLEYI. - -_Transvaal. Tropical Africa._ - - -RANUNCULACEAE. Tribe CLEMATIDEAE. - -CLEMATOPSIS, _Bojer MS. ex Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin_, 1920, p. 12. - - -=Clematopsis Stanleyi=, _Hutchinson in Kew Bulletin_, 1920, p. 21. -CLEMATIS STANLEYI, _Harv. in Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap._, vol. i. p. 2. - -In the _Botanical Magazine_ (t. 7166) 1891, an excellent figure of this -species was given with some critical notes by Sir Joseph Hooker on the -taxonomic affinities of the species, and recently (Kew Bulletin, 1920) -Mr. J. Hutchinson dealt more fully with the group represented by our -plant. He has established Bojer’s MS. name _Clematopsis_, under which he -describes 15 species of which only _C. Stanleyi_ occurs within our -limits. The separation of _Clematopsis_ from _Clematis_ is based on the -aestivation of the sepals and for a full account of these differences -the reader is referred to Mr. Hutchinson’s article. The chief interest -in the genus is the fact that it forms a connecting link between the -tribes _Anemoneae_ and _Clematideae_, which were hitherto supposed to be -sharply demarcated. It is confined to the ancient plateau of Africa and -its continuation in Madagascar. - -_Clematopsis Stanleyi_ is a fairly common plant in parts of the -Transvaal and has been recorded from the Pretoria, Witwatersrand, -Waterberg, Middleburg Districts, and it extends into Rhodesia and -Angola. In habit it is a small shrub 18 inches to 2 feet high and when -in full bloom is a very pleasing object and well worth the attention of -horticulturists. When in fruit the beauty of the plant is not entirely -lost as the long white plumose styles stand out in sharp contrast to the -surrounding vegetation. - -The specimen figured here was collected by Miss S. Gower at Krugersdorp -in February 1922. - -DESCRIPTION:--A small shrub 45-60 cm. high. _Branches_ ribbed, villous. -_Leaves_ opposite, 7-14 cm. long, bipinnate; the ultimate leaflets about -2 cm. long, pinnately lobed; lobes linear, acute, villous; petiole -concave above, convex beneath, villous. _Peduncle_ axillary and -terminal, 3-8 cm. long, densely villous. _Sepals_ 2 cm. long, 1·5 cm. -broad, obovate, densely villous without and within. _Filaments_ 8 mm. -long, linear, pilose; anthers 4 mm. long. _Style_ 1·2 cm. long, densely -plumose. _Fruits_ densely villous terminated by the persistent plumose -style. - - -PLATE 81.--Fig. 1, stamens, front and side view; Fig. 2, a single -carpel; Fig. 3, fruits with the persistent styles. - -F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _82._ - -K. A. Lansdell del] - - - - -PLATE 82. - -MIMETES HOTTENTOTICA. - -_Cape Province._ - - -PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEEAE. - -MIMETES, _Salisb._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 171. - - - =Mimetes hottentotica=, _Phillips et Hutchinson_, sp. nov. insignis - et affinitate _M. saxatili_ Phill. foliis late ellipticis, - capitulis paucis stigmate excavato differt. - - _Rami_ tomentosi et sparse villosi. _Folia_ 4·5-7·5 cm. longa, - 2·2-3·5 cm. lata, elliptica, apice tridentata, dense pubescentia - pilis sericeis. _Capitula_ sessilia, 7·5 cm. longa, 8-12-flora, - apice ramorum conferta. _Involucri_ bracteae 3-seriatae, 1·7-2 cm. - longae, 3-6 mm. latae, lanceolato-ovatae, lineares, vel - lineari-lanceolatae, obtusae vel subacutae, villosae, ciliatae. - _Segmenta perianthii_ 3·2 cm. longa, linearia, paullo lata, - villosa; limbus 6 mm. longus, obovatus, subacuminatus, apice - obtusus, villosus. _Antherae_ 2·5 mm. longae, apice obtusae. - _Squamae hypogynae_ 3 mm. longae, lineares, apice subacutae. - _Ovarium_ 1 mm. longum, villosum; stylus 6·5 mm. longus, glaber; - stigma 4 mm. longum, obovoideum, apice obtusum, excavatum. - - SOUTH AFRICA: Caledon Division. Hottentot’s Holland Mountains near - Hangklip, _T. P. Stokoe in National Herbarium_, 1641. - - -Mr. T. P. Stokoe, to whom we are indebted for so many of the interesting -plants figured in earlier plates of this work, has again contributed two -exquisite species of _Mimetes_ which are both undescribed. -Unfortunately, it was not possible at the time to figure both plants, -but we hope to publish a figure and description of the second species in -our next volume. The genus, which is represented by nine species, falls -into two well-defined groups, (_a_) those with an ovoid stigma -(represented by _M. capitulata_, figured on Plate 58) and (_b_) those -species with a linear stigma (represented by _M. palustris_, figured on -Plate 36). Hitherto only two species of the first group were known, but -these recent acquisitions from Mr. Stokoe increases this number to four. - -The species figured in the accompanying plate was found on the -Hottentot’s Holland Mountains S.E. of Kogelberg and was growing on the -banks of a steep, fairly moist slope. When fresh, it is a most beautiful -object, certainly one of the most handsome species of the genus. The -styles are bright red, white just below the stigma, and the stigma -brownish-black. It is characterised by the regular excavations on the -surface of the stigma which appear to be receptacles for the pollen -grains. - -Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. -1641). - -DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ minutely tomentose but also sparsely -covered with long lax hairs. _Leaves_ 4·5-7·5 cm. long, 2·2-3·5 cm. -broad, elliptic, with a blunt 3-toothed callous apex, densely -adpressed-pubescent with silky hairs. _Heads_ sessile, 7·5 cm. long -including the styles, 8-12-flowered, solitary in the axils of the leaves -at the ends of the branches. _Involucral-bracts_ 3-seriate; the outer -1·7 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, lanceolate-ovate, obtuse, villous -without, long-ciliate; inner 2 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, linear or -linear-lanceolate, sub-acute, villous without, long-ciliate. -_Receptacle_ villous. _Perianth_ divided almost to the base; segments -3·2 cm. long, linear-filiform, slightly broadened at the base, villous; -limb 6 mm. long, obovate, subacuminate, obtuse, villous. _Anthers_ -sessile, 2·5 mm. long, obtuse. _Hypogynous scales_ 3 mm. long, linear -subacute. _Ovary_ about 1 mm. long, hairy at base; style 6·5 mm. long, -cylindric, glabrous; stigma 4 mm. long, obovoid, obtuse, with several -depressions on the sides. - - PLATE 82.--Fig. 1, a single head; Fig. 2, bracts; Figs. 3, 4, a - single flower; Fig. 5, perianth-segment enlarged; Fig. 6, stigma - enlarged. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _83._ - -K. A. Lansdell del] - - - - -PLATE 83. - -SENECIO MEDLEY-WOODII. - -_Natal._ - -COMPOSITAE. Tribe SENECIONIDEAE. - -SENECIO, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 446. - -=Senecio Medley-Woodii=, _Hutchinson_, sp. nov. succulenta caule crasso, -foliis carnosis dentatis lanato-pubescentibus, capitulis speciosis -flavis distincta. - -_Rami_ succulenti, purpurei, juniores lanati, demum glabri. _Folia_ -sessilia, 3·5-5 cm. longa, 1·5-3 cm. lata, obovata, breviter apiculata, -basi cuneata, superne undulato-dentata, primum lanata, demum plus -minusve glabra. _Capitula_ racemoso-corymbosa, 13-14-flora, 19 cm. -longa; pedunculi ultimi 3-6 cm. longi, lanati. _Involucri bracteae_ -1·2-1·5 cm. longae, 3-6 mm. latae, lanceolatae ad elliptico-ovatae, -obtusae, marginibus membranaceis, extra lanato-tomentosae. -_Receptaculum_ planum, 8 mm. latum, foveolatum. _Flores radii_ flavi; -limbus 1·5 cm. longus, 5 mm. latus, oblongus, 6-8-nervus, apice minute -tridentatus; ovarium glabrum. _Flores disci_ brunneo-flavi; pappus 1 cm. -longus; corollae tubus 1·2 cm. longus, glaber. _Achaenia_ glabra. - - -This is one of the shrubby species of _Senecio_ with succulent stems -found in Natal. In cultivation it makes an ornamental shrub having very -large yellow-rayed heads. The species was first collected by the late -Dr. Medley Wood at Murchison in Natal in 1884 (_Wood_ 3065), and was -brought to him from Krantzkloof in August 1915. Dr. Wood had an -illustration made for vol. vii of the “Natal Plants,” but did not draw -up a description, as specimens were sent to Kew for identification. The -present illustration was made from a specimen which flowered in the -garden of the Natal Herbarium. This species was the last which Dr. -Medley Wood worked at the day before his death. - -Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. -1604). - -DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ succulent, woolly when young, at length -becoming glabrous. _Leaves_ sessile, 3·5-5 cm. long, 1·5-3 cm. broad -above, obovate, shortly apiculate, cuneate at the base, with the -margins more or less undulate and sometimes toothed in the upper half, -woolly when young, at length becoming more or less glabrous. -_Inflorescence_ terminal, peduncled, 13-14-flowered, racemose-corymbose, -19cm. long; common peduncle 10 cm. long, woolly; ultimate peduncles -3-6cm. long, few-bracteate, woolly. _Bracts_ 1·5-2cm. long, linear, -obtuse, woolly. _Involucral-scales_ 1·2-1·5cm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, -lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, obtuse, with more or less membranous -margins, woolly-tomentose without. _Receptacle_ flat, 8mm. broad, -honeycombed. _Ray-flowers_ pale yellow. _Corolla-tube_ 6mm. long, -cylindric; limb 1·5cm. long, 5mm. broad, oblong, 6-8-nerved, minutely -3-toothed at the apex. _Pappus_ 9mm. long; setae very minutely -barbellate. _Ovary_ 4mm. long, linear in outline, glabrous; style 8mm. -long, cylindric, somewhat thickened at the base; lobes 2mm. long, linear -obtuse. _Disc-flowers_ brownish-yellow. _Pappus_ 1cm. long, very -minutely barbellate. _Corolla-tube_ 1·2cm. long, gradually widening -upwards, glabrous; lobes 1·5mm. long, ovate, obtuse. _Filaments_ -inserted at the constricted portions of the corolla-tube, 6mm. long, -linear, slightly broadened below the anthers; anthers 4mm. long, with a -short ovate appendage, blunt at the base. _Ovary_ 4·5mm. long, linear in -outline, glabrous; style 1·1cm. long, cylindric; lobes 2mm. long, flat -on the inner face, convex on the back, truncate and shortly bristly at -the apex. - - PLATE 83.--Fig. 1, ray-flower; Fig. 2, disc-flower; Fig. 3, upper - portion of style with lobes; Figs. 4, 5, involucral bracts; Fig. 6, - fruit. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _84._ - -S. Gower del] - - - - -PLATE 84. - -PROTEA COMPACTA. - -_Cape Province._ - -PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEEAE -PROTEA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169. - -=Protea compacta=, _R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc._ vol. x. 76; _Fl. Cap._ -vol. v. sect. i. p. 570. - - -We have previously figured two species of _Protea_ belonging to -different sections of the genus. On Plate 22 will be found _P. -abyssinica_ (§ _Lasiocephalae_) with a large head not contracted into a -scaly peduncle at the base, while on Plate 76 we figured _P. recondita_ -(§ _Leiocephalae_) with a smaller head and a scaly peduncle. Our present -plant belongs to quite a separate section (_Ligulatae_), which is -characterised by the inner involucral bracts being produced into a long -claw with an oblong or oblanceolate limb. _Protea compacta_ is a common -plant in some parts of the Cape Province, especially in the Caledon -Division, but is also found in parts of the Cape and Stellenbosch -Divisions, and a single specimen, collected by Zeyher, has been recorded -from the van Staden’s Mountains. In its natural habitat it is a bush 4-6 -ft. high with brilliant pink bracts partly surrounded by the uppermost -leaves, and in many localities the flowering bush is one of the features -of the landscape. Like many other species of _Protea_ in the Cape -Province, this species is visited by a large coleopterous beetle. - -Our plant was collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at Hawston in -the Caledon Division, where it is found growing on white sandy soil. The -species has been established in cultivation at the National Botanic -Gardens, Kirstenbosch, and is doing remarkably well there. Specimens are -preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (No. 2577). - -DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ finely tomentellous, at length glabrous. -_Leaves_ 3¼-4½ in. long, ¾-1½ in. broad, strongly imbricate, ovate to -ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, obtuse with a callous point, -sub-cordate or rounded or slightly narrowed at the base, coriaceous, -prominently veined, glabrous, with the margins shortly villous or at -length glabrous. _Head_ sessile, 4 in. long, about 2½ in. in diameter. -_Involucral-bracts_ 8-seriate; outer ovate, obtuse, villous-pubescent or -more or less glabrescent, with a dense fringe of woolly hairs; inner -more or less flesh-colour to carmine with an oblong limb and a linear -claw, finely villous-tomentose, tips densely ciliate, exceeding the -flowers. _Perianth-sheath_ 2 in. long, dilated, 5-nerved and 3-keeled -below, finely tomentose, glabrous at the base; lip over 1 in. long, -3-awned, lateral awns 3-4½ in. long, filiform, flexuous, tawny to -purplish-tomentose; median awn 1 in. long, filiform. _Fertile stamens_ -3, sub-sessile; filaments ¾ in. long, flattened; anthers linear, 4½ in. -long; apical gland almost 1 in. long, lanceolate-oblong; barren stamen -4½ in. long, linear, eglandular. _Ovary_ 1 in. long, oblong, densely -covered with long light-golden hairs; style 2 in. long, finely grooved -on the convex side, glabrous; stigma 2½ in. long, linear, obtuse, -strongly keeled and bent at the junction with the style. - - PLATE 84.--Fig. 1, longitudinal section of receptacle; Fig. 2, - surface view of portion of receptacle; Fig. 3, an outermost bract; - Fig. 4, inner bract; Fig. 5, a single flower; Fig. 6, ovary and - base of style; Fig. 7, stigma and upper part of style. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _85._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 85. - -GERBERA PLANTAGINEA. - -_Transvaal._ - -COMPOSITAE. Tribe MUTISIEAE. -GERBERA, _Gronov._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 497. - -=Gerbera plantaginea=, _Harv. in Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 522. - - -In an earlier part, on Plate 64, we figured a Transvaal plant, _Gazania -pygmaea_, and stated it to be one of the first species to flower on -burnt veld. The plant illustrated here is usually contemporary with the -above, and before any of the other veld plants show signs of growth -numerous inflorescences of _Gerbera plantaginea_ may be seen pushing -through the hard surface of the soil. The underground rootstock is well -adapted to withstand the long, dry winter months, and can store up -sufficient moisture to commence growth before the first summer rains -begin. The plant is usually found growing in small colonies, and the -colour of the ray-florets varies from pure white to yellow and through -various shades of pink to red. Like _Gazania pygmaea_, this species was -found by Burke and Zeyher on the Magaliesberg about the year 1841, and -Harvey, in the “Flora Capensis,” based his description on their -specimen. We are indebted to Mr. D. Fouche for the specimens which were -collected near Meintjes Kopje, Pretoria. They are preserved in the -National Herbarium, Pretoria (Herb. No. 2580). - -DESCRIPTION:--An acaulescent plant with an underground rhizome with a -woolly crown and thick cylindric roots. _Leaves_ 4·5-13cm. long, -0·8-2·2cm. broad, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subacute, narrowed -into a petiole at the base, with the midrib and lateral veins distinct -beneath, and with entire or sub-denticulate margins, pilose above and -beneath. _Peduncle_ 11-27cm. long, naked, densely tomentose, at length -becoming sparsely tomentose. _Heads_ solitary, 3-4cm. in diameter. -_Involucral-bracts_ in 3 rows, all tomentose; the outer 7 mm. long, 1·5 -mm. broad at the base, tapering to an acute point; the inner 1 cm. long, -2 mm. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, acute. _Receptacle_ slightly convex, -honeycombed. _Ray-flowers_ in two rows; the outer with a strap-shaped -limb 1 cm. long, 2·5 mm. broad, about 6-nerved, minutely 2-3-toothed at -the apex and with the lower lip represented by 4 linear appendages 1·5-2 -mm. long, the two outer narrower than the two inner. _Pappus_ 6 mm. -long, longer than the tube. _Ovary_ 3 mm. long, oblong, pilose; style 8 -mm. long, cylindric; lobes 0·5 mm. long, glandular (lobes sometimes -three); inner ray-flowers similar to the outer but limb 4·5 mm. long, -0·75 mm. broad. _Disc-flowers_ hermaphrodite. _Corolla-tube_ 4·5 mm. -long, cylindric; lobes 3 mm. long, 0·5 mm. broad, linear, obtuse. -_Anthers_ 5 mm. long, linear, obtuse, long-tailed at the base. _Pappus_ -6 mm. long. _Ovary_ 3 mm. long, terete, almost glabrous; style 6 mm. -long, cylindric; lobes 0·5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse. - - PLATE 85.--Fig. 1, longitudinal section through head showing the - convex receptacle; Fig. 2, a ray-floret; Fig. 3, a disc-floret; - Fig. 4, upper portion of corolla of disc-floret; Fig. 5, apices of - lips of disc-floret; Fig. 6, stamens; Fig. 7, upper portion of - style of disc-floret showing the two lobes. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _86._] - - - - -PLATE 86. - -ALOE VARIEGATA. - -_Cape Province._ - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. -ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - -=Aloe variegata=, _Linn. Sp. Pl._ vol. i. p. 321; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 328. - - -The _Aloe_ here represented differs from any we have previously -illustrated by having the leaves arranged in three ranks which may -become spirally twisted. In the “Flora Capensis” this character is used -to distinguish a sub-genus “Gonialoe” which contains only the species -_A. variegata_. The species is one of the oldest and most common aloes -in cultivation. A coloured illustration appeared in the _Botanical -Magazine_ (t. 513) in 1801, and it is recorded that a Mr. Fairchild had -the species growing in England in 1720. For some reason the plant is not -well represented in European herbaria, as even in 1897, when the genus -was published in the “Flora Capensis,” the precise localities in which -the species occurs in South Africa remained doubtful. The traveller and -botanist, Carl Thunberg, collected the plant about 1772, and according -to Mr. N. E. Brown it is represented in the Thunberg herbarium by “two -leaves with the variegation on them well preserved, and a single -flower.” - -The species is easy of cultivation and is propagated by means of suckers -which send up small plants. From the plant in cultivation at Pretoria, -four offshoots have developed in one season. - -We are enabled to figure this plant through the courtesy of Mrs. E. -Rood, of Van Rhynsdorp, who forwarded us the living plant, which -flowered at Pretoria in July 1922. Specimens are preserved in the -National Herbarium, Pretoria (No. 2575). - -DESCRIPTION:--An acaulescent plant. _Leaves_ in three rows sometimes -slightly spirally twisted, with irregular greenish-white bands on a -dark green background; the lower leaves 8-10 cm. long, about 3·5 cm. -broad, ovate, mucronate, almost flat above, keeled beneath, rough with -small tubercles on the keel and margins; the inner leaves 14-23 cm. -long, ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, concave on the inner face, keeled -beneath, rough with small tubercles on the keel and margins. -_Inflorescence_ from the axil of one of the lower leaves; peduncle 40 -cm. long, 9 mm. in diameter, terete, with about 8 barren bracts below -the flowers which occupy the uppermost 11 cm. of the peduncle. _Flowers_ -at first erect, then horizontal, then pendulous when mature. _Bracts_ -1·2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, long-acuminate, acute, longer than the -pedicels, white, with a greenish-brown keel. _Pedicels_ 5 mm. long, -terete, glabrous. _Perianth-tube_ 4 cm. long, 9 mm. in diameter, -tubular, slightly ventricose and oblique at the base; lobes 9 mm. long, -5 mm. broad, obovate. _Stamens_ attached to the base of the perianth; -filaments 4·5 cm. long, terete; anthers 2·5 mm. long, oblong. _Ovary_ 6 -mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid; style 4 cm. long, terete; stigma -minutely 3-lobed. - - PLATE 86.--Fig. 1, bract; Fig. 2, bud; Fig. 3, mature flower; Fig. - 4, upper part of perianth laid open; Fig. 5, stamen; Fig. 6, - pistil; Fig. 7, cross-section of leaf. N.B.--In the coloured - drawing the leaves are half natural size, but the inflorescence is - natural size. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _87._ - -S Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 87. - -CERATOTHECA TRILOBA. - -_Bechuanaland_, _Cape Province_, _Natal_, _Transvaal_. - -PEDALLACEAE. Tribe SESAMEAE. -CERATOTHECA, _Endl._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 1059. - -=Ceratotheca triloba=, _E. Mey. ex Bernh. in Linnaea_, vol. xvi. 29; -_Fl. Cap._ vol. iv. sect. ii. p. 462. - - -The genus _Ceratotheca_, of which there are five species known, is -confined to Africa, but the species figured in the accompanying plate is -the only one recorded in South Africa. The genus is closely related to -_Sesamum_, only differing by the capsule having two divergent horns or -spines at the apex instead of being acute or beaked as in the latter -genus. The species was first described in 1842 under the name -_Sporledera triloba_, but, as pointed out in the _Botanical Magazine_ -under Tab. 6974, there is no justification for establishing a genus to -include this species separate from _Ceratotheca_. The oldest record from -South Africa appears to be specimens collected by Drège between the -Umtata and St. John’s River, but since then it has been found by -numerous collectors. When fresh, the leaves have a very objectionable -odour. The plant is very common during January on the hills at -Wonderboom, near Pretoria. Our specimen was collected by Dr. R. Reitz. -Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (No. 1605). - -DESCRIPTION:--An herbaceous plant with erect stems, sometimes 6 ft. -high, simple or branched. _Stems_ obtusely 4-angled, glandular-pilose. -_Leaves_ opposite, sometimes alternate, petiolate; petioles 0·5-5 cm. -long, grooved above, convex beneath, glandular-pilose; lamina 2-6·5 cm. -long, ovate, more or less 3-lobed with the lobes crenate (the uppermost -leaves not lobed), cordate at the base, palmately veined, with the veins -prominent beneath, depressed above, glandular-pubescent. _Flowers_ -solitary, axillary, with often two abortive flowers in the same -leaf-axil. _Pedicels_ 5 mm. long, terete, glandular-pilose. _Calyx_ -divided almost to the base; the lobes erect, 0·8-1 cm. long, lanceolate, -acuminate, sub-obtuse, glandular-pilose; the anterior lobe the smallest. -_Corolla-tube_ 3·5 cm. long, ventricose at the base, then slightly -constricted and widening into a broad campanulate portion 1·4 cm. -diameter, glandular-pilose; lobes 0·8 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, -transversely oblong, rounded above; the posterior lobe longer. _Stamens_ -of two different lengths, inserted above the ventricose portion of the -corolla-tube; filaments 0·9-1·3 cm. long, glabrous; anthers 5 mm. long, -linear. _Ovary_ 6 mm. long, oblong in outline, densely villous, with 2 -divergent horns at the apex; style 1·8 cm. long, terete, glabrous; -stigmas recurved, papillose. _Fruit_ 2 cm. long, oblong, with 2 -divergent horns, glandular-pilose. - - PLATE 87.--Fig. 1, portion of flowering branch; Fig. 2, corolla - laid open; Fig. 3, pistil; Fig. 4, cross-section of ovary; Fig. 5, - stigmas; Fig. 6, stamens and anther; Fig. 7, fruits; Fig. 8, fruit - dehisced; Fig. 9, leaf; Figs. 10, 11, abortive flowers. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _88._ - -S Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 88. - -DICOMA ZEYHERI. - -_Transvaal. Zululand._ - -COMPOSITAE. Tribe MUTISIEAE. -DICOMA, _Cass._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 492. - -=Dicoma Zeyheri=, _Cass. in Linn._ vol. xxiii. p. 71; _Fl. Cap._ vol. -iii. p. 518. - - -The genus _Dicoma_ comprises a small group of half-woody shrubs with -acuminate usually pungent involucral-bracts. About twenty-five species -are known, most of which are found in Tropical and South Africa, one -extending into Western India. There is also a peculiar species, _D. -cana_, in the island of Socotra. The tribe _Mutisieae_, to which -_Dicoma_ belongs, is but sparingly represented in Africa and has its -head-quarters in South America. - -Our present plant is common in parts of the Transvaal Highveld, and is -found in flower from January to March. It has also been collected at -Barberton by Mr. E. E. Galpin. Like so many of the shrubby plants -occurring in the grass-veld, it has deep underground roots from which -the stems arise, but, unlike the majority of them, is one of the last to -flower. - -The specimen from which this plate was prepared was collected by Miss S. -Gower near the Botanical Laboratories, Pretoria. Specimens are preserved -in the National Herbarium, Pretoria (No. 2581). - -DESCRIPTION:--A somewhat woody undershrub about 30 cm. high with deep -underground roots. _Stems_ striate, cobwebby. _Leaves_ 5·5-7 cm. long, -1-1·7 cm. broad, lanceolate, acute, or obtuse, sometimes subacuminate, -slightly broadened and half-clasping at the base, usually entire, more -rarely minutely and remotely toothed, glabrous above, cobwebby beneath. -_Capitulum_ shortly peduncled, about 5 cm. in diameter when expanded. -_Involucral-bracts_ in about 8 rows, the outermost strongly reflexed, -the rest erect spreading, 1·5-2·5 cm. long, 4-9 mm. broad, ovate, -acuminate, pungent, with membranous margins (except the outermost); the -innermost bracts erect, closely enveloping the flowers, almost wholly -membranous. _Involucre_ 1·5 cm. in diameter, slightly convex, deeply -honeycombed. _Flowers_ all hermaphrodite. _Corolla-tube_ 6 mm. long, -cylindric for 5 mm. then suddenly campanulate, glabrous; lobes 4·5 mm. -long, linear, gradually tapering upwards, obtuse, recurved in open -flowers. _Stamens_ inserted at the widened portion of the corolla-tube; -filaments 1·5 mm. long, linear; anthers 7·5 mm. long, linear, -lanceolate, acute at the apex, long-tailed at the base; tails hairy with -ascending hairs. _Ovary_ densely villous; style 1·5 cm. long, cylindric, -glabrous; lobes 0·5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse, convex and hairy on outer -side. _Pappus_ 9 mm. long, dense and completely hiding the corolla-tube; -setae long, plumose. - - PLATE 88.--Fig. 1, longitudinal section of head; Fig. 2, surface - view of part of receptacle; Fig. 3, involucral-bract; Fig. 4, an - inner involucral-bract; Fig. 5, disc-floret before style appears; - Fig. 6, disc-floret with style through the stamens; Fig. 7, - disc-floret with pappus removed; Fig. 8, stamen; Fig. 9, apex of - style; Fig. 10, a single pappus bristle; Fig. 11, portion of a leaf - showing the minute teeth on the margin. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _89._ - -K A Lansdell del] - - - - -PLATE 89. - -HYOBANCHE FULLERI. - -_Natal._ - -SCROPHULARIACEAE. Tribe GERARDIEAE. -HYOBANCHE, _Thunb._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 968. - - =Hyobanche Fulleri=, _Phillips_, sp. nov. _Stipes_ succulentus. - _Folia_ 1·4 cm. longa, superne 6 mm. lata, spathulata, apice - obtusa, externe glanduloso-villosa. _Inflorescentia_ ad 13 cm. - longa, 3 cm. lata. _Bracteae_ 2·5 cm. longae, superne 6 mm. latae, - spathulatae, externe glanduloso-pilosae, 3-nervosae; bracteolae 2, - 2·5 cm. longae, 2 mm. latae, lineares, apice subacutae. - _Pedicellus_ 3 mm. longus, 3 mm. latus, carnosus. _Calyx_ - inaequalis; segmentum infimum 3 mm. longum, lineare; cetera 2·5 cm. - longa, pilosa. _Corolla_ leviter curvata, 3·5 cm. longa, 7 mm. - lata, superne viscido-pilosa. _Filimenta_ 2·4 cm. longa. _Ovarium_ - 4 mm. longum, globosum, glabrum; stylus 2·7 cm. longus, superne - curvatus; stigma clavatum. - - -This new _Hyobanche_ is the only recorded species for Natal. Bews -(“Flora of Natal and Zululand”) records _H. sanguinea_ from Umzumbi, but -we suspect it is the species here described. It was first collected by -the late Dr. J. Medley Wood (Herb. Natal 11002) at Karridene Beach, and -recently Mr. Claude Fuller of Pretoria forwarded living specimens from -the same locality. Mr. Fuller was unable to determine the host on which -the parasite grew. It differs from _H. sanguinea_, as from all the other -known South African species, in having the lowest calyx segment very -much shorter than the others. The genus _Hyobanche_ is very closely -related to _Harveya_, a species (_Harveya squamosa_) of which is figured -on Plate 67. Species of the two genera can easily be distinguished by an -examination of the stamens. In _Hyobanche_ the anthers are one-celled, -while in _Harveya_ the anthers are two-celled but only one cell contains -pollen. Specimens are preserved in the National Herbarium, Pretoria -(Herb. No. 1643). - -DESCRIPTION:--A parasitic herb. _Stem_ fleshy. _Leaves_ adpressed, 1·4 -cm. long, 6 mm. broad above, spathulate, obtuse, glandular-villous -without. _Inflorescence_ up to 13 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter; axis -fleshy. _Bracts_ 2·5 cm. long, 0·6 cm. broad above, spathulate, densely -glandular-pilose without, 3-nerved above; bracteoles 2, 2·5 cm. long, 2 -mm. broad, linear, subacute, narrowing at the base. _Pedicels_ 3 mm. -long, 3 mm. in diameter, fleshy. _Calyx_ unequal; the anterior segment 3 -mm. long, linear; the lateral and posterior segments 2·5 cm. long, -pilose without. _Corolla_ slightly curved, 3·5 cm. long, 7 mm. in -diameter, viscously pilose without in the upper half; mouth a -longitudinal slit, about 1 cm. long, more or less opening out upwards by -a recurving of the margins which indicates the presence of a hooded -faintly two-lobed upper lip and a very obscure lower lip split to the -base. _Filaments_ 2·4 cm. long, attached near base of corolla-tube. -_Ovary_ 4 mm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, globose, glabrous; style 2·7 cm. -long, terete, gradually thickening and sharply curved above, glabrous; -stigma clavate. - - PLATE 89.--Fig. 1, young inflorescence; Fig. 2, longitudinal - section of inflorescence; Fig. 3, underground stem with young - inflorescence; Fig. 4, flower, with bract and two bracteoles; Fig. - 5, bract, front and side view; Fig. 6, calyx; Fig. 7, bracteole; - Fig. 8, corolla; Fig. 9, gynæcium; Fig. 10, leaf; Fig. 11, upper - portion of corolla, side view; Fig. 12, upper portion of corolla, - front view. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration _90._ - -S Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 90. - -ROMULEA AUSTINII. - -_Cape Province._ - -IRIDACEAE. Tribe SISYRINCHIEAE. - -ROMULEA, _Maratti_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 695. - - =Romulea Austinii=, _Phillips_, sp. nov.; affinis _R. hirsutae_, - Eck., sed floribus aurantiacis, bractea interior marginibus latis - membranaceis differt. - - _Cormi_ 1·5 cm. longi, 1·2 cm. diametro, tunicis brunneis obtecti. - _Folia_ 3 vel 4, lineari-filiformia, acuta, 4-10 cm. longa, 0·75 - mm. lata, profunde sulcata, basi vaginata. _Flores_ 2-3-nati; - pedicelli 1·2 cm. longi, subteretes, glabri, demum spiraliter - curvati. _Valva_ exterior elliptico-oblonga, herbacea, apice - dentata, 9 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, 9-nervia, marginibus angustis - membranaceis, interior subaequalis, apice bifida, 5-6-nervia, - marginibus latissime membranaceis. _Perianthii tubus_ campanulatus, - 5-6 mm. longus, lobis 1·5 cm. longis 0·7 cm. latis obovatis obtusis - interioribus aurantiacis exterioribus purpureo notatis. _Filamenta_ - 9 mm. longa, basi explanata et pilosa, medio dorso pilosa; antherae - 4 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, ellipsoideae, primum leviter connatae. - _Ovarium_ subglobosum; stylus 1 cm. longus, teres, glaber, ramis - 3·5 mm. longis bifidis. - - SOUTH AFRICA: Matjesfontein, _A. J. Austin_. - - -We are indebted to Mr. A. J. Austin for this charming little species of -_Romulea_, which is apparently undescribed. It was gathered at -Matjesfontein. The same species was collected a few years ago by -Schlechter (No. 8847) at Matjes River at an altitude of 2500 feet, and -distributed by him as _Romulea hirsuta_, Eckl., var. _aurantiaca_. -Although resembling _R. hirsuta_ in general appearance, it is easily -distinguished by the colour of the flowers and especially by the very -broadly membranous margins of the inner spathe valve. The flowers close -up at night. - -Our knowledge of the genus _Romulea_ in South Africa is still very -meagre, and much field-work is necessary in order to understand the -range and variability of the species. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Corms_ 1·5 cm. long, 1·2 cm. in diameter with brown -tunics. _Leaves_ 3-4 to a corm, 4-10 cm. long, 0·75 mm. broad, with five -deep and narrow grooves, acute, somewhat sheathing at the base and -forming a distinct neck, minutely ciliate. _Flowers_ 2-3 to a spathe. -_Pedicels_ 1·2 cm. long, subterete, glabrous, becoming spirally coiled -in old flowers. _Outer spathe valve_ 9 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, -elliptic-oblong, toothed at the apex, 9-nerved, with membranous margins; -inner spathe valve about same size as outer, deeply bifid at the apex, -5-6-nerved with very broad membranous margins. _Perianth-tube_ 5-6 mm. -long, campanulate; lobes 1·5 cm. long, 0·7 cm. broad, obovate, obtuse, -reflexed in the open flower, yellow in colour with a spade-like purple -mark on the three outer and smaller purple marks on the three inner. -_Filaments_ 9 mm. long, convex on the back, grooved on the front face, -broadened and pilose at the base, pilose on back about the middle; -anthers 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, elliptic, in flowers which have just -opened the anthers are somewhat joined and the stigmas appear between -the anthers. Ovary subglobose; style 1 cm. long, terete, glabrous; lobes -3·5 mm. long, each subdivided into 2 lobes 2 mm. long. - - PLATE 90.--Fig. 1, leaf; Fig. 1_a_, section of leaf; Fig. 2, spathe - valve; Fig. 3, perianth from outside; Fig. 4, same from above; Fig. - 5, section of flower; Fig. 6, stamen; Fig. 7, base of filament; - Fig. 8, anther (front); Fig. 9, anther (back); Fig. 10, style; Fig. - 11, inner valve. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _91._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 91. - -LACHENALIA ROODEAE. - -_Cape Province._ - -LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. - -LACHENALIA, _Jacq._; _Benth. et Hook. f._ vol. iii. p. 807. - - =Lachenalia Roodeae=, _Phillips_, sp. nov. - - _Bulbus_ 2·5 cm. longus, 1·8 cm. latus. _Folia_ 2, 7-14 cm. longa, - basi 2-4 cm. lata, ovato-lanceolata, apice obtusa, aliquando - mucronata, glabra. _Pedunculus_ 2-3·5 cm. longus, c. 7 cm. latus. - _Inflorescentia_ spicata, 9-14 cm. longa. _Bracteae_ c. 1 mm. - longae, ovatae, apice obtusae. _Pedicellus_ c. 1 mm. longus. _Flos_ - 1-1·2 cm. longus, campanulatus, basi obliquus; lobi exteriores 8 - mm. longi, 4·75 mm. lati, oblongo-ovati, apice obtusi; lobi - interiores 1 cm. longi, 4·5 mm. lati, oblongo-obovati, apice - rotundi. _Stamina_ exserta; filamenta 1·2 cm. longa; antherae 1·5 - mm. longae, oblongae. _Ovarium_ 3·5 mm. longum, 2·5 mm. latum, - trigonum; stylus 1·1 cm. longus, teres; stigma minute 3-lobatum. - - Van Rhynsdorp District: Van Rhynsdorp, _Mrs. E. Rood_ in _National - Herbarium Pretoria_, 1461. - - -This extremely fine species of _Lachenalia_ was sent to the Division of -Botany by Mrs. E. Rood of Van Rhynsdorp, who states that the plant is -quite common there. It belongs to an endemic South African genus of -about fifty species, and surpasses any other species known to us in the -rich colouring of the flowers. It flowers during August and September, -and should make a welcome addition to the bulb garden as one of the -earlier flowering species. There has been some doubt about the identity -of this plant, and we were inclined to regard it as _L. carnosa_, Baker, -which was collected by Drège in Little Namaqualand. Mr. N. E. Brown, of -Kew, very kindly examined the plate, and is of the opinion that it is -not this species, and that nothing like it is in the Kew Herbarium. It, -however, is very near _L. carnosa_, Baker, but may be distinguished from -this species in the inner perianth segments being longer than the outer -and in the far exserted stamens. This latter character is not constant, -as we find after examining a large series of specimens that the length -to which the stamens are exserted from the perianth depends on the age -of the flower. The stamens are in more or less two unilateral rows, the -lower three ripening before the upper three. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ 2·5 cm. long, 1·8 cm. in diameter, ovoid, covered -with black membranous tunics with many fibrous roots from the base. -_Leaves_ 2, erect-spreading, 7-14 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad in the widest -part; the outer leaf always larger than the inner leaf, -ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes mucronate, narrowed and clasping at -the base, with reddish margins, glabrous. _Peduncle_ 2-3·5 cm. long, -about 7 mm. in diameter, partially hidden by the clasping leaf bases. -_Inflorescence_ a dense many-flowered spike, 9-14 cm. long; axis fleshy, -up to 8 cm. in diameter at the base, narrowing upwards, with a number of -facets, each facet bearing a flower at the base. _Bracts_ about 1 mm. -long, ovate, obtuse, forming a small pocket from which the flower -arises. _Flowers_ subsessile; pedicels about 1 mm. long. _Perianth_ -purplish, 1-1·2 cm. long, campanulate, oblique at the base; tube about 3 -mm. long, about 5 mm. in diameter above; lobes of outer segments 8 mm. -long, 4·75 mm. broad, oblong-ovate, obtuse, rostrate on the outer -surface just beneath the apex; lobes of the inner segments 1 cm. long, -4·5 mm. broad above, oblong-obovate, rounded above. _Stamens_ exserted, -attached to base of the perianth segments; filaments 1·2 cm. long, -terete; anthers 1·5 mm. long, oblong. _Ovary_ 3·5 mm. long, 2·5 mm. in -diameter, oblong in outline, trigonous; style 1·1 cm. long, terete, -stigma very faintly 3-lobed. - - PLATE 91.--Fig. 1, base of leaves; Fig. 2, axis of inflorescence - showing the small cups in which the flowers are situated; Fig. 3, a - single flower; Fig. 4, perianth laid open; Fig. 5, apices of outer - perianth segments; Fig. 6, apex of an inner perianth segment. Fig. - 7, stamens; Fig. 8, pistil. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _92._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 92. - -BRUNIA STOKOEI. - -_Cape Province._ - -BRUNIACEAE. - -BRUNIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 671. - -=Brunia Stokoei=, _Phillips_ in _Kew Bulletin_, 1923, _ined._ - - -This is the first occasion upon which we have had an opportunity of -figuring a member of the Natural Order _Bruniaceae_, which is one of the -endemic South African families. The _Bruniaceae_ comprise about fifty -species, all confined to the south-western portion of the Cape Province. -The genera _Brunia_ and _Berzelia_ often form a conspicuous feature in -the landscape in some areas, the spherical heads of white flowers making -the bushes noticeable amongst the surrounding vegetation. - -The species figured here was collected in 1922 by Mr. T. P. Stokoe on -the Hottentot Hollands Mountains near Hang Klip, and forwarded by him to -the Division of Botany, Pretoria. Near the same locality Mr. Stokoe -discovered another species of _Brunia_, which is undescribed. We do not -know of either of these species having been previously collected, and -the fact that undescribed and rare plants have recently been found on -such a well-known mountain range as the Hottentot Hollands, proves that -there must be a large area, within easy reach of Cape Town, which has -not yet been thoroughly botanically explored. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ glabrous. _Leaves_ spreading 7-8 mm. long, 1 -mm. broad, trigonous, almost flat above with a raised mid-rib, keeled -beneath, obtuse, tipped with a small black globose mucro, the angles of -the leaves when viewed by transmitted light are pellucid, glabrous. -_Inflorescence_ a stalked globose head arranged in groups up the -branches. _Peduncles_ 2-3 cm. long, 5-7 mm. in diameter, surrounded by -adpressed imbricated bracts 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse, -keeled below, glabrous. _Axis_ of inflorescence 1·2-1·5 cm. long, 7-9 -mm. in diameter, more or less ovate in longitudinal section. -_Floral-bracts_ 7 mm. long, obovate-spathulate, subacuminate, tipped -with a black mucro, bent almost at right angles above, densely villous -on back in the middle third. _Calyx_ of 4 sepals, 4·5 mm. long; 3 sepals -narrow-linear, the fourth oblanceolate, all densely villous without. -_Petals_ 5·5 mm. long, ·75 mm. broad, linear, with one large middle lobe -and two small or almost obsolete side lobes. _Filaments_ 5 mm. long, -terete; anthers 1·25 mm. long, linear. _Ovary_ 2 mm. long, 1 mm. in -diameter, ellipsoid, densely villous above, 2-celled, with a pendulous -ovule in each cell; styles two, 4 mm. long, terete, free from the base; -stigma simple (in some flowers examined there was only a single style). -_Immature fruit_ 3·5 mm. long, 1·5 mm. in diameter, ellipsoid (National -Herb. Pretoria 1668). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 92.--Fig. 1, longitudinal section through head showing axis - of the inflorescence; Fig. 2, floral bract; Fig. 3, a single - flower; Fig. 4, a stamen; Fig. 5, longitudinal section of ovary - showing the two cells and pendulous ovules. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 93. - -K. A. Lansdell del.] - - - - -PLATE 93. - -HOODIA BAINII. - -_Cape Province._ - - * * * * * - -ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe STAPELIEAE. - -HOODIA, _Sweet._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 783. - - * * * * * - -=Hoodia Bainii=, _Dyer in Bot. Mag._ t. 6348; _Fl. Cap_. vol. iv. sect. i. -p. 897. - - * * * * * - -This plant, although previously figured in botanical publications, has -been thought worthy of another illustration, especially as the former -figures are not generally available to cultivators of South African -succulents. - -The first species of this interesting genus was brought to the notice of -botanists in 1874 by Sir Henry Barkly, who sent specimens to Kew, where -it flowered the following year. Since then other species have come to -light, and we now know of seven species of the genus occurring in the -desert regions of the Cape Province and Namaqualand. - -The specimen figured was collected by Mrs. D. van der Bijl, -Kruidfontein, Fraserburg District, in 1921, and sent to the Division of -Botany, where it flowered in September 1922. The plant sends up numerous -stems 9-12 inches high, and on these flowers profusely. The flowers are -martius yellow (Ridgway Colour Standards) in colour, with a dark corona -standing out in sharp relief in the middle of the saucer-shaped corolla. -Like many other members of this group of plants, the flowers have a -disagreeable odour. - -DESCRIPTION:--Plant 6-8 in. high in the specimens seen (12-15 in. -according to Barkly), bushily branched; branches 1-1½ in. thick, with -12-15 tuberculate angles, glabrous, green, somewhat glaucous; tubercles -tipped with a slender pale brown spine 3½-5 in. long; flowers 1-2 -together, glabrous in all parts; pedicels ¼-½ in. long; sepals 2-2½ in. -long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; corolla in bud hemispheric at the -basal part, 5-winged above, truncate, with a short central point, when -expanded 2½-3 in. in diameter, cup-shaped, about 1 in. deep, subtruncate -at the margin with 5 subulate or awn-like points 1½-3 in. long, -glabrous, smooth, not papillate on the central part, light yellow or -pale buff, sometimes tinged with pinkish or very pale purple; tube -obsolete, represented by a slight depression from which the blackish -corona is exserted or its margins resting upon the rim, when dried -contained in a very small cup; outer corona 1¾-2 in. in diameter, -cupular, 5-lobed; lobes ¼-⅓ in. long, nearly 1 in. broad, emarginate; -inner corona-lobes ⅖ in. long, oblong, obtuse, closely incumbent upon -the backs of the anthers and not exceeding them, dorsally connected to -the inflexed sinuses of the outer corona; follicles 4-5 in. long, 4-5 -in. thick, terete-fusiform, tapering to a beak, glabrous, smooth; seeds -3-3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, ovate, flat, with a slightly thickened -margin, glabrous, smooth, light brown. _Flora Capensis_ (National Herb. -Pretoria 2592). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 93.--Fig. 1, bud; Fig. 2, transverse section of stem; Fig. 3, - corona; Fig. 4, pollinia. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 94. - -M. Page del.] - - - - -PLATE 94. - -TRITONIA MATHEWSIANA. - -_Transvaal._ - -IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. -TRITONIA, _Ker._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 708. - -=Tritonia Mathewsiana=, _L. Bolus in Annals Bolus Herb_. vol. iii. p. 76. - - -This species, which belongs to one of the large South African genera of -the iris family, differs from all genera of _Iridaceae_ hitherto figured -in this publication in having small brown spathe valves. The genus is -represented in South Africa by over thirty species, mostly confined to -the coastal region of the Cape Province, but with a few in Namaqualand, -Natal, and the Transvaal. _Tritonia lineata_ is the most widely -distributed species of the genus, occurring in the Mossel Bay, Bathurst, -Albany, Stockenstroom, and Somerset East Divisions, and extending into -East Griqualand, Basutoland, and Natal. - -The species here figured is a new record for the Transvaal, and was -found by Mrs. H. M. Wood at Graskop, Pilgrim’s Rest. Plants were sent to -the National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, and flowered there during -February of the years 1918-1921 (National Botanic Gardens, No. 542/16). -An illustration was made from these specimens and kindly lent to us by -the Curator of the Bolus Herbarium for reproduction. - -DESCRIPTION:--An erect glabrous plant 1·5 mm. or more high. _Leaves_ -ascending or almost erect, 35 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, ensiform, with -about 13 primary nerves; radical leaves about 4; cauline leaves about -10. _Peduncle_ up to 15 cm. long clasped by the uppermost leaf which is -reduced to 6 cm. long. _Inflorescence_ racemose with the branches -divaricate and the flowering axis flexuose, moderately dense with the -flowers secund, at length perpendicular to the axis. _Bracts_ 3-5 mm. -long, oblong, acute, the younger herbaceous; bracteoles almost joined -to their apices, acute, equalling the bracts. _Perianth_ 3-3·5 cm. long; -tube 1·8 cm. long, 1·5 mm. in diameter at the base, 5 mm. in diameter -above, infundibuliform; segments at length spreading, ovate-oblong, -obtuse; the outer 1·3 cm. long, 5 mm. broad; the inner 1·5 cm. long, 6 -mm. broad; the uppermost 1·7 cm. long, 7 mm. broad. _Stamens_ more or -less curved; filaments 1·3 cm. long; anthers 5-7 mm. long. _Style_ 2·3 -cm. long; branches 5 mm. long. _Capsule_ 8 mm. long, subglobose, -obtusely 3-angled. _Seeds_ many, 4 mm. long, subtriangular. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 94.--Fig. 1, whole plant (reduced); Fig. 2, flower laid open; - Fig. 3, fruit; Fig. 4, seed × 2. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 95. - -K. A. Lansdell del.] - - - - -PLATE 95. - -LEUCOSPERMUM CORDATUM. - -_Cape Province._ - - -PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEEAE. - -LEUCOSPERMUM, _R. Br._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 170. - - -=Leucospermum cordatum=, _Phillips_ in _Kew Bulletin_, 1923, _ined._ - -Although the South African _Proteaceae_ are usually conspicuous plants -and have been recently monographed in the _Flora Capensis_, undescribed -species continue to be discovered. This is the case with the plant here -figured, which was collected in November 1922 by Mr. T. P. Stokoe near -Kogel Bai, on the Hottentots Holland Mountains at an altitude of 2500 -ft. - -Mr. Stokoe describes it as a plant of straggling growth among loose -stones and grass. We have previously figured a species of this genus -(Plate 74), and readers are referred to the description there for the -principal differences between the genera _Protea_ and _Leucospermum_. - -The decumbent habit of this species is also found in _Leucospermum -hypophyllum_, but is not common in the family. - -Our plate was prepared from fresh plants forwarded by Mr. Stokoe. - -DESCRIPTION:--A decumbent plant with long trailing branches. _Branches_ -scantily pilose with long hairs. _Leaves_ more or less horizontal or -slightly reflexed, 3-5 cm. long, 1·8-2·2 cm. broad at the base, ovate, -obtuse with a blunt callus, cordate at the base, pilose and shortly -tomentose especially near the base, at length becoming glabrous. _Heads_ -solitary, very rarely 3-nate at the ends of the branches, 3-4 cm. in -diameter, semiglobose. _Peduncle_ 2 cm. long, covered with numerous -barren bracts, tomentose. _Bracts_ 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, at the base, -ovate, obtuse, sometimes reflexed, pilose outside, glabrous within, -ciliate. _Receptacle_ 7 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter at the base, -conical. _Floral-bracts_ 1 cm. long, obovate, shortly awned, attenuate -at the base, densely villous outside, glabrous within, ciliate. -_Perianth-tube_ 5 mm. long, tubular; lobes 9 mm. long, linear, long -pilose; limb 3 mm. long, elliptic, subacuminate, sub-obtuse, pilose -without. _Anthers_ 2 mm. long, linear. _Ovary_ 2·5 mm. long, ellipsoid, -glabrous; style 1·7 cm. long, terete, glabrous; stigma 1·7 mm. long, -conical, shortly subacuminate, swollen at the junction with the style -(National Herb. Pretoria 2607). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 95.--Fig. 1, flower; Fig. 2, flower showing perianth lobes; - Fig. 3, floral bract; Fig. 4, style and stigma; Fig. 5, - longitudinal section of receptacle. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 96.] - - - - -PLATE 96. - -ALOE SAPONARIA. - -_Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal._ - - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. - -ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - - -=Aloe saponaria=, _Haw. Syn._ 83; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 312. - -This Aloe, known as the common soap-aloe, was introduced into -cultivation in Europe early in the eighteenth century, and it still -retains its popularity. Three colour varieties are known: one with -salmon-coloured flowers, one with red flowers, and one with pale -lemon-yellow flowers. The inflorescence in all these varieties may be -either simple or branched. The plants are common on the south and east -coasts of South Africa. - -The buds just before the flowers open are between 3 and 4 cm. long, and -in about four days are completely open, and then a little over 4 cm. -long. The stamens do not all ripen at the same time; two or three -project and shed their pollen, being followed after a short interval by -the remainder. While the stamens are dehiscing the style remains within -the perianth and lengthens only after the pollen has been shed. It then -projects beyond the perianth, which now begins to wither and close -tightly round the style. While this is taking place the filaments -contract by twisting and are drawn back into the perianth. The inclusion -of the style during the dehiscence of the anthers and its subsequent -projection ensures cross-pollination. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens growing in the Aloe collection at -the Division of Botany, Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--An acaulescent plant or with a short stem with a rosette -of leaves. _Leaves_ up to 20 cm. long, about 8 cm. broad, dark green -with dark longitudinal marking on the upper surface, lighter green and -faintly spotted beneath, acuminate, usually brown and withered at the -tip, with spines on the margins; spines 8 mm. long, about 1·5 cm. apart -and more or less at right angles to the leaf. _Inflorescence_ ·3-·5 m. -high, simple or branched. _Peduncle_ terete with a few dry membranous -acuminate bracts. Flowers in a contracted raceme. _Floral bracts_ -1·5-2·5 cm. long, long-acuminate from an ovate-lanceolate base. -_Pedicels_ 2·5-4 cm. long, terete. _Perianth-tube_ 3·3 cm. long, 9 mm. -in diameter above, gradually narrowing below and dilated into a globose -base; segments 1 cm. long, ·5 cm. broad, oblong, obtuse, slightly -reflexed in the mature flower. _Filaments_ in buds 2·4 cm. long, linear, -in mature flowers lengthening to 3·5 cm. and becoming corrugated in the -upper half. _Ovary_ 8 mm. long, cylindric; style 2·5 cm. long, -cylindric, lengthening in older flowers to 3·8 cm.; stigma simple -(National Herb. Pretoria 2593). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 96.--Fig. 1, perianth-lobes; Fig. 2, stamens; Fig. 3, pistil; - Fig. 4, tip of style, much enlarged. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 97. - -M. Page del.] - - - - -PLATE 97. - -SYNNOTIA METELERKAMPIAE. - -_Cape Province._ - - -IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. - -SYNNOTIA, _Sweet._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709. - - -=Synnotia Metelerkampiae=, _L. Bolus_ in _Annals Bolus Herb._ vol. iii. p. 77. - -The genus _Synnotia_ is one of the endemic genera of the family -_Iridaceae_, and has hitherto only been represented by two species. The -species here figured is a new record for the genus in South Africa. On -Plate 60 we figured a species of _Sparaxis_, and a comparison of that -plate with the present one will show that the two genera _Sparaxis_ and -_Synnotia_ are nearly related: the rootstock, inflorescence, and spathe -valves are the same in both, but the former has regular flowers, while -in the latter genus the flowers are irregular. - -The species is found near Eendekuil in the Clanwilliam Division, and the -original description was prepared from specimens flowering in the garden -of Mrs. F. Metelerkamp. We are indebted to the Curator of the Bolus -Herbarium for lending us the illustration from which the accompanying -plate was prepared. - -DESCRIPTION:--A glabrous herb, 16-25 cm. high. _Corm_ 1·6 cm. long, 1·2 -cm. in diameter, ovoid, with rigid tunics prominently nerved and with -the nerves reticulated. _Stem_ erect. _Leaves_ 6-7 to each stem, 5-8 cm. -long, 1-1·2 cm. broad, equitant, adscending, linear, obtuse, apiculate -or acute, with inconspicuous nerves. _Inflorescence_ racemose, laxly -9-12-flowered, with the flowers almost erect. _Bracts_ clasping, -about 2 cm. long, ovate; bracteoles united beyond the middle, -setaceous-acuminate, almost equalling the bracts. _Perianth-tube_ 4-4·5 -cm. long, 1-2 mm. in diameter, oblique and expanding to 7 mm. in -diameter above; segments unequal; the lower smaller than the upper; the -outer segments 1·2 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, ovate-oblong, subacute; the -inner segments subclawed, obtuse, and with obscurely undulate margins; -the uppermost 1·4 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, ovate; the lower 5 mm. broad. -_Filaments_ 1·2 cm. long; anthers 3-5 mm. long, with purple pollen. -_Style_ 4·6 cm. long with spathulate branches 3 mm. long. _Capsule_ 1·5 -cm. long. _Seeds_ many, 2 mm. in diameter, subglobose (Bolus Herb. Cape -Town 16039). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 97.--Fig. 1, flower laid open; Fig. 2, capsule; Fig. 3, seed - × 4; Fig. 4, corm. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 98. - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 98. - -CHRYSOPHYLLUM MAGALISMONTANUM. - -_Transvaal._ - - -SAPOTACEAE. - -CHRYSOPHYLLUM, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 653. - - -=Chrysophyllum magalismontanum=, _Sond. in Linnaea_, vol. xxiii. p. 72; -_Fl. Cap._ vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 437. - -The genus _Chrysophyllum_ is a small genus in South Africa, having only -three representatives, two in Natal and one in the Transvaal. The -species figured here is the common one in the Transvaal, being found all -along the rocky outcrops of the Magaliesberg range and known as “stam -vrucht,” because the fruits are borne on the old stems. The fruits, -which are oval in shape, are somewhat larger than a cherry, and are used -to make preserve. The plants flower in October and ripe fruits are -formed in January. A milky juice characteristic of all the species in -the _Sapotaceae_ is present in the plant. A member of the order, -_Mimusops balata_, Crueg, native of Guiana, yields a guttapercha -(balata). - -The specimens from which our illustration was made were gathered at -Eloff’s Cutting near Pretoria by Mr. D. J. Fouche. - -DESCRIPTION:--A bush. _Youngest_ branchlets rufo-tomentose, at length -becoming pubescent. _Leaves_ petioled; blades 3-9 cm. long, 1·6-4·4 cm. -broad, oblong-obovate or oblong, retuse at the apex, slightly narrowed -at the base, dark green above, rufo-tomentose beneath on young leaves, -becoming greyish tomentose on the older leaves; petiole 1 cm. long, -pubescent. _Flowers_ arising on the old wood. _Pedicels_ 2 mm. long, -rufo-tomentose. _Sepals_ unequal 2·5-3 mm. long, 2-3·5 mm. broad, ovate, -obtuse; the 3 outer longer than the 2 inner and densely rufo-tomentose. -_Corolla-tube_ 1 mm. long; lobes 2·5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse. -_Filaments_ 1·5-2 mm. long, terete, glabrous; anthers 1 mm. long, oblong -in outline. _Ovary_ 2 mm. in diameter, villous, gradually passing into -the 1·5 mm. long style; stigma terminal, simple. _Fruit_ 2·5 cm. long, -1·7 cm. in diameter, ellipsoid, dark-red when ripe (National Herb. -Pretoria 2636). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 98.--Fig. 1, flower; Fig. 2, portion of corolla and stamens; - Fig. 3, stamen; Fig. 4, pistil; Fig. 5, seed. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 99. - -K A Lansdell del.] - - - - -PLATE 99. - -CYRTANTHUS HELICTUS. - -_Cape Province._ - - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. - -CYRTANTHUS, _Ait._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 729. - - -=Cyrtanthus helictus=, _Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamburg_. 1839, 7; _Fl. -Cap._ vol. vi. p. 226. - -This species of _Cyrtanthus_ belongs to the same group as the species -figured on Plate 25 (_C. sanguineus_). The group is characterised by -having a single flower or few flowers in each umbel. Our previous -illustrations of _Cyrtanthus_ should be compared with the above two and -the present plate. _C. helictus_, which is an exceptionally graceful -representative of the genus, has not been extensively collected by -botanists, and we know of its occurrence in the Somerset East, Graaff -Reinet, Fort Beaufort, and Queenstown Divisions only. It should -certainly engage the attention of cultivators of South African plants, -as it is well worthy of a place in the bulb garden. - -Our illustration was made from specimens collected by Dr. E. P. Phillips -near Fort Beaufort; these flowered at the Division of Botany in November -1922. - -DESCRIPTION:--Bulb 2·7 cm. in diameter, globose, with papery tunics and -thick wrinkled roots from the base. _Leaves_ contemporary with the -flowers, about 3 to each bulb, spirally twisted, 12 cm. long, 4·5 mm. -broad, linear, obtuse, narrowed to the base, glabrous. _Peduncle_ -arising at side of the leaves, 9 cm. long, but sometimes longer, terete, -glabrous. _Spathe_ valves 2·5 cm. long, acuminate from an ovate base, -membranous. _Flowers_ usually solitary. _Pedicel_ 1·2 cm. long, terete, -glabrous, shorter than the spathe-valves. _Perianth-tube_ 3 cm. long, 2 -mm. in diameter, and curved at the base, widening to 1·3 cm. in diameter -at the throat; lobes 2 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, obovate, obtuse, or the -outer segments bluntly apiculate with a pendulous appendage, 5-nerved. -_Stamens_ in 2 series: the lower with filaments 1·1 cm. long; the upper -with filaments 8 mm. long, all filiform; anthers 3·5 mm. long, linear. -_Ovary_ 7 mm. long, ellipsoid, glabrous; style 5·5 cm. long; lobes 5 mm. -long, linear (National Herb. Pretoria 2634). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 99.--Fig. 1, perianth laid open; Fig. 2, perianth lobes; Fig. - 3, upper portion of style. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 100. - -K. A. Lansdell del] - - - - -PLATE 100. - -PROTEA STOKOEI. - -_Cape Province._ - - -PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEEAE. - -PROTEA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169. - - =Protea Stokoei=, _Phillips_, sp. nov. a _P. speciosa_, Linn., - aristis calycis subequalibus, et pilis apice bractearum brevioribus - differt. - - _Rami glabri_. _Folia_ 7-9 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata, obovata vel - obovato-oblonga, glabra. _Capitulum_ sessile, 10-11 cm. longum, 5·5 - cm. latum. _Involucri bracteae_ 9-10-seriatae; exteriores 1·5-2 cm. - longae, ovato-oblongae, apice rotundatae, dense pubescentes, apice - barbatae; interiores 9 cm. longae, 2·5 cm. latae, spathulatae, - sericeo-pubescentes, infra glabrae, apice barbatae. _Receptaculum_ - 2 cm. longum, conicum. _Perianthi tubus_ 5·5 cm. longus, basi - dilatatus; laminae 1·2 cm. longae, villosae; apice triaristatae; - aristae laterales 1·8 cm. longae, villosae, media 1·5 cm. longa. - _Stamina_ 8 mm. longa, linearia, apice glandibus linearibus - instructa. _Ovarium_ pilis longis vestitum; stylus 6 cm. longus; - stigma 6 mm. longum. - -This species of _Protea_ was collected early in 1921 by Mr. T. P. -Stokoe. At the time there was some doubt about its identity, and it was -provisionally placed under _P. speciosa_. Recently we received more and -better material from the same collector, and have no hesitation in -describing it as a species allied to _P. speciosa_. It differs from this -species in having shorter tufts of hairs at the apices of the involucral -bracts and the awns of the perianth are much longer and subequal. The -species belongs to a section of the genus _Speciosae_, which is -characterised by having the inner involucral bracts fringed with long -hairs or bearded. A comparison should be made with Plates 22, 76 and 84, -which illustrate examples of other sections of the genus. - -The first specimens collected by Mr. Stokoe came from an isolated krantz -on a peak directly opposite Kogelberg on the land side, and subsequently -he found specimens also on high peaks facing Kogelberg, but on the -seaward side. It probably does not occur lower than an altitude of 3000 -ft. The plant is a spreading bush about 6 ft. high (not so compact as -_P. speciosa_), and grows with such moisture-loving plants as _Mimetes -hottentotica_ and _M. splendens_. The young leaves have a fringe of -longish white hairs. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ glabrous. _Leaves_ 7-9 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, -obovate, obovate-oblong, more rarely elliptic-lanceolate, rounded and -slightly emarginate at the apex, slightly narrowed to the base, -leathery, with reddish margins, quite glabrous. _Head_ sessile, 10-11 -cm. long, 5·5 cm. in diameter. _Involucral bracts_ 9-10-seriate; the -outermost 1·5-2 cm. long, ovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, densely -silky pubescent, ciliate with white hairs with a small tuft of brown -hairs at the apex; the innermost 9 cm. long, 2·5 cm. broad above, -spathulate, silky pubescent, except at the base, with a fringe of -dark-brown hairs at the apex about 3 mm. long. _Receptacle_ 2 cm. long, -conical. _Perianth-sheath_ 5·5 cm. long, dilated and 3-keeled below, -glabrous; lip 1·2 cm. long, shortly but densely villous, 3-awned; -lateral awns 1·8 cm. long, linear, acuminate, shortly but densely -villous, tipped with a few brown hairs; median awn 1·5 cm. long, -otherwise similar. _Stamens_ all fertile; anthers 8 mm. long, linear, -with a pink linear apical gland. _Ovary_ covered with long, golden-brown -hairs; style 6 cm. long, subterete, slightly curved, very sparsely -pilose below; stigma 6 mm. long, linear; scarcely bent at junction with -style (Type in National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2632). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 100.--Fig. 1, receptacle; Fig. 2, complete flower; Fig. 3, - lamina showing the three awns and stamens; Fig. 4, pistil; Fig. 5, - apex of style and stigma. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: 101. - -S Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 101. - -GREYIA RADLKOFERI - -_Transvaal._ - -SAPINDACEAE. Tribe MELIANTHEAE. -GREYIA, _Hook. et Harv._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 1000. - -=Greyia Radlkoferi=, _Szyszy. Pl. Rehmann._ vol. ii. p. 49 (1880). - - -An extremely ornamental shrub found in the eastern Transvaal, where it -has been recorded from Waterval Onder, ’Thlatikulu and Barberton. The -plant does quite well at Pretoria, where specimens have been planted on -Meintjes Kop behind the Union Buildings. - -The genus _Greyia_, which contains only three known species, was named -in honour of Sir George Grey, K.C.B. In South Africa it has a very -limited distribution, and is interesting botanically, as there are still -some doubts as to its affinities. - -In the Transvaal the plant flowers from July to October, the young -leaves appearing at the same time as the scarlet flowers. The flowers -are proterandrous, _i. e._, the pollen is shed before the pistil has -quite matured, and this makes self-pollination almost impossible. - -The Cape species, _Greyia Sutherlandi_, is commonly known as “Baakhout” -or “Wild bottlebrush,” so that our plant might be appropriately named -the “Transvaal Baakhout.” The material from which our illustration was -made was gathered by Miss S. Gower on Meintjes Kop, Pretoria. - -For a roller account of this interesting genus the reader is referred to -a paper by Dr. S. Schonland in the _Records of the Albany Museum_, vol. -iii. p. 40. - -DESCRIPTION:--A shrub 2-5 m. high. _Branches_ with light-brown bark, -glabrous. _Leaves_ at the apex of the branches at the side of the -flowers; blade 3·5-12 cm. long, ovate, subacute, cordate at the base, -with lobed margins, sparsely pilose above with curled hairs, -white-tomentose beneath; petioles 2-10 cm. long, terete, -glandular-pilose. _Inflorescence_ of many inverted scarlet flowers. -_Bracts_ 7 mm. long, boat-shaped, glandular-pilose. _Pedicels_ 7 mm. -long, terete, glandular-pilose. _Calyx-tube_ 2 mm. long; lobes 5 mm. -long, oblong, shortly apiculate, sparsely glandular-pilose. _Petals_ not -all equal, 2-2·3 cm. long, almost 1 cm. broad, oblong-obovate, usually -rounded at the apex, more rarely emarginate. _Stamens_ usually 10, -sometimes 8, in two whorls; filaments 2·7 cm. long, terete; anthers 1·5 -mm. long, ovate. _Disc_ cupular below with 10 or 8 arms from the rim of -the cup, each arm has a peltate disc. _Ovary_ about 1 cm. long, terete; -style 1·8 cm. long, terete; stigma simple. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. -2635.) - - * * * * * - - PLATE 101.--Fig. 1, leaf; 2, flower with petals removed showing - disc; 3, ground plan of flower; 4, sepal; 5, petal; 6, anthers - front and side view; 7, stamen; 8, pistil; 9, section through the - ovary. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _102_. - -K A Lansdell del] - - - - -PLATE 102. - -MESEMBRYANTHEMUM DIGITATUM. - -_Cape Province._ - -FICOIDEAE. Tribe MESEMBRYEAE. -MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 853. - - =Mesembryanthemum digitatum=, _Ait. Hort. Kew._ ed. 1, vol. ii. p. - 181 (1789); _M. digitiforme_, Thunb. in Acad. Leop.-Car. Ephem., - vol. viii. Append, p. 6 (1791); Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 412; Fl. Cap. - vol. ii. p. 405. - - -This curious _Mesembryanthemum_ was first collected by Carl Thunberg -between the Oliphants River and the Bokkeveld Mountains about 150 years -ago. Thunberg described his plant in 1789, and in his herbarium there is -one sheet with two perfect growths and two flowers upon it. Marloth -(_Flora of South Africa_, Pl. 49) figures a small portion of a plant -which, he states, was collected at Van Rhynsdorp by Mr. W. Spilhaus and -was as large as a child’s head. The specimens from which our -illustration was made were collected in the same locality by Mr. E. Rood -and sent to the Division of Botany, Pretoria. - -The corpuscula, which are very succulent, show an extremely interesting -structure when examined in detail. If a longitudinal section is made, a -hard green central core is seen, which is the stem; this is surrounded -by long, crystalline cells, and the whole covered in by a juicy tissue. -As the green tissue is buried in the stem, it is very probable that the -crystalline cells referred to act as lenses and concentrate any light -which penetrates the outer tissue on to the chlorophyll-bearing cells. -The fleshy leaves are almost devoid of chlorophyll. - -The flower is borne at the apex of the stem, but this can only be -satisfactorily seen in a longitudinal section. The crystalline cells are -continued round the base of the calyx. - -DESCRIPTION:--Acaulescent plant with woody underground stems and fleshy -aerial stems and leaves. _Stems_ 2-3 cm. long, 2-2·5 cm. in diameter, -very succulent, glabrous. _Leaves_ two to each stem, usually one larger -than the other, 1·5-2 cm. long, 0·8-1·3 cm. in diameter, terete, blunt, -very succulent, glabrous. _Flowers_ white, arising from the apex of the -stems but appearing on a casual examination to come from the base of one -of the leaves, when expanded 1·2-1·5 cm. in diameter. _Petals_ in more -than one row; the outermost row connate into definite groups, 7 mm. -long, less than 0·5 mm. broad, linear, subacute. _Stamens_ in four rows; -filaments 1 mm. long, filiform; anthers about 1 mm. long, oblong. -_Calyx_ covered with crystalline cells; lobes almost membranous, 1 cm. -long, 3 mm. broad, oblong, or oblong ovate, obtuse. _Ovary_ sunk in -tissue of stem, 5-celled, with several stalked ovules with axile -placentation; upper portion of ovary cone-shaped tipped with five -terete, acute styles each 1 mm. long. - - PLATE 102.--Fig. 1, longitudinal section of stem showing sheath of - crystalline cells and flower embedded at apex; 2, longitudinal - section of flower; 3, sepal; 4, top of ovary showing the five - stigmas; 5, cross section of ovary. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _103._] - - - - -PLATE 103. - -BRACHYCORYTHIS PUBESCENS. - -_Cape Province. Natal. Swaziland. Transvaal._ - -ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe OPHRYDEAE. -BRACHYCORYTHIS, _Lindl._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 632. - -=Brachycorythis pubescens=, _Harv. Thes. Cop._ i. 35, t. 54; - _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. 3, p. 86; _Bolus_, _Orchids of S. Afr._ tab. 73. - - -The genus _Brachycorythis_ is represented in Africa by over twenty -species, five of which occur in South Africa, and of these three are -endemic. The species described here is known from the Cape Province, -Natal, Zululand, Swaziland and the northern Transvaal, and extends into -tropical Africa. Its occurrence near Pretoria, in a totally different -botanical area, is therefore interesting. Harvey first described the -plant from specimens found near Durban by Mr. Sanderson, who stated it -was plentiful in the neighbourhood. - -This attractive little orchid was collected by General the Rt. Hon. J. -C. Smuts on the farm Rietvlei No. 221, at Irene, near Pretoria, at an -altitude of about 5000 ft. above sea-level. The plant was found in open -grassland in deep red loam soil. It has large spreading finger-like -tubers and slightly scented flowers. - -DESCRIPTION:--A herbaceous plant with long finger-like tubers about 1 -cm. thick. _Stem_ with inflorescence up to 50 cm. high. _Leaves_ erect, -crowded 6 cm. long, 3·2 cm. broad at the base of the stem, becoming -smaller above, ovate, acuminate, shortly cuspidate, clasping at the -base, with the midrib prominent beneath, densely pubescent, with the -margins shortly ciliated and somewhat undulate. _Inflorescence_ up to 17 -cm. long, racemose, many-flowered. _Bracts_ similar to the leaves but -smaller. _Upper sepal_ 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, elliptic, rounded above, -concave, sparsely pubescent without; lateral sepals 4 mm. long, 2·5 mm. -broad, oblong, unequal sided, rounded above, concave, sparsely pubescent -without. _Lateral_ petals 6 mm. long, 3·5 mm. broad, oblong, rounded -above, concave, unequal sided. _Lip_ 9 mm. long, 7 mm. broad, obovate, -3-lobed, the middle lobe smaller than the two lateral lobes, narrowed in -the middle and then expanded to form a deep pouch. _Anther cells_ -parallel; pollinia granular, each attached to a separate gland. - - PLATE 103.--Fig. 1, lower part of plant showing tubers; 2, flower - (enlarged); 3, median longitudinal section of flower; 4, sepals; 5, - petal; 6, lip; 7, column showing pollinia sacs; 8, pollinium. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _104._] - - - - -PLATE 104. - -MACKAYA BELLA. - -_Natal._ - -ACANTHACEAE. Tribe JUSTICEAE. - -MACKAYA, _Harv._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 1095 (under -_Asystasia_). - -=MacKaya bella=, _Harv. Thes. Cap._ i. 8, t. 13; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. 1, -p. 44; _Wood_, _Natal Plant._ t. 585. - - -This plant was discovered in Natal by Mr. J. Sanderson, who sent living -specimens to Kew, where it flowered first in May 1869. From the material -a figure of the plant was published in the _Botanical Magazine_ of the -same year. This figure, however, does not accurately represent the plant -as it is known in its native habitat and in local cultivation. The -flowers are lilac, and not almost white, as indicated in the _Botanical -Magazine_. The late Dr. Medley Wood reproduced a pencil drawing of the -plant in “Natal Plants” in 1912, and states it “is a handsome shrub, but -it is of no economic value; it is found only in the coast and midland -districts of Natal, and does not seem to be very common.” _MacKaya -bella_ differs from _Crossandra Greenstockii_ (see Plate 77), which also -belongs to the _Acanthaceae_, in having almost a regular, not a 1-lipped -corolla. - -Dr. Harvey, who first described the genus, dedicated it to Dr. J. T. -MacKay, keeper of the Dublin University Botanic Garden. Our figure was -prepared from plants growing in the “Flanagan Arboretum,” Union -Buildings, Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--A shrub about 1-1·5 m. high. _Branches_ pubescent. -_Leaves_ opposite, petioled; blade 3-6 cm. long, 1·3-3·5 cm. broad, -elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse, usually narrowed at -the base, margins lobulate or subentire, with the nerves distinct -beneath, glabrous; petioles about 1 cm. long, pubescent. _Flowers_ -opposite in a terminal lax raceme; the internodes almost 2 cm. long. -_Bracts_ 4·5 mm. long, subulate; bracteoles 2, at the base of the -pedicels. _Pedicel_ 5-7 mm. long, pubescent. _Calyx_ divided almost to -the base; lobes 8 mm. long, acuminate from a base 1 mm. broad, very -finely pubescent, and ciliate on the margins. _Corolla-tube_ 3·5 cm. -long, 2 cm. in diameter at the throat, campanulate above, becoming -cylindric below, finely pubescent; lobes 2 cm. long, 1-1·5 cm. broad, -ovate, obtuse, very finely pubescent or glabrous. _Fertile stamens_ two; -filaments fixed to narrow portion of corolla-tube, 1·5 cm. long, terete, -with a few scattered short stiff hairs; anthers 7 mm. long, bluntly -sagittate at the base, hirsute on the back; sterile stamens represented -by filaments only. _Ovary_ 3 mm. long, 2-celled, with 2 superposed -ovules in each cell, glabrous; style 3·3 cm. long, filiform, with a few -scattered hairs at the base; stigma shortly bifid. (National Herb. -Pretoria, No. 2638.) - - PLATE 104.--Fig. 1, calyx; 2, corolla; 3, anther back view and - filament; 4, anther front view; 5, ovary; 6, apex of style showing - shortly bifid stigma; 7, longitudinal section of ovary. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _105._ - -S Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 105. - -ADENIUM OLEIFOLIUM. - -_Transvaal. Cape Province._ - -APOCYNACEAE. Tribe ECHITIDEAE. -ADENIUM, _Roem. et Schult._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 722. - -=Adenium oleifolium=, _Stapf_, var. angustifolium, _Phillips_ var. nov., a -typo foliis angustis differt. - - -The genus _Adenium_ is represented in South Africa by three species -found in the Transvaal, Swaziland and the North-Western Cape Province. -Species of the genus are also found extending through tropical Africa to -Socotra. On Plate 16 we figured _Adenium multiflorum_, from which the -present plant differs in having long narrow leaves; both, however, have -very large tuberous underground stems from which the branches arise. The -peculiar tailed anthers and the scales in the corolla-throat which -sometimes form small pouches are characteristic of the genus. - -Specimens were submitted to Kew for confirmation of the name, and the -Director reports “very probably _A. oleifolium_, Stapf, but leaves are -much narrower than in the type,” and it was thought advisable to -describe this as a narrow-leaved variety. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens collected by Dr. W. M. Borcherds -at Upington, and forwarded by him to the Division of Botany, Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--Plant with large underground tuberous stems from which the -branches arise. _Branches_ densely pubescent when young, at length -becoming glabrous. _Leaves_ crowded at the ends of the branches, 6-10 -cm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, linear, acute, pubescent. _Flowers_ terminal. -_Sepals_ 6·5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, acute, densely pilose, united -at the base. _Corolla-tube_ 3·5 cm. long, cylindric and 3 mm. in -diameter in lowest third, campanulate and 1·1 cm. in diameter in -uppermost ⅔, pubescent without and within and with pockets in the -angles formed by the lobes; lobes 1·3 cm. long, 8-9 mm. broad, -broadly-elliptic, acuminate, sub-acute, minutely ciliate. _Filaments_ 4 -mm. long, thick, terete, densely pilose; anthers 4 mm. long, hairy on -the backs, sagittate at the base and produced into a long coiled apical -hairy appendage 1 cm. long. _Ovary_ 2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, glabrous, -separating into 2 carpels; style 1·6 cm. long, cylindric, glabrous; -stigmas 3 mm. long, lanceolate, subacuminate, with a mass of glandular -hairs at the back which fix the stigmas to the connective of the -anthers. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2598.) - - PLATE 105.--Fig. 1, plant reduced; 2, corolla laid open; 3, corolla - from above; 4, pocket in corolla; 5, calyx; 6, stamens; 7, style - and stigma; 8, carpels; 9, median longitudinal section of flower. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _106._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 106. - -CRATEROSTIGMA PLANTAGINEUM. - -_Transvaal._ - -SCROPHULARIACEAE. Tribe GRATIOLEAE. -CRATEROSTIGMA, _Hochst._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 954. - -=Craterostigma plantagineum=, _Hochst. in Flora_, 1841, 669; _Fl. Cap._ -vol. iv. sect. 2, p. 361. - - -The _Craterostigma_ figured on the accompanying plate is known from -various localities in the Transvaal. It is also recorded from the -neighbourhood of Bulawayo in Rhodesia and from other parts of tropical -Africa reaching as far north as Arabia and Abyssinia. The genus is -mainly a tropical one, and is represented by about a dozen species, -three of which are found in South Africa. - -_C. plantagineum_ is a charming little plant which would be well worth -cultivation in the greenhouse and should be easily grown. Our plate was -prepared from specimens collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., on -the portion of the farm Rietfontein 448, near Pretoria, belonging to Mr. -J. F. Ludorf. The plants were found growing in great profusion in -shallow soil not more than one inch deep on a large quartzite outcrop. -They were in flower during November and December. - -DESCRIPTION:--An acaulescent plant with a rosette of radical leaves. -_Leaves_ 6-6·5 cm. long, 3-3·5 cm. broad (the inner smaller), ovate, -obtuse, narrowed at the base, with crenulate, ciliated margins and with -the nerves depressed above, prominent beneath, glabrous above, pubescent -beneath, especially on the veins. _Peduncles_ 3 or more to a plant, -3·5-4 cm. long, terete, pubescent, bearing about 8 opposite flowers in a -raceme. _Bracts_ 1 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute, -slightly connate at the base, glabrous except on the keel, ciliate. -_Pedicel_ 7 mm. long, flat on the upper surface, convex on the lower -surface, pubescent, ciliate. _Calyx-tube_ 4·5 mm. long, 2·5 mm. in -diameter, deeply fluted, pubescent; lobes 1 mm. long, ovate, sub-acute, -ciliated. _Corolla_ 2-lipped; tube 7 mm. long, tubular; lower lip 9 mm. -long, 1 cm. broad, 3-lobed, with the lobes obovate, crenulate; upper lip -7 mm. long, oblong-ovate, bilobed at the apex. _Stamens_ of two -different kinds; those attached to the lower lip with filaments 7 mm. -long, bent at right angles below and then swollen to form two -callosities on the lip; those attached to the upper lip 2 mm. long; -anther cells diverging, those of each pair of stamens joined. _Ovary_ 2 -mm. long, 1·25 mm. in diameter, ovoid; style 8 mm. long, terete, -gradually widening above, glabrous; stigma bilobed, with the lobes -broadly ovate and somewhat membranous. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. -2644.) - - PLATE 106.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; 2, front - view of flower enlarged; 3, bract; 4, calyx; 5, stamens; 6, pistil; - 7, lower portion of under surface of leaf; 8, section of pedicel - snowing convex and flat surfaces. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _107._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 107. - -ALOE COMOSA. - -_Cape Province._ - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. -ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - -=Aloe comosa=, _Marloth and A. Berg. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb._ vol. 38, p. 86. - - -The Aloe which forms the subject of this plate is, so far as is known, -only found on the Bokkeveld beds in the Clanwilliam and Van Rhynsdorp -Districts of the Cape Province. Full-grown plants attain a height of -12-15 ft., and when in full bloom, which is usually during December and -January, their long massive inflorescences make such a display of colour -in the veld that they cannot fail to attract the notice of the -traveller. As will be seen from the illustration, the uppermost flowers -are hidden by the long bracts, the flowers in the middle portion of the -inflorescence are pink and spreading, while those at the base are -pendulous and greenish-white. The stamens are only exserted from the -pendulous flowers, and after pollination the filaments contract and are -withdrawn into the perianth, which closes round them, leaving the style -exserted. This phenomenon is also found in _Aloe saponaria_ figured on -Plate 96, and is probably fairly general in the genus _Aloe_. - -The material from which our plate was made was collected by Dr. I. B. -Pole Evans, C.M.G., on the Doorn River near Van Rhynsdorp, and brought -to Pretoria, where the plants flower regularly every year during -December and January. _Aloe comosa_ was first collected and described by -Dr. R. Marloth, who found it between Clanwilliam and Van Rhynsdorp in -1904. - -DESCRIPTION:--Plant with a short stout stem or sometimes up to 12 ft. -bearing a rosette of fleshy leaves at the apex, _Leaves_ up to 52 cm. -long, 10 cm. broad in the widest part, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, -acute, flat above, slightly convex beneath, deeply channelled on the -upper surface above, with the veins somewhat distinct on the upper -surface and with the margins covered with sharp teeth; teeth 5-7 mm. -apart, 2 mm. long, ovate. _Inflorescence_ lateral about 1·3 m. long, -racemose, narrowly cylindric, with the lowermost flowers pendulous, the -upper flowers erect and adpressed and the median flowers spreading. -_Peduncle_ about 60 cm. long, 1·5 cm. in diameter, terete, covered with -long membranous ovate-acuminate bracts 5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad. -_Floral-bracts_ 6 cm. long, lanceolate, long acuminate, acute, with -membranous margins, encircling the pedicel. _Pedicel_ 1·8-2 cm. long, at -first erect, at length becoming curved, terete. _Perianth-tube_ 1·2 cm. -long, campanulate; outer lobes grenadine-pink, 2 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, -lanceolate, hooded at the apex, 3-nerved; inner lobes whitish, 2 cm. -long, obtuse and hooded at the apex, 1-nerved. _Filaments_ 1·8 cm. long, -lengthening to 4 cm. long in old flowers; anthers 3 mm. long, oblong. -_Ovary_ ellipsoid; style 2 cm. long, lengthening to 4 cm. in old -flowers; stigma simple with a ring of papillose hairs. (National Herb. -Pretoria, No. 2643.) - - PLATE 107.--Fig. 1, entire plant much reduced; 2, inflorescence × - ⅔; 3, leaf × ⅔; 4, median longitudinal section of flower; 5, bract; - 6, young flower; 7, mature flower with stamens exserted; 8, inner - perianth segment; 9, outer perianth segment. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _108._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 108. - -PROTEA PITYPHYLLA var. LATIFOLIA. - -_Cape Province._ - -PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEAE. -PROTEA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 169. - -=Protea pityphylla=, _Phill._ var. latifolia, _Phillips_ var. nov., - a typo foliis latis differt. - - -The _Protea_ figured on the accompanying plate is readily distinguished -from the species by its flat, linear leaves, and on this character alone -has been described as a variety of _P. pityphylla_, Phill. We are -indebted to Miss L. Guthrie of the Bolus Herbarium for the specimens, -which she received from Mr. de Wet of Ceres. The plant is stated to grow -in the same habitat and to be found associated with _P. pityphylla_ and -_P. Marlothii_. It has the characteristic involucre of the former -species, namely, the long leaf-like appendages from the apices of the -lowermost bracts and also the same pendulous heads. The section of the -genus (§ _Pinifoliæ_), comprising species with narrowly linear, filiform -or needle-shaped leaves, to which this plant belongs is illustrated here -for the first time. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ glabrous. _Leaves_ 5·5-6·5 cm. long, 3 mm. -broad, linear, bluntly apiculate, slightly narrowed to the base, -glabrous. _Head_ sessile, 4·5 cm. long, about 6·5 cm. in diameter, -cernuous. _Involucral-bracts_ 7-8-seriate, glabrous; the outer ovate, -obtuse, sometimes subacuminate, minutely ciliate, the lowermost produced -into long foliaceous appendages resembling the leaves; inner 3·5 cm. -long, 1·3 cm. broad, concave, arching over and exceeding the flowers. -_Perianth-sheath_ 2 cm. long, dilated and 3-keeled below, setulose on -the uppermost portion, otherwise glabrous; lip 5·5 mm. long, 3-toothed, -3-keeled, setulose below; teeth subequal, ·5 mm. long, the middle tooth -smaller than the two lateral. _Filaments_ ·5 mm. long; anthers 3·5 mm. -long, linear, with an ovate fleshy apical gland less than ·5 mm. long. -_Ovary_ covered with long golden hairs; style over 2·5 cm. long, widened -and much compressed at the base, sickle-shaped, glabrous; stigma 4 mm. -long, scarcely swollen at the junction with the style, obtuse. (National -Herb. Pretoria, No. 2586.) - - PLATE 108.--Fig. 1, receptacle; 2, unopened flower; 3, flower with - perianth segments separated; 4, base of style showing the flattened - portion. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _109._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 109. - -TRIASPIS NELSONI. - -_Transvaal._ - -MALPIGHIACEAE. Tribe HIRRAE. -TRIASPIS, _Burch._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 259. - -=Triaspis Nelsoni=, _Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl._ t. 1418. - - -_Triaspis Nelsoni_ was first described and figured in 1883 from material -collected by Mr. W. Nelson at Pretoria. The figure given by Hooker is -incorrect in a few small details. The pedicels, for instance, are -articulated and bear 2 small bracteoles; the three styles are not equal, -but one is longer than the other two and is deflexed at an angle of -about 45°; the anterior petal is exterior in the bud and larger than the -other petals. - -The genus Triaspis is found in Madagascar, tropical and southern Africa, -and was first recorded by the famous traveller Burchell, who collected -specimens of a plant he described as _T. hypericoides_ at Kosi Fountain -in Bechuanaland in 1812. Since then several species have been recorded -from the Transvaal. - -The species figured on the accompanying plate is of frequent occurrence -on the soils overlying the dolomite outcrops south of Pretoria at an -elevation of 4000-5000 ft. above sea-level. It forms a subherbaceous -bush not more than two feet high, and the main branches always tend to -droop. When in flower it is a most attractive and beautiful object in -the veld, and is well worth cultivation in our gardens. In addition to -the beauty of its flowers, its large copper-coloured orbicular winged -fruits add considerably to its charm and gracefulness. The material from -which our plate was prepared was collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, -C.M.G., on the farm Doornkloof, Irene, near Pretoria, belonging to -General the Rt. Hon. J. C. Smuts. - -DESCRIPTION:--A subherbaceous plant with long slender and graceful -branches from an underground rootstock. _Branches_ terete, pubescent. -_Leaves_ opposite, decussate, 2-3 cm. long, 1-2·2 cm. broad, the upper -leaves smaller than the lower, ovate, sub-apiculate, cordate at the -base, with distinct reticulate veining and with the midrib prominent -beneath, sparsely pubescent, with ciliated margins. _Inflorescence_ a -5-6-flowered axillary raceme, arranged in the axils of the upper leaves. -_Peduncle_ 1·3 cm. long, terete, pubescent. _Pedicels_ 1·5 cm. long, -articulated in the lowermost ⅓, pubescent, bearing 2 small bracts. -_Sepals_ 3·5 mm. long, 1·5 mm. broad, oblong, rounded above, sparsely -pubescent. _Petals_ 1 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, concave, oblong, rounded -above, produced into a claw at the base, with fimbriated margins; the -lowermost petal overlapping the others in bud and larger than the rest. -_Stamens_ 10; filaments 5 mm. long, glabrous; stamens 2 mm. long, -linear-oblong. _Ovary_ 2 mm. long, globose, villous; styles 3, two stand -erect; the posterior style reflexed and smaller than the other two. -_Fruit_ 3-winged with the wings deeply saucer-shaped. (National Herb. -Pretoria, No. 2642.) - - PLATE 109.--Fig. 1, bud; 2, median longitudinal section of flower; - 3, pistil; 4, fruit.. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _110._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 110. - -MESEMBRYANTHEMUM PILLANSII. - -_Cape Province._ - -FICOIDEAE. Tribe MESEMBRYEAE. -_Mesembryanthemum_, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 853. - -=Mesembryanthemum Pillansii=, _Kensit in Plant. Nov. Hort. Then._ II. -tab. 57 (1908); _Botanical Mag._ t. 8703. - - -Dr. R. Marloth supplies the following interesting note on this plant. -“Originally found by Mr. Eustace Pillans (not Mr. N. Pillans, as stated -in the _Botanical Magazine_) on the farm Mouton Valley on the Piquetberg -mountains to the north-west of Piquetberg. - -The present plants were gathered by me at the same locality in October -1922 on sandstone hills among _Protea_ trees (waabom, _P. grandiflora_), -forming shrublets 1½ to 2 ft. high with erect virgate branches. - -The description in the _Botanical Magazine_ is fairly correct, but the -coloured petals are all radiating on the wild plants (not some erect and -conniving, as stated in the _Botanical Magazine_ for the cultivated -plants). They are arranged in 5 groups in front of the sepals. The -stigmata are distinct and papillate in the later stages of the flower. - -The plant is easily cultivated at Cape Town, and I have had it in flower -for several years from September to December. - -The flowers are of special biological interest. The stamens do not stand -erect as in most other species, but are incurved towards the centre to -such an extent that the filaments from opposite stamens meet and the -anthers are consequently enclosed in the lentil-shaped cavity thus -formed above the concave apex of the ovary. The roof of this cavity is -further strengthened by the filiform white inner petals which possess a -rough surface and are also tightly incurved inwards, meeting at the -centre. - -The pollen is produced in profusion, and a mass of white powder is -found in every flower when slit open at this stage. In all the flowers -examined by me I found a number of small black beetles not more than 2 -mm. long and a few specimens of haplothrips, all thoroughly covered with -pollen. These insects are able to force their way in between the -filaments and inner petals, but cannot escape until the stamens wither. -Up to that time no stigmatic surfaces are visible in the centre of the -flower, but within a few days, when the flower is about a week old and -when the pollen at first accumulated in the concave apex of the ovary -has been blown away by the wind, the stigmas develop to a length of 2-3 -mm., showing a papillate surface, and are then in a condition to be -cross-pollinated by the insects released from flowers in the first -stage.” - -DESCRIPTION:--A succulent plant. _Branches_ glabrous, angled and -somewhat winged. _Leaves_ connate 2·8-4 cm. long, ovate, acute, flat -above, acutely keeled beneath, with the margins somewhat scarious. -_Flowers_ terminal, about 4 cm. in diameter when expanded. _Sepals_ -unequal, ovate, acuminate, acute, two of the sepals have membranous -appendages on the inner face. _Petals_ 1·7 cm. long, obovate, produced -into a long claw. _Stamens_ bending over into cavity of receptacle; -filaments linear. _Stigmas_ sessile on floor of receptacle. (National -Herb. Pretoria, No. 2646.) - - PLATE 110.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower with - sepals and petals removed; 2, sepals; 3, petal enlarged; 4, stamen; - 5, cross section of ovary; 6, fruit; 7, section of leaf. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _111._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 111. - -ALOE MICROCANTHA. - -_Cape Province, Swaziland, Transvaal._ - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. - -ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - -=Aloe microcantha=, _Haw. Suppl._ 105; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 306; _Sims in -Bot. Mag._ t. 2272. - - -_Aloe microcantha_, which forms the subject of the accompanying plate, -occurs frequently in the open grass veld along the eastern mountain -range from Grahamstown northwards as far as the valley of the Limpopo. -In Swaziland and the eastern Transvaal it is usually found along the -edges of streams and in marshy places. In localities of high rainfall, -such as Haenertsberg on the Drakensbergen in the Transvaal, this plant -is often a conspicuous and beautiful object on the grassy slopes facing -east. It flowers during January and February. As soon as the seed has -set, a few months later, the leaves wither almost completely to their -bases, leaving a short stem surrounded by a few dried leaves to weather -the winter drought. - -We are indebted to Mr. Chas. Maggs of Pretoria for the specimen figured -in our illustration. It was collected by Mr. Maggs on his Waterval -Estate, near Sabie, on the Drakensberg, in January 1921, and forwarded -to the Division of Botany, where it flowered in January the following -year. - -_Aloe microcantha_ was first collected by Bowie and introduced into -cultivation in 1819. It was figured in Curtis’ _Botanical Magazine_ in -1821 as a plant of great rarity from the Cape of Good Hope. - -DESCRIPTION:--An acaulescent plant. _Leaves_ up to 33 cm. long, 4·5 cm. -broad at the base, lanceolate, acuminate, acute, concave, sparsely -covered with greenish-white spots near the base and with rigidly -ciliated margins. _Inflorescence_ about 50 cm. long, terete, glabrous, -bearing a few distant membranous ovate acuminate acute bracts. -_Inflorescence_ congested, corymbose. _Bracts_ 1·5 cm. long, ovate, -acuminate, acute. _Pedicels_ 3 cm. long, terete, glabrous. _Perianth_ -2·8 to 3·2 cm. long; lobes 2·7 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, linear, obtuse. -_Filaments_ 2 cm. long, filiform; anthers linear. _Ovary_ 1 cm. long, -cylindric; style 2·7 cm. long, filiform; stigma simple. (National Herb. -Pretoria, No. 2645.) - - PLATE 111.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; 2, median longitudinal - section of flower; 3, perianth segments; 4, anther; 5, style; 6, - cross-section of leaf about the middle. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _112._ - -K.A. Lansdell del.] - - - - -PLATE 112. - -ERYTHRINA HUMEANA. - -_Cape Province, Natal._ - -LEGUMINOSAE. Tribe PHASEOLEAE. - -ERYTHRINA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 531. - -=Erythrina Humeana=, _Spreng. Syst._ iii. 243; _E. Humei, E. Mey. Comm. -Pl. Afr. Austr._ 150; _Fl. Cap._ vol. i. p. 237. - - -In a previous issue, on Plate 59, we figured the Kaffir Boom (_Erythrina -caffra_), from which the present species differs in being of a dwarf -habit and having the nerves of the leaves and petioles covered with -prickles. It is a common plant on the slopes of the Drakensberg in -Natal, extending southward to Grahamstown, and during the summer months -the bright red flowers are very conspicuous in the veld. The leaves of -this species, as well as those of _E. caffra_, are attacked by a -gall-producing insect, and the seeds are attacked by insects to such an -extent that it is difficult to find ripe seed. - -The species has been known to cultivators in Europe for over 100 years, -and was figured in the _Botanical Magazine_ as early as 1823. It is a -very handsome shrub which stands from 4 to 8 ft. high, and is well worth -cultivation. - -DESCRIPTION:--An erect shrub ·9 to 3 m. high. _Stem_ and branches -terete, ashen-grey, prickly. _Leaves_ pinnately trifoliate, 5 to 7·5 cm. -long and wide, broadly ovate, gradually narrowing to an acute apex, -occasionally very much attenuated and 3-veined at the base; the terminal -leaflet similar but smaller and broader in proportion to its length; the -midribs of all usually bearing prickles; stipule 6 mm. long, oblong, -acute; stipellae glandular. _Petiole_ 5 to 7·5 cm. long, with scattered -broad-based prickles along its whole length. _Peduncle_ 30 to 40 cm. -long, terete, bearing flowers in the upper half. _Flowers_ crowded. -_Calyx_ 5-toothed, 1 cm. long, pubescent; tube subcylindric; teeth -acute. _Vexillum_ 3·7 cm. long, oblong; alae 1 cm. long, oblong; carina -1·1 cm. long, ovate. _Ovary_ many-ovuled, tipped with the persistent -style. _Legume_ 7·5 to 12·5 cm. long, 2-to 5-seeded, torulose with wide -spaces between the seeds. - - PLATE 112.--Fig. 1, leaf and raceme, natural size; 2, calyx, twice - natural size; 3, vexillum; 4, wing; 5, keel; 6, stamens; 7, pistil; - 8, pod; 9, portion of branch, much reduced. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _113._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 113. - -ADENIA DIGITATA. - -_Transvaal._ - -PASSIFLORACEAE. Tribe MODECCEAE. - -ADENIA, _Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab._ 77 (1775). - -=Adenia digitata=, _Engl. Bot. Jahrb._ vol. xiv. p. 375; _Modecca digitata, -Harv. Thes. Cap._ t. 12, 167; _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 499. - - -The species of _Adenia_ described below and figured on the accompanying -Plate is of special interest, inasmuch as the large tuberous roots have -proved to be extremely poisonous. In October 1922 the plant was brought -to the notice of the Division of Botany by Dr. H. Osborne of Pretoria, -who reported that two white labourers were admitted to the Pretoria -Hospital suspected of having been poisoned by eating a portion of the -root, and that one of them died shortly after admission to the Hospital. -A sample of the root sent in by Dr. Osborne was submitted to Drs. H. H. -Green and W. H. Andrews of the Division of Veterinary Research, and as a -result of their investigations two types of poison were discovered. One -of these acts very rapidly, and with symptoms which can be attributed to -the small amount of a cyanogetic glucoside; the other acts more slowly, -but its chemical nature is as yet unknown. A full account of these -investigations will be published in the _Report of the Director of -Veterinary Research_. - -The fruits of _Adenia digitata_ are berries of a very attractive nature, -and also appear to be poisonous, for some years ago in the Pretoria -District two native children died after eating them. - -The plant is quite common in the Pretoria District, and also occurs in -the Barberton District. It has long, graceful branches provided with -tendrils, by means of which it climbs up neighbouring bushes and shrubs. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Roots_ tuberous, sometimes up to 50 cm. in diameter. -_Stems_ striate. _Leaves_ 8 to 14 cm. long, digitately 3-to 5-lobed; the -middle lobe pinnatisect; the side lobes again lobed on one side only or -pinnatilobed, more rarely almost entire; the mid-rib prominent above and -beneath, and with two prominent glands on the upper side at base of the -lamina, and with glands beneath at the base of each leaf-segment, -glabrous; petiole 1·3 to 1·7 cm. long, 6 to 7 mm. broad, flat above, -convex beneath, glabrous. _Calyx-tube_ 1·5 cm. long, campanulate, 1 cm. -in diameter above, narrowing to 1·5 mm. in diameter at the base, -glabrous; lobes 7 cm. long, 5·5 mm. broad, ovate, obtuse, glabrous; two -lobes with entire, the other three with lacerated margins. _Petals_ 9 -mm. long, 2·5 mm. broad at the widest part, obovate, acuminate, obtuse, -narrowed at the base, with shortly ciliated margins, 3-nerved. -_Filaments_ united at the base, 4 mm. long, linear, broadening at the -base; anthers 6·5 mm. long, 1·5 mm. broad, linear, falcate when seen in -side view. _Glands_ at base of filaments ·5 mm. long, more or less -quadrate. _Style_ 1 mm. long, bilobed at the apex. _Corona_ represented -by a fimbriated rim. _Fruit_ fleshy, 3·5 cm. long, 2·5 cm. in diameter. -_Female flower_ not seen. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2639.) - - PLATE 113.--Fig. 1, tuberous root × ½; 2, portion of petiole and - bases of leaf-lobes showing glands; 3, flower laid open showing - entire and fimbriated sepals; 4, petal; 5, stamens side view; 6, - stamen front view; 7, fruit; 8, longitudinal section of fruit - showing seeds. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _114._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 114. - -WACHENDORFIA PANICULATA. - -_Cape Province._ - -HAEMODORACEAE. Tribe EUHAEMODOREAE. - -WACHENDORFIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 673. - -=Wachendorfia paniculata=, _Linn. Sp. Plant._ 59; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 2. - - -This plant is popularly known as “rooi knol,” because of the deep red -colour of the tubers when cut, and it is also known as “Spinnekop blom,” -as the colour and marking of the perianth resemble that of some spiders. -The latter name is also applied to _Ferraria undulata_ (see Plate 66 for -an illustration of a species of the genus). - -The species was known in England at least as early as 1767, as there is -a record of its introduction into Kew Gardens in that year. The dull -brown colour of the flowers, which is rare among South African plants, -does not make the plant a very ornamental object in gardens, but as the -plant is interesting botanically it should have a place in any -collection of the native flora. - -The family _Haemodoraceae_ contains about 120 species, found principally -in Australia, but species are also known in North and South America and -in Asia. In South Africa the family is represented by less than 50 -species, the largest genus being _Sansevieria_. The genus _Wachendorfia_ -is known by only two species. - -Our plate was prepared from plants sent by Mrs. E. Rood, Van Rhynsdorp; -they flowered at the Division of Botany in 1922. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Rhizomes_ a deep red colour when freshly cut. _Leaves_ 5 -to 6 to a plant, 16 to 23 cm. long, 1·2 to 1·8 cm. broad, -long-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, narrowed below, sheathing at the base -with 3 main nerves, glabrous and with ciliated margins. _Peduncle_, -including the inflorescence, up to 60 cm. long, glandular-pubescent, -with about 3 reduced leaves 5 cm. long, and long-acuminate from a broad -base. _Inflorescence_ a lax panicle. _Bracts_ 1 to 3 cm. long, long -acuminate, membranous, distinctly veined, pilose. _Pedicels_ ·6 to 1 cm. -long, pilose with glandular hairs. _Outer perianth-lobes_ 1·7 cm. long, -4·5 mm. broad, oblanceolate, obtuse, many-nerved, pilose outside with -glandular hairs; inner lobes 1·7 cm. long, 3·5 mm. broad, oblanceolate, -obtuse, membranous, nerved, glabrous. _Filaments_ 1·2 cm. long, linear, -narrowing above, membranous, with a single vein, glabrous; anthers 2·5 -mm. long, oblong. _Ovary_ 2 mm. in diameter, bluntly 3-angled, very -densely pilose with glandular hairs; style 1·95 cm. long, linear, -glabrous; stigma simple. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2605.) - - PLATE 114.--Fig. 1, perianth segment; 2, stamen and single anther; - 3, pistil showing side and top view of ovary. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _115._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 115. - -CRASSULA CONGESTA. - -_Cape Province._ - -CRASSULACEAE. - -CRASSULA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 657. - -=Crassula congesta=, _N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron._ 11 (1902), p. 171; _C. -pachyphylla, Schonl. in Record. Albany Museum_, vol. i. (1903), pp. 59, -67. - - -This little _Crassula_, which belongs to the section _Pryamidella_, is, -as pointed out by Dr. Schonland, closely allied to _C. columnaris_, -Thunb., but the shape of the leaves is sufficient to distinguish it from -the latter species. It was described almost simultaneously by Mr. N. E. -Brown and Dr. Schonland, but as Brown’s description was the first to be -published we retain his name for the species. - -_Crassula congesta_ appears to be confined to the Matjesfontein and -Laingsburg Divisions in the Karroo, and at present we have no records of -the species outside these two Divisions. - -We are indebted to Mr. A. J. Austin of Matjesfontein for living -specimens which flowered at the Division of Botany in July 1922. - -DESCRIPTION:--Plant succulent, about 9 cm. high. _Stem_ glabrous. -_Leaves_ 1·7 cm. long, up to 2·7 cm. broad, decussate, connate, -transversely oblong, convex without, concave within, glabrous. _Heads_ -many flowered, 2·5 cm. in diameter. _Receptacle_ convex. _Floral-bracts_ -·5 mm. long, ·75 mm. broad, linear, obtuse; ciliated, membranous. -_Calyx-tube_ 1 mm. long, glabrous, membranous; lobes 2·5 mm. long, ·5 -mm. broad, linear, obtuse, ciliate. _Corolla-tube_ 3·5 mm. long, -membranous; lobes 5 mm. long, ·75 mm. broad, linear, obtuse. _Filaments_ -2 mm. long, filiform; anthers 1·25 mm. long, oblong. _Squamae_ 1 mm. -long, spatulate and produced into a long claw. _Carpels_ 2·5 mm. long, -tapering from the base upwards; stigma simple. (National Herb. Pretoria, -No. 2602.) - - PLATE 115.--Figs. 1, 2, leaf and section of leaf; 3, single flower; - 4, corolla opened; 5, sepal; 6, bract; 7, scale; 8, carpels showing - scales. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _116._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 116. - -GLADIOLUS PSITTACINUS. - -_Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal, Natal, Portuguese East -Africa._ - -IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. - -GLADIOLUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709. - -=Gladiolus psittacinus=, _Hook. in Bot. Mag._ 3032; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. -p. 158. - - -On Plate 6 we figured a variety of this magnificent species of -_Gladiolus_, which differs from our present plant not only in the -colouring of the flower, but also in the size of the perianth-segments. - -It was figured in the _Botanical Magazine_ (t. 3032) from specimens -which flowered at Kew, and was known in cultivation in England at least -as early as 1830, and in Holland before that date. - -A bed of plants growing at the Division of Botany, Pretoria, made an -exceptionally fine display this season (1923), and there can be little -doubt that it is the finest native _Gladiolus_ to be found in South -Africa. - -The plant is quite easily propagated, and forms new corms very readily. -It is commonly known as the “Natal Lily.” Our plate was prepared from -specimens forwarded by Mr. H. E. Forsyth, the Curator, Municipal Park, -Benoni, and were stated to have been collected in Portuguese East -Africa. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ 3 cm. in diameter, globose, covered with fibrous -tunics. _Plant_ 1 to 1·5 m. high. _Leaves_ 10 to 12 to a plant, -equitant, up to 70 cm. long, 2·5 to 3 cm. broad, ensiform, acuminate, -acute, with a prominent midrib above and beneath, and with the lateral -veins distinct, with a cartilaginous margin which is sometimes very -minutely denticulate, glabrous. _Spike_ ·3 to almost 1 m. long, up to -15-flowered. _Outer spathe_ 8 cm. long, 2·1 cm. broad, ovate, acuminate, -acute, closely nerved, glabrous; inner spathe 6 cm. long, 1·8 cm. broad, -ovate, acute, 2-keeled, glabrous (in the flowering stage spathes are -smaller). _Perianth-tube_ 4 cm. long, 1 cm. in diameter above, yellow on -the posterior side, red on anterior side. _Upper lobe_ 5·5 cm. long, 3·2 -cm. broad, obovate, narrowed to the base, shortly cuspidate; side lobes -4·5 cm. long, 3·5 cm. broad, ovate, obtuse; lower lateral lobes 3 cm. -long, 1·5 cm. broad, elliptic, narrowed to the base, acuminate, acute; -lowest petal 3·5 cm. long, 1·8 cm. broad, elliptic narrowed to the base, -cuspidate at the apex. _Anthers_ 1·6 cm. long, linear, sagittate at the -base. _Style_ 7 cm. long, terete, glabrous; lobes 6 cm. long, spatulate, -papillose on the margins. _Young fruit_ 4·5 cm. long, 3-angled. _Seeds_ -winged. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2711.) - - PLATE 116.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; 2, longitudinal section of - flower; 3, outer bract; 4, inner bract; 5, anther with part of - filament; 6, stigmas with part of style; 7, young fruit; 8, seed. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _117._ - -S. Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 117. - -VENIDIUM MACROCEPHALUM. - -_S.W. Africa._ - -COMPOSITAE. Tribe ARCTOTIDEAE. - -VENIDIUM, _Less._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 459. - -=Venidium macrocephalum=, _DC. Prodr._ vol. vi. p. 494; _Fl. Cap._ vol. -iii. p. 463; _Bot. Mag._ t. 8845. - - -Our illustration was made from plants raised at the Division of Botany, -Pretoria, from seed collected by Dr. J. M. Troup at Aus in South-west -Africa. The plant flowers freely and makes a splendid display, and as a -garden plant for supplying cut flowers it is well worth cultivation. - -Seed was sent by the Chief of the Division of Botany to Kew in 1918, and -the plants raised were figured in the _Botanical Magazine_ (t. 8845). -Mr. J. Hutchinson, who drew up the description for the _Botanical -Magazine_, gives as his reason for retaining this genus separate from -_Arctotis_ (see Plate 3) that the latter has a well-developed double -pappus, whereas in _Venidium_ the pappus is either absent or very -rudimentary. - -The species of _Venidium_, in common with many species of _Gazania_, -_Arctotis_ and _Dimorphotheca_, are collectively known as “Gous Bloom.” - -DESCRIPTION:--A herbaceous sticky plant with radicle leaves. _Leaves_ 16 -to 19 cm. long lyrate; the uppermost lobe 7 to 8 cm. long, 2·5 to 5 cm. -broad, the margins lobed with broad oblong lobes, with three main veins, -distinct above and prominent beneath, cobwebby on both surfaces; lower -lobes 1 to 2·5 cm. long; ·7 to 1·3 broad, oblong, obtuse, cobwebby above -and beneath; petiole flat above, convex beneath, with three distinct -keels, scantily cobwebby; cauline leaves 2 to 9 cm. long, pinnatilobed, -eared and somewhat clasping at the base. _Stems_ up to 33 cm. long, -terete, ribbed, covered with long glandular hairs. _Heads_ solitary at -ends of stems, 8 to 9 cm. in diameter when fully expanded. _Involucral -bracts_ in 4 rows; outermost 8 mm. long, acuminate from a broad base, -green, covered with long glandular hairs; innermost 1·2 cm. long, -glabrous, membranous. _Receptacle_ 1·5 cm. in diameter, honeycombed, the -margins of the cells membranous and produced into long awns. -_Ray-floret_ female, lemon-chrome, orange at base. _Tube_ 3 mm. long, -cylindric; lobe 3·5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, lanceolate, minutely -3-toothed at the apex, 2-keeled beneath; at throat of tube are four -minute black structures representing reduced corolla lobes. _Pappus_ -less than ·5 mm. membranous. _Ovary_ 1 mm. long; style 4 mm. long, -terete, thickened below the lobes; lobes 1 mm. long, oblong, obtuse. -_Disc-florets_ hermaphrodite. _Corolla-tube_ 3 mm. long, 1·25 mm. in -diameter above, slightly narrower at the base, sparsely glandular; lobes -1·5 mm. long, linear, obtuse. _Anthers_ black, 2·25 mm. long, blunt at -base. _Ovary_ and pappus similar to those of ray-florets; style thin for -the first 3 mm., then suddenly much thickened in the upper 2 mm. of its -length; lobes ·5 mm. long, oblong, obtuse. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. -2599.) - - PLATE 117.--Fig. 1, basal leaf reduced; 2, outer involucral bract; - 3, inner involucral bract; 4, longitudinal section through - receptacle; 5, surface view of part of receptacle; 6, ray-floret; - 7, stigmas and portion of style of ray-floret; 8, disc-floret; 9, - stigmas and portion of style of disc-floret; 10, fruit. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _118._ - -S Gower del] - - - - -PLATE 118. - -LONCHOSTOMA MONOSTYLIS. - -_Cape Province._ - -BRUNIACEAE. - -LONCHOSTOMA, _Wickstr._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 673. - -=Lonchostoma monostylis=, _Sond. in Harv. et Sond. Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. -p. 317. - - -This member of the family _Bruniaceae_ differs from that previously -figured (_Brunia Stokoei_, Plate 92) in having a tubular corolla. In -this respect it is also unique in the family. The genus is a small one, -comprising only four known species. - -Ecklon and Zeyher collected this plant in the Palmiet River Valley, and -since then it has not been recorded until recently, when Mr. T. P. -Stokoe gathered it in the same locality. He sent fresh specimens to the -Division of Botany, and from these the plate was made. - -_Lonchostoma monostylis_ is a graceful plant with long, thin, erect -stems, at the apex of which the flowers are borne. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stems_ simple or sometimes branched above, 40 to 50 cm. -long, almost woolly, at length becoming glabrous. _Leaves_ erect, -adpressed to the branches and almost hiding them, 5 to 6 mm. long, 1·5 -to 2 mm. broad, elliptic, obtuse, with a small black mucro, concave, -pubescent without, glabrous within, long ciliate. _Flower-heads_ -terminal, 1·3 cm. in diameter, about 14-flowered. _Bracteoles_ 5 mm. -long, 1 mm. broad at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with a long -black mucro, membranous long pilose and ciliate. _Sepals_ similar to the -bracteoles. _Corolla-tube_, 3 mm. long, glabrous; lobes 6 mm. long, 3 to -3·5 mm. broad, obovate, shortly acuminate, obtuse. _Anthers_ subsessile, -1·5 mm. long, linear, sagittate at the base. _Ovary_ 1 mm. long, -globose, pilose; style 2 mm. long, terete, glabrous; stigma minutely -bifid. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2600.) - - PLATE 118.--Fig. 1, corolla laid open; 2, bract and bracteole; 3, - leaf and calyx; 4, anther; 5, pistil; 6, cross-section of ovary. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _119._ - -S Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 119. - -EULOPHIA ZEYHERI. - -_Cape Province, Transvaal, Natal, Basutoland._ - -ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe VANDEAE. - -EULOPHIA, _R. Br._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 535. - -=Eulophia Zeyheri=, _Hook. f. Bot. Mag._ t. 7330; _Bolus Ic. Orch. -Austr.-Afr._ ii. t. 24; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. iii. p. 43. - - -This pretty little orchid is quite a common plant in the grass veld -during the summer months, and has been extensively gathered by botanical -collectors, though strangely enough it is not generally met with in -gardens. It has been known to botanists for about sixty years, but under -the name _E. bicolor_, until Sir Joseph Hooker in 1893 pointed out that -this name had already been assigned to another species in the genus, and -published the present name _E. Zeyheri_. - -The tubers resemble a string of large beads, and send out leaves and -roots from the constrictions between the swollen portions. The plant has -been successfully grown in Gloucestershire, England, by the late Mr. H. -J. Elwes, and should certainly receive the attention of South African -cultivators. - -Our illustration was made from specimens collected by Dr. I. B. Pole -Evans, C.M.G., at Irene, near Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--An acaulescent herb with large underground fleshy tubers 7 -cm. long, about 5 cm. in diameter, and thick cylindric roots arising -from the junction of the tuber and short stem. _Leaves_ three to four to -a plant, 19 to 30 cm. long, 1·5 to 3 cm. broad, lanceolate linear, -subacuminate, acute, plicate, with the primary nerves prominent beneath, -glabrous. _Inflorescence_ lateral, racemose, about 26-flowered. -_Peduncle_ about 30 cm. long, surrounded by brown membranous sheaths 8 -to 9 cm. long. _Floral-bracts_ 4 cm. long, linear, acuminate, acute. -_Pedicels_ about 6 mm. long. _Sepals_ 2·8 cm. long, 1·1 cm. broad, -ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, acute, the upper sepal slightly -narrower. _Side petals_ 2·6 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, lanceolate, acute. -_Lip_ 3 cm. long, 1·3 cm. broad, 3-lobed; the middle lobe, obovate, -obtuse, sparsely covered with short filaments and produced at the base -into 2 keels; side lobes deep purple, 8 mm. long, 9 mm. broad, -ovate-oblong, obtuse, unequal sided; spur 5 mm. long, slightly curved, -terete, blunt. _Column_ 1 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, oblong, convex on the -back, deeply concave on the face. _Operculum_ ovate; pollinia ovate, -attached to a single gland. _Stigma_ kidney-shaped. (National Herb. -Pretoria, No. 2650.) - - PLATE 119.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; 2, bract; 3, median - longitudinal section of flower; 4, sepal; 5, side petal; 6, 7, lip; - 8, column. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - -[Illustration: _120._ - -S Gower del.] - - - - -PLATE 120. - -HESSEA REHMANNI. - -_Transvaal._ - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLIDEAE. - -HESSEA, _Herb._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 720. - -=Hessea Rehmanni=, _Baker, Hanb. Amaryllid._ 22; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 190. - - -This species differs from the one we previously figured (_H. Zeyheri_, -Plate 43) in not having a short perianth-tube above the ovary. The -species here figured is evidently quite common in some localities in the -High Veld, growing amongst the grass, but has not been extensively -collected. Rehmann first found the plant on which Baker based his -description, and it has since been found by Miss Saunders and Mr. E. E. -Galpin near Johannesburg. Our illustration was made from specimens -collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at Kaalfontein, between -Pretoria and Johannesburg. - -Baker in his description mentions that the pedicels are strongly angled, -but we suspect that is solely due to drying, as in the fresh material -the pedicels are quite terete. - -Like many other plants belonging to the _Amaryllidaceae_, the seeds may -commence germination before falling from the capsule. - -As far as we are aware the species has no common name, and we would -suggest “wit sambrieltje” for this little plant. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ 1·8 cm. long, 1·5 cm. in diameter, globose, covered -with papery tunics and produced into a neck about 1 to 1·5 cm. long. -_Leaves_ usually one, more rarely two, 9 cm. long, filiform, quite -terete or with a shallow channel, glabrous. _Peduncle_ 15 cm. long, -terete, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ a centripetal umbel of about nine -flowers. _Spathe-valves_ 2 mm. long, ovate, acute. _Pedicels_ 8 mm. -long, terete, glabrous. _Perianth-segments_ 8 mm. long, 1·5 mm. broad, -linear, much crisped, with 3 segments minutely and bluntly apiculate and -with papillae at the apex. _Filaments_ attached to base of -perianth-segments, 5 mm. long, terete; anthers 1 mm. long, orbicular, -basifixed. _Ovary_ 2·5 mm. in diameter, globose, glabrous with a single -ovule in each cell; style 7 mm. long, terete; stigmas 3, papillose. -(National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2713.) - - PLATE 120.--Fig. 1, section of part of leaf showing shallow - channel; 2, involucral bract; 3, median longitudinal section of - flower; 4, perianth segment; 5, anther; 6, style and stigmas; 7, - fruit. - - F.P.S.A., 1923. - - - - -INDEX TO VOLUME III, - - - PLATE - -ADENIA DIGITATA, 113 - -ADENIUM OLEIFOLIUM, 105 - -ALOE COMOSA, 107 - -ALOE MICROCANTHA, 111 - -ALOE SAPONARIA, 96 - -ALOE VARIEGATA, 86 - -BRACHICORYTHIS PUBESCENS, 103 - -BRUNIA STOKOEI, 92 - -CERATOTHECA TRILOBA, 87 - -CHRYSOPHYLLUM MAGALISMONTANUM, 98 - -CLEMATOPSIS STANLEYI, 81 - -CRASSULA CONGESTA, 115 - -CRATEROSTIGMA PLANTAGINEUM, 106 - -CYRTANTHUS HELICTUS, 99 - -DICOMA ZEYHERI, 88 - -ERYTHRINA HUMEANA, 112 - -EULOPHIA ZEYHERI, 119 - -GERBERA PLANTAGINEA, 85 - -GLADIOLUS PSITTACINUS, 116 - -GREYIA RADLKOFERI, 101 - -HESSEA REHMANNI, 120 - -HOODIA BAINII, 93 - -HYOBANCHE FULLERI, 89 - -LACHENALIA ROODEAE, 91 - -LEUCOSPERMUM CORDATUM, 95 - -LONCHOSTOMA MONOSTYLIS, 118 - -MACKAYA BELLA, 104 - -MESEMBRYANTHEMUM DIGITATUM, 102 - -MESEMBRYANTHEMUM PILLANSII, 110 - -MIMETES HOTTENTOTICA, 82 - -PROTEA COMPACTA, 84 - -PROTEA PITYPHYLLA var. LATIFOLIA, 108 - -PROTEA STOKOEI, 100 - -ROMULEA AUSTINII, 90 - -SENECIO MEDLEY-WOODII, 83 - -SYNNOTIA METELERKAMPIAE, 97 - -TRIASPIS NELSONI, 109 - -TRITONIA MATHEWSIANA, 94 - -VENIDIUM MACROCEPHALUM, 117 - -WACHENDORFIA PANICULATA, 114 - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH -AFRICA; VOL. 3/3 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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