path: root/old/pgwr04.txt

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<centered><point16>R.</point16></centered>

<hw>R</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>R, the eighteenth letter of English
alphabet, is a vocal consonant.  It is sometimes called a
<xex>semivowel</xex>, and a <xex>liquid</xex>. See <xex>Guide to
Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/ 178, 179, and 250-254.</def>
\'bd<xex>R</xex> is the dog's letter and hurreth in the
sound.\'b8

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<note>    In words derived from the Greek language the letter
<xex>h</xex> is generally written after <xex>r</xex> to represent
the aspirated sound of the Greek <grk>"r</grk>, but does not
affect the pronunciation of the English word, as
<xex>rhapsody</xex>, <xex>rhetoric</xex>.

    The English letter derives its form from the Greek through
the Latin, the Greek letter derived from the Phoenician, which,
it is believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically,
R is most closely related to <it>l</it>, <it>s</it>, and
<it>n</it>; as in bando<it>r</it>e, mando<it>l</it>e;
purp<it>l</it>e, L. purpu<it>r</it>a; E. chapte<it>r</it>, F.
chapit<it>r</it>e, L. capitu<it>l</it>um; E. wa<it>s</it>,
we<it>r</it>e; ha<it>r</it>e, G. ha<it>s</it>e; E.
orde<it>r</it>, F. ord<it>r</it>e, L. ordo, ordi<it>n</it>is; E.
coffe<it>r</it>, coffi<it>n.</it>
</note>

<cs><col>The three Rs</col>, <cd>a jocose expression for reading,
(w)riting, and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an
education.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A roe; a deer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ra-</hw>. <def>A prefix, from the Latin <xex>re</xex> and
<xex>ad</xex> combined, coming to us through the French and
Italian. See <er>Re-</er> and <er>Ad-</er>.</def>

<hw>Raash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ar.
<ets>ra'ash</ets> trembling, tremor.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The electric catfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>raasch</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rod or stick used
by masons in mixing hair with mortar.</def>

<hw>Rab"at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rabot</er>.]</ety> <def>A polishing material made of potter's
clay that has failed in baking.</def>

<hw>Ra*bate"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rabattre</ets> to beat down; pref. <ets>re-</ets> +
<ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>, and cf. <er>Rebate</er>,
<pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To recover to the
fist, as a hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rab"a*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rabato</er>.]</ety> <def>A collar or cape.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<hw>Ra*ba"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rabat</ets>, fr. <ets>rabattre</ets>. See
<er>Rabate</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of ruff for the neck; a
turned-down collar; a rebato.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rab*bate"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rabate</er>.]</ety> <def>To abate or diminish.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <xex>-n</xex>. Abatement.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rab"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rabbeted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rabbeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>raboter</ets> to plane, plane down,<ets>rabot</ets> a plane;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>abouter</ets>,
<ets>aboter</ets>. See <er>Abut</er>, and cf.
<er>Rebut</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut a rabbet in; to
furnish with a rabbet.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a
rabbet joint.</def>

<hw>Rab"bet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rabbet</er>
<pos>v.<pos>, and cf. <er>Rebate</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A longitudinal channel,
groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of any body;
especially, one intended to receive another member, so as to
break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the members in
place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of glass, or
for a door, is a <xex>rabbet</xex>, or rebate.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <xex>Rabbet joint</xex>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Rabbet joint</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a joint
formed by fitting together rabbeted boards or timbers: -- called
also <altname>rabbet</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rabbet plane</col>,
<cd>a joiner's plane for cutting a rabbet.</cd>
<au>Moxon.</au></cs>

<hw>Rab"bi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rabbis</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> or <plw>Rabbies</plw></plu>.
<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>rab\'c6</ets> my master, from
<ets>rab</ets> master, lord, teacher, akin to Ar.
<ets>rabb</ets>.]</ety> <def>Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish
title of respect or honor for a teacher or doctor of the
law.</def> \'bdThe gravest <xex>rabbies</xex>.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>Be not ye called <qex>Rabbi</qex>, for one is your Master,
even Christ, and all ye are brethren.</q>
<qau> Matt. xxiii. 8.</qau>

<hw>Rab"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>Same as <er>Rabbi</er>.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rab*bin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rab*bin"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rabbinique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the
rabbins, or pertaining to be opinions, learning, or language of
the rabbins.</def> \'bdComments staler than
<xex>rabbinic</xex>.\'b8

<au>Lowell.</au>

<q>We will not buy your <qex>rabbinical</qex> fumes.</q>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Rab*bin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language
or dialect of the rabbins; the later Hebrew.</def>

<hw>Rab*bin"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rabbinical
manner; after the manner of the rabbins.</def>

<hw>Rab"bin*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rabbinisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rabbinic
expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the language of the
rabbins.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The teachings and traditions of the
rabbins.</def>

<hw>Rab"bin*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rabbiniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One among the Jews who adhered
to the Talmud and the traditions of the rabbins, in opposition to
the <xex>Karaites</xex>, who rejected the traditions.</def>

<hw>Rab"bin*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rabbinist</er>.</def>

<hw>Rab"bit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>abet</ets>, akin to OD. <ets>robbe</ets>,
<ets>robbeken</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any of the
smaller species of the genus Lepus, especially the common
European species (<spn>Lepus cuniculus</spn>), which is often
kept as a pet, and has been introduced into many countries. It is
remarkably prolific, and has become a pest in some parts of
Australia and New Zealand.</def>

<note><hand/ The common American rabbit (<spn>L. sylvalica</spn>)
is similar but smaller. See <er>Cottontail</er>, and <cref>Jack
rabbit</cref>, under 2d <er>Jack</er>. The larger species of
Lepus are commonly called <xex>hares</xex>. See
<er>Hare</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Angora rabbit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety
of the domestic rabbit having long, soft fur.</cd> -- <col>Rabbit
burrow</col>, <cd>a hole in the earth made by rabbits for shelter
and habitation.</cd> -- <col>Rabbit fish</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The northern chim\'91ra
(<spn>Chim\'91ra monstrosa</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one
of several species of plectognath fishes, as the bur fish, and
puffer. The term is also locally applied to other fishes.</cd> --
<col>Rabbits' ears</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Cyclamen</er>.</cd><-- a type of antenna with two long narrow
metal prongs, usually arranged so as to remeniscent of erect
rabbit's ears.  --> -- <col>Rabbit warren</col>, <cd>a piece of
ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of rabbits.
<au>Wright</au>.</cd> -- <col>Rock rabbit</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daman</er>, and
<er>Klipdas</er>.</cd> -- <col>Welsh rabbit</col>, <cd>a dish of
which the chief constituents are toasted bread and toasted
cheese, prepared in various ways. The name is said to be a
corruption of <altname>Welsh rare bit</altname>, but perhaps it
is merely a humorous designation.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rab"bit*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hunting of
rabbits.</def>

<au>T. Hughes.</au>

<hw>Rab"bit*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place
where rabbits are kept; especially, a collection of hutches for
tame rabbits.</def>

<hw>Rab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>An iron bar, with
the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the
process of pudding.</def>

<hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stir with a rabble, as
molten iron.</def>

<hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D.
<ets>rabbelen</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>rabbeln</ets>, to prattle, to
chatter: cf. L. <ets>rabula</ets> a brawling advocate, a
pettifogger, fr. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave. Cf.
<er>Rage</er>]</ety> <def>To speak in a confused manner.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably named from the
noise made by it (see <er>Rabble</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>) cf. D.
<ets>rapalje</ets> rabble, OF. & Prov. F.
<ets>rapaille</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tumultuous crowd
of vulgar, noise people; a mob; a confused, disorderly
throng.</def>

<q>I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of
the prince, a great <qex>rabble</qex> of mean and light
persons.</q>
<qau>Ascham.</qau>

<q>Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars and the whole
<qex>rabble</qex> of licentious deities.</q>
<qau> Bp. Warburton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of
voices; a chatter.</def>

<cs><col>The rabble</col>, <cd>the lowest class of people,
without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people.
\'bd<xex>The rabble<xex> call him \'bflord.'\'b8</cd></cs>

<au>Shak</au>.

<hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a
rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; disorderly; vulgar.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Rab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rabbled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rabbling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; <as>as, to
<ex>rabble</ex> a curate</as>.</def>

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<q>The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates them
selves <qex>rabbled</qex> on their way to the house.</q>
<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth
without intelligence.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rumple; to crumple.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Rab"ble*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
tumultuous crowd of low people; a rabble.</def> \'bdRude
<xex>rablement</xex>.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>And still, as he refused it, the <qex>rabblement</qex>
hooted.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rab"blor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d
<er>Rabble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A scraping tool
for smoothing metal.</def>

<hw>Rab"ble-rout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy throng.</def>

<hw>Rab*doid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a
rod + <ets>-oid + -al</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Sagittal</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rhabdoidal</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rab*dol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
rod, stick + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rabdologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The method or art of
performing arithmetical operations by means of Napier's bones.
See <er>Napier's bones</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rhabdology</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rab"do*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
rod + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of rods
or wands.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rhabdomancy</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Rab"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>rabidus</ets>, from <ets>rabere</ets> to rave. See
<er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Furious;
raging; extremely violent.</def>

<q>The <qex>rabid</qex> flight
Of winds that ruin ships.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion;
excessively zealous; <as>as, a <ex>rabid</ex>
socialist</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Affected with the distemper called
<xex>rabies</xex>; mad; <as>as, a <ex>rabid</ex> god or
fox</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rabies, or
hydrophobia; <as>as, <ex>rabid</ex> virus</as>.</def>

<hw>Ra*bid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rabidness;
furiousness.</def>

<hw>Rab"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rabid
manner; with extreme violence.</def>

<hw>Rab"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being rabid.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra"bi*es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety> <def>Same as
<er>Hydrophobia</er> <sd>(b)</sd>; canine madness.</def>

<hw>Rab"i*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of small ordnance
formerly in use.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rabanet</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Ainsworth.</au>

<hw>Ra"bi*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fierce.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Daniel.</au>

<hw>Ra"bot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble to be
polished.</def>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ra"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
from Chaldee <ets>r<emac/k\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A term of
reproach used by the Jews of our Savior's time, meaning
\'bdworthless.\'b8</def>

<q>Whosoever shall say to his brother, <qex>Raca</qex>, shall be
in danger of the council.</q>
<qau>Matt. v. 22.</qau>

<hw>\'d8Ra`ca`hout"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>racahout</ets>, probably fr. Ar.
<ets>r\'beqaut</ets>.]</ety> <def>A preparation from acorns used
by the Arabs as a substitute for chocolate, and also as a
beverage for invalids.</def>

<hw>Rac*coon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>raton</ets>, prop., a little rat, fr. <ets>rat</ets> rat,
perhaps of German origin. See <er>Rat</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North American nocturnal carnivore
(<spn>Procyon lotor</spn>) allied to the bears, but much smaller,
and having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its
body is gray, varied with black and white. Called also
<altname>coon</altname>, and <altname>mapach</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Raccoon dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
tanate.</cd> -- <col>Raccoon fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the cacomixle.</cd></cs>

<hw>Race</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To raze.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<-- p. 1182 -->

<hw>Race</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>ra\'8bz</ets>, L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>. See
<er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <def>A root.</def> \'bdA <xex>race</xex>
or two of ginger.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><col>Race ginger</col>, <cd>ginger in the root, or not
pulverized.</cd></cs>

<hw>Race</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>race</ets>; cf. Pr. &
Sp. <ets>raza</ets>, It. <ets>razza</ets>; all from OHG.
<ets>reiza</ets> line, akin to E. <ets>write</ets>. See
<er>Write</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The descendants of a common ancestor; a family,
tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the
same stock; a lineage; a breed.</def>

<q>The whole <qex>race</qex> of mankind.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Whence the long <qex>race</qex> of Alban fathers come.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<note><hand/ Naturalists and ehnographers divide mankind into
several distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to
three, Pritchard enumerates seven, Agassiz eight, Pickering
describes eleven. One of the common classifications is that of
Blumenbach, who makes five races: the <xex>Caucasian</xex>, or
white race, to which belong the greater part of the European
nations and those of Western Asia; the <xex>Mongolian</xex>, or
yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the
<xex>Ethiopian</xex>, or negro race, occupying most of Africa
(except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands;
the <xex>American</xex>, or red race, comprising the Indians of
North and South America; and the <xex>Malayan</xex>, or brown
race, which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc.
Many recent writers classify the Malay and American races as
branches of the Mongolian. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in
Appendix.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Company; herd; breed.</def>

<q>For do but note a wild and wanton herd,
Or <qex>race</qex> of youthful and unhandled colts,
Fetching mad bounds.</q>
<qau>Shak</qau>.

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of such fixed
character that it may be propagated by seed.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine;
that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin
or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor; smack.</def>
\'bdA <xex>race</xex> of heaven.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Is it [the wine] of the right <qex>race</qex> ?</q>
<qau>Massinqer.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, characteristic quality or
disposition</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>And now I give my sensual <qex>race</qex> the rein.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Some . . . great <qex>race</qex> of fancy or judgment.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring;
progeny; issue.</syn>

<hw>Race</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ras</ets>,
<ets>res</ets>, <ets>rees</ets>, AS. <ets>r<aemac/s</ets> a rush,
running; akin to Icel. <ets>r\'bes</ets> course, race.
<root/118.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A progress; a course; a
movement or progression.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a
running.</def>

<q>The flight of many birds is swifter than the <qex>race</qex>
of any beasts.</q>
<qau> Bacon.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence: The act or process of running in
competition; a contest of speed in any way, as in running,
riding, driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural,
usually, a meeting for contests in the running of horses; <as>as,
he attended the <ex>races</ex></as>.</def>

<q>The <qex>race</qex> is not to the swift.</q>
<qau>Eccl. ix. 11.</qau>

<q>I wield the gauntlet, and I run the <qex>race</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Competitive action of any kind, especially when
prolonged; hence, career; course of life.</def>

<q>My <qex>race</qex> of glory run, and <qex>race</qex> of
shame.</q>
<qau> Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A strong or rapid current of water, or the
channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or
heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides;
<as>as, the Portland <ex>Race</ex>; the <ex>Race</ex> of
Alderney.</as></def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>The current of water that turns a water wheel,
or the channel in which it flows; a mill race.</def>

<note><hand/ The part of the channel above the wheel is sometimes
called the <xex>headrace</xex>, the part below, the
<xex>tailrace</xex>.</note>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A channel or guide along
which a shuttle is driven back and forth, as in a loom, sewing
machine, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Race cloth</col>, <cd>a cloth worn by horses in racing,
having pockets to hold the weights prescribed.</cd> -- <col>Race
course</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The path, generally circular or
elliptical, over which a race is run</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same
as <cref>Race way</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Race cup</col>,
<cd>a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race.</cd> --
<col>Race glass</col>, <cd>a kind of field glass.</cd> --
<col>Race horse</col>.  <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A horse that runs in
competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running
races</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A breed of horses remarkable for
swiftness in running</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> The
<cd>steamer duck</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A
mantis.</cd> -- <col>Race knife</col>, <cd>a cutting tool with a
blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on
boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding.</cd>
-- <col>Race saddle</col>, <cd>a light saddle used in
racing.</cd> -- <col>Race track</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Race
course</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col>Race way</col>,
<cd>the canal for the current that drives a water
wheel.</cd></cs>

<hw>Race</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Raced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Racing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
run swiftly; to contend in a race; <as>as, the animals
<ex>raced</ex> over the ground; the ships <ex>raced</ex> from
port to port.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Steam Mach.)</fld> <def>To run too fast at
times, as a marine engine or screw, when the screw is lifted out
of water by the action of a heavy sea.</def>

<hw>Race</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
contend in race; to drive at high speed; <as>as, to <ex>race</ex>
horses</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To run a race with.</def>

<hw>Ra*ce"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of racemic acid.</def>

<hw>Rac`e*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>racematio</ets> a gleaning, fr. <ets>racemari</ets> to
glean, <ets>racemus</ets> a cluster of grapes. See
<er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cluster or bunch, as
of grapes.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cultivation or gathering of clusters of
grapes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ra*ceme"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>racemus</ets> a bunch of berries, a cluster of grapes. See
<er>Raisin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flower cluster
with an elongated axis and many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as
in the currant and chokecherry.</def>

<cs><col>Compound raceme</col>, <cd>one having the lower pedicels
developed into secondary racemes.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ra*cemed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.</def>

<hw>Ra*ce"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rac\'82mique</ets>. See <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
found in many kinds of grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric
acid, with which it is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by
oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline substance, consisting
of a combination of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric
acids.</def>

<au>Gregory.</au>

<hw>Rac`e*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>racemifer</ets> bearing clusters; <ets>racemus</ets> cluster
+ <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F.
<ets>rac\'82mif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Bearing racemes, as the currant.</def>

<hw>Ra*cem"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the form of a raceme.</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<hw>Rac"e*mose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>racemosus</ets> full of clusters.]</ety> <def>Resembling a
raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; <as>as,
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ex>racemose</ex> berries or flowers;
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> the <ex>racemose</ex> glands, in which the
ducts are branched and clustered like a raceme</as>.</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<hw>Rac"e*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rac\'82meux</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Racemose</er>.</def>

<hw>Rac"e*mule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A little raceme.</def>

<hw>Ra*cem"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in very small racemes.</def>

<hw>Ra"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race
horse.</def>

<q>And bade the nimblest <qex>racer</qex> seize the prize.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common American black
snake.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the circular iron or
steel rails on which the chassis of a heavy gun is turned.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rach</hw>, <hw>Rache</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.<ets>r\'91cc</ets>; akin to Icel.
<ets>rakki</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dog that
pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the
greyhound.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ra"chi*al"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ backbone + <?/ pain.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A painful affection of the spine;
especially, Pott's disease; also, formerly, lead colic.</def>

<hw>Ra*chid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rachis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as
<er>Rhachidian</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra*chil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Rhachilla</er>.</def>

<hw>Ra"chi*o*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachiodont</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra"chis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Rachises</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Rachides</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ <?/.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>rhachis</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spine; the vertebral column.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Rhachis</er>.</def>

<hw>Ra*chit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rachitique</ets>. See <er>Rachitis</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by
rachitis; rickety.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra*chi"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/, <?/, the spine.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>rhachitis</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Literally, inflammation of the spine, but
commonly applied to the rickets. See <er>Rickets</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease which produces
abortion in the fruit or seeds.</def>

<au>Henslow.</au>

<hw>Ra"chi*tome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
Gr. <?/, <?/, the spine + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>A dissecting
instrument for opening the spinal canal.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>rachiotome</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ra"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a race or family of men; <as>as, the
<ex>racial</ex> complexion</as>.</def>

<hw>Ra"ci*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a racy
manner.</def>

<hw>Ra"ci*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor.</def>

<q>The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were
perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always
simple, and <qex>raciness</qex> often elegant.</q>
<qau> London Times.</qau>

<hw>Ra"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Race</er>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos></def>

<cs><col>Racing crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
ocypodian.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
Arrack.</def>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hracca</ets> neck,
hinder part of the head; cf. AS. <ets>hraca</ets> throat, G.
<ets>rachen</ets> throat, E. <ets>retch</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.</def>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Wreck</er>.]</ety>
<def>A wreck; destruction.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in a few
phrases.]</mark>

<cs><col>Rack and ruin</col>, <cd>destruction; utter ruin.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To go to rack</col>, <cd>to
perish; to be destroyed. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdAll <xex>goes
to rack<xex>.\'b8 <au>Pepys</au>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. Icel. <ets>rek</ets>
drift, motion, and akin to <ets>reka</ets> to drive, and E.
<ets>wrack</ets>, <ets>wreck</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating
vapor in the sky.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above,
which we call the <qex>rack</qex>, . . . pass without noise.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<q>And the night <qex>rack</qex> came rolling up.</q>
<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fly, as vapor or broken
clouds.</def>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Racked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Racking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Rack</er> that which
stretches, or <er>Rock</er>, <pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <def>To amble
fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace;
-- said of a horse.</def>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fast amble.</def>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>vin
raqu\'82</ets> squeezed from the dregs of the grapes.]</ety>
<def>To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.</def>

<q>It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees
(which we call <qex>racking</qex>), whereby it will clarify much
the sooner.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<cs><col>Rack vintage</col>, <cd>wine cleansed and drawn from the
lees.</cd> <au>Cowell</au>.</cs>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr. D.<ets>rek</ets>,
<ets>rek</ets>bank, a rack, <ets>rekken</ets> to stretch; akin to
G. <ets>reck</ets>, <ets>reck</ets>bank, a rack,
<ets>recken</ets> to stretch, Dan. <ets>r\'91kke</ets>, Sw.
<ets>r\'84cka</ets>, Icel. <ets>rekja</ets> to spread out, Goth.
<ets>refrakjan</ets> to stretch out; cf. L. <ets>porrigere</ets>,
Gr. <?/. <?/ Cf. <er>Right</er>, <pos>a.<pos>,
<er>Ratch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument or frame
used for stretching, extending, retaining, or displaying,
something.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An engine of
torture, consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was
gradually stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated;
-- formerly used judicially for extorting confessions from
criminals or suspected persons.</def>

<q>During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a
<qex>rack</qex> was introduced into the Tower, and was
occasionally used under the plea of political necessity.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for bending a bow</def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A grate on which bacon is laid</def>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A frame or device of various construction for
holding, and preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied
to beasts.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A frame on which articles are
deposited for keeping or arranged for display; as, a clothes
<xex>rack</xex>; a bottle <xex>rack</xex>, etc.</def>
<sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece or frame of wood,
having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes;
-- called also <altname>rack block</altname>. Also, a frame to
hold shot.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A frame or
table on which ores are separated or washed</def>. <sd>(h)</sd>
<def>A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain
on the stalk, or other bulky loads</def>. <sd>(i)</sd> <def>A
distaff</def>.

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A bar with teeth on its face,
or edge, to work with those of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is
to drive it or be driven by it.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is extorted; exaction.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir E. Sandys.</au>

<cs><col>Mangle rack</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Mangle</er>. <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Rack block</col>.
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See def. 1 <sd>(f)</sd>, above.</cd> --
<col>Rack lashing</col>, <cd>a lashing or binding where the rope
is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood
twisted around.</cd> -- <col>Rack rail</col>
<fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to
afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of locomotive for
climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain.</cd> --
<col>Rack saw</col>, <cd>a saw having wide teeth.</cd> --
<col>Rack stick</col>, <cd>the stick used in a rack lashing.</cd>
-- <col>To be on the rack</col>, <cd>to suffer torture, physical
or mental.</cd> -- <col>To live at rack and manger</col>, <cd>to
live on the best at another's expense.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To put to the rack</col>, <cd>to
subject to torture; to torment.</cd></cs>

<q>A fit of the stone <qex>puts</qex> a king<qex>to the
rack</qex>, and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest
subject.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<hw>Rack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain;
specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an
engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints.</def>

<q>He was <qex>racked</qex> and miserably tormented.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme
pain or anguish.</def>

<q>Vaunting aloud but <qex>racked</qex> with deep despair.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense;
hence, to harass, or oppress by extortion.</def>

<q>The landlords there shamefully <qex>rack</qex> their
tenants.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>They [landlords] <qex>rack</qex> a Scripture simile beyond the
true intent thereof.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<q>Try what my credit can in Venice do;
That shall be <qex>racked</qex> even to the uttermost.</q>
<qau> Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To wash on a rack, as metals
or ore.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To bind together, as two
ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To rack one's brains</col> <or/
<col>wits</col></mcol>, <cd>to exert them to the utmost for the
purpose of accomplishing something.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To torture; torment; rend; tear.</syn>

<hw>Rack"a*bones`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A very
lean animal, esp. a horse.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<hw>Rack"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who racks.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A horse that has a racking gait.</def>

<hw>Rack"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>raquette</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>raquets</ets>, It.
<ets>racchetta</ets>, which is perhaps for <ets>retichetta</ets>,
and fr. L. <ets>rete</ets> a net (cf. <er>Reticule</er>); or
perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. <ets>r\'beha</ets> the palm of the
hand (used at first to strike the ball), and OF.
<ets>rachette</ets>, <ets>rasquette</ets>, carpus, tarsus.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>racquet</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together,
forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of
catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and
is used for catching or striking a ball in tennis and similar
games.</def>

<q>Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and
ending in a <qex>racket</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bancroft.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A variety of the game of tennis played with
peculiar long-handled rackets; -- chiefly in the plural.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a
long and narrow frame of light wood.</def> <mark>[Canada]</mark>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man horse,
to enable him to step on marshy or soft ground.</def>

<cs><col>Racket court</col>, <cd>a court for playing the game of
rackets.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strike with, or as
with, a racket.</def>

<q>Poor man [is] <qex>racketed</qex> from one temptation to
another.</q>
<qau>Hewyt.</qau>

<hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. <ets>racaid</ets> a
noise, disturbance.]</ety><sd> 

<sn>1.</sn> <def>confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or
sport.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A carouse; any reckless dissipation.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>

<hw>Rack"et</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Racketed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Racketing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a
confused noise or racket.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To engage in noisy sport; to frolic.</def>

<au>Sterne.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To carouse or engage in dissipation.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>

<hw>Rack"et*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
makes, or engages in, a racket.</def>

<hw>Rack"ett</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old wind instrument
of the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys.</def>

<hw>Rack"et-tall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of humming
birds of the genus <spn>Steganura</spn>, having two of the tail
feathers very long and racket-shaped.</def>

<hw>Rack"et-talled`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having long and spatulate, or
racket-shaped, tail feathers.</def>

<hw>Rack"et*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making a
tumultuous noise.</def>

<hw>Rack"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Spun
yarn used in racking ropes.</def>

<hw>Rack"-rent`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rent of
the full annual value of the tenement, or near it; an excessive
or unreasonably high rent.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Rack"-rent`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To subject to
rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.</def>

<hw>Rack"-rent`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who is subjected to playing rack-rent.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who exacts rack-rent.</def>

<-- p. 1183 -->

<hw>Rack"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>An arm attached to a swinging notched
arc or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating
clock.</def>

<hw>Rack"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any
mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.</def>

<hw>Ra"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rakel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ra"cle*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rakelness</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ra`con`teur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A relater; a storyteller.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra*coon"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From a
native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The coypu.</def>

<hw>Ra*co"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>Racow</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a
sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.</def>

<hw>Rac"quet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Racket</er>.</def>

<hw>Ra"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Racier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Raciest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Race</er> a tribe, family.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a
strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct characteristic
taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.</def>

<q>The <qex>racy</qex> wine,
Late from the mellowing cask restored to light.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong
or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and
piquant; fresh and lively.</def>

<q>Our <qex>raciest</qex>, most idiomatic popular word.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>

<q>Burn's English, though not so <qex>racy</qex> as his Scotch,
is generally correct.</q>
<qau>H. Coleridge.</qau>

<q>The rich and <qex>racy</qex> humor of a natural converser
fresh from the plow.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Racy</er>, <er>Spicy</er>. <xex>Racy</xex> refers
primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are
supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown;
and hence we call a style or production <xex>racy</xex> when it
\'bdsmacks of the soil,\'b8 or has an uncommon degree of natural
freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language.
<xex>Spicy</xex>, when applied, has reference to a spirit and
pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It
does not, like <xex>racy</xex>, suggest native peculiarity. A
<xex>spicy</xex> article in a magazine; a <xex>spicy</xex>
retort. <xex>Racy</xex> in conversation; a <xex>racy</xex>
remark.</usage>

<q>Rich, <qex>racy</qex> verses, in which we
The soil from which they come, taste, smell, and see.</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>

<hw>Rad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> of <er>Read</er>, <er>Rede</er>.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rad"de</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Read</er>, <er>Rede</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>r\'84der</ets>, <ets>r\'84del</ets>, sieve, or perhaps E.
<ets>reed</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, flexible stick,
rod, or branch, which is interwoven with others, between upright
posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or fence.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called
also <altname>raddle hedge</altname>.</def>

<au>Todd.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument consisting of a woodmen bar, with
a row of upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep
the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it is wound
upon the beam of the loom.</def>

<hw>Rad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To interweave or twist
together.</def>

<q><qex>Raddling</qex> or working it up like basket work.</q>
<qau>De Foe.</qau>

<hw>Rad"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ruddle</er>.]</ety>
<def>A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical
processes; ruddle.</def> \'bdA <xex>ruddle</xex> of rouge.\'b8

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<hw>Rad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark or paint with, or
as with, raddle</def>.  \'bdWhitened and <qex>raddled</qex> old
women.\'b8</q>

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<hw>Rad"dock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ruddock.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Rade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raid.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ra`deau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A float; a raft.</def>

<q>Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock,
and behind it the <qex>radeau</qex> Thunderer.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>

<hw>Ra"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>radial</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or
rays; radiated; <as>as, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ex>radial</ex>
projections; <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ex>radial</ex> vessels or
canals; <fld>(Anat.)</fld> the <ex>radial</ex> artery</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Radial symmetry</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Symmetry</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Ra`di*a"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Radialia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See
<er>Radial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The
bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the radius
and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Radial
plates in the calyx of a crinoid.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
radial manner.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An arc of a
circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by
such an arc.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ra"di*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ra"di*an*cy</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; <as>as, the
<ex>radiance</ex> of the sun</as>.</def>

<q>Girt with omnipotence, with <qex>radiance</qex> crowned.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>What <qex>radiancy</qex> of glory,
What light beyond compare !</q>
<qau>Neale.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.</syn>

<hw>Ra"di*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radians</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>radiare</ets> to emit rays or beams, fr. <ets>radius</ets>
ray: cf. F. <ets>radiant</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>, <er>Ray</er>
a divergent line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Emitting or proceeding
as from a center; <mark>[U.S.]</mark> rays; radiating;
radiate.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or
heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting
a vivid light or splendor; <as>as, the <ex>radiant</ex>
sun</as>.</def>

<q>Mark what <qex>radiant</qex> state she spreads.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Beaming with vivacity and happiness; <as>as, a
<ex>radiant</ex> face</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Giving off rays; -- said of a
bearing; <as>as, the sun <ex>radiant</ex>; a crown
<ex>radiant</ex>.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a raylike appearance,
as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; --
said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers.</def>

<cs><col>Radiant energy</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>energy
given out or transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light
and radiant heat.</cd> -- <col>Radiant heat</col>, <cd>proceeding
in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the
manner of light, in distinction from heat <xex>conducted<xex> or
carried by intervening media.</cd> -- <col>Radiant point</col>.
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Radiant</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
3.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ra"di*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>
<def>The luminous point or object from which light emanates;
also, a body radiating light brightly.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A straight line proceeding
from a given point, or fixed pole, about which it is conceived to
revolve.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The point in the heavens at
which the apparent paths of shooting stars meet, when traced
backward, or whence they appear to radiate.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*ant*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
radiant manner; with glittering splendor.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>radiaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
radiate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ra`di*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p. See
<er>Radiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive
artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged
radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various
organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.</def>

<note><hand/ It includes the c<oe/lenterates and the echinoderms.
Formerly, the group was supposed to be a natural one, and was
considered one of the grand divisions of the animal
kingdom.</note>

<hw>Ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Radiated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Radiating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p.
p. of <ets>radiare</ets> to furnish with spokes or rays, to
radiate, fr. <ets>radius</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>, <er>Ray</er>
a divergent line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit rays; to be
radiant; to shine.</def>

<q>Virtues shine more clear
In them [kings], and <qex>radiant</qex> like the sun at noon.</q>
<qau>Howell.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To proceed in direct lines from a point or
surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat.</def>

<q>Light <qex>radiates</qex> from luminous bodies directly to our
eyes.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<hw>Ra"di*ate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit or
send out in direct lines from a point or points; <as>as, to
<ex>radiate</ex> heat</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or
brightness on; to irradiate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having rays or
parts diverging from a center; radiated; <as>as, a
<ex>radiate</ex> crystal</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having in a capitulum large
ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster,
daisy, etc.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the
Radiata.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One
of the Radiata.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; <as>as,
<ex>radiated</ex> heat</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii;
having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common
center or axis; <as>as, a <ex>radiated</ex> structure; a
<ex>radiated</ex> group of crystals.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the
Radiata.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*ate*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center.</def>

<hw>Ra"di-ate-veined`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the principal veins radiating, or
diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves
as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil
plant.</def>

<hw>Ra`di*at"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the marginal florets enlarged and
radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the
cornflower,</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<hw>Ra`di*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of radiating, or the state of being
radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy
brightness.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The shooting forth of anything from a point or
surface, like the diverging rays of light; <as>as, the
<ex>radiation</ex> of heat</as>.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
radiating; acting by radiation.</def>

<au>Tyndall.</au>

<hw>Ra"di*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially,
that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated
or diffused; <as>as, a stream <ex>radiator</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Rad"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>radicalis</ets> having roots, fr. <ets>radix</ets>,
<ets>-icis</ets>, a root. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the
root.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin;
reaching to the center, to the foundation to the ultimate sources
to the principles, or the like: original; fundamental;
thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; <as>as, <ex>radical</ex>
evils; <ex>radical</ex> reform; a <ex>radical</ex>
party.</as></def>

<q>The most determined exertions of that authority, against them,
only showed their <qex>radical</qex> independence.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Belonging to, or
proceeding from, the root of a plant; <as>as, <ex>radical</ex>
tubers or hairs</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Proceeding from a
rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground;
<as>as, the <ex>radical</ex> leaves of the dandelion and the
sidesaddle flower</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Relating, or belonging, to
the root, or ultimate source of derivation; <as>as, a
<ex>radical</ex> verbal form</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a radix
or root; <as>as, a <ex>radical</ex> quantity; a <ex>radical</ex>
sign. See below.</as></def>

<cs><col>Radical axis of two circles</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Radical pitch</col>,
<cd>the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable
begins. <au>Rush</au>.</cd> -- <col>Radical quantity</col>
<fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity to which the radical sign is
prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power
of the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd.</cd> --
<col>Radical sign</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the sign <root/
(originally the letter <xex>r<xex>, the initial of
<xex>radix<xex>, root), placed before any quantity, denoting that
its root is to be extracted; thus, <root/<it>a<it>, or
<root/(<it>a<it> + <it>b<it>). To indicate any other than the
square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus
<cuberoot/<it>a<it>, indicates the third or cube root of
<it>a.<it></cd> -- <col>Radical stress</col>
<fld>(Elocution)</fld>, <cd>force of utterance falling on the
initial part of a syllable or sound.</cd> -- <col>Radical
vessels</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>minute vessels which
originate in the substance of the tissues.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Primitive; original; natural; underived;
fundamental; entire.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Radical</er>,
<er>Entire</er>. These words are frequently employed as
interchangeable in describing some marked alternation in the
condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference
between them. A <xex>radical</xex> cure, reform, etc., is one
which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is
<xex>entire</xex>, in the sense that, by affecting the root, it
affects in a appropriate degree the <xex>entire</xex> body
nourished by the root; but it may not be <xex>entire</xex> in the
sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in
its extent. Hence, we speak of a <xex>radical</xex> change; a
<xex>radical</xex> improvement; <xex>radical</xex> differences of
opinion; while an <xex>entire</xex> change, an <xex>entire</xex>
improvement, an <xex>entire</xex> difference of opinion, might
indicate more than was actually intended. A certain change may be
both <xex>radical</xex> and <xex>entire</xex>, in every
sense.</usage>

<hw>Rad"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Philol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A primitive word; a radix,
root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to
the radix.</def>

<q>The words we at present make use of, and understand only by
common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding,
when you trace them to their <qex>radicals</qex>, where you find
every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning,
character, painting, and poetry.</q>
<qau>Cleland.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>One who advocates radical
changes in government or social institutions, especially such
changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed
to <xex>conservative</xex>.</def>

<q>In politics they [the Independents] were, to use phrase of
their own time. \'bdRoot-and-Branch men,\'b8 or, to use the
kindred phrase of our own, <qex>Radicals</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any
compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.</def>

<q>As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic
<qex>radicals</qex>, while the nonmetallic atoms are acid
<qex>radicals</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. P. Cooke.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not
completely saturated, which are so linked that their union
implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as
playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a
<altname>compound radical</altname>. Cf. <er>Residue</er>.

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A radical quantity. See under
<er>Radical</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>

<q>An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated
is not a <qex>radical</qex> but a rational quantity under a
radical form.</q>
<qau>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A radical vessel. See under
<er>Radical</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>

<hw>Rad"i*cal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>radicalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in
politics or social reform.</def>

<q><qex>Radicalism</qex> means root work; the uprooting of all
falsehoods and abuses.</q>
<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>

<hw>Rad`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Germinal principle; source; origination.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Radicalness; relation to root in essential to a
root in essential nature or principle.</def>

<hw>Rad"i*cal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root;
fundamentally; <as>as, a scheme or system <ex>radically</ex>
wrong or defective</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without derivation; primitively;
essentially.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>These great orbs thus <qex>radically</qex> bright.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<hw>Rad"i*cal*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being radical.</def>

<hw>Rad"i*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radicans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>radicant</ets>. See
<er>Radicate</er>, <pos>a.<pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem,
as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.</def>

<hw>Rad"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>radicari</ets> to take root,
fr. <ets>radix</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety>
<def>Radicated.</def>

<hw>Rad"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take
root; to become rooted.</def>

<au>Evelyn.</au>

<hw>Rad"i*cate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Radicated</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Radicating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to take
root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.</def>

<q>Time should . . . rather confirm and <qex>radicate</qex> in us
the remembrance of God's goodness.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>

<hw>Rad"i*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rooted</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having rootlike organs
for attachment.</def>

<hw>Rad`i*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>radication</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process of
taking root, or state of being rooted; <as>as, the
<ex>radication</ex> of habits</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The disposition of the roots
of a plant.</def>

<hw>Rad"i*cel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>radix</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small branch of
a root; a rootlet.</def>

<hw>Ra*dic`i*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root + <ets>flos</ets>,
<ets>floris</ets>, a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Rhizanthous.</def>

<hw>Ra*dic"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature or appearance of a radix
or root.</def>

<hw>Rad"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radicula</ets>, dim. of <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>,
root: cf. F. <ets>radicule</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rudimentary stem of a
plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which
the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the
caulicle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rootlet; a radicel.</def>

<hw>Ra*dic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
performance to roots, or the root of a plant.</def>

<hw>Rad"i*cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
radicle.</def>

<hw>Ra*dic"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing numerous radicles, or
rootlets.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos>
of <er>Radius</er>.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form indicating
<xex>connection with</xex>, or <xex>relation to</xex>, <xex>a
radius</xex> or <xex>ray</xex>; specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,
<xex>with the radius of the forearm</xex>; <as>as,
<ex>radio</ex>-ulnar, <ex>radio</ex>muscular,
<ex>radio</ex>carpal</as>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.
pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radiate</er>, and
<er>Flagellata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of
Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>A picture produced by the R\'94ntgen rays
upon a sensitive surface, photographic or fluorescent, especially
a picture of opaque objects traversed by the rays.</def><-- also
X-ray photo or X-ray -->

<-- p. 1184 -->

<hw>\'d8Ra`di*o*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Radioli</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or
shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project
from the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See
<er>Polycystina</er>.</def>

<hw>Ra`di*o*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Radiolaria.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Radiolaria.</def></def2>

<hw>\'d8Ra*di"o*li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;
<sing>sing. <singw>Radiolus</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>.
<ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>radius</ets> radius: cf. L.
<ets>radiolus</ets> a feeble sunbeam.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The barbs of the radii of a feather;
barbules.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radius</ets> ray + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>radiolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A
hippurite.</def>

<hw>Ra`di*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radius</ets> radius + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>radiom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>A forestaff.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument designed for
measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy.</def>

<note><hand/ It consists of a number of light discs, blackened on
one side, placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on an a
pivot in an exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light
or heat, the arms rotate.</note>

<hw>Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>micrometer</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A very sensitive modification or
application of the thermopile, used for indicating minute changes
of radiant heat, or temperature.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*o*phone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> +
Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An apparatus for
the production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal
rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone.</def>

<-- 2. a telephone using radio waves -->

<hw>Ra`di*oph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The art or practice of using the
radiophone.</def>

<hw>Ra"di*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radiosus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of rays,
and light.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Berkeley.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Radiating; radiant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>G. Fletcher.</au>

<hw>Rad"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>radis</ets>; cf. It. <ets>radice</ets>, Pr.
<ets>raditz</ets>: all fr. L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>,
a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E.
<ets>wort</ets>. See <er>Wort</er>, and cf. <er>Eradicate</er>,
<er>Race</er> a root, <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant
(<spn>Paphanus sativus</spn>); also, the whole plant.</def>

<cs><col>Radish fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small
two-winged fly (<spn>Anthomyia raphani</spn>) whose larv\'91
burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly.</cd> --
<col>Rat-tailed radish</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb
(<spn>Raphanus caudatus</spn>) having a long, slender pod, which
is sometimes eaten.</cd> -- <col>Wild radish</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the jointed charlock.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ra"di*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Radii</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; E. <plw>Radiuses</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a staff, rod, spoke of a wheel,
radius, ray. See <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A right line drawn or
extending from the center of a circle to the periphery; the
semidiameter of a circle or sphere.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The preaxial bone of the
forearm, or brachium, corresponding to the tibia of the hind
limb. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Artiodactyla</er>.</def>

<note><hand/ The radius is on the same side of the limb as the
thumb, or pollex, and in man it so articulated that its lower end
is capable of partial rotation about the ulna.</note>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A ray, or outer floret, of the
capitulum of such plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See
<er>Ray</er>, 2.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The barbs of a perfect.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Radiating
organs, or color-markings, of the radiates.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>The movable limb of a sextant or other angular
instrument.</def>

<au>Knight.</au>

<cs><col>Radius bar</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a bar pivoted
at one end, about which it swings, and having its other end
attached to a piece which it causes to move in a circular
arc.</cd> -- <col>Radius of curvature</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Curvature</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Ra"di*us vec"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A straight line (or the length of such
line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or
pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it serves
to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of polar
co\'94rdinates. See <er>Co\'94rdinate</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An ideal straight line
joining the center of an attracting body with that of a body
describing an orbit around it, as a line joining the sun and a
planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite.</def>

<hw>Ra"dix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Radices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Radixes</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>,
root. See <er>Radish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>A primitive, from which spring other
words; a radical; a root; an etymon.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A number or
quantity which is arbitrarily made the fundamental number of any
system; a base. <as>Thus, 10 is the <ex>radix</ex>, or base, of
the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal system
of numeration</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A
finite expression, from which a series is derived.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Hutton.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The root of a plant.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rad"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Radul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a scraper, fr.
<ets>radere</ets> to scrape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; --
called also <altname>lingual ribbon</altname>, and
<altname>tongue</altname>. See <er>Odontophore</er>.</def>

<hw>Ra*du"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>radula</ets> a scraper + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Rasplike; <as>as, <ex>raduliform</ex> teeth</as>.</def>

<hw>Raff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Raffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Raffing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OF. <ets>raffer</ets>, of German origin; cf. G.
<ets>raffen</ets>; akin to E. <ets>rap</ets> to snatch. See
<er>Rap</er>, and cf. <er>Riffraff</er>, <er>Rip</er> to
tear.]</ety> <def>To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to
take by a promiscuous sweep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Causes and effects which I thus <qex>raff</qex> up
together.</q>
<qau>Carew.</qau>

<hw>Raff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A promiscuous heap;
a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse.</def> \'bdA
<xex>raff</xex> of errors.\'b8

<au>Barrow.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob;
-- chiefly used in the compound or duplicate,
<xex>riffraff</xex>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A low fellow; a churl.</def>

<cs><col>Raff merchant</col>, <cd>a dealer in lumber and odd
refuse. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hw>Raf`fa*el*esque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Raphaelesque.</def>

<hw>Raf"fi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from
the leaves of a palm tree of the genus <spn>Raphia</spn>.</def>

<au>J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).</au>

<hw>Raf"fi*nose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>raffiner</ets> to refine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the
molasses of the sugar beet.</def>

<hw>Raff"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling, or
having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low.</def>

<q>A sad, <qex>raffish</qex>, disreputable character.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>

<hw>Raf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rafle</ets>; <ets>faire rafle</ets> to sweep stakes, fr.
<ets>rafter</ets> to carry or sweep away, <ets>rafler tout</ets>
to sweep stakes; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffeln</ets> to
snatch up, to rake. See <er>Raff</er>, <pos>v.<pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay,
in shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then
determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them shall
become the sole possessor.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A game of dice in which he who threw three alike
won all the stakes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Cotgrave.</au>

<hw>Raf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Raffled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Raffling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
engage in a raffle; <as>as, to <ex>raffle</ex> for a
watch</as>.</def>

<hw>Raf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dispose of by means of
a raffle; -- often followed by <xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to
<ex>raffle</ex> off a horse</as>.</def>

<hw>Raf"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
raffles.</def>

<hw>\'d8Raf*fle"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
Named from its discoverer, Sir S. <ets>Raffle<?/</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of stemless, leafless plants,
living parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in
Malaysia. The flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very
large, in one species (<spn>Rafflesia Arnoldi</spn>) having a
diameter of two or three feet.</def>

<hw>Raft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> of <er>Reave</er>.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Raft</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Originally, a rafter, spar,
and fr. Icel. <ets>raptr</ets> a rafter; akin to Dan.
<ets>raft</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>raff</ets> a rafter, spar; cf.
OHG. <ets>r\'befo</ets>, <ets>r\'bevo</ets>, a beam, rafter,
Icel. <ets>r\'bef</ets> roof. Cf. <er>Rafter</er>,
<pos>n.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A collection of logs,
boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened, together, either
for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as
a support in conveying other things; a float.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such
as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which
obstructs navigation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps akin to <ets>raff</ets> a heap.]</ety>
<def>A large collection of people or things taken
indiscriminately.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark> \'bdA whole
<xex>raft</xex> of folks.\'b8

<au>W. D. Howells.</au>

<cs><col>Raft bridge</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bridge whose
points of support are rafts</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A bridge that
consists of floating timbers fastened together.</cd> -- <col>Raft
duck</col>. <ety>[The name alludes to its swimming in dense
flocks.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also <altname>flock
duck</altname>. See <er>Scaup</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The
redhead.</cd> -- <col>Raft port</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a
large, square port in a vessel's side for loading or unloading
timber or other bulky articles; a timber or lumber
port.</cd></cs>

<hw>Raft</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rafted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rafting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transport on a raft, or in
the form of a raft; to make into a raft; <as>as, to <ex>raft</ex>
timber</as>.</def>

<hw>Raf"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Reave</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Raft"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
raftsman.</def>

<hw>Raft"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'91fter</ets>;
akin to E. <ets>raft</ets>, n. See <er>Raft</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy
piece of timber. Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof
which are put on sloping, according to the inclination of the
roof. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Queen-post</er>.</def>

<q>[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,
With smoky <qex>rafters</qex>, than in tapestry halls.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Raft"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make into
rafters, as timber.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with rafters, as a house.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To plow so as to turn the
grass side of each furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Raft"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business of making or
managing rafts.</def>

<hw>Rafts"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Raftsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man engaged in
rafting.</def>

<hw>Raf"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps akin to
G. <ets>reif</ets> hoarfrost.]</ety> <def>Damp; musty.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Rag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>r\'91gja</ets> to calumniate, OHG, <ets>ruogen</ets> to
accuse, G. <ets>r\'81gen</ets> to censure, AS.
<ets>wr<emac/gan</ets>, Goth. <ets>wr<omac/hjan</ets> to
accuse.]</ety> <def>To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to
torment; to banter.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Pegge.</au>

<hw>Rag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ragge</ets>, probably
of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. <ets>r\'94gg</ets> rough hair. Cf.
<er>Rug</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of
cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a
fragment.</def>

<q>Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed,
And fluttered into <qex>rags</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Not having otherwise any <qex>rag</qex> of legality to cover
the shame of their cruelty.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Hence, mean or tattered attire;
worn-out dress.</def>

<q>And virtue, though in <qex>rags</qex>, will keep me warm.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.</def>

<q>The other zealous <qex>rag</qex> is the compositor.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>

<q>Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and
<qex>rag</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A coarse kind of rock,
somewhat cellular in texture.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>A ragged edge.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A sail, or any piece of canvas.</def>
<mark>[Nautical Slang]</mark>

<q>Our ship was a clipper with every <qex>rag</qex> set.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>

<cs><col>Rag bolt</col>, <cd>an iron pin with barbs on its shank
to retain it in place.</cd> -- <col>Rag carpet</col>, <cd>a
carpet of which the weft consists of narrow of cloth sewed
together, end to end.</cd> -- <col>Rag dust</col>, <cd>fine
particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-mach\'82 and
wall papers.</cd> -- <col>Rag wheel</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
chain wheel; a sprocket wheel</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A polishing
wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel.</cd>
-- <col>Rag wool</col>, <cd>wool obtained by tearing woolen rags
into fine bits, shoddy.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Ragged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Ragging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
become tattered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To break (ore)
into lumps for sorting.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rag"a*bash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rag"a*brash`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idle, ragged
person.</def>

<au>Nares. Grose.</au>

<hw>Rag`a*muf"fin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<ets>Ragamofin</ets>, the name of a demon in some of the old
mysteries.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A paltry or disreputable
fellow; a mean which.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who wears ragged clothing.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long-tailed
titmouse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Rage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>rabies</ets>, fr. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave; cf. Skr.
<ets>rabh</ets> to seize, <ets>rabhas</ets> violence. Cf.
<er>Rabid</er>, <er>Rabies</er>, <er>Rave</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme
vehemence of desire, emotion, or suffering, mastering the
will.</def> \'bdIn great <xex>rage</xex> of pain.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<q>He appeased the <qex>rage</qex> of hunger with some scraps of
broken meat.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<q>Convulsed with a <qex>rage</qex> of grief.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, anger accompanied with raving;
overmastering wrath; violent anger; fury.</def>

<q>torment, and loud lament, and furious <qex>rage</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A violent or raging wind.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The subject of eager desire; that which is
sought after, or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive
passion; <as>as, to be all the <ex>rage</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See
<er>Anger</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rage</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Raged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Raging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>ragier</ets>. See <er>Rage</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to
fury; to be violently agitated with passion.</def> \'bdWhereat he
inly <xex>raged</xex>.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>When one so great begins to <qex>rage</qex>, he a hunted
Even to falling.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently
driven or agitated; to act or move furiously; <as>as, the
<ex>raging</ex> sea or winds</as>.</def>

<q>Why do the heathen <qex>rage</qex> ?</q>
<qau>Ps. ii. 1.</qau>

<q>The madding wheels
Of brazen chariots <qex>raged</qex>; dire was the noise.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with
destruction or fatal effect; <as>as, the plague <ex>raged</ex> in
Cairo</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To toy or act wantonly; to sport.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume.</syn>

<hw>Rage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enrage.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rage"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of rage;
expressing rage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Rageful</xex>
eyes.\'b8

<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>

<hw>Ra"ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Wantonness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rag"ged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rag</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rent or worn
into tatters, or till the texture is broken; <as>as, a
<ex>ragged</ex> coat; a <ex>ragged</ex> sail.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven;
rough; jagged; <as>as, <ex>ragged</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear;
dissonant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>ragged</xex> noise
of mirth.\'b8

<au>Herbert.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Wearing tattered clothes; <as>as, a
<ex>ragged</ex> fellow</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Rough; shaggy; rugged.</def>

<q>What shepherd owns those <qex>ragged</qex> sheep ?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<cs><col>Ragged lady</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fennel
flower (<spn>Nigella Damascena</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ragged
robin</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus
<spn>Lychnis</spn> (<spn>L. Flos-cuculi</spn>), cultivated for
its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow
lobes.</cd> -- <col>Ragged sailor</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>prince's feather (<spn>Polygonum orientale</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Ragged school</col>, <cd>a free school for poor children,
where they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first
because they came in their common clothing.
<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rag"ged*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rag"ged*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rag"gie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Rag"gy</hw> 
}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ragged; rough.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA stony and <xex>raggie</xex> hill.\'b8

<au>Holland.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ragh`u*van"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>Raguva<msdot/<cced/a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A celebrated
Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty.</def>

<hw>Ra"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Rage</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Ra"*ging*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ra"gious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Raging;
furious; rageful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Ra"gious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<hw>Rag"lan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A loose
overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord
<xex>Raglan</xex>, an English general.</def>

<hw>Rag"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Ragmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man who collects,
or deals in, rags.</def>

<hw>Rag"man</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Ragman's
roll</er>.]</ety> <def>A document having many names or numerous
seals, as a papal bull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<hw>Rag"man's roll`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[For <ets>ragman
roll</ets> a long list of names, the devil's roll or list; where
<ets>ragman</ets> is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
<ets>ragmenni</ets> a craven person, Sw. <ets>raggen</ets> the
devil. Icel. <ets>ragmenni</ets> is fr. <ets>ragr</ets> cowardly
(another form of <ets>argr</ets>, akin to AS. <ets>earg</ets>
cowardly, vile, G. <ets>arg</ets> bad) + <ets>menni</ets> (in
comp.) man, akin to E. <ets>man</ets>. See <er>Roll</er>, and cf.
<er>Rigmarole</er>.]</ety> <def>The rolls of deeds on parchment
in which the Scottish nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance
to Edward I. of England, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1296.</def> <altsp>[Also
written <asp>ragman-roll</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ra*gout"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rago\'96t</ets>, fr. <ets>rago\'96ter</ets> to restore one's
appetite, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ad</ets> to +
<ets>gustare</ets> to taste, <ets>gustus</ets> taste. See
<er>Gust</er> relish.]</ety> <def>A dish made of pieces of meat,
stewed, and highly seasoned; <as>as, a <ex>ragout</ex> of
mutton</as>.</def>

<hw>Rag"pick`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in the
streets.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ra*guled"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rag*guled"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>raguer</ets> to chafe, fret, rub, or E.
<ets>rag</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Notched in regular
diagonal breaks; -- said of a line, or a bearing having such an
edge.</def>

<-- p. 1185 -->

<hw>Rag"weed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A common American composite weed (<spn>Ambrosia
artemisi\'91folia</spn>) with finely divided leaves;
hogweed.</def>

<cs><col>Great ragweed</col>, <cd>a coarse American herb
(<spn>Ambrosia trifida</spn>), with rough three-lobed opposite
leaves.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rag"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A kind of rubblework. In the United
States, any rubblework of thin and small stones.</def>

<hw>Rag"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A name given to several species of the composite genus
<spn>Senecio</spn>.</def>

<note><hand/ <spn>Senecio aureus</spn> is the golden ragwort of
the United States: <spn>S. elegans</spn> is the purple ragwort of
South Africa.</note>

<hw>\'d8Ra"ia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a ray.
Cf. <er>Ray</er> the fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
genus of rays which includes the skates. See
<er>Skate</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra"i\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Raia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of
elasmobranch fishes which includes the sawfishes, skates, and
rays; -- called also <altname>Raj\'91</altname>, and
<altname>Rajii</altname>.</def>

<hw>Raid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>rei<edh/</ets> a riding, raid; akin to E. <ets>road</ets>.
See <er>Road</er> a way.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hostile or
predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of mounted men; a
sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray.</def>

<q>Marauding chief! his sole delight.
The moonlight <qex>raid</qex>, the morning fight.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<q>There are permanent conquests, temporary occupation, and
occasional <qex>raids</qex>.</q>
<qau>H. Spenser.</qau>

<note><hand/ A Scottish word which came into common use in the
United States during the Civil War, and was soon extended in its
application.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An attack or invasion for the purpose of making
arrests, seizing property, or plundering; <as>as, a <ex>raid</ex>
of the police upon a gambling house; a <ex>raid</ex> of
contractors on the public treasury.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U.
S.]</mark>

<hw>Raid</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Raided</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Raiding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a raid upon or into;
<as>as, two regiments <ex>raided</ex> the border
counties</as>.</def>

<hw>Raid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who engages
in a raid.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Rail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>reil</ets>, <ets>re\'f4el</ets>, AS. <ets>hr\'91gel</ets>,
<ets>hr\'91gl</ets> a garment; akin to OHG. <ets>hregil</ets>,
OFries. <ets>hreil</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer cloak or covering;
a neckerchief for women.</def>

<au>Fairholt.</au>

<hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>
<def>To flow forth; to roll out; to course.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth
<qex>railing</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to LG. & Sw.
<ets>regel</ets> bar, bolt, G. <ets>riegel</ets> a rail, bar, or
bolt, OHG, <ets>rigil</ets>, <ets>rigel</ets>, bar, bolt, and
possibly to E. <ets>row</ets> a line.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so,
extending from one post or support to another, as in fences,
balustrades, staircases, etc.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal piece in a frame
or paneling. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Style</er>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A bar of steel or iron,
forming part of the track on which the wheels roll. It is usually
shaped with reference to vertical strength, and is held in place
by chairs, splices, etc.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The stout,
narrow plank that forms the top of the bulwarks.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The light, fencelike structures of wood or
metal at the break of the deck, and elsewhere where such
protection is needed.</def>

<cs><col>Rail fence</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fence</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rail guard</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A device attached to the
front of a locomotive on each side for clearing the rail
obstructions</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A guard rail</cd>. See under
<er>Guard</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rail joint</col>
<fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a splice connecting the adjacent ends
of rails, in distinction from a <xex>chair<xex>, which is merely
a seat. The two devices are sometimes united. Among several
hundred varieties, the <xex>fish joint<xex> is standard. See
<cref>Fish joint</cref>, under <er>Fish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rail
train</col> <fld>(Iron & Steel Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a train of
rolls in a rolling mill, for making rails for railroads from
blooms or billets.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Railed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Railing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To inclose with
rails or a railing.</def>

<q>It ought to be fenced in and <qex>railed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To range in a line.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>They were brought to London all <qex>railed</qex> in ropes,
like a team of horses in a cart.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'83le</ets>, fr.
<ets>r\'83ler</ets> to have a rattling in the throat; of German
origin, and akin to E. <ets>rattle</ets>. See <er>Rattle</er>,
<pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of
numerous species of limicoline birds of the family
<spn>Rallid\'91</spn>, especially those of the genus
<spn>Rallus</spn>, and of closely allied genera. They are prized
as game birds.</def>

<note><hand/ The common European water rail (<spn>Rallus
aquaticus</spn>) is called also <stype>bilcock</stype>,
<stype>skitty coot</stype>, and <stype>brook runner</stype>. The
best known American species are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh
hen (<spn>Rallus lonqirostris</spn>, var. <spn>crepitans</spn>);
the king, or red-breasted, rail (<spn>R. elegans</spn>) (called
also <stype>fresh-water marshhen</stype>); the lesser clapper, or
Virginia, rail (<spn>R. Virginianus</spn>); and the Carolina, or
sora, rail (<spn>Porzana Carolina</spn>). See
<er>Sora</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Land rail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
corncrake.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rail</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>railler</ets>; cf.
Sp. <ets>rallar</ets> to grate, scrape, molest; perhaps fr.
(assumed) LL. <ets>radiculare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radere</ets> to
scrape, grate. Cf. <er>Rally</er> to banter,
<er>Rase</er>.]</ety> <def>To use insolent and reproachful
language; to utter reproaches; to scoff; followed by
<xex>at</xex> or <xex>against</xex>, formerly by
<xex>on</xex>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>And <qex>rail</qex> at arts he did not understand.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Lesbia forever on me <qex>rails</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<hw>Rail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
rail at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Feltham.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move or influence by railing.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q><qex>Rail</qex> the seal from off my bond.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rail"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rails;
one who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproaches with opprobrious
language.</def>

<hw>Rail"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Expressing reproach;
insulting.</def>

<q>Angels which are greater in power and might, bring not
<qex>railing</qex> accusation against them.</q>
<qau>2 Pet. ii. 11.</qau>

<hw>Rail"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A barrier made
of a rail or of rails.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rails in general; also, material for making
rails.</def>

<hw>Rail"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With scoffing or
insulting language.</def>

<hw>Rail"er*y</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>raillerie</ets>, fr. <ets>railler</ets>. See <er>Rail</er>
to scoff.]</ety> <def>Pleasantry or slight satire; banter;
jesting language; satirical merriment.</def>

<q>Let <qex>raillery</qex> be without malice or heat.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>

<q>Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is
sufficient to turn them into <qex>raillery</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<hw>\'d8Rail`leur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A banterer; a jester; a mocker.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Wycherley.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rail"road`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rail"way`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A road or
way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel
rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of
vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure.</def>

<note><hand/ The modern railroad is a development and adaptation
of the older tramway.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The road, track, etc., with al the lands,
buildings, rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them
and constituting one property; <as>as, certain <ex>railroad</ex>
has been put into the hands of a receiver</as>.</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>Railway</xex> is the commoner word in England;
<xex>railroad</xex> the commoner word in the United
States.</note>

<note><hand/ In the following and similar phrases
<xex>railroad</xex> and <xex>railway</xex> are used
interchangeably: --</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Atmospheric railway</col>, <col>Elevated
railway</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Atmospheric</er>,
<er>Elevated</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cable railway</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Cable road</cref>, under <er>Cable</er>.</cd> -- <col>Perry
railway</col>, <cd>a submerged track on which an elevated
platform runs, fro carrying a train of cars across a water
course.</cd> -- <col>Gravity railway</col>, <cd>a railway, in a
hilly country, on which the cars run by gravity down gentle
slopes for long distances after having been hauled up steep
inclines to an elevated point by stationary engines.</cd> --
<col>Railway brake</col>, <cd>a brake used in stopping railway
cars or locomotives.</cd> -- <col>Railway car</col>, <cd>a large,
heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted for running on a
railway.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Railway carriage</col>,
<cd>a railway passenger car.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> --
<col>Railway scale</col>, <cd>a platform scale bearing a track
which forms part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded
cars.</cd> -- <col>Railway slide</col>. <cd>See <cref>Transfer
table</cref>, under <er>Transfer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Railway
spine</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an abnormal condition due to
severe concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad
accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other disturbances
of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain in the back,
impairment of general health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the
symptoms often not developing till some months after the
injury.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Underground railroad</col> <or/
<col>railway</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A railroad or railway
running through a tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Formerly, a system of co\'94peration among
certain active antislavery people in the United States, by which
fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach Canada</cd>.
<note>[In the latter sense <xex>railroad<xex>, and not
<xex>railway<xex>, was used.]</note> \'bdTheir house was a
principal <xex>entrep\'93t<xex> of the <xex>underground
railroad<xex>.\'b8 <au>W. D. Howells</au>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rail"road`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The construction of a
railroad; the business of managing or operating a railroad.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<hw>Rai"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.
<ets>arraiment</ets>. See <er>Array</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular
in form, with a collective sense.</def>

<q>Living, both food and <qex>raiment</qex> she supplies.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An article of dress.</def> <mark>[R. or
Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>

<hw>Rain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>Reign.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>rein</ets>, AS. <ets>regen</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>rein</ets>, D. & G. <ets>regen</ets>, OS. & OHG.
<ets>regan</ets>, Icel., Dan., & Sw. <ets>regn</ets>, Goth.
<ets>rign</ets>, and prob. to L. <ets>rigare</ets> to water, to
wet; cf. Gr. <?/ to wet, to rain.]</ety> <def>Water falling in
drops from the clouds; the descent of water from the clouds in
drops.</def>

<q><qex>Rain</qex> is water by the heat of the sun divided into
very small parts ascending in the air, till, encountering the
cold, it be condensed into clouds, and descends in drops.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>

<q>Fair days have oft contracted wind and <qex>rain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<note><hand/ <xex>Rain</xex> is distinguished from
<xex>mist</xex> by the size of the drops, which are distinctly
visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, it is
called <xex>mist</xex>; and <xex>fog</xex> is composed of
particles so fine as to be not only individually
indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended in the air. See
<er>Fog</er>, and <er>Mist</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Rain band</col> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld>, <cd>a dark band
in the yellow portion of the solar spectrum near the sodium line,
caused by the presence of watery vapor in the atmosphere, and
hence sometimes used in weather predictions.</cd> -- <col>Rain
bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the yaffle, or green
woodpecker. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> The name is also applied to
various other birds, as to <spn>Saurothera vetula</spn> of the
West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Rain fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the channel-bill cuckoo (<spn>Scythrops
Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>) of Australia.</cd> -- <col>Rain
gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument of various forms measuring the
quantity of rain that falls at any given place in a given time; a
pluviometer; an ombrometer.</cd> -- <col>Rain goose</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the red-throated diver, or loon.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Rain prints</col></mcol>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>markings on the surfaces of stratified
rocks, presenting an appearance similar to those made by rain on
mud and sand, and believed to have been so produced.</cd> --
<col>Rain quail</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Quail</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Rain water</col>,
<cd>water that has fallen from the clouds in rain.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rain</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rained</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Raining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>regnian</ets>, akin
to G. <ets>regnen</ets>, Goth. <ets>rignjan</ets>. See
<er>Rain</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall in
drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly with <xex>it</xex>
for a nominative; <as>as, it <ex>rains</ex></as>.</def>

<q>The rain it <qex>raineth</qex> every day.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall or drop like water from the clouds;
<as>as, tears <ex>rained</ex> from their eyes</as>.</def>

<hw>Rain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds.</def>

<q>Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will <qex>rain</qex>
bread from heaven for you.</q>
<qau>Ex. xvi. 4.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner;
<as>as, to <ex>rain</ex> favors upon a person</as>.</def>

<hw>Rain"bow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>regenboga</ets>, akin to G. <ets>regenbogen</ets>. See
<er>Rain</er>, and <er>Bow</er> anything bent,]</ety> <def>A bow
or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several colors of
the spectrum, and formed in the part of the hemisphere opposite
to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the sun's rays in
drops of falling rain.</def>

<note><hand/ Besides the ordinary bow, called also <xex>primary
rainbow</xex>, which is formed by two refractions and one
reflection, there is also another often seen exterior to it,
called the <xex>secondary rainbow</xex>, concentric with the
first, and separated from it by a small interval. It is formed by
two refractions and two reflections, is much fainter than the
primary bow, and has its colors arranged in the reverse order
from those of the latter.</note>

<cs><col>Lunar rainbow</col>, <cd>a fainter arch or rainbow,
formed by the moon.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Marine rainbow</col>, <or/
<col>Sea bow</col></mcol>, <cd>a similar bow seen in the spray of
waves at sea.</cd> -- <col>Rainbow trout</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright-colored trout
(<spn>Salmoirideus</spn>), native of the mountains of California,
but now extensively introduced into the Eastern States. Japan,
and other countries; -- called also <altname>brook
trout</altname>, <altname>mountain trout</altname>, and
<altname>golden trout</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rainbow
wrasse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Wrasse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Supernumerary rainbow</col>, <cd>a
smaller bow, usually of red and green colors only, sometimes seen
within the primary or without the secondary rainbow, and in
contact with them.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rain"bowed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed with
or like a rainbow.</def>

<hw>Rain"deer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Reindeer</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rain"drop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A drop of
rain.</def>

<hw>Rain"fall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fall or
descent of rain; the water, or amount of water, that falls in
rain; <as>as, the average annual <ex>rainfall</ex> of a
region</as>.</def>

<q>Supplied by the <qex>rainfall</qex> of the outer ranges of
Sinchul and Singaleleh.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<hw>Rain"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being rainy.</def>

<hw>Rain"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of rain; <as>as,
a <ex>rainless</ex> region</as>.</def>

<hw>Rain"-tight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>So tight
as to exclude rain as, a <xex>rain-tight</xex> roof.</def>

<hw>Rain"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>regenig</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with rain; wet;
showery; <as>as, <ex>rainy</ex> day or season</as>.</def>

<hw>Raip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>reip</ets> rope. Cf. <er>Rope</er>.]</ety> <def>A rope;
also, a measure equal to a rod.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Rais</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as 2d
<er>Reis</er>.</def>

<hw>Rais"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being raised.</def>

<hw>Raise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Raised</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Raising</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>reisen</ets>, Icel. <ets>reisa</ets>, causative of
<ets>r\'c6sa</ets> to rise. See <er>Rise</er>, and cf.
<er>Rear</er> to raise.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a
higher place; to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; <as>as, to
<ex>raise</ex> a stone or weight</as>.</def> Hence, figuratively:
--

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring to a higher condition or situation; to
elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or
estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance;
<as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> from a low estate; to <ex>raise</ex> to
office; to <ex>raise</ex> the price, and the like</as></def>.

<q>This gentleman came to be <qex>raised</qex> to great
titles.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<q>The plate pieces of eight were <qex>raised</qex> three pence
in the piece.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence
of; to excite; to intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; <as>as,
to <ex>raise</ex> the pulse; to <ex>raise</ex> the voice; to
<ex>raise</ex> the spirits or the courage; to <ex>raise</ex> the
heat of a furnace</as></def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To elevate in degree according to some scale;
<as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> the pitch of the voice; to
<ex>raise</ex> the temperature of a room</as></def>.

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position
or posture; to set up; to make upright; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex>
a mast or flagstaff</as>.</def> Hence: --

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cause to spring up from recumbent position,
from a state of quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse</def>.

<q>They shall not awake, nor be <qex>raised</qex> out of their
sleep.</q>
<qau>Job xiv. 12.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to
tumult, struggle, or war; to excite</def>.

<q>He commandeth, and <qex>raiseth</qex> the stormy wind.</q>
<qau>Ps. cvii. 25.</qau>

<q>\'92neas . . . employs his pains,
In parts remote, to <qex>raise</qex> the Tuscan swains.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To bring up from the lower world; to call up,
as a spirit from the world of spirits; to recall from death; to
give life to</def>.

<q>Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God
should <qex>raise</qex> the dead ?</q>
<qau>Acts xxvi. 8.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being
or to appear; to give to; to originate, produce, cause, effect,
or the like.</def> Hence, specifically: --

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To form by the accumulation of materials or
constituent parts; to build up; to erect; as, to <xex>raise</xex>
a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of stones</def>.

<q>I will <qex>raise</qex> forts against thee.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxxix. 3.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get
together or obtain for use or service; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex>
money, troops, and the like</as></def>. \'bdTo <xex>raise</xex>
up a rent.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To cause to grow; to procure to be produced,
bred, or propagated; to grow; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> corn,
barley, hops, etc.; to<ex>raise</ex> cattle</as>.</def>  \'bdHe
<xex>raised</xex> sheep.\'b8  \'bdHe <xex>raised</xex> wheat
where none grew before.\'b8

<au>Johnson's Dict.</au>

<-- p. 1186 -->

<note><hand/ In some parts of the United States, notably in the
Southern States, <xex>raise</xex> in also commonly applied to the
rearing or bringing up of children.</note>

<q>I was <qex>raised</qex>, as they say in Virginia, among the
mountains of the North.</q>
<qau>Paulding.</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To bring into being; to produce; to cause to
arise, come forth, or appear; -- often with <xex>up</xex></def>.

<q>I will <qex>raise</qex> them up a prophet from among their
brethren, like unto thee.</q>
<qau>Deut. xviii. 18.</qau>

<q>God vouchsafes to <qex>raise</qex> another world
From him [Noah], and all his anger to forget.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to
start; to originate; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a smile or a
blush</as></def>.

<q>Thou shalt not <qex>raise</qex> a false report.</q>
<qau>Ex. xxiii. 1.</qau>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to
strike up</def>.

<q>Soon as the prince appears, they <qex>raise</qex> a cry.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sd>(g)</sd> <def>To bring to notice; to submit for
consideration; as, to <xex>raise</xex> a point of order; to
<xex>raise</xex> an objection</def>.

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to
make light and spongy, as bread.</def>

<q>Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and <qex>raise</qex> paste.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cause (the
land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it;
<as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> Sandy Hook light</as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To let go; <as>as in the command,
<ex>Raise</ex> tacks and sheets, <it>i. e.</it>, Let go tacks and
sheets</as>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To create or constitute;
<as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a use that is, to create it</as>.</def>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<cs><col>To raise a blockade</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to
remove or break up a blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or
forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or
dispersing them.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To raise a check</col>,
<col>note</col>, <col>bill of exchange</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., to
increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing the writing,
figures, or printing in which the sum payable is
specified.</cd><-- or money order --> -- <col>To raise a
siege</col>, <cd>to relinquish an attempt to take a place by
besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished.</cd> --
<col>To raise steam</col>, <cd>to produce steam of a required
pressure.</cd> -- <col>To raise the wind</col>, <cd>to procure
ready money by some temporary expedient.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To raise Cain</col>, <or/
<col>To raise the devil</col></mcol>, <cd>to cause a great
disturbance; to make great trouble.
<mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause;
produce; grow; heighten; aggravate; excite.</syn>

<hw>Raised</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; <as>as,
<ex>raised</ex> or embossed metal work</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of
bread, cake, etc., as distinguished from that made with cream of
tartar, soda, etc.  See <er>Raise</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
4.</def>

<cs><col>Raised beach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Beach</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>

<hw>Rais"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, raises (in various senses of the verb).</def>

<hw>Rai"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>raisin</ets> grape, raisin, L. <ets>racemus</ets> cluster of
grapes or berries; cf. Gr.  <?/, <?/, berry, grape. Cf.
<er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A grape, or a bunch of
grapes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Cotgrave.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grape dried in the sun or by artificial
heat.</def>

<cs><col>Raisin tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common red
currant, whose fruit resembles the small raisins of Corinth
called <xex>currants<xex>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<au>Dp. Prior.</au>

<hw>Rais"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting,
producing, or restoring to life.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the operation or work of setting
up the frame of a building; <as>as, to help at a
<ex>raising</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><-- e.g., barn
raising -->

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of
forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering,
stamping, or spinning.</def>

<cs><col>Raising bee</col>, <cd>a bee for raising the frame of a
building. See <er>Bee</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2. <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<au>W. Irving</au>.</cd> -- <col>Raising hammer</col>, <cd>a
hammer with a rounded face, used in raising sheet metal.</cd> --
<col>Raising plate</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the plate, or
longitudinal timber, on which a roof is raised and
rests.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Rai`son`n\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>raisonn\'82</ets>. p. p. of <ets>raisonner</ets> to
reason.]</ety> <def>Arranged systematically, or according to
classes or subjects; <as>as, a catalogue
<ex>raisonn\'82</ex></as>. See under <er>Catalogue</er>.</def>

<hw>Rai"vel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Weaving)</fld>
<def>A separator.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Raj</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rajah</er>.]</ety> <def>Reign; rule.</def>
<mark>[India]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ra"ja</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rajah</er>.</def>

<hw>Ra"jah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>r\'bej\'be</ets>, Skr. <ets>r\'bejan</ets>, akin to L.
<ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>,
<pos>a.<pos>]</ety> <def>A native prince or king; also, a
landholder or person of importance in the agricultural
districts.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<hw>Ra"jah*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or dignity of
a rajah.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Raj`poot"</hw>, <hw>\'d8Raj`put"</hw>  }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>r\'bej-p<umac/t</ets>, Skr. <ets>r\'beja-putra</ets> king's
son.]</ety> <def>A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military,
caste; a Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of
Rajpootana, in northern central India.</def>

<hw>Rake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>race</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>rake</ets>, D. <ets>reek</ets>,
OHG, <ets>rehho</ets>, G. <ets>rechen</ets>, Icel,
<ets>reka</ets> a shovel, and to Goth. <ets>rikan</ets> to heap
up, collect, and perhaps to Gr. <?/ to stretch out, and E.
<ets>rack</ets> to stretch. Cf. <er>Reckon</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An implement consisting of a headpiece having
teeth, and a long handle at right angles to it, -- used for
collecting hay, or other light things which are spread over a
large surface, or for breaking and smoothing the earth.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for
collecting hay or grain; a horserake.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety>
<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A fissure or mineral vein traversing the
strata vertically, or nearly so; -- called also
<altname>rake-vein</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Gill rakes</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See under 1st
<er>Gill</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Raked</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Raking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>racian</ets>. See
1st <er>Rake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To collect with a
rake; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> hay</as>; -- often with
<xex>up</xex>; <as>as, he <ex>raked</ex> up the fallen
leaves</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> Hence: <def>To collect or draw together with
laborious industry; to gather from a wide space; to scrape
together; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> together wealth; to
<ex>rake</ex> together slanderous tales; to <ex>rake</ex>
together the rabble of a town.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a
rake for the purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or
for stirring up the soil; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> a lawn; to
<ex>rake</ex> a flower bed.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To search through; to scour; to ransack.</def>

<q>The statesman <qex>rakes</qex> the town to find a plot.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To scrape or scratch across; to pass over
quickly and lightly, as a rake does.</def>

<q>Like clouds that <qex>rake</qex> the mountain summits.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To enfilade; to fire in a
direction with the length of; in naval engagements, to cannonade,
as a ship, on the stern or head so that the balls range the whole
length of the deck.</def>

<cs><col>To rake up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To collect together,
as the fire (live coals), and cover with ashes</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>To bring up; to search out an bring to notice again; as,
<xex>to rake up<xex> old scandals.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to scrape; to
search minutely.</def>

<q>One is for <qex>raking</qex> in Chaucer for antiquated
words.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape
along.</def>

<q>Pas could not stay, but over him did <qex>rake</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>

<hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>raka</ets>
to reach, and E. <ets>reach</ets>.]</ety> <def>To inclination of
anything from a perpendicular direction; <as>as, the
<ex>rake</ex> of a roof, a staircase, etc</as>.</def>; especially
<fld>(Naut.</xex)</fld>, <def>the inclination of a mast or
tunnel, or, in general, of any part of a vessel not perpendicular
to the keel.</def>

<hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To incline from a
perpendicular direction; <as>as, a mast <ex>rakes</ex>
aft</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Raking course</col> <fld>(Bricklaying)</fld>, <cd>a
course of bricks laid diagonally between the face courses in a
thick wall, to strengthen.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rakel</ets> rash; cf.
Icel. <ets>reikall</ets> wandering, unsettled, <ets>reika</ets>
to wander.]</ety> <def>A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person
addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a
rou\'82.</def>

<q>Am illiterate and frivolous old <qex>rake</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Rake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>reika</ets>. Cf. <er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>To
walk about; to gad or ramble idly.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>To
act the rake; to lead a dissolute, debauched life.</def>

<au>Shenstone.</au>

<cs><col>To rake out</col> <fld>(Falconry)</fld>, <cd>to fly too
far and wide from its master while hovering above waiting till
the game is sprung; -- said of the hawk.</cd></cs>

<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>

<hw>Rake"hell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rakel</er>.]</ety> <def>A lewd, dissolute fellow; a
debauchee; a rake.</def>

<q>It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and
a <qex>rakehell</qex> do not go together.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rake"hell`</hw>, <hw>Rake"hell`y</hw>, }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser. B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Ra"kel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. See
<er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>Hasty; reckless;
rash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Ra"kel*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st
<er>Rake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which,
rakes</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person who uses a
rake</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A machine for raking grain or hay
by horse or other power</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A gun so placed
as to rake an enemy's ship.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Gill
rakers</cref>, under 1st <er>Gill</er>.</def>

<hw>Rak"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Debauchery;
lewdness.</def>

<q>The <qex>rakery</qex> and intrigues of the lewd town.</q>
<qau>R. North.</qau>

<hw>Rake"shame`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rakehell</er>, <er>Ragabash</er>.]</ety> <def>A vile,
dissolute wretch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Rake"stale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rake</ets> the instrument + <ets>stale</ets> a
handle.]</ety> <def>The handle of a rake.</def>

<q>That tale is not worth a <qex>rakestele</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rake"-vein`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rake</er>, a mineral vein.</def>

<hw>Rak"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a
rake.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A space gone over with a rake; also, the work
done, or the quantity of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going
once over a space with a rake.</def>

<hw>Rak"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dissolute; lewd;
debauched.</def>

<q>The arduous task of converting a <qex>rakish</qex> lover.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Rak"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having a
saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash.</def>

<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>

<hw>Rak"ish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rakish
manner.</def>

<hw>Rak"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being rakish.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra"ku ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A kind of earthenware
made in Japan, resembling Satsuma ware, but having a paler
color.</def>

<hw>\'d8R\'83le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'83le</ets>. Cf. <er>Rail</er> the bird.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An adventitious sound, usually of morbid
origin, accompanying the normal respiratory sounds. See
<er>Rhonchus</er>.</def>

<note><hand/ Various kinds are distinguished by pathologists;
differing in intensity, as loud and small; in quality, as moist,
dry, clicking, and sonorous; and in origin, as tracheal,
pulmonary, and pleural.</note>

<hw>\'d8Ral"len*tan"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slackening; -- a
direction to perform a passage with a gradual decrease in time
and force; ritardando.</def>

<hw>Ral"li*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>raliance</ets>. See <er>Rally</er> to reunite.]</ety>
<def>The act of rallying.</def>

<hw>Rail"li*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rallies.</def>

<hw>Ral"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the rails.</def>

<hw>Ral"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rallied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rallying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ralier</ets>, F.
<ets>rallier</ets>, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>ad +
ligare</ets> to bind. See <er>Ra-</er>, and 1st
<er>Ally</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect, and reduce to order, as
troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to
reunite.</def>

<hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come into
orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort, as troops
scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite.</def>

<q>The Grecians <qex>rally</qex>, and their powers unite.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to
<qex>rally</qex> together, and to form themselves into this new
world.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To collect one's vital powers or forces; to
regain health or consciousness; to recuperate.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To recover strength after a decline in prices;
-- said of the market, stocks, etc.</def>

<hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rallies</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of
rallying (in any of the senses of that word).</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A political mass meeting.</def> <mark>[Colloq.
U. S.]</mark>

<hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>railler</ets>.
See <er>Rail</er> to scoff.]</ety> <def>To attack with raillery,
either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or
satire.</def>

<q>Honeycomb . . . <qex>raillies</qex> me upon a country
life.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain.
Which gay Corinna <qex>rallied</qex> with disdain.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.</syn>

<hw>Ral"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use
pleasantry, or satirical merriment.</def>

<hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Good-humored raillery.</def>

<hw>Ralph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name sometimes
given to the raven.</def>

<hw>Ral"ston*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named
after J. G. <ets>Ralston</ets> of Norristown, Penn.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring
with the Greenland cryolite in octahedral crystals.</def>

<hw>Ram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ramm</ets>, <ets>ram</ets>; akin to OHG. & D.
<ets>ram</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>ramm</ets>, and perh. to Icel.
<ets>ramr</ets> strong.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The male of the
sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is
called a <xex>tup</xex>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Aries, the
sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of
March.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The constellation Aries, which
does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same
name.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An engine of war used for butting or
battering.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In ancient
warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and used
for battering the walls of cities; a battering-ram</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow
of a steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of
an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a beak.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A hydraulic ram. See under
<er>Hydraulic</er>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile
driver, steam hammer, stamp mill, or the like.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>The plunger of a hydraulic press.</def>

<cs><col>Ram's horn</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <cd>A
low semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch</cd>.
<altsp>[Written also <asp>ramshorn<asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Farrow</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <cd>An
ammonite.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ram</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rammed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ramming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To butt or strike
against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive
with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; <as>as,
to <ex>ram</ex> an enemy's vessel; to <ex>ram</ex> piles,
cartridges, etc.</as></def>

<q>[They] <qex>rammed</qex> me in with foul shirts, and smocks,
socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill or compact by pounding or driving.</def>

<q>A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and
<qex>rammed</qex> to make the foundation solid.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<hw>\'d8Ram`a*dan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>ramad\'ben</ets>, or <ets>ramaz\'ben</ets>, properly, the
hot month.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Ramadhan</asp>,
<asp>Ramadzan</asp>, and <asp>Rhamadan</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The ninth Mohammedan month.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept
during daylight through the ninth month.</def>

<hw>Ram"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Boughs or
branches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Crabb.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Warbling of birds in trees.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Drummond.</au>

<hw>Ra*mage"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild;
untamed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ra*ma"gi*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild; not
tame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Now is he tame that was so <qex>ramagious</qex>.</q>
<qau>Remedy of Love.</qau>

<hw>Ra"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ramus</ets> branch.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a ramus,
or branch; rameal.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra*ma"ya*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>R\'bem\'beyana</ets>.]</ety> <def>The more ancient of the
two great epic poems in Sanskrit. The hero and heroine are Rama
and his wife Sita.</def>

<hw>Ram"berge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>rame</ets> oar + <ets>barge</ets> barge.]</ety>
<def>Formerly, a kind of large war galley.</def>

<hw>Ram"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rambled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rambling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>rammle</ets>, fr. Prov.
E. <ets>rame</ets> to roam. Cf. <er>Roam</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any
determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to
rove; to wander; <as>as, to <ex>ramble</ex> about the city; to
<ex>ramble</ex> over the world.</as></def>

<q>He that is at liberty to <qex>ramble</qex> in perfect
darkness, what is his liberty better than if driven up and down
as a bubble by the wind?</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To talk or write in a discursive, aimless
way.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To extend or grow at random.</def>

<au>Thomson.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.</syn>

<hw>Ram"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A going or
moving from place to place without any determinate business or
object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation.</def>

<q>Coming home, after a short Christians <qex>ramble</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rammel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Coal
Mining)</fld> <def>A bed of shale over the seam.</def>

<au>Raymond.</au>

<-- 3. A section of woods suitable for liesurely walking.
    muskrat ramble -- a dance -->

<hw>Ram"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rambles; a rover; a wanderer.</def>

<hw>Ram"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Roving;
wandering; discursive; <as>as, a <ex>rambling</ex> fellow, talk,
or building</as>.</def>

<hw>Ram"bling*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rambling
manner.</def>

<hw>Ram"booze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A beverage
made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Blount.</au>

<hw>Ram*bu"tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay
<ets>ramb<umac/tan</ets>, fr. <ets>rambut</ets> hair of the
head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Malayan fruit produced by
the tree <spn>Nephelium lappaceum</spn>, and closely related to
the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape, covered with
coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant acid
pulp. Called also <altname>ramboostan</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ra"me*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Ramal</er>.</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<hw>Ra"me*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
Ramist.</def>

<au>Shipley.</au>

<hw>Ramed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said of a ship on the
stocks.</def>

<hw>Ram"ee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Ramie</er>.</def>

<hw>Ram"e*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ramequin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ram"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ramenta</ets>, pl.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A scraping; a
shaving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ra*men"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,
scrapings.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Thin brownish chaffy
scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially
upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<-- p. 1187 -->

<hw>Ram`en*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with ramenta.</def>

<hw>Ra"me*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rameus</ets>, from <ets>ramus</ets> branch, bough.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Ramal.</def>

<hw>Ram"e*quin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., formed
in a mold, or served on bread.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>ramekin</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ram"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
Malay.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The grasscloth plant
(<spn>B<oe/hmeria nivea</spn>); also, its fiber, which is very
fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also <altname>China
grass</altname>, and <altname>rhea</altname>. See
<cref>Grass-cloth plant</cref>, under <er>Grass</er>.</def>

<hw>Ram`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>ramification</ets>. See <er>Ramify</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The process of branching, or the development or
offshoots from a stem; also, the mode of their arrangement.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a
main stock or channel; <as>as, the <ex>ramifications</ex> of an
artery, vein, or nerve</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A division into principal and subordinate
classes, heads, or departments; also, one of the subordinate
parts; <as>as, the <ex>ramifications</ex> a subject or
scheme</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The production of branchlike figures.</def>

<au>Crabb.</au>

<hw>Ram`i*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ramus</ets> branch + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>,
flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flowering on the
branches.</def>

<hw>Ram"i*form</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets>
branch + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having
the form of a branch.</def>

<hw>Ram"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ramified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ramifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ramifier</ets>, LL.
<ets>ramificare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ramus</ets> a branch +
<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>
<def>To divide into branches or subdivisions; <as>as, to
<ex>ramify</ex> an art, subject, scheme</as>.</def>

<hw>Ram"i*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shoot, or
divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of a
plant.</def>

<q>When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to
<qex>ramify</qex>.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be divided or subdivided, as a main
subject.</def>

<hw>Ra*mig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ramus</ets> a branch + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing branches; branched.</def>

<hw>Ra*mip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ramus + parere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Producing branches; ramigerous.</def>

<hw>Ra"mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A follower of
Pierre <xex>Ram\'82</xex>, better known as <xex>Ramus</xex>, a
celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and
philosophy at Paris in the reign of Henry II., and opposed the
Aristotelians.</def>

<hw>Ram"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A line used to
get a straight middle line, as on a spar, or from stem to stern
in building a vessel.</def>

<hw>Ram"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Refuse
matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Filled with any rubbish, <qex>rammel</qex> and broken
stones.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>

<hw>Ram"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, rams or drives.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>An instrument for driving anything force; <as>as, a
<ex>rammer</ex> for driving stones or piles, or for beating the
earth to more solidity</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rod for
forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>An implement for pounding the sand of
a mold to render it compact.</def>

<hw>Ram"mish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a ram;
hence, rank; lascivious.</def> \'bdTheir savor is so
<xex>rammish</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ram"mish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
rammish.</def>

<hw>Ram"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a ram;
rammish.</def>

<au>Burton.</au>

<hw>Ram`ol*les"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ramollir</ets> to make soft, to soften; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>amollir</ets> to soften; <ets>a</ets> (L.
<ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>mollir</ets> to soften, L.
<ets>mollire</ets>, fr. <ets>mollis</ets> soft.]</ety> <def>A
softening or mollifying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ra*moon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A small West Indian tree (<spn>Trophis Americana</spn>) of
the Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder
for cattle.</def>

<hw>Ra*mose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ramosus</ets>, from <ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety>
<def>Branched, as the stem or root of a plant; having lateral
divisions; consisting of, or having, branches; full of branches;
ramifying; branching; branchy.</def>

<hw>Ra"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ramose.</def>

<hw>Ramp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ramped</er> <pr>(?;
215)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ramping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ramper</ets> to
creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffen</ets>
to snatch, LG. & D. <ets>rapen</ets>. See <er>Rap</er> to snatch,
and cf. Romp.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to
prance; to become rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move by leaps, or by leaps; hence, to move
swiftly or with violence.</def>

<q>Their bridles they would champ,</q>

<q>And trampling the fine element would fiercely
<qex>ramp</qex>.</q>
<qau> Spenser.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To climb, as a plant; to creep up.</def>

<q>With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . .
and so <qex>ramping</qex> upon trees, they mount up to a great
height.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>

<hw>Ramp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A leap; a spring; a
hostile advance.</def>

<q>The bold Ascalonite
Fled from his lion <qex>ramp</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A highwayman; a robber.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A romping woman; a prostitute.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Lyly.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>rampe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any sloping member, other than a purely
constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a
staircase.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A short bend, slope, or curve,
where a hand rail or cap changes its direction.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>rampe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>
<def>An inclined plane serving as a communication between
different interior levels.</def>

<hw>Ram*pa"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>High-spirited; rampageous.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<au>Dickens.</au>

<hw>Ramp"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Ramp</er>, <pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <def>Violent or riotous
behavior; a state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; <as>as,
to be on the <ex>rampage</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. or
Low.]</mark>

<au>Dickens.</au>

<hw>Ramp"age</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To leap or prance about,
as an animal; to be violent; to rage.</def> <mark>[Prov. or
Low]</mark>

<hw>Ram*pa"geous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Characterized by violence and passion; unruly;
rampant.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Low]</mark>

<q>In the primitive ages of a <qex>rampageous</qex>
antiquity.</q>
<qau>Galt.</qau>

<hw>Ram*pal"lian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<ets>ramp</ets> a prostitute, or <ets>rabble</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
mean wretch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ramp"an*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being rampant; excessive action or development;
exuberance; extravagance.</def> \'bdThey are come to this height
and <xex>rampancy</xex> of vice.\'b8

<au>South.</au>

<hw>Ramp"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p. pr. of
<ets>ramper</ets> to creep. See <er>Ramp</er>,
<pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ramping; leaping; springing;
rearing upon the hind legs; hence, raging; furious.</def>

<q>The fierce lion in his kind
Which goeth <qex>rampant</qex> after his prey.</q>
<qau>Gower.</qau>

<q>[The] lion . . . <qex>rampant</qex> shakes his brinded
mane.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ascending; climbing; rank in growth;
exuberant.</def>

<q>The <qex>rampant</qex> stalk is of unusual altitude.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Rising with fore paws in the
air as if attacking; -- said of a beast of prey, especially a
lion. The right fore leg and right hind leg should be raised
higher than the left.</def>

<cs><col>Rampant arch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An arch which has
one abutment higher than the other</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as
<cref>Rampant vault</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Rampant
gardant</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>rampant, but with the face
turned to the front.</cd> -- <col>Rampant regardant</col>,
<cd>rampant, but looking backward.</cd> -- <col>Rampant
vault</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a continuous wagon vault, or
cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined
planed plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or forming
the ceiling of a stairway.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ramp"ant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rampant
manner.</def>

<hw>Ram"part</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rempart</ets>, OF. <ets>rempar</ets>, fr.
<ets>remparer</ets> to fortify, <ets>se remparer</ets> to fence
or intrench one's self; <ets>re-</ets> re- pref. + pref.
<ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>parer</ets> to defend,
parry, prepare, L. <ets>parare</ets> to prepape. See
<er>Pare</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which fortifies and defends from assault;
that which secures safety; a defense or bulwark.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A broad embankment of earth
round a place, upon which the parapet is raised. It forms the
substratum of every permanent fortification.</def>

<au>Mahan.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Rampart</er>, <er>Bulwark</er>. These words were formerly
interchanged; but in modern usage a distinction has sprung up
between them. The <xex>rampart</xex> of a fortified place is the
enceinte or main embankment or wall which surrounds it. The term
<xex>bulwark</xex> is now applied to peculiarly strong outworks
which project for the defense of the <xex>rampart</xex>, or main
work. A single bastion is a <xex>bulwark</xex>. In using these
words figuratively, <xex>rampart</xex> is properly applied to
that which protects by walling out; <xex>bulwark</xex> to that
which stands in the forefront of danger, to meet and repel it.
Hence, we speak of a distinguished individual as the
<xex>bulwark</xex>, not the <xex>rampart</xex>, of the state.
This distinction, however, is often disregarded.</usage>

<hw>Ram"part</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ramparted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ramparting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surround or protect
with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts.</def>

<q>Those grassy hills, those glittering dells,
Proudly <qex>ramparted</qex> with rocks.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<cs><col>Rampart gun</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a cannon or
large gun for use on a rampart and not as a fieldpiece.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rampe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In allusion to
its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. See <er>Ramp</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> The cuckoopint.</def>

<hw>Ram"pier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rampart</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ram"pi*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>raiponce</ets>, Sp. <ets>ruiponce</ets>,
<ets>reponche</ets>, L. <ets>raperonzo</ets>, NL.
<ets>rapuntium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rapum</ets>, <ets>rapa</ets>, a
turnip, rape. Cf. <er>Rape</er> a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A plant (<spn>Campanula Rapunculus</spn>) of the Bellflower
family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called
<altname>ramps</altname>.</def>

<note><hand/ The name is sometimes given to plants of the genus
<spn>Phyteuma</spn>, herds of the Bellflower family, and to the
American evening primrose (<spn>Enothera biennis</spn>), which
has run wild in some parts of Europe.</note>

<hw>Ram"pire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rampart.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>The Trojans round the place a <qex>rampire</qex> cast.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Ram"pire</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fortify with a
rampire; to form into a rampire.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>Chapman</au>. \'bd<xex>Rampired</xex> walls of gold.\'b8

<au>R. Browning.</au>

<hw>Ram"pler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rambler.</def>

<hw>Ram"pler</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Roving; rambling.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Ram"rod`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The rod used
in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading firearm.</def>

<hw>Ram"shac*kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out
of repair.</def>

<q>There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his
<qex>ramshackle</qex> coach.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>

<hw>Ram"shac*kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To search or
ransack; to rummage.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Ram"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hramsan</ets>, pl., akin to G. <ets>rams</ets>, Sw.
<ets>rams</ets>, <ets>rams</ets>l\'94k; cf. Gr. <?/ onion.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A broad-leaved species of garlic
(<spn>Allium ursinum</spn>), common in European gardens; --
called also <altname>buckram</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ram"sted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr. Ramsted who
introduced it into Pennsylvania. See <er>Toad flax</er>. Called
also <altname>Ramsted weed</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ram"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ramulosus</ets>, fr. <ets>ramulus</ets>, dim. of
<ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>
<def>Having many small branches, or ramuli.</def>

<hw>Ram"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Nat.
Hist.)</fld> <def>Ramulose.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ram"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Ramuli</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A small branch, or branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and
similar organisms.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra"mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rami</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>
<def>A branch; a projecting part or prominent process; a
ramification.</def>

<hw>Ra*mus"cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ramusculus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A
small ramus, or branch.</def>

<hw>Ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Run</er>.</def>

<hw>Ran</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[As. <ets>r\'ben</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Open robbery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Lambarde.</au>

<hw>Ran</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Yarns coiled
on a spun-yarn winch.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
frog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of anurous
batrachians, including the common frogs.</def>

<hw>Ra"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants.</def>

<cs><col>Ranal alliance</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name
proposed by Lindley for a group of natural orders, including
Ranunculace\'91, Magnoliace\'91, Papaverace\'91, and others
related to them.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prop or shore.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A round between the legs of a chair.</def><-- =
spreader -->

<hw>Ran*ces"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rancescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>rancescere</ets>, v. incho.
from <ets>rancere</ets> to be rancid.]</ety> <def>Becoming rancid
or sour.</def>

<hw>Ranch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>raunch</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Wrench</er>.]</ety> <def>To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to
injure by violent straining or contortion.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Dryden</au>. \'bdHasting to
<xex>raunch</xex> the arrow out.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Ranch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rancho</er>.]</ety>
<def>A tract of land used for grazing and rearing of horses,
cattle, or sheep. See <er>Rancho</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Western U.
S.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ran*che"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rancheros</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp.]</ety>
<mark>[Mexico & Western U. S.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The owner and occupant of a ranch or
rancho.</def>

<hw>Ranch"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Ranchmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> An owner or occupant of, or
laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman</plu>. <mark>[Western U.
S.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ran"cho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Ranchos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp., properly, a
mess, mess room. Cf. 2d <er>Ranch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where
herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are
raised; -- distinguished from <xex>hacienda</xex>, a cultivated
farm or plantation.</def> <mark>[Mexico & California]</mark>

<au>Bartlett.</au>

<hw>Ran"cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rancidus</ets>, fr. <ets>rancere</ets> to be rancid or
rank.]</ety> <def>Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical
change or decomposition; musty; <as>as, <ex>rancid</ex> oil or
butter</as>.</def>

<hw>Ran*cid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rancidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil.</def>

<au>Ure.</au>

<hw>Ran"cid*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
rancid manner.</def>

<hw>Ran"cid*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
rancid.</def>

<hw>Ran"cor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rancour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>rancour</ets>, OF.
<ets>rancor</ets>, <ets>rancur</ets>, F. <ets>rancune</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>rancor</ets> rancidity, rankness; tropically, an old
grudge, rancor, fr. <ets>rancere</ets> to be rank or
rancid.]</ety> <def>The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated
enmity or malice; inveterate hatred.</def> \'bdTo stint
<xex>rancour</xex> and dissencioun.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>It would not be easy to conceive the passion,
<qex>rancor</qex>, and malice of their tongues and hearts.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge;
animosity; malignity.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rancor</er>,
<er>Enmity</er>. <xex>Enmity</xex> and <xex>rancor</xex> both
describe hostile feelings; but <xex>enmity</xex> may be generous
and open, while <xex>rancor</xex> implies personal malice of the
worst and most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our
language to express hostile feelings.</usage>

<q><qex>Rancor</qex> will out; proud prelate, in thy face
I see thy fury.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q><qex>Rancor</qex> is that degree of malice which preys upon
the possessor.</q>
<qau>Cogan.</qau>

<hw>Ran"cor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>rancuros</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of rancor; evincing, or
caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or
malicious; intensely virulent.</def>

<q>So flamed his eyes with rage and <qex>rancorous</qex> ire.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ran"cor*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rancorous
manner.</def>

<hw>Rand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rand</ets>, <ets>rond</ets>; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G.
<ets>rand</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'94nd</ets>, and probably to E.
<ets>rind</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A border; edge; margin.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the
flank or leg; a sort of steak.</def>

<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling
slip of leather applied to the sole before attaching the
heel.</def>

<hw>Rand</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rant</er>.]</ety>
<def>To rant; to storm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>I wept, . . . and raved, <qex>randed</qex>, and railed.</q>
<qau> J. Webster.</qau>

<hw>Ran"dall grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
meadow fescue (<spn>Festuca elatior</spn>). See under
<er>Grass</er>.</def>

<hw>Ran"dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The product of
a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the bran.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Ran"dan</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boat propelled by three
rowers with four oars, the middle rower pulling two.</def>

<hw>Rand"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <def>The act or process of making and
applying rands for shoes.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of basket work used in
gabions.</def>

<hw>Ran"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>randon</ets>, OF. <ets>randon</ets> force, violence,
rapidity, a <ets>randon</ets>, de <ets>randon</ets>, violently,
suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German origin; cf. G. <ets>rand</ets>
edge, border, OHG. <ets>rant</ets> shield, edge of a shield, akin
to E. <ets>rand</ets>, n.  See <er>Rand</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Force; violence.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>For courageously the two kings newly fought with great
<qex>random</qex> and force.</q>
<qau> E. Hall.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A roving motion; course without definite
direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; --
commonly used in the phrase <xex>at random</xex>, that is,
without a settled point of direction; at hazard.</def>

<q>Counsels, when they fly
At <qex>random</qex>, sometimes hit most happily.</q>
<qau>Herrick.</qau>

<q>O, many a shaft, at <qex>random</qex> sent,
Finds mark the archer little meant !</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Distance to which a missile is cast; range;
reach; <as>as, the <ex>random</ex> of a rifle ball</as>.</def>

<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The direction of a
rake-vein.</def>

<au>Raymond.</au>

<hw>Ran"dom</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Going at random or by
chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction,
aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to
chance; haphazard; <as>as, a <ex>random</ex> guess</as>.</def>

<q>Some <qex>random truths he can impart</qex>.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>

<q>So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the
<qex>random</qex>.</q>
<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>

<cs><col>Random courses</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>courses
of unequal thickness.</cd> -- <col>Random shot</col>, <cd>a shot
not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a shot
with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. -- <col>Random
work</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>stonework consisting of
stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor
always with flat beds.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 1188 -->

<hw>Ran"dom*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
random manner.</def>

<hw>Ran"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Random.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Ran"don</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go or stray at
random.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rane"deer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Reindeer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ra"nee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rani</er>.</def>

<hw>Ran"force`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>renforcer</ets>.]</ety> <def>See
<er>Re<eum/nforce</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bailey.</au>

<hw>Rang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Ring</er>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos></def>

<hw>Range</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ranged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ranging</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rengen</ets>, OF.
<ets>rengier</ets>, F. <ets>ranger</ets>, OF. <ets>renc</ets>
row, rank, F. <ets>rang</ets>; of German origin. See
<er>Rane</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set in a
row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines, or in
ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; <as>as, to
<ex>range</ex> soldiers in line</as>.</def>

<q>Maccabeus <qex>ranged</qex> his army by hands.</q>
<qau>2 Macc. xii. 20.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place (as a single individual) among others
in a line, row, or order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually,
reflexively and figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause,
to join a party, etc.</def>

<q>It would be absurd in me to <qex>range</qex> myself on the
side of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding society.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To separate into parts; to sift.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Holland.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To dispose in a classified or in systematic
order; to arrange regularly; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> plants and
animals in genera and species</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To rove over or through; <as>as, to
<ex>range</ex> the fields</as>.</def>

<q>Teach him to <qex>range</qex> the ditch, and force the
brake.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or
near; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> the coast</as>.</def>

<note><hand/ Compare the last two senses (5 and 6) with the
French <xex>ranger</xex> une c\'93te.</note>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To be native to, or to live
in; to frequent.</def>

<hw>Range</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rove at
large; to wander without restraint or direction; to roam.</def>

<q>Like a <qex>ranging</qex> spaniel that barks at every bird he
sees.</q>
<qau>Burton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have range; to change or differ within
limits; to be capable of projecting, or to admit of being
projected, especially as to horizontal distance; <as>as, the
temperature <ex>ranged</ex> through seventy degrees Fahrenheit;
the gun <ex>ranges</ex> three miles; the shot <ex>ranged</ex>
four miles.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of
arrangement or classification; to rank.</def>

<q>And <qex>range</qex> with humble livers in content.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To have a certain direction; to correspond in
direction; to be or keep in a corresponding line; to trend or
run; -- often followed by <xex>with</xex>; <as>as, the front of a
house <ex>ranges</ex> with the street; to <ex>range</ex> along
the coast.</as></def>

<q>Which way the forests <qex>range</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To be native to, or live in,
a certain district or region; <as>as, the peba <ex>ranges</ex>
from Texas to Paraguay</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll.</syn>

<hw>Range</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Range</er>,
<pos>v.<pos>: cf. F. <ets>rang\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; <as>as, a
<ex>range</ex> of buildings; a <ex>range</ex> of
mountains.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An aggregate of individuals in one rank or
degree; an order; a class.</def>

<q>The next <qex>range</qex> of beings above him are the
immaterial intelligences.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The step of a ladder; a rung.</def>

<au> Clarendon.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A kitchen grate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>He was bid at his first coming to take off the
<qex>range</qex>, and let down the cinders.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Am extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set
in brickwork, and affording conveniences for various ways <?/
cooking; also, a kind of cooking stove.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A bolting sieve to sift meal.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an
excursion; a ramble; an expedition.</def>

<q>He may take a <qex>range</qex> all the world over.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>That which may be ranged over; place or room for
excursion; especially, a region of country in which cattle or
sheep may wander and pasture.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>Extent or space taken in by anything excursive;
compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope; discursive; <as>as,
the <ex>range</ex> of one's voice, or authority</as>.</def>

<q>Far as creation's ample <qex>range</qex> extends.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>The <qex>range</qex> and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled
the whole circle of the arts.</q>
<qau>Bp. Fell.</qau>

<q>A man has not enough <qex>range</qex> of thought.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The region within which a
plant or animal naturally lives.</def>

<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horizontal
distance to which a shot or other projectile is carried.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a
shot or projectile.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A place where
shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced.</def>

<sn>12.</sn> <def>In the public land system of the United States,
a row or line of townships lying between two succession meridian
lines six miles apart.</def>

<note><hand/ The meridians included in each great survey are
numbered in order east and west from the \'bdprincipal
meridian\'b8 of that survey, and the townships in the range are
numbered north and south from the \'bdbase line,\'b8 which runs
east and west; as, township No. 6, N., <xex>range</xex> 7, W.,
from the fifth principal meridian.</note>

<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Range of
cable</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Range of accommodation</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>,
<cd>the distance between the near point and the far point of
distinct vision, -- usually measured and designated by the
strength of the lens which if added to the refracting media of
the eye would cause the rays from the near point to appear as if
they came from the far point.</cd> -- <col>Range finder</col>
<fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>an instrument, or apparatus, variously
constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible
object, -- used to determine what elevation must be given to a
gun in order to hit the object; a position finder.</cd> --
<col>Range of cable</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a certain
length of slack cable ranged along the deck preparatory to
letting go the anchor.</cd> -- <col>Range work</col>
<fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>masonry of squared stones laid in
courses each of which is of even height throughout the length of
the wall; -- distinguished from <xex>broken range work<xex>,
which consists of squared stones laid in courses not continuously
of even height.</cd> -- <col>To get the range of</col> (an
object) <fld>(Gun.)</fld>, <cd>to find the angle at which the
piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying
beyond.</cd></cs>

<hw>Range"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rangement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Arrangement.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Waterland.</au>

<hw>Ran"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a
roving robber.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which separates or arranges; specifically,
a sieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe tamis
<xex>ranger</xex>.\'b8

<au>Holland.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dog that beats the ground in search of
game.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed
with short muskets, who range over the country, and often fight
on foot.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly,
a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters
patent, whose business was to walk through the forest, recover
beasts that had strayed beyond its limits, watch the deer,
present trespasses to the next court held for the forest,
etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><-- similar function for U.S.
national parksand antional monuments. -->

<hw>Ran"ger*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of the
keeper of a forest or park.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Ran"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To range
about in an irregular manner.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ra"ni</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>r\'ben\'c6</ets>, Skr. <ets>r\'bejn\'c6</ets>. See
<er>Rajah</er>.]</ety> <def>A queen or princess; the wife of a
rajah.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ranee</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[India]</mark>

<hw>Ra"nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rana</ets> a frog.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or
designating, a swelling under the tongue; also, pertaining to the
region where the swelling occurs; -- applied especially to
branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.</def>

<hw>Rank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Ranker</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Rankest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ranc</ets> strong, proud; cf. D. <ets>rank</ets> slender,
Dan. <ets>rank</ets> upright, erect, Prov. G. <ets>rank</ets>
slender, Icel. <ets>rakkr</ets> slender, bold. The meaning seems
to have been influenced by L. <ets>rancidus</ets>, E.
<ets>rancid</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Luxuriant in growth;
of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height;
<as>as, <ex>rank</ex> grass; <ex>rank</ex> weeds.</as></def>

<q>And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk,
<qex>rank</qex> and good.</q>
<qau>Gen. xli. 5.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme;
gross; utter; <as>as, <ex>rank</ex> heresy</as>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Rank</xex> nonsense.\'b8 <au>Hare</au>. \'bdI do forgive
thy <xex>rankest</xex> fault.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly;
very rich and fertile; <as>as, <ex>rank</ex> land</as>.</def>

<au>Mortimer.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Strong-scented; rancid; musty; <as>as, oil of a
<ex>rank</ex> smell; <ex>rank</ex>-smelling rue.</as></def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Strong to the taste.</def> \'bdDivers sea fowls
taste <xex>rank</xex> of the fish on which they feed.\'b8

<au>Boyle.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Inflamed with venereal appetite.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><col>Rank modus</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an excessive and
unreasonable modus. See <er>Modus</er>, 3.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To
set</col> (the iron of a plane, etc.) <col>rank</col></mcol>,
<cd>to set so as to take off a thick shaving.</cd>
<au>Moxon.</au></cs>

<hw>Rank</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Rankly; stoutly;
violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>That rides so <qex>rank</qex> and bends his lance so fell.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>

<hw>Rank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>renk</ets>,
<ets>reng</ets>, OF. <ets>renc</ets>, F. <ets>rang</ets>, fr.
OHG. <ets>hring</ets> a circle, a circular row, G.
<ets>ring</ets>. See <er>Ring</er>, and cf. <er>Range</er>,
<pos>n.<pos> & <pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A row or
line; a range; an order; a tier; <as>as, a <ex>rank</ex> of
osiers</as>.</def>

<q>Many a mountain nigh
Rising in lofty <qex>ranks</qex>, and loftier still.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A line of soldiers ranged side
by side; -- opposed to <xex>file</xex>. See 1st <er>File</er>, 1
<sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<q>Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds,
In <qex>ranks</qex> and squadrons and right form of war.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Grade of official standing, as in the army,
navy, or nobility; <as>as, the <ex>rank</ex> of general; the
<ex>rank</ex> of admiral.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>An aggregate of individuals classed together; a
permanent social class; an order; a division; <as>as,
<ex>ranks</ex> and orders of men; the highest and the lowest
<ex>ranks</ex> of men, or of other intelligent beings.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence;
position in civil or social life; station; degree; grade; <as>as,
a writer of the first <ex>rank</ex>; a lawyer of high
<ex>rank</ex>.</as></def>

<q>These all are virtues of a meaner <qex>rank</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high
social position; distinction; eminence; <as>as, a man of
<ex>rank</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Rank and file</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>
<cd>The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals.
In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting
the noncommissioned staff.</cd><-- analogously, the lowest
ranking members of any organization --> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See
under 1st <er>File</er>.</cd> -- <col>The ranks</col>, <cd>the
order or grade of common soldiers; <as>as, to reduce a
noncommissioned officer to <ex>the ranks<ex></as>.</cd> --
<col>To fill the ranks</col>, <cd>to supply the whole number, or
a competent number.</cd> -- <col>To take rank of</col>, <cd>to
have precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher
place than.</cd></cs><-- <col>pull rank</col>, to insist on one's
own prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than
that of one suggesting a different plan -->

<hw>Rank</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ranked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ranking</er>,]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place abreast,
or in a line.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To range in a particular class, order, or
division; to class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in
suitable classes or order; to classify.</def>

<q><qex>Ranking</qex> all things under general and special
heads.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<q>Poets were <qex>ranked</qex> in the class of philosophers.</q>
<qau>Broome.</qau>

<q>Heresy is <qex>ranked</qex> with idolatry and witchcraft.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take rank of; to outrank.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Rank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be ranged; to
be set or disposed, an in a particular degree, class, order, or
division.</def>

<q>Let that one article <qex>rank</qex> with the rest.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a certain grade or degree of elevation
in the orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree
of esteem or consideration; <as>as, he <ex>ranks</ex> with the
first class of poets; he <ex>ranks</ex> high in public
estimation.</as></def>

<hw>Rank"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who ranks,
or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.</def>

<hw>Ran"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rankled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rankling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Rank</er>,
<pos>a.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become, or be, rank; to
grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; -- used literally
and figuratively.</def>

<q>A malady that burns and <qex>rankles</qex> inward.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>

<q>This would have left a <qex>rankling</qex> wound in the hearts
of the people.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to
cause a sore; -- used literally and figuratively; <as>as, a
splinter <ex>rankles</ex> in the flesh; the words
<ex>rankled</ex> in his bosom.</as></def>

<hw>Ran"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to
fester; to make sore; to inflame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>

<hw>Rank"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With rank or
vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, coarsely; grossly; <as>as,
weeds grow <ex>rankly</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Rank"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>rancness</ets>
pride.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being rank.</def>

<hw>Ran"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ran"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>araneus
mus</ets>, a kind of small mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The erd shrew.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Ran"sack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ransacked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ransacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ransaken</ets>,
Icel, <ets>rannsaka</ets> to explore, examine; <ets>rann</ets> a
house (akin to Goth. <ets>razn</ets> house, AS.
<ets>r\'91sn</ets> plank, beam) + the root of <ets>s\'91kja</ets>
to seek, akin to E. <ets>seek</ets>. See <er>Seek</er>, and cf.
<er>Rest</er> repose.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To search
thoroughly; to search every place or part of; <as>as, to
<ex>ransack</ex> a house</as>.</def>

<q>To <qex>ransack</qex> every corner of their . . . hearts.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To plunder; to pillage completely.</def>

<q>Their vow is made
To <qex>ransack</qex> Troy.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To violate; to ravish; to defiour.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Rich spoil of <qex>ransacked</qex> chastity.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ran"sack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a thorough
search.</def>

<q>To <qex>ransack</qex> in the tas [heap] of bodies dead.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Ran"sack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of ransacking, or
state of being ransacked; pillage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Even your father's house
Shall not be free from<qex>ransack</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. Webster.</qau>

<hw>Ran"som</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>raunson</ets>, <ets>raunsoun</ets>, OF.
<ets>ran<cced/on</ets>, <ets>raen<cced/on</ets>,
<ets>raan<cced/on</ets>, F. <ets>ran<cced/on</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>redemptio</ets>, fr. <ets>redimere</ets> to redeem. See
<er>Redeem</er>, and cf. <er>Redemption</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The release of a captive, or of captive, or of captured
property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; <as>as,
prisoners hopeless of <ex>ransom</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The money or price paid for the redemption of a
prisoner, or for goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom
from restraint, penalty, or forfeit.</def>

<q>Thy <qex>ransom</qex> paid, which man from death redeems.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>His captivity in Austria, and the heavy <qex>ransom</qex> he
paid for his liberty.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies/.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A sum paid for the
pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender;
also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<cs><col>Ransom bill</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a war contract,
valid by the law of nations, for the ransom of property captured
at sea and its safe conduct into port.</cd></cs>

<au>Kent.</au>

<hw>Ran"som</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ransomed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Ransoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>ran<cced/onner</ets>. See <er>Ransom</er>,
<pos>n.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To redeem from captivity,
servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out
of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; <as>as, to
<ex>ransom</ex> prisoners from an enemy</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exact a ransom for, or a payment on.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Such lands as he had rule of he <qex>ransomed</qex> them so
grievously, and would tax the men two or three times in a
year.</q>
<qau>Berners.</qau>

<hw>Ran"som*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as
can be ransomed.</def>

<hw>Ran"som*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
ransoms or redeems.</def>

<hw>Ran"som*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable of being
ransomed; without ransom.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ranted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Ranting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OD.
<ets>ranten</ets>, <ets>randen</ets>, to dote, to be
enraged.]</ety> <def>To rave in violent, high-sounding, or
extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to be noisy,
boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; <as>as, a
<ex>ranting</ex> preacher</as>.</def>

<q>Look where my <qex>ranting</qex> host of the Garter comes!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>High-sounding language, without
importance or dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation;
bombast; <as>as, the <ex>rant</ex> of fanatics</as>.</def>

<q>This is a stoical <qex>rant</qex>, without any foundation in
the nature of man or reason of things.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>

<hw>Rant"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
noisy talker; a raving declaimer.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a
religious sect which sprung up in 1645; -- called also
<altname>Seekers</altname>. See <er>Seeker</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded
from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in
fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt.</def>

<hw>Rant"er*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.
Hist.)</fld> <def>The practice or tenets of the Ranters.</def>

<hw>Rant"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ranting
manner.</def>

<hw>Rant"i*pole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Ranty</ets> + <ets>pole</ets>, <ets>poll</ets>,
head.]</ety> <def>A wild, romping young person.</def>
<mark>[Low]</mark>

<au>Marrya<?/.</au>

<hw>Rant"i*pole</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild; roving;
rakish.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<hw>Rant"i*pole</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act like a
rantipole.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<q>She used to <qex>rantipole</qex> about the house.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<hw>Rant"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.
Hist.)</fld> <def>Ranterism.</def>

<hw>Rant"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wild; noisy;
boisterous.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ran"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
little frog, a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, dim. of
<ets>rana</ets> a frog.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cyst
formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of the
submaxillary gland.</def>

<hw>Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Ranunculus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to a natural order of plants
(<spn>Ranunculace\'91</spn>), of which the buttercup is the type,
and which includes also the virgin's bower, the monkshood,
larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony.</def>

<hw>Ra*nun`cu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Ranunculuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Ranunculi</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a little frog, a medicinal plant,
perhaps crowfoot, dim. of <ets>rana</ets> a frog; cf.
<ets>raccare</ets> to roar.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus
of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including crowfoot,
buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi (<spn>R.
Asiaticus</spn>, <spn>R. aconitifolius</spn>, etc.) in which the
flowers are double and of various colors.</def>

<-- p. 1189 -->

<hw>\'d8Ranz" des` vaches"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F., the ranks
or rows of cows, the name being given from the fact that the
cattle, when answering the musical call of their keeper, move
towards him in a row, preceded by those wearing bells.]</ety>
<def>The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies
of the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the
<xex>Alpine horn</xex>, and sometimes sung.</def>

<hw>Rap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A lay or skein containing 120 yards of
yarn.</def>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rapped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Sw. <ets>rappa</ets>
to strike, <ets>rapp</ets> stroke, Dan. <ets>rap</ets>, perhaps
of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To strike with a quick, sharp
blow; to knock; <as>as, to <ex>rap</ex> on the door</as>.</def>

<hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike with a
quick blow; to knock on.</def>

<q>With one great peal they <qex>rap</qex> the door.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>To free (a pattern) in a
mold by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its
removal.</def>

<hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A quick, smart blow; a
knock.</def>

<hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rapped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, usually written
<er>Rapt</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rapen</ets>; akin
to LG. & D. <ets>rapen</ets> to snatch, G. <ets>raffen</ets>, Sw.
<ets>rappa</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>rappe sig</ets> to make haste,
and Icel. <ets>hrapa</ets> to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has
been confused with L. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize. Cf.
<er>Rape</er> robbery, <er>Rapture</er>, <er>Raff</er>,
<pos>v.<pos>, <er>Ramp</er>, <pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.</def>

<q>And through the Greeks and Ilians they <qex>rapt</qex>
The whirring chariot.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<q>From Oxford I was <qex>rapt</qex> by my nephew, Sir Edmund
Bacon, to Redgrove.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hasten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts;
to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or
rapture; <as>as, <ex>rapt</ex> into admiration</as>.</def>

<q>I'm <qex>rapt</qex> with joy to see my Marcia's tears.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q><qex>Rapt</qex> into future times, the bard begun.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To exchange; to truck.</def> <mark>[Obs. &
Law]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>To rap and ren</col>, <col>To rap and
rend</col></mcol>. <ety>[Perhaps fr. Icel. <ets>hrapa<ets> to
hurry and <ets>r\'91na<ets> plunder, fr. <ets>r\'ben<ets>
plunder, E. <ets>ran<ets>.]</ety> <cd>To seize and plunder; to
snatch by violence. <au>Dryden</au>. \'bd[Ye] waste all that ye
may <xex>rape and renne<xex>.\'b8</cd>
<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>All they could <qex>rap and rend</qex> pilfer.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>

-- <col>To rap out</col>, <cd>to utter with sudden violence, as
an oath.</cd>

<q>A judge who <qex>rapped out</qex> a great oath.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
</cs>

<-- 5. To engage in a discussion, converse; (b) (ca. 1985) to
perform a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying
rhythm instruments. -->

<hw>Rap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps contr. fr.
<ets>raparee</ets>.]</ety> <def>A popular name for any of the
tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the
early part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling
value.</def>

<q>Many counterfeits passed about under the name of
<qex>raps</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<q><qex>Tie</qex> it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch
a <qex>rap</qex>,</q>

<q>save with her consent.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Alexander.</qau>

<-- 5. conversation, also rapping; (b) (ca. 1985) a type of
rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; rap
music. -->

<cs><col>Not to care a rap</col>, <cd>to care nothing.</cd> --
<col>Not worth a rap</col>, <cd>worth nothing.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Ra*pa"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Accipitres</er>.</def>

<hw>Rapa"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rapax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, from <ets>rapere</ets> to
seize and carry off, to snatch away. See <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to
seize by violence; seizing by force.</def> \'bd The downfall of
the <xex>rapacious</xex> and licentious Knights Templar.\'b8

<au>Motley.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or
animals seized by violence,; <as>as, a tiger is a
<ex>rapacious</ex> animal; a <ex>rapacious</ex> bird.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also,
greedy; ravenous; voracious; <as>as, <ex>rapacious</ex> usurers;
a <ex>rapacious</ex> appetite.</as></def>

<q>[Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's <qex>rapacious</qex>
claim</q>
<qau>Milton</qau>.

<syn>Syn. -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ra*pa"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Ra*pa"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ra*pac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rapacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rapacite</ets>. See
<er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being
rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; <as>as, the
<ex>rapacity</ex> of pirates; the <ex>rapacity</ex> of
wolves.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or practice of extorting or exacting by
oppressive injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain.</def>
\'bdThe <xex>rapacity</xex> of some ages.\'b8

<au>Sprat.</au>

<hw>Rap`a*ree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rapparee</er>.</def>

<hw>Rape</hw> <pr>(r<amac/p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'83pe</ets> a grape stalk.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fruit,
as grapes, plucked from the cluster.</def>

<au>Ray.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins
from which the must has been expressed in wine making.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A filter containing the above refuse, used in
clarifying and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Rape wine</col>, <cd>a poor, thin wine made from the
last dregs of pressed grapes.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to <ets>rap</ets> to
snatch, but confused with L. <ets>rapere</ets>. See <er>Rap</er>
to snatch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of seizing and
carrying away by force; violent seizure; robbery.</def><-- [Rare]
-->

<q>And ruined orphans of thy <qex>rapes</qex> complain.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Sexual connection with a woman
without her consent. See <cref>Age of consent</cref>, under
<er>Consent</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<-- (b) Any sexual intercourse forced on a person, whether male
or female (also called forcible rape, or sexual assault, and
sometimes, as a euphemism, criminal assault); Any sexual
intercourse performed with a person who is under the age of
consent, whether male or female, is <cref>statutory rape</cref>.
-->

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is snatched away.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Where now are all my hopes? O, never more.
Shall they revive! nor death her <qex>rapes</qex> restore.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<-- 5. (Fig., Colloq.) An action causing results harmful to a
person or thing; as, the <ex>rape</ex> of the land by mining
companies. -->

<hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To commit rape upon; to
ravish.</def>

<-- 2. (Fig., Colloq.) To perform an action causing results
harmful or very unpleasant to a person or thing; as, women
<ex>raped</ex> first by their assailant, and then by the Justice
system.  Corresponds to 2nd <er>rape</er>, n. 5. -->

<cs><col>To rape and ren</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rap</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>, to snatch.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rob; to pillage.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Heywood.</au>

<hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hreppr</ets>
village, district; cf. Icel. <ets>hreppa</ets> to catch, obtain,
AS. <ets>hrepian</ets>, <ets>hreppan</ets>, to touch.]</ety>
<def>One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England,
intermediate between a hundred and a shire.</def>

<hw>Rape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rapa</ets>,
<ets>rapum</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, G.
<ets>r\'81be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to
a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown
for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of
rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage
birds.</def>

<note><hand/ These plants, with the edible turnip, have been
variously named, but are all now believed to be derived from the
<spn>Brassica campestris</spn> of Europe, which by some is not
considered distinct from the wild stock (<spn>B. oleracea</spn>)
of the cabbage. See <er>Cole</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Broom rape</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Broom
rape</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Rape cake</col>,
<cd>the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from
the seed.</cd> -- <col>Rape root</col>. <cd>Same as
<er>Rape</er>.</cd> -- <col>Summer rape</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Colza</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rape"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Violent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to the commission of rape.</def>

<au>Byron.</au>

<hw>Rap"ful*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Raph`a*el*esque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like
Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.</def>

<hw>Raph"a*el*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian
painter.</def>

<hw>Raph"a*el*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism.</def>

<hw>Raph"a*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>raphanie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A convulsive
disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden
and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by
eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (<spn>Raphanus
raphanistrum</spn>) had been mixed, but the condition is now
known to be a form of ergotism.</def>

<hw>Ra"phe</hw> <pr>(r<amac/"f<esl/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a seam or suture, fr. <?/ to sew or stitch
together.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A line,
ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the median line;
<as>as, the <ex>raphe</ex> of the tongue</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Rhaph<?/</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Raph"i*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>raphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Rhaphides</er>.</def>

<hw>Rap"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rapidus</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off,
to snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. <?/; cf. F.
<ets>rapide</ets>. Cf. <er>Harpy</er>, <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast;
<as>as, a <ex>rapid</ex> stream; a <ex>rapid</ex> flight; a
<ex>rapid</ex> motion.</as></def>

<q>Ascend my chariot; guide the <qex>rapid</qex> wheels.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in
progression; in quick sequence; <as>as, <ex>rapid</ex> growth;
<ex>rapid</ex> improvement; <ex>rapid</ex> recurrence;
<ex>rapid</ex> succession.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Quick in execution; <as>as, a <ex>rapid</ex>
penman</as>.</def>

<hw>Rap"id</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rapide</ets>.
See <er>Rapid</er>, <pos>a.<pos>]</ety> <def>The part of a river
where the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual
waterfall or cascade; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, the
Lachine <ex>rapids</ex> in the St. Lawrence</as>.</def><--
sometimes called whitewater -->

<q>Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast,
The <qex>rapids</qex> are near, and the daylight's past.</q>
<qau>Moore.</qau>

<hw>Ra*pid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rapiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rapidit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity;
velocity; <as>as, the <ex>rapidity</ex> of growth or
improvement</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- -- Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity;
swiftness; fleetness; quickness; agility.</syn>

<hw>Rap"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rapid
manner.</def>

<hw>Rap"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being rapid;
rapidity.</def>

<hw>Ra"pi*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rapi\'8are</ets>, perhaps for <ets>raspi\'8are</ets>, and
ultimately of German origin, akin to E. <ets>rasp</ets>,
v.]</ety> <def>A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed
blade, used only for thrusting.</def>

<cs><col>Rapier fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
swordfish. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<au>Grew.</au>

<hw>Ra"pi*ered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a
rapier.</def> \'bdScarletcoated, <xex>rapiered</xex> figures.\'b8

<au>Lowell.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ra*pil"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lapilli.</def>

<hw>Rap"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rapine</ets>; cf. Pr. & It. <ets>rapina</ets>; all fr. L.
<ets>rapina</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off
by force. See <er>Rapid</er>, and cf. <er>Raven</er>
rapine.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of plundering; the
seizing and carrying away of things by force; spoliation;
pillage; plunder.</def>

<q>Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of
<qex>rapine</qex> as by the desire of glory.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ravishment; rape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rap"ine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To plunder.</def>

<au>Sir G. Buck.</au>

<hw>Rap"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to
rapine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rap"page</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The enlargement of a molt caused by
rapping the pattern.</def>

<hw>Rap`pa*ree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wild
Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; -- so called from
his carrying a half-pike, called a <xex>rapary</xex>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>raparee</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rapped</hw> <pr>(r<acr/pt)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>
of <er>Rap</er>, to strike.</def>

<hw>Rapped</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of <er>Rap</er>, to
snatch away.</def>

<hw>Rap*pee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'83p\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>r\'83per</ets> to grate, to rasp.
See <er>Rasp</er>, <pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <def>A pungent kind of
snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds of tobacco
leaves.</def>

<hw>Rap"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf.
<er>Repeal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The beat of the
drum to call soldiers to arms.</def>

<hw>Rap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rap</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which,
raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker of a door.</def>

<au>Sterne.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A forcible oath or lie.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>

<au>Bp. Parker.</au>

<-- 3. A musician specializing in rap music.  -->

<hw>Rap*port"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>rapporter</ets> to bring again or back, to refer; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>apporter</ets> to bring, L.
<ets>apporter</ets> to bring, L. <ets>apportare</ets>. Cf.
<er>Report</er>.]</ety> <def>Relation; proportion; conformity;
correspondence; accord.</def>

<q>'T is obvious what <qex>rapport</qex> there is between the
conceptions and languages in every country.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<cs><col>\'d8En` rap`port"</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[F.]</ety>,
in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, especially a
private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that relation of
sympathy which permits influence or communication.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rap*scal"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rascallion</er>.]</ety> <def>A rascal; a good-for-nothing
fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Howitt.</au>

<hw>Rapt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Rap</er>, to snatch away.</def>

<hw>Rapt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Snatched away;
hurried away or along.</def>

<q>Waters <qex>rapt</qex> with whirling away.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Transported with love, admiration, delight,
etc.; enraptured.</def> \'bdThe <xex>rapt</xex> musician.\'b8

<au>Longfellow.</au>

<cs><col>3</col>. <cd>Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or
meditation.</cd> \'bd<xex>Rapt<xex> in secret studies.\'b8</cs>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rapt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From F. <ets>rapt</ets>
abduction, rape, L. <ets>raptus</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to
seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. <ets>rapt</ets>, a.
See <er>Rapt</er>, <pos>a.<pos>, and <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An ecstasy; a trance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Morton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rapidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Rapt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To transport or
ravish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To carry away by force.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Daniel.</au>

<hw>Rap"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raptor.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Rap"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>raptor</ets>, from <ets>rapere</ets> to ravish. See
<er>Rapid</er>.]</ety> <def>A ravisher; a plunderer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Rap*to"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Raptor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Accipitres</er>. Called also
<altname>Raptatores</altname>.</def>

<hw>Rap*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Rapacious; living upon
prey; -- said especially of certain birds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Adapted for seizing prey; -- said of the legs, claws, etc.,
of insects, birds, and other animals.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of
or pertaining to the Raptores. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
<sd>(f)</sd> of Aves.</def>

<hw>Rap*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>raptorius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Raptorial.</def>

<hw>Rap"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rapere</ets>, <ets>raptum</ets>, to carry off by force. See
<er>Rapid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A seizing by violence; a
hurrying along; rapidity with violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash
With headlong <qex>rapture</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or condition of being rapt, or carried
away from one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a
pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy.</def>

<q>Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer
great conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise
into <qex>rapture</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>You grow correct that once with <qex>rapture writ</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight;
exultation.</syn>

<hw>Rap"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Raptured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rapturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transport with
excitement; to enrapture.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<au>Thomson.</au>

<hw>Rap"tur*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An enthusiast.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>J. Spencer.</au>

<hw>Rap"tur*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & i.</pos> <def>To
put, or be put, in a state of rapture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rap"tur*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ecstatic;
transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or manifesting
rapture; <as>as, <ex>rapturous</ex> joy, pleasure, or delight;
<ex>rapturous</ex> applause.</as></def>

<hw>Rap"tur*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rapturous
manner.</def>

<hw>Rare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rather</er>, <er>Rath</er>.]</ety> <def>Early.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Rude mechanicals that <qex>rare</qex> and late
Work in the market place.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<hw>Rare</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Rarer</er>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Rarest</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>hr<emac/r</ets>, or E. <ets>rare</ets>
early.]</ety> <def>Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly
cooked; underdone; <as>as, <ex>rare</ex> beef or
mutton</as>.</def>

<q>New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care
Turned by a gentle fire, and roasted <qex>rare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<note><hand/ This word is in common use in the United States, but
in England its synonym <xex>underdone</xex> is preferred.</note>

<hw>Rare</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Rarer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Rarest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>rarus</ets>
thin, rare.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not frequent; seldom met with
or occurring; unusual; <as>as, a <ex>rare</ex> event</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent;
valuable to a degree seldom found.</def>

<q><qex>Rare</qex> work, all filled with <qex>terror</qex> and
delight.</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>

<q>Above the rest I judge one beauty <qex>rare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Thinly scattered; dispersed.</def>

<q>Those <qex>rare</qex> and solitary, three in flocks.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characterized by wide separation of parts; of
loose texture; not thick or dense; thin; <as>as, a <ex>rare</ex>
atmosphere at high elevations</as>.</def>

<q>Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen
times <qex>rarer</qex>, than gold.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular;
extraordinary; incomparable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rare</er>,
<er>Scarce</er>. We call a thing <xex>rare</xex> when but few
examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with;
<as>as, a <ex>rare</ex> plant</as>. We speak of a thing as
<xex>scarce</xex>, which, though usually abundant, is for the
time being to be had only in diminished quantities; <as>as, a bad
harvest makes corn <ex>scarce</ex></as>.</usage>

<q>A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the
<qex>rarest</qex> things in the world.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<q>When any particular piece of money grew very
<qex>scarce</qex>, it was often recoined by a succeeding
emperor.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<hw>Rare"bit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dainty
morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See <cref>Welsh rabbit</cref>, under
<er>Rabbit</er>.</def>

<hw>Rar"ee-show`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr.
fr. <ets>rarity-show</ets>.]</ety> <def>A show carried about in a
box; a peep show.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Rar`e*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rar\'82faction</ets>. See <er>Rarefy</er>.]</ety> <def>The
act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; --
opposed to <xex>condensation</xex>; <as>as, the
<ex>rarefaction</ex> of air</as>.</def>

<hw>Rar"e*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rar\'82fiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being
rarefied.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Rar"e*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rarefied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rarefying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rar\'82fier</ets>; L.
<ets>rarus</ets> rare + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make;
cf. L. <ets>rarefacere</ets>. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To
make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge
without adding any new portion of matter to; -- opposed to
<xex>condense</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rar"e*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become less dense; to
become thin and porous.</def> \'bdEarth <xex>rarefies</xex> to
dew.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Rare"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; <as>as,
things <ex>rarely</ex> seen</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d
<er>Rare</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<q>The person who played so <qex>rarely</qex> on the
flageolet.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<q>The rest of the spartments are <qex>rarely</qex> gilded.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<hw>Rare"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of
being rare.</def>

<q>And let the <qex>rareness</qex> the small gift commend.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Rare"ripe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rare</ets> early + <ets>ripe</ets>. Cf.
<er>Rathripe</er>.]</ety> <def>Early ripe; ripe before others, or
before the usual season.</def>

<hw>Rare"ripe`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An early ripening fruit,
especially a kind of freestone peach.</def>

<hw>Rar`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rarefaction</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Am. Chem. Journal.  </au>

<hw>Rar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rarities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>raritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>raret\'82</ets>. See
<er>Rare</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of
being rare; rareness; thinness; <as>as, the <ex>rarity</ex>
(contrasted with the <ex>density</ex>) of gases</as>.</def>

<-- p. 1190 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing
valued for its scarcity.</def>

<q>I saw three <qex>rarities</qex> of different kinds, which
pleased me more than any other shows in the place.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<hw>Ras</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 2d
<er>Reis</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra`sante"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p.
pr. of <ets>raser</ets> to graze.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>
<def>Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in
which the command of the works over each other, and over the
country, is kept very low, in order that the shot may more
effectually sweep or graze the ground before them.</def>

<au>H. L. Scott.</au>

<hw>Ras"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rascaille</ets> rabble, probably from an OF.
<ets>racaille</ets>, F. <ets>racaille</ets> the rabble, rubbish,
probably akin to F. <ets>racler</ets> to scrape, (assumed) LL.
<ets>rasiculare</ets>, <ets>rasicare</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>. See <er>Rase</er>,
<pos>v.<pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person
or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a
lean, ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the
<qex>rascal</qex>.</q>
<qau>Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19).</qau>

<q>Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as
huge as the <qex>rascal</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a
rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster.</q>

<q>For I have sense to serve my turn in store,
And he's a <qex>rascal</qex> who pretends to more.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Ras`cal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the
common herd or common people; low; mean; base.</def>  \'bdThe
<xex>rascal</xex> many.\'b8 <au>Spencer</au>.  \'bdThe
<xex>rascal</xex> people.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>

<q>While she called me <qex>rascal</qex> fiddler.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Ras"cal*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of
being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals; rascals,
collectively.</def>

<au>Emerson.</au>

<hw>Ras"cal*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female rascal.</def>
<mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<hw>Ras*cal`i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rascalities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being rascally, or a
rascal; mean trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The poorer and lower classes of
people.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The chief heads of their clans with their several
<qex>rascalities</qex></q>
<qau>T. Jackson.</qau>

<hw>Ras*cal"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<er>From
Rascal</er>]</ety> <def>A low, mean wretch</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>rascalion</asp>.]</altsp><-- now rapscalion -->

<hw>Ras"cal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; -- often in
humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty.</def>

<q>Our <qex>rascally</qex> porter is fallen fast asleep.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<hw>Rase</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rased</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>raser</ets>, LL. <ets>rasare</ets> to scrape often, v. freq.
fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scrape, shave; cf.
Skr. <ets>rad</ets> to scratch, gnaw, L. <ets>rodere</ets> to
gnaw. Cf. <er>Raze</er>, <er>Razee</er>, <er>Razor</er>,
<er>Rodent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub along the surface
of; to graze.</def><mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<q>Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and might not
the bullet which <qex>rased</qex> his cheek have gone into his
head?</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>Sometimes his feet <qex>rased</qex> the surface of water, and
at others the skylight almost flattened his nose.</q>
<qau>Beckford.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rub or scratch out; to erase.</def>
<mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<q>Except we <qex>rase</qex> the faculty of memory, root and
branch, out of our mind.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To level with the ground; to overthrow; to
destroy; to raze.</def> <altsp>[In this sense <asp>rase</asp> is
generally used.]</altsp>

<q>Till Troy were by their brave hands <qex>rased</qex>,
They would not turn home.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<note><hand/ This word, <xex>rase</xex>, may be considered as
nearly obsolete; <xex>graze</xex>, <xex>erase</xex>, and
<xex>raze</xex>, having superseded it.</note>

<cs><col>Rasing iron</col>, <cd>a tool for removing old oakum and
pitch from the seams of a vessel.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel;
level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish;
ruin.</syn>

<hw>Rase</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be leveled with the
ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rase</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A scratching out,
or erasure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slight wound; a scratch.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Hooker.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A way of measuring in
which the commodity measured was made even with the top of the
measuring vessel by rasing, or striking off, all that was above
it.</def>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<hw>Rash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>arace</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pull off or pluck
violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To slash; to hack; to slice.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q><qex>Rushing</qex> of helms and riving plates asunder.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Rash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>rashe</ets> an
eruption, scurf, F. <ets>rache</ets>; fr. (assumed) LL.
<ets>rasicare</ets> to scratch, fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>,
<ets>rasum</ets>, to scrape, scratch, shave. See <er>Rase</er>,
and cf. <er>Rascal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fine
eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no
elevation.</def>

<cs><col>Canker rash</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --
<col>Nettle rash</col>. <cd>See <er>Urticaria</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rose rash</col>. <cd>See <er>Roseola</er>.</cd> --
<col>Tooth rash</col>. <cd>See <er>Red-gum</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ras</ets>
short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. <ets>raso</ets> satin (cf.
<er>Rase</er>); or cf. It. <ets>rascia</ets> serge, G.
<ets>rasch</ets>, probably fr. <ets>Arras</ets> in France (cf.
<er>Arras</er>).]</ety> <def>An inferior kind of silk, or mixture
of silk and worsted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Donne.</au>

<hw>Rash</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Rasher</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Rashest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably of Scand. origin;
cf. Dan. & Sw. <ets>rask</ets> quick, brisk, rash, Icel.
<ets>r\'94skr</ets> vigorous, brave, akin to D. & G.
<ets>rasch</ets> quick, of uncertain origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Sudden in action; quick; hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdStrong as aconitum or <xex>rash</xex> gunpowder.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>I scarce have leisure to salute you,
My matter is so <qex>rash</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Esp., overhasty in counsel or action;
precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure
without due deliberation and caution; opposed to
<xex>prudent</xex>; said of persons; <as>as, a <ex>rash</ex>
statesman or commander</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too
little reflection; <as>as, <ex>rash</ex> words; <ex>rash</ex>
measures.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling,
as corn.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty;
indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless;
inconsiderate; unwary.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rash</er>,
<er>Adventurous</er>, <er>Foolhardy</er>. A man is
<xex>adventurous</xex> who incurs risk or hazard from a love of
the arduous and the bold. A man is <xex>rash</xex> who does it
from the mere impulse of his feelings, without counting the cost.
A man is <xex>foolhardy</xex> who throws himself into danger in
disregard or defiance of the consequences.</usage>

<q>Was never known a more <qex>adventurous</qex> knight.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Her <qex>rush</qex> hand in evil hour
Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>If any yet to be <qex>foolhardy</qex>
To expose themselves to vain jeopardy;
If they come wounded off, and lame,
No honors got by such a maim.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>

<hw>Rash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To prepare with
haste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<hw>Rash"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In sense 1,
probably fr. <ets>rash</ets>, a., as being hastily cooked.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin slice of bacon.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California rockfish
(<spn>Sebastichthys miniatus</spn>).</def>

<hw>Rash"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rash; hasty;
precipitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rash"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rash
person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rash"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rush manner; with
precipitation.</def>

<q>He that doth anything <qex>rashly</qex>, must do it willingly;
for he was free to deliberate or not.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>

<hw>Rash"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of state of
being rash.</def>

<q>We offend . . . by <qex>rashness</qex>, which is an affirming
or denying, before we have sufficiently informed ourselves.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy;
precipitation; hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness;
inconsideration; carelessness. <er>See Temerity</er>.</syn>

<hw>\'d8Ras*kol"nik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>rascolenik'</ets> schismatic, heretic.]</ety>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of the separatists or dissenters from
the established or Greek church in Russia.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>rascolnik</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>\'d8Ra*so`res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[<er>NL</er>., fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>,
to scratch. See <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds; the
Gallin\'91.</def>

<note><hand/ Formely, the word <spn>Rasores</spn> was used in a
wider sense, so as to include other birds now widely separated in
classification.</note>

<hw>Ra*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Rasores, or
gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, patridge, and
the like.</def>

<hw>Ra"sour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rasor.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rasp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rasped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rasping</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OF. <ets>rasper</ets>, F. <ets>r\'83per</ets>, to scrape,
grate, rasp, fr. OHG. <ets>rasp<omac/n</ets> to scrape together,
to collect, probably akin to E. <ets>rap</ets>. Cf. <er>Rap</er>
to snatch.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with
a rough file; <as>as, to <ex>rasp</ex> wood to make it smooth; to
<ex>rasp</ex> bones to powder.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to
offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; <as>as, some
sounds <ex>rasp</ex> the ear; his insults <ex>rasped</ex> my
temper.</as></def>

<hw>Rasp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>raspe</ets>, OF.
<ets>raspe</ets>, F. <ets>r\'83pe</ets>. See <er>Rasp</er>,
<pos>v.<pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences
are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp
punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true
file.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The raspberry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSet
sorrel amongst <xex>rasps</xex>, and the <xex>rasps</xex> will be
smaller.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<cs><col>Rasp palm</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a Brazilian palm
tree (<spn>Iriartea exorhiza</spn>) which has strong a\'89rial
roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface,
and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the
common name.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Ras`pa*to"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Raspatory</er>.</def>

<hw>Rasp"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>raspatorium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>raspatoir</ets>. See
<er>Rasp</er>, <pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <def>A surgeon's rasp.</def>

<au>Wiseman.</au>

<hw>Rasp"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>, <ety>[From
E. <ets>rasp</ets>, in allusion to the apparent roughness of the
fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
thimble-shaped fruit of the <spn>Rubus Id\'91us</spn> and other
similar brambles; <as>as, the black, the red and the white
<ex>raspberry</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shrub
bearing this fruit.</def>

<note><hand/ Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which
the fruit separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this
differing from the blackberries, in which the fruit is firmly
attached to the receptacle.</note>

<hw>Rasp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
which, rasps; a scraper.</def>

<hw>Ras"pis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
raspberry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Langham.</au>

<hw>Rasp"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a rasp, or
the sound made by a rasp; grating.</def>

<au>R. D. Blackmore.</au>

<hw>Rasse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Malay
<ets>r\'besa</ets> taste, sensation.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A carnivore (<spn>Viverricula Mallaccensis</spn>) allied to
the civet but smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It
furnishes a perfume resembling that of the civet, which is highly
prized by the Javanese. Called also <altname>Malacca
weasel</altname>, and <altname>lesser civet</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ra"sure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rasura</ets>, fr. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to
scrape, to shave. See <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing;
erasure; obliteration.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a
writing or print, is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an
erasure.</def>

<au>Ayliffe.</au>

<hw>Rat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r\'91t</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rat</ets>, OHG.
<ets>rato</ets>, <ets>ratta</ets>, G. <ets>ratte</ets>,
<ets>ratze</ets>, OLG. <ets>ratta</ets>, LG. & Dan.
<ets>rotte</ets>, Sw. <ets>r\'86tta</ets>, F. <ets>rat</ets>, Ir.
& Gael <ets>radan</ets>, Armor. <ets>raz</ets>, of unknown
origin. Cf. <er>Raccoon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the several species of small
rodents of the genus <spn>Mus</spn> and allied genera, larger
than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the
Norway, or brown, rat (<spn>M. Alexandrinus</spn>). These were
introduced into Anerica from the Old World.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar
material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their
natural hair.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who deserts his party or associates; hence,
in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those
prescribed by a trades union.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<note><hand/ \'bdIt so chanced that, not long after the accession
of the house of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the German or
Norway, rats, were first brought over to this country (in some
timber as is said); and being much stronger than the black, or,
till then, the common, rats, they in many places quite extirpated
the latter. The word (both the noun and the verb to
<xex>rat</xex>) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the
converts to the government of George the First, but has by
degrees obtained a wide meaning, and come to be applied to any
sudden and mercenary change in politics.\'b8
<au>Lord Mahon.</au>
</note>

<cs><col>Bamboo rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any Indian
rodent of the genus <spn>Rhizomys</spn>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Beaver rat</col>, <col>Coast rat</col></mcol>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Beaver</er> and
<er>Coast</er>. -- <col>Blind rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the mole rat.</cd> -- <col>Cotton rat</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long-haired rat (<spn>Sigmodon
hispidus</spn>), native of the Southern United States and Mexico.
It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the
crop.</cd> -- <col>Ground rat</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ground
Pig</cref>, under <er>Ground</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog
rat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hedgehog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kangaroo
rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the potoroo.</cd> --
<col>Norway rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common brown
rat. See <er>Rat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pouched rat</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Pocket
Gopher</cref>, under <er>Pocket</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any
African rodent of the genus <spn>Cricetomys</spn>. <col>Rat
Indians</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>a tribe of Indians
dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to Athabascan
stock.</cd> -- <col>Rat mole</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Mole rat</cref>, under <er>Mole</er>. -- <col>Rat pit<col>,
<cd>an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed by a
dog for sport.</cd></cd> -- <col>Rat snake</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large colubrine snake (<spn>Ptyas
mucosus</spn>) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters
dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc.</cd> -- <col>Spiny
rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any South America rodent of
the genus <spn>Echinomys</spn>.</cd> -- <col>To smell a
rat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Smell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Wood
rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any American rat of the
genus <spn>Neotoma</spn>, especially <spn>N. Floridana</spn>,
common in the Southern United States. Its feet and belly are
white.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ratted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ratting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In English
politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to
forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades,
to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those
established by a trades union.</def>

<q>Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having
<qex>ratted</qex>, solely by his inability to follow the friends
of his early days.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To catch or kill rats.</def>

<-- rat on (someone), to inform on an associate,to squeal. -->

<hw>Ra"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Maori.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A New Zealand forest tree
(<spn>Metrosideros robusta</spn>), also, its hard dark red wood,
used by the Maoris for paddles and war clubs.</def>

<hw>Rat`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being ratable.</def>

<hw>Rat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value.</def>

<q>Twenty or\'91 were <qex>ratable</qex> to [at] two marks of
silver.</q>
<qau>Camden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation;
<as>as, <ex>ratable</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Made at a proportionate rate; <as>as,
<ex>ratable</ex> payments</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rat"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Rat"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rat`a*fi"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
Malay <ets>arak</ets> arrack + <ets>t\'bef\'c6a</ets> a spirit
distilled from molasses.]</ety> <def>A spirituous liquor flavored
with the kernels of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit,
spiced, and sweetened with sugar; -- a term applied to the
liqueurs called <xex>noyau</xex>, <xex>cura<cced/ao</xex>,
etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ratifia</asp> and
<asp>ratafee</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ra*tan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rattan</er>.</def>

<hw>Rat"a*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Rhatany</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra`ta`plan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of
a galloping horse.</def>

<hw>Ratch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Rotche</er>.</def>

<hw>Ratch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rack</er> the instrument, <er>Ratchet</er>.]</ety> <def>A
ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or chick
works.</def>

<hw>Ratch"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gravelly
stone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Ratch"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Properly a
diminutive from the same word as <ets>rack</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rochet</ets>. See 2d <er>Ratch</er>, <er>Rack</er> the
instrument.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pawl, click, or detent, for
holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or
ratch, and pawl.  See <cref>Ratchet wheel</cref>, below, and 2d
<er>Ratch</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Ratchet brace</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a boring
brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by
back and forth movements of the brace handle.</cd> --
<col>Ratchet drill</col>, <cd>a portable machine for working a
drill by hand, consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a
drill holder which is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and
pawl, by swinging the lever back and forth.</cd> -- <col>Ratchet
wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a circular wheel having
teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages
to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from
turning backward.</cd></cs>

<-- illustr. Ratchet wheel and ilustr. of ratchet drill -->

<note><hand/ In the cut, the moving pawl <xex>c</xex> slides over
the teeth in one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel
with it, while the pawl <xex>d</xex> prevents it from turning in
the contrary direction.</note>

<-- p. 1191 -->

<hw>Rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr.
E. <ets>rate</ets>, v. t., to value at a certain rate, to
estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. <ets>rata</ets> to find fault,
to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. <ets>hrat</ets>
refuse, <ets>hrati</ets> rubbish.]</ety> <def>To chide with
vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.</def>

<au>Spencer.</au>

<q>Go, <qex>rate</qex> thy minions, proud, insulting boy!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them
from it, and <qex>rating</qex> them for it.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>

<hw>Rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., fr. L.
<ets>rata</ets> (sc. <ets>pars</ets>), fr. <ets>ratus</ets>
reckoned, fixed by calculation, p. p. of <ets>reri</ets> to
reckon, to calculate. Cf. <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.</def>

<q>The one right feeble through the evil <qex>rate</qex>,
Of food which in her duress she had found.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is established as a measure or
criterion; degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; <as>as, a
slow <ex>rate</ex> of movement; <ex>rate</ex> of interest is the
ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum.</as></def>

<q>Heretofore the <qex>rate</qex> and standard of wit was
different from what it is nowadays.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the
<qex>rate</qex> and pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . .
merciful.</q>
<qau>Calamy.</qau>

<q>Many of the horse could not march at that <qex>rate</qex>, nor
come up soon enough.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Variation; prise fixed with relation to a
standard; cost; charge; <as>as, high or low <ex>rates</ex> of
transportation</as>.</def>

<q>They come at dear <qex>rates</qex> from Japan.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A tax or sum assessed by authority on property
for public use, according to its income or value; esp., in
England, a local tax; <as>as, parish <ex>rates</ex>; town
<ex>rates</ex>.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Order; arrangement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Thus sat they all around in seemly <qex>rate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Ratification; approval.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Chapman.</au>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>The gain or loss of a
timepiece in a unit of time; <as>as, daily <ex>rate</ex>; hourly
<ex>rate</ex>; etc.</as></def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The order or
class to which a war vessel belongs, determined according to its
size, armament, etc.; <as>as, first <ex>rate</ex>, second
<ex>rate</ex>, etc</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The class of a
merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined by its relative
safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc.</def>

<hw>Rate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set a certain
estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree.</def>

<q>To <qex>rate</qex> a man by the nature of his companions is a
rule frequent indeed, but not infallible.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>You seem not high enough your joys to <qex>rate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assess for the payment of a rate or
tax.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To settle the relative scale, rank, position,
amount, value, or quality of; <as>as, to <ex>rate</ex> a ship; to
<ex>rate</ex> a seaman; to <ex>rate</ex> a pension.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To ratify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo
<xex>rate</xex> the truce.\'b8  <au>Chapman</au>.

<cs><col>To rate a chronometer</col>, <cd>to ascertain the exact
rate of its gain or loss as compared with true time, so as to
make an allowance or computation depended thereon.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.</syn>

<hw>Rate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be set or
considered in a class; to have rank; <as>as, the ship
<ex>rates</ex> as a ship of the line</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make an estimate.</def>

<hw>Rate"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ratable</er>.</def>

<hw>Ra"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any carnivore of the genus
<spn>Mellivora</spn>, allied to the weasels and the skunks; --
called also <altname>honey badger</altname>.</def>

<note><hand/ Several species are known in Africa and India. The
Cape ratel (<spn>M. Capensis</spn>) and the Indian ratel (<spn>M.
Indica</spn>) are the best known.  The back is gray; the lower
parts, face, and tail are black. They are fond of honey, and rob
the nests of wild bees.</note>

<hw>Rate"pay`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
pays rates or taxes.</def>

<hw>Rat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rates or
estimates.</def>

<hw>Rat"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rates or
scolds.</def>

<hw>Rat"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rat-tail</er>.</def>

<hw>Rath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.
<ets>rath</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hill or mound.</def>
<mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<au>Spencer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of ancient fortification found in
Ireland.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rath</hw>, <hw>Rathe</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr\'91\'eb</ets>,
<ets>hr\'91d</ets>, quick, akin to OHG. <ets>hrad</ets>, Icel.
<ets>hra\'ebr</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coming before others, or before
the usual time; early.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<q>Bring the <qex>rathe</qex> primrose that forsaken dies.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rath</hw>, <hw>Rathe</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Early; soon; betimes.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<q>Why rise ye up so <qex>rathe</qex>?</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Too <qex>rathe</qex> cut off by practice criminal.</q>
<qau>Spencer.</qau>

<hw>Rath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Compar. of
<er>Rath</er>, <pos>a.<pos>]</ety> <def>Prior; earlier;
former.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Now no man dwelleth at the <qex>rather</qex> town.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Mandeville.</qau>

<hw>Rath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hra\'ebor</ets>, compar. of <ets>hra\'ebe</ets>,
<ets>hr\'91\'ebe</ets>, quickly, immediately. See <er>Rath</er>,
<pos>a.<pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Earlier; sooner; before.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Thou shalt, quod he, be <qex>rather</qex> false than I.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>A good mean to come the <qex>rather</qex> to grace.</q>
<qau>Foxe.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>More readily or willingly; preferably.</def>

<q>My soul chooseth . . . death <qex>rather</qex> than my
life.</q>
<qau>Job vii. 15.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>On the other hand; to the contrary of what was
said or suggested; instead.</def>

<q>Was nothing bettered, but <qex>rather</qex> grew worse.</q>
<qau>Mark v. 26.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Of two alternatives conceived of, by preference
to, or as more likely than, the other; somewhat.</def>

<q>He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain,
And nowhere finding, <qex>rather</qex> feared her slain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>More properly; more correctly speaking.</def>

<q>This is an art
Which does mend nature, change it <qex>rather</qex>, but
The art itself is nature.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>In some degree; somewhat; <as>as, the day is
<ex>rather</ex> warm; the house is <ex>rather</ex>
damp.</as></def>

<cs><col>The rather</col>, <cd>the more so; especially; for
better reason; for particular cause.</cd>

<q>You are come to me in happy time,
<qex>The rather</qex> for I have some sport in hand.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

-- <mcol><col>Had rather</col>, <or/ <col>Would
rather</col></mcol>, <cd>prefer to; prefers to; <as>as, he
<ex>had, <or/ would, rather</ex> go than stay</as>.</cd> \'bdI
<xex>had rather</xex> speak five words with my understanding than
ten thousands words in an unknown tongue.\'b8 <au>1 Cor. xiv.
19</au>. See <cref>Had rather</cref>, under <er>Had</er>.</cs>

<hw>Rath"ripe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rareripe, or
early ripe.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A rareripe.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark></def2>

<q>Such who delight in <qex>rathripe</qex> fruits.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Rat`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>ratification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ratifying; the
state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; <as>as, the
<ex>ratification</ex> of a treaty</as>.

<hw>Rat"i*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, ratifies; a confirmer.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rat"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ratified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ratifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ratifier</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>ratus</ets> fixed by calculation, firm, valid +
<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Rate</er>,
<pos>n.<pos>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To approve and
sanction; to make valid; to establish; to settle; especially, to
give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant;
<as>as, to <ex>ratify</ex> an agreement, treaty, or contract; to
<ex>ratify</ex> a nomination.</as></def>

<q>It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie
by <qex>ratifying</qex> an imposture with such a miracle.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<hw>Rat`i*ha*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ratihabitio</ets>; <ets>ratus</ets> fixed, valid +
<ets>habere</ets> to hold.]</ety> <def>Confirmation or
approbation, as of an act or contract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Jer. Tailor.</au>

<hw>Ra"ti*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>reri</ets>, <ets>ratus</ets>, to reckon, believe, think,
judge. See <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld>
<def>The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another
of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division
of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is
expressed by <frac36/ or <frac12/; of <it>a</it> to <it>b</it> by
<fract>a/b</fract>; or (less commonly) the second is made the
dividend; as, <mathex>a:b = <fract>b/a</fract></mathex>.</def>

<note><hand/ Some writers consider <xex>ratio</xex> as the
quotient itself, making ratio equivalent to a number.

The term <xex>ratio</xex> is also sometimes applied to the
<xex>difference</xex> of two quantities as well as to their
quotient, in which case the former is called <xex>arithmetical
ratio</xex>, the latter, <xex>geometrical ratio</xex>. The name
<xex>ratio</xex> is sometimes given to the <xex>rule of
three</xex> in arithmetic. See under <er>Rule</er>.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or
degree; rate; proportion; <as>as, the ratio of representation in
Congress</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Compound ratio</col>, <col>Duplicate ratio</col>,
<col>Inverse ratio</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under
<er>Compound</er>, <er>Duplicate</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Ratio of
a geometrical progression</col>, <cd>the constant quantity by
which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding
one.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ratiocinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ratiocinari</ets>, fr.
<ets>ratio</ets> reason. See <er>Ratio</er>.]</ety> <def>To
reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument.</def>

<hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ratiocinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ratiocination</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from
premises; deductive reasoning.</def>

<hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ratiocinativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by, or
addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of
proportions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the
comparison; argumentative; <as>as, a <ex>ratiocinative</ex>
process</as>.</def>

<q>The <qex>ratiocinative</qex> meditativeness of his
character.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Ratiocinative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>ratio</ets> a reckoning, calculation, relation, reference,
LL. <ets>ratio</ets> ration. See <er>Ratio</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned
to a soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his
subsistence.</def>

<note><hand/ Officers have several rations, the number varying
according to their rank or the number of their attendants.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt
out; an allowance; an allotment.</def>

<hw>Ra"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To supply with rations,
as a regiment.</def>

<hw>Ra"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rationalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rationnel</ets>. See
<er>Ratio</er>, <er>Reason</er>, and cf.
<er>Rationale</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to reason;
not physical; mental.</def>

<q>Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the
<qex>rational</qex>, the natural, and mathematics . . . were but
simple pastimes in comparison of the other.</q>
<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning;
endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning.</def>

<q>It is our glory and happiness to have a <qex>rational</qex>
nature.</q>
<qau>Law.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous,
extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious;
<as>as, <ex>rational</ex> conduct; a <ex>rational</ex>
man.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Expressing the type,
structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; --
said of formul\'91. See under <er>Formula</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Rational horizon</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Horizon</er>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Rational
quantity</col> <fld>(Alg. )</fld>, <cd>one that can be expressed
without the use of a radical sign, or in extract parts of unity;
-- opposed to <xex>irrational<xex> or <xex>radical
quantity<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Rational symptom</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>one elicited by the statements of the
patient himself and not as the result of a physical
examination.</cd></cs>
<-- rational drug design. -->

<syn>Syn. -- Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible;
wise; discreet; judicious.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Rational</er>,
<er>reasonable</er>. <xex>Rational</xex> has reference to reason
as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to traditional; <as>as,
a <ex>rational</ex> being, a <ex>rational</ex> state of mind,
<ex>rational</ex> views, etc</as>. In these cases the speculative
reason is more particularly, referred to. <xex>Reasonable</xex>
has reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical
purposes, and means, governed or directed by reason; <as>as,
<ex>reasonable</ex> prospect of success</as>.</usage>

<q>What higher in her society thou find'st
Attractive, human, <qex>rational</qex>, love still.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>A law may be <qex>reasonable</qex> in itself, although a man
does not allow it, or does not know the reason of the
lawgivers.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<hw>Ra"tion*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rational being.</def>

<au>Young.</au>

<hw>Ra`tion*a"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rationalis</ets>, neut. <ets>rationale</ets>. See
<er>Rational</er>, <pos>a.<pos>]</ety> <def>An explanation or
exposition of the principles of some opinion, action, hypothesis,
phenomenon, or like; also, the principles themselves.</def>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rationalisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>
<def>The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious
opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or
opposed to, revelation.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The system that makes
rational power the ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to
<xex>sensualism</xex>, or <xex>sensationalism</xex>, and
<xex>empiricism</xex>.</def>

<au>Fleming.</au>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rationaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who accepts rationalism
as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See
Citation under <er>Reasonist</er>.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ra`tion*al*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of
rationalism.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ra`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>rationalit\'82</ets>, or L. <ets>rationalitas</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The quality or state of being rational; agreement with
reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason;
reasonableness.</def>

<q>When God has made <qex>rationality</qex> the common portion of
mankind, how came it to be thy inclosure?</q>
<qau>Gov. of Tongue.</qau>

<q>Well-directed intentions, whose <qex>rationalities</qex> will
never bear a rigid examination.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>

<hw>Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act or process of rationalizing.</def>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make rational; also, to convert to
rationalism.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To interpret in the manner of a
rationalist.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To form a rational conception of.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>To render rational; to free
from radical signs or quantities.</def>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use, and rely
on, reason in forming a theory, belief, etc., especially in
matters of religion: to accord with the principles of
rationalism.</def>

<q>Theodore . . . is just considered the chief
<qex>rationalizing</qex> doctor of antiquity.</q>
<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rational
manner.</def>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being rational; rationality.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ra*ti"t\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ratis</ets> a raft; cf. L.
<ets>ratitus</ets> marked with the figure of a raft.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds in which the wings
are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone is
destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, and apteryx are
examples.</def>

<hw>Rat"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Ratit\'91.</def>

<hw>Rat"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Ratit\'91.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Ratit\'91.</def></def2>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rat"lines</hw>, <hw>rat"lins</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.
pl.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and
forming the steps of a rope ladder.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>ratlings</asp>, and <asp>rattlings</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Totten.</au>

<hw>Rat"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Raccoon</er>.]</ety> <def>A small rat.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<hw>Ra*toon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Same as <er>Rattoon</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rattan cane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Pepys.</au>

<hw>Ra*toon"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rattoon</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>

<hw>Rats"bane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rat</ets> + <ets>bane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rat poison;
white arsenic.</def>

<hw>Rats"baned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Poisoned by
ratsbane.</def>

<hw>Rat"-tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a rat's
tale in form; <as>as, a <ex>rat-tail</ex> file, which is round,
slender, and tapering</as>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>File</er>.</def>

<hw>Rat"-tail`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld>
<pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An excrescence growing from the pastern to
the middle of the shank of a horse.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
California chim\'91ra. See <er>Chim\'91ra</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any fish of the genus <spn>Macrurus</spn>. See
<er>Grenadier</er>, 2.</def>

<hw>Rat"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a long, tapering tail like that
of a rat.</def>

<cs><col>Rat-tailed larva</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. See
<er>Eristalis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rat-tailed serpent</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fer-de-lance.</cd> --
<col>Rat-tailed shrew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the musk
shrew.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rat*tan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay
<ets>r<omac/tan</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>ratan</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Bot. )</fld> <def>One of the
long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the
genus <spn>Calamus</spn>, mostly East Indian, though some are
African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used
for walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords
and cordage, and many other purposes.</def>

<hw>Rat*teen"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ratine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick woolen stuff quilled or
twilled.</def>

<hw>Rat"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>ratten</ets> a rat, hence the verb literally means, to do
mischief like a rat.]</ety> <def>To deprive feloniously of the
tools used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them),
for the purpose of annoying; <as>as, to <ex>ratten</ex> a
mechanic who works during a strike</as>.</def>
<mark>[Trades-union Cant]</mark>

<au>J. McCarthy.</au>

<hw>Rat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained
to catch rats; a rat terrier. See <er>Terrier</er>.</def>

<hw>Rat`ti*net"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woolen
stuff thinner than ratteen.</def>

<hw>Rat"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The conduct or practices of one who rats.  See <er>Rat</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>, 1.</def>

<au>Sydney Smith.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The low sport of setting a dog upon rats
confined in a pit to see how many he will kill in a given
time.</def>

<hw>Rat"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rattled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rattling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>ratelen</ets>,
G. <ets>rasseln</ets>, AS. <ets>hr\'91tele</ets> a rattle, in
<ets>hr\'91tel</ets>wyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. <?/  to swing, wave.
Cf. <er>Rail</er> a bird.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a quick
succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by the collision of
hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together; to
clatter.</def>

<q>And the rude hail in <qex>rattling</qex> tempest forms.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>'T was but the wind,
Or the car <qex>rattling</qex> o'er the stony street.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>

<-- p. 1192 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a
clattering; <as>as, we <ex>rattled</ex> along for a couple of
miles</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a clatter with a voice; to talk rapidly
and idly; to clatter; -- with <xex>on</xex> or <xex>away</xex>;
<as>as, she <ex>rattled</ex> on for an hour</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hw>Rat"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cause to make a ratting or clattering sound; <as>as, to
<ex>rattle</ex> a chain</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assail, annoy, or stun with a ratting
noise</def>.

<q>Sound but another [drum], and another shall
As loud as thine <qex>rattle</qex> the welkin's ear.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; <as>as, to
<ex>rattle</ex> one's judgment; to <ex>rattle</ex> a player in a
game.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To scold; to rail at.</def>

<au>L'Estrange.</au>

<cs><col>To rattle off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To tell glibly or
noisily; as, to <xex>rattle off<xex> a story</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>To rail at; to scold</cd>. \'bdShe would sometimes
<xex>rattle off<xex> her servants sharply.\'b8</cd>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au></cs>

<hw>Rat"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rapid
succession of sharp, clattering sounds; <as>as, the
<ex>rattle</ex> of a drum</as>.</def>

<au>Prior.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Noisy, rapid talk.</def>

<q>All this ado about the golden age is but an empty
<qex>rattle</qex> and frivolous conceit.</q>
<qau>Hakewill.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument with which a ratting sound is
made; especially, a child's toy that rattle when shaken.</def>

<q>The <qex>rattles</qex> of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea
nearly enough resemble each other.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>

<q>Pleased with a <qex>rattle</qex>, tickled with a straw.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer.</def>

<q>It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much
perspicuity, vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he
took a part in conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering
<qex>rattle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A scolding; a sharp rebuke.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Heylin.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any organ of an animal
having a structure adapted to produce a ratting sound.</def>

<note><hand/ The <xex>rattle</xex> of the rattlesnake is composed
of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not
cast off, and so modified in form as to make a series of loose,
hollow joints.</note>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>The noise in the throat produced by the air in
passing through mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; --
chiefly observable at the approach of death, when it is called
the <xex>death rattle</xex>. See <er>R<acir/le</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To spring a rattle</col>, <cd>to cause it to sound.</cd>
-- <col>Yellow rattle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
yellow-flowered herb (<spn>Rhinanthus Crista-galli</spn>), the
ripe seeds of which rattle in the inflated calyx.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rat"tle*box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A toy that makes a rattle sound; a rattle.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American herb
(<spn>Crotalaria sagittalis</spn>), the seeds of which, when
ripe, rattle in the inflated pod.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any
species of <spn>Crotalaria</spn>, a genus of yellow-flowered
herbs, with inflated, many-seeded pods.</def>

<hw>Rat"tle-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giddy;
rattle-headed.</def>

<hw>Rat"tle*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An empty,
noisy talker.</def>

<hw>Rat"tle-head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Noisy; giddy;
unsteady.</def>

<hw>Rat"tle*mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
bat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Puttenham.</au>

<hw>Rat"tle*pate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rattlehead.</def>

<au>C. Kingsley.</au>

<hw>Rat"tle-pat`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rattle-headed.</def>
\'bdA noisy, <xex>rattle-pated</xex> fellow.\'b8

<au>W. Irving.</au>

<hw>Rat"tler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, rattles.</def>

<hw>Rat"tle*snake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of venomous
American snakes belonging to the genera <spn>Crotalus</spn> and
<spn>Caudisona</spn>, or <spn>Sistrurus</spn>. They have a series
of horny interlocking joints at the end of the tail which make a
sharp ratting sound when shaken. The common rattlesnake of the
Northern United States (<spn>Crotalus horridus</spn>), and the
diamond rattlesnake of the south (<spn>C. adamanteus</spn>), are
the best known. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Fang</er>.</def>
<-- also called rattler, and C. adamateus, and C. atrox are also
called the diamondback rattler, or diamondback. -->

<cs><col>Ground rattlesnake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
small rattlesnake (<spn>Caudisona, <or/ Sistrurus,
miliaria</spn>) of the Southern United States, having a small
rattle. It has nine large scales on its head.</cd> --
<col>Rattlesnake fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a common
American fern (<spn>Botrychium Virginianum</spn>) having a
triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked panicle of spore
cases rising from the middle of the frond.</cd> --
<col>Rattlesnake grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome
American grass (<spn>Glyceria Canadensis</spn>) with an ample
panicle of rather large ovate spikelets, each one composed of
imbricated parts and slightly resembling the rattle of the
rattlesnake. Sometimes called <altname>quaking
grass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake plantain</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>See under <er>Plantain</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rattlesnake root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given
to certain American species of the composite genus
<spn>Prenanthes</spn> (<spn>P. alba</spn> and <spn>P.
serpentaria</spn>), formerly asserted to cure the bite of the
rattlesnake. Calling also <altname>lion's foot</altname>,
<altname>gall of the earth</altname>, and <altname>white
lettuce</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake's master</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A species of Agave (<spn>Agave
Virginica</spn>) growing in the Southern United States</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Eryngium
yucc\'91folium</spn>) with large bristly-fringed linear
leaves</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A composite plant, the blazing star
(<spn>Liatris squarrosa</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake
weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the composite genus
<spn>Hieracium</spn> (<spn>H. venosum</spn>); -- probably so
named from its spotted leaves. See also
<er>Snakeroot</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rat"tle*trap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any
machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>A. Trollope.</au>

<hw>Rat"tle*weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus
<spn>Astragalus</spn>. See <er>Milk vetch</er>.</def>

<hw>Rat"tle*wings`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The golden-eye.</def>

<hw>Rat"tle*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hr\'91telwyrt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Rattlebox</er>.</def>

<hw>Rat"tlings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Ratlines.</def>

<hw>Rat*toon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>reto\'a4o</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the stems or shoots of
sugar cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later.
See <er>Plant-cane</er>.</def>

<hw>Rat*toon"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rattooned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rattooning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sp.
<ets>reto\'a4ar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sprout or spring up from
the root, as sugar cane of the previous year's planting.</def>

<hw>Rau"cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>raucus</ets> hoarse; cf. LL. <ets>raucidus</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Hoarse; raucous</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Lamb.</au>

<hw>Rau"ci*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rausitas</ets>, from <ets>raucus</ets> hoarse: cf. F.
<ets>raucit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Harshness of sound; rough
utterance; hoarseness; <as>as, the <ex>raucity</ex> of a trumpet,
or of the human voice</as>.</def>

<hw>Rau"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>raucus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hoarse; harsh; rough; <as>as, a
<ex>raucous</ex>, thick tone</as>.</def> \'bdHis voice slightly
<xex>raucous</xex>.\'b8 <au>Aytoun</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Rau"cous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Raught</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &
p. p.</pos> of <er>Reach</er>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Raught</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>
of <er>Reck</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Raunch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ranch</er>.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Raun*soun"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Ransom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rav"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
(assumed) L. <ets>rapagium</ets>, <ets>rapaticum</ets>, fr.
<ets>rapere</ets> to carry off by force, to ravish. See
<er>Rapacious</er>, <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety> <def>Desolation by
violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation; havoc; waste;
<as>as, the <ex>ravage</ex> of a lion; the <ex>ravages</ex> of
fire or tempest; the <ex>ravages</ex> of an army, or of
time.</as></def>
<-- ravages of time -->

<q>Would one think 't were possible for love
To make such <qex>ravage</qex> in a noble soul?</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage;
plunder; spoil; waste; ruin.</syn>

<hw>Rav"age</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ravaged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Ravaging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>ravager</ets>. See <er>Ravage</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety>
<def>To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit
havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to
consume.</def>

<q>Already C\'91sar
Has <qex>ravaged</qex> more than half the globe.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>His lands were daily <qex>ravaged</qex>, his cattle driven
away.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To despoil; pillage; plunger; sack; spoil;
devastate; desolate; destroy; waste; ruin.</syn>

<hw>Rav"a*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler.</def>

<hw>Rave</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>raves</ets>, or
<ets>rathes</ets>, a frame laid on a wagon, for carrying hay,
etc.]</ety> <def>One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a
wagon body or a sleigh.</def>

<hw>Rave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Raved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Raving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'88ver</ets> to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps
fr. L. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf.
<er>Rage</er>, <er>Reverie</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act
irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman.</def>

<q>In our madness evermore we <qex>rave</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Have I not cause to <qex>rave</qex> and beat my breast?</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went
<qex>raving</qex> down the valley to the gorge of
Kiliecrankie.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rush wildly or furiously.</def>

<au>Spencer.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or
excessive passion or excitement; -- followed by <xex>about</xex>,
<xex>of</xex>, or <xex>on</xex>; <as>as, he <ex>raved</ex> about
her beauty</as>.</def>

<q>The hallowed scene
Which others <qex>rave</qex> on, though they know it not.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>

<hw>Rave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter in madness or
frenzy; to say wildly; <as>as, to <ex>rave</ex>
nonsense</as>.</def>

<au>Young.</au>

<hw>Rave"hook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A tool, hooked at the end, for
enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum.</def>

<hw>Rav"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Raveled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
or <er>Ravelled</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Raveling</er> or <er>Ravelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[.
<ets>ravelen</ets>, D. <ets>rafelen</ets>, akin to LG.
<ets>rebeln</ets>, <ets>rebbeln</ets>, <ets>reffeln</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate or undo the texture of; to take
apart; to untwist; to unweave or unknit; -- often followed by
<xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>ravel</ex> a twist; to
<ex>ravel</ex> out a sticking.</as></def><-- = to unravel? -->

<q>Sleep, that knits up the <qex>raveled</qex> sleave of
care.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To undo the intricacies of; to
disentangle.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and
let them fall into a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make
intricate; to involve.</def>

<q>What glory's due to him that could divide
Such <qex>raveled</qex> interests? has he not untied?</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>

<q>The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and
indifferent, is so often untwisted by violence, or
<qex>raveled</qex> and entangled in weak discourses!</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<hw>Rav"el</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become
untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved of
intricacy.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall into perplexity and confusion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Till, by their own perplexities involved,
They <qex>ravel</qex> more, still less resolved.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make investigation or search, as by picking
out the threads of a woven pattern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The humor of <qex>raveling</qex> into all these mystical or
entangled matters.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<hw>Rav"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Also
<ets>raveller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who ravels.</def>

<hw>Rave"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; cf. Sp.
<ets>rebellin</ets>, It. <ets>revellino</ets>,
<ets>rivellino</ets>; perhaps fr. L. <ets>re-</ets> again +
<ets>vallum</ets> wall.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A detached
work with two embankments with make a salient angle. It is raised
before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place. Formerly
called <xex>demilune</xex> and <xex>half-moon</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rav"el*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Also
<ets>ravelling</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
untwisting, or of disentangling.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is raveled out; esp., a thread
detached from a texture.</def>

<hw>Ra"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hr\'91fn</ets>; akin to <ets>raaf</ets>, G. <ets>rabe</ets>,
OHG. <ets>hraban</ets>, Icel. <ets>hrafn</ets>, Dan.
<ets>ravn</ets>, and perhaps to L. <ets>corvus</ets>, Gr. <?/.
<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large black
passerine bird (<spn>Corvus corax</spn>), similar to the crow,
but larger. It is native of the northern part of Europe, Asia and
America, and is noted for its sagacity.</def>

<cs><col>Sea raven</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
cormorant.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ra"ven</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the color of the raven;
jet black; <as>as, <ex>raven</ex> curls; <ex>raven</ex>
darkness.</as></def>

<-- raven-haired -->

<hw>Rav"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>ravine</ets> impetuosity, violence, F. <ets>ravine</ets>
ravine. See <er>Ravine</er>, <er>Rapine</er>.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>ravin</asp>, and
<asp>ravine</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rapine;
rapacity.</def> <au>Ray</au>.

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.</def>

<hw>Rav"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ravened</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Ravening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also
<ets>ravin</ets>, and <ets>ravine</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To obtain or seize by violence.</def>

<au>Hakewill.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To devoir with great eagerness.</def>

<q>Like rats that <qex>ravin</qex> down their proper bane.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rav"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To prey with rapacity; to
be greedy; to show rapacity.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>ravin</asp>, and <asp>ravine</asp>.]</altsp>

<q>Benjamin shall <qex>raven</qex> as a wolf.</q>
<qau>Gen. xlix. 27.</qau>

<hw>\'d8Rav`e*na"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Malagasy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants
related to the banana.</def>

<note><hand/ <spn>Ravenala Madagascariensis</spn>, the principal
species, is an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves
growing alternately from two sides of the stem. The sheathing
bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain water, which
flows freely when they are pierced with a knife, whence the plant
is called <altname>traveller's tree</altname>.</note>

<hw>Rav"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, ravens or plunders.</def>

<au>Gower.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Holland.</au>

<hw>Rav"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Eagerness for plunder;
rapacity; extortion.</def>

<au>Luke xi. 39.</au>

<hw>Rav"en*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Greedily devouring;
rapacious; <as>as, <ex>ravening</ex> wolves</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rav"en*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rav"en*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 2d
<er>Raven</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Devouring with rapacious
eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; <as>as, a
<ex>ravenous</ex> wolf or vulture</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Eager for prey or gratification; <as>as, a
<ex>ravenous</ex> appetite or desire</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rav"en*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rav"en*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ra"ven's-duck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>ravenstuch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fine quality of
sailcloth.</def>

<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>

<hw>Rav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
raves.</def>

<hw>Rav"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ravenous.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rav"in</hw>, <hw>Ravine</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d <er>Raven</er>.]</ety> <def>Food
obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven.</def> \'bdFowls of
<xex>ravyne</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Though Nature, red in tooth and claw
With <qex>ravine</qex>, shrieked against his creed.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<-- famous quote from In memoriam, 56, st. 4 -->

<mhw>{ <hw>Rav"in</hw>, <hw>Rav"ine</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t. &
i.</pos> <def>See <er>Raven</er>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos></def>

<hw>Ra*vine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a place
excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr. <ets>ravir</ets> to snatch
or tear away, L. <ets>rapere</ets>; cf. L. <ets>rapina</ets>
rapine. See <er>Ravish</er>, and cf. <er>Rapine</er>,
<er>Raven</er> prey.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A torrent of
water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Cotgrave.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a
stream or torrent of water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.</def>

<hw>Rav"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Talking
irrationally and wildly; <as>as, a <ex>raving</ex>
lunatic</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rav"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rav"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ravished</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ravishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ravissen</ets>,
F. <ets>ravir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rapere</ets> to snatch or tear
away, to ravish. See <er>Rapacious</er>, <er>Rapid</er>, and
<er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To seize and carry away by
violence; to snatch by force.</def>

<q>These hairs which thou dost <qex>ravish</qex> from my chin
Will quicken, and accuse thee.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>This hand shall <qex>ravish</qex> thy pretended right.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To transport with joy or delight; to delight to
ecstasy.</def> \'bd<xex>Ravished</xex> . . . for the joy.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Thou hast <qex>ravished</qex> my heart.</q>
<qau>Cant. iv. 9.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force,
and against her consent; to rape.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate;
deflour; force.</syn>
<-- sic. "deflour" is given in this dict. as the preferred sp. of
"deflower" -->

<hw>Rav"ish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
ravishes (in any sense).</def>

<hw>Rav"ish*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rapturous;
transporting.</def>

<hw>Rav"ish*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ravishing
manner.</def>

<hw>Rav"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ravissement</ets>. See <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of carrying away by force or against
consent; abduction; <as>as, the <ex>ravishment</ex> of children
from their parents, or a ward from his guardian, or of a wife
from her husband</as>.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being ravished; rapture; transport
of delight; ecstasy.</def>

<au>Spencer.</au>

<q>In whose sight all things joy, with <qex>ravishment</qex>
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of ravishing a woman; rape.</def>

<hw>Rav"is*sant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In a half-raised position, as if about to
spring on prey.</def>

<-- p. 1193 -->

<hw>Raw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar</pos> <er>Rawer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Rawest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hre\'a0w</ets>; akin to D. <ets>raauw</ets>, LG.
<ets>rau</ets>, G. <ets>roh</ets>, OHG. <ets>r<omac/</ets>, Icel.
<ets>hr\'ber</ets>, Dan. <ets>raa</ets>, Sw. <ets>r\'86</ets>, L.
<ets>crudus</ets>, Gr. <grk>kre`as</grk> flesh, Skr.
<ets>kravis</ets> raw flesh. <root/18. Cf. <er>Crude</er>,
<er>Cruel</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Not altered from its natural state; not prepared
by the action of heat; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> sienna</as>;
specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable
for eating; not done; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> meat</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment;
immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed;
untried; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> soldiers; a <ex>raw</ex>
recruit.</as></def>

<q>Approved himself to the <qex>raw</qex> judgment of the
multitude.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not worked in due form; in the natural state;
untouched by art; unwrought.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>Not distilled; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> water</as></def>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Bacon</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not spun or
twisted; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> silk or cotton</as></def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Not mixed or diluted; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex>
spirits</as></def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Not tried; not melted and
strained; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> tallow</as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd>
<def>Not tanned; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> hides</as></def>.
<sd>(f)</sd> <def>Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; <as>as,
the <ex>raw</ex> edge of a piece of metal or of cloth</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not covered; bare.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd></def> <def>Bald</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWith
scull all <xex>raw</xex>.\'b8

<au>Spencer</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Deprived of skin; galled; as, a <xex>raw</xex>
sore</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Sore, as if by being galled</def>.

<q>And all his sinews waxen weak and <qex>raw</qex>
Through long imprisonment.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; <as>as, a
<ex>raw</ex> wind</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>raw</xex> and gusty
day.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><col>Raw material</col>, <cd>material that has not been
subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; <as>as, ore is
the <ex>raw material<ex> used in smelting; leather is the <ex>raw
material<ex> of the shoe industry</as>.</cd> -- <col>Raw
pig</col>, <cd>cast iron as it comes from the smelting
furnace.</cd></cs>

<hw>Raw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A raw, sore, or galled place; a
sensitive spot; <as>as, to touch one on the
<ex>raw</ex></as>.</def>

<q>Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a
<qex>raw</qex>.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<hw>Raw"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rawboned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spencer.</au>

<hw>Raw"boned`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having little flesh on
the bones; gaunt.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Raw"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A specter
mentioned to frighten children; <as>as, <ex>rawhead</ex> and
bloodybones</as>.</def>

<hw>Raw"hide`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cowhide, or
coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.</def>

<hw>Raw"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat raw.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Marston.</au>

<hw>Raw"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a raw
manner; unskillfully; without experience.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without proper preparation or provision.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Raw"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being raw.</def>

<hw>Ray</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[An aphetic form
of <ets>array</ets>; cf. <er>Beray</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To array.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. More.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to
defile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe fifth that did it
<xex>ray</xex>.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Array; order; arrangement;
dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>And spoiling all her gears and goodly <qex>ray</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>rai</ets>, F.
<ets>rais</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radius</ets> a beam or ray, staff,
rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common
point or center, like the radii of a circle; <as>as, a star of
six <ex>rays</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A radiating part of the flower
or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster
or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular
flower cluster; radius. See <er>Radius</er>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the
radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of
fishes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the spheromeres of a
radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an
ophiuran.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A line of
light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a
single element of light or heat propagated continuously; <as>as,
a solar <ex>ray</ex>; a polarized <ex>ray</ex>.</as></def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the component elements of the total
radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the
spectrum; <as>as, the red <ex>ray</ex>; the violet
<ex>ray</ex>.</as> See <ex>Illust</ex>. under
<er>Light</er>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory
of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye
to the object seen.</def>

<q>All eyes direct their <qex>rays</qex>
On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of a system of diverging
lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending
indefinitely in both directions. See <er>Half-ray</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bundle of rays</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Pencil of rays</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Extraordinary
ray</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>that one or two parts of a ray
divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary
law of refraction.</cd> -- <col>Ordinary ray</col>
<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>that one of the two parts of a ray divided
by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of
refraction.</cd> -- <col>Pencil of rays</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>,
<cd>a definite system of rays.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ray
flower</col>, <or/ <col>Ray floret</col></mcol>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of the marginal flowers of the
capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod,
daisy, and sunflower.  They have an elongated, strap-shaped
corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and
five-lobed.</cd> -- <col>Ray point</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>,
<cd>the common point of a pencil of rays.</cd> -- <col>R\'94ntgen
ray</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of ray
generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the
electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through many
bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and
fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal
structure of opaque objects are made, called
<xex>radiographs<xex>, or <xex>sciagraphs<xex><-- or X-ray
photographs, radiograms, or X-rays -->. So called from the
discoverer, W. C. <xex>R\'94ntgen<xex>.</cd> -- <col>X ray</col>,
<cd>the R\'94ntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of
its enigmatical character, <it>x<it> being an algebraic symbol
for an unknown quantity.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rayed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Raying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>raier</ets>,
<ets>raiier</ets>, <ets>rayer</ets>, L. <ets>radiare</ets> to
irradiate. See <er>Ray</er>, <pos>n.<pos>, and cf.
<er>Radiate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark with long
lines; to streak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[From <er>Ray</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To
send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; <as>as, to
<ex>ray</ex> smiles</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Thompson.</au>

<hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shine, as with rays.</def>

<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>

<hw>Ray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>raie</ets>, L.
<ets>raia</ets>. Cf. <er>Roach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the
order Rai\'91, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes,
etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a restricted sense, any of the
broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays.
See <er>Skate</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bishop ray</col>, <cd>a yellow-spotted, long-tailed
eagle ray (<spn>Stoasodon n\'85rinari</spn>) of the Southern
United States and the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly
ray</col>, <cd>a short-tailed American sting ray
(<spn>Pteroplatea Maclura</spn>), having very broad pectoral
fins.</cd> -- <col>Devil ray</col>. <cd>See <er>Sea
Devil</er>.</cd> -- <col>Eagle ray</col>, <cd>any large ray of
the family <spn>Myliobatid\'91</spn>, or
<spn>\'92tobatid\'91</spn>. The common European species
(<spn>Myliobatis aquila</spn>) is called also <altname>whip
ray</altname>, and <altname>miller</altname>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Electric ray</col>, or <col>Cramp ray</col></mcol>,
<cd>a torpedo.</cd> -- <col>Starry ray</col>, <cd>a common
European skate (<spn>Raia radiata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sting
ray</col>, <cd>any one of numerous species of rays of the family
<spn>Trygonid\'91</spn> having one or more large, sharp, barbed
dorsal spines on the whiplike tail.  Called also
<altname>stingaree</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Ra"yah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>ra'iyah</ets> a herd, a subject, fr. <ets>ra'a</ets> to
pasture, guard.]</ety> <def>A person not a Mohammedan, who pays
the capitation tax.</def> <mark>[Turkey.]</mark>

<hw>Ray" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <ety>[Etymol. of <ets>ray</ets>
is uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial European
grass (<spn>Lolium perenne</spn>); -- called also <altname>rye
grass</altname>, and <altname>red darnel</altname>. See
<er>Darnel</er>, and <er>Grass</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Italian</col> <col>ray, <or/ rye</col>,
<col>grass</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Darnel</er>, and
<er>Grass</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ray"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; <as>as, a
<ex>rayless</ex> sky; <ex>rayless</ex> eyes.</as></def>

<hw>Ray"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>Ray; beam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<-- Rayon. A synthetic fiber, consisting of a polyamide -->

<hw>Ray"on*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Darting forth rays, as the sun when it
shines out.</def>

<hw>Raze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rack</er>.]</ety> <def>A Shakespearean word (used once)
supposed to mean the same as <xex>race</xex>, a root.</def><--
Obs. -->

<hw>Raze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Razed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Razing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>raser</ets>. See
<er>Rase</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rase</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To erase; to efface;
to obliterate.</def>

<q><qex>Razing</qex> the characters of your renown.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subvert from the foundation; to lay level
with the ground; to destroy; to demolish.</def>

<q>The royal hand that <qex>razed</qex> unhappy Troy.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert;
destroy; ruin. See <er>Demolish</er>.</syn>

<hw>Razed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slashed or
striped in patterns.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTwo Provincial
roses on my <xex>razed</xex> shoes.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ra*zee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. vaisseau
<ets>ras\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>raser</ets> to rase, to cut down
ships. See <er>Raze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Rase</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An armed ship
having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next
inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate.</def>

<au>Totten.</au>

<hw>Ra*zoe"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Razeed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Razeeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut down to a less number
of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or glass, as a ship;
hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts;
<as>as, to <ex>razee</ex> a book, or an article</as>.</def>

<hw>Ra"zor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rasour</ets>, OF. <ets>rasur</ets>, LL. <ets>rasor</ets>:
cf. F. <ets>rasoir</ets>, LL. <ets>rasorium</ets>. See
<er>Raze</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A keen-edged knife of peculiar
shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head.</def>
\'bdTake thee a barber's <xex>rasor</xex>.\'b8
<-- also called straight razor -->

<au>Ezek. v. 1.</au>

<-- (b) a similar device for shaving, with a replaceable blade. 
Also called safety razor.  Also a similar device, made of
plastic, in which the blade is neither replaceable nor can be
sharpened, intended to be discarded after the blade dulls --
called a disposable razor.  --> -->

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A task of a wild
boar.</def>

<cs><col>Razor fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>A small Mediterranean fish (<spn>Coryph\'91na
novacula</spn>), prized for the table</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The
razor shell.</cd> -- <col>Razor grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a West Indian plant (<spn>Scleria scindens</spn>), the
triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute
sharp teeth.</cd> -- <col>Razor grinder</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European goat-sucker.</cd> --
<col>Razor shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any marine
bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially
<spn>Solen, <or/ Ensatella, ensis, <and/ Americana</spn>, which
have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor
handle in shape. Called also <altname>rasor clam</altname>,
<altname>razor fish</altname>, <altname>knife
handle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Razor stone</col>. <cd>Same as
<er>Novaculite</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Razor strap</col>, <or/
<col>razor strop</col></mcol>, <cd>a strap or strop used in
sharpening razors.</cd></cs><-- safety razor; disposable razor;
electric razor -->

<hw>Ra"sor*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ready for
the razor; fit to be shaved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ra"zor*back"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The rorqual.</def>

<hw>Ra"zor-backed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a sharp, lean, or thin back;
<as>as, a <ex>razor-backed</ex> hog, perch, etc</as>.</def>

<hw>Ra"zor*bill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of auk
(<spn>Alca torda</spn>) common in the Arctic seas. See
<er>Auk</er>, and <xex>Illust</xex>. in Appendix.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <er>Cutwater</er>, 3.</def>

<hw>Ra"zure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rasure</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of
being effaced; obliteration. See <er>Rasure</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An erasure; a change made by erasing.</def>

<hw>\'d8Raz"zi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
Ar. <ets>gh\'bez\'c6a</ets> (pron. <ets>razia</ets> in
Algeria).]</ety> <def>A plundering and destructive incursion; a
foray; a rai<?/.</def>

<hw>Re-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>re-</ets>, older form
(retained before vowels) <ets>red-</ets>: cf. F. <ets>re-</ets>,
<ets>r\'82-</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying
<xex>back</xex>, <xex>against</xex>, <xex>again</xex>,
<xex>anew</xex>; <as>as, <ex>re</ex>cline, to lean back;
<ex>re</ex>call, to call back; <ex>re</ex>cede; <ex>re</ex>move;
<ex>re</ex>claim, to call out against; <ex>re</ex>pugn, to fight
against; <ex>re</ex>cognition, a knowing again; <ex>re</ex>join,
to join again; <ex>re</ex>iterate, <ex>re</ex>assure</as>.
Combinations containing the prefix <ex>re-</ex> are readily
formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.</def>

<hw>Re</hw> <pr>(r<amac/)</pr>. <ety>[It.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A syllable applied in solmization to the
second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system,
to the second tone of any diatonic scale.</def>

<hw>Re`ab*sorb"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused,
extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; <as>as, to
<ex>reabsorb</ex> chyle, lymph, etc</as>.; -- used esp. of
fluids.</def>

<hw>Re`ab*sorp"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
or process of rearbsorbing.</def>

<hw>Re`ac*cess"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
access or approach; a return.</def>

<au>Hakewill.</au>

<hw>Re"ac*cuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
accuse again.</def>

<au>Cheyne.</au>

<hw>Reach</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An effort to vomit.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Reach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reached</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (<er>Raught</er>, the old
preterit, is obsolete); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rechen</ets>, AS.
<ets>r<aemac/can</ets>, <ets>r<aemac/cean</ets>, to extend,
stretch out; akin to D. <ets>reiken</ets>, G. <ets>reichen</ets>,
and possibly to AS. <ets>r\'c6ce</ets> powerful, rich, E.
<ets>rich</ets>. <root/115.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To extend; to
stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member,
something held, or the like.</def>

<q>Her tresses yellow, and long straughten,
Unto her heeles down they <qex>raughten</qex>.</q>
<qau>Rom. of R.</qau>

<q><qex>Reach</qex> hither thy hand and thrust it into my
side.</q>
<qau>John xx. 27.</qau>

<q>Fruit trees, over woody, <qex>reached</qex> too far
Their pampered boughs.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member,
especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another;
to hand over; <as>as, to <ex>reach</ex> one a book</as>.</def>

<q>He <qex>reached</qex> me a full cap.</q>
<qau>2 Esd. xiv. 39.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To attain or obtain by stretching forth the
hand; too extend some part of the body, or something held by one,
so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; <as>as, to
<ex>reach</ex> an object with the hand, or with a
spear</as>.</def>

<q>O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford,
Than I may <qex>reach</qex> the beast.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To strike, hit, or tough with a missile; <as>as,
to <ex>reach</ex> an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a
shell</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence
to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.</def>

<q>If these examples of grown men <qex>reach</qex> not the case
of children, let them examine.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch
by virtue of extent; <as>as, his hand <ex>reaches</ex> the
river</as>.</def>

<q>Thy desire . . . leads to no excess
That <qex>reaches</qex> blame.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain
to; to gain; to be advanced to.</def>

<q>The best account of the appearances of nature which human
penetration can <qex>reach</qex>, comes short of its reality.</q>
<qau>Cheyne.</qau>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>To understand; to comprehend.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Do what, sir? I <qex>reach</qex> you not.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>To overreach; to deceive.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>South.</au>

<hw>Reach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stretch out
the hand.</def>

<q>Goddess humane, <qex>reach</qex>, then, and freely taste!</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strain after something; to make
efforts.</def>

<q><qex>Reaching</qex> above our nature does no good.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To extend in dimension, time, amount, action,
influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to,
something.</def>

<q>And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it
<qex>reached</qex> to heaven.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxviii. 12.</qau>

<q>The new world <qex>reaches</qex> quite across the torrid
zone.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To sail on the wind, as from
one point of tacking to another, or with the ind nearly
abeam.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To reach after</col> <or/ <col>at</col></mcol>,
<cd>to make efforts to attain to or obtain.</cd></cs>

<q>He would be in the mind <qex>reaching after</qex> a positive
idea of infinity.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<hw>Reach</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching
with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; <as>as,
the fruit is beyond my <ex>reach</ex>; to be within
<ex>reach</ex> of cannon shot.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of stretching out or extending action,
influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent
of force or capacity.</def>

<q>Drawn by others who had deeper <qex>reaches</qex> than
themselves to matters which they least intended.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>

<q>Be sure yourself and your own <qex>reach</qex> to know.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application;
influence; result; scope.</def>

<q>And on the left hand, hell,
With long <qex>reach</qex>, interposed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>I am to pray you not to strain my speech
To grosser issues, nor to larger <qex>reach</qex>
Than to suspicion.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>An extended portion of land or water; a stretch;
a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to
another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of
the sea extending up into the land.</def> \'bdThe river's wooded
<xex>reach</xex>.\'b8

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<q>The coast . . . is very full of creeks and
<qex>reaches</qex>.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>An article to obtain an advantage.</def>

<q>The Duke of Parma had particular <qex>reaches</qex> and ends
of his own underhand to cross the design.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>The pole or rod which connects the hind axle
with the forward bolster of a wagon.</def>

<hw>Reach"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
within reach.</def>

<hw>Reach"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who reaches.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An exaggeration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Reach"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being beyond reach;
lofty.</def>

<q>Unto a <qex>reachless</qex> pitch of praises hight.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>

<hw>Re*act"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To act or
perform a second time; to do over again; <as>as, to
<ex>react</ex> a play; the same scenes were <ex>reacted</ex> at
Rome.</as></def><-- = re-enact? -->

<hw>Re*act"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of
another body by an opposite force; <as>as, every body
<ex>reacts</ex> on the body that impels it from its natural
state</as>.</def>

<-- p. 1194 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal
or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in
opposition.</def>

<hw>Re*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82action</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any action in
resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a
contrary direction; reverse action.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The mutual or reciprocal
action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon
such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or
electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of
these agents, with the production of new compounds or the
manifestation of distinctive characters. See <cref>Blowpipe
reaction</cref>, <cref>Flame reaction</cref>, under
<er>Blowpipe</er>, and <er>Flame</er>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An action included by vital
resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of
vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation;
heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or
shock.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The force which a body
subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon
the latter body in the opposite direction.</def>

<q><qex>Reaction</qex> is always equal and opposite to action,
that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are
always equal and in opposite directions.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>Backward tendency or
movement after revolution, reform, or great progress in any
direction.</def>

<q>The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and
fortune reached the highest point, predicted the coming
<qex>reaction</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<cs><col>Reaction time</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>in nerve
physiology, the interval between the application of a stimulus to
an end organ of sense and the reaction or resulting movement; --
called also <altname>physiological time</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Reaction wheel</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a water wheel
driven by the reaction of water, usually one in which the water,
entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a direction
opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right angles, or
inclined, to its radii.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ac"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being,
causing, or favoring reaction; <as>as, <ex>reactionary</ex>
movements</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*ac"tion*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Reactionaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who
favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress or
revolution.</def>

<hw>Re*ac"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reactionary.</def>

<au>C. Kingsley.</au>

<hw>Re*act`ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82actif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to react; tending
to reaction; of the nature of reaction.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*act"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*act"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Read</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rennet. See 3d
<er>Reed</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Read</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Read</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Reading</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>reden</ets>, <ets>r\'91den</ets>, AS.
<ets>r<aemac/dan</ets> to read, advice, counsel, fr.
<ets>r<aemac/d</ets> advise, counsel, <ets>r<aemac/dan</ets>
(imperf. <ets>reord</ets>) to advice, counsel, guess; akin to D.
<ets>raden</ets> to advise, G. <ets>raten</ets>,
<ets>rathen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'be<edh/a</ets>, Goth.
<ets>r<emac/dan</ets> (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr.
<ets>r\'bedh</ets> to succeed. <root/116. Cf. Riddle.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To advise; to counsel. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See
<er>Rede</er>.</def>

<q>Therefore, I <qex>read</qex> thee, get to God's word, and
thereby try all doctrine.</q>
<qau>Tyndale.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To interpret; to explain; <as>as, to
<ex>read</ex> a riddle</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To tell; to declare; to recite.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>But <qex>read</qex> how art thou named, and of what kin.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To go over, as characters or words, and utter
aloud, or recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense
of, as of language, by interpreting the characters with which it
is expressed; to peruse; <as>as, to <ex>read</ex> a discourse; to
<ex>read</ex> the letters of an alphabet; to <ex>read</ex>
figures; to <ex>read</ex> the notes of music, or to <ex>read</ex>
music; to <ex>read</ex> a book.</as></def>

<q><qex>Redeth</qex> [read ye] the great poet of Itaille.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Well could he <qex>rede</qex> a lesson or a story.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.</def>

<q>Who is't can <qex>read</qex> a woman?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To discover or understand by characters, marks,
features, etc.; to learn by observation.</def>

<q>An armed corse did lie,
In whose dead face he <qex>read</qex> great magnanimity.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>Those about her
From her shall <qex>read</qex> the perfect ways of honor.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To make a special study of, as by perusing
textbooks; <as>as, to <ex>read</ex> theology or law</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To read one's self in</col>, <cd>to read about the
Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required
of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates
in a new benefice.</cd></cs>

<hw>Read</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give advice
or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tell; to declare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to
go over and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like
document.</def>

<q>So they <qex>read</qex> in the book of the law of God
distinctly, and gave the sense.</q>
<qau>Neh. viii. 8.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To study by reading; <as>as, he <ex>read</ex>
for the bar</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To learn by reading.</def>

<q>I have <qex>read</qex> of an Eastern king who put a judge to
death for an iniquitous sentence.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To appear in writing or print; to be expressed
by, or consist of, certain words or characters; <as>as, the
passage <ex>reads</ex> thus in the early manuscripts</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To produce a certain effect when read; <as>as,
that sentence <ex>reads</ex> queerly</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To read between the lines</col>, <cd>to infer something
different from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real
meaning as distinguished from the apparent meaning.</cd></cs>

<hw>Read</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r<aemac/d</ets>
counsel, fr. <ets>r<aemac/dan</ets> to counsel. See
<er>Read</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice;
counsel.  See <er>Rede</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[<er>Read</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>
<def>Reading.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Hume.</au>

<q>One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a
<qex>read</qex>.</q>
<qau>Furnivall.</qau>

<hw>Read</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Read</er>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos></def>

<hw>Read</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Instructed or
knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.</def>

<q>A poet . . . well <qex>read</qex> in Longinus.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<hw>Read"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as can
be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth reading;
interesting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Read"a*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Read"a*bly</wf>,
<pos>adv</pos>,.</wordforms>

<hw>Read`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state of being readable; readableness.</def>

<hw>Re`ad*dress"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
address a second time; -- often used reflexively.</def>

<q>He <qex>readdressed</qex> himself to her.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>

<hw>Re`a*dept</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>adeptus</ets>. p. p. of
<ets>adipisci</ets> to obtain.]</ety> <def>To regain; to
recover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re`a*dep"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
regaining; recovery of something lost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Read"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r<aemac/dere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
reads.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One whose
distinctive office is to read prayers in a church.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(University of Oxford, Eng.)</fld> <def>One who
reads lectures on scientific subjects.</def> <au>Lyell.</au>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A proof reader.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>One who
reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises regarding
their merit</def>.

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who reads much; one who is studious.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A book containing a selection of extracts for
exercises in reading; an elementary book for practice in a
language; a reading book.</def>

<hw>Read"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of
reader.</def>

<au>Lyell.</au>

<hw>Read"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>In a ready manner; quickly; promptly.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without delay or objection; without reluctance;
willingly; cheerfully.</def>

<q>How <qex>readily</qex> we wish time spent revoked!</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<hw>Read"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of
being ready; preparation; promptness; aptitude;
willingness.</def>

<q>They received the word with all <qex>readiness</qex> of
mind.</q>
<qau>Acts xvii. 11.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude;
promptness; aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness;
dexterity; ease; cheerfulness. See <er>Facility</er>.</syn>

<hw>Read"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written
matter to be read.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Study of books; literary scholarship; <as>as, a
man of extensive <ex>reading</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A lecture or prelection; public recital.</def>

<q>The Jews had their weekly <qex>readings</qex> of the law.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The way in which anything reads; force of a word
or passage presented by a documentary authority; lection;
version.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the
stage; way of rendering.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>An observation read from the scale of a
graduated instrument; <as>as, the <ex>reading</ex> of a
barometer</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reading of a bill</col> <fld>(Legislation)</fld>,
<cd>its normal recital, by the proper officer, before the House
which is to consider it.</cd></cs>

<hw>Read"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Addicted to reading; <as>as, a <ex>reading</ex>
community</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reading book</col>, <cd>a book for teaching reading; a
reader.</cd> -- <col>Reading desk</col>, <cd>a desk to support a
book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading the service
in a church.</cd> -- <col>Reading glass</col>, <cd>a large lens
with more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and
used in reading, etc.</cd> -- <col>Reading man</col>, <cd>one who
reads much; hence, in the English universities, a close,
industrious student.</cd> -- <col>Reading room</col>, <cd>a room
appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers,
periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re`ad*journ"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.</def>

<hw>Re`ad*journ"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.</def>

<hw>Re`ad*just"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or relation;
to rearrange.</def>

<hw>Re`ad*just"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the United
States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial
repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's
creditors.</def>

<hw>Re`ad*just"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.</def>

<hw>Re`ad*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted; <as>as, the
<ex>readmission</ex> fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the
<ex>readmission</ex> of a student into a seminary.</as></def>

<hw>Re`ad*mit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To admit
again; to give entrance or access to again.</def>

<q>Whose ear is ever open, and his eye
Gracious to <qex>readmit</qex> the suppliant.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re`ad*mit"tance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Allowance to enter again; a second admission.</def>

<hw>Re`a*dopt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adopt
again.</def>

<au>Young.</au>

<hw>Re`a*dorn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adorn
again or anew.</def>

<hw>Re`ad*vance"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
advance again.</def>

<hw>Re`ad*vert"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of adverting to again, or of reviewing.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Norris.</au>

<hw>Read"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Readier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Readiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r<aemac/de</ets>; akin to D. ge<ets>reed</ets>,
be<ets>reid</ets>, G. be<ets>reit</ets>, Goth.
ga<ets>r\'a0ids</ets> fixed, arranged, and possibly to E.
<ets>ride</ets>, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf.
<er>Array</er>, 1st <er>Curry</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Prepared for what one is about to do or
experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act
or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; <as>as, the
troops are <ex>ready</ex> to march; <ex>ready</ex> for the
journey.</as></def>  \'bdWhen she <xex>redy</xex> was.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no
delay for lack of being prepared or furnished.</def> \'bdDinner
was <xex>ready</xex>.\'b8

<au>Fielding.</au>

<q>My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are
<qex>ready</qex>: come unto the marriage.</q>
<qau>Matt. xxii. 4.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant;
willing; free; inclined; disposed.</def>

<q>I am <qex>ready</qex> not to be bound only, but also to die at
Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus.</q>
<qau>Acts xxi. 13.</qau>

<q>If need be, I am <qex>ready</qex> to forego
And quit.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or
perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; <as>as,
a <ex>ready</ex> apprehension; <ex>ready</ex> wit; a
<ex>ready</ex> writer or workman.</as></def> \'bd<xex>Ready</xex>
in devising expedients.\'b8

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<q>Gurth, whose temper was <qex>ready</qex>, through surly.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune;
convenient; near; easy.</def> \'bdThe <xex>readiest</xex>
way.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground,
The <qex>readiest</qex> weapon that his fury found.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with
a following infinitive.</def>

<q>My heart is <qex>ready</qex> to crack.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A word of command, or a
position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and
held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is,
<xex>aim</xex>.</def>

<cs><col>All ready</col>, <cd>ready in every particular; wholly
equipped or prepared. \'bd[I] am <xex>all redy<xex> at your
hest.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ready money</col>,
<cd>means of immediate payment; cash. \'bd'Tis all the <xex>ready
money<xex> fate can give.\'b8 <au>Cowley</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ready
reckoner</col>, <cd>a book of tables for facilitating
computations, as of interest, prices, etc.</cd> -- <col>To make
ready</col>, <cd>to make preparation; to get in
readiness.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating;
dexterous; apt; skilful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune;
fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See
<er>Prompt</er>.</syn>

<hw>Read"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a state of
preparation for immediate action; so as to need no delay.</def>

<q>We ourselves will go <qex>ready</qex> armed.</q>
<qau>Num. xxxii. 17.</qau>

<hw>Read"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ready money; cash; --
commonly with <xex>the</xex>; <as>as, he was supplied with the
<ex>ready</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<q>Lord Strut was not flush in <qex>ready</qex>, either to go to
law, or to clear old debts.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<hw>Read"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dispose in order.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Heywood.</au>

<hw>Read"y-made`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made
already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not made to
order; <as>as, <ex>ready-made</ex> clothing; <ex>ready-made</ex>
jokes.</as></def>

<hw>Read"y-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
ready wit.</def>

<hw>Re`af*firm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
affirm again.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re`af*firm"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Re*af`fir*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A second affirmation.</def>

<hw>Re`af*for"est</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
convert again into the forest, as a region of country.</def>

<hw>Re`af*for`es*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act or process of converting again into a forest.</def>

<hw>Re*a"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A substance capable of producing with another a reaction,
especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies;
a test.</def>

<hw>Re*ag`gra*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(R.
C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The last monitory, published after three
admonitions and before the last excommunication.</def>

<hw>Re`a*gree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To agree
again.</def>

<hw>Reak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf.
<er>Wrack</er> seaweed.]</ety> <def>A rush.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFeeds on <xex>reaks</xex> and reeds.\'b8

<au>Drant.</au>

<hw>Reak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>hrekkr</ets>,
or E. <ets>wreak</ets> vengeance.]</ety> <def>A prank.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThey play such <xex>reaks</xex>.\'b8

<au>Beau & Fl.</au>

<hw>Re"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr.
<ets>real</ets> royal, L. <ets>regalis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>,
and cf. <er>Ree</er> a coin.]</ety> <def>A small Spanish silver
coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit
of the Spanish monetary system.</def>

<note><hand/ A <xex>real of plate</xex> (coin) varied in value
according to the time of its coinage, from 12<frac12/ down to 10
cents, or from 6<frac12/ to 5 pence sterling. The <xex>real
vellon</xex>, or money of account, was nearly equal to five
cents, or 2<frac12/ pence sterling. In 1871 the coinage of Spain
was assimilated to that of the Latin Union, of which the franc is
the unit.</note>

<hw>Re*al"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Royal; regal;
kingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe blood <xex>real</xex>
of Thebes.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>realis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>res</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, a
thing: cf. F. <ets>r\'82el</ets>. Cf. <er>Rebus</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Actually being or existing; not fictitious or
imaginary; <as>as, a description of <ex>real</ex>
life</as>.</def>

<q>Whereat I waked, and found
Before mine eyes all <qex>real</qex>, as the dream
Had lively shadowed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or
factitious; often opposed to <xex>ostensible</xex>; <as>as, the
<ex>real</ex> reason; <ex>real</ex> Madeira wine; <ex>real</ex>
ginger.</as></def><-- split reason from objects. -->

<q>Whose perfection far excelled
Hers in all <qex>real</qex> dignity.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Relating to things, not to persons.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable
of the <qex>real</qex> part of business.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Having an assignable
arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Pertaining to things fixed,
permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; <as>as,
<ex>real</ex> property, in distinction from <ex>personal</ex> or
<ex>movable</ex> property</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Chattels real</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>such chattels
as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of
land. See <er>Chattel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Real action</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an action for the recovery of real
property.</cd> -- <col>Real assets</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,
<cd>lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable
with the debts of the ancestor.</cd> -- <col>Real
composition</col> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld>, <cd>an agreement made
between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent
of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment
of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to
the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof.
<au>Blackstone</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Real estate</col> <or/
<col>property</col></mcol>, <cd>lands, tenements, and
hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in
houses and land. <au>Kent</au>. <au>Burrill</au>.</cd> --
<col>Real presence</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the actual
presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the
conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real
body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches
there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the
sense of <xex>transubstantiation<xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Real
servitude</col>, <it>called also</it> <col>Predial
servitude</col></mcol> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>, <cd>a burden
imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another
proprietor. <au>Erskine</au>. <au>Bouvier</au>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Real</er>, <er>Actual</er>. <xex>Real</xex> represents a
thing to be a substantive existence; <as>as, a <ex>real</ex>, not
imaginary, occurrence</as>. <xex>Actual</xex> refers to it as
acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing
<xex>real</xex>, we often say, \'bdIt <xex>actually</xex>
exists,\'b8 \'bdIt has <xex>actually</xex> been done.\'b8 Thus
its <xex>really</xex> is shown by its <xex>actually</xex>.
<xex>Actual</xex>, from this reference to being <xex>acted</xex>,
has recently received a new signification, namely,
<xex>present</xex>; as, the <xex>actual</xex> posture of affairs;
since what is now in <xex>action</xex>, or going on, has, of
course, a <xex>present</xex> existence. An <xex>actual</xex>
fact; a <xex>real</xex> sentiment.

<q>For he that but conceives a crime in thought,
Contracts the danger of an <qex>actual</qex> fault.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Our simple ideas are all <qex>real</qex>; all agree to the
<qex>reality</qex> of things.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
</usage>

<-- p. 1195 -->

<hw>Re"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A realist.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Burton.</au>

<hw>Re*al"gar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82algar</ets>, Sp. <ets>rejalgar</ets>, Ar. <ets>rahj al
gh\'ber</ets> powder of the mine.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red
orpiment. It is also an artificial product.</def>

<hw>Re"al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82alisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An opposed to <xex>nominalism</xex>, the
doctrine that genera and species are real things or entities,
existing independently of our conceptions. According to realism
the Universal exists <xex>ante rem</xex> (<xex>Plato</xex>), or
<xex>in re</xex> (<xex>Aristotle</xex>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>As opposed to <xex>idealism</xex>, the doctrine that in
sense perception there is an immediate cognition of the external
object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and
representative.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Art & Lit.)</fld> <def>Fidelity to nature or to
real life; representation without idealization, and making no
appeal to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.</def>

<-- 3. the practise of assessing facts and the probabilities of
the consequences of actions in an objective manner; avoidance of
unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts.  Contrasted to
idealism, self-deception, overimaginativeness, or visionariness. 
-->

<hw>Re"al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82aliste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld>
<def>One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that
<xex>generals</xex>, or the terms used to denote the genera and
species of things, represent real existences, and are not mere
names, as maintained by the <xex>nominalists</xex>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Art. & Lit.)</fld> <def>An artist or writer who
aims at realism in his work. See <er>Realism</er>, 2.</def>

<-- 3. a person who avoids unrealistic or impractical beliefs or
efforts.  Contrasted to idealist or visionary.  -->

<hw>Re`al*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the realists;
characterized by realism rather than by imagination.</def>

<hw>Re`al*is"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the
realistic manner.</def>

<hw>Re*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Realities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82alit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>realitas</ets>. See 3d
<er>Real</er>. and cf. 2d <er>Realty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The state or quality of being real; actual being or
existence of anything, in distinction from mere appearance;
fact.</def>

<q>A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in
<qex>reality</qex> he does not comprehend his meaning.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is real; an actual existence; that
which is not imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has
objective existence, and is not merely an idea.</def>

<q>And to <qex>realities</qex> yield all her shows.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>My neck may be an idea to you, but it is <qex>reality</qex> to
me.</q>
<qau>Beattie.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[See 1st <er>Realty</er>, 2.]</ety>
<def>Loyalty; devotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>To express our <qex>reality</qex> to the emperor.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Realty</er>,
<er>2</er>.</def>

<hw>Re"al*i`za*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being realized.</def>

<hw>Re`al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82alisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of realizing, or
the state of being realized.</def>

<hw>Re"al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Realized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Realizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82aliser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make real; to
convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to
bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; <as>as, to
<ex>realize</ex> a scheme or project</as>.</def>

<q>We <qex>realize</qex> what Archimedes had only in hypothesis,
weighting a single grain against the globe of earth.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind
as actual; to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in
apprehension or experience.</def>

<q>Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek
inscriptions] which <qex>realize</qex> ancient history to us.</q>
<qau>Jowett.</qau>

<q>We can not <qex>realize</qex> it in thought, that the object .
. . had really no being at any past moment.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To convert into real property; to make real
estate of; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> his fortune</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as
the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; <as>as, to
<ex>realize</ex> large profits from a speculation</as>.</def>

<q>Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by
diligent thrift <qex>realize</qex> a good estate.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To convert into actual money; <as>as, to
<ex>realize</ex> assets</as>.</def>

<hw>Re"al*ize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To convert any kind of
property into money, especially property representing
investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc.</def>

<q>Wary men took the alarm, and began to <qex>realize</qex>, a
word now first brought into use to express the conversion of
ideal property into something real.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>

<hw>Re"al*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
realizes.</def>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Re"al*i`zing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving to
make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality; <as>as, a
<ex>realizing</ex> view of the danger incurred</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re"al*i`zing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re`al*lege"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
allege again.</def>

<au>Cotgrave.</au>

<hw>Re`al*li"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed
alliance.</def>

<hw>Re"-al*ly"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>ally</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>To bring
together again; to compose or form anew.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re"al*ly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Royally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re"al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a real
manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.</def>

<q>Whose anger is <qex>really</qex> but a short fit of
madness.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<note><hand/ <xex>Really</xex> is often used familiarly as a
slight corroboration of an opinion or a declaration.</note>

<q>Why, <qex>really</qex>, sixty-five is somewhat old.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>

<hw>Realm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>realme</ets>, <ets>ream</ets>, <ets>reaume</ets>, OF.
<ets>reialme</ets>, <ets>roialme</ets>, F. <ets>royaume</ets>,
fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>regalimen</ets>, from L.
<ets>regalis</ets> royal. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the
dominion of a king; a kingdom.</def>

<q>The absolute master of <qex>realms</qex> on which the sun
perpetually alone.</q>
<qau>Motley.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, in general, province; region; country;
domain; department; division; <as>as, the <ex>realm</ex> of
fancy</as>.</def>

<hw>Realm"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of a
realm.</def>

<au>Keats.</au>

<hw>Re"al*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or condition of being real; reality.</def>

<hw>Re"al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>r\'82alt\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>regalitas</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>regalis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Royalty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Loyalty; faithfulness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re"al*ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. from 1st
<er>Reality</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Realty.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Immobility, or the
fixed, permanent nature of real property; <as>as, chattels which
savor of the <ex>realty</ex></as>; -- so written in legal
language for <xex>reality</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Real
estate; a piece of real property.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Ream</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>re\'a0m</ets>, akin to G. <ets>rahm</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Ream</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cream; to mantle.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<q>A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the
hostess, <qex>reamed</qex> with excellent claret.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Ream</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Reim</er>.]</ety>
<def>To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or
filaments.</def>

<hw>Ream</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>reme</ets>, OF.
<ets>rayme</ets>, F. <ets>rame</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>resma</ets>),
fr. Ar. <ets>rizma</ets> a bundle, especially of paper.]</ety>
<def>A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting
of twenty quires or 480 sheets.</def><-- now 500 -->

<cs><col>Printer's ream</col>, <cd>twenty-one and a half quires.
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> A common practice is now to count five
hundred sheets to the <xex>ream<xex>.</cd></cs>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Ream</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reamed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>r\'84umen</ets>
to remove, to clear away, fr. <ets>raum</ets> room. See
<er>Room</er>.]</ety> <def>To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole
in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a
hole, with a reamer.</def>

<hw>Reame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Realm.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ream"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,
reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping
edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole,
as a bore of a cannon, etc.</def>

<hw>Re*am`pu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The second of two amputations performed
upon the same member.</def>

<hw>Re*an"i*mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new
life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate;
<as>as, to <ex>reanimate</ex> a drowned person; to
<ex>reanimate</ex> disheartened troops; to <ex>reanimate</ex>
languid spirits.</as></def>

<au>Glanvill.</au>

<hw>Re*an"i*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
or operation of reanimating, or the state of being reanimated;
reinvigoration; revival.</def>

<hw>Re`an*nex"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To annex
again or anew; to reunite.</def> \'bdTo <xex>reannex</xex> that
duchy.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*an`nex*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of
reannexing.</def>

<hw>Re*an"swer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends
for.</def>

<q>Which in weight to <qex>reanswer</qex>, his pettiness would
bow under.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Reap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Raped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Reaping</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>repen</ets>, AS. <ets>r\'c6pan</ets> to seize,
reap; cf. D. <ets>rapen</ets> to glean, reap, G.
<ets>raufen</ets> to pluck, Goth. <ets>raupjan</ets>, or E.
<ets>ripe</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut with a sickle,
scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by
cutting.</def>

<q>When ye <qex>reap</qex> the harvest of your land, thou shalt
not wholly reap the corners of thy field.</q>
<qau>Lev.<?/<?/<?/. 9.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or
harvest, or as the fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a
bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>reap</ex> a benefit from
exertions</as>.</def>

<q>Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing
For peace, <qex>reap</qex> nothing but repulse and hate?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To clear or a crop by reaping; <as>as, to
<ex>reap</ex> a field</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To deprive of the beard; to shave.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><col>Reaping hook</col>, <cd>an instrument having a
hook-shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific
sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of
serrated.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform the act or
operation of reaping; to gather a harvest.</def>

<q>They that sow in tears shall <qex>reap</qex> in joy.</q>
<qau>Ps. cxxvi. 5.</qau>

<hw>Reap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>r\'c6p</ets>
harvest. See <er>Reap</er>, <pos>v.<pos>]</ety> <def>A bundle of
grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is
cut.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Wright.</au>

<hw>Reap"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
reaps.</def>

<q>The sun-burned <qex>reapers</qex> wiping their foreheads.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reaping machine.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*par"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
clothe again.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*pear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To appear
again.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*pear"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>A
second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing
again.</def>

<hw>Re*ap`pli*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*ply"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
apply again.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*point"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
appoint again.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*point"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*por"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
apportion again.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*por"tion*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
second or a new apportionment.</def>

<hw>Re`ap*proach"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos>
<def>To approach again or anew.</def>

<hw>Rear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Early;
soon.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<q>Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so <qex>rear</qex>!</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>

<hw>Rear</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>riere</ets> behind,
backward, fr. L. <ets>retro</ets>. Cf. <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The back or hindmost part; that which is behind,
or last on order; -- opposed to <ant>front</ant>.</def>

<q>Nipped with the lagging <qex>rear</qex> of winter's frost.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which
comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.</def>

<q>When the fierce foe hung on our broken <qex>rear</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Rear</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being behind, or in the
hindmost part; hindmost; <as>as, the <ex>rear</ex> rank of a
company</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Rear admiral</col>, <cd>an officer in the navy, next in
rank below a vice admiral, and above a commodore. See
<er>Admiral</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rear front</col>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the rear rank of a body of troops when
faced about and standing in that position.</cd> -- <col>Rear
guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the division of an army that
marches in the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also
figuratively.</cd> -- <col>Rear line</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,
<cd>the line in the rear of an army.</cd> -- <col>Rear rank</col>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the rank or line of a body of troops which
is in the rear, or last in order.</cd> -- <col>Rear sight</col>
<fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>the sight nearest the breech.</cd> --
<col>To bring up the rear</col>, <cd>to come last or
behind.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To place in the
rear; to secure the rear of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>r<aemac/ran</ets>
to raise, rear, elevate, for <ets>r<aemac/san</ets>, causative of
<ets>r\'c6san</ets> to rise. See <er>Rise</er>, and cf.
<er>Raise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To raise; to lift up; to
cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; <as>as, to
<ex>rear</ex> a monolith</as>.</def>

<q>In adoration at his feet I fell
Submiss; he <qex>reared</qex> me.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>It <qex>reareth</qex> our hearts from vain thoughts.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>

<q>Mine [shall be] the first hand to <qex>rear</qex> her
banner.</q>
<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To erect by building; to set up; to construct;
<as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> defenses or houses; to <ex>rear</ex> one
government on the ruins of another.</as></def>

<q>One <qex>reared</qex> a font of stone.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lift and take up.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>

<q>And having her from Trompart lightly <qex>reared</qex>,
Upon his set the lovely load.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate;
to instruct; to foster; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex>
offspring</as>.</def>

<q>He wants a father to protect his youth,
And <qex>rear</qex> him up to virtue.</q>
<qau>Southern.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To breed and raise; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex>
cattle</as>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To rouse; to strip up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>And seeks the tusky boar to <qex>rear</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise, build; establish.
See the Note under <er>Raise</er>, <er>3</er> <sd>(c)</sd>.</syn>

<hw>Rear</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rise up on the hind legs,
as a horse; to become erect.</def>

<cs><col>Rearing bit</col>, <cd>a bit designed to prevent a horse
from lifting his head when rearing.</cd>
<au>Knight.</au>
</cs>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rear"dorse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rear"doss</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reredos.</def>

<hw>Rear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One he, or that
which, rears.</def>

<hw>Re*ar"gue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To argue
anew or again.</def>

<hw>Re*ar"gu*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
arguing over again, as of a motion made in court.</def>

<hw>Rear"-horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called
because it <ets>rears</ets> up when disturbed.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mantis.</def>

<hw>Rear"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Early.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Beau. & Ft.</au>

<hw>Rear"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Farthest in
the rear; last.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rear"mouse`</hw>, <hw>Rere"mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr<emac/rem<umac/s</ets>;
probably fr. <ets>hr<emac/ran</ets> to agitate, stir (akin to G.
<ets>r\'81hren</ets>, Icel. <ets>hr\'91ra</ets>) +
<ets>m<umac/s</ets> mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
leather-winged bat (<spn>Vespertilio murinus</spn>).</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>reermouse</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Re`ar*range"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
arrange again; to arrange in a different way.</def>

<hw>Re`ar*range"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged.</def>

<hw>Rear"ward`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Rear</ets> +
<ets>ward</ets>.]</ety> <def>The last troop; the rear of an army;
a rear guard. Also used figuratively.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rear"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>At or
toward the rear.</def>

<hw>Re`as*cend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rise,
mount, or climb again.</def>

<hw>Re`as*cend"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To ascend or mount
again; to reach by ascending again.</def>

<q>He mounts aloft, and <qex>reascends</qex> the skies.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<hw>Re`as*cen"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of reascending; a remounting.</def>

<hw>Re`as*cent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A returning
ascent or ascension; acclivity.</def>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<hw>Rea"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>resoun</ets>, F. <ets>raison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ratio</ets>
(akin to Goth. <ets>rapj<?/</ets> number, account,
ga<ets>rapjan</ets> to count, G. <ets>rede</ets> speech,
<ets>reden</ets> to speak), fr. <ets>reri</ets>,
<ets>ratus</ets>, to reckon, believe, think. Cf.
<er>Arraign</er>, <er>Rate</er>, <er>Ratio</er>,
<er>Ration</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thought or a
consideration offered in support of a determination or an
opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which
is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of
an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a
determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a
conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of
argument.</def>

<q>I'll give him <qex>reasons</qex> for it.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>The <qex>reason</qex> of the motion of the balance in a wheel
watch is by the motion of the next wheel.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<q>This <qex>reason</qex> did the ancient fathers render, why the
church was called \'bdcatholic.\'b8</q>
<qau>Bp. Pearson.</qau>

<q>Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a
natural and eternal <qex>reason</qex> for that goodness and
virtue, and against vice and wickedness.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The faculty of capacity of the human mind by
which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior
animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive
faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the
feelings and desires. <xex>Reason</xex> comprises conception,
judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty. Specifically,
it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of first truths, as
distinguished from the understanding, which is called the
<xex>discursive</xex> or <xex>ratiocinative</xex> faculty.</def>

<q>We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything
divine or human, but by our five senses and our
<qex>reason</qex>.</q>
<qau>P. Browne.</qau>

<q>In common and popular discourse, <qex>reason</qex> denotes
that power by which we distinguish truth from falsehood, and
right from wrong, and by which we are enabled to combine means
for the attainment of particular ends.</q>
<qau>Stewart.</qau>

<q><qex>Reason</qex> is used sometimes to express the whole of
those powers which elevate man above the brutes, and constitute
his rational nature, more especially, perhaps, his intellectual
powers; sometimes to express the power of deduction or
argumentation.</q>
<qau>Stewart.</qau>

<q>By the pure <qex>reason</qex> I mean the power by which we
become possessed of principles.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<q>The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar
operation, conceives; the <qex>reason</qex>, or rationalized
understanding, comprehends.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<-- p. 1196 -->

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Due exercise of the reasoning faculty;
accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by,
the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear
and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated
or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct;
right; propriety; justice.</def>

<q>I was promised, on a time,
To have <qex>reason</qex> for my rhyme.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>But law in a free nation hath been ever public
<qex>reason</qex>; the enacted <qex>reason</qex> of a parliament,
which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which
ought to be our law; interposing his own private
<qex>reason</qex>, which to us is no law.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>The most probable way of bringing France to <qex>reason</qex>
would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Ratio; proportion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Barrow.</au>

<cs><col>By reason of</col>, <cd>by means of; on account of;
because of.</cd> \'bdSpain is thin sown of people, partly <xex>by
reason of</xex> the sterility of the soil.\'b8 <au>Bacon</au>.
<col>In reason</col>, <col>In all reason</col>, <cd>in justice;
with rational ground; in a right view.</cd>

<q>When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of
that kind is capable of, we ought not, in <qex>reason</qex>, to
doubt of its existence.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

-- <col>It is reason</col>, <cd>it is reasonable; it is
right.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Yet <xex>it were</xex> great <qex>reason</qex>, that those
that have children should have greatest care of future times.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle;
sake; account; object; purpose; design. See <er>Motive</er>,
<er>Sense</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rea"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reasoned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reasoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>raisonner</ets>. See <er>Reason</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce
inferences from premises; to perform the process of deduction or
of induction; to ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a
systematic comparison of facts.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of
induction, in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and
set forth propositions and the inferences from them; to
argue.</def>

<q>Stand still, that I may <qex>reason</qex> with you, before the
Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xii. 7.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To converse; to compare opinions.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rea"son</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To arrange
and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by
arguments; to debate or discuss; <as>as, I <ex>reasoned</ex> the
matter with my friend</as>.</def>

<q>When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well
<qex>reasoned</qex> in every part, there is beauty in such a
theory.</q>
<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To support with reasons, as a request.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To persuade by reasoning or argument; <as>as, to
<ex>reason</ex> one into a belief; to <ex>reason</ex> one out of
his plan.</as></def>

<q>Men that will not be <qex>reasoned</qex> into their
senses.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; --
with <xex>down</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>reason</ex> down a
passion</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To find by logical process; to explain or
justify by reason or argument; -- usually with <xex>out</xex>;
<as>as, to <ex>reason</ex> out the causes of the librations of
the moon</as>.</def>

<hw>Rea"son*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>resonable</ets>, F. <ets>raisonnable</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>rationabilis</ets>. See <er>Reason</er>, <pos>n.<pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the faculty of reason; endued with
reason; rational; <as>as, a <ex>reasonable</ex> being</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Governed by reason; being under influence of
reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally, or according to
the dictates of reason; agreeable to reason; just; rational;
<as>as, the measure must satisfy all <ex>reasonable</ex>
men</as>.</def>

<q>By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of
any <qex>reasonable</qex> cause of doubting.</q>
<qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau>

<q>Men have no right to what is not <qex>reasonable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits;
proper; <as>as, a <ex>reasonable</ex> demand, amount,
price</as>.</def>

<q>Let . . . all things be thought upon
That may, with <qex>reasonable</qex> swiftness, add
More feathers to you wings.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable;
moderate; tolerable. See <er>Rational</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rea"son*a*ble</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Reasonable;
tolerably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>I have a <qex>reasonable</qex> good ear in music.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rea"son*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
reasonable.</def>

<hw>Rea"son*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a
reasonable manner.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moderately; tolerably.</def>
\'bd<xex>Reasonably</xex> perfect in the language.\'b8

<au>Holder.</au>

<hw>Rea"son*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reasons or argues; <as>as, a fair <ex>reasoner</ex>; a close
<ex>reasoner</ex>; a logical <ex>reasoner</ex>.</as></def>

<hw>Rea"son*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of presenting
one's reasons.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is offered in argument; proofs or
reasons when arranged and developed; course of argument.</def>

<q>His <qex>reasoning</qex> was sufficiently profound.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Argumentation; argument.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Reasoning</er>, <er>Argumentation</er>. Few words are more
interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is a
difference between them. <xex>Reasoning</xex> is the broader
term, including both deduction and induction.
<xex>Argumentation</xex> denotes simply the former, and descends
from the whole to some included part; while <xex>reasoning</xex>
embraces also the latter, and ascends from a part to a whole. See
<er>Induction</er>. <xex>Reasoning</xex> is occupied with ideas
and their relations; <xex>argumentation</xex> has to do with the
forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I defend it;
you insist, I prove; you distinguish, I destroy your
distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your objections.
Such is <xex>argumentation</xex>. It supposes that there are two
sides, and that both agree to the same rules.
<xex>Reasoning</xex>, on the other hand, is often a natural
process, by which we form, from the general analogy of nature, or
special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater
or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or
weakened by subsequent experience.</usage>

<hw>Rea"son*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rationalist.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Such persons are now commonly called
\'bd<qex>reasonists</qex>\'b8 and
\'bd<qex>rationalists</qex>,\'b8 to distinguish them from true
reasoners and rational inquirers.</q>
<qau>Waterland.</qau>

<hw>Rea"son*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute
of reason; <as>as, a <ex>reasonless</ex> man or mind</as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Void of reason; not warranted or supported by
reason; unreasonable.</def>

<q>This proffer is absurd and <qex>reasonless</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re`as*sem"blage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Assemblage a second time or again.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sem"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To assemble again.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sert"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do
so.</def>

<q>Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will
<qex>reassert</qex> our claim to respectability in
literature.</q>
<qau>Walsh.</qau>

<hw>Re`as*ser"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
or renewed assertion of the same thing.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sess"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
renewed or second assessment.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
assign back or again; to transfer back what has been
assigned.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sign"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of reassigning.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sim"i*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To assimilate again.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re`as*sim`i*la"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re`as*so"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To associate again; to bring again into close
relatoins.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sume"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
assume again or anew; to resume.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re`as*sump"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re`as*sur"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated.</def>

<au>Prynne.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Reinsurance</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear
or terror.</def>

<q>They rose with fear, . . . 
Till dauntless Pallas <qex>reassured</qex> the rest.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reinsure.</def>

<hw>Re`as*sur"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reassures.</def>

<hw>Reas"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>Rusty and rancid; -- applied to salt
meat.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> <au>Tusser</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Reas"ti*ness</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark></wordforms>

<hw>\'d8Re*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>
<def>A lariat.</def>

<hw>Re`at*tach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To attach
again.</def><--  the object reattached may have been an integral
part which had never been "attached" (trans), e.g., to reattach a
severed finger. -->

<hw>Re`at*tach"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of reattaching; a second attachment.</def>

<hw>Re`at*tain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
attain again.</def>

<hw>Re`at*tain"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of reattaining.</def>

<hw>Re`at*tempt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
attempt again.</def>

<hw>Re`aume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Realm.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>R\'82`au`mur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Ren\'82 Antoine Ferchault de <xex>R\'82aumur</xex>;
conformed to the scale adopted by R\'82aumur in graduating the
thermometer he invented.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
R\'82aumur thermometer or scale.</def></def2>

<note><hand/ The <xex>R\'82aumur thermometer</xex> is so
graduated that 0<deg/ marks the freezing point and 80<deg/ the
boiling point of water. Frequently indicated by R.  Cf.
<er>Centigrade</er>, and <er>Fahrenheit</er>. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Thermometer</er>.</note>

<hw>Reave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reaved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<er>Reft</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, or <er>Raft</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>
(<mark>obs.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>re\'a0fian</ets>,
from <ets>re\'a0f</ets> spoil, plunder, clothing,
<ets>re\'a2fan</ets> to break (cf. <ets>bire\'a2fan</ets> to
deprive of); akin to G. <ets>rauben</ets> to rob, Icel.
<ets>raufa</ets> to rob, <ets>rj<umac/fa</ets> to break, violate,
Goth. <ets>bir\'a0ubon</ets> to despoil, L. <ets>rumpere</ets> to
break; cf. Skr. <ets>lup</ets> to break. <root/114. Cf.
<er>Bereave</er>, <er>Rob</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Robe</er>,
<er>Rove</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <def>To
take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob; to
despoil; to bereave. <mark>[Archaic]</mark>.</def> \'bdTo
<xex>reave</xex> his life.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>He golden apples <qex>raft</qex> of the dragon.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>By privy stratagem my life at home.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<-- #sic.  Obviously, something left out of this quote. -->

<q>To <qex>reave</qex> the orphan of his patrimony.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>The heaven caught and <qex>reft</qex> him of his tongue.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<hw>Reav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reaves.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<hw>Re`a*wake"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To awake
again.</def>

<hw>Re*ban"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To banish
again.</def>

<hw>Re*bap"tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
baptism.</def>

<hw>Re*bap`ti*sa"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rebaptisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A second baptism.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Hooker.</au>

<hw>Re`bap*tize"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>baptist</ets>: of F. <ets>rebaptiser</ets>,
L. <ets>rebaptizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To baptize again or a
second time.</def>

<hw>Re`bap*tiz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rebaptizes.</def>

<hw>Re*bar"ba*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
reduce again to barbarism.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<q>Germany . . . <qex>rebarbarized</qex> by polemical theology
and religious wars.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rebattre</ets> to beat again; pref <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>battre</ets> to beat, L. <ets>batuere</ets> to beat, strike.
See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat to
obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the
point of, as a lance used for exercise.</def>

<q>But doth <qex>rebate</qex> and blunt his natural edge.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deduct from; to make a discount from, as
interest due, or customs duties.</def>

<au>Blount.</au>

<-- 2 (b). To return a portion of a sum paid, as a method of
discounting. -->

<cs><col>Rebated cross</col>, <cd>a cross which has the
extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the
fylfot.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To abate; to
withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Diminution.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Deduction; abatement; <as>as,
a <ex>rebate</ex> of interest for immediate payment; a
<ex>rebate</ex> of importation duties.</as></def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<-- 2 (b). A portion of a sum paid, returned to the purchaser, as
a method of discounting.  The rebate is sometimes returned by the
manufacturer, after the full price is paid to the retailer by the
purchaser. -->

<hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rabbet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A
restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or
edge of any body; a rabbet. See <er>Rabbet</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and
serving to beat out mortar.</def>

<au>Elmes.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel,
and used for dressing and polishing wood.</def>

<au>Elmes.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety> <def>A kind of
hard freestone used in making pavements.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Elmes.</au>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut a rebate in. See
<er>Rabbet</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>

<hw>Re*bate"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>rabatement</ets>, fr. <ets>rabatre</ets> to diminish, F.
<ets>rabatre</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as 3d <er>Rebate</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>

<hw>Re*ba"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rabato</er>.</def>

<au>Burton.</au>

<hw>Re"bec</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. It.
<ets>ribeca</ets>, <ets>ribeba</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>rab\'beb</ets>
a musical instrument of a round form.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly used which somewhat
resembled the violin, having three strings, and being played with
a bow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rebeck</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>He turn'd his <qex>rebec</qex> to a mournful note.</q>
<qau>Drayton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A contemptuous term applied to an old
woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Reb"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rebelle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rebellis</ets>. See
<er>Rebel</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to rebels
or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; <as>as,
<ex>rebel</ex> troops</as>.</def>

<q>Whoso be <qex>rebel</qex> to my judgment.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Convict by flight, and <qex>rebel</qex> to all law.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Reb"el</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rebelle</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who rebels.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Revolter; insurgent.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Rebel</er>, <er>Insurgent</er>. <xex>Insurgent</xex> marks an
early, and <xex>rebel</xex> a more advanced, stage of opposition
to government. The former rises up against his rulers, the latter
makes war upon them.</usage>

<hw>Re*bel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rebelled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rebelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rebeller</ets>,
fr. L. <ets>rebellare</ets> to make war again; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>bellare</ets> to make war, fr.
<ets>bellum</ets> war. See <er>Bellicose</er>, and cf.
<er>Revel</er> to carouse.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To renounce,
and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to
which one owes obedience. See <er>Rebellion</er>.</def>

<q>The murmur and the churl's <qex>rebelling</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might <qex>rebel</qex>
this day against the Lord.</q>
<qau>Josh. xxii. 16.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be disobedient to authority; to assume a
hostile or insubordinate attitude; to revolt.</def>

<q>Hoe could my hand <qex>rebel</qex> against my heart?
How could you heart <qex>rebel</qex> against your reason?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Reb"el*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A region
infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively; also,
conduct o<?/ quality characteristic of rebels.</def>

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<hw>Re*bel"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rebels; a rebel.</def>

<hw>Re*bel"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82bellion</ets>, L. <ets>rebellio</ets>. See
<er>Rebel</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> Among the Romans rebellion was
originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by
nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed
war.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rebelling; open and
avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which
one owes obedience, and resistances to its officers and laws,
either by levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organized
uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing
their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt;
insurrection.</def>

<q>No sooner is the standard of <qex>rebellion</qex> displayed
than men of desperate principles resort to it.</q>
<qau>Ames.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Open resistances to, or defiance of, lawful
authority.</def>

<cs><col>Commission of rebellion</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>,
<cd>a process of contempt on the nonappearance of a defendant, --
non abolished.</cd>
<au>Wharton. Burrill.</au>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistances;
contumacy. See <er>Insurrection</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*bel"lious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Engaged in
rebellion; disposed to rebel of the nature of rebels or of
rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by
force.</def> \'bdThy <xex>rebellious</xex> crew.\'b8 \'bdProud
<xex>rebellious</xex> arms.\'b8 <au>Milton.</au> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*bel"lious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*bel"lious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*bel"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bellow
again; to repeat or echo a bellow.</def>

<q>The cave <qex>rebellowed</qex>, and the temple shook.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Re*bit"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Etching)</fld> <def>The act or process of deepening worn
lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action if
acid.</def>

<au>Fairholt.</au>

<hw>Re*bloom"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bloom
again.</def>

<au>Crabbe.</au>

<hw>Re*blos"som</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
blossom again.</def>

<hw>Re*bo"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reboans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reboare</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>boare</ets> to cry aloud.]</ety>
<def>Rebellowing; resounding loudly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>

<hw>Re`bo*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Repetition
of a bellow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Patrick.</au>

<hw>Re*boil"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>boil</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rebouillir</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To boil, or to
cause to boil, again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To make or to become hot.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Some of his companions thereat <qex>reboyleth</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Elyot.</qau>

<hw>Re*born"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Born
again.</def>

<hw>Re*bound"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>bound</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rebondir</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To spring back; to
start back; to be sent back or reverberated by elastic force on
collision with another body; <as>as, a <ex>rebounding</ex>
echo</as>.</def>

<q>Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of
elasticity, will not <qex>rebound</qex> from one another.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give back an echo.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>T. Warton.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<cs><col>Rebounding lock</col> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>one in
which the hammer rebounds to half cock after striking the cap or
primer.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*bound"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To send back; to
reverberate.</def>

<q>Silenus sung; the vales his voice <qex>rebound</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Re*bound"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of rebounding;
resilience.</def>

<q>Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift
<qex>rebound</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Re*brace"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To brace
again.</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<hw>Re*breathe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
breathe again.</def>

<hw>Re*bu"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rebuking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>She gave unto him many <qex>rebucous</qex> words.</q>
<qau>Fabyan.</qau>

<hw>Re*buff"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>ribuffo</ets>, akin to <ets>ribuffare</ets> to repulse;
pref. <ets>ri-</ets> (L. <ets>re-</ets>) + <ets>buffo</ets> puff.
Cf. <er>Buff</er> to strike, <er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and
sudden resistance.</def>

<q>The strong <qex>rebuff</qex> of some tumultuous cloud.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat;
refusal; repellence; rejection of solicitation.</def>

<hw>Re*buff"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rebuffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rebuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat back; to
offer sudden resistance to; to check; to repel or repulse
violently, harshly, or uncourteously.</def>

<hw>Re*build"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To build
again, as something which has been demolished; to construct anew;
<as>as, to <ex>rebuild</ex> a house, a wall, a wharf, or a
city</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*build"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rebuilds.</def>

<au>Bp. Bull.</au>

<hw>Re*buk"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worthy of
rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*buke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rebuked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rebuking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>rebouquier</ets>
to dull, blunt, F. <ets>reboucher</ets>; perhaps fr. pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>bouche</ets> mouth, OF. also
<ets>bouque</ets>, L. <ets>bucca</ets> cheek; if so, the original
sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop, obstruct.]</ety>
<def>To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by
expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily;
to chide; to reprove; to admonish.</def>

<q>The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered,
Nor to <qex>rebuke</qex> the rich offender feared.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain;
silence. See <er>Reprove</er>.</syn>

<-- p. 1197 -->

<hw>Re*buke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also, chastisement;
punishment.</def>

<q>For thy sake I have suffered <qex>rebuke</qex>.</q>
<qau>Jer. xv. 15.</qau>

<q>Why bear you these <qex>rebukes</qex> and answer not?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Check; rebuff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>L'Estrange.</au>

<cs><col>To be without rebuke</col>, <cd>to live without giving
cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*buke"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing
rebuke; of the nature of rebuke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*buke"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<hw>Re*buk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rebukes.</def>

<hw>Re*buk"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of
rebuke.</def>

<hw>Re`bul*li"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of boiling up or effervescing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<hw>Re*bur"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bury
again.</def>

<au>Ashmole.</au>

<hw>Re"bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rebuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>rebus</ets>
by things, abl. pl. of <ets>res</ets> a thing: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82bus</ets>. Cf. 3d things, abl. pl. of <ets>res</ets> a
thing: cf. F. <ets>r\'82bus</ets>. Cf. 3d <er>Real</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A mode of expressing words and phrases by
pictures of objects whose names resemble those words, or the
syllables of which they are composed; enigmatical representation
of words by figures; hence, a peculiar form of riddle made up of
such representations.</def>

<note><hand/ A gallant, in love with a woman named <xex>Rose
Hill</xex>, had, embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye,
a loaf, and a well, signifying, <xex>Rose Hill I love
well</xex>.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A pictorial suggestion on a
coat of arms of the name of the person to whom it belongs. See
<cref>Canting arms</cref>, under <er>Canting</er>.</def>

<hw>Re"bus</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark or indicate by a
rebus.</def>

<q>He [John Morton] had a fair library <qex>rebused</qex> with
More in text and Tun under it.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Re*but"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rebutted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rebutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>reb<?/<?/ter</ets> to repulse, drive back; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>bouter</ets> to push, thrust. See 1st
<er>Butt</er>, <er>Boutade</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To drive or beat back; to repulse.</def>

<q>Who him, recount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight,
Perforce <qex>rebutted</qex> back.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To contradict, meet, or oppose
by argument, plea, or countervailing proof.</def>

<au>Abbott.</au>

<hw>Re*but"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To retire; to
recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To make, or put in, an answer,
as to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.</def>

<q>The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on
which the defendant.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<hw>Re*but"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being rebutted.</def>

<hw>Re*but"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>The giving of evidence on the part of a plaintiff to destroy
the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant in the same
suit.</def>

<hw>Re*but"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>The answer of a defendant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.</def>

<hw>Re*ca"den*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A falling
back or descending a second time; a relapse.</def>

<au>W. Montagu.</au>

<hw>Re*cal"ci*trant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recalcitrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recalcitrare</ets> to
kick back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>calcitrare</ets> to
kick, fr. <ets>calx</ets> heel. Cf. <er>Inculcate</er>.]</ety>
<def>Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or
opposition; refractory.</def>

<hw>Re*cal"ci*trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
kick against; to show repugnance to; to rebuff.</def>

<q>The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and
<qex>recalcitrate</qex> his tricks.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<hw>Re*cal"ci*trate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To kick back; to
kick against anything; hence, to express repugnance or
opposition.</def>

<hw>Re*cal`ci*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
kicking back again; opposition; repugnance; refractoriness.</def>

<hw>Re*call"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To call back; to summon to return; <as>as, to
<ex>recall</ex> troops; to <ex>recall</ex> an
ambassador.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take
back; to withdraw; <as>as, to <ex>recall</ex> words, or a
decree</as>.</def>

<q>Passed sentence may not be <qex>recall'd</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to
recollect; to remember; <as>as, to <ex>recall</ex> bygone
days</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*call"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A calling back;
a revocation.</def>

<q>'T his done, and since 't is done, 't is past
<qex>recall</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A call on the trumpet, bugle,
or drum, by which soldiers are recalled from duty, labor,
etc.</def>

<au>Wilhelm.</au>

<hw>Re*call"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being recalled.</def>

<hw>Re*call"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recall.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>R. Browning.</au>

<hw>Re*cant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recanted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Recanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>recantare</ets>, <ets>recantatum</ets>, to recall, recant;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cantare</ets> to sing, to sound.
See 3d <er>Cant</er>, <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <def>To withdraw or
repudiate formally and publicly (opinions formerly expressed); to
contradict, as a former declaration; to take back openly; to
retract; to recall.</def>

<q>How soon . . . ease would <qex>recant</qex>
Vows made in pain, as violent and void!</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow.
See <er>Renounce</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*cant"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To revoke a declaration
or proposition; to unsay what has been said; to retract; <as>as,
convince me that I am wrong, and I will
<ex>recant</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Re`can*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of recanting; a declaration that contradicts a former one; that
which is thus asserted in contradiction; retraction.</def>

<q>The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to
make a public <qex>recantation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>

<hw>Re*cant"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
recants.</def>

<hw>Re`ca*pac"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
qualify again; to confer capacity on again.</def>

<au>Atterbury.</au>

<hw>Re*ca*pit"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recapitulare</ets>, <ets>recapitulatum</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>capitulum</ets> a small head, chapter,
section. See <er>Capitulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To repeat, as the
principal points in a discourse, argument, or essay; to give a
summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments of; to
relate in brief; to summarize.</def>

<hw>Re`ca*pit"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been previously
said; to repeat briefly the substance.</def>

<hw>Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>recapitulatio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>recapitulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recapitulating;
a summary, or concise statement or enumeration, of the principal
points, facts, or statements, in a preceding discourse, argument,
or essay.</def>

<hw>Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who recapitulates.</def>

<hw>Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
the nature of a recapitulation; containing recapitulation.</def>

<hw>Re*cap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>A tool used for applying a fresh
percussion cap or primer to a cartridge shell in reloading
it.</def>

<hw>Re*cap"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>The act of retaking, as of one who has escaped after arrest;
reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife, or
children, without force or violence, from one who has taken them
and who wrongfully detains them.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<cs><col>Writ of recaption</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ to
recover damages for him whose goods, being distrained for rent or
service, are distrained again for the same
cause.</cd><rj><au>Wharton.</au></rj></cs>

<hw>Re*cap"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
recaptures; one who takes a prize which had been previously
taken.</def>

<hw>Re*cap"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially,
the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is captured back; a prize
retaken.</def>

<hw>Re*cap"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To capture again; to
retake.</def>

<hw>Re*car"bon*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To restore carbon to; <as>as, to
<ex>recarbonize</ex> iron in converting it into steel</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*car"ni*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
convert again into flesh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Howell.</au>

<hw>Re*car"riage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of
carrying back.</def>

<hw>Re*car"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To carry
back.</def>

<au>Walton.</au>

<hw>Re*cast"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To throw again.</def>

<au>Florio.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new
from a shape; to reconstruct; <as>as, to <ex>recast</ex> cannon;
to <ex>recast</ex> an argument or a play.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To compute, or cast up, a second time.</def>

<hw>Rec"che</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
reck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rec"che*les</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reckless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*cede"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Receded</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Receding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>recedere</ets>, <ets>recessum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>cedere</ets> to go, to go along: cf. F.
<ets>rec\'82der</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.</def>

<q>Like the hollow roar
Of tides <qex>receding</qex> from the instituted shore.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>All bodies moved circularly endeavor to <qex>recede</qex> from
the center.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to
relinquish what had been proposed or asserted; <as>as, to
<ex>recede</ex> from a demand or proposition</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw;
desist.</syn>

<hw>Re*cede"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>cede</ets>. Cf. <er>Recede</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To cede back; to grant or yield again to a
former possessor; <as>as, to <ex>recede</ex> conquered
territory</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*ceipt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>receite</ets>, OF. <ets>recete</ets>, <ets>recepte</ets>, F.
<ets>recette</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recipere</ets>,
<ets>receptum</ets>, to receive. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of receiving; reception.</def> \'bdAt
the <xex>receipt</xex> of your letter.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reception, as an act of hospitality.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Thy kind <qex>receipt</qex> of me.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Capability of receiving; capacity.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>It has become a place of great <qex>receipt</qex>.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Place of receiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the <qex>receipt</qex>
of custom.</q>
<qau>Matt. ix. 9.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, a recess; a retired place.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIn a retired <xex>receipt</xex> together
lay.\'b8

<au>Chapman.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A formulary according to the directions of which
things are to be taken or combined; a recipe; <as>as, a
<ex>receipt</ex> for making sponge cake</as>.</def>

<q>She had a <qex>receipt</qex> to make white hair black.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving
of goods delivered; an acknowledgment of money paid.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>That which is received; that which comes in, in
distinction from what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the
like; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>receipts</ex>
amounted to a thousand dollars</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Cross receipts</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gross</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ceipt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Receipted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Receipting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a
receipt for; <as>as, to <ex>receipt</ex> goods delivered by a
sheriff</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping;
<as>as, to <ex>receipt</ex> a bill</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*ceipt"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give a receipt, as
for money paid.</def>

<hw>Re*ceipt"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O. Eng.
Law)</fld> <def>The receiving or harboring a felon knowingly,
after the commission of a felony.</def>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<hw>Re*ceipt"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
receipts; specifically <fld>(Law)</fld>, one who receipts for
property which has been taken by the sheriff.</def>

<hw>Re*ceit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Receipt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of being receivable; receivableness.</def>

<hw>Re*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>recevable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being
received.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<cs><col>Bills receivable</col>. <cd>See under 6th
<er>Bill</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ceive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Received</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Receiving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>receiver</ets>,
<ets>recevoir</ets>, F. <ets>recevoir</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>recipere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>capere</ets>
to take, seize. See See <er>Capable</er>, <er>Heave</er>, and cf.
<er>Receipt</er>, <er>Reception</er>, <er>Recipe</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take, as something that is offered, given,
committed, sent, paid, or the like; to accept; <as>as, to
<ex>receive</ex> money offered in payment of a debt; to
<ex>receive</ex> a gift, a message, or a letter.</as></def>

<q><qex>Receyven</qex> all in gree that God us sent.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into
the mind by assent to; to give admission to; to accept, as an
opinion, notion, etc.; to embrace.</def>

<q>Our hearts <qex>receive</qex> your warnings.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>The idea of solidity we <qex>receives</qex> by our touch.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like;
to give credence or acceptance to.</def>

<q>Many other things there be which they have <qex>received</qex>
to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots.</q>
<qau>Mark vii. 4.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as
into one's house, presence, company, and the like; <as>as, to
<ex>receive</ex> a lodger, visitor, ambassador, messenger,
etc</as>.</def>

<q>They kindled a fire, and <qex>received</qex> us every one.</q>
<qau>Acts xxviii. 2.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to
have capacity fro; to be able to take in.</def>

<q>The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to
<qex>receive</qex> the burnt offerings.</q>
<qau>1 Kings viii. 64.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To be affected by something; to suffer; to be
subjected to; <as>as, to <ex>receive</ex> pleasure or pain; to
<ex>receive</ex> a wound or a blow; to <ex>receive</ex>
damage.</as></def>

<q>Against his will he can <qex>receive</qex> no harm.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To take from a thief, as goods known to be
stolen.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld> <def>To bat back (the ball)
when served.</def>

<cs><col>Receiving ship</col>, <cd>one on board of which newly
recruited sailors are received, and kept till drafted for
service.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Receive</er>, <er>Accept</er>. To
<xex>receive</xex> describes simply the act of taking. To
<xex>accept</xex> denotes the taking with approval, or for the
purposes for which a thing is offered. Thus, we
<xex>receive</xex> a letter when it comes to hand; we
<xex>receive</xex> news when it reaches us; we <xex>accept</xex>
a present when it is offered; we <xex>accept</xex> an invitation
to dine with a friend.</usage>

<q>Who, if we knew
What we <qex>receive</qex>, would either not <qex>accept</qex>
Life offered, or soon beg to lay it down.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*ceive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; <as>as,
she <ex>receives</ex> on Tuesdays</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld> <def>To return, or bat back,
the ball when served; <as>as, it is your turn to
<ex>receive</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*ceiv"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality
of being received, accepted, or current; <as>as, the
<ex>receivedness</ex> of an opinion</as>.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*ceiv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>receveur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who takes or
receives in any manner.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person appointed, ordinarily
by a court, to receive, and hold in trust, money or other
property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a
person appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a
corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up its
affairs, in certain cases.</def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief,
knowing them to be stolen.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A vessel
connected with an alembic, a retort, or the like, for receiving
and condensing the product of distillation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A vessel for receiving and containing gases.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Pneumatics)</fld> <def>The glass vessel in
which the vacuum is produced, and the objects of experiment are
put, in experiments with an air pump. Cf. <er>Bell jar</er>, and
see <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Air pump</er>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A vessel
for receiving the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder
before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a compound
engine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A capacious vessel for receiving
steam from a distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an
engine.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or
similar system, at which the message is received and made
audible; -- opposed to <xex>transmitter</xex>.</def>

<cs><col>Exhausted receiver</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a
receiver, as that used with the air pump, from which the air has
been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of which is a more or less
complete vacuum.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ceiv"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or office
of a receiver.</def>

<hw>Re*cel"e*brate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
celebrate again, or anew.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*cel`e*bra"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>recentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recens</ets>. See
<er>Recent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being
recent; newness; new state; late origin; lateness in time;
freshness; <as>as, the <ex>recency</ex> of a transaction, of a
wound, etc</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*cense"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recensere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again +
<ets>censere</ets> to value, estimate: cf. F.
<ets>recenser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To review; to revise.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Bentley.</au>

<hw>Re*cen"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recension</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reviewing or revising; review;
examination; enumeration.</def>

<au>Barrow.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the review of a text (as of an
ancient author) by an editor; critical revisal and
establishment.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The result of such a work; a text established by
critical revision; an edited version.</def>

<hw>Re*cen"sion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes
recensions; specifically, a critical editor.</def>

<hw>Re"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82cent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of late origin,
existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date,
antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn
out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; <as>as,
<ex>recent</ex> news</as>.</def>

<q>The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of
that country [Egypt] was <qex>recent</qex>, and formed out of the
mud discharged into the neighboring sea by the Nile.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
present or existing epoch; <as>as, <ex>recent</ex>
shells</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*cen"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>center</ets>.]</ety> <def>To center again;
to restore to the center.</def>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Re"cent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Newly;
lately; freshly; not long since; <as>as, advices
<ex>recently</ex> received</as>.</def>

<hw>Re"cent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being recent.</def>

<hw>Re*cep"ta*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82ceptacle</ets>, L. <ets>receptaculum</ets>, fr.
<ets>receptare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>recipere</ets> to
receive. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
serves, or is used, fro receiving and containing something, as a
basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository.</def>

<q>O sacred <qex>receptacle</qex> of my joys!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The apex of the
flower stalk, from which the organs of the flower grow, or into
which they are inserted. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Flower</er>, and <er>Ovary</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common support to a
head of flowers.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An intercellular cavity
containing oil or resin or other matters.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>
<def>A special branch which bears the fructification in many
cryptogamous plants.</def>

<-- p. 1198 -->

<hw>Rec`ep*tac"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>r\'82ceptaculaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; <as>as, the
<ex>receptacular</ex> chaff or scales in the
sunflower</as>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rec`ep*tac"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Receptacula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A receptacle; <as>as, the
<ex>receptaculum</ex> of the chyle</as>.</def>

<hw>Rec"ep*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Generally
or popularly admitted or received.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Rec"ep*ta*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is
received.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Receptaries</xex> of
philosophy.\'b8

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being receptible;
receivableness.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A receptible thing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Glanvill.</au>

<hw>Re*cep"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>receptibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Such as may be received;
receivable.</def>

<hw>Re*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82ception</ets>, L. <ets>receptio</ets>, fr.
<ets>recipere</ets>, <ets>receptum</ets>. See
<er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of receiving;
receipt; admission; <as>as, the <ex>reception</ex> of food into
the stomach; the <ex>reception</ex> of a letter; the
<ex>reception</ex> of sensation or ideas; <ex>reception</ex> of
evidence.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being received.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or manner of receiving, esp.  of
receiving visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony
of receiving guests; <as>as, a hearty <ex>reception</ex>; an
elaborate <ex>reception</ex>.</as></def>

<q>What <qex>reception</qex> a poem may find.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.</def>

<q>Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their
countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common
<qex>reception</qex> countenanced.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A retaking; a recovery.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*cep"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82ceptif</ets>. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>Having
the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in, absorb,
hold, or contain; receiving or containing; <as>as, a
<ex>receptive</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<q>Imaginary space is <qex>receptive</qex> of all bodies.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>

<hw>Re*cep"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of
being receptive.</def>

<hw>Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82ceptivit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state
or quality of being receptive.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Kantian Philos.)</fld> <def>The power or
capacity of receiving impressions, as those of the external
senses.</def>

<hw>Re*cep"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>receptorium</ets> a place of shelter.]</ety>
<def>Receptacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Holland.</au>

<hw>Re*cess"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recessus</ets>, fr. <ets>recedere</ets>,
<ets>recessum</ets>. See <er>Recede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; <as>as,
the <ex>recess</ex> of the tides</as>.</def>

<q>Every degree of ignorance being so far a <qex>recess</qex> and
degradation from rationality.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>My <qex>recess</qex> hath given them confidence that I may be
conquered.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being withdrawn; seclusion;
privacy.</def>

<q>In the <qex>recess</qex> of the jury they are to consider the
evidence.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<q>Good verse <qex>recess</qex> and solitude requires.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Remission or suspension of business or
procedure; intermission, as of a legislative body, court, or
school.</def>

<q>The <qex>recess</qex> of . . . Parliament lasted six
weeks.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Part of a room formed by the receding of the
wall, as an alcove, niche, etc.</def>

<q>A bed which stood in a deep <qex>recess</qex>.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or
seclusion.</def>

<q>Departure from his happy place, our sweet
<qex>Recess</qex>, and only consolation left.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Secret or abstruse part; <as>as, the
difficulties and <ex>recesses</ex> of science</as>.</def>

<au>I. Watts.</au>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sinus.</def>

<hw>Re*cess"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Recessed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Recessing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a recess in;
<as>as, to <ex>recess</ex> a wall</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*cess"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A decree of
the imperial diet of the old German empire.</def>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<hw>Re*cessed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having a recess or recesses; <as>as, a <ex>recessed</ex>
arch or wall</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Withdrawn; secluded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdComfortably <xex>recessed</xex> from curious
impertinents.\'b8

<au>Miss Edgeworth.</au>

<cs><col>Recessed arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>one of a
series of arches constructed one within another so as to
correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or the
like.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ces"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recessio</ets>, fr. <ets>recedere</ets>,
<ets>recessum</ets>. See <er>Recede</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of
receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim, or a
demand.</def>

<au>South.</au>

<q>Mercy may rejoice upon the <qex>recessions</qex> of
justice.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<hw>Re*ces"sion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> +
<ets>cession</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ceding back;
restoration; repeated cession; <as>as, the <ex>recession</ex> of
conquered territory to its former sovereign</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*ces"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to recession or withdrawal.</def>

<cs><col>Recessional hymn</col>, <cd>a hymn sung in a procession
returning from the choir to the robing room.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ces"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Going back;
receding.</def>

<hw>Re"chab*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Jewish
Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of
Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained from the use of
intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine.
<xex>Jer</xex>. <xex>xxxv</xex>. 2-19. Also, in modern times, a
member of a certain society of abstainers from alcoholic
liquors.</def>

<hw>Re*change"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
change again, or change back.</def>

<hw>Re*charge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>charge</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>recharger</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To charge or accuse
in return.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attack again; to attack anew.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Re*char"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
charter; a renewal of a charter.</def>

<au>D. Webster.</au>

<hw>Re*char"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To charter again or
anew; to grant a second or another charter to.</def>

<hw>Re*chase"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>chase</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rechasser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To chase again; to chase or
drive back.</def>

<hw>Re*cheat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>requ\'88t\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>requ\'88ter</ets> to hunt
anew. See <er>Request</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>A
strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they have
lost track of the game.</def>

<hw>Re*cheat"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To blow the
recheat.</def>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re*cher`ch\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Sought out with care; choice. Hence: of rare
quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in
kind.</def>

<hw>Rech"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reckless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>P. Plowman.</au>

<hw>Re*choose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To choose
again.</def>

<hw>Re*cid"i*vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>recidivare</ets>. See <er>Recidivous</er>.]</ety> <def>To
baskslide; to fall again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*cid`i*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>recidivatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A falling back; a
backsliding.</def>

<au>Hammond.</au>

<hw>Re*cid"i*vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>r<?/<?/idivus</ets>, fr. <ets>recidere</ets> to fall
back.]</ety> <def>Tending or liable to backslide or
r<?/<?/<?/<?/se to a former condition or habit.</def>

<hw>Rec"i*pe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Recipes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., imperative of
<ets>recipere</ets> to take back, take in, receive. See
<er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>A formulary or prescription for
making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a
receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine.</def>
<-- now esp. a prescription (set of directions) for preparing
food -->

<hw>Re*cip"i*an`gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recipere</ets> to take + <ets>angulus</ets> angle.]</ety>
<def>An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one
end, and a graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for
measuring and laying off angles of fortifications.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*cip"i*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Re*cip"i*en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving;
reception; receptiveness.</def>

<hw>Re*cip"i*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recipiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, receiving, p. pr. of
<ets>recipere</ets> to receive: cf. F. <ets>r\'82cipient</ets>.
See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>A receiver; the person or thing
that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything is given
or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still.</def>

<hw>Re*cip"i*ent</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Receiving;
receptive.</def>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reciprocus</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Done by each to the other; interchanging or
interchanged; given and received; due from each to each; mutual;
<as>as, <ex>reciprocal</ex> love; <ex>reciprocal</ex>
duties.</as></def>

<q>Let our <qex>reciprocal</qex> vows be remembered.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mutually interchangeable.</def>

<q>These two rules will render a definition <qex>reciprocal</qex>
with the thing defined.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Reflexive; -- applied to
pronouns and verbs, but sometimes limited to such pronouns as
express mutual action.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Used to denote different
kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the
substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. See the Phrases
below.</def>

<cs><col>Reciprocal equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one
which remains unchanged in form when the reciprocal of the
unknown quantity is substituted for that quantity.</cd> --
<col>Reciprocal figures</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two figures
of the same kind (as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so
related that two sides of the one form the extremes of a
proportion of which the means are the two corresponding sides of
the other; in general, two figures so related that the first
corresponds in some special way to the second, and the second
corresponds in the same way to the first.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocal
proportion</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a proportion such that,
of four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the
same ratio which the fourth has to the third, or the first has to
the second the same ratio which the reciprocal of the third has
to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a
<xex>reciprocal proportion<xex>, because 2:5:
:<fract>1/20</fract>:<fract>1/8</fract>.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocal
quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>any two quantities which
produce unity when multiplied together.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocal
ratio</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio between the
reciprocals of two quantities; as, the <xex>reciprocal ratio<xex>
of 4 to 9 is that of \'ac to <fract>1/9</fract>.</cd> --
<col>Reciprocal terms</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>those terms
which have the same signification, and, consequently, are
convertible, and may be used for each other.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Mutual; alternate.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Reciprocal</er>, <er>Mutual</er>. The distinctive idea of
<xex>mutual</xex> is, that the parties unite by interchange in
the same act; <as>as, a <ex>mutual</ex> covenant; <ex>mutual</ex>
affection, etc.</as>  The distinctive idea of
<xex>reciprocal</xex> is, that one party acts by way of return or
response to something previously done by the other party; <as>as,
a <ex>reciprocal</ex> kindness</as>; <ex>reciprocal</ex>
reproaches, etc.</as>  Love is <xex>reciprocal</xex> when the
previous affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of
the other. To make it <xex>mutual</xex> in the strictest sense,
the two parties should have fallen in love at the same time; but
as the result is the same, the two words are here used
interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the tide is a case
where the action is <xex>reciprocal</xex>, but not
<xex>mutual</xex>.</usage>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
is reciprocal to another thing.</def>

<q>Corruption is a <qex>reciprocal</qex> to generation.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arith. & Alg.)</fld> <def>The quotient arising
from dividing unity by any quantity; thus \'ac is the
<xex>reciprocal</xex> of 4; <fract>1/(a + b)</fract> is the
<xex>reciprocal</xex> of <mathex>a + b</mathex>. The
<xex>reciprocal</xex> of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or
the denominator divided by the numerator.</def>

<hw>Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the
other, and is equally affected by it; interchangeably;
mutually.</def>

<q>These two particles to <qex>reciprocally</qex> affect each
other with the same force.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In the manner of
reciprocals.</def>

<cs><col>Reciprocally proportional</col> <fld>(Arith. &
Alg.)</fld>, <cd>proportional, as two variable quantities, so
that the one shall have a constant ratio to the reciprocal of the
other.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cal*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return;
alternateness.</def>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reciprocated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reciprocating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>reciprocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reciprocare</ets>. See
<er>Reciprocal</er>.]</ety> <def>To move forward and backward
alternately; to recur in vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to
alternate.</def>

<q>One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies,
And draws and blows <qex>reciprocating</qex> air.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<cs><col>Reciprocating engine</col>, <cd>a steam, air, or gas
engine, etc., in which the piston moves back and forth; -- in
distinction from a <xex>rotary engine<xex>, in which the piston
travels continuously in one direction in a circular path.</cd> --
<col>Reciprocating motion</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>motion
alternately backward and forward, or up and down, as of a piston
rod.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give and return
mutually; to make return for; to give in return; to unterchange;
to alternate; <as>as, to <ex>reciprocate</ex> favors</as>.</def>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<hw>Re*cip`ro*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reciprocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reciprocation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a
mutual giving and returning; <as>as, the <ex>reciprocation</ex>
of kindness</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Alternate recurrence or action; <as>as, the
<ex>reciprocation</ex> of the sea in the flow and ebb of
tides</as>.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Rec`i*proc"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82ciprocit\'82</ets>. See <er>Reciprocal</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Mutual action and reaction.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights;
reciprocation.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Reciprocity treaty</col>, <or/ <col>Treaty of
reciprocity</col></mcol>, <cd>a treaty concluded between two
countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs or
charges on imports, or in other respects.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.</syn>

<hw>Re*cip`ro*cor"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reciprocus</ets> returning, reciprocal + <ets>cornu</ets>
horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having horns turning
backward and then forward, like those of a ram.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Ash.</au>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rec"i*prok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82ciproque</ets>, L. <ets>reciprocus</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Rec"i*proque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82ciproque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reciprocal.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*ci"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recisio</ets>, fr. <ets>recidere</ets>, <ets>recisum</ets>,
to cut off; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>caedere</ets> to
cut.]</ety> <def>The act of cutting off.</def>

<au>Sherwood.</au>

<hw>Re*cit"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reciting; the
repetition of the words of another, or of a document; rehearsal;
<as>as, the <ex>recital</ex> of testimony</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A telling in detail and due order of the
particulars of anything, as of a law, an adventure, or a series
of events; narration.</def>

<au>Addison.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is recited; a story; a
narration.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A vocal or instrumental
performance by one person; -- distinguished from
<xex>concert</xex>; <as>as, a song <ex>recital</ex>; an organ,
piano, or violin <ex>recital</ex>.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The formal statement, or
setting forth, of some matter of fact in any deed or writing in
order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded;
the statement of matter in pleading introductory to some positive
allegation.</def>

<au>Burn.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration;
description; explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See
<er>Account</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rec`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82citation</ets>. See
<er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reciting;
rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences.</def>

<au>Hammond.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The delivery before an audience of something
committed to memory, especially as an elocutionary exhibition;
also, that which is so delivered.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Colleges and Schools)</fld> <def>The rehearsal
of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.</def>

<hw>Rec`i*ta*tive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>recitativo</ets>, or F. <ets>r\'82citatif</ets>. See
<er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A species of
musical recitation in which the words are delivered in manner
resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a piece of music
intended for such recitation; -- opposed to
<xex>melisma</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rec`i*ta*tive"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
recitation; intended for musical recitation or declamation; in
the style or manner of recitative.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rec`i*ta*tive"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rec`i*ta*ti"vo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Recitative.</def>

<hw>Re*cite"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recited</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Reciting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82citer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recitare</ets>,
<ets>recitatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>citare</ets> to call or name, to cite. See
<er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To repeat, as something
already prepared, written down, committed to memory, or the like;
to deliver from a written or printed document, or from
recollection; to rehearse; <as>as, to <ex>recite</ex> the words
of an author, or of a deed or covenant</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tell over; to go over in particulars; to
relate; to narrate; <as>as, to <ex>recite</ex> past events; to
<ex>recite</ex> the particulars of a voyage.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To state in or as a recital.
See <er>Recital</er>, 5.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe;
recapitulate; detail; number; count.</syn>

<hw>Re*cite"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To repeat, pronounce, or
rehearse, as before an audience, something prepared or committed
to memory; to rehearse a lesson learned.</def>

<hw>Re*cite"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A recital.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>

<hw>Re*cit"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.</def>

<hw>Reck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
(<ets>obs</ets>. <ets>imp</ets>. <er>Roughte</er>); <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Recking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>reccan</ets>, <ets>r<emc/can</ets>, to care for; akin to OS.
<ets>r<omac/kian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ruochan</ets>, G.
<ets>geruhen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'91kja</ets>, also to E.
<ets>reckon</ets>, <ets>rake</ets> an implement. See
<er>Rake</er>, and cf. <er>Reckon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>This son of mine not <qex>recking</qex> danger.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>

<q>And may you better <qex>reck</qex> the rede
Than ever did the adviser.</q>
<qau>Burns.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To concern; -- used impersonally.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<q>What <qex>recks</qex> it them?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<-- p. 1199 -->

<hw>Reck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make
account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- often followed by
<xex>of</xex>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>Then <qex>reck</qex> I not, when I have lost my life.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>I <qex>reck</qex> not though I end my life to-day.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Of me she <qex>recks</qex> not, nor my vain desire.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>

<hw>Reck"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>reccele\'a0s</ets>, <ets>r<emac/cele\'a0s</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful;
indifferent.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rashly negligent; utterly careless or
heedless.</def>

<q>It made the king as <qex>reckless</qex> as them diligent.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless;
negligent; indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive;
remiss; rash.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Reck"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Reck"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Reck"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Needing care;
weak; feeble; <as>as, a <ex>reckling</ex> child</as>.</def>
<au>H. Taylor</au>. -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A weak child or
animal.</def></def2>

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<hw>Reck"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reckoned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reckoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rekenen</ets>,
AS. <ets>gerecenian</ets> to explain; akin to D.
<ets>rekenen</ets> to reckon, G. <ets>rechnen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>rahnjan</ets>), and to E. <ets>reck</ets>, <ets>rake</ets>
an implement; the original sense probably being, to bring
together, count together. See <er>Reck</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to
compute; to calculate.</def>

<q>The priest shall <qex>reckon</qex> to him the money according
to the years that remain.</q>
<qau>Lev. xxvii. 18.</qau>

<q>I <qex>reckoned</qex> above two hundred and fifty on the
outside of the church.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To count as in a number, rank, or series; to
estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account;
to esteem; to repute.</def>

<q>He was <qex>reckoned</qex> among the transgressors.</q>
<qau>Luke xxii. 37.</qau>

<q>For him I <qex>reckon</qex> not in high estate.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as
having a certain quality or value.</def>

<q>Faith was <qex>reckoned</qex> to Abraham for
righteousness.</q>
<qau>Rom. iv. 9.</qau>

<q>Without her eccentricities being <qex>reckoned</qex> to her
for a crime.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing
of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an
objective clause; <as>as, I <ex>reckon</ex> he won't try that
again</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate;
value; esteem; account; repute. See <er>Calculate</er>,
<er>Guess</er>.</syn>

<hw>Reck"on</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make an
enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or
computing.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come to an accounting; to make up accounts;
to settle; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit;
to adjust relations of desert or penalty.</def>

<q>\'bdParfay,\'b8 sayst thou, \'bdsometime he <qex>reckon</qex>
shall.\'b8</q>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<cs><col>To reckon for</col>, <cd>to answer for; to pay the
account for. \'bdIf they fail in their bounden duty, they shall
<xex>reckon for<xex> it one day.\'b8 <au>Bp. Sanderson</au>.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>To reckon on</col> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>,
<cd>to count or depend on.</cd> -- <col>To reckon with</col>,
<cd>to settle accounts or claims with; -- used literally or
figuratively.</cd>

<q>After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and
<qex>reckoneth with</qex> them.</q>
<qau>Matt. xxv. 19.</qau>

-- <col>To reckon without one's host</col>, <cd>to ignore in a
calculation or arrangement the person whose assent is essential;
hence, to reckon erroneously.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reck"on*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reckons or computes; also, a book of calculation, tables, etc.,
to assist in reckoning.</def>

<q><qex>Reckoners</qex> without their host must reckon twice.</q>
<qau>Camden.</qau>

<hw>Reck"on*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or
counting; calculation.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An
account of time</def>. <au>Sandys</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of
obligations, liabilities, etc.</def>

<q>Even <qex>reckoning</qex> makes lasting friends, and the way
to make <qex>reckonings</qex> even is to make them often.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible
and memorable <qex>reckoning</qex> had arrived.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The charge or account made by a host at an
inn.</def>

<q>A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a
<qex>reckoning</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Esteem; account; estimation.</def>

<q>You make no further <qex>reckoning</qex> of it [beauty] than
of an outward fading benefit nature bestowed.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Navigation)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical
observations, or from the record of the courses steered and
distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter
case called <xex>dead reckoning</xex> (see under <er>Dead</er>);
-- also used fro <xex>dead reckoning</xex> in contradistinction
to <xex>observation</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The position
of a ship as determined by calculation.</def>

<cs><col>To be out of her reckoning</col>, <cd>to be at a
distance from the place indicated by the reckoning; -- said of a
ship.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*claim"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To claim
back; to demand the return of as a right; to attempt to recover
possession of.</def>

<q>A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually
<qex>reclaiming</qex> its prior occupancy.</q>
<qau>W. Coxe.</qau>

<hw>Re*claim"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reclaimed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reclaiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82clamer</ets>, L. <ets>reclamare</ets>,
<ets>reclamatum</ets>, to cry out against; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>clamare</ets> to call or cry aloud. See
<er>Claim</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To call back, as a hawk
to the wrist in falconry, by a certain customary call.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To call back from flight or disorderly action;
to call to, for the purpose of subduing or quieting.</def>

<q>The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were
deaf to his <qex>reclaiming</qex> them.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring
under discipline; -- said especially of birds trained for the
chase, but also of other animals.</def> \'bdAn eagle well
<xex>reclaimed</xex>.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence: To reduce to a desired state by
discipline, labor, cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being
wild, desert, waste, submerged, or the like; <as>as, to
<ex>reclaim</ex> wild land, overflowed land, etc</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To call back to rectitude from moral wandering
or transgression; to draw back to correct deportment or course of
life; to reform.</def>

<q>It is the intention of Providence, in all the various
expressions of his goodness, to <qex>reclaim</qex> mankind.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To correct; to reform; -- said of things.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Your error, in time <qex>reclaimed</qex>, will be venial.</q>
<qau>Sir E. Hoby.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To exclaim against; to gainsay.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct.</syn>

<hw>Re*claim"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim
against anything; to contradict; to take exceptions.</def>

<q>Scripture <qex>reclaims</qex>, and the whole Catholic church
<qex>reclaims</qex>, and Christian ears would not hear it.</q>
<qau>Waterland.</qau>

<q>At a later period Grote <qex>reclaimed</qex> strongly against
Mill's setting Whately above Hamilton.</q>
<qau>Bain.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring anyone back from evil courses; to
reform.</def>

<q>They, hardened more by what might most <qex>reclaim</qex>,
Grieving to see his glory . . . took envy.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To draw back; to give way.</def> <mark>[R. &
Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*claim"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reclaiming, or
the state of being reclaimed; reclamation; recovery.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*claim"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may
be reclaimed.</def>

<hw>Re*claim"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82clamant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who reclaims; one
who cries out against or contradicts.</def>

<hw>Re*claim"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reclaims.</def>

<hw>Re*claim"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That can not be
reclaimed.</def>

<hw>Rec`la*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82clamation</ets>, L. <ets>reclamatio</ets>. See
<er>Reclaim</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of
reclaiming.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Representation made in opposition;
remonstrance.</def>

<q>I would now, on the <qex>reclamation</qex> both of generosity
and of justice, try clemency.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>

<hw>Re*clasp"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To clasp
or unite again.</def>

<hw>Re*clin"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reclinans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Recline</er>.]</ety>
<def>Bending or leaning backward.</def>

<hw>Rec"li*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reclinatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Reclined, as a leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of
a stem or leaf, is lower than the base.</def>

<hw>Rec`li*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82clinaison</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>The angle which the plane
of the dial makes with a vertical plane which it intersects in a
horizontal line.</def>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The act or process of
removing a cataract, by applying the needle to its anterior
surface, and depressing it into the vitreous humor in such a way
that front surface of the cataract becomes the upper one and its
back surface the lower one.</def>

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<hw>Re*cline"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reclined</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reclining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinare</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>clinare</ets> to lean, incline.
See <er>Incline</er>, <er>Lean</er> to incline.]</ety> <def>To
cause or permit to lean, incline, rest, etc., to place in a
recumbent position; <as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> the head on the
hand</as>.</def>

<q>The mother
<qex>Reclined</qex> her dying head upon his breast.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Re*cline"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lean or
incline; <as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> against a wall</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position;
<as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> on a couch</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*cline"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinis</ets>.
See <er>Recline</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Having a
reclining posture; leaning; reclining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>They sat, <qex>recline</qex>
On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*clined"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Falling or turned downward; reclinate.</def>

<hw>Re*clin"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, reclines.</def>

<hw>Re*clin"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bending or curving gradually back from the
perpendicular.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Recumbent.</def>

<cs><col>Reclining dial</col>, <cd>a dial whose plane is inclined
to the vertical line through its center. <au>Davies & Peck</au>
<fld>(Math. Dict.)</fld>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*close"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To close
again.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Re*clothe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To clothe
again.</def>

<hw>Re*clude"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recludere</ets> to unclose, open; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
again, back, un-</ets> + <ets><ets>claudere</ets> to shut.]</ety>
<def>To open; to unclose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Harvey.</au>

<hw>Re*cluse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reclus</ets>, L. <ets>reclusus</ets>, from
<ets>recludere</ets>, <ets>reclusum</ets>, to unclose, open, in
LL., to shut up. See <er>Close</er>.]</ety> <def>Shut up,
sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice;
solitary; living apart; <as>as, a <ex>recluse</ex> monk or
hermit; a <ex>recluse</ex> life</as></def>

<q>In meditation deep, <qex>recluse</qex>
From human converse.</q>
<qau>J. Philips.</qau>

<hw>Re*cluse"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reclus</ets>, LL.
<ets>reclusus</ets>. See <er>Recluse</er>, <pos>a.<pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse
with the world, as a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class
of secluded devotees who live in single cells; usually attached
to monasteries.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place where a recluse dwells.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<hw>Re*cluse"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shut; to
seclude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*cluse"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a recluse or
solitary manner.</def>

<hw>Re*cluse"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being recluse.</def>

<hw>Re*clu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>reclusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reclusion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
state of retirement from the world; seclusion.</def>

<hw>Re*clu"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affording
retirement from society.</def> \'bdSome <xex>reclusive</xex> and
religious life.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*clu"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>reclosorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>The habitation of a recluse;
a hermitage.</def>

<hw>Re*coct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recoctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recoquere</ets> to cook or
boil over again. See <er>Re-</er>, and 4th <er>Cook</er>.]</ety>
<def>To boil or cook again; hence, to make over; to vamp up; to
reconstruct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<hw>Re*coc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
coction or preparation; a vamping up.</def>

<hw>Rec`og*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recognitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recognition</ets>. See
<er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of recognizing, or the
state of being recognized; acknowledgment; formal avowal;
knowledge confessed or avowed; notice.</def>

<q>The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly
memorials, solemn <qex>recognition</qex> in the church of
God.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<hw>Re*cog"ni*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One of a jury impaneled on
an assize.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re*cog"ni*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.</def>

<hw>Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or condition of being recognizable.</def>

<hw>Rec"og*ni`za*ble</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being recognized.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>recognisable</asp>.]</altsp> --
<wordforms><wf>Rec"og*ni`za*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*cog"ni*zance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>reconnaissance</ets>, OF. <ets>recognoissance</ets>, fr.
<ets>recognoissant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recognoistre</ets> to
recognize, F. <ets>reconna\'8ctre</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>recognoscere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>cognoscere</ets> to know. See <er>Cognizance</er>,
<er>Know</er>, and cf. <er>Recognize</er>,
<er>Reconnoissance</er>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also
<asp>recognisance</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An obligation of
record entered into before some court of record or magistrate
duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to
appear at the same or some other court, to keep the peace, or pay
a debt. A <xex>recognizance</xex> differs from a <xex>bond</xex>,
being witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's
seal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The verdict of a jury impaneled
upon assize.</def>

<au>Cowell.</au>

<note><hand/ Among lawyers the <xex>g</xex> in this and the
related words (except <xex>recognize</xex>) is usually
silent.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge.</def>

<q>That <qex>recognizance</qex> and pledge of love
Which I first gave her.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal;
profession; recognition.</def>

<hw>Re*cog`ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recognition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rec"og*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recognized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Recognizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Recognizance</er>; see
<er>Cognition</er>, and cf. <er>Reconnoiter</er>.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>recognise</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To know again; to perceive the identity of, with
a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall
knowledge of.</def>

<q>Speak, vassal; <qex>recognize</qex> thy sovereign queen.</q>
<qau>Harte.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows;
to consent to admit, hold, or the like; to admit with a formal
acknowledgment; <as>as, to <ex>recognize</ex> an obligation; to
<ex>recognize</ex> a consul.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by
salutation, bowing, or the like.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To show appreciation of; <as>as, to
<ex>recognize</ex> services by a testimonial</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To review; to re\'89xamine.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>South.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To reconnoiter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>R. Monro.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede.
See <er>Acknowledge</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rec"og*nize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To
enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal; <as>as,
A, B <ex>recognized</ex> in the sum of twenty dollars</as>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>recognise</asp>.]</altsp>

<note><hand/ In legal usage in the United States the second
syllable is often accented.</note>

<hw>Re*cog`ni*zee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person in whose favor a recognizance is
made.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisee</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Rec"o*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
recognizes; a recognizor.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>recogniser</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Re*cog`ni*zor"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who enters into a recognizance.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisor</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Rec"og*nosce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recognoscere</ets>. See <er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety>
<def>To recognize.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*coil"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recoiled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Recoiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>recoilen</ets>,
F. <ets>reculer</ets>, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>culus</ets> the fundament. The English word was perhaps
influenced in form by <ets>accoil</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to
take a reverse motion; to be driven or forced backward; to
return.</def>

<q>Evil on itself shall back <qex>recoil</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we
should <qex>recoil</qex> into our ordinary spirits.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw back, as from anything repugnant,
distressing, alarming, or the like; to shrink.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to
retire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo your bowers
<xex>recoil</xex>.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*coil"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To draw or go
back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*coil"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A starting or
falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; <as>as, the <ex>recoil</ex>
of nature, or of the blood</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or condition of having recoiled.</def>

<q>The <qex>recoil</qex> from formalism is skepticism.</q>
<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a
firearm when discharged.</def>

<cs><col>Recoil dynamometer</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>an
instrument for measuring the force of the recoil of a
firearm.</cd> -- <col>Recoil escapement</col> <cd>See the Note
under <er>Escapement</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*coil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, recoils.</def>

<hw>Re*coil"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a
recoil.</def>

<hw>Re*coil"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>reculement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recoil.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*coin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To coin
anew or again.</def>

<hw>Re*coin"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of coining anew.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is coined anew.</def>

<hw>Re`-col*lect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>collect</ets>.]</ety> <def>To collect
again; to gather what has been scattered; <as>as, to
<ex>re-collect</ex> routed troops</as>.</def>

<q>God will one day raise the dead, <qex>re-collecting</qex> our
scattered dust.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>

<hw>Rec`ol*lect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recollected</er>;
<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recollecting</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>collect</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>recolligere</ets>, <ets>recollectum</ets>, to collect. Cf.
<er>Recollet</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring
back to the mind or memory; to remember.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover
self-command; <as>as, to <ex>recollect</ex> one's self after a
burst of anger</as>; -- sometimes, formerly, in the perfect
participle.</def>

<q>The Tyrian queen . . . 
Admired his fortunes, more admired the man;
Then <qex>recollected</qex> stood.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Rec"ol*lect</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Recollet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A friar of the
Strict Observance, -- an order of Franciscans.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Recollet</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Addis & Arnold.</au>

<-- p. 1200 -->

<-- p. 1200 -->

<hw>Rec`ol*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?l*l?k"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82collection</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recollecting, or recalling to the
memory; the operation by which objects are recalled to the
memory, or ideas revived in the mind; reminiscence;
remembrance.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the
period within which things can be recollected; remembrance;
memory; <as>as, an event within my
<ex>recollection</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is recollected; something called to
mind; reminiscence.</def>  \'bdOne of his earliest
<xex>recollections</xex>.\'b8

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act or practice of collecting or
concentrating the mind; concentration; self-control.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity
and <qex>recollection</qex>.</q>
<qau>Robertson.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Reminiscence; remembrance. See
<er>Memory</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rec`ol*lect"ive</hw> <pr>(-l?k"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the power of recollecting.</def>

<au>J. Foster.</au>

<hw>Rec"ol*let</hw> <pr>(r?k"?l*l?t; F. r?`k?`l?")</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82collet</ets>, fr. L. 
<ets>recollectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>recolligere</ets> to gather
again, to gather up; NL., to collect one's self, esp. for
religious contemplation.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Recollect</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>

<hw>Re*col`o*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?l`?*n?*z?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or renewed colonization.</def>

<hw>Re*col"o*nize</hw> <pr>(r?*k?l"?*n?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To colonize again.</def>

<hw>Re*com`bi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m`b?*n?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Combination a second or additional time.</def>

<hw>Re`com*bine"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?m*b?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To combine again.</def>

<hw>Re*com"fort</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m"f?rt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>comfort</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82conforter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To comfort again; to
console anew; to give new strength to.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<q>Gan her <qex>recomfort</qex> from so sad affright.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Re*com"fort*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without
comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*com"for*ture</hw> <pr>(-f?r*t?r;135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of recomforting; restoration of comfort.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re`com*mence"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?m*m?ns")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To commence or begin again.</def>

<au>Howell.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To begin anew to be; to act again as.</def>
<mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<q>He seems desirous enough of <qex>recommencing</qex>
courtier.</q>
<qau>Johnson.</qau>

<hw>Re`com*mence"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>commence</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>recommencer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To commence again or
anew.</def>

<hw>Re`com*mence"ment</hw> <pr>(-m?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
commencement made anew.</def>

<hw>Rec`om*mend"</hw> <pr>(r?k`?m*m?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recommended</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Recommending</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>commend</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>recommander</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To commend to the
favorable notice of another; to commit to another's care,
confidence, or acceptance, with favoring representations; to put
in a favorable light before any one; to bestow commendation on;
<as>as, he <ex>recommended</ex> resting the mind and exercising
the body</as>.</def>

<q>M\'91cenas <qex>recommended</qex> Virgil and Horace to
Augustus, whose praises . . . have made him precious to
posterity.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make acceptable; to attract favor to.</def>

<q>A decent boldness ever meets with friends,
Succeeds, and e'en a stranger <qex>recommends</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To commit; to give in charge; to commend.</def>

<q>Paul chose Silas and departed, being <qex>recommended</qex> by
the brethren unto the grace of God.</q>
<qau>Acts xv. 40</qau>.

<hw>Rec`om*mend"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recommandable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable to be
recommended; worthy of praise; commendable.</def>
<au>Glanvill</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Rec`om*mend"a*bly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rec`om*men*da"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?m*m?n*d?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recommandation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recommending.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which recommends, or commends to favor;
anything procuring, or tending to procure, a favorable reception,
or to secure acceptance and adoption; <as>as, he brought
excellent <ex>recommendations</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being recommended; esteem.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an
extraordinary <qex>recommendation</qex> amongst the ancient.</q>
<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>

<hw>Rec`om*mend"a*tive</hw> <pr>(-m?nd"?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>That which recommends; a recommendation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Serving to recommend; recommending; commendatory.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Rec`om*mend"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who recommends.</def>

<hw>Re`com*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(r?`k?m*m?sh?n)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To commission again; to give a new commission
to.</def>

<q>Officers whose time of service had expired were to be
<qex>recommissioned</qex>.</q>
<qau>Marshall.</qau>

<hw>Re`com*mit"</hw> <pr>(-m?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
commit again; to give back into keeping; specifically, to refer
again to a committee; <as>as, to <ex>recommit</ex> a bill to the
same committee</as>.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re`com*mit"ment</hw> <pr>(-m?nt)</pr>,
<hw>Re`com*mit"tal</hw> <pr>(-?l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a
committee.</def>

<hw>Re`com*pact"</hw> <pr>(-p?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
compact or join anew.</def> \'bd<xex>Recompact</xex> my scattered
body.\'b8

<au>Donne.</au>

<hw>Re*com`pen*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m`p?n*s?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>recompensatio</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Recompense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Used to denote a case
where a set-off pleaded by the defendant is met by a set-off
pleaded by the plaintiff.</def>

<hw>Rec"om*pense</hw> <pr>(r\'cbk"\'cem*p\'cbns)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recompensed</er>
<pr>(-p?nst)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Recompensing</er> <pr>(-p?n`s?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82compenser</ets>, LL.  <ets>recompensare</ets>, fr.L.
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>compensare</ets> to compensate.
See <er>Compensate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render an
equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to
remunerate; to compensate.</def>

<q>He can not <qex>recompense</qex> me better.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To return an equivalent for; to give
compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.</def>

<q>God <qex>recompenseth</qex> the gift.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>

<q>To <qex>recompense</qex>
My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as
something earned or deserved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q><qex>Recompense</qex> to no man evil for evil.</q>
<qau>Rom. xii. 17.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To repay; requite; compensate; reward;
remunerate.</syn>

<hw>Rec"om*pense</hw> <pr>(r?k"?m*p?ns)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<def>To give recompense; to make amends or requital.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rec"om*pense</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82compense</ets>.]</ety> <def>An equivalent returned for
anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital;
suitable return.</def>

<q>To me belongeth vengeance, and <qex>recompense</qex>.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxii. 35.</qau>

<q>And every transgression and disobedience received a just
<qex>recompense</qex> of reward.</q>
<qau>Heb. ii. 2.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends;
satisfaction; reward; requital.</syn>

<hw>Rec"om*pense`ment</hw> <pr>(-p?ns`m?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recompense; requital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fabyan.</au>

<hw>Rec"om*pen`ser</hw> <pr>(-p?n`s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who recompenses.</def>

<q>A thankful <qex>recompenser</qex> of the benefits
received.</q>
<qau>Foxe.</qau>

<hw>Rec"om*pen`sive</hw> <pr>(-s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
the nature of recompense; serving to recompense.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*com`pi*la"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m`p?*l?"tion)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A new compilation.</def>

<hw>Re`com*pile"</hw> <pr>(r\'c7`k\'cem*p\'c6l")</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To compile anew.</def>

<hw>Re`com*pile"ment</hw> <pr>(-ment)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of recompiling; new compilation or digest; <as>as, a
<ex>recompilement</ex> of the laws</as>.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re`com*pose"</hw> <pr>(-p?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recomposed</er>
<pr>(-p?zd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Recomposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> +
<ets>compose</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recomposer</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To compose again; to form anew; to put together
again or repeatedly.</def>

<q>The far greater number of the objects presented to our
observation can only be decomposed, but not actually
<qex>recomposed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to
tranquilize; <as>as, to <ex>recompose</ex> the mind</as>.</def>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<hw>Re`com*pos"er</hw> <pr>(-p?z"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who recomposes.</def>

<hw>Re*com`po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m`p?z?sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recomposition</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of recomposing.</def>

<hw>Rec"on*ci`la*ble</hw> <pr>(r?k"?n*s?`l?*b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82conciliable</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being reconciled; <as>as, <ex>reconcilable</ex>
adversaries; an act <ex>reconciable</ex> with previous
acts.</as></def>

<q>The different accounts of the numbers of ships are
<qex>reconcilable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Rec"on*ci`la*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rec"on*cile`</hw> <pr>(-s?l`)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reconciled</er>
<pr>(-s?ld`)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reconciling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82concilier</ets>, L. <ets>reconciliare</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>conciliare</ets> to bring together, to
unite. See <er>Conciliate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause
to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to
friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at
variance; <as>as, to <ex>reconcile</ex> persons who have
quarreled</as>.</def>

<q>Propitious now and <qex>reconciled</qex> by prayer.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be
<qex>reconciled</qex> [i.e., restored to sanctity] by the
bishop.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>We pray you . . . be ye <qex>reconciled</qex> to God.</q>
<qau>2 Cor. v. 20.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet
submission; <as>as, to <ex>reconcile</ex> one's self to
affictions</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make consistent or congruous; to bring to
agreement or suitableness; -- followed by <xex>with</xex> or
<xex>to</xex>.</def>

<q>The great men among the ancients understood how to
<qex>reconcile</qex> manual labor with affairs of state.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<q>Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear,
Considered singly, or beheld too near;
Which, but proportioned to their light or place,
Due distance <qex>reconciles</qex> to form and grace.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To adjust; to settle; <as>as, to
<ex>reconcile</ex> differences</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify;
appease.</syn>

<hw>Rec"on*cile`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become
reconciled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rec"on*cile`ment</hw> <pr>(-ment)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reconciliation.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Rec"on*ci`ler</hw> <pr>(-s?`l?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who reconciles.</def>

<hw>Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-s?l`?*?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82conciliation</ets>, L. 
<ets>reconciliatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
reconciling, or the state of being reconciled; reconcilenment;
restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.</def>

<q><qex>Reconciliation</qex> and friendship with God really form
the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.</q>
<qau>S. Miller.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal
of inconsistency; harmony.</def>

<q>A clear and easy <qex>reconciliation</qex> of those seeming
inconsistencies of Scripture.</q>
<qau>D. Rogers.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Reconciliment; reunion; pacification; appeasement;
propitiation; atonement; expiation.</syn>

<hw>Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-s?l"?*?*t?*r?)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving or tending to reconcile.</def>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Re*con`den*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?n`d?n*s?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of recondensing.</def>

<hw>Re`con*dense"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*d?ns")</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos><def>To condense again.</def>

<hw>Rec"on*dite</hw> <pr>(r?k"?n*d?t <or/ r?*k?n"d?t;277)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reconditus</ets>, p. p. of
<ets>recondere</ets> to put up again, to lay up, to conceal;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>condere</ets> to bring or lay
together. See <er>Abscond</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hidden
from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; <as>as,
<ex>recondite</ex> causes of things</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching;
<as>as, <ex>recondite</ex> studies</as>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Recondite</xex> learning.\'b8

<au>Bp. Horsley.</au>

<hw>Re*con"di*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?k?n"d?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>reconditorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A repository; a
storehouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Ash.</au>

<hw>Re`con*duct"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*d?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To conduct back or again.</def> \'bdA guide to
<xex>reconduct</xex> thy steps.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Re`con*firm"</hw> <pr>(-f?rm")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>confirm</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>reconfirmer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To confirm anew.</def>

<au>Clarendon.</au>

<hw>Re`con*fort"</hw> <pr>(-f?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82conforter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To recomfort; to
comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re`con*join"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*join")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To join or conjoin anew.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*con"nois*sance</hw>, <hw>Re*con"nais*sance</hw> 
}</mhw> <pr>(r?-k?n"n?s-s?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of reconnoitering;
preliminary examination or survey.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An examination or survey of
a region in reference to its general geological character</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An examination of a region
as to its general natural features, preparatory to a more
particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of
determining the location of a public work</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An examination of a territory, or of an
enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining information
necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory
expedition.</def>

<cs><col>Reconnoissance in force</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a
demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the
purpose of discovering the position and strength of an
enemy.</cd></cs>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rec`on*noi"ter</hw>, <hw>Rec`on*noi"tre</hw>  }</mhw>
<pr>(r?k`?n*noi"t?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. 
<ets>reconnoitre</ets>, a former spelling of
<ets>reconna\'8ctre</ets>. See <er>Recognize</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To examine with the eye to make a preliminary
examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military
or engineering operations.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To recognize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir H. Walpole.</au>

<hw>Re*con"quer</hw> <pr>(r?*k?n"k?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets>  + <ets>conquer</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>reconqu\'82rir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To conquer again; to
recover by conquest; <as>as, to <ex>reconquer</ex> a revolted
province</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*con"quest</hw> <pr>(-kw?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
second conquest.</def>

<hw>Re*con"se*crate</hw> <pr>(-k?n"s?*kr?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To consecrate anew or again.</def>

<hw>Re*con`se*cra"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Renewed
consecration.</def>

<hw>Re`con*sid"er</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*s?d"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To consider again; <as>as, to
<ex>reconsider</ex> a subject</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>To take up
for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been
previously acted upon.</def>

<hw>Re`con*sid`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of reconsidering, or the state of being
reconsidered; <as>as, the <ex>reconsideration</ex> of a vote in a
legislative body</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*con"so*late</hw> <pr>(r?*k?n"s?*l?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To console or comfort again.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<hw>Re`con*sol"i*date</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*s?l"?*d?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To consolidate anew or again.</def>

<hw>Re`con*sol`i*da"tion</hw> <pr>(-d?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being
reconsolidated.</def>

<hw>Re`con*struct"</hw> <pr>(-str?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or
anew.</def>

<q>Regiments had been dissolved and <qex>reconstructed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Re`con*struc"tion</hw> <pr>(-str?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of constructing again; the state of
being reconstructed.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(U.S. Politics)</fld> <def>The act or process of
reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed
ordinances of secession, and of re\'89stablishing their
constitutional relations to the national government, after the
close of the Civil War.</def>

<hw>Re`con*struct"ive</hw> <pr>(-str?k"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; <as>as, a
<ex>reconstructive</ex> policy</as>.</def>

<hw>Re`con*tin"u*ance</hw> <pr>(-t?n"?*?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act or state of recontinuing.</def>

<hw>Re`con*tin"ue</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To continue anew.</def>

<hw>Re`con*vene"</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*v?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &
i.</pos> <def>To convene or assemble again; to call or come
together again.</def>

<hw>Re`con*ven"tion</hw> <pr>(-v?n"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A cross demand; an action brought by
the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge.</def>

<au>Burrill. Bouvier.</au>

<hw>Re`con*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(-v?r"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A second conversion.</def>

<hw>Re`con*vert"</hw> <pr>(-v?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
convert again.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re*con"vert</hw> <pr>(r?*k?n"v?rt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
person who has been reconverted.</def>

<au>Gladstone.</au>

<hw>Re`con*vert"i*ble</hw> <pr>(r?`k?n*v?rt"?*b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being
reconverted; convertible again to the original form or
condition.</def>

<hw>Re`con*vey"</hw> <pr>(-v?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To convey back or to the former place; <as>as,
to <ex>reconvey</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To transfer back to a former owner; <as>as, to
<ex>reconvey</ex> an estate</as>.</def>

<hw>Re`con*vey"ance</hw> <pr>(-v?"?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Act of reconveying.</def>

<hw>Re*cop"y</hw> <pr>(r?*k?p"?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
copy again.</def>

<hw>Re*cord"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recorded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Recording</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>recorden</ets> to repeat, remind, F. <ets>recorder</ets>,
fr. L. <ets>recordari</ets> to remember; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re-
+ <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, the heart or mind. See
<er>Cordial</er>, <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI it you <xex>record</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To repeat; to recite; to sing or play.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>They longed to see the day, to hear the lark
<qex>Record</qex> her hymns, and chant her carols blest.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To preserve the memory of, by committing to
writing, to printing, to inscription, or the like; to make note
of; to write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose
of preserving authentic evidence of; to register; to enroll;
<as>as, to <ex>record</ex> the proceedings of a court; to
<ex>record</ex> historical events.</as></def>

<q>Those things that are <qex>recorded</qex> of him . . . are
written in the chronicles of the kings.</q>
<qau>1 Esd. i. 42.</qau>

<cs><mcol><col>To record a deed</col>, <col>mortgage</col>,
<col>lease</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., to have a copy of the same
entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the
information of the public.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*cord"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reflect;
to ponder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Praying all the way, and <qex>recording</qex> upon the words
which he before had read.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sing or repeat a tune.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Whether the birds or she <qex>recorded</qex> best.</q>
<qau>W. Browne.</qau>

<hw>Rec"ord</hw> <pr>(r?k"?rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>recort</ets>, <ets>record</ets>, remembrance, attestation,
record. See <er>Record</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A writing by which same act or event, or a number of acts or
events, is recorded; a register; <as>as, a <ex>record</ex> of the
acts of the Hebrew kings; a <ex>record</ex> of the variations of
temperature during a certain time; a family
<ex>record</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An official
contemporaneous writing by which the acts of some public body, or
public officer, are recorded; <as>as, a <ex>record</ex> of city
ordinances; the <ex>records</ex> of the receiver of
taxes</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An authentic official copy of
a document which has been entered in a book, or deposited in the
keeping of some officer designated by law.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the
proceedings of a court of justice; a judicial record.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The various legal papers used in a case,
together with memoranda of the proceedings of the court; <as>as,
it is not permissible to allege facts not in the
<ex>record</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Testimony; witness; attestation.</def>

<q>John bare <qex>record</qex>, saying.</q>
<qau>John i. 32</qau>.

<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of
acts or events; a monument; a memorial.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which has been, or might be, recorded; the
known facts in the course, progress, or duration of anything, as
in the life of a public man; <as>as, a politician with a good or
a bad <ex>record</ex></as>.</def>

<-- p. 1201 -->

<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which has been publicly achieved in any
kind of competitive sport as recorded in some authoritative
manner, as the time made by a winning horse in a race.</def>

<cs><col>Court of record</col> <pr>(<it>pron.<it> r<?/*k<?/rd"
<it>in Eng.<it>)</pr>, <cd>a court whose acts and judicial
proceedings are written on parchment or in books for a perpetual
memorial.</cd> -- <col>Debt of record</col>, <cd>a debt which
appears to be due by the evidence of a court of record, as upon a
judgment or a cognizance.</cd> -- <col>Trial by record</col>,
<cd>a trial which is had when a matter of record is pleaded, and
the opposite party pleads that there is no such record. In this
case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no other
evidence being admissible. <au>Blackstone</au>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>To beat</col>, <or/ <col>break</col>, <col>the
record</col></mcol> <fld>(Sporting)</fld>, <cd>to surpass any
performance of like kind as authoritatively recorded; <as>as,
<ex>to break the record<ex> in a walking match</as>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*cord"ance</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rd"?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Remembrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rec`or*da"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?r*d?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recordatio</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>recordation</ets>.
See <er>Record</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Remembrance;
recollection; also, a record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*cord"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rd"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who records; specifically, a person whose
official duty it is to make a record of writings or
transactions.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The title of the chief judical officer of some
cities and boroughs; also, of the chief justice of an East Indian
settlement. The Recorder of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's
Court, and one of the commissioners of the Central Criminal
Court.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of wind instrument
resembling the flageolet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFlutes
and soft <xex>recorders</xex>.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re*cord"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a
recorder.</def>

<hw>Re*cord"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Keeping a record or a
register; <as>as, a <ex>recording</ex> secretary; -- applied to
numerous instruments with an automatic appliance which makes a
record of their action; <as>as, a <ex>recording</ex> gauge or
telegraph</as>.</def>

<hw>Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion</hw>
<pr>(r?`k?r*p?r`?*f?*k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
investing again with a body; the state of being furnished anew
with a body.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*couch"</hw> <pr>(r?*kouch")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>couch</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>recoucher</ets>.]</ety> <def>To retire again to a couch; to
lie down again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<hw>Re*count"</hw> <pr>(r?*kount")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets>  + <ets>count</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
count or reckon again.</def>

<hw>Re*count"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A counting again, as of
votes.</def>

<hw>Re*count"</hw> <pr>(r?*kount")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>raconter</ets> to relate, to recount; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> again + <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>.) +
<ets>conter</ets> to relate. See <er>Count</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>To tell over; to relate in detail; to
recite; to tell or narrate the particulars of; to rehearse; to
enumerate; <as>as, to <ex>recount</ex> one's
blessings</as>.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<q>To all his angels, who, with true applause,
<qex>Recount</qex> his praises.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*count`ment</hw> <pr>(-m?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*coup"</hw>, <hw>Re*coupe"</hw>  }</mhw>
<pr>(-k??p")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>recouper</ets>;
pref.  <ets>re-</ets>  re- + <ets>couper</ets> to cut.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To keep back rightfully (a
part), as if by cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take
off (a part) from damages; to deduct; <as>as, where a landlord
<ex>recouped</ex> the rent of premises from damages awarded to
the plaintiff for eviction</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To get an equivalent or compensation for;
<as>as, to <ex>recoup</ex> money lost at the gaming table; to
<ex>recoup</ex> one's losses in the share market</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used
reflexively and in the passive.</def>

<q>Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might
<qex>recoup</qex> herself at Philip's cost.</q>
<qau>Froude.</qau>

<q>Industry is sometimes <qex>recouped</qex> for a small price by
extensive custom.</q>
<qau>Duke of Argyll.</qau>

<hw>Re*coup"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k??p"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who recoups.</def>

<au>Story.</au>

<hw>Re*coup"ment</hw> <pr>(-m?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of recouping.</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>Recoupment</xex> applies to equities growing
out of the very affair from which thw principal demand arises,
<xex>set-off</xex> to cross-demands which may be independent in
origin.</note>

<au>Abbott.</au>

<hw>Re*course"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rs")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>recours</ets>, L. <ets>recursus</ets> a running back,
return, fr. <ets>recurrere</ets>, <ets>recursum</ets>, to run
back. See <er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A coursing
back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous coursing;
renewed course; return; retreat; recurence.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSwift <xex>recourse</xex> of flushing
blood.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>Unto my first I will have my <qex>recourse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or
the <qex>recourse thereof in the valetudinary</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or
the like; access or application for aid; resort.</def>

<q>Thus died this great peer, in a time of great
<qex>recourse</qex> unto him and dependence upon him.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>

<q>Our last <qex>recourse</qex> is therefore to our art.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Access; admittance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Give me <qex>recourse</qex> to him.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<cs><col>Without recourse</col> <fld>(Commerce)</fld>, <cd>words
sometimes added to the indorsement of a negotiable instrument to
protect the indorser from liability to the indorsee and
subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*course"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return;
to recur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The flame departing and <qex>recoursing</qex>.</q>
<qau>Foxe.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have recourse; to resort.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>

<hw>Re*course"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
recurring flow and ebb; moving alternately.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> +  <ets>cover</ets>: cf. F. 
<ets>recouvrir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cover again.</def>

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recovered</er>
<pr>(-?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Recovering</er>.
]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>recoveren</ets>, OF.
<ets>recovrer</ets>, F. <ets>recouvrer</ets>, from L.
<ets>recuperare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>  re + a word of
unknown origin. Cf.<er>Recuperate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To get or obtain again; to get renewed
possession of; to win back; to regain.</def>

<q>David <qex>recovered</qex> all that the Amalekites had carried
away.</q>
<qau>1. Sam. xxx. 18.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make good by reparation; to make up for; to
retrieve; to repair the loss or injury of; <as>as, to
<ex>recover</ex> lost time</as>.</def> \'bdLoss of catel may
<xex>recovered</xex> be.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and
<qex>recover</qex>.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To restore from sickness, faintness, or the
like; to bring back to life or health; to cure; to heal.</def>

<q>The wine in my bottle will <qex>recover</qex> him.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state
of mind or body.</def>

<q>I do hope to <qex>recover</qex> my late hurt.</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>

<q>When I had <qex>recovered</qex> a little my first
surprise.</q>
<qau>De Foe.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To rescue; to deliver.</def>

<q>That they may <qex>recover</qex> themselves out of the snare
of the devil, who are taken captive by him.</q>
<qau>2. Tim. ii. 26.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to
reach; to come to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>The forest is not three leagues off;
If we <qex>recover</qex> that, we're sure enough.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Except he could <qex>recover</qex> one of the Cities of Refuge
he was to die.</q>
<qau>Hales.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To gain as a compensation; to
obtain in return for injury or debt; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex>
damages in trespass; to <xex>recover</xex> debt and costs in a
suit at law; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law;
<as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> lands in ejectment or common
recovery</as></as>; to gain by legal process; <as>as, to
<ex>recover</ex> judgement against a defendant</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Recover arms</col> <fld>(Mil. Drill)</fld>, <cd>a
command whereby the piece is brought from the position of
\'bdaim\'b8 to that of \'bdready.\'b8</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit;
heal; cure.</syn>

<hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To regain health after sickness; to grow well;
to be restored or cured; hence, to regain a former state or
condition after misfortune, alarm, etc.; -- often followed by
<xex>of</xex> or <xex>from</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex>
from a state of poverty; to <ex>recover</ex> from
fright.</as></def>

<q>Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall
<qex>recover</qex> of this disease.</q>
<qau>2 Kings i. 2.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make one's way; to come; to arrive.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>With much ado the Christians <qex>recovered</qex> to
Antioch.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To obtain a judgement; to
succeed in a lawsuit; <as>as, the plaintiff has
<ex>recovered</ex> in his suit</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*cov"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Recovery.</def>

<au>Sir T. Malory.</au>

<hw>Re*cov"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recouvrable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being
recovered or regained; capable of being brought back to a former
condition, as from sickness, misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a
debtor or possessor; <as>as, the debt is <ex>recoverable</ex>;
goods lost or sunk in the ocean are not
<ex>recoverable</ex>.</as></def>

<q>A prodigal course
Is like the sun's; but not, like his, <qex>recoverable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>If I am <qex>recoverable</qex>, why am I thus?</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re cov"er*ance</hw> <pr>(<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*cov`er*ee"</hw> <pr>(-?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person against whom a judgment is
obtained in common recovery.</def>

<hw>Re*cov"er*er</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r*?r)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><def>One who recovers.</def>

<hw>Re*cov`er*or"</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The demandant in a common recovery after
judgment.</def>

<au>Wharton.</au>

<hw>Re*cov"er*y</hw> <pr>(r?*k?v"?r*?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking
possession.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness,
or the like; restoration from a condition of mistortune, of
fright, etc.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The obtaining in a suit at law
of a right to something by a verdict and judgment of court.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The getting, or gaining, of something not
previously had.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHelp be past
<xex>recovery</xex>.\'b8

<au>Tusser.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>In rowing, the act of regaining the proper
position for making a new stroke.</def>

<cs><col>Common recovery</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a species of
common assurance or mode of conveying lands by matter of record,
through the forms of an action at law, formerly in frequent use,
but now abolished or obsolete, both in England and
America.</cd></cs>

<au>Burrill. Warren.</au>

<hw>Rec"re*ance</hw> <pr>(r?k"r?*?ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recreancy.</def>

<hw>Rec"re*an*cy</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being recreant.</def>

<hw>Rec"re*ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[OF., cowardly, fr. <ets>recroire</ets>,
<ets>recreire</ets>, to forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard
as conquered, LL. <ets>recredere se</ets> to declare one's self
conquered in combat; hence, those are called <ets>recrediti</ets>
or <ets>recreanti</ets> who are considered infamous; L. pref.
<ets>re-</ets> again, back + <ets>credere</ets> to believe, to be
of opinion; hence, originally, to disavow one's opinion. See
<er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Crying for mercy, as a
combatant in the trial by battle; yielding; cowardly;
mean-spirited; craven.</def> \'bdThis <xex>recreant</xex>
knight.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apostate; false; unfaithful.</def>

<q>Who, for so many benefits received,
Turned <qex>recreant</qex> to God, ingrate and false.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Rec"re*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who yields in combat,
and begs for mercy; a mean-spirited, cowardly wretch.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<q>You are all <qex>recreants</qex> and dastards!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re`-cre*ate"</hw> <pr>(r?`kr?*?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>create</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
create or form anew.</def>

<q>On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of re\'89nforcing, it
was necessary to <qex>re-create</qex>, the army.</q>
<qau>Marshall.</qau>

<hw>Rec"re*ate</hw> <pr>(rk"r*t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recreated</er>
<pr>(-`td)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Recreating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>recreatus</ets>,
p. p. of <ets>recreate</ets> to create anew, to refresh; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>creare</ets> to create. See
<er>Create</er>.]</ety> <def>To give fresh life to; to reanimate;
to revive; especially, to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety;
to relieve; to cheer; to divert; to amuse; to gratify.</def>

<q>Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them
colors mixed with blue and green, to <qex>recreate</qex> their
eyes, white wearying . . . the sight more than any.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>St. John, who <qex>recreated</qex> himself with sporting with
a tame partridge.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<q>These ripe fruits <qex>recreate</qex> the nostrils with their
aromatic scent.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>

<hw>Rec"re*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take
recreation.</def>

<au>L. Addison.</au>

<hw>Rec"re*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82cr\'82ation</ets>, L. <ets>recreatio</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of recreating, or the state of being recreated;
refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil; amusement;
diversion; sport; pastime.</def>

<hw>Re`*cre*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`kr?*?sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Re-create</er>.]</ety> <def>A forming anew; a new
creation or formation.</def>

<hw>Re`-cre*a"tive</hw> <pr>(-?`t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Creating anew; <as>as, <ex>re-creative</ex>
power</as>.</def>

<hw>Rec"re*a`tive</hw> <pr>(r?k"r?*?`t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82cr<?/atif</ets>. See
<er>Recreate</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to recreate or refresh;
recreating; giving new vigor or animation; reinvigorating; giving
relief after labor or pain; amusing; diverting.</def>

<q>Let the music of them be <qex>recreative</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

--- <wordforms><wf>Rec"re*a`tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rec"re*a`tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rec"re*ment</hw> <pr>(r?k"r?*m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recrementum</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cernere</ets>, <ets>cretum</ets>, to
separate, sift: cf. F. <ets>r\'82cr\'82ment</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Superfluous matter separated from that which is
useful; dross; scoria; <as>as, the <ex>recrement</ex> of
ore</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Excrement.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A substance secreted from
the blood and again absorbed by it.</def>

<hw>Rec`re*men"tal</hw> <pr>(-m?n"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Recrementitious.</def>

<hw>Rec`re*men*ti"tial</hw> <pr>(-m?n*t?sh"<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82cr\'82mentitiel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of
the nature of a recrement. See <er>Recrement</er>,<er>2</er>
<sd>(b)</sd>.</def> \'bd<xex>Recrementitial</xex> fluids.\'b8

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<hw>Rec`re*men*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(-t?sh"?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to recrement; consisting of recrement or
dross.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*crim"i*nate</hw> <pr>(r?*kr?m"?*n?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
i.</pos> <ety>[Pref.  <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>criminate</ets>: cf.
F. <ets>r\'82criminer</ets> ,LL. <ets>recriminare</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To return one charge or accusation with another; to
chargeback fault or crime upon an accuser.</def>

<q>It is not my business to <qex>recriminate</qex>, hoping
sufficiently to<?/ clear myself in this matter.</q>
<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>

<hw>Re*crim"i*nate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To accuse in
return.</def>

<au>South.</au>

<hw>Re*crim`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82crimination</ets>, LL.
<ets>recriminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recriminating; an
accusation brought by the accused against the accuser; a counter
accusation.</def>

<q>Accusations and <qex>recriminations</qex> passed back ward and
forward between the contending parties.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Re*crim"i*na*tive</hw> <pr>(-n?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Recriminatory.</def>

<hw>Re*crim"i*na`tor</hw> <pr>(-n?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who recriminates.</def>

<hw>Re*crim"i*na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-n?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82criminatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the
quality of recrimination; retorting accusation;
recriminating.</def>

<hw>Re*cross"</hw> <pr>(r?*kr?s";115)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To cross a second time.</def>

<hw>Re*cru"den*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*kr?"d<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Recrudescence.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re`cru*des"cence</hw>
<pr>(r?`kr?*d?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <hw>Re`cru*des`cen*cy</hw>
<pr>(-d?s"s<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>recrudescence</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or condition of being
recrudescent.</def>

<q><qex>A recrudescence</qex> of barbarism may condemn it [land]
to chronic poverty and waste.</q>
<qau>Duke of Argyll.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Increased severity of a
disease after temporary remission.</def>

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<hw>Re`cru*des"cent</hw> <pr>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recrudescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>recrudescere</ets> to become raw again; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>crudescere</ets> to become hard or raw: cf. F.
<ets>recrudescent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Growing raw,
sore, or painful again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Breaking out again after temporary abatement or
supression; <as>as, a <ex>recrudescent</ex> epidemic</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*cruit"</hw> <pr>(r?*kr?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recruited</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Recruiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>recruter</ets>, corrupted (under influence of
<ets>recrue</ets> recruiting, recruit, from
<ets>recro<?/tre</ets>, p.p. <ets>recr<?/</ets>, to grow again)
from an older <ets>recluter</ets>, properly, to patch, to mend (a
garment); pref. <ets>re-</ets> + OF. <ets>clut</ets> piece, piece
of cloth; cf. Icel. <ets>kl<?/t<?/</ets> kerchief, E.
<ets>clout</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To repair by fresh
supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or deficiency in;
<as>as, food <ex>recruits</ex> the flesh; fresh air and exercise
<ex>recruit</ex> the spirits.</as></def>

<q>Her cheeks glow the brighter, <qex>recruiting</qex> their
color.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew
in strength or health; to reinvigorate.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up
or make up by enlistment; <as>as, he <ex>recruited</ex> two
regiments; the army was <ex>recruited</ex> for a campaign</as>;
also, to muster; to enlist; <as>as, he <ex>recruited</ex> fifty
men</as>.</def>

<au>M. Arnold.</au>

<hw>Re*cruit"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gain new
supplies of anything wasted; to gain health, flesh, spirits, or
the like; to recuperate; <as>as, lean cattle <ex>recruit</ex> in
fresh pastures</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gain new supplies of men for military or
other service; to raise or enlist new soldiers; to enlist
troops.</def>

<hw>Re*cruit"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A supply of
anything wasted or exhausted; a re\'89nforcement.</def>

<q>The state is to have <qex>recruits</qex> to its strength, and
remedies to its distempers.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the
army; a newly enlisted soldier.</def>

<hw>Re*cruit"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,
recruits.</def>

<hw>Re*cruit"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act or process of recruiting; especially, the enlistment
of men for an army.</def>

<hw>Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion</hw>
<pr>(r?*kr?s`t<it>a</it>l?*z?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem. & Min.)</fld> <def>The process or
recrystallizing.</def>

<hw>Re*crys"tal*lize</hw> <pr>(r?*kr?s"t<it>a</it>l*l?z)</pr>,
<pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <fld>(Chem. & Min.)</fld> <def>To
crystallize again.</def>

<au>Henry.</au>

<hw>Rec"tal</hw> <pr>(r?k"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the
region of the rectum.</def>

<hw>Rec"tan`gle</hw> <pr>(r?k"t??`g'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F., fr. L.  <ets>rectus</ets> right + <ets>angulus</ets>
angle. See <er>Right</er>, and <er>Angle</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A four-sided figure having only right
angles; a right-angled parallelogram.</def>

<note><hand/ As the area of a <xex>rectangle</xex> is expressed
by the product of its two dimensions, the term
<xex>rectangle</xex> is sometimes used for <xex>product</xex>;
as, the <xex>rectangle</xex> of <xex>a</xex> and <xex>b</xex>,
that is, <xex>ab</xex>.</note>

<hw>Rec"tan`gle</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rectangular.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rec"tan`gled</hw> <pr>(-g'ld)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rectangular.</def>

<au>Hutton.</au>

<hw>Rec*tan"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(r?k*t?n"g?*l?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[CF. F. <ets>rectangulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Right-angled;
having one or more angles of ninety degrees.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly</wf>
<pr>(r<?/k*t<?/n"g<?/*l<?/r*l<?/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-l?r"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or condition of being rectangular, or
right-angled.</def>

<hw>Rec"ti-</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>rectus</ets>
straight.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying
<xex>straight</xex>; <as>as, <ex>recti</ex>lineal, having
straight lines; <ex>recti</ex>nerved</as>.</def>

<hw>Rec"ti*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*f?`?*b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being rectified;
<as>as, a <ex>rectifiable</ex> mistake</as>.</def>

<-- p. 1202 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Admitting, as a curve, of the
construction of a straight l<?/<?/e equal in length to any
definite portion of the curve.</def>

<hw>Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`t?*f?*k?1sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rectification</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or operation of rectifying; <as>as, the
<ex>rectification</ex> of an error; the <ex>rectification</ex> of
spirits.</as></def>

<q>After the <qex>rectification</qex> of his views, he was
incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of error.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The determination of a
straight line whose length is equal a portion of a curve.</def>

<cs><col>Rectification of a globe</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>,
<cd>its adjustment preparatory to the solution of a proposed
problem.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*f?*k?`t?r)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which rectifies or
refines; esp., a part of a distilling apparatus in which the more
volatile portions are separated from the less volatile by the
process of evaporation and condensation; a rectifier.</def>

<hw>Rec"ti*fi`er</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*f?`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, rectifies.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> An
instrument used for determining and rectifying the variations of
the compass on board ship. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> A
rectificator.</def><-- (Elec.) A device to convert alternating
current to direct current. -->

<hw>Rec"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rectified</er>
<pr>(-f?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rectifying</er>
<pr>(-f?`?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rectifier</ets>,
LL. <ets>rectificare</ets>; L. <ets>rectus</ets> right +
<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Right</er>, and
<er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make or set right; to
correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; to amend;
<as>as, to <ex>rectify</ex> errors, mistakes, or abuses; to
<ex>rectify</ex> the will, the judgment, opinions; to
<ex>rectify</ex> disorders.</as></def>

<q>I meant to <qex>rectify</qex> my conscience.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would
have <qex>rectified</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To refine or purify by
repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine parts of
a substance are separated from the grosser; <as>as, to
<ex>rectify</ex> spirit of wine</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To produce ( as factitious gin
or brandy) by redistilling low wines or ardent spirits (whisky,
rum, etc.), flavoring substances, etc., being added.</def>

<-- (Elec.) To convert (alternating current) to direct current.
-->

<cs><col>To rectify a globe</col>, <cd>to adjust it in order to
prepare for the solution of a proposed problem.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform;
redress; adjust; regulate; improve. See <er>Amend</er>.</syn>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*al</hw> <pr>(-l?n"?*<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*ar</hw> <pr>(-l?n"?*?r)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> +  <ets>lineal</ets>,
<ets>linear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Straight; consisting of a straight
line or lines; bounded by straight lines; <as>as, a
<ex>rectineal</ex> angle; a <ex>rectilinear</ex> figure or
course.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?r"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being rectilinear.</def>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rectilinear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Ray.</au>

<hw>Rec"ti*nerved`</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*n?rrvd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> + <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the veins or nerves straight; --
said of leaves.</def>

<hw>Rec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rectio</ets>, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to rule or
govern.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>See <er>Government</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 7.</def>

<au>Gibbs.</au>

<hw>Rec`ti*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(r?k`t?*r?s"tr<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> + 
<ets>rostral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a
straight beak.</def>

<hw>Rec`ti*se"ri*al</hw> <pr>(-s?"r?*<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> + 
<ets>serial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in
exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of many kinds; --
opposed to <xex>curviserial</xex>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rec*ti"tis</hw> <pr>(r?k*t?"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Rectum</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Proctitis.</def>

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<hw>Rec"ti*tude</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*t?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>rectitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>rectus</ets> right,
straight: cf. F. <ets>rectitude</ets>. See <er>Right</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Straightness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rightness of principle or practice; exact
conformity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral
conduct, either by divine or human laws; uprightness of mind;
uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Right judgment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sir G. C. Lewis.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Justice</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rec"to-</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?*)</pr>. <def>A combining form
indicating <xex>connection with</xex>, or <xex>relation to</xex>,
<xex>the rectum</xex>; <as>as, <ex>recto</ex>-vesical</as>.</def>

<hw>Rec"to</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de
<ets>recto</ets>. See <er>Right</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>A writ of right.</def>

<hw>Rec"to</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>recto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The right-hand
page; -- opposed to <xex>verso</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rec"tor</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>regere</ets>, <ets>rectum</ets>, to lead straight, to rule:
cf. F. <ets>recteur</ets>. See <er>Regiment</er>,
<er>Right</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A ruler or governor.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>God is the supreme <qex>rector</qex> of the world.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>A
clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the
tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the tithes are not
impropriate. See the Note under Vicar.</def> <au>Blackstone</au>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld> <def>A clergyman in
charge of a parish.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The head master of a public school.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The chief elective officer of some universities,
as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college;
<as>as, the <ex>Rector</ex> of Exeter College, or of Lincoln
College, at Oxford</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(R.C.CH.)</fld> <def>The superior officer or
chief of a convent or religious house; and among the Jesuits the
superior of a house that is a seminary or college.</def>

<hw>Rec"tor*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[CF. F. <ets>rectoral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a
rector or governor.</def>

<hw>Rec"tor*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>rectoratus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rectorat</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The office, rank, or station of a rector; rectorship.</def>

<hw>Rec"tor*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A governess;
a rectrix.</def>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The wife of a rector.</def>

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<hw>Rec*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(r?k*t?"r?*<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos><def>Pertaining to a rector or a rectory;
rectoral.</def>

<au>Shipley.</au>

<hw>Rec"tor*ship</hw> <pr>(r?k"t?r*sh?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Government; guidance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdThe <xex>rectorship</xex> of judgment.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The office or rank of a rector; rectorate.</def>

<hw>Rec"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rectories</plw> <pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>rectorie</ets> or <ets>rectorerie</ets>, LL.
<ets>rectoria</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The province of a
rector; a parish church, parsonage, or spiritual living, with all
its rights, tithes, and glebes.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rector's mansion; a parsonage house.</def>

<hw>Rec`to-u"ter*ine</hw> <pr>(-?"t?r*?n or *?n)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the uterus.</def>

<hw>Rec`to*vag"i*nal</hw> <pr>(r?k`t?*v?j"?*n<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the vagina.</def>

<hw>Rec`to-ves"i*cal</hw> <pr>(-v?s"?*k<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the bladder.</def>

<hw>Rec"tress</hw> <pr>(r?k"tr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rectoress.</def>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>\'d8Rec"trix</hw> <pr>(-tr?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rectrices</plw> <pr>(-tr<?/"s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.,
fem. of <ets>rector</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A governess; a
rectoress.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the quill feathers
of the tail of a bird.</def>

<hw>Rec"tum</hw> <pr>(-t?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. (sc.
<ets>intestinum</ets>), fr. L. <ets>rectus</ets> straight. See
<er>Right</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The terminal part
of the large intestine; -- so named because supposed by the old
anatomists to be straight. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Digestive</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rec"tus</hw> <pr>(-t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Recti</plw> <pr>(-t<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. L.
<ets>regere</ets> to keep straight.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>A straight muscle; <as>as, the <ex>recti</ex> of the
eye</as>.</def>

<hw>Rec`u*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?*b?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recubare</ets> to lie upon the back.]</ety>
<def>Recumbence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*cule"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?l")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*cule"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?l")</pr>,
<hw>Re*cule"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reculement</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*cumb"</hw> <pr>(-k?m")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recumbere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> back +
<ets>cumbere</ets> (in comp.), akin to <ets>cubare</ets> to lie
down.]</ety> <def>To lean; to recline; to repose.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>J. Allen (1761).</au>

<hw>Re*cum"bence</hw> <pr>(r?*k?m"b<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of leaning, resting, or reclining; the
state of being recumbent.</def>

<hw>Re*cum"ben*cy</hw> <pr>(-b<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recumbence.</def>

<hw>Re*cum"bent</hw> <pr>(-b<it>e</it>t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recumbens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>recumbere</ets>. See <er>Recumb</er>,
<er>Incumbent</er>.]</ety> <def>Leaning; reclining; lying;
<as>as, the <ex>recumbent</ex> posture of the Romans at their
meals</as>. Hence, figuratively; Resting; inactive; idle.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Re*cum"bent*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*cu"per*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*k?"p?r*?*b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r\'82cup<?/rable</ets>. See
<er>Recover</er>.]</ety> <def>Recoverable.</def>

<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>

<hw>Re*cu"per*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. &. p. p.</pos> <er>Recuperated</er>
<pr>(-?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Recuperating</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[L.<ets>recuperatus</ets>,p.p. of <ets>recuperare</ets>. See
<er>Recover</er> to get again.]</ety> <def>To recover health; to
regain strength; to convalesce.</def>

<hw>Re*cu"per*ate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To recover; to
regain; <as>as, to <ex>recuperate</ex> the health or
strength</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*cu`per*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?`sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n..</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recuperatio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82cup<?/ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recovery, as of
anything lost, especially of the health or strength.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*cu"per*a*tive</hw> <pr>(-?*t?v)</pr>,
<hw>Re*cu"per*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*t?*r?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recuperativus</ets>,
<ets>recuperatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
recuperation; tending to recovery.</def>

<hw>Re*cu"per*a`tor</hw> <pr>(r?*k?"pp?r*?`t?r)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>recuperator</ets> a
recoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Steel Manuf.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Regenerator</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*cur"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Recurred</er>
<pr>(-k?rd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Recurring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>recurrere</ets>;
pref.<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See
<er>Current</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come back; to return
again or repeatedly; to come again to mind.</def>

<q>When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea
will <qex>recur</qex> in the mind when the word is heard.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To occur at a stated interval, or according to
some regular rule; <as>as, the fever will <ex>recur</ex>
to-night</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To resort; to have recourse; to go for
help.</def>

<q>If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they
<qex>recur</qex> to the \'bdpunctum stans\'b8 of the schools,
they will thereby very little help us to a more positive idea of
infinite duration.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<cs><col>Recurring decimal</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a
circulating decimal. See under <er>Decimal</er>.</cd> --
<col>Recurring series</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an algebraic
series in which the coefficients of the several terms can be
expressed by means of certain preceding coefficients and
constants in one uniform manner.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*cure"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Recover</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To arrive at; to reach;
to attain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Lydgate.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To recover; to regain; to repossess.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>When their powers, impaired through labor long,
With due repast, they had <qex>recured</qex> well.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the
like; to repair.</def>

<q>In western waves his weary wagon did <qex>recure</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be a cure for; to remedy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>No medicine
Might avail his sickness to <qex>recure</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lydgate.</qau>

<hw>Re*cure"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cure; remedy;
recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>But whom he hite, without <qex>recure</qex> he dies.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>

<hw>Re*cure"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable of
cure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*cur"rence</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r"r<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*cur"ren*cy</hw> <pr>(-r<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82currence</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return;
resort; recourse.</def>

<q>I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent
<qex>recurrence</qex> to the dangerous preparations.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<hw>Re*cur"rent</hw> <pr>(-r<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recurrens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>recurrere</ets>: cf.F. <ets>r\'82current</ets>. See
<er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Returning from time to
time; recurring; <as>as, <ex>recurrent</ex> pains</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Running back toward its
origin; <as>as, a <ex>recurrent</ex> nerve or artery</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Recurrent fever</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Relapsing fever</cref>, under <er>Relapsing</er>.</cd> --
<col>Recurrent pulse</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the pulse
beat which appears (when the radial artery is compressed at the
wrist) on the distal side of the point of pressure through the
arteries of the palm of the hand.</cd> -- <col>Recurrent
sensibility</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the sensibility
manifested by the anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal cord
(their stimulation causing pain) owing to the presence of sensory
fibers from the corresponding sensory or posterior
roots.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*cur"sant</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r"s<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recursans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>,
p. pr. of <ets>recursare</ets> to run back, v. freq. of
<ets>recurrere</ets>. See <er>Recure</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Displayed with the back toward the
spectator; -- said especially of an eagle.</def>

<hw>Re*cur"sion</hw> <pr>(-sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recursio</ets>. See <er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of
recurring; return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<-- (Math.) The calculation of a mathematical expression (or a
quantity) by repeating an operation on another expression which
was derived by application of the same operation, on an
expression which itself was the result of similar repeated
applications of that same operation on prior results.  The series
of operations is terminated by specifying an initial or terminal
condition.

  (Computers) A programming technique in which a function calls
itself as a subfunction.  Such calls may be repeated in series to
arbitrary depth, provided that a terminating condition is given
so that the final (deepest) call will return a value (rather than
continue to recurse), which then permits the next higher call to
return a value, and so forth, until the original call returns a
value to the calling program. -->

<hw>Re*cur"vate</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r"v?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recurvatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recurvare</ets>.
See <er>Re-</er>, and <er>Curvate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Recurved.</def>

<hw>Re*cur"vate</hw> <pr>(-v?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
bend or curve back; to recurve.</def>

<au>Pennant.</au>

<hw>Re`cur*va"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`k?r*v?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of recurving, or the state of being recurved; a
bending or flexure backward.</def>

<hw>Re*curve"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rv")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
curve in an opposite or unusual direction; to bend back or
down.</def>

<hw>Re*curved"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?rvd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Curved in an opposite or uncommon direction; bent back;
<as>as, a bird with a <ex>recurved</ex> bill; flowers with
<ex>recurved</ex> petals.</as></def>

<hw>Re*cur`vi*ros"ter</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r`v?*r?s"t?r)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>recurvus</ets> bent back +
<ets>rostrum</ets> beack; cf. F.
<ets>r\'82curvirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A
bird whose beak bends upward, as the avocet.</def>

<hw>Re*cur`vi*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(-tr<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Recurviroster</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the beak bent upwards.</def>

<hw>Re*cur"vi*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*k?r"v?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recurvation.</def>

<hw>Re*cur"vous</hw> <pr>(-v?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>recurvus</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>curvus</ets>
curved.]</ety> <def>Recurved.</def>

<au>Derham.</au>

<hw>Re*cu"san*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*k?"z<it>a</it>n*s? <or/
r?k"?-)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being recusant;
nonconformity.</def>

<au>Coke.</au>

<hw>Re*cu"sant</hw> <pr>(-z<it>a</it>t; 277)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos><ety>[L. <ets>recusans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>,
p.pr. of <ets>recure</ets> to refuse, to oject to; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>causa</ets> a cause, pretext: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82cusant</ets>. See <er>Cause</er>, and cf.
<er>Ruse</er>.]</ety> <def>Obstinate in refusal; specifically, in
English history, refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the
king in the churc, or to conform to the established rites of the
church; <as>as, a <ex>recusant</ex> lord</as>.</def>

<q>It stated him to have placed his son in the household of the
Countess of Derby, a <qex>recusant</qex> papist.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Re*cu"sant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is
obstinate in refusal; one standing out stubbornly against general
practice or opinion.</def>

<q>The last rebellious <qex>recusants</qex> among the European
family of nations.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A person who refuses to
acknowledge the supremacy of the king in matters of religion;
<as>as, a Roman Catholic <ex>recusant</ex>, who acknowledges the
supremacy of the pope</as>.</def>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who refuses communion with the Church of
England; a nonconformist.</def>

<q>All that are <qex>recusants</qex> of holy rites.</q>
<qau>Holyday.</qau>

<hw>Re`u*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`?*z?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recusatio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82cusation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Refusal.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act of refusing a judge
or challenging that he shall not try the cause, on account of his
supposed partiality.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re*cu"sa*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*k?"z?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Refusing; denying; negative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<hw>Re*cuse"</hw> <pr>(r?*k?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82cuser</ets>, or L. <ets>recusare</ets>. See
<er>Recusant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To refuse or
reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge shall not try the
cause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>

<hw>Re*cus"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*k?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>recutire</ets>, <ets>recussum</ets>, to beat back;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>quatere</ets> to shake.]</ety>
<def>The act of beating or striking back.</def>

<hw>Red</hw> <pr>(r?d)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>. imp. &
p. p.</pos> of <er>Read</er>.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Red</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put on order; to make
tidy; also, to free from entanglement or embarrassement; --
generally with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>red</ex> up a
house</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Red</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Redder</er> <pr>(-d?r)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Reddest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>red</ets>,
<ets>reed</ets>, AS. <ets>re<?/d</ets>, <ets>re<?/d</ets>; akin
to OS. <ets>r<?/d</ets>, OFries, <ets>r<?/d</ets>, D.
<ets>rood</ets>, G. <ets>roht</ets>, <ets>rot</ets>, OHG.
<ets>r<?/t</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>r<?/d</ets>, Icel.
<ets>rau<?/r</ets>, <ets>rj<?/<?/r</ets>, Goth.
<ets>r<?/uds</ets>, W. <ets>rhudd</ets>, Armor. <ets>ruz</ets>,
Ir. & Gael. <ets>ruadh</ets>, L. <ets>ruber</ets>,
<ets>rufus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/</ets>, Skr.
<ets>rudhira</ets>, <ets>rohita</ets>; cf. L. <ets>rutilus</ets>.
<root/113. Cr. <er>Erysipelas</er>, <er>Rouge</er>,
<er>Rubric</er>, <er>Ruby</er>, <er>Ruddy</er>, <er>Russet</er>,
<er>Rust</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the color of blood, or of a tint
resembling that color; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or
of the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet
part.</def> \'bdFresh flowers, white and <xex>reede</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Your color, I warrant you, is as <qex>red</qex> as any
rose.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<note><hand/ <xex>Red</xex> is a general term, including many
different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange
red, and the like.</note>

<note><hand/ <xex>Red</xex> is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>red</xex>-breasted,
<xex>red</xex>-cheeked, <xex>red</xex>-faced,
<xex>red</xex>-haired, <xex>red</xex>-headed,
<xex>red-</xex>skinned, <xex>red</xex>-tailed,
<xex>red-</xex>topped, <xex>red-</xex>whiskered,
<xex>red</xex>-coasted.</note>

<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful
butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and
America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band.
The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta
butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle
butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant
(<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica
sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the
slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref>
<sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus
pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable
for timber. <au>Cray</au>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd>
-- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea
Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in
the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona
prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula
nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. <au>Gray</au>.</cd> -- <col>Red
blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book
containing the names of all the persons in the service of the
state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the
Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered
the names of all that held lands <xex>per baroniam<xex> in the
time of Henry II. <au>Brande & C.</au></cd> -- <col>Red
brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and
three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man,
and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>,
especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is
bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd>
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under
<er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus
Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela
Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also
<altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> <-- p. 1203 --> --
<col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> --
<col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper;
cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See
<xex>Illusts<xex>. of <er>Coral</er> and
<er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross
of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva
convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under
<er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red
deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common
stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the
American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer.
See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck
(<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous
duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise
shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from
British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable
timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as
the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and
<spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>.
<fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under
<er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is
usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See
under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/
<col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name
given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn>
(<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.)
which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> --
<col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand
appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark
of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
-- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red
herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><--
Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic
issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or
something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red
horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large
American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma
macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>.
<sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and
<er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>.
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red
liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting
essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the
fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because
used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red
mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> --
<col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of
the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> --
<col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple
(<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red
mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red
spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple
color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See
<er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd>
-- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus
resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> --
<col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col>
<fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who
maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a
red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red
ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in
England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>.
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> --
<col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect
(<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange
tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish
black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red
silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd>
-- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish
(<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf
of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red
snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga
(<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of
scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> --
<col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral
softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due
either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red
spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning
mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often
destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in
houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of
the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult
insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red
mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red
tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up
documents, etc.; hence, official formality and
delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red
underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid
moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The
numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The
under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd>
-- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from
an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>

<hw>Red</hw> <pr>(r?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from
violet, or a tint resembling these.</def> \'bdCelestial rosy
<xex>red</xex>, love's proper hue.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A red pigment.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(European Politics)</fld> <def>An abbreviation
for <xex>Red Republican</xex>. See under Red, <pos>a.</pos></def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark>

<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The
menses.</def>

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<-- 5. Informal name for a Communist. -->

<cs><col>English red</col>, <cd>a pigment prepared by the Dutch,
similar to Indian red.</cd> -- <col>Hypericum red</col>, <cd>a
red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum.</cd> --
<col>Indian red</col>. <cd>See under <er>Indian</er>, and
<er>Almagra</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*dact"</hw> <pr>(r?*d?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>redactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>redigere</ets>; pref.
<ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, again, back + <ets>agere</ets>
to put in motion, to drive.]</ety> <def>To reduce to form, as
literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for
publication); to edit.</def>

<hw>\'d8R\'82`dac`teur"</hw>
<pr>(r<asl/`d<adot/k`t<etil/r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Redactor</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*dac"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*d?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82daction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
redacting; work produced by redacting; a digest.</def>

<hw>Re*dac"tor</hw> <pr>(-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
redacts; one who prepares matter for publication; an
editor.</def>

<au>Carlyle.</au>

<hw>Re*dan"</hw> <pr>(r?*d?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., for
OF. <ets>redent</ets> a double notching or jagging, as in the
teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, a tooth. Cf.
<er>Redented</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written sometimes
<asp>redent</asp> and <asp>redens</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work having two parapets whose faces
unite so as to form a salient angle toward the enemy.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven
ground, to keep the parts level.</def>

<hw>Red*ar"gue</hw> <pr>(r?d*?r"g?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Redargued</er>
<pr>(-g?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Redarguing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>redarguere</ets>;
pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>arguere</ets>
to accuse, charge with: cf. F. <ets>r\'82darguer</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To disprove; to refute; toconfute; to reprove; to
convict.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>How shall I . . . suffer that God should <qex>redargue</qex>
me at doomsday, and the angels reproach my lukewarmness?</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<q>Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external
objects has, as far as I know, been <qex>redargued</qex> in three
different ways.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<hw>Red`ar*gu"tion</hw> <pr>(r?d`?r*g?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>redargutio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
redarguing; refutation.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Red`ar*gu"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Red"back`</hw> <pr>(r?d"b?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dunlin.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<hw>Red"bel`ly</hw> <pr>(-b?l`l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The char.</def>

<hw>Red"bird`</hw> <pr>(-b?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cardinal bird.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The summer redbird (<spn>Piranga
rubra</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The scarlet tanager. See
<er>Tanager</er>.</def>

<hw>Red"breast`</hw> <pr>(-br?st`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European
robin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American robin. See
<er>Robin</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The knot, or red-breasted
snipe; -- called also <altname>robin breast</altname>, and
<altname>robin snipe</altname>. See <er>Knot</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long-eared pondfish.
See <er>Pondfish</er>.</def>

<hw>Red"bud`</hw> <pr>(-b?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small ornamental leguminous tree of the
American species of the genus <spn>Cercis</spn>. See <cref>Judas
tree</cref>, under <er>Judas</er>.</def>

<hw>Red"cap`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>
<def>The European goldfinch.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed
to haunt old castles in Scotland.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<au>Jamieson.</au>

<hw>Red"coat`</hw> <pr>(-k<omac/t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who wears a red coat; specifically, a red-coated British
soldier.</def>

<hw>Red"de</hw> <pr>(-de)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. imp.</pos> of
<er>Read</er>, or <er>Rede</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Red"den</hw> <pr>(r?d"d'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reddened</er>
<pr>(-d'nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reddening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Red</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make red or somewhat red; to give a
red color to.</def>

<hw>Red"den</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow or become red; to
blush.</def>

<q>Appius <qex>reddens</qex> at each word you speak.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek
<qex>reddened</qex> than his obstinacy was at once subbued.</q>
<qau>Sir W. SCott.</qau>

<hw>\'d8Red*den"dum</hw> <pr>(r?d*d?n"d?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Neut. of L. <ets>reddendus</ets> that must be given back or
yielded, gerundive of <ets>reddere</ets>. See
<er>Reddition</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A clause in a
deed by which some new thing is reserved out of what had been
granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in a
lease.</def>

<au>Cruise.</au>

<hw>Red"dish</hw> <pr>(r?d"d?sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Somewhat red; moderately <er>red</er>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Red"dish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Red*di"tion</hw> <pr>(r?d*d?sh"?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.  <ets>redditio</ets>, fr. 
<ets>reddere</ets> to give back, to return: cf. F. 
<ets>reddition</ets>. See <er>Render</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Restoration: restitution: surrender.</def>

<au>Howell.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Explanation; representation.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>The <qex>reddition</qex> or application of the comparison.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<hw>Red"di**tive</hw> <pr>(r?d"d?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>redditivus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>
<def>Answering to an interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply;
<as>as, <ex>redditive</ex> words</as>.</def>

<hw>Red"dle</hw> <pr>(r?d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Red</er>; cf. G. <ets>r<?/thel</ets>. Cf.
<er>Ruddle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Red chalk. See
under <er>Chalk</er>.</def>

<hw>Red"dour</hw> <pr>(r?d"d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 
<ets>raideur</ets>, fr. <ets>raide</ets> stiff.]</ety>
<def>Rigor; violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Gower.</au>

<hw>Rede</hw> <pr>(r?d)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Read</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To advise
or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<q>I <qex>rede</qex> that our host here shall begin.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To interpret; to explain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>My sweven [dream] <qex>rede</qex> aright.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rede</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Read</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Advice; counsel;
suggestion.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<au>Burns.</au>

<q>There was none other remedy ne <qex>reed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise
saw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThis <xex>rede</xex> is
rife.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*deem"</hw> <pr>(r?*d?m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Redeemed</er>.
(-d<?/md"); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Redeeming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82dimer</ets>,
L. <ets>redimere</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets> re-
+  <ets>emere</ets>, <ets>emptum</ets>, to buy, originally, to
take, cf. OIr. <ets>em</ets> (in comp.), Lith. <ets>imti</ets>.
Cf. <er>Assume</er>, <er>Consume</er>, <er>Exempt</er>,
<er>Premium</er>, <er>Prompt</er>, <er>Ransom</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To purchase back; to regain possession of by
payment of a stipulated price; to repurchase.</def>

<q>If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may
<qex>redeem</qex> it within a whole year after it is sold.</q>
<qau>Lev. xxv. 29.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as mortgaged
property, by paying what may be due by force of the
mortgage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To regain by
performing the obligation or condition stated; to discharge the
obligation mentioned in, as a promissory note, bond, or other
evidence of debt; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> bank notes with
coin</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or
bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be
forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to
recover; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> a captive, a pledge, and the
like</as>.</def>

<q><qex>Redeem</qex> Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.</q>
<qau>Ps. xxv. 22.</qau>

<q>The Almighty from the grave
Hath me <qex>redeemed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Hence, to rescue and deliver
from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated
law.</def>

<q>Christ hath <qex>redeemed</qex> us from the curse of the law,
being made a curse for us.</q>
<qau>Gal. iii. 13.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make good by performing fully; to fulfill;
<as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> one's promises.</as></def>

<q>I will <qex>redeem</qex> all this on Percy's head.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to
serve as an equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to
compensate; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> an error</as>.</def>

<q>Which of ye will be mortal, to <qex>redeem</qex>
Man's mortal crime?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>It is a chance which does <qex>redeem</qex> all sorrows.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<cs><col>To redeem the time</col>, <cd>to make the best use of
it.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Redeemableness.</def>

<hw>Re*deem"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b;l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being redeemed; subject to
repurchase; held under conditions permitting redemption; <as>as,
a pledge securing the payment of money is
<ex>redeemable</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subject to an obligation of redemtion;
conditioned upon a promise of redemtion; payable; due; <as>as,
bonds, promissory notes, etc.</as> , <xex>redeemabble</xex> in
gold, or in current money, or four months after date.</def>

<hw>Re*deem"a*ble*ness</hw> <pr>(r?*d?m"?*b'l*n?s)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being redeemable;
redeemability.</def>

<hw>Re*deem"er</hw> <pr>(r?*d?m"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who redeems.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus
Christ.</def>

<hw>Rede"less</hw> <pr>(r?d"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without
rede or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re`de*lib"er*ate</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*l?b"?r*?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.
& i.</pos> <def>To deliberate again; to reconsider.</def>

<hw>Re`de*liv"er</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*l?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To deliver or give back; to return.</def>

<au>Ay<?/iffe.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deliver or liberate a second time or
again.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To report; to deliver the answer of.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdShall I <xex>redeliver</xex> you e'en
so?\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re`de*liv"er*ance</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A second deliverance.</def>

<hw>Re`de*liv"er*y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Act of delivering back.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A second or new delivery or liberation.</def>

<hw>Re`de*mand"</hw> <pr>(r?`d\'b5-m?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> back, again + <ets>demand</ets>: cf.
F. <ets>redemander</ets>.]</ety> <def>To demand back; to demand
again.</def>

<hw>Re`de*mand"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A demanding back; a
second or renewed demand.</def>

<hw>Re`de*mise"</hw> <pr>(-m?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.</def>

<hw>Re`de*mise"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The
transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it;
reconveyance; <as>as, the demise and <ex>redemise</ex> of an
estate</as>. See under <er>Demise</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*dem"on*strate</hw> <pr>(r?*d?m"?n*str?t <or/
r?`d?*m?n"-str?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To demonstrate
again, or anew.</def>

<q>Every truth of morals must be <qex>redemonstrated</qex> in the
experience of the individual man before he is capable of
utilizing it as a constituent of character or a guide in
action.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>

<hw>Re*demp"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*d?mp"t?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Redeemable.</def>

<hw>Re-demp"tion</hw> <pr>(-sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82demption</ets>, L. <ets>redemptio</ets>. See
<er>Redeem</er>, and cf.  <er>Ransom</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of
redeeming, or the state of being redeemed; repurchase; ransom;
release; rescue; deliverance; <as>as, the <ex>redemption</ex> of
prisoners taken in war; the <ex>redemption</ex> of a ship and
cargo</as>.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the taking
back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or
conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming
and re\'89ntering upon an estate mortgaged</def>. See
<cref>Equity of redemption</cref>, under <er>Equity</er>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Performance of the obligation
stated in a note, bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by
making payment to the holder</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The procuring of God's favor by the
sufferings and death of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of
sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's
violated law.</def>

<q>In whom we have <qex>redemption</qex> through his blood.</q>
<qau>Eph. i. 7.</qau>

<hw>Re*demp"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who is, or may be, redeemed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Hakluyt.</au>

<hw>Re*demp"tion*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who redeems himself, as from debt or
servitude.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from
Europe to America, sold his services for a stipulated time to pay
the expenses of his passage.</def>

<hw>Re*demp"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld>
<def>A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the
order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held
in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also
<altname>Trinitarian</altname>.</def>

<hw>Re*demp"tive</hw> <pr>(-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>Serving
or tending to redeem; redeeming; <as>as, the <ex>redemptive</ex>
work of Christ</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*demp"tor*ist</hw> <pr>(-t?r*?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82demptoriste</ets>, fr. L. <ets>redemptor</ets>
redeemer, from <ets>redinere</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the Congregation of the Most
Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria
de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at
Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to
preaching to the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and
are forbidden by their rule to engage in the instruction of
youth.</def>

<hw>Re*demp"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Paid
for ransom; serving to redeem.</def> \'bdHector's
<xex>redemptory</xex> price.\'b8

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Re*demp"ture</hw> <pr>(-t?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Redemption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*dent"ed</hw> <pr>(r?*d?nt"?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[From OF. <ets>redent</ets>. See <er>Redan</er>.]</ety>
<def>Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.</def>

<hw>Re`de*pos"it</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*p?z"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To deposit again.</def>

<hw>Re`de*scend"</hw> <pr>(-s?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + descend</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>redescendre</ets>.]</ety> <def>To descend again.</def>

<au>Howell.</au>

<hw>Red"eye`</hw> <pr>(r?d"?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rudd.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Redfish</er>.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The goggle-eye, or
fresh-water rock bass.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<-- (d) [Colloq.] A scheduled public conveyance, such as a train
or airplane, which travels late at night or overnight. -->

<hw>Red"fin`</hw> <pr>(-f?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small North American dace
(<spn>Minnilus cornutus</spn>, or <spn>Notropis megalops</spn>).
The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins. Called
also <altname>red dace</altname>, and <altname>shiner</altname>.
Applied also to <spn>Notropis ardens</spn>, of the Mississippi
valley.</def>

<hw>Red"finch`</hw> <pr>(-f<icr/nch`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European linnet.</def>

<hw>Red"fish`</hw> <pr>(r<ecr/d"f<icr/sh`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The blueback salmon of
the North Pacific; -- called also <altname>nerka</altname>. See
<er>Blueback</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The rosefish.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A large California
labroid food fish (<spn>Trochocopus pulcher</spn>); -- called
also <altname>fathead</altname>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The red
bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under
<er>Drumfish</er>.</def>

<hw>Red"-gum`</hw> <pr>(-g?m`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>reed gounde</ets>; AS. <ets>re\'a0d</ets> red + 
<ets>gund</ets> matter, pus.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in
early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus.</def>

<au>Good.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A name of rust on grain. See
<er>Rust</er>.</def>

<-- p. 1204 -->

<mhw>{ <hw>Red"-hand`</hw> <pr>(r?d"h?nd`)</pr>,
<hw>Red"-hand`ed</hw> <pr>(-h?nd`?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a. <or/
adv.</pos> <def>Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as
if with red or bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act
of homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; <as>as,
he was taken <ex>red-hand</ex> or <ex>red-handed</ex></as>.</def>
<-- usu. caught red-handed -->

<hw>Red"head`</hw> <pr>(-h?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A person having red hair.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American
duck (<spn>Aythya Americana</spn>) highly esteemed as a game
bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and
its head brighter red. Called also <altname>red-headed
duck</altname>. <altname>American poachard</altname>,
<altname>grayback</altname>, and <altname>fall duck</altname>.
See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Poachard</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The red-headed woodpecker. See
<er>Woodpecker</er>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of milkweed
(<spn>Asclepias Curassavica</spn>) with red flowers. It is used
in medicine.</def>

<hw>Red`hi*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(r?d`h?*b?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>redhibitio</ets> a taking back.]</ety> <fld>(Civil
Law)</fld> <def>The annulling of a sale, and the return by the
buyer of the article sold, on account of some defect.</def>

<hw>Red*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?d*h?b"?*t?*r?)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redhibitorius</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to redhibition;
<as>as, a <ex>redhibitory</ex> action or fault</as>.</def>

<hw>Red"hoop`</hw> <pr>(r?d"h??p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of the European
bullfinch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Red"horn`</hw> <pr>(-h?rn`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of a tribe of butterflies
(<spn>Fugacia</spn>) including the common yellow species and the
cabbage butterflies. The antenn\'91 are usually red.</def>

<hw>Red"-hot`</hw> <pr>(-h?t`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Red with
heat; heated to redness; <as>as, <ex>red-hot</ex> iron;
<ex>red-hot</ex> balls</as>. Hence, figuratively, excited;
violent; <as>as, a <ex>red-hot</ex> radical</as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re"di*a</hw> <pr>(r?"d?*?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
L. <plw>Redi\'91</plw> (-<emac/), E. <plw>Redias</plw>
<pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.; of uncertain origin.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of larva, or nurse, which is
prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual
generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another
generation of redi\'91, or else cercari\'91 within its own body.
Called also <altname>proscolex</altname>, and
<altname>nurse</altname>. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in
Appendix.</def>

<hw>Re"di*ent</hw> <pr>(r?"d?-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>rediens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>redire</ets> to
return; pref. <ets>red-</ets>  + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety>
<def>Returning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re`di*gest"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*j?st")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To digest, or reduce to form, a second time.</def>

<au>Kent</au>.

<hw>Re`di*min"ish</hw> <pr>(-m?n"?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To diminish again.</def>

<hw>Red"in*got<?/</hw> <pr>(r?d"?n*g?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F., corrupted from E. <ets>reding coat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.</def>

<hw>Re*din"te*grate</hw> <pr>(r?*d?n"t?*gr?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>redintegratus</ets>, p.p. of
<ets>redintegrare</ets> to restore; pref. <ets>red-</ets>,
<ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>integrare</ets> to make whole, to
renew, fr. <ets>integer</ets> whole. See <er>Integer</er>.]</ety>
<def>Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*din"te*grate</hw> <pr>(-gr?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or
soundness.</def>

<q>The English nation seems obliterated. What could
<qex>redintegrate</qex> us again?</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Re*din`te*gra"tion</hw> <pr>(-gr?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>redintegratio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal;
renovation.</def>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Restoration of a mixed body
or matter to its former nature and state.</def>
<mark>[Achaic.]</mark>

<au>Coxe.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Psychology)</fld> <def>The law that objects
which have been previously combined as part of a single mental
state tend to recall or suggest one another; -- adopted by many
philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association of
ideas.</def>

<hw>Re`di*rect"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*r?kt")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Applied to the examination of a witness, by
the party calling him, after the cross-examination.</def>

<hw>Re`dis*burse"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?s*b?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re`dis*cov"er</hw> <pr>(-k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To discover again.</def>

<hw>Re`dis*pose"</hw> <pr>(-p?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange.</def>

<au>A. Baxter.</au>

<hw>Re`dis*seize"</hw> <pr>(-s?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To disseize anew, or a second time.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>redisseise</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Re`dis*sei"zin</hw> <pr>(-s?"z?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A disseizin by one who once before was
adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands,
etc.; also, a writ which lay in such a case.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re`dis*sei"zor</hw> <pr>(-z?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who redisseizes.</def>

<hw>Re`dis*solve"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?z*z?lv")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To dissolve again.</def>

<hw>Re`dis*till"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?s*t?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To distill again.</def>

<hw>Re`dis*train"er</hw> <pr>(-tr?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who distrains again.</def>

<hw>Re`dis*trib"ute</hw> <pr>(-tr?b"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To distribute again.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*dis`tri*bu"tion</wf>
<pr>(-tr<?/*b<?/"sh<?/n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*dis"trict</hw> <pr>(-tr?kt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
divide into new districts.</def>

<hw>Re*di"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*d?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reditio</ets>, fr. <ets>redire</ets>. See
<er>Redient</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of returning; return.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Re`di*vide"</hw> <pr>(r?`d?*v?d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To divide anew.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Red"leg`</hw> <pr>(r?d"l?g`)</pr>, <hw>Red`legs`</hw>
<pr>(-l?gz`)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The redshank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
turnstone.</def>

<hw>Red"-let`ter</hw> <pr>(-l?t`t?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters.</def>

<cs><col>Red-letter day</col>, <cd>a day that is fortunate or
auspicious; -- so called in allusion to the custom of marking
holy days, or saints' days, in the old calendars with red
letters.</cd></cs>

<hw>Red"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a red manner; with
redness.</def>

<hw>Red"mouth`</hw> <pr>(-mouth`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of marine
food fishes of the genus <spn>Diabasis</spn>, or
<pos>H\'91mulon</pos>, of the Southern United States, having the
inside of the mouth bright red. Called also
<altname>flannelmouth</altname>, and
<altname>grunt</altname>.</def>

<hw>Red"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r<?/dness</ets>.
See <er>Red</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being red;
red color.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Red"o*lence</hw> <pr>(r?d"?*l<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Red"o*len*cy</hw> <pr>(-l<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being redolent; sweetness of
scent; pleasant odor; fragrance.</def>

<hw>Red"o*lent</hw> <pr>(-l<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>redolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>redolere</ets> to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref.
<ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>olere</ets> to emit a
smell. See <er>Odor</er>.]</ety> <def>Diffusing odor or
fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; --
usually followed by <xex>of</xex>.</def>  \'bdHoney
<xex>redolent</xex> of spring.\'bd <au>Dryden</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Red"o*lent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<q>Gales . . . <qex>redolent</qex> of joy and youth.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>

<hw>Re*dou"ble</hw> <pr>(r?*d?b"'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + double</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redoubler</ets>.
Cf. <er>Reduplicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To double again or
repeatedly; to increase by continued or repeated additions; to
augment greatly; to multiply.</def>

<q>So they
Doubly <qex>redoubled</qex> strokes upon the foe.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<-- v. t. 2. (Contract bridge) To bid a redouble.

   <pos>n.</pos> An optional bid made by the side currently
holding the highest bid for the contract, after the opposing side
has doubled.  This bid increases the score for successfully
making the contract, and increases the penalties for failing. 
The score or penalty depends on the number of tricks over or
under the contract, according to a defined schedule, and
depending on the vulnerability of the side attempting the
contract. -->

<hw>Re*dou"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become greatly or
repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to be greatly augmented;
<as>as, the noise <ex>redoubles</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*doubt"</hw> <pr>(r?*dout")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>redoute</ets>, fem., It. <ets>ridotto</ets>, LL.
<ets>reductus</ets>, literally, a retreat, from L.
<ets>reductus</ets> drawn back, retired, p. p. of
<ets>reducere</ets> to lead or draw back; cf. F.
<ets>r\'82duit</ets>, also fr. LL. <ets>reductus</ets>. See
<er>Reduce</er>, and cf. <er>Reduct</er>, <er>R<?/duit</er>,
<er>Ridotto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of
varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and
without flanking defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of
hills and passes, and positions in hostile territory.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In permanent works, an outwork placed within
another outwork. See <xex>F</xex> and <xex>i</xex> in
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Ravelin</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>redout</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Re*doubt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>redouter</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>redoubter</ets>;
fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>dubitare</ets> to doubt,
in LL., to fear. See <er>Doubt</er>.]</ety> <def>To stand in
dread of; to regard with fear; to dread.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*doubt"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>redoutable</ets>, formerly also spelt
<ets>redoubtable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formidable; dread; terrible
to foes; <as>as, a <ex>redoubtable</ex> hero</as>; hence,
valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>redoutable</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Re*doubt"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formidable; dread.</def>
\'bdSome <xex>redoubled</xex> knight.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>Lord regent, and <qex>redoubted</qex> Burgandy.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*doubt"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reverence; honor.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>In <qex>redoutyng</qex> of Mars and of his glory.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Re*dound"</hw> <pr>(r?*dound")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Redounded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Redounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>redonder</ets>, L. <ets>redundare</ets>; pref.
<ets>red</ets>-, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>undare</ets> to rise
in waves or surges, fr. <ets>unda</ets> a wave. See
<er>Undulate</er>, and cf. <er>Redundant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back;
to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to
contribute; to result.</def>

<q>The evil, soon
Driven back, <qex>redounded</qex> as a flood on those
From whom it sprung.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>The honor done to our religion ultimately <qex>redounds</qex>
to God, the author of it.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>

<q> both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will
no small use <qex>redound</qex> from them to that
manufacture.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be
redundant; to overflow.</def>

<q>For every dram of honey therein found,
A pound of gall doth over it <qex>redound</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Re*dound"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The coming
back, as of consequence or effect; result; return;
requital.</def>

<q>We give you welcome; not without <qex>redound</qex>
Of use and glory to yourselves ye come.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rebound; reverberation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Codrington.</au>

<hw>Red"ow*a</hw> <pr>(r?d"?*?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
Bohemian.]</ety> <def>A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in
triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a
polka. The former is most in use.</def>

<hw>Red"pole`</hw> <pr>(r?d"p?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Redpoll</er>.</def>

<hw>Red"poll`</hw> <pr>(-p?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several
species of small northern finches of the genus
<spn>Acanthis</spn> (formerly <spn>\'92giothus</spn>), native of
Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The
male of the most common species  (<spn>A. linarius</spn>) has
also the breast and rump rosy. Called also <altname>redpoll
linnet</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Linnet</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The common European
linnet.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The American redpoll warbler
(<spn>Dendroica palmarum</spn>).</def>

<hw>Re*draft"</hw> <pr>(r<emac/*dr<adot/ft")</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To draft or draw anew.</def>

<hw>Re*draft"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A second draft
or copy.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A new bill of exchange which
the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers,
in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs
and charges.</def>

<hw>Re*draw"</hw> <pr>(r?*dr?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Redrew</er>
<pr>(-dr?")</pr>;<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Redrawn</er>
<pr>(-dr\'b5n")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Redrawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To draw again; to make a
second draft or copy of; to redraft.</def>

<hw>Re*draw"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To
draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill,
on the drawer or indorsers.</def>

<hw>Re*dress"</hw> <pr>(r?*dr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + dress</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dress
again.</def>

<hw>Re*dress"</hw> <pr>(r?*dr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>redresser</ets> to straighten; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>dresser</ets> to raise, arrange. See <er>Dress.</er>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To put in order again; to set right; to emend;
to revise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>The common profit could she <qex>redress</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>In yonder spring of roses intermixed
With myrtle, find what to <qex>redress</qex> till noon.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Your wish that I should <qex>redress</qex> a certain paper
which you had prepared.</q>
<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an
injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.</def>

<q>Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . . 
I doubt not but with honor to <qex>redress</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of
anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon.</def>
\'bd'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to <xex>redress</xex>.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<q>Will Gaul or Muscovite <qex>redress ye</qex>?</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>

<hw>Re*dress"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
redressing; a making right; reformation; correction;
amendment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more
necessary is a speedy <qex>redress</qex> of ourselves.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or
opression; <as>as, the <ex>redress</ex> of grievances</as>;
hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for
<qex>redress</qex> when the cry is universal.</q>
<qau>Davenant.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, gives relief; a
redresser.</def>

<q>Fair majesty, the refuge and <qex>redress</qex>
Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Re*dress"al</hw> <pr>(r?*dr?s"<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Redress.</def>

<hw>Re*dress"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
redresses.</def>

<hw>Re*dress"i*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Such as may be redressed.</def>

<hw>Re*dress"ive</hw> <pr>(-?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending
to redress.</def>

<au>Thomson.</au>

<hw>Re*dress"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not having redress;
such as can not be redressed; irremediable.</def>

<au>Sherwood.</au>

<hw>Re*dress"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>redressement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
redressing; redress.</def>

<au>Jefferson.</au>

<hw>Red"-rib`and</hw> <pr>(r?d"r?b`<it>a</it>nd)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European red band
fish, or fireflame. See <er>Rend fish</er>.</def>

<hw>Red"root`</hw> <pr>(r?d"r?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of several plants having red roots,
as the New Jersey tea (see under <er>Tea</er>), the gromwell, the
bloodroot, and the <xex>Lachnanthes tinctoria</xex>, an
endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to
Florida.</def>

<hw>Red`sear"</hw> <pr>(r?d`s?r")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short.</def>

<au>Moxon.</au>

<hw>Red"shank`</hw> <pr>(r?d"sh?nk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common Old
World limicoline bird (<spn>Totanus calidris</spn>), having the
legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (<spn>T.
fuscus</spn>) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also
<altname>redshanks</altname>, <altname>redleg</altname>, and
<altname>clee</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
fieldfare.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous
appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion
to their bare legs.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Red"-short`</hw> <pr>(-sh?rt`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said
of certain kinds of iron.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Red"-short`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Red"skin`</hw> <pr>(-sk?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A common
appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the
color of the skin.</def>

<au>Cooper.</au>

<-- 2. (Football) A member of the Washington Redskins. -->

<hw>Red"start`</hw> <pr>(-st?rt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Red</ets> + <ets>start</ets> tail.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small, handsome
European singing bird (<spn>Ruticilla ph\'d2nicurus</spn>),
allied to the nightingale; -- called also
<altname>redtail</altname>, <altname>brantail</altname>,
<altname>fireflirt</altname>, <altname>firetail</altname>. The
black redstart is <spn>P.tithys</spn>.  The name is also applied
to several other species of <spn>Ruticilla</spn> amnd allied
genera, native of India.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American
fly-catching warbler (<spn>Setophaga ruticilla</spn>). The male
is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings,
and tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.</def>

<hw>Red"streak`</hw> <pr>(-str?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of apple having the skin streaked with
red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple.</def>

<au>Mortimer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cider pressed from redstreak apples.</def>

<hw>Red"tail`</hw> <pr>(-t?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The red-tailed
hawk.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European redstart.</def>

<hw>Red"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(-t?ld`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having a red tail.</def>

<cs><col>Red-tailed hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large
North American hawk (<spn>Buteo borealis</spn>). When adult its
tail is chestnut red. Called also <altname>hen hawck</altname>,
and <altname>red-tailed buzzard</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Red"-tape`</hw> <pr>(-t?p`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See
<cref>Red tape</cref>, under <er>Red</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>

<hw>Red`-tap"ism</hw> <pr>(r?d`t?p"?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Strict adherence to official formalities.</def>

<au>J. C. Shairp.</au>

<hw>Red`-tap"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is tenacious of
a strict adherence to official formalities.</def>

<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>

<hw>Red"throat`</hw> <pr>(r?d"thr?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small Australian singing bird
(<spn>Phyrrhol\'91mus brunneus</spn>). The upper parts are brown,
the center of the throat red.</def>

<hw>Red"top`</hw> <pr>(-t?p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of grass (<spn>Agrostis
vulgaris</spn>) highly valued in the United States for pasturage
and hay for cattle; -- called also <altname>English
grass</altname>, and in some localities <altname>herd's
grass</altname>. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix. The
tall redtop is <spn>Triodia seslerioides</spn>.</def>

<hw>Re*dub"</hw> <pr>(r?*d?b")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>radouber</ets> to refit or repair.]</ety> <def>To refit; to
repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>It shall be good that you <qex>redub</qex> that
negligence.</q>
<qau>Wyatt.</qau>

<q>God shall give power to <qex>redub it with some like requital
to the French</qex>.</q>
<qau>Grafton.</qau>

<hw>Re*duce"</hw> <pr>(r<esl/*d<umac/s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reduced</er>
<pr>(-d<umac/st")</pr>,; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reducing</er> <pr>(-d<umac/"s<icr/ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[L. <ets>reducere</ets>, <ets>reductum</ets>; pref.
<ets>red-</ets>. <ets>re-</ets>, re- +  <ets>ducere</ets> to
lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Redoubt</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring or lead back to
any former place or condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>And to his brother's house <qex>reduced</qex> his wife.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<q>The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great
Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates
<qex>reduce</qex> and direct us.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring to any inferior state, with respect to
rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to
lower; to degrade; to impair; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a
sergeant to the ranks; to <ex>reduce</ex> a drawing; to
<ex>reduce</ex> expenses; to <ex>reduce</ex> the intensity of
heat</as>.</def> \'bdAn ancient but <xex>reduced</xex>
family.\'b8

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<q>Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something
belonging to it, to <qex>reduce</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<q>Having <qex>reduced</qex>
Their foe to misery beneath their fears.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found
the clergyman <qex>reduced</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to
subdue; to capture; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a province or a
fort</as>.</def>

<-- p. 1205 -->

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring to a certain state or condition by
grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; <as>as, to
<ex>reduce</ex> a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to
<ex>reduce</ex> fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp.</as></def>

<q>It were but right
And equal to <qex>reduce</qex> me to my dust.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To bring into a certain order, arrangement,
classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain
limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation;
<as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> animals or vegetables to a class or
classes; to <ex>reduce</ex> a series of observations in
astronomy; to <ex>reduce</ex> language to rules.</as></def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To change, as
numbers, from one denomination into another without altering
their value, or from one denomination into others of the same
value; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> pounds, shillings, and pence to
pence, or to <ex>reduce</ex> pence to pounds; to <ex>reduce</ex>
days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and
hours.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To change the form of a
quantity or expression without altering its value; <as>as, to
<ex>reduce</ex> fractions to their lowest terms, to a common
denominator, etc.</as></def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To bring to the metallic
state by separating from impurities; hence, in general, to remove
oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the
action of, hydrogen; <as>as, ferric iron is <ex>reduced</ex> to
ferrous iron; or metals are <ex>reduced</ex> from their
ores</as>; -- opposed to <ant>oxidize</ant>.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To restore to its proper place
or condition, as a displaced organ or part; <as>as, to
<ex>reduce</ex> a dislocation, a fracture, or a
hernia</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reduced iron</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>metallic iron
obtained through deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a
current of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is
used the product is called also <stype>iron by
hydrogen</stype>.</cd> -- <col>To reduce an equation</col>
<fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>to bring the unknown quantity by itself on
one side, and all the known quantities on the other side, without
destroying the equation.</cd> -- <col>To reduce an
expression</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>to obtain an equivalent
expression of simpler form.</cd> -- <col>To reduce a square</col>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to reform the line or column from the
square.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten;
curtail; impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate;
conquer.</syn>

<hw>Re*duce"ment</hw> <pr>(r?*d?s"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Reduction.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re*du"cent</hw> <pr>(r?*d?"s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reducens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>reducere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to reduce.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A reducent agent.</def></def2>

<hw>Re*du"cer</hw> <pr>(-s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, reduces.</def>

<hw>Re*du"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(-s?*b'll)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being reduced.</def>

<hw>Re*du"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
reducible.</def>

<hw>Re*du"cing</hw> <pr>(r?*d?"s?ng)</pr>, <def><pos>a & n.</pos>
from <er>Reduce</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Reducing furnace</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a
furnace for reducing ores.</cd> -- <col>Reducing pipe
fitting</col>, <cd>a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a
tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one.</cd>
-- <col>Reducing valve</col>, <cd>a device for automatically
maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a
pipe, or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in
which the pressure is higher than is desired in the
receiver.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*duct"</hw> <pr>(r?*d?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t..</pos>
<ety>[L.<ets>reductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reducere</ets>. See
<er>Reduce</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>W. Warde.</au>

<hw>Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*d?k`t?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being reducible;
reducibleness.</def>

<hw>Re*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*d?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82duction</ets>, L.  <ets>reductio</ets>. See
<er>Reduce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reducing, or
state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition;
diminution; conquest; <as>as, the <ex>reduction</ex> of a body to
powder; the <ex>reduction</ex> of things to order; the
<ex>reduction</ex> of the expenses of government; the
<ex>reduction</ex> of a rebellious province.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arith. & Alq.)</fld> <def>The act or process of
reducing. See <er>Reduce</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 6. and <cref>To
reduce an equation</cref>, <cref>To reduce an expression</cref>,
under <er>Reduce</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The correction
of observations for known errors of instruments, etc.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The preparation of the facts and measurements
of observations in order to deduce a general result.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The process of making a copy of something, as a
figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the
proper proportions.</def>

<au>Fairholt.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The bringing of a syllogism
in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first
figure.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Chem. & Metal.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or
result of reducing; <as>as, the <ex>reduction</ex> of iron from
its ores; the <ex>reduction</ex> of aldehyde from
alcohol</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of restoring a
dislocated or fractured part to its former place.</def>

<cs><col>Reduction ascending</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the
operation of changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher
denomination, as cents to dollars.</cd> -- <col>Reduction
descending</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of
changing numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination,
as dollars to cents.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment;
subjugation; conquest; subjection.</syn>

<hw>Re*duc"tive</hw> <pr>(-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82ductif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to reduce; having the
power or effect of reducing.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
reductive agent.</def></def2>

<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>

<hw>Re*duc"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By reduction; by
consequence.</def>

<hw>\'d8R\'82`duit"</hw> <pr>(r?`dw?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. See <er>Redoubt</er>, <pos>n.</pos> ]</ety>
<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A central or retired work within any
other work.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*dun"dance</hw> <pr>(r?*d?n"d<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*dun"dan*cy</hw> <pr>(-d<it>a</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>redundantia</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>redondance</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being redundant;
superfluity; superabundance; excess.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is redundant or in excess; anything
superfluous or superabundant.</def>

<q>Labor . . . throws off <qex>redundacies</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Surplusage inserted in a
pleading which may be rejected by the court without impairing the
validity of what remains.</def>

<hw>Re*dun"dant</hw> <pr>(-d<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>redundans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>redundare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redondant</ets>. See
<er>Redound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exceeding what is
natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; <as>as, a
<ex>redundant</ex> quantity of bile or food</as>.</def>

<q>Notwithstanding the <qex>redundant</qex> oil in fishes, they
do not increase fat so much as flesh.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Using more worrds or images than are necessary
or useful; pleonastic.</def>

<q>Where an suthor is <qex>redundant</qex>, mark those paragraphs
to be retrenched.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant;
overflowing; plentiful; copious.</syn>

<hw>Re*dun"dant*ly</hw> <pr>(r?*d?n"d<it>a</it>nt*l?)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a refundant manner.</def>

<hw>Re*du"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(r?*d?"pl?*k?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + duplicate</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>reduplicatus</ets>. Cf. <er>Redouble</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Valvate with the margins
curved outwardly; -- said of the <?/stivation of certain
flowers.</def>

<hw>Re*du"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(-k?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>reduplicare</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To repeat the first letter or
letters of (a word). See <er>Reduplication</er>,<er>3</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*du`pli*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(-k?sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82duplication</ets>, L.
<ets>reduplicatio</ets> repetition.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a
verse is the same as the last word of the preceding verse.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The doubling of a stem or
syllable (more or less modified), with the effect of changing the
time expressed, intensifying the meaning, or making the word more
imitative; also, the syllable thus added; <as>as, L</as>.
<xex>te</xex>tuli; <xex>po</xex>posci.</def>

<hw>Re*du"pli*ca-tive</hw> <pr>(-k?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82duplicatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Double;
formed by reduplication; reduplicate.</def>

<au>I. Watts.</au>

<hw>Red"u*vid</hw> <pr>(r?d"?*v?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reduvia</ets> a hangnail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Redivius</spn>, or
family <spn>Reduvid\'91</spn>. They live by sucking the blood of
other insects, and some species also attack man.</def>

<hw>Red"weed`</hw> <pr>(r<ecr/d"w<emac/d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The red poppy (<spn>Papaver
Rh\'d2as</xex>).</def>

<au>Dr. Prior.</au>

<hw>Red"wing`</hw> <pr>(-w?ng`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European thrush (<spn>Turdus
iliacus</spn>). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called
also <altname>redwinged thrush</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> A North
American passerine bird (<spn>Agelarius ph<oe/niceus</spn>) of
the family <spn>Icterid\'91</spn>. The male is black, with a
conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each
wing. Called also <altname>redwinged blackbird</altname>,
<altname>red-winged troupial</altname>, <altname>marsh
blackbird</altname>, and <altname>swamp
blackbird</altname>.</def>

<hw>Red"withe`</hw> <pr>(r?d"w?th`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A west Indian climbing shrub
(<spn>Combretum Jacquini</spn>) with slender reddish
branchlets.</def>

<hw>Red"wood`</hw> <pr>(-w<oocr/d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gigantic coniferous tree
(<spn>Sequoia sempervirens</spn>) of California, and its light
and durable reddish timber. See <er>Sequoia</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An East Indian dyewood, obtained from
<spn>Pterocarpus santalinus</spn>, <spn>C\'91salpinia
Sappan</spn>, and several other trees.</def>

<note><hand/ The redwood of Andaman is <spn>Pterocarpus
dalbergioides</spn>; that of some parts of tropical America,
several species of <spn>Erythoxylum</spn>; that of Brazil, the
species of <spn>Humirium</spn>.</note>

<hw>Ree</hw> <pr>(r<emac/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.
<ets>real</ets>, pl. <ets>reis</ets>. See <er>Real</er> the
money.]</ety> <def>See <er>Rei</er>.</def>

<hw>Ree</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G.
<ets>r<?/den</ets>, <ets>raden</ets>, <ets>raiten</ets>. Cf.
<er>Riddle</er> a sieve.]</ety> <def>To riddle; to sift; to
separate or throw off.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Mortimer.</au>

<hw>Ree"bok`</hw> <pr>(r?"b?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.,
literally, roebuck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
peele.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rehboc</asp> and
<asp>rheeboc</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Re*<?/ch"o</hw> <pr>(r?*?k"?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
echo back; to reverberate again; <as>as, the hills
<ex>re\'89cho</ex> the roar of cannon</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89ch"o</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give echoes; to
return back, or be reverberated, as an echo; to resound; to be
resonant.</def>

<q>And a loud groan <qex>re\'89choes</qex> from the main.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<hw>Re*\'89ch"o</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The echo of an echo; a
repeated or second echo.</def>

<hw>Reech"y</hw> <pr>(r?ch"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reeky</er>.]</ety> <def>Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with
dirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Reed</hw> <pr>(r?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Red.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Reed</hw>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rede</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Reed</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The fourth stomach of a
ruminant; rennet.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Reed</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hre<?/d</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>riet</ets>, G. <ets>riet</ets>, <ets>ried</ets>, OHG.
<ets>kriot</ets>, <ets>riot</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to many tall and coarse
grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed,
stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the
common reed of Europe and North America (<spn>Phragmites
communis</spn>).</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of
some plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe.</def>

<q>Arcadian pipe, the pastoral <qex>reed</qex>
Of Hermes.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An arrow, as made of a reed.</def>

<au>Prior.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Straw prepared for thatching a roof.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small piece of
cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of certain instruments,
and set in vibration by the breath. In the clarinet it is a
single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is double, forming a
compressed tube.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the thin pieces
of metal, the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon,
accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets
or registers of pipes in an organ.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A frame having parallel
flat stripe of metal or reed, between which the warp threads
pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating
up the weft; a sley. See <er>Batten</er>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A tube containing the train
of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Reeding</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Egyptian reed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
papyrus.</cd> -- <col>Free reed</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a
reed whose edges do not overlap the wind passage, -- used in the
harmonium, concertina, etc. It is distinguished from the
<xex>beating<xex> or <xex>striking reed<xex> of the organ and
clarinet.</cd> -- <col>Meadow reed grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>the <spn>Glyceria aquatica</spn>, a tall grass found in wet
places.</cd> -- <col>Reed babbler</col>. <cd>See
<er>Reedbird</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reed bunting</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A European sparrow (<spn>Emberiza
sch<oe/niclus</spn>) which frequents marshy places; -- called
also <altname>reed sparrow</altname>, <altname>ring
bunting</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Reedling.</cd> --
<col>Reed canary grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall wild
grass (<spn>Phalaris arundinacea</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Reed
grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common
reed</cd>. See <er>Reed</er>, 1. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A plant of the
genus <spn>Sparganium</spn>; bur reed. See under
<er>Bur</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reed organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>,
<cd>an organ in which the wind acts on a set of free reeds, as
the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc.</cd> -- <col>Reed
pipe</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a pipe of an organ furnished
with a reed.</cd> -- <col>Reed sparrow</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Reed bunting</cref>,
above.</cd> -- <col>Reed stop</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a set
of pipes in an organ furnished with reeds.</cd> -- <col>Reed
warbler</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small
European warbler (<spn>Acrocephalus streperus</spn>); -- called
also <altname>reed wren</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one
of several species of Indian and Australian warblers of the
genera <spn>Acrocephalus</spn>, <spn>Calamoherpe</spn>, and
<spn>Arundinax</spn>. They are excellent singers.</cd> --
<col>Sea-sand reed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of coarse
grass (<spn>Ammophila arundinacea</spn>). See <cref>Beach
grass</cref>, under <er>Beach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Wood reed
grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall, elegant grass
(<spn>Cinna arundinacea</spn>), common in moist woods.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reed"bird`</hw> <pr>(r?d"b?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bobolink.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of several small Asiatic singing birds of
the genera <spn>Sch<oe/nicola</spn> and <spn>Eurycercus</spn>; --
called also <altname>reed babbler</altname>.</def>
<hw>Reed"buck"</hw> <pr>(-b?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rietboc</er>.</def>

<hw>Reed"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Civered with
reeds; reedy.</def>

<au>Tusser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed with channels and ridges like
reeds.</def>

<hw>Reed"en</hw> <pr>(r?d"'n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting
of a reed or reeds.</def>

<q>Through <qex>reeden</qex> pipes convey the golden flood.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Re*\'89d`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*?d`?*f?*k?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82\'82dification</ets>. See
<er>Re\'89dify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act re\'89difying; the state
of being re\'89dified.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89d"i*fy</hw> <pr>(r?*?d"?*ff?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + edify</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82\'82difier</ets>, L. <ets>reaedificare</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To edify anew; to build again after destruction.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Reed"ing</hw> <pr>(r?d"?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
4th <er>Reed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A
small convex molding; a reed (see <xex>Illust</xex>. <sd>(i)</sd>
of <er>Molding</er>); one of several set close together to
decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the
reverse of <xex>fluting</xex>.</def>

<note><hand/ Several <xex>reedings</xex> are often placed
together, parallel to each other, either projecting from, or
inserted into, the adjining surface. The decoration so produced
is then called, in general, <xex>reeding</xex>.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly
called <xex>milling</xex>.</def>

<hw>Reed"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of reeds;
<as>as, <ex>reedless</ex> banks</as>.</def>

<hw>Reed"ling</hw> <pr>(-l?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bearded titmouse
(<spn>Panurus biarmicus</spn>); -- called also <altname>reed
bunting</altname>, <altname>bearded pinnock</altname>, and
<altname>lesser butcher bird</altname>.</def>

<note><hand/ It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and
yellow on the wings. The male has a tuft of black feathers on
each side of the face.</note>

<hw>Reed"-mace`</hw> <pr>(-m?s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cat-tail.</def>

<hw>Reed"work`</hw> <pr>(-w?rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A collective name for the reed stops of an
organ.</def>

<hw>Reed"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds.</def> \'bdA
<xex>reedy</xex> pool.\'b8

<au>Thomson .</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the quality of reed in tone, that is,
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ and thin^ as some voices.</def>

<hw>Reef</hw> <pr>(r?f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D.
<ets>rif</ets>, G. <ets>riff</ets>, Icel. <ets>rif</ets>, Dan.
<ets>rev</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>rifa</ets> rift, rent, fissure,
<ets>rifa</ets> to rive, bear. Cf. <er>Rift</er>,
<er>Rive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chain or range of rocks
lying at or near the surface of the water. See <cref>Coral
reefs</cref>, under <er>Coral</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A large vein of auriferous
quartz; -- so called in Australia. Hence, any body of rock
yielding valuable ore.</def>

<cs><col>Reef builder</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any stony
coral which contributes material to the formation of coral
reefs.</cd> -- <col>Reef heron</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any heron of the genus <spn>Demigretta</spn>; <as>as, the
blue <ex>reef heron<ex> (<spn>D.jugularis</spn>) of
Australia</as>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reef</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>reef</ets>, G.
<ets>reff</ets>, Sw. <ets>ref</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>rif</ets>
reef, <ets>rifa</ets> to basten together. Cf. <er>Reeve</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>River</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of
the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the
force of the wind.</def>

<note><hand/ From the head to the first reef-band, in square
sails, is termed the <xex>first reef</xex>; from this to the next
is the <xex>second reef</xex>; and so on. In fore-and-aft sails,
which reef on the foot, the first reef is the lowest part.</note>

<au>Totten.</au>

<cs><col>Close reef</col>, <cd>the last reef that can be put
in.</cd> -- <col>Reef band</col>. <cd>See <er>Reef-band</er> in
the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Reef knot</col>, <cd>the knot which
is used in tying reef pointss. See <xex>Illust<xex>. under
<er>Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reef line</col>, <cd>a small rope
formerly used to reef the courses by being passed spirally round
the yard and through the holes of the reef. <au>Totten</au>.</cd>
-- <col>Reef pioints</col>, <cd>pieces of small rope passing
through the eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the
sail.</cd> -- <col>Reef tackle</col>, <cd>a tackle by which the
reef cringles, or rings, of a sail are hauled up to the yard for
reefing. <au>Totten</au>.</cd> -- <col>To take a reef in</col>,
<cd>to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or rolling up a
reef, and lashing it to the spar.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reef</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reefed</er> <pr>(r\'c7ft)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Reefing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a
certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or
spar.</def>

<au>Totten.</au>

<cs><col>To reef the paddles</col>, <cd>to move the floats of a
paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so
deeply.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 1206 -->

<hw>Reef"-band`</hw> <pr>(r?f"b?nd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to
strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are
made.</def>

<au>Totten.</au>

<hw>Reef"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who reefs; -- a name often given to
midshipmen.</def>

<au>Marryat.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick
cloth.</def>

<-- 3. A marijuana cigarette [Slang]. -->

<hw>Reef"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The
process of taking in a reef.</def>

<cs><col>Reefing bowsprit</col>, <cd>a bowsprit so rigged that it
can easily be run in or shortened by sliding inboard, as in
cutters.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reef"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of reefs
or rocks.</def>

<hw>Reek</hw> <pr>(r<emac/k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Reek</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r<?/c</ets>; akin to
OFries. <ets>r<?/k</ets>, LG. & D. <ets>rook</ets>, G.
<ets>rauch</ets>, OHG. <ets>rouh</ets>, Dan. r<?/g, Sw.
<ets>r<?/k</ets>, Icel. <ets>reykr</ets>, and to AS.
<ets>re<?/can</ets> to reek, smoke, Icel. <ets>rj<?/ka</ets>, G.
<ets>riechen</ets> to smell.]</ety> <def>Vapor; steam; smoke;
fume.</def>

<q>As hateful to me as the <qex>reek</qex> of a limekiln.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Reek</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reeked</er> <pr>(r?kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Reeking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[As.
<ets>r<?/can</ets>. See <er>Reek vapor</er>..]</ety> <def>To emit
vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full of fumes;
to steam; to smoke; to exhale.</def>

<q>Few chimneys <qex>reeking</qex> you shall espy.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>I found me laid
In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun
Soon dried, and on the <qex>reeking</qex> moisture fed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>The coffee rooms <qex>reeked</qex> with tobacco.</q>
<qau>Macualay.</qau>

<hw>Reek"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 2d
<er>Reek</er>; cf. <er>Reechy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Emitting reek.</def> \'bd<xex>Reeky</xex>
fen.\'b8

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<hw>Reel</hw> <pr>(r?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.
<ets>righil</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lively dance of the Highlanders
of Scotland; also, the music to the dance; -- often called
<altname>Scotch reel</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Virginia reel</col>, <cd>the common name throughout the
United States for the old English \'bdcountry dance,\'b8 or
contradance (<xex>contredanse<xex>).</cd> <au>Bartlett.</au></cs>

<hw>Reel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>kre<?/l</ets>: cf.
Icel. <ets>kr<?/ll</ets> a weaver's reed or sley.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool,
turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like,
are wound; <as>as, a log <ex>reel</ex>, used by seamen; an
angler's <ex>reel</ex>; a garden <ex>reel</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A machine on which yarn is wound and measured
into lays and hanks, -- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four
inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches.</def>

<au>McElrath.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A device consisting of
radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting
machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by
the knives.</def>

<cs><col>Reel oven</col>, <cd>a baker's oven in which bread pans
hang suspended from the arms of a kind of reel revolving on a
horizontal axis.</cd></cs>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Reel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reeled</er> <pr>(r?ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Reeling</er>. ]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
roll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>And Sisyphus an huge round stone did <qex>reel</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.</def>

<hw>Reel</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>ragla</ets>.
See <er>2d Reel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To incline, in
walking, from one side to the other; to stagger.</def>

<q>They <qex>reel</qex> to and fro, and stagger like a drunken
man.</q>
<qau>Ps. cvii. 27.</qau>

<q>He, with heavy fumes oppressed,
<qex>Reeled</qex> from the palace, and retired to rest.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>The wagons <qex>reeling</qex> under the yellow sheaves.</q>
<qau>Macualay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.</def>

<q>In these lengthened vigils his brain often
<qex>reeled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<hw>Reel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or motion of reeling or
staggering; <as>as, a drunken <ex>reel</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re`\'89*lect"</hw> <pr>(r?`?*l?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To elect again; <as>as, to <ex>re\'89lect</ex> the former
governor</as>.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Election a second time, or anew; <as>as, the
<ex>re\'89lection</ex> of a former chief</as>.</def>

<hw>Reel"er</hw> <pr>(r?l"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who reels.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The grasshopper warbler;
-- so called from its note.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Re*\'89l"i*gi*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*?l"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Eligble again; capable of re\'89lection; <as>as,
<ex>re\'89ligible</ex> to the same office</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*\'89l`i*gi*bil"i*ty</wf>
<pr>(r<?/*<?/l`-<?/*j<?/*b<?/l"<?/*t<?/)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Reem</hw> <pr>(r?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Hebrew name of a horned wild
animal, probably the Urus.</def>

<note><hand/ In King James's Version it is called
<xex>unicorn</xex>; in the Revised Version,<xex>wild ox</xex>.
<au>Job xxxix. 9.</au>
</note>

<hw>Reem</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ream</er> to make a
hole in.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To open (the seams of a
vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them.</def>

<cs><col>Reeming iron</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron
chisel for reeming the seams of planks in calking
ships.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re`\'89m*bark"</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*b?rk")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &
i.</pos> <def>To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark
again.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89m`bar*ka"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*?m`b?r*k?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A putting, or going, on board a vessel
again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89m*bod"y</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*b?d"?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To embody again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89m*brace"</hw> <pr>(-br?s")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<def>To embrace again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89*merge"</hw> <pr>(r?`?*m?rj")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<def>To emerge again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89*mer"gence</hw> <pr>(-m?r"j<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of re<?/merging.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*act"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*?kt")</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To enact again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(-?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of re<?/nacting; the state of being
re<?/nacted.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*ac"ment</hw> <pr>(-?kt"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The enacting or passing of a law a second
time; the renewal of a law.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*cour"age</hw> <pr>(-k?r"?j;)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To encourage again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*dow"</hw> <pr>(-dou")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
endow again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*force"</hw> <pr>(-f?rs")</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + enforce</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>renforcer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strengthen with new force,
assistance, material, or support; <as>as, to
<ex>re\'89nforce</ex> an argument; to <ex>re\'89nforce</ex> a
garment</as>; especially, to strengthen with additional troops,
as an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>reinforce</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Re`\'89n*force"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Re\'89nforce</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, and cf. <er>Ranforce</er>,
<er>Reinforce</er>.]</ety> <def>Something which re\'89nforces or
strengthens. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> That part of a cannon
near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the piece, so
as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Cannon</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> An additional
thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet,
buttonhole, etc.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*force"ment</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*f?rs"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of re\'89nforcing, or the
state of being re\'89nforced.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which re\'89nforces; additional force;
especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of
any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*gage"</hw> <pr>(-g?j)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To engage a second time or again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*gage"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed or repeated engagement.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*grave"</hw> <pr>(-gr?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To engrave anew.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*joy"</hw> <pr>(-joi")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
enjoi anew.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Re`\'89n*joy"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Renewed enjoiment.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*kin"dle</hw> <pr>(-k?n"d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To enkindle again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*list"</hw> <pr>(-l?st")</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To enlist again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*list"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed enlistment.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*slave"</hw> <pr>(-sl?v")</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To enslave again.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89n"ter</hw> <pr>(r?*?n"t?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To enter again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>To cut deeper, as
engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not
been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89n"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To enter anew or
again.</def>

<cs><col>Re\'89ntering angle</col>, <cd>an angle of a polygon
pointing inward, as <xex>a<xex>, in the cut.</cd> --
<col>Re\'89ntering polygon</col>, <cd>a polygon having one or
more re\'89ntering angles.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*\'89n"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Calico
Printing.)</fld> <def>The process of applying additional colors,
by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly
colored.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*throne"</hw> <pr>(-thr?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89n*throne"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A second enthroning.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89n"trance</hw> <pr>(r?*?n"tr<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act entereing again; re<?/ntry.</def>

<au>Hooker.</au>

<hw>Re*\'89n"trant</hw> <pr>(-tr<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Re\'89ntering; pointing or directed inwardds; <as>as, a
<ex>re<?/ntrant</ex> angle</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89n"try</hw> <pr>(-tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A second or new entry; <as>as, a <ex>re\'89ntry</ex> into
public life</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A resuming or retaking
possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially
to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on
failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the
lease.</def>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<cs><col>Card of re\'89try</col>, <fld>(Whist)</fld>, <cd>a card
that by winning a trick will bring one the lead at an advanced
period of the hand.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re`\'89*rect"</hw> <pr>(r?`?*r?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To erect again.</def>

<hw>Reer"mouse`</hw> <pr>(r?r"mous`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rearmouse</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89s*tab"lish</hw> <pr>(r?`?s*t?b"l?sh)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to
restore; <as>as, to <ex>re\'89stablish</ex> a covenant; to
<ex>re\'89stablish</ex> health.</as></def>

<hw>Re`\'89s*tab"lish*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who establishes again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89s*tab"lish*ment</hw> <pr>(-mnt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act re\'89stablishing; the state of being
re\'89stablished.</def>

<au>Addison.</au>

<hw>Re`\'89s*tate"</hw> <pr>(-t?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
re\'89stablish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Walis.</au>

<hw>Reeve</hw> <pr>(r?v)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of the ruff.</def>

<hw>Reeve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rove</er> <pr>(r?v)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reeving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>reven</ets>. See
<er>Reef</er>, <pos>n.</pos> & <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pass, as the end of a pope, through
any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the
like.</def>

<hw>Reeve</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>reve</ets>, AS.
<ets>ger<?/fa</ets>. Cf. <er>Sheriff</er>.]</ety> <def>an
officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in
compounds; <as>as, shire<ex>reeve</ex>, now written
<xex>sheriff</xex>; port<ex>reeve</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>  <au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<hw>Re`\'89x*am"i*na*ble</hw> <pr>(r?`?gz*?m"?*n?*b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Admitting of being re\'89xamined or
reconsidered.</def>

<au>Story.</au>

<hw>Re`\'89x*am`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-?*n?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A repeated examination. See under
<er>Examination</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89x*am"ine</hw> <pr>(--?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To examine anew.</def>

<au>Hooker.</au>

<hw>Re`\'89x*change"</hw> <pr>(r?`?ks*ch?nj")</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos><def>To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous
exchange).</def>

<hw>Re`\'89x*change"</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The expense chargeable on a
bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign
country, and returned to the country in which it was made or
indorsed, and then taken up.</def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<q>The rate of <qex>re\'89xchange</qex> is regulated with respect
to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the place where
the bill of exchange was payable, and the place where it was
drawn. <qex>Re\'89xchange</qex> can not be cumulated.</q>
<qau>Walsh.</qau>

<hw>Re`\'89x*hib"it</hw> <pr>(r?`?gz*?b"?t <or/ -?ks*h?b"?t)</pr>
<pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To exhibit again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89x*pel"</hw> <pr>(r?`?ks*p?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To expel again.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89x*pe"ri*ence</hw> <pr>(-p?`r?-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A renewed or repeated experience.</def>

<hw>Re`\'89x*port"</hw> <pr>(-p?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To export again, as what has been imported.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89x"port</hw> <pr>(r?*?ks"p?rt)</pr>, <pos>n/</pos>
<def>Any commodity re\'89xported; -- chiefly in the ptural.</def>

<hw>Re*\'89x`por*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-p?r*t?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of re\'89xporting, or of exporting an
import.</def>

<au>A. Smith.</au>

<hw>`\'89x*pul"sion</hw> <pr>(r?`?ks*p?l"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Renewed or repeated expulsion.</def>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Reezed</hw> <pr>(r?zd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Grown rank;
rancid; rusty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Reezed</xex>
bacon.\'b8

<au>Marston.</au>

<hw>Re*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Refection</er>.]</ety> <def>Recompense; atonemet;
retribution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Howell.</au>

<hw>Re*far"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>refaire</ets> to do over again.]</ety> <def>To go over
again; to repeat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>To him therefore this wonder done <qex>refar</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>

<hw>Re*fash"ion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second
time.</def>

<au>MacKnight.</au>

<hw>Re*fash"ion*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of refashioning, or the state of being
refashioned.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Leigh Hunt.</au>

<hw>Re*fas"ten</hw> <pr>(r?*f?s"'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To fasten again.</def>

<hw>Re*fect"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?kt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>refectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reficere</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>To
restore after hunger or fatique; to refresh.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*fec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82fection</ets>. See
<er>Refect</er>, <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Refreshment after
hunger or fatique; a repast; a lunch.</def>

<q>[His] feeble spirit inly felt <qex>refection</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>Those Attic nights, and those <qex>refections</qex> of the
gods.</q>
<qau>Curran.</qau>

<hw>Re*fec"tive</hw> <pr>(r?*f?k"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Refreshing; restoring.</def>

<hw>Re*fec"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
refreshes.</def>

<hw>Re*fec"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.;
<plw>Refectories</plw> <pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu>
<ety>[<er>LL</er>. <ets>refectorium</ets>: cf. F. 
<ets>r\'82fectoire</ets>. See <er>Refection</er>.]</ety> <def>A
room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or
convents.</def>

<note><hand/ Sometimes pronounced <pr>r<?/f"<?/k*t<?/*r<?/</pr>,
especially when signifying the eating room in monasteries.</note>

<hw>Re*fel"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>refellere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>fallere</ets> to deceive.]</ety> <def>To refute; to
disprove; <as>as, to <ex>refel</ex> the tricks of a
sophister</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>How he <qex>refelled</qex> me, and how I replied.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*fer"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Referred</er>
<pr>(-f?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Referring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82f\'82rer</ets>, L.  <ets>referre</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er>
to carry.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry or send back.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct
elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, infirmation, decision, etc.; to
make over, or pass over, to another; <as>as, to <ex>refer</ex> a
student to an author; to <ex>refer</ex> a beggar to an officer;
to <ex>refer</ex> a bill to a committee; a court <ex>refers</ex>
a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or
<ex>refers</ex> a question of law to a superior
tribunal.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To place in or under by a mental or rational
process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive,
reason, or ground of explanation; <as>as, he <ex>referred</ex>
the phenomena to electrical disturbances</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To refer one's self</col>, <cd>to have recourse; to
betake one's self; to make application; to appeal.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<q>I'll <qex>refer</qex> me to all things sense.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*fer"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have
recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; <as>as, to
<ex>refer</ex> to a dictionary</as>.</def>

<q>In suits . . . it is to <qex>refer</qex> to some friend of
trust.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have relation or reference; to relate; to
point; <as>as, the figure <ex>refers</ex> to a
footnote</as>.</def>

<q>Of those places that <qex>refer</qex> to the shutting and
opening the abyss, I take notice of that in Job.</q>
<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To carry the mind or throught; to direct
attention; <as>as, the preacher <ex>referrd</ex> to the late
election</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To direct inquiry for information or a quarantes
of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity,
pecuniary ability, and the like; <as>as, I <ex>referred</ex> to
his employer for the truth of his story</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To allude; advert; suggest; appeal.</syn> <usage>
<er>Refer</er>, <er>Allude</er>, <er>Advert</er>. We
<xex>refer</xex> to a thing by specifically and distinctly
introducing it into our discourse. We <xex>allude</xex> to it by
introducing it indirectly or indefinitely, as by something
collaterally allied to it. We <xex>advert</xex> to it by turning
off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large. Thus,
Macaulay <xex>refers</xex> to the early condition of England at
the opening of his history; he <xex>alludes</xex> to these
statements from time to time; and <xex>adverts</xex>, in the
progress of his work, to various circumstances of pecullar
interest, on which for a time he dwells. \'bdBut to do good is .
. . that that Solomon chiefly <xex>refers</xex> to in the
text.\'b8 <au>Sharp</au>. \'bdThis, I doubt not, was that
artificial structure here <xex>alluded</xex> to.\'b8 <au>T.
Burnet</au>.</usage>

<q>Now to the universal whole <qex>advert</qex>:
The earth regard as of that whole a part.</q>
<qau>Blackmore.</qau>

<hw>Ref"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?f"?r*?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to
something else; assignable; ascribable.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>referrible</asp>.]</altsp>

<q>It is a question among philosophers, whether all the
attractions which obtain between bodies are <qex>referable</qex>
to one general cause.</q>
<qau>W. Nicholson.</qau>

<hw>Ref`er*ee"</hw> <pr>(-<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One to
whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute
has been referred, in order that he may settle it.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See <er>Judge</er>.</syn>

<hw>Ref"er*ence</hw> <pr>(r?f"?r-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of referring, or the state of being referred;
<as>as, <ex>reference</ex> to a chart for quidance</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which refers to something; a specific
direction of the attention; <as>as, a <ex>reference</ex> in a
text-book</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relation; regard; respect.</def>

<q>Something that hath a <qex>reference</qex> to my state.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, is referred to.</def>
Specifically; <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of whom inquires can be made
as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is
referred.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of
submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more
persons for decision.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Equity)</fld>
<def>The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause,
to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain
facts and report to the court.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Appeal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdMake your
full <xex>reference</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><col>Reference Bible</col>, <cd>a Bible in which brief
explanations, and references to parallel passages, are printed in
the margin of the text.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ref`er*en"da*ry</hw> <pr>(r?f`?r*?n"d?*r?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>referendarius</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>referendus</ets> to be referred, gerundive of
<ets>referre</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82f\'82rendaire</ets>. See
<er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One to whose decision a
cause is referred; a referee.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An officer who delivered the royal answer to
petitions.</def> \'bd<xex>Referendaries</xex>, or masters of
request.\'b8

<au>Harmar.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Formerly, an officer of state charged with the
duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ref`er*en"dum</hw> <pr>(r?f`?r*?n"d?m)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gerundive fr. L. <ets>referre</ets>. See
<er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A diplomatic agent's note
asking for instructions from his government concerning a
particular matter or point.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The right to approve or reject by popular vote a
meassure passed upon by a legislature.</def>

<hw>Ref`er*en"tial</hw> <pr>(-sh<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself;
<as>as, notes for <ex>referential</ex> use</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Ref`er*en"tial*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*fer"ment</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of referring; reference.</def>

<au>Laud.</au>

<-- p. 1207 -->

<hw>Re`*fer*ment"</hw> <pr>(r<?/`f<?/r*m<?/nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.
& i.</pos> <def>To ferment, or cause to ferment, again.</def>

<au>Blackmore.</au>

<hw>Re*fer"rer</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"r?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who refers.</def>

<hw>Re*fer"ri*ble</hw> <pr>(-r?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Referable.</def>

<au>Hallam.</au>

<hw>Re*fig"ure</hw> <pr>(r?*f?g"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To figure again.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*fill"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To fill, or become full, again.</def>

<hw>Re*find"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?nd)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
find again; to get or experience again.</def>

<au>Sandys.</au>

<hw>Re*fine"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Refined</er>
<pr>(-find")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Refining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + fine</ets>
to make fine: cf. F. <ets>raffiner</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from
impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from
extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; <as>as, to
<ex>refine</ex> gold or silver; to <ex>refine</ex> iron; to
<ex>refine</ex> wine or sugar.</as></def>

<q>I will bring the third part through the fire, and will
<qex>refine</qex> them as silver is <qex>refined</qex>.</q>
<qau>Zech. xiii. 9.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar,
inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to
polish; <as>as, to <ex>refine</ex> the manners, the language, the
style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral
feelings</as>.</def>

<q>Love <qex>refines</qex>
The thoughts, and heart enlarges.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.</syn>

<hw>Re*fine"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become
pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.</def>

<q>So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains,
Works itself clear, and, as it runs, <qex>refines</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or
excellence.</def>

<q>Chaucer <qex>refined</qex> on Boccace, and mended his
stories.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>But let a lord once own the happy lines,
How the wit brightens! How the style <qex>refines</qex>!</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or
language.</def> \'bdHe makes another paragraph about our
<xex>refining</xex> in controversy.\'b8

<au>Atterbury.</au>

<hw>Re*fined"</hw> <pr>(-f?nd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Freed
from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate;
as; <xex>refined</xex> gold; <xex>refined</xex> language;
<xex>refined</xex> sentiments.</def>

<q><qex>Refined</qex> wits who honored poesy with their pens.</q>
<qau>Peacham.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*fin"ed*ly</wf>
<pr>(r<?/*f<?/n"<?/d*l<?/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*fin"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*fine"ment</hw> <pr>(r?*f?n"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raffinement</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of refining, or the state of being
refined; <as>as, the <ex>refinement</ex> or metals;
<ex>refinement</ex> of ideas.</as></def>

<q>The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and
<qex>refinement</qex>, the more diffusive are they.</q>
<qau>Norris.</qau>

<q>From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the
corruptions in our language have not equaled its
<qex>refinements</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is refined, elaborated, or polished
to excess; an affected subtilty; <as>as, <ex>refinements</ex> of
logic</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>refinements</xex> of irregular
cunning.\'b8

<au>Rogers.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Purification; polish; politeness; gentility;
elegance; cultivation; civilization.</syn>

<hw>Re*fin"er</hw> <pr>(-f?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who, or that which, refines.</def>

<hw>Re*fin"er*y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Refineries</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>raffinerie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The building and
apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the
action of a blast on the molten metal.</def>

<hw>Re*fit"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after
damage or decay; <as>as, to <ex>refit</ex> a garment; to
<ex>refit</ex> ships of war.</as></def>

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fit out or supply a second time.</def>

<hw>Re*fit"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To obtain repairs or
supplies; <as>as, the fleet returned to
<ex>refit</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*fit"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.</def>

<hw>Re*fix"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?ks")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
fix again or anew; to establish anew.</def>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Re*flame"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?m")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
kindle again into flame.</def>

<hw>Re*flect"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reflected</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Reflecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>reflectere</ets>, <ets>reflexum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>flectere</ets> to bend or turn. See <er>Flexible</er>,
and cf. <er>Reflex</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
bend back; to give a backwa<?/d turn to; to throw back;
especially, to cause to return after striking upon any surface;
<as>as, a mirror <ex>reflects</ex> rays of light; polished metals
<ex>reflect</ex> heat.</as></def>

<q>Let me mind the reader to <qex>reflect</qex> his eye on our
quotations.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<q>Bodies close together <qex>reflect</qex> their own color.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give back an image or likeness of; to
mirror.</def>

<q>Nature is the glass <qex>reflecting</qex> God,
As by the sea <qex>reflected</qex> is the sun.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>

<hw>Re*flect"</hw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw
back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface;
to revert; to return.</def>

<q>Whose virtues will, I hope,
<qex>Reflect</qex> on Rome, as Titan's rays on earth.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To throw or turn back the thoughts upon
anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to
what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena
of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to
meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or
rules.</def>

<q>We can not be said to <qex>reflect</qex> upon any external
object, except so far as that object has been previously
perceived, and its image become part and parcel of our
intellectual furniture.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<q>All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at
all times, while they are awake, but there few who
<qex>reflect</qex> upon them, or make them objects of
thought.</q>
<qau>Reid.</qau>

<q>As I much <qex>reflected</qex>, much I mourned.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cast reproach; to cause censure or
dishonor.</def>

<q>Errors of wives <qex>reflect</qex> on husbands still.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Neither do I <qex>reflect</qex> in the least upon the memory
of his late majesty.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate;
ponder; muse; ruminate.</syn>

<hw>Re*flect"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Thrown back
after striking a surface; <as>as, <ex>reflected</ex> light, heat,
sound, etc.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Not one's own; received from another;
<as>as, his glory was <ex>reflected</ex> glory</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bent backward or outward; reflexed.</def>

<hw>Re*flect"ent</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?kt"<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reflectens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>reflectere</ets>. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Bending or flying back; reflected.</def> \'bdThe ray
descendent, and the ray <xex>reflectent</xex> flying with so
great a speed.\'b8

<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reflecting; <as>as, a <ex>reflectent</ex>
body</as>.</def>

<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>

<hw>Re*flect"i*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being reflected, or thrown back;
reflexible.</def>

<hw>Re*flect"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Throwing
back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to reflection or serious consideration;
reflective; contemplative; <as>as, a <ex>reflecting</ex>
mind</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reflecting circle</col>, <cd>an astronomical instrument
for measuring angless, like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by
the reflection of light from two plane mirrors which it carries,
and differing from the sextant chiefly in having an entire
circle.</cd> -- <col>Reflecting galvanometer</col>, <cd>a
galvanometer in which the deflections of the needle are read by
means of a mirror attached to it, which reflects a ray of light
or the image of a scale; -- called also <altname>mirror
galvanometer</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Reflecting goniometer</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Goniometer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reflecting
telescope</col>. <cd>See under <er>Telescope</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*flect"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With reflection;
also, with censure; reproachfully.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Re*flec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reflexio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82flexion</ets>. See
<er>Riflect</er>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also
<asp>reflexion</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reflecting, or turning or sending
back, or the state of being reflected.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like,
from a surface</def>. See <cref>Angle of reflection</cref>,
below.</def>

<q>The eye sees not itself,
But by <qex>reflection</qex>, by some other things.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The reverting of the mind to that which has
already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation;
contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind
by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity
for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or
standard</def>.

<q>By <qex>reflection</qex>, . . . I would be understood to mean,
that notice which the mind takes of its own operations, and the
manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these
operations in the understanding.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<q>This delight grows and improves under thought and
<qex>reflection</qex>.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shining; brightness, as of the sun.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is produced by reflection.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An image given back from a
reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart.</def>

<q>As the sun water we can bear,
Yet not the sun, but his <qex>reflection</qex>, there.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle;
as, the <xex>reflection</xex> of a membrane</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive
consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by
truth</def>.

<q>Job's <qex>reflections</qex> on his once flourishing estate
did at the same time afflict and encourage him.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Censure; reproach cast.</def>

<q>He died; and oh! may no <qex>reflection</qex> shed
Its poisonous venom on the royal dead.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The transference of an
excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve
cells, as in reflex action. See <cref>Reflex action</cref>, under
<er>Reflex</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of reflection</col>, <cd>the angle which anything,
as a ray of light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with
the perpendicular to the surface.</cd> -- <col>Angle of total
reflection</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Critical
angle</cref>, under <er>Critical</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation;
consideration; musing; thinking.</syn>

<hw>Re*flect"ive</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?kt"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82flectif</ets>. Cf.
<er>Reflexive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Throwing back images;
<as>as, a <ex>reflective</ex> mirror</as>.</def>

<q>In the <qex>reflective</qex> stream the sighing bride, viewing
her charms.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of exercising thought or judgment;
<as>as, <ex>reflective</ex> reason</as>.</def>

<au>Prior.</au>

<q>His perceptive and <qex>reflective</qex> faculties . . . thus
acquired a precocious and extraordinary development.</q>
<qau>Motley.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Addicted to introspective or meditative habits;
<as>as, a <ex>reflective</ex> person</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Reflexive; reciprocal.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*flect"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*flect"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
\'bd<xex>Reflectiveness</xex> of manner.\'b8

<au>J. C. Shairp.</au>

<hw>Re*flect"or</hw> <pr>(-<etil/r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>r\'82flecteur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or
that which, reflects.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Something
having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a
mirror, a speculum, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A reflecting
telescope.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A device for reflecting
sound.</def>

<hw>Re"flex</hw> <pr>(r?"fl?ks)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reflexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reflectere</ets>: cf. F. 
<ets>r\'82flexe</ets>. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive;
introspective.</def>

<q>The <qex>reflex</qex> act of the soul, or the turning of the
intellectual eye inward upon its own actions.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in
return.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or
produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary
intervention of consciousness.</def>

<cs><col>Reflex action</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>any
action performed involuntarily in consequence of an impulse or
impression transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve center,
from which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls
into action certain muscles, organs, or cells.</cd> --
<col>Reflex nerve</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>an
excito-motory nerve. See <er>Exito-motory</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re"flex</hw> <pr>(r?"fl?ks; <it>formerly</it>
r?*fl?ks")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexus</ets> a
bending back. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface
to one in shade.</def>

<q>Yon gray is not the morning's eye,
'Tis but the pale <qex>reflex</qex> of Cynthia's brow.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>On the depths of death there swims
The <qex>reflex</qex> of a human face.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An involuntary movement
produced by reflex action.</def>

<cs><col>Patellar reflex</col>. <cd>See <cref>Knee jerk</cref>,
under <er>Knee</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*flex"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?ks")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reflexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reflectere</ets>. See
<er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reflect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bend back; to turn back.</def>

<au>J. Gregory.</au>

<hw>Re*flexed"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?kst")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Bent backward or outward.</def>

<hw>Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?ks`?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82flexibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The quality or capability of being reflexible; <as>as, the
<ex>reflexibility</ex> of the rays of light</as>.</def>

<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>

<hw>Re*flex"i*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?ks"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[CF. F. <ets>r\'82flexible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of
being reflected, or thrown back.</def>

<q>The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible
and <qex>reflexible</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cheyne.</qau>

<hw>Re*flex"ion</hw> <pr>(-fl?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>See <er>Reflection</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*flex"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?ks"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The state or condition of being reflected.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*flex"ive</hw> <pr>(-?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82flexif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bending or
turned backward; reflective; having respect to something
past.</def>

<q>Assurance <qex>reflexive</qex> can not be a divine faith.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Implying censure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdWhat man does not resent an ugly <xex>reflexive</xex>
word?\'b8

<au>South.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having for its direct object
a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent;
-- said of certain verbs; <as>as, the witness <xex>perjured</xex>
himself; I <xex>bethought</xex> myself. Applied also to pronouns
of this class; reciprocal; reflective.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*flex"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*flex"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*flex"iv</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reflex manner;
reflectively.</def>

<hw>Re"float</hw> <pr>(r?"fl?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reflux;
ebb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re`flo*res"cence</hw> <pr>(r?`fl?*r?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blossoming anew of a plant
after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season.</def>

<hw>Re*flour"ish</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?r"?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t. &
i.</pos> <def>To flourish again.</def>

<hw>Re*flew"</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
flow back; to ebb.</def>

<hw>Re*flow"er</hw> <pr>(r<emac/*flou"<etil/r)</pr>, <pos>v. i. &
t.</pos> <def>To flower, or cause to flower, again.</def>

<au>Sylvester.</au>

<hw>Re*fluc`tu*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*fl?k`t?*?"sh?n; 135)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A flowing back; refluence.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ref"lu*ence</hw> <pr>(r?f"l?-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Ref"lu*en*cy</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being refluent; a flowing
back.</def>

<hw>Ref"lu*ent</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refluere</ets> to
flow back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.
See <er>Flurent</er>.]</ety> <def>Flowing back; returning;
ebbing.</def>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<q>And <qex>refluent</qex> through the pass of fear
The battle's tide was poured.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Ref"lu*eus</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>refluus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Refluent.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re"flux`</hw> <pr>(r?"fl?ks`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Returning, or flowing back; reflex; <as>as, <ex>reflux</ex>
action</as>.</def>

<hw>Re"flux`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reflux</ets>. See
<er>Refluent</er>, <er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowing back, as
the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; <as>as, the flux and
<ex>reflux</ex> of the tides</as>.</def>

<q>All from me
Shall with a fierce <qex>reflux</qex> on me redound.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*foc"il*late</hw> <pr>(r?*f?s"?l*l?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refocillatus</ets>, p. p. of
<ets>refocillare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>focillare</ets> to revive by warmth.]</ety> <def>To refresh;
to revive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Aubrey.</au>

<hw>Re*foc`il*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Restoration of strength by refreshment.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Middleton.</au>

<hw>Re*fold"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?ld")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
fold again.</def>

<hw>Re`fo*ment"</hw> <pr>(r?`f?*m<it>?</it>nt")</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To foment anew.</def>

<hw>Re*for`est*i*za`tion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r`?st*?*z?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of reforestizing.</def>

<hw>Re*for"est*ize</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"?st*?z)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To convert again into a forest; to plant again with
trees.</def>

<hw>Re*forge"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rj")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + forge</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>reforger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To forge again or anew; hence,
to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over.</def>

<au>Udall.</au>

<hw>Re*for"ger</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"j?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who reforges.</def>

<hw>Re*form"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82former</ets>, L. <ets>reformare</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>formare</ets> to form, from
<ets>forma</ets> form. See <er>Form</er>.]</ety> <def>To put into
a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good
state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better;
to amend; to correct; <as>as, to <ex>reform</ex> a profligate
man; to <ex>reform</ex> corrupt manners or morals.</as></def>

<q>The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age; but
that of a good one will not <qex>reform</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair;
better; improve; restore; reclaim.</syn>

<hw>Re*form"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To return to a good
state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; <as>as,
a man of settled habits of vice will seldom
<ex>reform</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*form"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82forme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Amendment of what is
defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; <as>as,
<ex>reform</ex> of elections; <ex>reform</ex> of
government.</as></def>

<cs><col>Civil service reform</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Civil</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reform acts</col> <fld>(Eng.
Politics)</fld>, <cd>acts of Parliament passed in 1832, 1867,
1884, 1885, extending and equalizing popular representation in
Parliament.</cd> -- <col>Reform school</col>, <cd>a school
established by a state or city government, for the confinement,
instruction, and reformation of juvenile offenders, and of young
persons of idle, vicious, and vagrant habits. <mark>[U.
S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction.
See <er>Reformation</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re-form"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm")</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Re-formed</er>
<pr>(-f?rmd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Re-forming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give a new form to; to
form anew; to take form again, or to take a new form; <as>as, to
<ex>re-form</ex> the line after a charge</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*form"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being reformed.</def>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<hw>Ref`or*made"</hw> <pr>(r?f`?r*m?d")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A reformado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ref`or*ma"do</hw> <pr>(-m?"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,
fr. <ets>reformar</ets>, L. <ets>reformare</ets>. SEe
<er>Reform</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A monk
of a reformed order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Weever.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his
command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*form"al*ize</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm"<it>a</it>l*?z)</pr>,
<pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To affect reformation; to pretend to
correctness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ref`or*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r?f`?r*m?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82formation</ets>, L.
<ets>reformatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to
better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything
vicious or corrupt; <as>as, the <ex>reformation</ex> of manners;
<ex>reformation</ex> of the age; <ex>reformation</ex> of
abuses</as>.</def>

<q>Satire lashes vice into <qex>reformation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<-- p. 1208 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, the
important religious movement commenced by Luther early in the
sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various
Protestant churches.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Reform; amendment; correction; rectification.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Reformation</er>, <er>Reform</er>.
<xex>Reformation</xex> is a more thorough and comprehensive
change than <xex>reform</xex>. It is applied to subjects that are
more important, and results in changes which are more lasting. A
<xex>reformation</xex> involves, and is followed by, many
particular <xex>reforms</xex>. \'bdThe pagan converts mention
this great <xex>reformation</xex> of those who had been the
greatest sinners, with that sudden and surprising change which
the Christian religion made in the lives of the most
profligate.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>. \'bdA variety of schemes,
founded in visionary and impracticable ideas of
<xex>reform</xex>, were suddenly produced.\'b8
<au>Pitt</au>.</usage>

<hw>Re`-for*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`f?r*m?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; <as>as,
the <ex>reformation</ex> of a column of troops into a hollow
square</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*form"a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm"?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Forming again; having the quality of renewing form;
reformatory.</def>

<au>Good.</au>

<hw>Re*form"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Tending to produce reformation; reformative.</def>

<hw>Re*form"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <def>An institution for
promoting the reformation of offenders.</def>

<q>Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to
<qex>reformatories</qex> instead of to prisons.</q>
<qau>Eng. Cyc.</qau>

<hw>Re*formed"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rmd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Corrected; amended; restored to purity or
excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant
churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more
restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the
doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation,
as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches
founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of
Germany, were called the <xex>Reformed churches</xex>.</def>

<q>The town was one of the strongholds of the <qex>Reformed</qex>
faith.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Amended in character and life; <as>as, a
<ex>reformed</ex> gambler or drunkard</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Retained in service on half or
full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said
of an officer.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Re*form"er</hw> <pr>(r?*f?rm"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who effects a reformation or amendment; one
who labors for, or urges, reform; <as>as, a <ex>reformer</ex> of
manners, or of abuses</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those who
commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century,
as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin.</def>

<hw>Re*form"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82formiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A reformer.</def>

<hw>Re*form"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a
reform; for the purpose of reform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r`t?*f?*k?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A fortifying anew, or a second time.</def>

<au>Mitford.</au>

<hw>Re*for"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"t?*f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To fortify anew.</def>

<hw>Re*fos"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refodere</ets>, <ets>refossum</ets>, to dig up
again. See <er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of digging up
again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Re*found"</hw> <pr>(r?*found")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + found</ets> to cast; cf. F.
<ets>refondare</ets>. Cf. <er>Refund</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To found or cast anew.</def> \'bdAncient bells
<xex>refounded</xex>.\'b8

<au>T. Warton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To found or establish again; to
re<?/stablish.</def>

<hw>Re*found"</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Refind</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>

<hw>Re*found"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
refounds.</def>

<hw>Re*fract"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr$kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Refracted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Refracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>refractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refringere</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>frangere</ets> to break: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82fracter</ets>. SEe <er>FRacture</er>, and cf.
<er>Refrain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend
sharply and abruptly back; to break off.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break the natural course of, as rays of light
orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of
different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an
action distinct from reflection; <as>as, a dense medium
<ex>refrcts</ex> the rays of light as they pass into it from a
rare medium</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*fract"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being refracted.</def>

<hw>Re*fract"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot. &
Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken;
<as>as, a <ex>refracted</ex> stem or leaf</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Turned from a direct course by refraction;
<as>as, <ex>refracted</ex> rays of light</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*fract"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving or tending to
refract; <as>as, a <ex>refracting</ex> medium</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Refracting angle of a prism</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>,
<cd>the angle of a triangular prism included between the two
sides through which the refracted beam passes in the
decomposition of light.</cd> -- <col>Refracting telescope</col>.
<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Telescope</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*frac"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82fraction</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The change in the direction of ray of light,
heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a
different density from that through which it has previously
moved.</def>

<q><qex>Refraction</qex> out of the rarer medium into the denser,
is made towards the perpendicular.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The change in
the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the
apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates,
arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence
distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical
refraction</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The correction which is to be
deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account
of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true
altitude.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of refraction</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the
angle which a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the
surface separating the two media traversed by the ray.</cd> --
<col>Conical refraction</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the
refraction of a ray of light into an infinite number of rays,
forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a ray of light is passed
through crystals of some substances, under certain circumstances.
Conical refraction is of two kinds; <xex>external conical
refraction<xex>, in which the ray issues from the crystal in the
form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence;
and <xex>internal conical refraction<xex>, in which the ray is
changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from
which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular
phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by
mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by experiment.</cd> --
<col>Differential refraction</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the
change of the apparent place of one object relative to a second
object near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required
to be made to the observed relative places of the two
bodies.</cd> -- <col>Double refraction</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>,
<cd>the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two
distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by
all crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial
crystal is said to be <xex>optically positive<xex> (like quartz),
or <xex>optically negative<xex> (like calcite), or to have
<xex>positive<xex>, or <xex>negative<xex>, <xex>double
refraction<xex>, according as the optic axis is the axis of least
or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly
designated when the same relation holds for the acute
bisectrix.</cd> -- <col>Index of refraction</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Index</er>.</cd> -- <col>Refraction circle</col>
<fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument provided with a graduated
circle for the measurement of refraction.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Refraction of latitude</col>, <col>longitude</col>,
<col>declination</col>, <col>right ascension</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc., the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc.,
of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric
refraction.</cd> -- <col>Terrestrial refraction</col>, <cd>the
change in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the
earth's surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the
passage of light from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of
varying density.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*fract"ive</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?kt"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82fractif</ets>. See
<er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving or having power to refract,
or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; <as>as,
<ex>refractive</ex> surfaces; <ex>refractive</ex>
powers.</as></def>

<cs><col>Refractive index</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Index of refraction</cref>, under <er>Index</er>.</cd> --
<col>Absolute refractive index</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the
index of refraction of a substances when the ray passes into it
from a vacuum.</cd> -- <col>Relative refractive index</col> (of
two media) <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio of the sine of the
angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a
ray passing out of one of the media into the other.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*fract"ive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
condition of being refractive.</def>

<hw>Re`frac*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(r?`fr?k*t?m"?*t?r)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Refraction</ets> +
<ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A contrivance
for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light.</def>

<hw>Re*fract"or</hw> <pr>(r<?/-fr<?/kt"<?/r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Anything that refracts</def>; specifically:
<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A refracting telescope, in which the image
to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing
through a convex lens</def>.

<hw>Re*frac"to*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?k"t?*r?*l?)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a refractory manner; perversely;
obstinately.</def>

<hw>Re*frac"to*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
condition of being refractory.</def>

<hw>Re*frac"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>refractorius</ets>, fr. <ets>refringere</ets>: cf.  F.
<ets>refractaire</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn;
unmanageable; <as>as, a <ex>refractory</ex> child; a
<ex>refractory</ex> beast</as>.</def>

<q>Raging appetites that are
Most disobedient and <qex>refractory</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of
fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and
the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer;
<as>as, a <ex>refractory</ex> ore</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate;
unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.</syn>

<hw>Re*frac"to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
refractory person.</def>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Refractoriness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Jer. TAylor.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>O<xex>Pottery</xex>) A piece of ware covered
with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a
glaze to the other articles.</def>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Re*frac"ture</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?k"t?r;135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A second breaking (as of a badly set
bone) by the surgeon.</def>

<hw>Re*frac"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>
<def>To break again, as a bone.</def>

<hw>Ref"ra*ga*ble</hw> <pr>(r?f"r?*g?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>refragabilis</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>refragari</ets>
to oppose.]</ety> <def>Capable of being refuted; refutable.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wf>Ref`*ra*ga*bil"i*ty</wf>
<pr>(-b<?/l`<?/*t<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<hw>Ref"ra*gate</hw> <pr>(-g?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>refragatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refragor</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To oppose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Glanvill.</au>

<hw>Re*frain"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Refrained</er>
<pr>(-fr?nd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb/ n.</pos>
<er>Refraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>refreinen</ets>,
OF. <ets>refrener</ets>, F. <ets>refr<?/ner</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>refrenare</ets>; influenced by OF. <ets>refraindre</ets> to
restrain, moderate, fr. LL.  <ets>refrangere</ets>, for L.
<ets>refringere</ets> to break up, break (see <er>Refract</er>).
L. <ets>refrenare</ets> is fr. pref. <ets>re-</ets> back +
<ets>frenum</ets> bridle; cf. Skr. <ets>dh<?/</ets> to
hold.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hold back; to restrain; to keep
within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern.</def>

<q>His reson <qex>refraineth</qex> not his foul delight or
talent.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q><qex>Refrain</qex> thy foot from their path.</q>
<qau>Prov. i. 15.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To abstain from</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other
counsel than to <qex>refrain</qex> cold drink.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>

<hw>Re*frain"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To keep one's self from
action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to
abstain.</def>

<q><qex>Refrain</qex> from these men, and let them alone.</q>
<qau>Acts v. 38.</qau>

<q>They <qex>refrained</qex> therefrom [eating flesh] some time
after.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.</syn>

<hw>Re*frain"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>refrain</ets>,
fr. OF. <ets>refraindre</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>refranhs</ets> a
refrain, <ets>refranher</ets> to repeat. See
<er>Refract</er>,<er>Refrain</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>The
burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of
each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic
composition.</def>

<q>We hear the wild <qex>refrain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Whittier.</qau>

<hw>Re*frain"er</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who refrains.</def>

<hw>Re*frain"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Act of refraining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*frame"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?m)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
frame again or anew.</def>

<hw>Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?n`j?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82frangibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being
refrangible.</def>

<hw>Re*fran"gi*ble</hw> <pr>(-fr?n"j?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82frangible</ets>. See
<er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being refracted, or
turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to
another, as rays of light.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*fran"gi*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ref`re*na"tion</hw> <pr>(r?f`r?*n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refrenatio</ets>. See <er>Refrain</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of refraining.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*fresh"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?sh")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Refreshed</er>
<pr>(-fr?sht")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Refreshing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>refreshen</ets>,
<ets>refreschen</ets>, OF. <ets>refreschir</ets> (cf. OF.
<ets>rafraischir</ets>, <ets>rafreschir</ets>, F. 
<ets>rafra<?/chir</ets>); pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>fres</ets> fresh. F. <ets>frais</ets>. See <er>Fresh</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make fresh again; to
restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve
from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to
reanimate; <as>as, sleep <ex>refreshes</ex> the body and the
mind</as>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Foer they have <qex>refreshed</qex> my spirit and yours.</q>
<qau>1 Cor. xvi. 18.</qau>

<q>And labor shall <qex>refresh</qex> itself with hope.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make as if new; to repair; to restore.</def>

<q>The rest <qex>refresh</qex> the scaly snakes that fol<?/
The shield of Pallas, and renew their gold.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<cs><col>To refresh the memory</col>, <cd>to quicken or
strengthen it, as by a reference, review, memorandum, or
suggestion.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate;
renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.</syn>

<hw>Re*fresh"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
refreshing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Daniel.</au>

<hw>Re*fresh"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, refreshes.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An extra fee paid to counsel in
a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that
is unusually protracted.</def>

<q>Ten guineas a day is the highest <qex>refresher</qex> which a
counsel can charge.</q>
<qau>London Truth.</qau>

<hw>Re*fresh"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
power to refresh; refreshing.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*fresh"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*fresh"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reviving;
reanimating.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*fresh"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*fresh"ing*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*fresh"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[CF. OF. <ets>refreschissement</ets>, F.
<ets>rafra<icir/chissement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act
of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of
strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering;
new life or animation after depression.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which refreshes; means of restoration or
reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.</def>

<hw>Re*fret"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>refret</ets>, L. <ets>refractus</ets>, p. p. See
<er>Refrain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Refract</er>.]</ety>
<def>Refrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bailey.</au>

<hw>Re*freyd"</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[OF. <ets>refreidier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To chill; to
cool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q><qex>Refreyded</qex> by sickness . . . or by cold drinks.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Ref`ri*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?f`r?*k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refricare</ets> to rub again.]</ety> <def>A rubbing
up afresh; a brightening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>A continual <qex>refrication</qex> of the memory.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>

<hw>Re*frig"er*ant</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?j"?r-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refrigerans</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>refrigerare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82frig\'82rant</ets>. See
<er>Refrigerate</er>.]</ety> <def>Cooling; allaying heat or
fever.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*frig"er*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which makes to
be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for
allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also
figuratively.</def> <au>Holland</au>. \'bdA
<xex>refrigerant</xex> to passion.\'b8

<au>Blair.</au>

<hw>Re*frig"er*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Refrigerated</er>
<pr>(-?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Refrigerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>refrigeratus</ets>, p. p. cf. <ets>refrigerare</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>grigerare</ets> to make cool, fr.
<ets>fragus</ets>, <ets>frigoris</ets>, coolness. See
<er>Frigid</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to become cool; to make or
keep cold or cool.</def>

<hw>Re*frig`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82frig\'82ration</ets>, L. 
<ets>refrigeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of
refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.</def>

<hw>Re*frig"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?j"?r*?*t?v)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82frig\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Cooling; allaying heat.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
refrigerant.</def></def2>

<q>Crazed brains should come under a <qex>refrigerative</qex>
treatment.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<hw>Re*frig"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(-?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps
cool.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A box or room for
keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of
ice</def>.<-- now by a mechanical cooling mechanism. -->
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids
or vapors, connected with a still, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Refrigerator car</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a
freight car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation
of fresh meats, fish, etc., in a temperature kept cool by
ice.</cd></cs><-- or by mechanical refrigeration -->

<hw>Re*frig"er*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refrigeratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mitigating heat;
cooling.</def>

<hw>Re*frig"er*a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(-fr<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[CF. F.
<ets>r\'82frig\'82ratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which
refrigerates or cools.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In
distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the
worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice
machine.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ref`ri*ge"ri*um</hw> <pr>(r?f`r?*j?"r?*?m)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Cooling refreshment;
refrigeration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>South.</au>

<hw>Re*frin"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*fr?n"j<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The power possessed by a substance to refract
a ray; <as>as, different substances have different
<ex>refringencies</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Nichol.</au>

<hw>Re*frin"gent</hw> <pr>(-j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refringens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refringere</ets>.
See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or possessing,
refringency; refractive; refracting; <as>as, a
<ex>refringent</ex> prism of spar</as>.</def>

<au>Nichol.</au>

<hw>Reft</hw> <pr>(r?ft)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <mord>of
<er>Reave</er></mord>. <def>Bereft.</def>

<q><qex>Reft</qex> of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn.</q>
<qau>Heber.</qau>

<hw>Reft</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chink; a rift. See
<er>Rift</er>.</def>

<au>Rom. of R.</au>

<hw>Ref"uge</hw> <pr>(r?f"?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82fuge</ets>, L. <ets>refugium</ets>, fr.
<ets>refugere</ets> to flee back; pref. <ets>re- + figere</ets>.
SEe <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Shelter or protection from danger or
distress.</def>

<q>Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these
Find place or <qex>refuge</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for
<qex>refuge</qex> to lay hold upon the hope set before us.</q>
<qau>Heb. vi. 18.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which shelters or protects from danger, or
from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its
strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness;
a place inaccessible to an enemy.</def>

<q>The high hills are a <qex>refuge</qex>r the wild goats.</q>
<qau>Ps. civ. 18.</qau>

<q>The Lord also will be a <qex>refuge</qex> for the
oppressed.</q>
<qau>Ps. ix. 9.</qau>

<-- p. 1209 -->

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An expedient to secure protection or defense; a
device or contrivance.</def>

<q>Their latest <qex>refuge</qex>
Was to send him.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Light must be supplied, among graceful<qex>refuges</qex>, by
terracing <?/<?/<?/ story in danger of darkness.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>

<cs><col>Cities of refuge</col> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld>,
<cd>certain cities appointed as places of safe refuge for persons
who had committed homicide without design. Of these there were
three on each side of Jordan. <au>Josh. xx</au>.</cd> --
<col>House of refuge</col>, <cd>a charitable institution for
giving shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or
tempted.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.</syn>

<hw>Ref"uge</hw> <pr>(r?f"?j)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
shelter; to protect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ref`u*gee"</hw> <pr>(r?f`?*j?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82fugi\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>se r\'82fugier</ets> to take
refuge. See <er>Refuge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, one who, in times of persecution or
political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for
safety; <as>as, the French <ex>refugees</ex> who left France
after the revocation of the edict of Nantes</as>.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*ful"gence</hw> <pr>(r?*f?l"j<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*ful"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(-j<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refulgentia</ets>. See
<er>Refulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being refulgent;
brilliancy; splender; radiance.</def>

<hw>Re*ful"gent</hw> <pr>(r?*f?l"j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>refulgens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>refulgere</ets> to flash back, to shine bright; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine. See
<er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Casting a bright light; radiant;
brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; <as>as,
<ex>refulgent</ex> beams</as>. --
<wordforms><wf>Re*ful"gent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<q>So conspicuous and <qex>refulgent</qex> a truth.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>

<hw>Re*fund"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + fund</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fund again or
anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; <as>as, to
<ex>refund</ex> a railroad loan</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*fund"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>refundere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>fundere</ets> to pour: cf. F. <ets>refondre</ets>,
<ets>refonder</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er> to melt, and cf.
<er>Refound</er> to cast again, 1st <er>Refuse</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To pour back.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<q>Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they
would <qex>refund</qex> that color upon the object.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give back; to repay; to restore.</def>

<q>A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced
to <qex>refund</qex> what he had wrongfully taken.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To supply again with funds; to reimburse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*fund"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
refunds.</def>

<hw>Re*fund"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><def>The act of refunding; also, that which is
refunded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Lamb.</au>

<hw>Re*fur"bish</hw> <pr>(r?*f?r"b?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To furbish anew.</def>

<hw>Re*fur"nish</hw> <pr>(-n?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
furnish again.</def>

<hw>Ref*fur"nish*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of refurnishing, or state of being
refurnished.</def>

<q>The <qex>refurnishment</qex> was in a style richer than
before.</q>
<qau>L. Wallace.</qau>

<hw>Re*fus"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*f?z"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>refusable</ets>. See <er>Refuse</er>.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.</def>

<hw>Re*fus"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of refusing; denial of anything
demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance.</def>

<q>Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels,
On my <qex>refusal</qex>, to distress me more?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The right of taking in preference to others; the
choice of taking or refusing; option; <as>as, to give one the
<ex>refusal</ex> of a farm; to have the <ex>refusal</ex> of an
employment</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*fuse"</hw> <pr>(r?*f?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Refused</er>
<pr>(-f?zd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Refusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>refuser</ets>,
either from (assumed) LL. <ets>refusare</ets> to refuse, v. freq.
of L.  <ets>refundere</ets> to pour back, give back, restore (see
<er>Refund</er> to repay), or. fr. L. <ets>recusare</ets> to
decline, refuse cf. <er>Accuse</er>, <er>Ruse</er>), influenced
by L. <ets>refutare</ets> to drive back, repel, refute. Cf.
<er>Refute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deny, as a request,
demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant.</def>

<q>That never yet <qex>refused</qex> your hest.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To throw back, or cause to
keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular
aligment when troops ar<?/ about to engage the enemy; <as>as, to
<ex>refuse</ex> the right wing while the left wing
attacks</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the
request or petition of; <as>as, to <ex>refuse</ex> a
suitor</as>.</def>

<q>The cunning workman never doth <qex>refuse</qex>
The meanest tool that he may chance to use.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To disown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Refuse</xex> thy name.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*fuse"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To deny compliance; not
to comply.</def>

<q>Too proud to ask, too humble to <qex>refuse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Garth.</qau>

<q>If ye <qex>refuse</qex> . . . ye shall be devoured with the
sword.</q>
<qau>Isa. i. 20.</qau>

<hw>Re*fuse"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Refusal.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fairfax.</au>

<hw>Ref`use</hw> <pr>(r?f"?s;277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>refus</ets> refusal, also, that which is refused. See
<er>Refuse</er> to deny.]</ety> <def>That which is refused or
rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.</syn>

<hw>Ref"use</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Refused; rejected; hence;
left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless.</def>

<q>Everything that was vile and <qex>refuse</qex>, that they
destroyed utterly.</q>
<qau>1. Sam. xv. 9.</qau>

<hw>Re*fus"er</hw> <pr>(r?*f?z"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who refuses or rejects.</def>

<hw>Re*fu"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*f?"zh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-+ fusion</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>New or repeated melting, as of metals.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Restoration.</def> \'bdThis doctrine of the
<xex>refusion</xex> of the soul.\'b8

<au>Bp. Warbuton.</au>

<hw>Ref"ul</hw> <pr>(r?f"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>refuite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Refuge.</def> \'bdThou haven of
<xex>refut</xex>.\'b8 <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t`?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being refutable.</def>

<hw>Re*fut"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t"?*b'l;277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82futable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of
being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or
erroneous.</def>

<hw>Re*fut"al</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Act of refuting; refutation.</def>

<hw>Ref`u*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r?f`?*t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refutatio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82futation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of
refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of
falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion,
testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing
proof.</def>

<q>Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a
<qex>refutation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Re*fut"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*f?t"?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>refutatorius</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82futatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending tu refute;
refuting.</def>

<hw>Re*fute"</hw> <pr>(r?*F3t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Refuted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Refuting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82futer</ets>, L. <ets>refuteare</ets> to repel, refute.
Cf. <er>Confute</er>, <er>Refuse</er> to deny.]</ety> <def>To
disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing
proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; <as>as, to
<ex>refute</ex> arguments; to <ex>refute</ex> testimony; to
<ex>refute</ex> opinions or theories; to <ex>refute</ex> a
disputant.</as></def>

<q>There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is
impossible to <qex>refute</qex> such multitudes.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To confute; disprove. See <er>Confute</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*fut"er</hw> <pr>(-f?t"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who, or that which, refutes.</def>

<hw>Re*gain"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + gain</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>regagner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To gain anew; to get again; to
recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.</syn>

<hw>Re"gal</hw> <pr>(r?"g<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>regalis</ets>, fr. <ets>rex</ets>,
<ets>regis</ets>, a king. See <er>Royal</er>, and cf.
<er>Rajah</er>, <er>Realm</er>, <er>Regalia</er>.]</ety> <def>Of
or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; <as>as, <ex>regal</ex>
authority, pomp, or sway</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>regal</xex>
title.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>He made a scorn of his <qex>regal</qex> oath.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Kingly; royal. See <er>Kingly</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re"gal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82gale</ets>, It.
<ets>regale</ets>. CF. <er>Rigoll</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows
being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*ga"le</hw> <pr>(r?*g?"l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>regale</ets>, pl. <ets>regalia</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>regalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gale</ets>. See
<er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <def>A prerogative of royalty.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<hw>Re*gale"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Regaled</er>
<pr>(-g?ld")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Regaling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82galer</ets>,
Sp. <ets>regalar</ets> to regale, to caress, to melt, perhaps fr.
L. <ets>regalare</ets> to thaw (cff. <er>Gelatin</er>), or cf.
Sp. <ets>gala</ets> graceful, pleasing address, choicest part of
a thing (cf. <er>Gala</er>), or most likely from OF.
<ets>galer</ets> to rejoice, <ets>gale</ets> pleasure.]</ety>
<def>To enerta<?/n in a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain
with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh; <as>as, to
<ex>regale</ex> the taste, the eye, or the ear</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*gale"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To feast; t<?/ fare
sumtuously.</def>

<hw>Re*gale"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82gal</ets>.
See <er>Regale</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A sumptuous
repast; a banquet.</def>

<au>Johnson. Cowper.</au>

<q>Two baked custards were produced as additions to the
<qex>regale</qex>.</q>
<qau>E. E. Hale.</qau>

<hw>Re*gale"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment;
entertainment.</def>

<hw>Re*gal"er</hw> <pr>(-g?l"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
regales.</def>

<hw>Re*ga"li*a</hw> <pr>(r?*g?"l?*?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[LL., from L. <ets>regalis</ets>regal. See
<er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which belongs to
royalty. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> The rights and prerogatives
of a king. <sd>(b)</sd> Royal estates and revenues. <sd>(c)</sd>
Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or
order, as of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sumptuous food; delicacies.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Cotton.</au>

<cs><col>Regalia of a church</col>, <cd>the privileges granted to
it by kings; sometimes, its patrimony.</cd></cs>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<hw>Re*ga"li*a</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of cigar of large
size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars
are classed.</def>

<hw>Re*ga"li*an</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or
prerogatives.</def>

<au>Hallam.</au>

<hw>Re"gal*ism</hw> <pr>(r?"g<it>a</it>l*?z'm)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The doctrine of royal prerogative or
supremacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Cardinal Manning.</au>

<hw>Re*gal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*g?l"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>regalitas</ets>, from L. <ets>regalis</ets> regal,
royal. See <er>Regal</er>, and cf. <er>Royality</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Royalty; ssovereignty; sovereign
jurisdiction.</def>

<q>[Passion] robs reason of her due <qex>regalitie</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage in all
points of <qex>regality</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ensign or badge of royalty.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re"gal*ly</hw> <pr>(r?"g<it>a</it>l*l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>In a regal or royal manner.</def>

<hw>Re*gard"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Regarded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Regarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>regarder</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>garder</ets>
to guard, heed, keep. See <er>Guard</er>, and cf.
<er>Reward</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep in view; to
behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon.</def>

<q>Your niece <qex>regards</qex> me with an eye of favor.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to look or front toward; to face.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>It is peninsula which <qex>regardeth</qex> the mainland.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>

<q>That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the ass<?/ent of a hill,
flanked with wood and <qex>regarding</qex> the river.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To look closely at; to observe attentively; to
pay attention to; to notice or remark particularly.</def>

<q>If much you note him,
You offened him; . . . feed, and <qex>regard</qex> him not.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold
as an popinion; to consider; <as>as, to <ex>regard</ex>
abstinence from wine as a duty; to <ex>regard</ex> another as a
friend or enemy.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling
toward; <as>as, to <ex>regard</ex> one with favor or
dislike</as>.</def>

<q>His associates seem to have <qex>regarded</qex> him with
kindness.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To pay respect to; to treat as something of
peculiar value, sanctity, or the like; to care for; to
esteem.</def>

<q>He that <qex>regardeth</qex> thae day, <qex>regardeth</qex> it
into the LOrd.</q>
<qau>Rom. xiv. 6.</qau>

<q>Here's Beaufort, that <qex>regards</qex> nor God nor king.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To take into consideration; to take account of,
as a fact or condition.</def> \'bdNether <xex>regarding</xex>
that she is my child, nor fearing me as if II were her
father.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>To have relation to, as bearing upon; to
respect; to relate to; to touch; <as>as, an argument does not
<ex>regard</ex> the question</as>; -- often used impersonally;
<as>as, I agree with you as <ex>regards</ex> this or
that</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To consider; observe; remark; heed; mind; respect;
esteem; estimate; value. See <er>Attend</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*gard"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
look attentively; to consider; to notice.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*gard"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>regard</ets> See
<er>Regard</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A look;
aspect directed to another; view; gaze.</def>

<q>But her, with stern <qex>regard</qex>, he thus repelled.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attention of the mind with a feeling of
interest; observation; heed; notice.</def>

<q>Full many a lady
I have eyed with best <qex>regard</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That view of the mind which springs from
perception of value, estimable qualities, or anything that
excites admiration; respect; esteem; reverence; affection;
<as>as, to have a high <ex>regard</ex> for a person</as>; --
often in the plural.</def>

<q>He has rendered himself worthy of their most favorable
<qex>regards</qex>.</q>
<qau>A. Smith.</qau>

<q>Save the long-sought <qex>regards</qex> of woman, nothing is
sweeter than those marks of childish preference.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>State of being regarded, whether favorably or
otherwise; estimation; repute; note; account.</def>

<q>A man of meanest <qex>regard</qex> amongst them, neither
having wealth or power.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Consideration; thought; reflection; heed.</def>

<q>Sad pause and deep <qex>regard</qex> become the sage.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Matter for conssideration; account;
condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdReason full of good
<xex>regard</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Respect; relation; reference.</def>

<q>Persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, with
<qex>regard</qex> to themselves; in justice and goodness with
<qex>regard</qex> to their neighbors; and piefy toward God.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<note><hand/ The phrase <xex>in regard of</xex> was formerly used
as equivalent in meaning to <xex>on account of</xex>, but in
modern usage is often improperly substituted for <xex>in respect
to</xex>, or <xex>in regard to</xex>.</note>

<au>G. P. Marsh.</au>

<q>Change was thought necessary <qex>in regard of</qex> the
injury the church did receive by a number of things then in
use.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<q><qex>In regard of</qex> its security, it had a great advantage
over the bandboxes.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Object of sight; scene; view; aspect.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Throw out our eyes for brave Othello,
Even till we make the main and the a\'89rial blue
An indistinct <qex>regard</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>Supervision;
inspection.</def>

<cs><col>At regard of</col>, <cd>in consideration of; in
comparison with. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdBodily penance is but
short and little <xex>at regard of<xex> the pains of hell.\'b8
<au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>Court of regard</col>, <cd>a
forest court formerly held in England every third year for the
lawing, or expeditation, of dogs, to prevent them from running
after deer; -- called also <altname>survey of dogs</altname>.
<au>Blackstone</au>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Respect; consideration; notice; observance; heed;
care; concern; estimation; esteem; attachment; reverence.</syn>

<hw>Re*gard"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded;
observable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*gard"ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>regardant</ets>, fr. <ets>regarder</ets>. See
<er>Regard</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>regardant</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Looking behind;
looking backward watchfully.</def>

<q>[He] turns thither his <qex>regardant</qex> eye.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Looking behind or backward;
<as>as, a lion <ex>regardant</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>Annexed to the land or
manor; <as>as, a villain <ex>regardant</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*gard"er</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rd"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who regards.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Forest law)</fld> <def>An officer
appointed to supervise the forest.</def>

<au>Cowell.</au>

<hw>Re*gard"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heedful;
attentive; observant.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*gard"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<q>Let a man be very tender and <qex>regardful</qex> of every
pious motion made by the Spirit of God to his heart.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Mindful; heedful; attentive; observant.</syn>

<hw>Re*gard"ing</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Concerning;
respecting.</def>

<hw>Re*gard"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no
regard; heedless; careless; <as>as, <ex>regardless</ex> of life,
consequences, dignity</as>.</def>

<q><qex>Regardless</qex> of the bliss wherein he sat.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not regarded; slighted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Spectator.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Heedless; negligent; careless; indifferent;
unconcerned; inattentive; unobservant; neglectful.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*gard"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*gard"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*gath"er</hw> <pr>(r?*g?th"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To gather again.</def>

<hw>Re*gat"ta</hw> <pr>(r?*g?t"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Regattas</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It.
<ets>regatta</ets>, <ets>regata</ets>.]</ety> <def>Originally, a
gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing race, or a
series of such races.</def>

<hw>Re"gel</hw> <pr>(r?"g?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rigel</er>.</def>

<hw>Re"ge*late</hw> <pr>(r?"j?*l?t <or/ r?j"?-)</pr>, <pos>v.
i.</pos> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>To freeze together again; to
undergo regelation, as ice.</def>

<hw>Re`ge*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>gelatio</ets> a
freezing.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The act or process of
freezing anew, or together,as two pieces of ice.</def>

<note><hand/ Two pieces of ice at (or even) 32<?/ Fahrenheit,
with moist surfaces, placed in contact, freeze together to a
rigid mass. This is called <xex>regelation</xex>.</note>

<au>Faraday.</au>

<hw>Re"gence</hw> <pr>(r?"j<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Hudibras.</au>

<hw>Re"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*j<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Regencies</plw> <pr>(-s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[CF.
F. <ets>r\'82gence</ets>, LL. <ets>regentia</ets>. See
<er>Regent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The office
of ruler; rule; authority; government.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or
dominion of a regent or vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents;
deputed or vicarious government.</def>

<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A body of men intrusted with vicarious
government; <as>as, a <ex>regency</ex> constituted during a
king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or other
disability</as>.</def>

<q>A council or <qex>regency</qex> consisting of twelve
persons.</q>
<qau>Lowth.</qau>

<hw>Re*gen"er*a*cy</hw> <pr>(r?*j?n"?r*?*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Regenerate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being
regenerated.</def>

<au>Hammond.</au>

<hw>Re*gen"er*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regeneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>regenerare</ets> to
regenerate; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>generare</ets> to
beget. See <er>Generate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Reproduced.</def>

<q>The earthly author of my blood,
Whose youthful spirit, in me <qex>regenerate</qex>,
Doth with a twofold vigor lift me up.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Born anew; become Christian;
renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual
state.</def>

<-- p. 1210 -->

<hw>Re*gen"er*ate</hw> <pr>(r?*j?n"?r*?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to
give new life, strength, or vigor to.</def>

<q>Through all the soil a genial fferment spreads.
<qex>Regenerates</qex> the plauts, and new adorns the meads.</q>
<qau>Blackmore.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To cause to be spiritually
born anew; to cause to become a Christian; to convert from sin to
holiness; to implant holy affections in the heart of.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to make a radical change for the better
in the character or condition of; <as>as, to <ex>regenerate</ex>
society</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*gen"er*ate*ness</hw> <pr>(-?t*n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being rgenerate.</def>

<hw>Re*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>regeneratio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82g\'82neration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
regenerating, or the state of being regenerated.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The entering into a new
spiritual life; the act of becoming, or of being made, Christian;
that change by which holy affectations and purposes are
substituted for the opposite motives in the heart.</def>

<q>He saved us by the washing of <qex>regeneration</qex>, and
renewing of the Holy Chost.</q>
<qau>Tit. iii. 5.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The reproduction of a part
which has been removed or destroyed; re-formation; -- a process
especially characteristic of a many of the lower animals; <as>as,
the <ex>regeneration</ex> of lost feelers, limbs, and claws by
spiders and crabs</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., which have been
used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of life; <as>as,
the continual <ex>regeneration</ex> of the epithelial cells of
the body, or the <ex>regeneration</ex> of the contractile
substance of muscle</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The union of
parts which have been severed, so that they become anatomically
perfect; <as>as, the <ex>regeneration</ex> of a nerve</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*gen"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*j?n"?r*?*t?v)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to
regenerate; <as>as, <ex>regenerative</ex> influences</as>.</def>

<au>H. Bushnell.</au>

<cs><col>Regenerative furnace</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a
furnace having a regenerator in which gas used for fuel, and air
for supporting combustion, are heated; a Siemens
furnace.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*gen"er*a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to
regenerate.</def>

<hw>Re*gen"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(-?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, regenerates.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A device used in connection
with hot-air engines, gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the
incoming air or gas is heated by being brought into contact with
masses of iron, brick, etc., which have been previously heated by
the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas.</def>

<hw>Re*gen"er*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having power to renew; tending to reproduce;
regenerating.</def>

<au>G. S. Faber.</au>

<hw>Re*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(-?*s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>New
birth; renewal.</def>

<q>A continued <qex>regenesis</qex> of dissenting sects.</q>
<qau>H. Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Re"gent</hw> <pr>(r?"j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>regens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>regere</ets> to rule: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gent</ets>. See
<er>Regiment</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ruling; governing;
regnant.</def> \'bdSome other active <xex>regent</xex> principle
. . . which we call the soul.\'b8

<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exercising vicarious authority.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<cs><col>Queen regent</col>. <cd>See under <er>Queen</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>

<hw>Re"gent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82gent</ets>.
See <er>Regent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, one invested with vicarious
authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or
disability of the sovereign.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer;
a superintendent; a curator; <as>as, the <ex>regents</ex> of the
Smithsonian Institution</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng.Univ.)</fld> <def>A resident master of arts
of less than five years' standing, or a doctor of less than twwo.
They were formerly privileged to lecture in the schools.</def>

<cs><col>Regent bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful
Australian bower bird (<spn>Sericulus melinus</spn>). The male
has the head, neck, and large patches on the wings, bright golden
yellow, and the rest of the plumage deep velvety black; -- so
called in honor of the Prince of Wales (afterward George IV.),
who was Prince Regent in the reign of George III.</cd> --
<col>The Regents of the University of the State of New
York</col>, <cd>the members of a corporate body called the
University of New York. They have a certain supervisory power
over the incorporated institution for Academic and higher
education in the State.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re"gent*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female regent.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Cotgrave.</au>

<hw>Re"gent*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a regent;
regency.</def>

<hw>Re*ger"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(r?*j?r"m?*n?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + germinate</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>regerminare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To germinate again.</def>

<q>Perennial plants <qex>regerminate</qex> several years
successively.</q>
<qau>J. Lee.</qau>

<hw>Re*ger`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>regerminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A germinating again
or anew.</def>

<hw>Re*gest"</hw> <pr>(r?*j?st")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regesta</ets>, pl.: cf. OF. <ets>regestes</ets>, pl. See
<er>Register</er>.]</ety> <def>A register.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re*get"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To get
again.</def>

<hw>Re"gi*an</hw> <pr>(r?"j?-<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>regius</ets> regal.]</ety> <def>An upholder of
kingly authority; a royalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Reg"i*ble</hw> <pr>(r?j"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regibilis</ets>, from <ets>regere</ets> to rule.]</ety>
<def>Governable; tractable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Reg"i*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(r?j"?*s?`d<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing
it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide.</def>

<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>

<hw>Reg"i*cide</hw> <pr>(r?j"?*s?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82gicide</ets>; L. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a
king + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill. Cf. <er>Homicide</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who kills or who murders a king;
specifically <fld>(Eng.Hist.)</fld>, one of the judges who
condemned Charles I. to death.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The killing or the murder of a king.</def>

<hw>Re*gild"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?ld")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
gild anew.</def>

<hw>\'d8R\'82`gime"</hw> <pr>(r?`zh?m")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Mode or
system of rule or management; character of government, or of the
prevailing social system.</def>

<q>I dream . . . of the new <qex>r\'82gime</qex> which is to
come.</q>
<qau>H. Kingsley.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hydraul.)</fld> <def>The condition of a river
with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume
of water passing different cross sections in a given time,
<xex>uniform r\'82gime</xex> being the condition when the flow is
equal and uniform at all the cross sections.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The ancient r\'82gime</col>, <or/ <col>Ancien
r\'82gime</col></mcol> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>the former political
and social system, as distinguished from the <xex>modern<xex>;
especially, the political and social system existing in France
before the Revolution of 1789.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reg"i*men</hw> <pr>(r?j"?*m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regimen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to
guide, to rule. See <er>Right</er>, and cf. <er>Regal</er>,
<er>R\'82gime</er>, <er>Regiment</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Orderly government; system of order; adminisration.</def>

<au>Hallam.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any regulation or remedy which is intended to
produce beneficial effects by gradual operation</def>; esp.
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>a systematic course of diet, etc., pursed
with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for the
purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of
flesh; -- sometimes used synonymously with
<altname>hygiene</altname>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syntactical
relation between words, as when one depends on another and is
regulated by it in respect to case or mood; government</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The word or words governed.</def>

<hw>Reg"i*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82giment</ets> a regiment of men, OF. also
government, L. <ets>regimentum</ets> government, fr.
<ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule. See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority;
regimen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser</au>.
\'bd<xex>Regiment</xex> of health.\'b8 <au>Bacon</au>.

<q>But what are kings, when <qex>regiment</qex> is gone,
But perfect shadows in a sunshine day?</q>
<qau>Marlowe.</qau>

<q>The law of nature doth now require of necessity some kind of
<qex>regiment</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hocker.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A region or district governed.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of men, either horse,
foot, or artillery, commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a
number of companies, usually ten.</def>

<note><hand/ In the British army all the artillery are included
in one regiment, which (reversing the usual practice) is divided
into brigades.</note>

<cs><col>Regiment of the line</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a
regiment organized for general service; -- in distinction from
those (as the Life Guards) whose duties are usually special.
<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hw>Reg"i*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>?</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Regimented</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Regimenting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To
form into a regiment or into regiments.</def>

<au>Washington.</au>

<hw>Reg`i*men"tal</hw> <pr>(-m?n"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment;
<as>as, <ex>regimental</ex> officers, clothing</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Regimental school</col>, <cd>in the British army, a
school for the instruction of the private soldiers of a regiment,
and their children, in the rudimentary branches of
education.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reg`i*men"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In or by a
regiment or regiments; <as>as, troops classified
<ex>regimentally</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Reg`i*men"tals</hw> <pr>(-t<it>a</it>lz)</pr>, <pos>n.
pl.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The uniform worn by the officers
and soldiers of a regiment; military dress; -- formerly used in
the singular in the same sense.</def>

<au>Colman.</au>

<hw>Re*gim"i*nal</hw> <pr>(r?*j?m"?*n<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating to regimen; <as>as,
<ex>regiminal</ex> rules</as>.</def>

<hw>Re"gion</hw> <pr>(r?"j?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82gion</ets>, from L. <ets>regio</ets> a direction, a
boundary line, region, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, direct.
See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the grand
districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the
earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in
general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite extent;
country; province; district; tract.</def>

<q>If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world,
Or unknown <qex>region</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tract, part, or space, lying about and including
anything; neighborhood; vicinity; sphere.</def> \'bdThough the
fork invade the <xex>region</xex> of my heart.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Philip, tetrarch of .. the <qex>region</qex> of
Trachonitis.</q>
<qau>Luke iii. 1.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The upper air; the sky; the heavens.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Anon the dreadful thunder
Doth rend the <qex>region</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The inhabitants of a district.</def>

<au>Matt. iii. 5.  </au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Place; rank; station.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>

<q>He is of too high a <qex>region</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re"gion*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional.</def>

<hw>Re"gi*ous</hw> <pr>(-j?*?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regius</ets> royal, fr. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>,
king.]</ety> <def>Regal; royal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Harrington.</au>

<hw>Reg"is*ter</hw> <pr>(r?j"?s*t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[OE. <ets>registre</ets>, F. <ets>registre</ets>, LL.
<ets>registrum</ets>,<ets>regestum</ets>, L. <ets>regesta</ets>,
pl., fr. <ets>regerere</ets>, <ets>regestum</ets>, to carry back,
to register; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>gerere</ets> to
carry. See <er>Jest</er>, and cf. <er>Regest</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A written account or entry; an official or
formal enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a
list or roll; a schedule.</def>

<q>As you have one eye upon my follies, . . . turn another into
the <qex>register</qex> of your own.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A record
containing a list and description of the merchant vessels
belonging to a port or customs district.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port
or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description
of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is
kept on board the vessel, to be used as an evidence of
nationality or as a muniment of title.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>registrarius</ets>. Cf.
<er>Regisrar</er>.]</ety> <def>One who registers or records; a
registrar; a recorder; especially, a public officer charged with
the duty of recording certain transactions or events; <as>as, a
<ex>register</ex> of deeds</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which registers or records.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A contrivance
for automatically noting the performance of a machine or the
rapidity of a process</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld>
<def>The part of a telegraphic apparatus which records
automatically the message received</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A
machine for registering automatically the number of persons
passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace,
stove, etc., for regulating the admission of air to the fuel;
also, an arrangement containing dampers or shutters, as in the
floor or wall of a room or passage, or in a chimney, for
admitting or excluding heated air, or for regulating
ventilation.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inner part
of the mold in which types are cast.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or
reverse sides of the sheet.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
correspondence or adjustment of the several impressions in a
design which is printed in parts, as in chromolithographic
printing, or in the manufacture of paper hangings. See
<er>Register</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> 2.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The compass of a
voice or instrument; a specified portion of the compass of a
voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given compass; <as>as, the
upper, middle, or lower <ex>register</ex>; the soprano
<ex>register</ex>; the tenor <ex>register</ex></as>.</def>

<note><hand/ In respect to the vocal tones, the <xex>thick
register</xex> properly extends below from the F on the lower
space of the treble staff. The <xex>thin register</xex> extends
an octave above this. The <xex>small register</xex> is above the
thin. The voice in the thick register is called the <xex>chest
voice</xex>; in the thin, the <xex>head voice</xex>.
<xex>Falsetto</xex> is a kind off voice, of a thin, shrull
quality, made by using the mechanism of the upper thin register
for tones below the proper limit on the scale.</note>

<au>E. Behnke.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stop or set of pipes in an organ</def>.

<cs><col>Parish register</col>, <cd>A book in which are recorded
the births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, and burials in a
parish.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- List; catalogue; roll; record; archives; chronicle;
annals. See <er>List</er>.</syn>

<hw>Reg"is*ter</hw> <pr>(r?j"?s*t?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Registere</er>
<pr>(-t?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Registering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>regisrer</ets>, <ets>exregistrer</ets>, LL.
<ets>registrare</ets>. See <er>Register</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>T<?/ enter in a register;
to record formally and distinctly, as for future use or
service.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enroll; to enter in a list.</def>

<q>Such follow him as shall be <qex>registered</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<cs><col>Registered letter</col>, <cd>a letter, the address of
which is, on payment of a special fee, registered in the post
office and the transmission and delivery of which are attended to
with particular care.</cd></cs>

<hw>Reg"is*ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To enroll
one's name in a register.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To correspond in ralative
position; <as>as, two pages, columns, etc.</as> ,
<xex>register</xex> when the corresponding parts fall in the same
line, or when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or
(as in chromatic printing) where the various colors of the design
are printed consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is
necessary.</def>

<hw>Reg"is*ter*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Recording; -- applied
to instruments; having an apparatus which registers; <as>as, a
<ex>registering</ex> thermometer</as>. See
<er>Recording</er>.</def>

<hw>Reg"is*ter*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a
register.</def>

<hw>Reg"is*trant</hw> <pr>(-tr<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.  <ets>registrans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who
registers; esp., one who , by virtue of securing an official
registration, obtains a certain right or title of possession, as
to a trade-mark.</def>

<hw>Reg"is*trar</hw> <pr>(-tr?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>registrarius</ets>, or F. <ets>r\'82gistraire</ets>. See
<er>Register</er>.]</ety> <def>One who registers; a recorder; a
keeper of records; <as>as, a <ex>registrar</ex> of births,
deaths, and marriages</as>. See <er>Register</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
3.</def>

<hw>Reg"is*trar*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a
registrar.</def>

<hw>Reg"is*tra*ry</hw> <pr>(- tr?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
registrar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Reg"is*trate</hw> <pr>(-tr?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
register.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Reg`is*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(-tr?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>registratio</ets>, or F.
<ets>r\'82gistration</ets>. See <er>Register</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of registering;
registry; enrollment.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The art of selecting and
combining the stops or registers of an organ.</def>

<hw>Reg"is*try</hw> <pr>(r?j"?s*tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of recording or writing in a register;
enrollment; registration.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place where a register is kept.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A record; an account; a register.</def>

<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re"gi*us</hw> <pr>(r?l"?*?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regius</ets>, from <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a
king.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a king; royal.</def>

<cs><col>Regius professor</col>, <cd>an incumbent of a
professorship founded by royal bounty, as in an English
university.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*give"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
give again; to give back.</def>

<hw>Re"gle</hw> <pr>(r?g"'l)</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reglement</er>.]</ety> <def>To rule; to govern.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo <xex>regle</xex> their lives.\'b8

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Re"gle*ment</hw> <pr>(r?g"'l*m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82glement</ets>, fr.
<ets>r\'82gler</ets>, L. <ets>regulare</ets>. See
<er>Regulate</er>.]</ety> <def>Regulation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The reformation and <qex>reglement<qex> of usuary.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<hw>Reg`le*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(-l?*m?n"t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82glementaire</ets>, fr.
<ets>r\'82glement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Regulative.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Reg"let</hw> <pr>(r?g"l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82glet</ets>, dim. of <ets>r\'8agle</ets> a rule, L.
<ets>regula</ets>. See <er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to
separate the parts or members of compartments or panels from one
another, or doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form knots,
frets, or other ornaments. See <er>Illust</er>. (12) of
<er>Column</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld><def>A strip of wood or metal of
the height of a quadrat, used for regulating the space between
pages in a chase, and also for spacing out title-pages and other
open matter. It is graded to different sizes, and designated by
the name of the type that it matches; <as>as, nonpareil
<ex>reglet</ex>, pica <ex>reglet</ex>, and the like</as>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Reg"ma</hw> <pr>(r?g"m?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, -<?/<?/<?/, fracture, fr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind
of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each which at
length breaks open at the inner angle.</def>

<hw>Reg"ma*carp</hw> <pr>(-k?rp)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Regma</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ fruit.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any dry dehiscent fruit.</def>

<hw>Reg"nal</hw> <pr>(r?g"n<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>regnum</ets> reign.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
the reign of a monarch; <as>as, <ex>regnal</ex> years</as>.</def>

<hw>Reg"nan*cy</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty;
rule.</def>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Reg"nant</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>regnans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>regnare</ets> to reign: cf. F <ets>r\'82gnant</ets>. See
<er>Reign</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exercising regal
authority; reigning; <as>as, a queen <ex>regnant</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the chief power; ruling; predominant;
prevalent.</def> \'bdA traitor to the vices
<xex>regnant</xex>.\'b8

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Reg"na*tive</hw> <pr>(-n?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Ruling; governing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Regne</hw> <pr>(r?n)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Reign</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*gorge"</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rj")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>regorder</ets>; <ets>re- + gorger</ets> to gorge. Cf.
<er>Regurgitate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To vomit up; to
eject from the stomach; to throw back.</def>

<au>Hayward.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To swallow again; to swallow back.</def>

<q>Tides at highest mark <qex>regorge</qex> the flood.</q>
<qau>DRyden.</qau>

<-- p. 1211 -->

<hw>Re*grade"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?d")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>gradi</ets> to go. Cf. Regrede. ]</ety>
<def>To retire; to go back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>W. Hales.</au>

<hw>Re*graft"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?ft")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
graft again.</def>

<hw>Re*grant"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
grant back; to grant again or anew.</def>

<au>Ayliffe.</au>

<hw>Re*grant"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
granting back to a former proprietor.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A renewed of a grant; <as>as, the
<ex>regrant</ex> of a monopoly</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*grate"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Regrated</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Regrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>regratter</ets>, literally, to scrape again. See
<er>Re</er>-, and <er>Grate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To remove the outer surface
of, as of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh
appearance.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To offend; to shock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Derham.</au>

<hw>Re*grate"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>regratter</ets> to regrate provisions; of uncertain
origin.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <def>To buy in large
quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a market or fair, with
the intention of selling the same again, in or near the same
place, at a higher price, -- a practice which was formerly
treated as a public offense.</def>

<hw>Re*grat"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>regrattier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who regrates.</def>

<hw>Re*grat"er*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or practice of
regrating.</def>

<hw>Re*gra"ti*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?"sh?*?*t?*r?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A returning or giving of thanks.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Skelton.</au>

<hw>Re*grat"or</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?t"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
guilty of regrating.</def>

<hw>Re*grede"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?d")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regredi</ets> to go back. Cf. <er>Regrade</er>,
<er>Regress</er>.]</ety> <def>To go back; to retrograde, as the
apsis of a planet's orbit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Todhunter.</au>

<hw>Re*gre"di*ence</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?"d?-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A going back; a retrogression; a return.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Herrick.</au>

<hw>Re*greet"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to
greet.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*greet"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A return or exchange of
salutation.</def>

<hw>Re"gress</hw> <pr>(r?"gr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regressus</ets>, fr. <ets>regredi</ets>,
<ets>regressus</ets>. See <er>Regrede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of passing back; passage back; return;
retrogression. \'bdThe progress or <xex>regress</xex> of
man\'b8.</def>

<au>F. Harrison.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power or liberty of passing back.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*gress"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Regressed</er>
<pr>(-gr?st")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Regressing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To go back; to return to a
former place or state.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*gres"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>regressio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82gression</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of passing back or
returning; retrogression; retrogradation.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<cs><col>Edge of regression</col> (of a surface)
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the line along which a surface turns back
upon itself; -- called also a <altname>cuspidal
edge</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Regression point</col>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a cusp.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*gress"ive</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?s"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82gressif</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Passing back; returning.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by retrogression;
retrogressive.</def>

<cs><col>Regressive metamorphism</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Retrogression</er>.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Katabolism</er></cd>.</cs>

<hw>Re*gress"ive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a regressive
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*gret"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?t")</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>regretter</ets>. See <er>Regret</er>, <er><?/</er>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pain of mind on account of something done or
experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different;
a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing; grief;
sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the loss of some
joy, advantage, or satisfaction.</def> \'bdA passionate
<xex>regret</xex> at sin.\'b8

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<q>What man does not remember with <qex>regret</qex> the first
time he read Robinson Crusoe?</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<q>Never any prince expressed a more lively <qex>regret</qex> for
the loss of a servant.</q>

<au>Clarendon.</au>

<q>From its peaceful bosom [the grave] spring none but fond
<qex>regrets</qex> and tender recollections.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dislike; aversion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Grief; concern; sorrow; lamentation; repentance;
penitence; self-condemnation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Regret</er>,
<er>Remorse</er>, <er>Compunction</er>, <er>Contrition</er>,
<er>Repentance</er>. <xex>Regret</xex> does not carry with it the
energy of <xex>remorse</xex>, the sting of
<xex>compunction</xex>, the sacredness of <xex>contrition</xex>,
or the practical character of <xex>repentance</xex>. We even
apply the term <xex>regret</xex> to circumstance over which we
have had no control, as the absence of friends or their loss.
When connected with ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts
than to wrong or sinful ones.</usage>

<au>C. J. Smith.</au>

<hw>Re*gret"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Regretted</er> <pr>(-t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Regretting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>regretter</ets>, OF. <ets>regreter</ets>; L. pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + a word of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth.
<ets>gr<?/tan</ets> to weep, Icel. <ets>gr<?/ta</ets>. See
<er>Greet</er> to lament.]</ety> <def>To experience regret on
account of; to lose or miss with a sense of regret; to feel
sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the happening or the
loss of something); <as>as, to <ex>regret</ex> an error; to
<ex>regret</ex> lost opportunities or friends.</as></def>

<q>Calmly he looked on either life, and here
Saw nothing to <qex>regret</qex>, or there to fear.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>In a few hours they [the Israelites] began to
<qex>regret</qex> their slavery, and to murmur against their
leader.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<q>Recruits who <qex>regretted</qex> the plow from which they had
been violently taken.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Re*gret"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
regret; indulging in regrets; repining.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*gret"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*grow"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?")</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos>
<def>To grow again.</def>

<q>The snail had power to <qex>regrow</qex> them all [horns,
tongue, etc.]</q>
<qau>A. B. Buckley.</qau>

<hw>Re*growth"</hw> <pr>(r?*gr?th")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of regrowing; a second or new growth.</def>

<au>Darwin.</au>

<q>The <qex>regrowth</qex> of limbs which had been cut off.</q>
<qau>A. B. Buckley.</qau>

<hw>Re*guard"ant</hw> <pr>(r?*g?rd"<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Regardant</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*guer"don</hw> <pr>(r?*g?r"d?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>guerdon</ets>: cf. OF.
<ets>reguerdonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To reward.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Reg"u*la*ble</hw> <pr>(r?g"?*l?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being regulated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Reg"u*lar</hw> <pr>(-l?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>regularis</ets>, fr. <ets>regula</ets> a rule, fr.
<ets>regere</ets> to guide, to rule: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82gulier</ets>. See <er>Rule</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established
rule, law, principle, or type, or to established customary forms;
normal; symmetrical; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> verse in poetry;
a <ex>regular</ex> piece of music; a <ex>regular</ex> verb;
<ex>regular</ex> practice of law or medicine; a <ex>regular</ex>
building.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in
course, practice, or occurence; not subject to unexplained or
irrational variation; returning at stated intervals; steadily
pursued; orderlly; methodical; <as>as, the <ex>regular</ex>
succession of day and night; <ex>regular</ex> habits.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Constituted, selected, or conducted in
conformity with established usages, rules, or discipline; duly
authorized; permanently organized; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex>
meeting; a <ex>regular</ex> physican; a <ex>regular</ex>
nomination; <ex>regular</ex> troops.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Belonging to a monastic order or community;
<as>as, <ex>regular</ex> clergy, in distinction dfrom the
<ex>secular</ex> clergy</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Thorough; complete; unmitigated; <as>as, a
<ex>regular</ex> humbug</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having all the
parts of the same kind alike in size and shape; <as>as, a
<ex>regular</ex> flower; a <ex>regular</ex> sea
urchin.</as></def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Isometric</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Regular polygon</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a plane
polygon which is both equilateral and equiangular.</cd> --
<col>Regular polyhedron</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a
polyhedron whose faces are equal regular polygons. There are five
regular polyhedrons, -- the tetrahedron, the hexahedron, or cube,
the octahedron, the dodecahedron, and the icosahedron.</cd> --
<col>Regular sales</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>sales
of stock deliverable on the day after the transaction.</cd> --
<col>Regular troops</col>, <cd>troops of a standing or permanent
army; -- opposed to <xex>militia<xex>.</cd></cs><-- or opposed to
reserves -->

<syn>Syn. -- Normal; orderly; methodical. See
<er>Normal</er>.</syn>

<hw>Reg"u*lar</hw> <pr>(r?g"?*l?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>regularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gulier</ets>. See
<er>Regular</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(R. C.
Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of any religious order or community who
has taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who
has been solemnly recognized by the church.</def>

<au>Bp. Fitzpatrick.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier belonging to a
permanent or standing army; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def>

<hw>\'d8Reg`u*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(r?g`?*l?"r?*?)</pr>,
<pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular, sea
urchins.</def>

<hw>Reg`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-l?r"?*t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>r\'82gularit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
condition or quality of being regular; <as>as,
<ex>regularity</ex> of outline; the <ex>regularity</ex> of
motion.</as></def>

<hw>Reg"u*lar*ize</hw> <pr>(r?g"?*l?r*?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To cause to become regular; to regulate.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Reg"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a regular manner;
in uniform order; methodically; in due order or time.</def>

<hw>Reg"u*lar*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Regularity.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Reg"u*lato</hw> <pr>(-l?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Regulated</er>
<pr>(-l?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Regulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>regulatus</ets>,
p. p. of <ets>regulare</ets>, fr. <ets>regula</ets>. See
<er>Regular</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To adjust by rule,
method, or established mode; to direct by rule or restriction; to
subject to governing principles or laws.</def>

<q>The laws which <qex>regulate</qex> the successions of the
seasons.</q>

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<q>The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own disputes,
and <qex>regulated</qex> their own police.</q>
<qau>Bancroft.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in good order; <as>as, to
<ex>regulate</ex> the disordered state of a nation or its
finances</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a
desired rate, degree, or condition; <as>as, to <ex>regulate</ex>
the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a
machine, etc.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>To regulate a watch</col> <or/
<col>clock</col></mcol>, <cd>to adjust its rate of running so
that it will keep approximately standard time.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To adjust; dispose; methodize; arrange; direct;
order; rule; govern.</syn>

<hw>Reg`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of regulating, or the state of being
regulated.</def>

<q>The temper and <qex>regulation</qex> of our own minds.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rule or order prescribed for management or
government; prescription; a regulating principle; a governing
direction; precept; law; <as>as, the <ex>regulations</ex> of a
society or a school</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Regulation sword</col>, <col>cap</col>,
<col>uniform</col>, etc.</mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a sword,
cap, uniform, etc., of the kind or quality prescribed by the
official regulations.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Law</er>; rule; method; principle; order;
precept. See <er>Law</er>.</syn>

<hw>Reg"u*la*tive</hw> <pr>(r?g"?*l?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending to regulate; regulating.</def>

<au>Whewell.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Necessarily assumed by the
mind as fundamental to all other knowledge; furnishing
fundamental principles; <as>as, the <ex>regulative</ex>
principles, or principles <ex>a priori</ex>; the
<ex>regulative</ex> faculty.</as></def>

<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>

<note><hand/ These terms are borrowed from Kant, and suggest the
thought, allowed by Kant, that possibly these principles are only
true for the human mind, the operations and belief of which they
regulate.</note>

<hw>Reg"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(-l?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, regulates.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for regulating
and controlling motion, as: <sd>(a)</sd> The lever or index in a
watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and
thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. <sd>(b)</sd> The
governor of a steam engine. <sd>(c)</sd> A valve for controlling
the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard
of correct time. See <cref>Astronomical clock</cref>
<sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Clock</er>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A member of a volunteer committee which, in
default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and
prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the
comission of violent crimes.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<q>A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the
<qex>Regulators</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bancroft.</qau>

<hw>Reg"u*line</hw> <pr>(r?g"?*l?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>r\'82gulin</ets>. See <er>Regulus</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem. & Metal.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
regulus.</def>

<hw>Reg"u*lize</hw> <pr>(-l?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld> <def>To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal
from extraneous matter; <as>as, to <ex>regulize</ex>
antimony</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<hw>Reg"u*lus</hw> <pr>(-l?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Reguluses</plw> (-<?/z), L. <plw>Reguli</plw>
<pr>(-l<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a petty king, prince, dim. of
<ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82gule</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem. & Metal.)</fld> <def>The button, globule,
or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in
the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of
ores.</def>

<note><hand/ The name was introduced by the alchemists, and
applied by them in the first instance to antimony. I<?/ signifies
<xex>little king</xex>; and from the facility with which antimony
alloyed with gold, these empirical philosophers had great hopes
that this metal, <xex>antimony</xex>, would lead them to the
discovery of the philosopher's stone.</note>

<au>Ure.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star of the first
magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- called also the
<altname>Lion's Heart</altname>.</def>

<hw>Re*gur"gi*tate</hw> <pr>(r?*g?r"j?*t?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>regurgitare</ets>,
<ets>regurgitatum</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>gurges</ets>, <ets>-itis</ets>, a gulf. Cf.
<er>Regorge</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw or pour back, as from a
deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great
quantity.</def>

<hw>Re*gur"gi*tate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be thrown or
poured back; to rush or surge back.</def>

<q>The food may <qex>regurgitate</qex>m the stomach into the
esophagus and mouth.</q>
<qau>Quain.</qau>

<hw>Re*gur`gi*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82gurgitation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of
entrance</def>; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>the reversal
of the natural direction in which the current or contents flow
through a tube or cavity of the body.</def>

<au>Quain.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.</def>

<hw>Re`ha*bil"i*tate</hw> <pr>(r?`h?*b?l"?*t?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>
<er>Rehabilitated</er> <pr>(-t?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rehabilitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>habilitate</ets>: cf. LL.
<ets>rehabilitare</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82habiliter</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or
dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to
qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former right,
rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of civil and
canon law.</def>

<q>Restoring and <qex>rehabilitating</qex> the party.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<hw>Re`ha*bil`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>rehabilitatio</ets>, F.
<ets>R\'82habilitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
rehabilitating, or the state of being rehabilitated.</def>

<au>Bouvier. Walsh.</au>

<hw>Re*hash"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?sh")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
hash over again; to prepare or use again; <as>as, to
<ex>rehash</ex> old arguments</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*hash"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><def>Something hashed over, or
made up from old materials.</def>

<hw>Re*hear"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
hear again; to try a second time; <as>as, to <ex>rehear</ex> a
cause in Chancery</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*hears"al</hw> <pr>(r?*h?rs"<it>a</it>)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition;
specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of
practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or
exercise.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>In <qex>rehearsal</qex> of our Lord's Prayer.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<q>Here's marvelous convenient place for our
<qex>rehearsal</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<cs><col>Dress rehearsal</col> <fld>(Theater)</fld>, <cd>a
private preparatory performance of a drama, opera, etc., in
costume.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*hearse"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rehearsed</er>
<pr>(-h?rst")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rehearsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rehercen</ets>,
<ets>rehersen</ets>, OF. <ets>reherser</ets>,
<ets>rehercier</ets>, to harrow over again; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>hercier</ets> to harrow, fr. <ets>herce</ets> a
harrow, F. <ets>herse</ets>. See <er>Hearse</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To repeat, as what has been already said; to
tell over again; to recite.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>When the words were heard which David spake, they
<qex>rehearsed</qex> them before Saul.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xvii. 31.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To narrate; to relate; to tell.</def>

<q><qex>Rehearse</qex> the righteous acts of the Lord.</q>
<qau>Judg. . v. 11.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To recite or repeat in private for experiment
and improvement, before a public representation; <as>as, to
<ex>rehearse</ex> a tragedy</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to rehearse; to instruct by
rehearsal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>He has been <qex>rehearsed</qex> by Madame Defarge as to his
having seen her.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To recite; recapitulate; recount; detail; describe;
tell; relate; narrate.</syn>

<hw>Re*hearse"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To recite or repeat
something for practice.</def> \'bdThere will we
<xex>rehearse</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*hears"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rehearses.</def>

<hw>Re*heat"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To heat again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To revive; to cheer; to cherish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Rom. of R.</au>

<hw>Re`hi*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`h?*b?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>habere</ets> to have.]</ety>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The returning of a thing purchased to the
seller, on the ground of defect or frand.</def>

<hw>Re*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*h?b"?*t?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Of or relating to rehibition; <as>as, a
<ex>rehibitory</ex> action</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*hire"</hw> <pr>(r?*h?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
hire again.</def>

<hw>Re`hy*poth"e*cate</hw> <pr>(r?`h?*p?th"?*k?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To hypothecate again.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re`hy*poth`e*ca"tion</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rei</hw> <pr>(r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.
<plw>Reis</plw> <pr>(r<?/"<?/s <xex>or</xex> r<?/z)</pr>.</plu>
<ety>[Pg. <ets>real</ets>, pl. <ets>reis</ets>. See <er>Real</er>
a coin.]</ety> <def>A portuguese money of account, in value about
one tenth of a cent.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also
<asp>ree</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>\'d8Reichs"rath`</hw> <pr>(r?ks"r?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[G]</ety> <def>The parliament of Austria (exclusive of
Hungary, which has its own diet, or parliament). It consists of
an Upper and a Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of
Representatives.</def>

<hw>\'d8Reichs"stand`</hw> <pr>(r?ks"st?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A free city of the former German
empire.</def>

<hw>\'d8Reichs"tag`</hw> <pr>(r?ks"t?g`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[G.]</ety> <def>The Diet, or House of Representatives, of
the German empire, which is composed of members elected for a
term of three years by the direct vote of the people. See
<er>Bundesrath</er>.</def>

<hw>Reif</hw> <pr>(r?f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>re<?/f</ets>.]</ety> <def>Robbery; spoil.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rei"gle</hw> <pr>(r?"g'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'8agle</ets> a rule, fr. L. <ets>regula</ets>. See
<er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <def>A hollow cut or channel for quiding
anything; <as>as, the <ex>reigle</ex> of a side post for a flood
gate</as>.</def>

<au>Carew.</au>

<hw>Rei"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To regulate; to
govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rei"gle*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Reglement</er>.]</ety> <def>Rule; regulation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon. Jer. Taylor.</au>

<hw>Reign</hw> <pr>(r?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>regne</ets>, OF. <ets>reigne</ets>, <ets>regne</ets>, F.
<ets>r\'8agne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regnum</ets>, fr.
<ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king, fr. <ets>regere</ets>
to guide, rule. See <er>Regal</er>, <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty;
rule; dominion.</def>

<q>He who like a father held his <qex>reign</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>Saturn's sons received the threefold <qex>reign</qex>
Of heaven, of ocean,, and deep hell beneath.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The territory or sphere which is reigned over;
kingdom; empire; realm; dominion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>[God] him bereft the <qex>regne</qex> that he had.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The time during which a king, queen, or emperor
possesses the supreme authority; <as>as, it happened in the
<ex>reign</ex> of Elizabeth</as>.</def>

<-- p. 1212 -->

<hw>Reign</hw> <pr>(r?n)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reigned</er>
<pr>(r?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>regnen</ets>,
<ets>reinen</ets>, OF. <ets>regner</ets>, F.
<ets>r\'82gner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regnare</ets>, fr. regnum. See
<er>Reign</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To possess
or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government,
as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>We will not have this man to <qex>reign</qex> over us.</q>
<qau>Luke xix. 14.</qau>

<q>Shall Banquo's issue ever
<qex>Reign</qex> in this kingdom?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to be predominant; to prevail.</def>
\'bdPestilent diseases which commonly <xex>reign</xex> in
summer.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to
rule.</def>

<q>Let not sin therefore <qex>reign</qex> in your mortal
body.</q>
<qau>Rom. vi. 12.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail.</syn>

<hw>Reign"er</hw> <pr>(r?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reigns.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re`il*lume"</hw> <pr>(r?`?l*l?m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to
reillumine.</def> \'bdThou must <xex>reillume</xex> its
spark.\'b8

<au>J. R. Drake.</au>

<hw>Re`il*lu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(-l?"m?*n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To enlighten again; to reillumine.</def>

<hw>Re`il*lu`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act or process of enlightening again.</def>

<hw>Re`il*lu"mine</hw> <pr>(-l?"m?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To illumine again or anew; to reillume.</def>

<hw>Reim</hw> <pr>(r?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>riem</ets>, akin to G <ets>riemen</ets>; CF. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ a towing line.]</ety> <def>A strip of oxhide,
deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, -- used for twisting into
ropes, etc.</def> <mark>[South Africa]</mark>

<au>Simmonds.</au>

<hw>Re`im*bark"</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*b?rk")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &
i.</pos> <def>See <er>Re<?/mbark</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`im*bod"y</hw> <pr>(-b?d"?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Re<?/mbody</er>.]</ety> <def>To imbody again.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re`im*burs"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*b?rs"?*b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>remboursable</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being repaid; repayable.</def>

<q>A loan has been made of two millions of dollars,
<qex>reimbursable</qex> in ten years.</q>
<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>

<hw>Re`im*burse"</hw> <pr>(-b?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reimbursed</er>
<pr>(-b?rst")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reimbursing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- +
imburse</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rembourser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what
has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to
restore; <as>as, to <ex>reimburse</ex> the expenses of a
war</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make restoration or payment of an equivalent
to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive;
<as>as, to <ex>reimburse</ex> one's self by successful
speculation</as>.</def>

<au>Paley.</au>

<hw>Re`im*burse"ment</hw> <pr>(-b?rs"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rembursement</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act reimbursing.</def>

<au>A. Hamilton.</au>

<hw>Re`im*burs"er</hw> <pr>(-b?rs"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who reimburses.</def>

<hw>Re`im*plant"</hw> <pr>(-pl?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To implant again.</def>

<hw>Re`im*port"</hw> <pr>(-p?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + import</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>remporter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To import again; to import what
has been exported; to bring back.</def>

<au>Young.</au>

<hw>Re*im`por*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*?m`p?r*t?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reimporting; also, that which is
reimported.</def>

<hw>Re*im`por*tune"</hw> <pr>(-p?r*t?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To importune again.</def>

<hw>Re`im*pose"</hw> <pr>(r?`?m*p?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To impose anew.</def>

<hw>Re`im*preg"nate</hw> <pr>(-pr?g"n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To impregnate again or anew.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re`im*press"</hw> <pr>(-pr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
impress anew.</def>

<hw>Re`im*pres"sion</hw> <pr>(-pr?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A second or repeated impression; a reprint.</def>

<hw>Re`im*print"</hw> <pr>(-pr?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To imprint again.</def>

<hw>Re`im*pris"on</hw> <pr>(-pr?z'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To imprison again.</def>

<hw>Re`im*pris"on*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reimprisoning, or the state of
being reimprisoned.</def>

<hw>Rein</hw> <pr>(r?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r<ecir/ne</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>retina</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>retinere</ets> to hold back. See <er>Retain</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or
snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the
horse.</def>

<q>This knight laid hold upon his <qex>reyne</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, an instrument or means of curbing,
restraining, or governing; government; restraint.</def> \'bdLet
their eyes rove without <xex>rein</xex>.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<cs><mcol><col>To give rein</col>, <col>To give the rein
to</col></mcol>, <cd>to give license to; to leave withouut
restrain.</cd> -- <col>To take the reins</col>, <cd>to take the
guidance or government; to assume control.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rein</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reined</er> <pr>(r?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Reining</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
govern or direct with the reins; <as>as, to <ex>rein</ex> a horse
one way or another</as>.</def>

<q>He mounts and <qex>reins</qex> his horse.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restrain; to control; to check.</def>

<q>Being once chafed, he can not
Be <qex>reined</qex> again to temperance.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<cs><mcol><col>To rein in</col> <or/ <col>rein up</col></mcol>,
<cd>to check the speed of, or cause to stop, by drawing the
reins.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rein</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be guided by reins.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re`in*au"gu*rate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To inaugurate
anew.</def>

<hw>Re"in*cit"</hw> <pr>(-s?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
incite again.</def>

<hw>Re`in*cor"po*rate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To incorporate
again.</def>

<hw>Re`in*crease"</hw> <pr>(-kr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To increase again.</def>

<hw>Re`in*cur"</hw> <pr>(-k?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
incur again.</def>

<hw>Rein"deer`</hw> <pr>(r?n"d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>hreinn</ets> reindeer + E. <ets>deer</ets>. Icel.
<ets>hreinn</ets> is of Lapp or Finnish origin; cf. Lappish
<ets>reino</ets> pasturage.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also
<asp>raindeer</asp>, and <asp>ranedeer</asp>.]</altsp>
<fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Any ruminant of the genus
<spn>Rangifer</spn>, of the Deer family, found in the colder
parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having
long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines
palmate.</def>

<note><hand/ The common European species (<spn>R. tarandus</spn>)
is domesticated in Lapland. The woodland reindeer or caribou
(<spn>R. caribou</spn>) is found in Canada and Maine (see
<er>Caribou</er>.) The Barren Ground reindeer or caribou (<spn>R.
Gr\'d2landicus</spn>), of smaller size, is found on the shores of
the Arctic Ocean, in both hemispheries.</note>

<cs><col>Reindeer moss</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a gray
branching lichen (<spn>Cladonia rangiferina</spn>) which forms
extensive patches on the ground in arctic and even in north
temperature regions.  It is the principal food of the Lapland
reindeer in winter.</cd> -- <col>Reindeer period</col>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a name sometimes given to a part of the
Paleolithic era when the reindeer was common over Central
Europe.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re`in*duce"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*d?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To induce again.</def>

<hw>Rei*nette"</hw> <pr>(r?*n?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
See 1st <er>Rennet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name
given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of French
origin.</def>

<hw>Re`in*fect"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*f?kt)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + infect</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82infecter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To infect again.</def>

<hw>Re`in*fec"tious</hw> <pr>(-f?k"sh?s)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos><def>Capable of reinfecting.</def>

<hw>Re`in*force"</hw> <pr>(-f?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>See <er>Re\'89nforce</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>

<hw>Re`in*force"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Re\'89nforce</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>

<hw>Re`in*force"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Re\'89nforcement</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`in*fund"</hw> <pr>(-f?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>infundere</ets> to pour
in.]</ety> <def>To flow in anew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Re`in*gra"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(-gr?"sh?*?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To ingratiate again or anew.</def>

<au>Sir. T. Herbert.</au>

<hw>Re`in*hab"it</hw> <pr>(-h?b"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To inhabit again.</def>

<au>Mede.</au>

<hw>Rein"less</hw> <pr>(r?n"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not
having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or
restrained.</def>

<hw>Reins</hw> <pr>(r?nz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rein</ets>, pl. <ets>reins</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ren</ets>, pl.
<ets>renes</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The kidneys; also, the
region of the kidneys; the loins.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The inward impulses; the affections and
passions; -- so called because formerly supposed to have their
seat in the part of the body where the kidneys are.</def>

<q>My <qex>reins</qex> rejoice, when thy lips speak right
things.</q>
<qau>Prov. xxiii. 16.</qau>

<q>I am he which searcheth the <qex>reins</qex> and hearts.</q>
<qau>Rev. ii. 23.</qau>

<cs><col>Reins of a vault</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the parts
between the crown andd the spring or abutment, including, and
having especial reference to, the loading or filling behind the
shell of the vault. The reins are to a vault nearly what the
haunches are to an arch, and when a vault gives way by thrusting
outward, it is because its reins are not sufficiently filled
up.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re`in*sert"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*s?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To insert again.</def>

<hw>Re`in*ser"tion</hw> <pr>(-s?r"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of reinserting.</def>

<hw>Re`in*spect"</hw> <pr>(-sp?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To inspect again.</def>

<hw>Re`in*spec"tion</hw> <pr>(-sp?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of reinspecting.</def>

<hw>Re`in*spire"</hw> <pr>(-sp?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
inspire anew.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re`in*spir"it</hw> <pr>(-sp`r"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To give fresh spirit to.</def>

<hw>Re`in*stall"</hw> <pr>(-st?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + install</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82installer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To install again.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re`in*stall"ment</hw> <pr>(m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A renewed installment.</def>

<hw>Re`in*state"</hw> <pr>(-st?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
place again in possession, or in a former state; to restore to a
state from which one had been removed; to instate again; <as>as,
to <ex>reinstate</ex> a king in the possession of the
kingdom</as>.</def>

<q>For the just we have said already thet some of them were
<qex>reinstated</qex> in their pristine happiness and
felicity.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>

<hw>Re`in*state"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reinstating; the state of being
reinstated; re<?/stablishment.</def>

<hw>Re`in*sta"tion</hw> <pr>(-st?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reinstatement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re`in*struct"</hw> <pr>(-str?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To instruct anew.</def>

<hw>Re`in*sur"ance</hw> <pr>(-sh?r"<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Insurance a second time or again;
renewed insurance.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly
or in part against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody
else. See <er>Reassurance</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`in*sure"</hw> <pr>(-sh?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To insure again after a former insuranse has
ceased; to renew insurance on.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To insure, as life or property, in favor of one
who has taken an inssurance risk upon it.</def>

<q>The innsurer may cause the property insured to be
<qex>reinsured</qex> by other persons.</q>
<qau>Walsh.</qau>

<hw>Re`in*sur"er</hw> <pr>(-sh?r"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who gives reinsurance.</def>

<hw>Re*in"te*grate</hw> <pr>(r?*?n"t?*gr?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + integrate</ets>. Cf.
<er>Redintegrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To renew with regard to any
state or quality; to restore; to bring again together into a
whole, as the parts off anything; to re<?/stablish; <as>as, to
<ex>reintegrate</ex> a nation</as>.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*in`te*gra"tion</hw> <pr>(-gr?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A renewing, or making whole again. See
<er>Redintegration</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`in*ter"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*t?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To inter again.</def>

<hw>Re`in*ter"ro*gate</hw> <pr>(-t?r"r?*g?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To interrogate again; to question repeatedly.</def>

<au>Cotgrave.</au>

<hw>Re`in*throne"</hw> <pr>(-thr?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>See <er>Re\'89nthrone</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`in*thron"ize</hw> <pr>(-?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
enthrone again.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*in`tro*duce"</hw> <pr>(r?*?n`tr?*d?s")</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To introduce again.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*in`tro*duc"tion</wf> <pr>(-d<?/k"sh<?/n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re`in*vest"</hw> <pr>(r?`?n*v?st")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To invest again or anew.</def>

<hw>Re`in*ves"ti*gate</hw> <pr>(-v?s"t?*g?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To investigate again.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re`in*ves`ti*ga"tion</wf> <pr>(-g<?/"sh<?/n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re`in*vest"ment</hw> <pr>(-v?st"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of investing anew; a second or
repeated investment.</def>

<hw>Re`in*vig"or*ate</hw> <pr>(-v?g"?r*?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To invigorate anew.</def>

<hw>Re`in*volve"</hw> <pr>(-v?lv")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
involve anew.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re`is</hw> <pr>(r?"?s <or/ r?z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pg., pl. of <ets>real</ets>, an ancient Portuguese
coin.]</ety> <def>The word is used as a Portuguese designation of
money of account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to
eleven cents.</def>

<hw>Reis</hw> <pr>(r?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>ra<?/s</ets> head, chief, prince.]</ety> <def>A common title
in the East for a person in authority, especially the captain of
a ship.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rais</asp> and
<asp>ras</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>\'d8Reis` Ef*fen"di</hw> <pr>(r?s` ?f*f?n"d?)</pr>. <ety>[See
2d <er>Reis</er>, and <er>Effendi</er>.]</ety> <def>A title
formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers of state.  He
was chancellor of the empire, etc.</def>

<hw>Reiss"ner's mem"brane</hw> <pr>(r?s"n?rz m?m"br?n)</pr>.
<ety>[Named from E. <ets>Reissner</ets>, A German
anatomist.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The thin membrane which
separates the canal of the cochlea from the vestibular scala in
the internal ear.</def>

<hw>Re*is"su*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*?sh"?*?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being reissued.</def>

<hw>Re*is"sue</hw> <pr>(r?*?sh"?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To issue a second time.</def>

<hw>Re*is"sue</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or repeated
issue.</def>

<hw>Reit</hw> <pr>(r?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sedge;
seaweed.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Rei"ter</hw> <pr>(r?"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.,
rider.]</ety> <def>A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries.</def>

<hw>Re*it"er*aut</hw> <pr>(r?-?t"?r-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Reiterate</er>.]</ety>
<def>Reiterating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>

<hw>Re*it"er*ate</hw> <pr>(-<amac/t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reiterated</er>
<pr>(-<amac/`t<ecr/d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reiterating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- +
iterate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82it\'82rer</ets>, LL.
<ets>reiterare</ets> to question again.]</ety> <def>To repeat
again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes, to
repeat.</def>

<q>That with <qex>reiterated</qex> crimes he might
Heap on himself damnation.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>You never spoke what did become you less
Than this; which to <qex>reiterate</qex> were sin.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse.</syn>

<hw>Re*it"er*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reiterated; repeated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*it"er*a`ted*ly</hw> <pr>(-?`t?d-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Repeatedly.</def>

<hw>Re*it`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82it\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
reiterating; that which is reiterated.</def>

<hw>Re*it"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?-?t"?r-?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word expressing repeated or
reiterated action.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A word formed from another, or used to form
another, by repetition; <as>as, <ex>dillydally</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Reiv"er</hw> <pr>(r?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Reaver</er>.</def>

<au>Ruskin.</au>

<hw>Re*ject"</hw> <pr>(r?-j?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rejected</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rejecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>rejectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reicere</ets>,
<ets>rejicere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>jacere</ets>
to throw: cf. F. <ets>rejeter</ets>, formerly also spelt
<ets>rejecter</ets>. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cast from one; to throw away; to
discard.</def>

<q>Therefore all this exercise of hunting . . . the Utopians have
<qex>rejected</qex> to their butchers.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>

<q><qex>Reject</qex> me not from among thy children.</q>
<qau>Wisdom ix. 4.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to
decline haughtily or harshly; to repudiate.</def>

<q>That golden scepter which thou didst <qex>reject</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Because thou hast <qex>rejected</qex> knowledge, I will also
<qex>reject</qex> thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me.</q>
<qau>Hog. iv. 6.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To refuse to grant; <as>as, to <ex>reject</ex> a
prayer or request</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To repel; renounce; discard; rebuff; refuse;
decline.</syn>

<hw>Re*ject"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being, or that ought to be, rejected.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*jec`ta*men"ta</hw> <pr>(r?-j?k`t?-m?n"ta)</pr>,
<pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>rejectare</ets>, v.
intens. fr. <ets>rejicere</ets>. See <er>Reject</er>.]</ety>
<def>Things thrown out or away; especially, things excreted by a
living organism.</def>

<au>J. Fleming.</au>

<hw>Re`jec*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(r?`j?k-t?"n?-?s)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rejectaneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not
chosen orr received; rejected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdProfane, <xex>rejectaneous</xex>, and reprobate people.\'b8

<au>Barrow.</au>

<hw>Re*ject"er</hw> <pr>(r?-j?kt"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who rejects.</def>

<hw>Re*jec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-j?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>rejectio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82jection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of rejecting, or state
of being rejected.</def>

<hw>Re`jec*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(r?`j?k-t?sh"?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Implying or requiring rejection; rejectable.</def>

<au>Cudworth.</au>

<hw>Re*ject"ive</hw> <pr>(r?-j?kt"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rejecting, or tending to reject.</def>

<hw>Re*ject"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown away.</def>

<au>Eaton.</au>

<hw>Re*joice"</hw> <pr>(r?-jois")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rejoced</er>
<pr>(-joist")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rejoicing</er>
<pr>(-joi"s?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets>rejoissen</ets>,
OF. <ets>resjouir</ets>, <ets>resjoir</ets>, F.
<ets>r\'82jouir</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF,
<ets>esjouir</ets>, <ets>esjoir</ets>, F. <ets><?/jouirr</ets>,
to rejoice; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex-</ets>) + OF.
<ets>jouir</ets>, <ets>joir</ets>, F. <ets>jouir</ets>, from L.
<ets>gaudere</ets> to rejoice. See <er>Joy</er>.]</ety> <def>To
feel joy; to experience gladness in a high degree; to have
pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted.</def> \'bdO,
<xex>rejoice</xex> beyond a common joy.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>I will be glad and <qex>rejoice</qex> in thy mercy.</q>
<qau>Ps. xxxi. 7.</qau>

<syn>Syn. To delight; joy; exult; triumph.</syn>

<hw>Re*joice"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
enjoy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Peacock.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give joi to; to make joyful; to
gladden.</def>

<q>I me <qex>rejoysed</qex> of my liberty.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>While she, great saint, <qex>rejoices</qex> heaven.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<q>Were he [Cain] alive, it would <qex>rejoice</qex> his soul to
see what mischief it had made.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To please; cheer; exhilarate; delight.</syn>

<hw>Re*joice"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
rejoicing.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*joice"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Rejoicing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*joi"cer</hw> <pr>(r?-joi"s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who rejoices.</def>

<hw>Re*joi"cing</hw> <pr>(-s?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Joy; gladness; delight.</def>

<q>We should particularly express our <qex>rejoicing</qex> by
love and charity to our neighbors.</q>
<qau>R. Nelson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The expression of joy or gladness.</def>

<q>The voice of <qex>rejoicing</qex> and salvation is in the
tabernacles of the righteous.</q>
<qau>Ps. cxviii. 15.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which causes to rejoice; occasion of
joy.</def>

<q>Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever, for they
are the <qex>rejoicing</qex> of my heart.</q>
<qau>Ps. cxix. 111.</qau>

<hw>Re*joi"cing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With joi or
exultation.</def>

<hw>Re*join"</hw> <pr>(r?-join")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rejoined</er>
<pr>(-joind")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rejoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rejoindre</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>joindre</ets> to join. See
<er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Rejoinder</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To join again; to unite after separation.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come, or go, again into the presence of; to
join the company of again.</def>

<q>Meet and <qex>rejoin</qex> me, in the pensive grot.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To state in reply; -- followed by an object
clause.</def>

<hw>Re*join"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To answer to
a reply.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To answer, as the defendant to
the plaintiff's replication.</def>

<hw>Re*join"der</hw> <pr>(-d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From F.
<ets>rejoindre</ets>, inf., to join again. See
<er>Rejoin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An answer to a reply;
or, in general, an answer or reply.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The defendant's answer to the
plaintiff's replication.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Reply; ansswer; replication. See
<er>Reply</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*join"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a
rejoinder.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<hw>Re*join"dure</hw> <pr>(-d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of
joining again. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdBeguiles our lips of all
<xex>rejoindure</xex>\'b8 (i.e., kisses).</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*joint"</hw> <pr>(r<esl/-joint")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To reunite the joints of; to joint anew.</def>

<au>Barrow.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, to fill up the
joints of, as stones in buildings when the mortar has been
dislodged by age and the action of the weather.</def>

<au>Gwilt.</au>

<-- p. 1213 -->

<hw>Re*jolt"</hw> <pr>(r?-j?lt")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>These inward <qex>rejolts</qex> and recoilings of the
mind.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<hw>Re*jolt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To jolt or shake
again.</def>

<au>Locke.</au>

<hw>Re*journ"</hw> <pr>(r?-j?rn")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82ajourner</ets>. See
<er>Adjourn</er>.]</ety> <def>To adjourn; to put off.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*journ"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Adjournment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*judge"</hw> <pr>(r?-j?j")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
judge again; to re<?/xamine; to review; to call to a new trial
and decision.</def>

<q><qex>Rejudge</qex> his acts, and dignify disgrace.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<hw>Re*ju"ve*nate</hw> <pr>(r?-j?"v?-n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + L. <ets>juventis</ets> young,
youthful.]</ety> <def>To render young again.</def>

<hw>Re*ju`ve*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Rejuvenescence.</def>

<hw>Re*ju`ve*nes"cence</hw> <pr>(-n?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A renewing of youth; the state of
being or growing young again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A method of cell formation in
which the entire protoplasm of an old cell escapes by rupture of
the cell wall, and then develops a new cell wall. It is seen
sometimes in the formation of zo<?/spores, etc.</def>

<hw>Re*ju`ve*nes"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(-s<it>e</it>n-s?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Rejuvenescence.</def>

<hw>Re*ju`ve*nes"cent</hw> <pr>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Becoming, or causing to become, rejuvenated;
rejuvenating.</def>

<hw>Re*ju`ve*nize</hw> <pr>(r?-j?"v?-n?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To rejuvenate.</def>

<hw>Re*kin"dle</hw> <pr>(r?-k?n"d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To kindle again.</def>

<hw>Rek"ne</hw> <pr>(r?k"n<it>e</it>)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To reckon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*lade"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
lade or load again.</def>

<hw>Re*lad"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?d)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>
of <er>Relay</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*lais"</hw> <pr>(r<it>e</it>-l?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. See <er>Relay</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A narrow space between the foot of the
rampart and the scarp of the ditch, serving to receive the earth
that may crumble off or be washed down, and prevent its falling
into the ditch.</def>

<au>Wilhelm.</au>

<hw>Re*land"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
land again; to put on land, as that which had been shipped or
embarked.</def>

<hw>Re*land"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go on shore after
having embarked; to land again.</def>

<hw>Re*lapse"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?ps")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relapsed</er>
<pr>(-l?pst")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relapsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>relapsus</ets>, p.
p. of <ets>relabi</ets> to slip back, to relapse; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>labi</ets> to fall, slip, slide. See
<er>Lapse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To slip or slide back, in
a literal sense; to turn back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To slide or turn back into a former state or
practice; to fall back from some condition attained; -- generally
in a bad sense, as from a state of convalescence or amended
condition; <as>as, to <ex>relaps</ex> into a stupor, into vice,
or into barbarism</as>; -- sometimes in a good sense; <as>as, to
<ex>relapse</ex> into slumber after being disturbed</as>.</def>

<q>That task performed, [preachers] <qex>relapse</qex> into
themselves.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To fall from Christian faith
into paganism, heresy, or unbelief; to backslide.</def>

<q>They enter into the justified state, and so continue all
along, unless they <qex>relapse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waterland.</qau>

<hw>Re*lapse"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For sense 2 cf. F.
<ets>relaps</ets>. See <er>Relapse</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sliding or falling back, especially into a
former bad state, either of body or morals; backsliding; the
state of having fallen back.</def>

<q>Alas! from what high hope to what <qex>relapse</qex>
Unlooked for are we fallen!</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into
error; a backlider; specifically, one who, after recanting error,
returns to it again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*laps"er</hw> <pr>(-l?ps"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who relapses.</def>

<au> Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Re*laps"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked by a relapse;
falling back; tending to return to a former worse state.</def>

<cs><col>Relapsing fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an acute,
epidemic, contagious fever, which prevails also endemically in
Ireland, Russia, and some other regions. It is marked by one or
two remissions of the fever, by articular and muscular pains, and
by the presence, during the paroxism of spiral bacterium
(<spn>Spiroch\'91te</spn>) in the blood. It is not usually fatal.
Called also <altname>famine fever</altname>, and
<altname>recurring fever</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*late"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Related</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Relating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>relater</ets> to recount, LL. <ets>relatare</ets>, fr. L. 
<ets>relatus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>referre</ets>. See
<er>Elate</er>, and cf. <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To bring back; to restore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q> Abate your zealous haste, till morrow next again
Both light of heaven and strength of men <qex>relate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To refer; to ascribe, as to a source.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To recount; to narrate; to tell over.</def>

<q>This heavy act with heavy heart <qex>relate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To ally by connection or kindred.</def>

<cs><col>To relate one's self</col>, <cd>to vent thoughts in
words. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To tell; recite; narrate; recount; rehearse; report;
detail; describe.</syn>

<hw>Re*late"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stand in
some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; to refer;
-- with <xex>to</xex>.</def>

<q>All negative or privative words <qex>relate</qex> positive
ideas.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make reference; to take account.</def>
<mark>[R.& Obs.]</mark>

<q>Reckoning by the years of their own consecration without
<qex>relating</qex> to any imperial account.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Re*lat"ed</hw> <pr>(-l?t"?d)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Allied by kindred; connected by blood or
alliance, particularly by consanguinity; <as>as, persons
<ex>related</ex> in the first or second degree</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Standing in relation or connection; <as>as, the
electric and magnetic forcec are closely
<ex>related</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Narrated; told.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Relative</er>,
4.</def>

<hw>Re*lat"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or
condition of being related; relationship; affinity.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Emerson.</au>

<hw>Re*lat"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
relates or narrates.</def>

<hw>Re*la"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>relation</ets>, L.  <ets>relatio</ets>. See
<er>Relate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of relating or
telling; also, that which is related; recital; account;
narration; narrative; <as>as, the <ex>relation</ex> of historical
events</as>.</def>

<q><?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/oet's <qex>relation</qex> doth well figure
them.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being related or of referring; what
is apprehended as appertaining to a being or quality, by
considering it in its bearing upon something else; relative
quality or condition; the being such and such with regard or
respect to some other thing; connection; <as>as, the
<ex>relation</ex> of experience to knowledge; the
<ex>relation</ex> of master to servant.</as></def>

<q>Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between
two or more things, or any comparison which is made by the mind,
is a <qex>relation</qex>.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Reference; respect; regard.</def>

<q>I have been importuned to make some observations on this art
in <qex>relation</qex> to its agreement with poetry.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Connection by consanguinity or affinity;
kinship; relationship; <as>as, the <ex>relation</ex> of parents
and children</as>.</def>

<q><qex>Relations</qex> dear, and all the charities
Of father, son, and brother, first were known.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity;
a relative; a kinsman or kinswoman.</def>

<q>For me . . . my <qex>relation</qex> does not care a rush.</q>
<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The carrying back,
and giving effect or operation to, an act or proceeding frrom
some previous date or time, by a sort of fiction, as if it had
happened or begun at that time. In such case the act is said to
take effect by <xex>relation</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
act of a relator at whose instance a suit is begun.</def>

<au>Wharton. Burrill.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Recital; rehearsal; narration; account; narrative;
tale; detail; description; kindred; kinship; consanguinity;
affinity; kinsman; kinswoman.</syn>

<hw>Re*la"tion*al</hw> <pr>(r?-l?"sh?n-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having relation or kindred;
related.</def>

<q>We might be tempted to take these two nations for
<qex>relational stems</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tooke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Indicating or specifying some relation.</def>

<q><qex>Relational</qex> words, as prepositions, auxiliaries,
etc.</q>
<qau>R. Morris.</qau>

<hw>Re*la"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A relative; a
relation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*la"tion*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
related by kindred, affinity, or other alliance.</def>

<au>Mason.</au>

<hw>Rel"a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?l"?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>relatif</ets>, L. <ets>relativus</ets>. See
<er>Relate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having relation or
reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection;
pertaining; <as>as, arguments not <ex>relative</ex> to the
subject</as>.</def>

<q>I'll have grounds
More <qex>relative</qex> than this.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Arising from relation; resulting from connection
with, or reference to, something else; not absolute.</def>

<q>Every thing sustains both an absolute and a
<qex>relative</qex> capacity: an absolute, as it is such a thing,
endued with such a nature; and a <qex>relative</qex>, as it is a
part of the universe, and so stands in such a relations to the
whole.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Indicating or expressing
relation; refering to an antecedent; <as>as, a <ex>relative</ex>
pronoun</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Characterizing or pertaining
to chords and keys, which, by reason of the identify of some of
their tones, admit of a natural transition from one to the
other.</def>

<au>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</au>

<cs><col>Relative clause</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a clause
introduced by a relative pronoun.</cd> -- <col>Relative
term</col>, <cd>a term which implies relation to, as guardian to
ward, matter to servant, husband to wife.  Cf.
<er>Correlative</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rel"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,
relates to, or is considered in its relation to, something else;
a relative object or term; one of two object or term; one of two
objects directly connected by any relation.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person connected by blood or affinity;
strictly, one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or
kinswoman</def>. \'bdConfining our care . . . to ourselves and
<xex>relatives</xex>.\'b8  <au>Bp. Fell</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A relative prnoun; a word which relates
to, or represents, another word or phrase, called its
<xex>antecedent</xex>; as, the <xex>relatives</xex> \'bd who\'b8,
\'bdwhich\'b8, \'bdthat\'b8.</def>

<hw>Rel"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a relative
manner; in relation or respect to something else; not
absolutely.</def>

<q>Consider the absolute affections of any being as it is in
itself, before you consider it <qex>relatively</qex>.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<hw>Rel"a*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n</pos> <def>The state of being
relative, or having relation; relativity.</def>

<hw>Rel`a*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-t?v"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The state of being relative; <as>as, the <ex>relativity</ex>
of a subject</as>.</def>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Re*lat"or</hw> <pr>(r?-l?t"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[ L.:
cf. F. <ets>relateur</ets>. See <er>Relate</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who relates; a relater.</def> \'bdThe
several <xex>relators</xex> of this history.\'b8

<au>Fuller.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A private person at whose
relation, or in whose behalf, the attorney-general allows an
information in the nature of a <xex>quo warranto</xex> to be
filed.</def>

<hw>Re*lat"rix</hw> <pr>(-r?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A female relator.</def>

<hw>Re*lax"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?ks")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relaxed</er>
<pr>(-l?kst")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relaxing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>relaxare</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>laxare</ets> to loose, to
slacken, from <ets>laxus</ets> loose. See <er>Lax</er>, and cf.
<er>Relay</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Release</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make lax or loose; to make less close, firm,
rigid, tense, or the like; to slacken; to loosen; to open;
<as>as, to <ex>relax</ex> a rope or cord; to <ex>relax</ex> the
muscles or sinews.</as></def>

<q>Horror . . . all his joints <qex>relaxed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Nor served it to <qex>relax</qex> their serried files.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make less severe or rogorous; to abate the
stringency of; to remit in respect to strenuousness, esrnestness,
or effort; <as>as, to <ex>relax</ex> discipline; to
<ex>relax</ex> one's attention or endeavors.</as></def>

<q>The stature of mortmain was at several times
<qex>relaxed</qex> by the legilature.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to
ease; to recreate; to divert; <as>as, amusement <ex>relaxes</ex>
the mind</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to
open; <as>as, an aperient <ex>relaxes</ex> the bowels</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To slacken; loosen; loose; remit; abate; mitigate;
ease; unbend; divert.</syn>

<hw>Re*lax"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become
lax, weak, or loose; <as>as, to let one's grasp
<ex>relax</ex></as>.</def>

<q>His knees <qex>relax</qex> with toil.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To abate in severity; to become less
rigorous.</def>

<q>In others she <qex>relaxed</qex> again,
And governed with a looser rein.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To remit attention or effort; to become less
diligent; to unbend; <as>as, to <ex>relax</ex> in
study</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*lax"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Relaxation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Feltham.</au>

<hw>Re**lax"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relaxed; lax; hence,
remiss; careless.</def>

<hw>Re*lax"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being relaxed.</def>

<hw>Re*lax"ant</hw> <pr>(r?-l?ks"<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>relaxans</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>relaxare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine
that relaxes; a laxative.</def>

<hw>Re`lax*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`l?ks-?"sh?n;277)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>relaxatio</ets>; cf. F.
<ets>relaxation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process
of relaxing, or the state of being relaxed; <as>as,
<ex>relaxation</ex> of the muscles; <ex>relaxation</ex> of a
law.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Remission from attention and effort; indulgence
in recreation, diversion, or amusement.</def> \'bdHours of
careless <xex>relaxation</xex>.\'b8

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<hw>Re*lax"a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?-l?ks"?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the quality of relaxing; laxative.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A relaxant.</def></def2>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Re*lay"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relaid</er>
<pr>(-l?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref <ets>re- +  lay</ets>,
v.]</ety> <def>To lay again; to lay a second time; <as>as, to
<ex>relay</ex> a pavement</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*lay"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>relais</ets> (cf. OF. <ets>relais</ets> relaxation,
discontinuance, It. <ets>rilascio</ets> release, relief,
<ets>rilasso</ets> relay), fr. OF. <ets>relaissier</ets> to
abandon, release, fr. L. <ets>relaxare</ets>. See
<er>Relax</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A supply of anything
arranged beforehand for affording relief from time to time, or at
successive stages; provision for successive relief. Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> A supply of horses placced at stations to be in
readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may proceed
without delay. <sd>(b)</sd> A supply of hunting dogs or horses
kept in readiness at certain places to relive the tired dogs or
horses, and to continnue the pursuit of the game if it comes that
way. <sd>(c)</sd> A number of men who relieve others in carrying
on some work.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>In various forms of
telegrapfhic apparatus, a megnet which receives the circuit
current, and is caused by it to bring into into action the power
of a local battery for performing the work of making the record;
also, a similar device by which the current in one circuit is
made to open or close another circuit in which a current is
passing.</def>

<cs><col>Relay battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the local
battery which is brought into use by the action of the relay
magnet, or relay.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rel"bun</hw> <pr>(r?l"b?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The roots
of the Chilian plant <spn>Calceolaria arachnoidea</spn>, -- used
for dyeing crimson.</def>

<hw>Re*leas"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-l?s"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>That may be released.</def>

<hw>Re*lease"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re + lease</ets> to let.]</ety> <def>To lease
again; to grant a new lease of; to let back.</def>

<hw>Re*lease"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Released</er>
<pr>(r?*l?st")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Releasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>relessen</ets>,
OF. <ets>relassier</ets>, to release, to let free. See
<er>Relay</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Relax</er>, and cf.
<er>Release</er> to lease again.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To let
loose again; to set free from restraint, confinement, or
servitude; to give liberty to, or to set at liberty; to let
go.</def>

<q>Now at that feast he <qex>released</qex> unto them one
prisoner, whomsoever they desired.</q>
<qau>Mark xv. 6.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To relieve from something that confines,
burdens, or oppresses, as from pain, trouble, obligation,
penalty.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To let go, as a legal claim; to
discharge or relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by
conveying to another who has some right or estate in possession,
as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant
in possession; to quit.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation
of; <as>as, to <ex>release</ex> an ordinance</as>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Hooker.</au>

<q>A sacred vow that none should aye <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To free; liberate; loose; discharge; disengage;
extracate; let go; quit; acquit.</syn>

<hw>Re*lease"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
letting loose or freeing, or the state of being let loose or
freed; liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind, as
from confinement or bondage.</def> \'bdWho boast'st
<xex>release</xex> from hell.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relief from care, pain, or any burden.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as
from debt, penalty, or claim of any kind; acquittance.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A giving up or relinquishment
of some right or claim; a conveyance of a man's right in lands or
tenements to another who has some estate in possession; a
quitclaim.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The act of opening the
exhaust port to allow the steam to escape.</def>

<cs><col>Lease and release</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Lease</er>.</cd> -- <col>Out of release</col>, <cd>without
cessation. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Liberation; freedom; discharge. See
<er>Death</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*leas`ee"</hw> <pr>(-?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One to
whom a release is given.</def>

<hw>Re*lease"ment</hw> <pr>(r?-l?s"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of releasing, as from confinement or
obligation.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Re*leas"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
releases, or sets free.</def>

<hw>Re*leas"or</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One by
whom a release is given.</def>

<hw>Rel"e*gate</hw> <pr>(r?l"?-g?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relegated</er>
<pr>(-g?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relegating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>relegatus</ets>,
p. p. of <ets>relegare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>legare</ets> to send with a commission or charge. See
<er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <def>To remove, usually to an inferior
position; to consign; to transfer; specifically, to send into
exile; to banish.</def>

<q>It [the Latin language] was <qex>relegated</qex> into the
study of the scholar.</q>
<qau>Milman.</qau>

<hw>Rel`e*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(-g?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.  <ets>relegatio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rel<?/gation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of relegating, or
the state of being relegated; removal; banishment; exile.</def>

<hw>Re*lent"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relented</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Relenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>ralentir</ets>, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>lentus</ets> pliant, flexible, slow. See
<er>Lithe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become less rigid or
hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>He stirred the coals till <qex>relente</qex> gan
The wax again the fire.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>[Salt of tartar] placed in a cellar will . . . begin to
<qex>relent</qex>.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>

<q>When opening buds salute the welcome day,
And earth, <qex>relenting</qex>, feels the genial ray.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become less severe or intense; to become less
hard, harsh, cruel, or the like; to soften in temper; to become
more mild and tender; to feel compassion.</def>

<q>Can you . . . behold
My sighs and tears, and will not once <qex>relent</qex>?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*lent"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To slacken;
to abate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>And oftentimes he would <qex>relent</qex> his pace.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To soften; to dissolve.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mollify ; to cause to be less harsh or
severe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<-- p. 1214 -->

<hw>Re*lent"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?nt")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stay;
stop; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Nor rested till she came without <qex>relent</qex>
Unto the land of Amazona.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Re*lent"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unmoved by appeals for
sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others;
destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying;
<as>as, a prey to <ex>relentless</ex> despotism</as>.</def>

<q>For this the avenging power employs his darts,..
Thus will persist, <qex>relentless</qex> in his ire.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*lent"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*lent"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*lent"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act or process of retenting; the state of having
relented.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*lesse"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
release.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re`les*see"</hw> <pr>(r?`l?s-s?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>See <er>Releasee</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`les*sor"</hw> <pr>(-s?r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Releasor</er>.</def>

<hw>Re-let"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To let
anew, as a hous.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rel"e*vance</hw> <pr>(r?l"?*v<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Rel"e*van*cy</hw> <pr>(-v<it>a</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being
relevant; pertinency; applicability.</def>

<q>Its answer little meaning, little <qex>relevancy</qex>
bore.</q>
<qau>Poe.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Sufficiency to infer the
conclusion.</def>

<hw>Rel"e*vant</hw> <pr>(-v<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>relevant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>relever</ets> to
raise again, to relieve. See <er>Relieve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Relieving; lending aid or support.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Pownall.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case
in hand; pertinent; applicable.</def>

<q>Close and <qex>relevant</qex> arguments have very little hold
on the passions.</q>
<qau>Sydney Smith.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(SScots Law)</fld> <def>Sufficient to support
the cause.</def>

<hw>Rel"e*vant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a relevant
manner.</def>

<hw>Rel`e*va"tion</hw> <pr>(-v?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>relevatio</ets>, fr. <ets>relevare</ets>. See
<er>Relieve</er>.]</ety> <def>A raising or lifting up.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*li`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?-l?`?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of being reliable;
reliableness.</def>

<hw>Re*li"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-l?"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or
reliance; trustworthy.</def> \'bdA <xex>reliable</xex> witness to
the truth of the miracles.\'b8

<au>A. Norton.</au>

<q>The best means, and most <qex>reliable</qex> pledge, of a
higher object.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<q>According to General Livingston's humorous account, his own
village of Elizabethtown was not much more <qex>reliable</qex>,
being peopled in those agitated times by \'bdunknown,
unrecommended strangers, guilty-looking Tories, and very knavish
Whigs.\'b8</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>

<note><hand/ Some authors take exception to this word,
maintaining that it is unnecessary, and irregular in formation.
It is, however, sanctioned by the practice of many careful
writers as a most convenient substitute for the phrase <xex>to be
relied upon</xex>, and a useful synonym for
<xex>trustworthy</xex>, which is by preference applied to
persons, as <xex>reliable</xex> is to things, such as an account,
statement, or the like. The objection that adjectives derived
from neuter verbs do not admit of a passive sense is met by the
citation of <xex>laughable</xex>, worthy of being laughed
<xex>at</xex>, from the neuter verb <xex>to laugh</xex>;
<xex>available</xex>, fit or able to be availed <xex>of</xex>,
from the neuter verb <xex>to avail</xex>; <xex>dispensable</xex>,
capable of being dispensed <xex>with</xex>, from the neuter verb
<xex>to dispense</xex>. Other examples might be added.</note>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*li"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Re*li"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*li"ance</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[From <er>Rely</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
relying, or the condition or quality of being reliant;
dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind upon what is deemed
sufficient support or authority.</def>

<q>In <qex>reliance</qex> on promises which proved to be of very
little value.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of
trust; <as>as, the boat was a poor <ex>reliance</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Richardson.</au>

<hw>Re*li"ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident;
trusting.</def>

<hw>Rel"ic</hw> <pr>(r?l"?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>relique</ets>, from L. <ets>reliquiae</ets>, pl., akin to
<ets>relinquere</ets> to leave behind. See
<er>Relinquish</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also
<asp>relique</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which remains;
that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion; a
remnant.</def>

<au>Chaucer. Wyclif.</au>

<q>The <qex>relics</qex> of lost innocence.</q>
<qau>Kebe.</qau>

<q>The fragments, scraps, the bits and greasy
<qex>relics</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The body from which the soul has departed; a
corpse; especially, the body, or some part of the body, of a
deceased saint or martyr; -- usually in the plural when referring
to the whole body.</def>

<q>There are very few treasuries of <qex>relics</qex> in Italy
that have not a tooth or a bone of this saint.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>Thy <qex>relics</qex>, Rowe, to this fair urn we trust,
And sacred place by Dryden's awful dust.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in
remembrance; <as>as, <ex>relics</ex> of youthful days or
friendships</as>.</def>

<q>The pearis were split;
Some lost, some stolen, some as <qex>relics</qex> kept.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<hw>Rel"ic*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of
relics.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rel"ict</hw> <pr>(-?kt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>relicta</ets>, fr. of <ets>relictus</ets>, p. p. of
<ets>relinquere</ets> to leave behind. See
<er>Relinquish</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman whose husband is dead; a
widow.</def>

<q>Eli dying without issue, Jacob was obbliged by law to marry
his <qex>relict</qex>, and so to raise up seed to his brother
Eli.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<hw>Re*lict"ed</hw> <pr>(r?-l?kt"?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>relictus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Left
uncovered, as land by recession of water.</def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<hw>Re*lic"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-l?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>relictio</ets> a leaving behind.]</ety>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A leaving dry; a recession of the sea or
other water, leaving dry land; land left uncovered by such
recession.</def>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<hw>Re*lief"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?f")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>relef</ets>, F. <ets>relief</ets>, properly, a lifting up, a
standing out. See <er>Relieve</er>, and cf. <er>Basrelief</er>,
<er>Rilievi</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of relieving,
or the state of being relieved; the removal, or partial removal,
of any evil, or of anything oppressive or burdensome, by which
some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation; comfort; ease;
redress.</def>

<q>He seec the dire contagion spread so fast,
That, where it seizes, all <qex>relief</qex> is vain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Release from a post, or from the performance of
duty, by the intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay;
<as>as, a <ex>relief</ex> of a sentry</as>.</def>

<q>For this <qex>relief</qex> much thanks; ;tis bitter cold.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which removes or lessenc evil, pain,
discomfort, uneasiness, etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or
comfort; also, the person who relieves from performance of duty
by taking the place of another; a relay.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>A fine or composition
which the heir of a deceased tenant paid to the lord for the
privilege of taking up the estate, which, on strict feudal
principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the
tenant.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Sculp. & Arch.)</fld> <def>The projection of a
figure above the ground or plane on wwhich it is formed.</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>Relief</xex> is of three kinds, namely,
<stype>high relief</stype> (<stype>altorilievo</stype>),
<stype>low relief</stype>, (<stype>basso-rilievo</stype>), and
<stype>demirelief</stype> (<stype>mezzo-rilievo</stype>). See
these terms in the Vocabulary.</note>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The appearance of projection
given by shading, shadow, etc., to any figure.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The height to which works are
raised above the bottom of the ditch.</def>

<au>Wilhelm.</au>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Physical Geog.)</fld> <def>The elevations and
surface undulations of a country.</def>

<au>Guyot.</au>

<cs><col>Relief valve</col>, <cd>a valve arranged for relieving
pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; an escape valve.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Alleviation; mitigation; aid; help; succor;
assistance; remedy; redress; indemnification.</syn>

<hw>Re*lief"ful</hw> <pr>(r?-l?f"f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Giving relief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*lief"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of relief;
also, remediless.</def>

<hw>Re*li"er</hw> <pr>(r?-l?"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rely</er>.]</ety> <def>One who relies.</def>

<hw>Re*liev"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-l?v"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being relieved; fitted to recieve relief.</def>

<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>

<hw>Re*lieve"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relieved</er>
<pr>(-l?vd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relieving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>releven</ets>, F.
<ets>relever</ets> to raise again, discharge, relieve, fr. L.
<ets>relevare</ets> to lift up, raise, make light, relieve; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>levare</ets> to raise, fr.
<ets>levis</ets> light. See <er>Levity</er>, and cf.
<er>Relevant</er>, <er>Relief</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to
rise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to
give prominence or conspicuousness to; to <?/et off by
contrast.</def>

<q>Her tall figure <qex>relieved</qex> against the blue sky;
seemed almost of supernatural height.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To raise up something in; to introduce a
contrast or variety into; to remove the monotony or sameness
of.</def>

<q>The poet must . . . sometimes <qex>relieve</qex> the subject
with a moral reflection.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To raise or remove, as anything which depresses,
weighs down, or cruches; to render less burdensome or afflicting;
to allevate; to-abate; to mitigate; to lessen; <as>as, to
<ex>relieve</ex> pain; to <ex>relieve</ex> the wants of the
poor.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To free, wholly or partly, from any burden,
trial, evil, distress, or the like; to give ease, comfort, or
consolation to; to give aid, help, or succor to; to support,
strengthen, or deliver; <as>as, to <ex>relieve</ex> a besieged
town</as>.</def>

<q>Now lend assistance and <qex>relieve</qex> the poor.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To release from a post, station, or duty; to put
another in place of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of
any burden, or discharge of any duty.</def>

<q>Who hath <qex>relieved</qex> you?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or
oppression, by judicial or legislative interposition, as by the
removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses, or the
like; to right.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; assuage; succor; assist; aid; help;
support; substain; ease; mitigate; lighten; diminish; remove;
free; remedy; redress; indemnify.</syn>

<hw>Re*liev"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved;
relief; release.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<hw>Re*liev"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, relieves.</def>

<hw>Re*liev"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving or tending to
relieve.</def>

<cs><col>Relieving arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a
discharging arch. See under <er>Discharge</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos></cd> -- <col>Relieving tackle</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A temporary tackle attached to the tiller of a
vessel during gales or an action, in case of accident to the
tiller ropes</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A strong tackle from a wharf
to a careened vessel, to prevent her from going over entirely,
and to assist in righting her.</cd></cs>

<au>Totten.  Craig.</au>

<hw>Re*lie"vo</hw> <pr>(r?-l?"v?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>rilievo</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Relief</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 5.</def>

<hw>Re*light"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
light or kindle anew.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Re*li`gi`euse"</hw>
<pr>(r<xex>e</xex>-l?`zh?`?z")</pr>, <pos>n. f.</pos>
<hw>\'d8Re*li`gi`eux"</hw> <pr>(r<xex>e</xex>-l?`zh?`?")</pr>,
<pos>n. m.</pos> }</mhw><ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A person bound by
monastic vows; a nun; a monk.</def>

<hw>Re*li"gion</hw> <pr>(r?-l?j"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
from L. <ets>religio</ets>; cf. <ets>religens</ets> pious,
revering the gods, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to head, have a care. Cf.
<er>Neglect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The outward act or form
by which men indicate their recognition of the existence of a god
or of gods having power over their destiny, to whom obedience,
service, and honor are due; the feeling or expression of human
love, fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power,
whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites and
ceremonies, or by the conduct of life; a system of faith and
worship; a manifestation of piety; <as>as, ethical
<ex>religions</ex>; monotheistic <ex>religions</ex>; natural
<ex>religion</ex>; revealed <ex>religion</ex>; the
<ex>religion</ex> of the Jews; the <ex>religion</ex> of idol
worshipers</as>.</def>

<q>An orderly life so far as others are able to observe us is now
and then produced by prudential motives or by dint of habit; but
without seriousness there can be no religious principle at the
bottom, no course of conduct from religious motives; in a word,
there can be no <qex>religion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Paley.</qau>

<q><qex>Religion</qex> [was] not, as too often now, used as
equivalent for godliness; but . . . it expressed the outer form
and embodiment which the inward spirit of a true or a false
devotion assumed.</q>
<qau>Trench.</qau>

<q>Religions, by which are meant the modes of sdivine worship
proper to different tribes, nations, or communities, and based on
the belief held in common by the members of them severally . . .
There is no living <qex>religion</qex> without something like a
doctrine. On the other hand, a doctrine, however elaborate, does
not constitute a <qex>religion</qex>.</q>
<qau> C. P. Tiele (Encyc. Brit. ).</qau>

<q><qex>Religion</qex> . . . means the conscious relation between
man and God, and the expression of that relation in human
conduct.</q>
<qau>J. K\'94stlin (Schaff-Herzog Encyc. )</qau>

<q>After the most straitest sect of our <qex>religion</qex> I
lived a Pharisce.</q>
<qau>Acts xxvi. 5.</qau>

<q>The image of a brute, adorned
With gay <qex>religions</qex> full of pomp and gold.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, conformity in faith and life to
the precepts inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of
life and duty toward God and man; the Christian faith and
practice.</def>

<q>Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can
be maintained without <qex>religion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Washington.</qau>

<q><qex>Religion</qex> will attend you . . . as pleasant and
useful companion in every proper place, and every temperate
occupation of life.</q>
<qau>Buckminster.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(R.C.CH.)</fld> <def>A monastic or religious
order subject to a regulated mode of life; the religious state;
<as>as, to enter <ex>religion</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Trench.</au>

<q>A good man was there of <qex>religion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any
practice, as if it were an enjoined rule of conduct.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Those parts of pleading which in ancient times might perhaps
be material, but at this time are become only mere styles and
forms, are still continued with much <qex>religion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<note><hand/ <xex>Religion</xex>, as distinguished from
<xex>theology</xex>, is subjective, designating the feelings and
acts of men which relate to God; while <xex>theology</xex> is
objective, and denotes those ideas which man entertains
respecting the God whom he worships, especially his systematized
views of God. As distinguished from <xex>morality</xex>,
<xex>religion</xex> denotes the influences and motives to human
duty which are found in the character and will of God, while
<xex>morality</xex> describes the duties to man, to which true
<xex>religion</xex> always influences. As distinguished from
<xex>piety</xex>, <xex>religion</xex> is a high sense of moral
obligation and spirit of reverence or worship which affect the
heart of man with respect to the Deity, while <xex>piety</xex>,
which first expressed the feelings of a child toward a parent, is
used for that filial sentiment of veneration and love which we
owe to the Father of all. As distinguished from
<xex>sanciti</xex>, <xex>religion</xex> is the means by which
<xex>sanctity</xex> is achieved, <xex>sanctity</xex> denoting
primarily that purity of heart and life which results from
habitual communion with God, and a sense of his continual
presence.</note>

<cs><col>Natural religion</col>, <cd>a religion based upon the
evidences of a God and his qualities, which is supplied by
natural phenomena. See <cref>Natural theology</cref>, under
<er>Natural</er>.</cd> -- <col>Religion of humanity</col>, <cd>a
name sometimes given to a religion founded upon positivism as a
philosophical basis.</cd> -- <col>Revealed religion</col>,
<cd>that which is based upon direct communication of God's will
to mankind; especially, the Christian religion, based on the
revelations recorded in the Old and New Testaments.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*li"gion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(r?-l?j"?n-?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Relating to religion; pious; <as>as, <ex>religionary</ex>
professions</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*li"gion*a*ry</hw>, <hw>Re*li"gion*er</hw>
<pr>(-?r)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A religionist.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*li"gion*ism</hw> <pr>(-?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The practice of, or devotion to, religion.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affectation or pretense of religion.</def>

<hw>Re*li"gion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One earnestly devoted
or attached to a religion; a religious zealot.</def>

<q>The chief actors on one side were, and were to be, the Puritan
<qex>religionists</qex>.</q>
<qau>Palfrey.</qau>

<q>It might be that an Antinomian, a Quaker, or other heterodo<?/
<qex>religionists</qex>, was to be scourged out of the town.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<hw>Re*li"gion*ize</hw> <pr>(-?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
bring under the influence of religion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Mallock.</au>

<hw>Re*li"gion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
religion.</def>

<hw>Re*lig`i*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-l?j`?-?s"?-t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>religiositas</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>religiosit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being
religious; religious feeling or sentiment; religiousness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>M. Arnold.</au>

<hw>Re*li"gious</hw> <pr>(r?-l?j"?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[OF. <ets>religius</ets>, <ets>religious</ets>, F.
<ets>religieux</ets>, from L.  <ets>religiosus</ets>. See
<er>Religion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to
religion; concerned with religion; teaching, or setting forth,
religion; set apart to religion; <as>as, a <ex>religious</ex>
society; a <ex>religious</ex> sect; a <ex>religious</ex> place;
<ex>religious</ex> subjects, books, teachers, houses,
wars.</as></def>

<q>Our law forbids at their <qex>religious</qex> rites
My presence.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious;
godly; <as>as, a <ex>religious</ex> man, life, behavior,
etc.</as></def>

<q>Men whose lives
<qex>Religious</qex> titled them the sons of God.</q>
<qau>Mlton</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict.</def>

<q>Thus, Indianlike,
<qex>Religious</qex> in my error, I adore
The sun, that looks upon his worshiper.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Belonging to a religious order; bound by
vows.</def>

<q>One of them is <qex>religious</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Pious; godly; holy; devout; devotional;
conscientious; strict; rogod; exact.</syn>

<hw>Re*li"gious</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person bound by
monastic vows, or sequestered from secular concern, and devoted
to a life of piety and religion; a monk or friar; a nun.</def>

<au>Addison.</au>

<hw>Re*li"gious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a religious
manner.</def>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Re*li"gious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of
being religious.</def>

<hw>Rel"ik</hw> <pr>(r?l"?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Relic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*lin"quent</hw> <pr>(r?-l?n"kw<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>relinquens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>relinqquere</ets>. See <er>Relinquish</er>.]</ety>
<def>Relinquishing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*lin"quent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
relinquishes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*lin"quish</hw> <pr>(-kw?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relinquished</er>
<pr>(-kw?sht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relinquishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>relinquir</ets>, L. <ets>relinquere</ets> to leave behind;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>linquere</ets> to leave. See
<er>Loan</er>, and cf. <er>Relic</er>, <er>Relict</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist
from; to abandon; to quit; <as>as, to <ex>relinquish</ex> a
pursuit</as>.</def>

<q>We ought to <qex>relinquish</qex> such rites.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<q>They placed Irish tenants upon the lands
<qex>relinquished</qex> by the English.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign;
<as>as, to <ex>relinquish</ex> a debt</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To resign; leave; quit; forsake; abandon; desert;
renounce; forb<?/ar; forego. See <er>Resign</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*lin"quish*er</hw> <pr>(-r?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who relinquishes.</def>

<hw>Re*lin"quish*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of relinquishing.</def>

<hw>Rel"i*qua*ry</hw> <pr>(r?l"?-kw?-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(-r<icr/z)</pr>.</plu>
<ety>[LL.<ets>reliquiarium</ets>, <ets>reliquiare</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>reliquaire</ets>. See <er>Relic</er>.]</ety> <def>A
depositary, often a small box or casket, in which relics are
kept.</def>

<hw>Re*lique"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?k")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Relic</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re*liq"ui*\'91/</hw> <pr>(r?-l?k"w?-?)</pr>,
<pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[L. See <er>Relic</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Remains of the dead; organic remains;
relics.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Induvi\'91</er>.</def>

<-- p. 1215 -->

<hw>Re*liq"ui*an</hw> <pr>(r?-l?k"w?-<it>a</it>n)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; of the
nature of a relic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*liq"ui*date</hw> <pr>(r?-l?k"w?-d?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time.</def>

<hw>Re*liq`ui*da"tion</hw> <pr>(-d\'b5"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment.</def>

<au>A. Hamilton.</au>

<hw>Rel"ish</hw> <pr>(r?l"?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relished</er>
<pr>(-<?/sht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of. <ets>relechier</ets>
to lick or taste anew; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re-+
<ets>lechier</ets> to lick, F. <ets>l<?/cher</ets>. See
<er>Lecher</er>, <er>Lick</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To taste
or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to partake of with
gratification; hence, to enjoy; to be pleased with or gratified
by; to experience pleasure from; <as>as, to <ex>relish</ex>
food</as>.</def>

<q>Now I begin to <qex>relish</qex> thy advice.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>He knows how to prize his advantages, and to <qex>relish</qex>
the honors which he enjoys.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a relish to; to cause to taste
agreeably.</def>

<q>A savory bit that served to <qex>relish</qex> wine.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Rel"ish</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have a pleasing or
appetizing taste; to give gratification; to have a flavor.</def>

<q>Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have
<qex>relished</qex> among my other discredits.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>A theory, which, how much soever it may <qex>relish</qex> of
wit and invention, hath no foundation in nature.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>

<hw>Rel"ish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pleasing
taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; hence, enjoyable
quality; power of pleasing.</def>

<q>Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained
From this delightful fruit, nor known till now
True <qex>relish</qex>, tasting.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>When liberty is gone,
Life grows insipid, and has lost its <qex>relish</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Savor; quality; characteristic tinge.</def>

<q>It preserve some <qex>relish</qex> of old writing.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness.</def>

<q>A <qex>relish</qex> for whatever was excelent in arts.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<q>I have a <qex>relish</qex> for moderate praise, because it
bids fair to be j<?/dicious.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is used to impart a flavor;
specifically, something taken with food to render it more
palatable or to stimulate the appetite; a condiment.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Taste; savor; flavor; appetite; zest; gusto; liking;
delight.</syn>

<hw>Rel"ish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The
projection or shoulder at the side of, or around, a tenon, on a
tenoned piece.</def>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Rel"ish*a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being relished; agreeable to the taste;
gratifying.</def>

<hw>Re*live"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?v")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
live again; to revive.</def>

<hw>Re*live"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To recall to life; to
revive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*load"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
load again, as a gun.</def>

<hw>Re*loan"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
lending of the same thing; a renewal of a loan.</def>

<hw>Re*lo"cate</hw> <pr>(r?-l?"k?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To locate again.</def>

<hw>Re`lo*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`l\'b5-k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A second location.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Roman & Scots Law)</fld> <def>Renewal of a
lease.</def>

<hw>Re*lodge"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?j")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
lodge again.</def>

<hw>Re*love"</hw> <pr>(-l?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To love
in return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*lu"cent</hw> <pr>(r?-l?"s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>relucens</ets>, p. pr. <ets>relucere</ets>. See
<er>Lucent</er>.]</ety> <def>Reflecting light; shining;
glittering; glistening; bright; luminous; splendid.</def>

<q>Gorgeous banners to the sun expand
Their streaming volumes of <qex>relucent</qex> gold.</q>
<qau>Glover.</qau>

<hw>Re*luct"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reluctari</ets>, p. p. <ets>reluctatus</ets>, to struggle;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>luctari</ets> to struggle, fr.
<ets>lucia</ets> a wresting.]</ety> <def>To strive or struggle
against anything; to make resistance; to draw back; to feel or
show repugnance or reluctance.</def>

<q>Apt to <qex>reluct</qex> at the excesses of it [passion].</q>
<qau>Walton.</qau>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*luc"tance</hw> <pr>(r?-l?k"t<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*luc"tan*cy</hw> <pr>(-t<it>a</it>n-s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Reluctant</er>.]</ety> <def>The state
or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; aversion of mind;
unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive, or by
<xex>to</xex> and a noun, formerly sometimes by
<xex>against</xex>.</def> \'bdTempering the severity of his looks
with a <xex>reluctance</xex> to the action.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<q>He had some <qex>reluctance</qex> to obey the summons.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<q>Bear witness, Heaven, with what <qex>reluctancy</qex>
Her helpless innocence I doom to die.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Syn</hw><def>. See <er>Dislike</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*luc"tant</hw> <pr>(-t<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reluctans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>reluctari</ets>. See <er>Reluct</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling; disinclined;
loth.</def>

<q><qex>Reluctant</qex>, but in vain.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q><qex>Reluctant</qex> now I touched the trembling string.</q>
<qau>Tickell.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with
reluctance; <as>as, <ex>reluctant</ex> obedience</as>.</def>

<au>Mitford.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Averse; unwilling; loth; disinclined; repugnant;
backward; coy. See <er>Averse</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*luc"tant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reluctant
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*luc"tate</hw> <pr>(-t?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reluct</er>.]</ety> <def>To struggle against anything; to
resist; to oppose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo delude their
<xex>reluctating</xex> consciences.\'b8

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<hw>Rel`uc*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r?l`?k-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Repugnance; resistance; reluctance.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*lume"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relumed</er>
<pr>(-l?md")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reluming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>relumer</ets> (cf.
F. <ets>rallumer</ets>), L. <ets>reluminare</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>luminare</ets> to light. Cf.
<er>Reillume</er>.]</ety> <def>To rekindle; to light again.</def>

<q><qex>Relumed</qex> her ancient light, not kindled new.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>I know not where is that Promethean heat
That can thy light <qex>relume</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*lu"mine</hw> <pr>(r?-l?"m?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relumined</er>
<pr>(-m?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relumining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Relume</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To light anew; to
rekindle.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To illuminate again.</def>

<hw>Re*ly"</hw> <pr>(r?-l?")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Relied</er>
<pr>(-l?d")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Relying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + lie</ets>
to rest.]</ety> <def>To rest with confidence, as when fully
satisfied of the veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or
of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to
trust; to depend; -- with <xex>on</xex>, formerly also with
<xex>in</xex>.</def>

<q>Go in thy native innocence; <qex>rely</qex>
On what thou hast of virtue.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>On some fond breast the parting soul <qex>relies</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To trust; depend; confide; repose.</syn>

<hw>Re*made"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?d")</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> of <er>Remake</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*main"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?n")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Remained</er>
<pr>(-m?nd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Remaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>remaindre</ets>,
<ets>remanoir</ets>, L.  <ets>remanere</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>manere</ets> to stay, remain. See
<er>Mansion</er>, and cf. <er>Remainder</er>,
<er>Remnant</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left
after others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a
number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as
not included or comprised.</def>

<q>Gather up the fragments that <qex>remain</qex>.</q>
<qau>John vi. 12.</qau>

<q>Of whom the greater part <qex>remain</qex> unto this present,
but some are fallen asleep.</q>
<qau>1 Cor. xv. 6.</qau>

<q>That . . . <qex>remains</qex> to be proved.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To continue unchanged in place, form, or
condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to
endure; to last.</def>

<q><qex>Remain</qex> a widow at thy father's house.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxxviii. 11.</qau>

<q>Childless thou art; childless <qex>remain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To continue; stay; wait; tarry; rest; sojourn;
dwell; abide; last; endure.</syn>

<hw>Re*main"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To await; to be left
to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>The easier conquest now <qex>remains</qex> thee.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*main"m</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>State of
remaining; stay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Which often, since my here <qex>remain</qex> in England,
I 've seen him do.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly
in the plural.</def> \'bdThe <xex>remains</xex> of old Rome.\'b8

<au>Addison.</au>

<q>When this <qex>remain</qex> of horror has entirely
subsided.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> Specif., in the plural: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which
is left of a human being after the life is gone; relics; a dead
body.</def>

<q>Old warriors whose adored <qex>remains</qex>
In weeping vaults her hallowed earth contains!</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The posthumous works or productions, esp.
literary works, of one who is dead; as, Cecil's</def>
<xex>Remains</xex>.

<hw>Re*main"der</hw> <pr>(r?-m?n"d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[OF. <ets>remaindre</ets>, inf. See <er>Remain</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything that remains, or is left, after the
separation and removal of a part; residue; remnant.</def> \'bdThe
last <xex>remainders</xex> of unhappy Troy.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<q>If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes off
clear, the <qex>remainder</qex> yields no salt.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The quantity or sum that is
left after subtraction, or after any deduction.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An estate in expectancy,
generally in land, which becomes an estate in possession upon the
determination of a particular prior estate, created at the same
time, and by the same instrument; for example, if land be
conveyed to A for life, and on his death to B, A's life interest
is a particuar estate, and B's interest is a
<xex>remainder</xex>, or <xex>estate in remainder</xex>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Balance; rest; residue; remnant; leavings.</syn>

<hw>Re*main"der</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Remaining; left; left
over; refuse.</def>

<q>Which is as dry as the <qex>remainder</qex> biscuit
After a voyage.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*main"der-man</hw> <pr>(- m<acr/n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Remainder-men</plw> <pr>(-m<ecr/n)</pr>.</plu>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who has an estate after a particular
estate is determined. See <er>Remainder</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
3.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re*make"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?k")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
make anew.</def>

<hw>Re*mand"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Remanded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Remanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>remander</ets> to send word again, L. <ets>remandare</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>mandare</ets> to commit, order,
send word. See <er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <def>To recommit; to send
back.</def>

<q><qex>Remand</qex> it to its former place.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>Then were they <qex>remanded</qex> to the cage again.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>

<hw>Re*mand"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of remanding; the
order for recommitment.</def>

<hw>Re*mand"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A remand.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rem"a*nence</hw> <pr>(r?m"?*n<it>e</it>ns)</pr>
<hw>Rem"a*nen*cy</hw> <pr>(-n<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>remanence</ets>, LL.
<ets>remanentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>remanens</ets>. See
<er>Remanent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The state of being
remanent; continuance; permanence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<q>The <qex>remanence</qex> of the will in the fallen spirit.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Rem"a*nent</hw> <pr>(-n<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Remanent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>That which
remains; a remnant; a residue.</def>

<hw>Rem"a*nent</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>remanens</ets>,
p. pr. of <ets>remanere</ets>. See <er>Remain</er>, and cf.
<er>Remnant</er>.]</ety> <def>Remaining; residual.</def>

<q>That little hope that is <qex>remanent</qex> hath its degree
according to the infancy or growth of the habit.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<cs><col>Remanent magnetism</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>,
<cd>magnetism which remains in a body that has little coercive
force after the magnetizing force is withdrawn, as soft iron; --
called also <altname>residual magnetism<altname>.<cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Rem"a*net</hw> <pr>(-n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
it remains.]</ety> <fld>(Legal Practice)</fld> <def>A case for
trial which can not be tried during the term; a postponed
case.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Re-mark"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?rk")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>mark</ets>.]</ety> <def>To mark
again, or a second time; to mark anew.</def>

<hw>Re*mark"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?rk")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Remarked</er>
<pr>(-m?rkt")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Remarking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>remarquer</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>marquer</ets> to mark,
<ets>marque</ets> a mark, of German origin, akin to E.
<ets>mark</ets>. See <er>Mark</er>, <pos>v.</pos>&
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark in a notable
manner; to distinquish clearly; to make noticeable or
conspicuous; to piont out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Thou art a man <qex>remarked</qex> to taste a mischief.</q>
<qau>Ford.</qau>

<q>His manacles <qex>remark</qex> him; there he sits.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take notice of, or to observe, mentally;
<as>as, to <ex>remark</ex> the manner of a speaker</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To express in words or writing, as observed or
noticed; to state; to say; -- often with a substantive clause;
<as>as, he <ex>remarked</ex> that it was time to go</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To observe; notice; heed; regard; note; say.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Remark</er>, <er>Observe</er>, <er>Notice</er>. To
<xex>observe</xex> is to keep or hold a thing distinctly before
the mind. To <xex>remark</xex> is simply to mark or take note of
whatever may come up. To <xex>notice</xex> implies still less
continuity of attention. When we turn from these mental states to
the <xex>expression</xex> of them in language, we find the same
distinction.  An <xex>observation</xex> is properly the result of
somewhat prolonged thought; a <xex>remark</xex> is usually
suggested by some passing occurence; a <xex>notice</xex> is in
most cases something cursory and short. This distinction is not
always maintained as to <xex>remark</xex> and <xex>observe</xex>,
which are often used interchangeably. \'bd<xex>Observing</xex>
men may form many judgments by the rules of similitude and
proportion.\'b8 <au>I. Watts</au>. \'b8He can not distinguish
difficult and noble speculations from trifling and vulgar
<xex>remarks</xex>.\'b8 <au>Collier</au>. \'b8The thing to be
regarded, in taking <xex>notice</xex> of a child's miscarriage,
is what root it springs from.\'b8 <au>Locke</au>.</usage>

<hw>Re*mark"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?rk")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
make a remark or remarks; to comment.</def>

<hw>Re*mark"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>remarque</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of remarking or
attentively noticing; notice or observation.</def>

<q>The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude
Conjecture and <qex>remark</qex>, however shrewd.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The expression, in speech or writing, of
something remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is
worthy of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation,
comment, or statement; <as>as, a pertinent
<ex>remark</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Observation; note; comment; annotation.</syn>

<hw>Re*mark"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>remarquable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of being remarked or
noticed; noticeable; conspicuous; hence, uncommon;
extraordinary.</def>

<q>'T is <qex>remarkable</qex>, that they
Talk most who have the least to say.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<q>There is nothing left <qex>remarlable</qex>
Beneath the visiting moon.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Observable; noticeable; extraordinary; unusual;
rare; strange; wonderful; notable; eminent.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*mark"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Re*mark"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*mark"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
remarks.</def>

<hw>Re*mar"riage</hw> <pr>(r?-m?r"r?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
second or repeated marriage.</def>

<hw>Re*mar"ry</hw> <pr>(r?-m?r"rr?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To marry again.</def>

<hw>Re*mast"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?st")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
furnish with a new mast or set of masts.</def>

<hw>Re*mas"ti*cate</hw> <pr>(r?-m?s"t?-k?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over,
as the cud.</def>

<hw>Re*mas`ti*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(-k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly.</def>

<hw>Rem"berge</hw> <pr>(r?m"b?rj)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ramberge</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rem`blai"</hw> <pr>(r?n`bl?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F., fr. remblayer to fill up an excavation, to
embank.]</ety> <fld>(Fort. & Engin.)</fld> <def>Earth or
materials made into a bank after having been excavated.</def>

<hw>Rem"ble</hw> <pr>(r<?/m"b'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
OF. <ets>embler</ets> to steal, fr. L. <ets>involare</ets> to fly
into or at, to carry off.]</ety> <def>To remove</def>.
<mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<au>Grose. Tennyson.</au>

<hw>Reme</hw> <pr>(r<?/m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Realm</def>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer</au>.

<hw>Re*mean"</hw> <pr>(r<?/-m<?/n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to
interpret</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Wyclif</au>.

<hw>Re"me*ant</hw> <pr>(r<?/"m<?/*<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>remeans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.
pr. of <ets>remeare</ets> to go or come back.]</ety> <def>Coming
back; returning</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdLike the
<xex>remeant</xex> sun.\'b8

<au>C. Kingsley.</au>

<hw>Re*meas"ure</hw> <pr>(r?-m?zh"?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To measure again; to retrace.</def>

<q>They followed him . . . 
The way they came, their steps <qex>remeasured</qex> right.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>

<hw>Re*mede"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?d")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Remedy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*me"di*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-m?"d?-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>remediabilis</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rem\'82diable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being remedied
or cured.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*me"di*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
-<wf>Re*me"di*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*me"di*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>remedialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affording a remedy;
intended for a remedy, or for the removal or abatement of an
evil; <as>as, <ex>remedial</ex> treatment</as>.</def>

<q>Statutes are declaratory or <qex>remedial</qex>.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<q>It is an evil not compensated by any beneficial result; it is
not <qex>remedial</qex>, not conservative.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<hw>Re*me"di*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a remedial
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*me"di*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Remedial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*med"i*less</hw> <pr>(r?-m?d"?-l?s <or/ r?m"?-d?-l?s;
277)</pr> <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being
restored or corrected; incurable; irreparable; <as>as, a
<ex>remediless</ex> mistake or loss</as>.</def> \'bdChains
<xex>remedilesse</xex>.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>Hopeless are all my evils, all <qex>remediless</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Forced to forego the attempt <qex>remediless</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Incurable; cureless; irremediable; irrecoverable;
irretrievable; irreparable; desperate.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*med"i*less</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Udall.</au> -- <wf>Re*med"i*less*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*med"i*less*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rem"e*dy</hw> <pr>(r?m"?-d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Remedies</plw> <pr>(-d<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.
<ets>remedium</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>mederi</ets>
to heal, to cure: cf. F. <ets>rem\'8ade</ets> remedy,
<ets>rem\'82dier</ets> to remedy. See <er>Medical</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which relieves or cures a disease; any
medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores
health; -- with <xex>for</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>remedy</ex> for the
gout</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which corrects or counteracts an evil of
any kind; a corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; --
followed by <xex>for</xex> or <xex>against</xex>, formerly by
<xex>to</xex>.</def>

<q>What may else be <qex>remedy</qex> or cure
To evils which our own misdeeds have wrought,
He will instruct us.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The legal means to recover a
right, or to obtain redress for a wrong.</def>

<cs><col>Civil remedy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Civil</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Remedy of the mint</col> <fld>(Coinage)</fld>, <cd>a
small allowed deviation from the legal standard of weight and
fineness; -- called also <altname>tolerance</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Cure; restorative; counteraction; reparation;
redress; relief; aid; help; assistance.</syn>

<hw>Rem"e*dy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Remedied</er> <pr>(-d?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Remedying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>remediare</ets>, <ets>remediari</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rem<?/dier</ets>. See <er>Remedy</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<def>To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to
repair; to redress; to correct; to counteract.</def>

<q>I will <qex>remedy</qex> this gear ere long.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*melt"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?lt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
melt again.</def>

<hw>Re*mem"ber</hw> <pr>(r?-m?m"b?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Remembered</er>
<pr>(-b?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Remembering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>remebrer</ets>,
L. <ets>rememorari</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>memorare</ets> to bring to remembrance, from
<ets>memor</ets> mindful. See <er>Memory</er>, and cf.
<er>Rememorate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have ( a notion
or idea) come into the mind again, as previously perceived,
known, or felt; to have a renewed apprehension of; to bring to
mind again; to think of again; to recollect; <as>as, I
<ex>remember</ex> the fact; he <ex>remembers</ex> the events of
his childhood; I cannot <ex>remember</ex> dates.</as></def>

<q>We are said to <qex>remember</qex> anithing, when the idea of
it arise<?/ in the mind with the consciousness that we have had
this idea before.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be capable of recalling when required; to
keep in mind; to be continually aware or thoughtful of; to
preserve fresh in the memory; to attend to; to think of with
gratitude, affection, respect, or any other emotion.</def>

<q><qex>Remember</qex> the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.</q>
<qau>Ex. xx. 8.</qau>

<q>That they may have their wages duly paid 'em,
And something over to <qex>remember</qex> me by.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q><qex>Remember</qex> what I warn thee; shun to taste.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<-- p. 1216 -->

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put in mind; to remind; -- also used
reflexively and impersonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Remembering</xex> them the trith of what they themselves
known.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>My friends <qex>remembered</qex> me of home.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<q><qex>Remember</qex> you of passed heaviness.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>And well thou wost [knowest] if it <qex>remember</qex>
thee.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAs in
many cases hereafter to be <xex>remembered</xex>.\'b8

<au>Ayliffe.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To recall to the mind of another, as in the
friendly messages, <xex>remember</xex> me to him, he wishes to be
<xex>remembered</xex> to you, etc.</def>

<hw>Re*mem"ber</hw> <pr>(r?-m?m"b?r)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<def>To execise or have the power of memory; <as>as, some
<ex>remember</ex> better than others</as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*mem"ber*a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable or worthy of being remembered.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*mem"ber*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<-- = memorable -->

<q>The whole vale of Keswick is so <qex>rememberable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Re*mem"ber*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
remembers.</def>

<hw>Re*mem"brance</hw> <pr>(-br<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[OF. <ets>remembrance</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or
bringing to mind; recollection.</def>

<q>Lest fierce <qex>remembrance</qex> wake my sudden rage.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Lest the <qex>remembrance</qex> of his grief should fail.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being remembered, or held in mind;
memory; recollection.</def>

<q>This, ever grateful, in <qex>remembrance</qex> bear.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something remembered; a person or thing kept in
memory.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a
memorial; a token; a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of
something to be remembered.</def>

<q>And on his breast a bloody cross he bore,
The dear <qex>remembrance</qex> of his dying Lord.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>Keep this <qex>remembrance</qex> for thy Julia's sake.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Something to be remembered; counsel;
admoni<?/<?/on; instruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Power of remembering; reach of personal
knowledge; period over which one's memory extends.</def>

<q>Thee I have heard relating what was done
Ere my <qex>remembrance</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Recollection; reminiscence. See
<er>Memory</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*mem"bran*cer</hw> <pr>(-br<it>a</it>n-s?r)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, serves to
bring to, or keep in, mind; a memento; a memorial; a
reminder.</def>

<q>Premature consiolation is but the <qex>remembrancer</qex> of
sorrow.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<q>Ye that are the lord's <qex>remembrancers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Isa. lxii. 6. (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A term applied in England to several officers,
having various functions, their duty originally being to bring
certain matters to the attention of the proper persons at the
proper time.</def> \'bdThe <xex>remembrancer</xex> of the lord
treasurer in the exchequer.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*mem"o*rate</hw> <pr>(-?-r?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>rememoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>rememorari</ets>.
See <er>Remember</er>.]</ety> <def>To recall something by means
of memory; to remember.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bryskett.</au>

<hw>Re*mem`o*ra"tuin</hw> <pr>(-r?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>rem<?/moration</ets>, or L.
<ets>rememoratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A recalling by the faculty of
memory; remembrance.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>

<hw>Re*mem"o*ra*tive</hw> <pr>(r?-mEm"?-r?-t?v)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending or serving to remind.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rem"e*nant</hw> <pr>(r?m"?-n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A remnant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*m</hw>,<hw>er"cie</hw>, <hw>Re*mer"cy</hw>  }</mhw>
<pr>(r?-mER"s?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>remercier</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF.
<ets>mercier</ets> to thank, from OF. & F. <ets>merci</ets>. See
<er>Mercy</er>.]</ety> <def>To thank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>She him <qex>remercied</qex> as the patron of her life.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Re*merge"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?rj")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
merge again.</def> \'bd<xex>Remerging</xex> in the general
Soul.\'b8

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*meve"</hw> <pr>(r?-mEv")</pr>, <hw>Re*mewe"</hw>
<pr>(r?-m?")</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rem"i*form</hw> <pr>(r?m"?*f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>remus</ets> oar + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like
an oar.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rem"i*ges</hw> <pr>(r?m"?*j?z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;
<sing>sing. <singw>Remex</singw>. (r<?/"m<?/ks)</sing>. <ety>[L.
<ets>remex</ets>, <ets>-igis</ets>, an oarsman.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The quill feathers of the wings of a
bird.</def>

<hw>Rem"i*grate</hw> <pr>(r?m"?-gr?t <or/ r?-m?"gr?t; 277)</pr>,
<pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>remigrare</ets>. See <er>Re</er>-,
and <er>Migrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To migrate again; to go back;
to return.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Rem`i*gra"tion</hw> <pr>(r?m`?-gr?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Migration back to the place from which one came.</def>

<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>

<hw>Re*mind"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the remembrance of;
to bring to the notice or consideration of (a person).</def>

<q>When age itself, which will not be defied, shall begin to
arrest, seize, and <qex>remind</qex> us of our mortality.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<hw>Re*mind"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken
remembrance.</def>

<hw>Re**mind"ful</hw> <pr>(f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending
or adapted to remind; careful to remind.</def>

<au>Southey.</au>

<hw>Rem`i*nis"cence</hw> <pr>(r?m`?-n?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82miniscence</ets>, L.
<ets>reminiscentia</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
power of recalling past experience; the state of being
reminiscent; remembrance; memory.</def>

<q>The other part of memory, called <qex>reminiscence</qex>,
which is the retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or but
confusedly remembered.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>I forgive your want of <qex>reminiscence</qex>, since it is
long since I saw you.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a
statement or narration of remembered experience; a recollection;
<as>as, pleasing or painful <ex>reminiscences</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Remembrance; recollection. See
<er>Memory</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rem`i*nis"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(-s<it>e</it>n-s?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Reminiscence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rem`i*nis"cent</hw> <pr>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reminiscens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>reminisci</ets> to recall to mind, to recollect;
pref.<ets>re-</ets> re + a word akin to <ets>mens</ets> mind,
<ets>memini</ets> I remember. See <er>Mind</er>.]</ety>
<def>Recalling to mind, or capable of recalling to mind; having
remembrance; reminding one of something.</def>

<q>Some other of existence of which we have been previously
conscious, and are now <qex>reminiscent</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<hw>Rem`i*nis"cent</hw> <pr>(r?m`?-n?s"s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is addicted to indulging, narrating,
or recording reminiscences.</def>

<hw>Rem`i*nis*cen"tial</hw> <pr>(-n?s-s?n"sh<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to reminiscence, or
remembrance.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Rem"i*ped</hw> <pr>(r?m"?-p?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>remus</ets> oar + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot:
cf. F. <ets>r\'82mip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said of
certain crustaceans and insects.</def>

<hw>Rem"i*ped</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An animal having limbs like oars, especially
one of certain crustaceans.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a
group of aquatic beetles having tarsi adapted for swimming. See
<er>Water beetle</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*mise"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Remised</er>
<pr>(-m?zd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Remising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>remise</ets>
delivery, surrender, fr. <ets>remettre</ets> to put back,
deliver, L. <ets>remittere</ets>. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety>
<def>To send, give, or grant back; torelease a claim to; to
resign or surrender by deed; to return.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re*mise"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A giving
or granting back; surrender; return; release, as of a
claim.</def>

<hw>Re*miss"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?s")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>remissus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>remittere</ets> to send back,
relax. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety> <def>Not energetic or exact in
duty or business; not careful or prompt in fulfilling
engagements; negligent; careless; tardy; behindhand; lagging;
slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid;
slow.</def>

<q>Thou never wast <qex>remiss</qex>, I bear thee witness.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>These nervous, bold; those languid and <qex>remiss</qex>.</q>
<qau>Roscommon.</qau>

<q>Its motion becomes more languid and <qex>remiss</qex>.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Slack; dilatory; slothful; negligent; careless;
neglectful; inattentive; heedles; thoughtless.</syn>

<hw>Re*miss"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of being remiss;
inefficiency; failure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Remisses</xex> of laws.\'b8

<au>Puttenham.</au>

<hw>Re*miss"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined
to remit punishment; lenient; clement.</def>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Re*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?-m?s`s?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of being
remissible.</def>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<hw>Re*mis"si*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-m?s"s?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>remissibilis</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82missible</ets>. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable
of being remitted or forgiven.</def>

<au>Feltham.</au>

<hw>Re*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(r?-m?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82mission</ets>, L. <ets>remissio</ets>. See
<er>Remit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of remitting,
surrendering, resigning, or giving up.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment
of a claim, right, or obligation; pardon of transgression;
release from forfeiture, penalty, debt, etc.</def>

<q>This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many
for the <qex>remission</qex> of sins.</q>
<qau>Matt. xxvi. 28.</qau>

<q>That ples, therefore, . . . 
Will gain thee no <qex>remission</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Diminution of intensity; abatement;
relaxation.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A temporary and incomplete
subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as
destinguished from <xex>intermission</xex>, in which the disease
completely leaves the patient for a time; abatement.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of sending back.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Stackhouse.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Act of sending in payment, as money;
remittance.</def>

<hw>Re*mis"sive</hw> <pr>(r?-m?s"s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>remissivus</ets>. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety>
<def>Remitting; forgiving; abating.</def>

<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>

<hw>Re*miss"ly</hw> <pr>(r?-m?s"l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In
a remiss or negligent manner; carelessly.</def>

<hw>Re*miss"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being remiss.</def>

<hw>Re*mis"so*ry</hw> <pr>(r?-m?s"s?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Serving or tending to remit, or to secure remission;
remissive.</def> \'bdA sacrifice expiatory or
<xex>remissory</xex>.\'b8

<au>Latimer.</au>

<hw>Re*mit"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Remitted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Remitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>remittere</ets>, <ets>remissum</ets>, to send back, to
slacken, relax; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>mittere</ets> to
send. See <er>Mission</er>, and cf. <er>Remise</er>,
<er>Remiss</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To send back; to give
up; to surrender; to resign.</def>

<q>In the case the law <qex>remits</qex> him to his ancient and
more certain right.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<q>In grevious and inhuman crimes, offenders should be
<qex>remitted</qex> to their prince.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>

<q>The prisoner was <qex>remitted</qex> to the guard.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The archbishop was . . . <qex>remitted</qex> to his
liberty.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To transmit or send, esp. to a
distance, as money in payment of a demand, account, draft, etc.;
<as>as, he <ex>remitted</ex> the amount by mail</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To send off or away; hence: <sd>(a)</sd> To
refer or direct (one) for information, guidance, help, etc.
\'bd<xex>Remitting</xex> them . . . to the works of Galen.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Elyot</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> To submit, refer, or leave
(something) for judgment or decision.</def> \'bdWhether the
counsel be good I<xex>remit</xex> it to the wise readers.\'b8

<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to
abate.</def>

<q>So willingly doth God <qex>remit</qex> his ire.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To forgive; to pardon; to remove.</def>

<q>Whose soever sins ye <qex>remit</qex>, they are
<qex>remitted</qex> unto them.</q>
<qau>John xx. 23.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To refrain from exacting or enforcing; <as>as,
to <ex>remit</ex> the performance of an obligation</as>.</def>
\'bdThe sovereign was undoubtedly competent to <xex>remit</xex>
penalties.\'b8

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To relax; release; abate; relinguish; forgive;
pardon; absolve.</syn>

<hw>Re*mit"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To abate in
force or in violence; to grow less intense; to become moderated;
to abate; to relax; <as>as, a fever <ex>remits</ex>; the severity
of the weather <ex>remits</ex>.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send money, as in payment.</def>

<au>Addison.</au>

<hw>Re*mit"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of remitting, or the state of being remitted;
remission.</def>

<q>Disavowing the <qex>remitment</qex> of Claudius.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*mit"tal</hw> <pr>(-t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A remitting; a giving up; surrender; <as>as, the
<ex>remittal</ex> of the first fruits</as>.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Re*mit"tance</hw> <pr>(r?-m?t"t<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of transmitting money,
bills, or the like, esp. to a distant place, as in satisfaction
of a demand, or in discharge of an obligation.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sum or thing remitted.</def>

<au>Addison.</au>

<hw>Re*mit`tee"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?t`t?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>One to whom a remittance is sent.</def>

<hw>Re*mit"tent</hw> <pr>(r?-m?t"t<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>remittens</ets>, p. pr. : cf. F.
<ets>r\'82mittent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Remitting; characterized by
remission; having remissions.</def>

<cs><col>Remittent fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever in
which the symptoms temporarily abate at regular intervals, but do
not wholly cease. See <altname>Malarial fever</altname>, under
<er>Malarial</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*mit"ter</hw> <pr>(-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who remits.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One
who pardons</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who makes
remittance.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The sending or placing back of
a person to a title or right he had before; the restitution of
one who obtains possession of property under a defective title,
to his rights under some valid title by virtue of which he might
legally have entered into possession only by suit.</def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re*mit"ti*tur</hw> <pr>(-t?-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L., (it) is remitted.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A remission or surrender, -- <xex>remittitur damnut</xex>
being a remission of excess of damages.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
sending back, as when a record is remitted by a superior to an
inferior court.</def>

<au>Wharton.</au>

<hw>Re*mit"tor</hw> <pr>(-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes a remittance; a
remitter.</def>

<hw>Re*mix"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?ks")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
mix again or repeatedly.</def>

<hw>Rem"nant</hw> <pr>(r?m"n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[OF. <ets>remanant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>remanoir</ets>,
<ets>remaindre</ets>. See <er>Remanent</er>,
<er>Remain</er>.]</ety> <def>Remaining; yet left.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdBecause of the <xex>remnant</xex> dregs of
his disease.\'b8

<au>Fuller.</au>

<q>And quiet dedicate her <qex>remnant</qex> life
To the just duties of an humble wife.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<hw>Rem"nant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.<ets>remanant</ets>.
See <er>Remnant</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which remains after a part is removed,
destroyed, used up, performed, etc.; residue.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>The <qex>remnant</qex> that are left of the captivity.</q>
<qau>Neh. i. 3.</qau>

<q>The <qex>remnant</qex> of my tale is of a length
To tire your patience.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a
little bit; a scrap.</def>

<q>Some odd quirks and <qex>remnants</qex> of wit.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An unsold end of piece goods,
as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Residue; rest; remains; remainder.</syn>

<hw>Re*mod"el</hw> <pr>(r?-m?d"?l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
model or fashion anew; to change the form of.</def>

<q>The corporation had been <qex>remodeled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Re*mod`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(-?-f?-k?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of remodifying; the state of being
remodified.</def>

<hw>Re*mod"i*fy</hw> <pr>(r?-m?d"?-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To modify again or anew; to reshape.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8R\'82`mo`lade"</hw> <pr>(r?`m?`l?d")</pr>,
<hw>\'d8R\'82`mou`lad"</hw> <pr>(r?`m??`l?d")</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of piquant sauce or
salad dressing resembling mayonnaise.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*mold"</hw>, <hw>Re*mould"</hw>  }</mhw>
<pr>(r?-m?ld")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mold or shape anew
or again; to reshape.</def>

<hw>Re*mol"lient</hw> <pr>(r?-m?l"y<it>e</it>nt <or/ 
-l?-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>remolliens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>remollire</ets> to mollify:
cf. F. <ets>r\'82mollient</ets>. See <er>Mollient</er>.]</ety>
<def>Mollifying; softening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*mon`e*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-m?n`?-t?-z?"sh?n <or/
-m?n`-)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of remonetizing.</def>

<hw>Re*mon"e*tize</hw> <pr>(-t?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
restore to use as money; <as>as, to <ex>remonetize</ex>
silver</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*mon"strance</hw> <pr>(-m?n"str<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>remonstrance</ets>, F.
<ets>remonstrance</ets>. See <er>Remonstrate</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of remonstrating</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>You may marvel why I . . . would not rather
Make rash <qex>remonstrance</qex> of my hidden power
Than let him be so lost.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to
something; protest; expostulation</def>.

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Monstrance</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*mon"strant</hw> <pr>(-str<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>remonstranc</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>remonstrare</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>remonstrant</ets>,
F.<ets>remontrant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inclined or tending to
remonstrate; expostulatory; urging reasons in opposition to
something.</def>

<hw>Re*mon"strant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
remonstrates</def>; specifically <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>,
<def>one of the Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of
the Calvinists in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the
decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618</def>. See
<er>Arminian</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*mon"strant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a remonstrant
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*mon"strate</hw> <pr>(-str?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Remonstrated</er>
<pr>(-str<?/*t<?/d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Remonstrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.
<ets>remonstratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>remonstrare</ets> to
remonstrate; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> +  <ets>monstrare</ets> to
show. See <er>Monster</er>.]</ety> <def>To point out; to show
clearly; to make plain or manifest; hence, to prove; to
demonstrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<q>I will <qex>remonstrate</qex> to you the third door.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>

<hw>Re*mon"strate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To present and urge
reasons in opposition to an act, measure, or any course of
proceedings; to expostulate; <as>as, to <ex>remonstrate</ex> with
a person regarding his habits; to <ex>remonstrate</ex> against
proposed taxation</as>.</def>

<q>It is proper business of a divine to state cases of
conscience, and to <qex>remonstrate</qex> against any growing
corruptions in practice, and especially in principles.</q>
<qau>Waterland.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Expostulate</er>, <er>Remonstrate</er>.</syn>
<usage> These words are commonly interchangeable, the principal
difference being that <xex>expostulate</xex> is now used
especially to signify remonstrance by a superior or by one in
authority. A son <xex>remonstrates</xex> against the harshness of
a father; a father <xex>expostulates</xex> with his son on his
waywardness. Subjects <xex>remonstrate</xex> with their rulers;
sovereigns <xex>expostulate</xex> with the parliament or the
people.</usage>

<hw>Re`mon*stra"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`m?n*str?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>remonstration</ets>, LL.
<ets>remonstratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of remonstrating;
remonstrance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Todd.</au>

<hw>Re*mon"stra*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*m?n"str?*t?v)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the character of a remonstrance;
expressing remonstrance.</def>

<-- p. 1217 -->

<hw>Re*mon"stra*tor</hw> <pr>(r?*m?n"str?*t?r)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>One who remonstrates; a remonsrant.</def>

<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>

<hw>Re*mon"tant</hw> <pr>(-t<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos><ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>Rising
again; -- applied to a class of roses which bloom more than once
in a season; the hybrid perpetual roses, of which the Jacqueminot
is a well-known example.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*mon`toir"</hw> <pr>(r<it>e</it>-m<er>?n</er>"tw?r"; E.
r?-m?n"tw?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>See under <er>Escapement</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rem"o*ra</hw> <pr>(r?m"?*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>r\'82mora</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Delay; obstacle; hindrance.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species
of fishes belonging to <spn>Echeneis</spn>, <spn>Remora</spn>,
and allied genera.  Called also <cref>sucking fish</cref>.</def>

<note><hand/ The anterior dorsal fin is converted into a large
sucking disk, having two transverse rows of lamell\'91, situated
on the top of the head. They adhere firmly to sharks and other
large fishes and to vessels by this curious sucker, letting go at
will. The pegador, or remora of sharks (<spn>Echeneis
naucrates</spn>), and the swordfish remora (<spn>Remora
brachyptera</spn>), are common American species.</note>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly in
use, intended to retain parts in their places.</def>

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<hw>Rem"o*rate</hw> <pr>(-r?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>remoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>remorari</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>morari</ets> to delay.]</ety> <def>To
hinder; to delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<hw>Re*mord"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?rd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>remordere</ets> to bite again, to torment: cf. F.
<ets>remordre</ets>. See <er>Remorse</er>.]</ety> <def>To excite
to remorse; to rebuke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Skelton.</au>

<hw>Re*mord"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To feel remorse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>

<hw>Re*mord"en*cy</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Remorse; compunction; compassion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Killingbeck.</au>

<hw>Re*morse"</hw> <pr>(r?*m?rs")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>remors</ets>, OF. <ets>remors</ets>,F. <ets>remords</ets>,
LL. <ets>remorsus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>remordere</ets>,
<ets>remorsum</ets>, to bite again or back, to torment; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>mordere</ets> to bite. See
<er>Morsel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The anguish, like
gnawing pain, excited by a sense of guilt; compunction of
conscience for a crime committed, or for the sins of one's past
life.</def> \'bdNero will be tainted with <xex>remorse</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion.</def>

<q>Curse on the unpardoning prince, whom tears can draw
To no <qex>remorse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>But evermore it seem'd an easier thing
At once without <qex>remorse</qex> to strike her dead.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Compunction; regret; anguish; grief; compassion. See
<er>Compunction</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*morsed"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?rst")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Feeling remorse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*morse"ful</hw> <pr>(-m?rs"f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of remorse.</def>

<q>The full tide of <qex>remorseful</qex> passion had abated.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Compassionate; feeling tenderly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exciting pity; pitiable.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chapman.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*morse"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*morse"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*morse"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without remorse;
having no pity; hence, destitute of sensibility; cruel;
insensible to distress; merciless.</def>
\'bd<xex>Remorseless</xex> adversaries.\'b8 <au>South</au>.
\'bdWith <xex>remorseless</xex> cruelty.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

<syn>Syn. -- Unpitying; pitiless; relentless; unrelenting;
implacable; merciless; unmerciful; savage; cruel.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*morse"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*morse"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*mote"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?t")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Remoter</er> <pr>(-?r)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Remotest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>remotus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>removere</ets> to remove. See
<er>Remove</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Removed to a distance;
not near; far away; distant; -- said in respect to
<xex>time</xex> or to <xex>place</xex>; <as>as, <ex>remote</ex>
ages; <ex>remote</ex> lands.</as></def>

<q>Places <qex>remote</qex> enough are in Bohemia.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q><qex>Remote</qex> from men, with God he passed his days.</q>
<qau>Parnell.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or
being related; -- in various figurative uses.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not agreeing; alien; foreign</def>. \'bdAll
these propositions, how <xex>remote</xex> soever from reason.\'b8
<au>Locke</au>.  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not nearly related; not close;
<as>as, a <ex>remote</ex> connection or consanguinity</as>.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Separate; abstracted</def>. \'bdWherever the
mind places itself by any thought, either amongst, or
<xex>remote</xex> from, all bodies.\'b8 <au>Locke</au>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Not proximate or acting directly; primary;
distant</def>. \'bdFrom the effect to the <xex>remotest</xex>
cause.\'bd <au>Granville</au>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Not obvious or
sriking; <as>as, a <ex>remote</ex> resemblance</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Separated by intervals greater
than usual.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*mote"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*mote"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*mo"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-m?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>remotio</ets>. See <er>Remove</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of removing; removal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>This <qex>remotion</qex> of the duke and her
Is practice only.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being remote; remoteness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>The whitish gleam [of the stars] was the mask conferred by the
enormity of their <qex>remotion</qex>.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<hw>Re*mould"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?ld")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Remold</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*mount"</hw> <pr>(r?-mount")</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To mount again.</def>

<hw>Re*mount"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The opportunity of, or
things necessary for, remounting; specifically, a fresh horse,
with his equipments; <as>as, to give one a
<ex>remount</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*mov"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-m??v"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Admitting of being removed.</def> <au>Ayliffe</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Re*mov`a*bil"i*ty</wf>
<pr>(-<?/-b<?/l"<?/-t<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*mov"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of removing, or the state of being removed.</def>

<hw>Re*move"</hw> <pr>(r?-m??v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Removed</er>
<pr>(-m??vd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Removing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>removoir</ets>,
<ets>remouvoir</ets>, L. <ets>removere</ets>, <ets>remotum</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>movere</ets> to move. See
<er>Move</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move away from the
position occupied; to cause to change place; to displace; <as>as,
to <ex>remove</ex> a building</as>.</def>

<q>Thou shalt not <qex>remove</qex> thy neighbor's landmark.</q>
<qau>Deut. xix. 14.</qau>

<q>When we had dined, to prevent the ladies' leaving us, I
generally ordered the table to be <qex>removed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to
cease to be; to take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put
an end to; to kill; <as>as, to <ex>remove</ex> a
disease</as>.</def> \'bdKing Richard thus <xex>removed</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To dismiss or discharge from office; <as>as, the
President <ex>removed</ex> many postmasters</as>.</def>

<note><hand/ See the Note under <er>Remove</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos></note>

<hw>Re*move"</hw> <pr>(r?-m??v")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
change place in any manner, or to make a change in place; to move
or go from one residence, position, or place to another.</def>

<q>Till Birnam wood <qex>remove</qex> to Dunsinane,
I can not taint with fear.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<note><hand/ The verb <xex>remove</xex>, in some of its
application, is synonymous with <xex>move</xex>, but not in all.
Thus we do not apply <xex>remove</xex> to a mere change of
posture, without a change of place or the seat of a thing. A man
<xex>moves</xex> his head when he turns it, or his finger when he
bends it, but he does not <xex>remove</xex> it. <xex>Remove</xex>
usually or always denotes a change of place in a body, but we
never apply it to a regular, continued course or motion. We never
say the wind or water, or a ship, <xex>removes</xex> at a certain
rate by the hour; but we say a ship was <xex>removed</xex> from
one place in a harbor to another. <xex>Move</xex> is a generic
term, including the sense of <xex>remove</xex>, which is more
generally applied to a change from one station or permanent
position, stand, or seat, to another station.</note>

<hw>Re*move"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
removing; a removal.</def>

<q>This place should be at once both school and university, not
needing a <qex>remove</qex> to any other house of
scholarship.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>And drags at each <qex>remove</qex> a lengthening chain.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The transfer of one's business, or of one's
domestic belongings, from one location or dwelling house to
another; -- in the United States usually called a
<xex>move</xex>.</def>

<q>It is an English proverb that three <qex>removes</qex> are as
bad as a fire.</q>
<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being removed.</def>

<au>Locke.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is removed, as a dish removed from
table to make room for something else.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>The distance or space through which anything is
removed; interval; distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in
any scale of gradation; specifically, a division in an English
public school; <as>as, the boy went up two <ex>removes</ex> last
year</as>.</def>

<q>A freeholder is but one <qex>remove</qex> from a
legislator.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The act of resetting a horse's
shoe.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Re*moved"</hw> <pr>(r?-m??vd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Changed in place.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dismissed from office.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Distant in location; remote.</def> \'bdSomething
finer than you could purchase in so <xex>removed</xex> a
dwelling.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Distant by degrees in relationship; <as>as, a
cousin once <ex>removed</ex></as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*mov"ed*ness</wf>
<pr>(r<?/-m<?/<?/v"<?/d-n<?/s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*mov"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
removes; <as>as, a <ex>remover</ex> of landmarks</as>.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*mu"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-m?"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>That may be removed; removable.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Gower.</au>

<hw>Re*mue"</hw> <pr>(r?-m?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>remuer</ets>. See <er>Mew</er> to molt.]</ety> <def>To
remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*mu"gi*ent</hw> <pr>(r?-m?"j?-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>remugiens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>remugire</ets>. See <er>Mugient</er>.]</ety>
<def>Rebellowing.</def>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<hw>Re**mu"ner*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-m?"n?r-?-b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Remunerate</er>.]</ety>
<def>Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*mu`ner*a*bil"i*ty</wf>
<pr>(r<?/-m<?/"n<?/r-<?/-b<?/l"i-t<?/)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*mu"ner*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Remunerated</er>
<pr>(-?"t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Remunerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>remuneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>remunerare</ets>,
<ets>remunerari</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>munerare</ets>, <ets>munerari</ets>, to give, present, from
<ets>munus</ets>, <ets>muneris</ets>, a gift, present. Cf.
<er>Munificent</er>.]</ety> <def>To pay an equivalent to for any
service, loss, expense, or other sacrifice; to recompense; to
requite; <as>as, to <ex>remunerate</ex> men for labor</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To reward; recompense; compensate; satisfy; requite;
repay; pay; reimburse.</syn>

<hw>Re*mu`ner*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>remuneratio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82mun\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
remunerating.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent
given, as for services, loss, or sufferings.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment;
repayment; satisfaction; requital.</syn>

<hw>Re*mu"ner*a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?-m?"n?r-?-t?v)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r\'82mun<?/ratif</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Affording remuneration; <as>as, a <ex>remunerative</ex>
payment for services; a <ex>remunerative</ex>
business</as>.</def> -<wordforms><wf>Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*mu"ner*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82mun<?/ratoire</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Remunerative.</def>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<hw>Re*mur"mur</hw> <pr>(r?-m?r"m?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + murmur</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>remurmurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To murmur again; to utter
back, or reply, in murmurs.</def>

<q>The trembling trees, in every plain and wood,
Her fate <qex>remurmur</qex> to the silver flood.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<hw>Ren</hw> <pr>(r?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Renne</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ren</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A run.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ren"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?n"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>resnable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reasonable; also,
loquacious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdMost <xex>renable</xex>
of tongue.\'b8 <au>Piers Plowman</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Ren"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re*nais`sance"</hw> <pr>(F.
r<it>e</it>-n?`s?<er>n</er>s"; E. r?-n?s"s<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>rena<icir/tre</ets> to be born
again. Cf. <er>Renascence</er>.]</ety> <def>A new birth, or
revival.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The transitional
movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning
and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival
following in other countries</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The style
of art which prevailed at this epoch.</def>

<q>The <qex>Renaissance</qex> was rather the last stage of the
Middle Ages, emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism,
developing what was original in medi\'91val ideas by the light of
classic arts and letters.</q>
<qau>J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit. ).</qau>

<hw>Re*nais"sant</hw> <pr>(r?-n?s"s<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Renaissance.</def>

<hw>Re"nal</hw> <pr>(r?"n<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>renalis</ets>, fr. <ets>renes</ets> the kidneys or
reins: cf. F. <ets>r\'82nal</ets>. See <er>Reins</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the
region of the kidneys.</def>

<cs><col>Renal calculus</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a concretion
formed in the excretory passages of the kidney.</cd><-- = kidney
stone? --> -- <mcol><col>Renal capsules</col> <or/
<col>glands</col></mcol>, <cd>the suprarenal capsules. See under
<er>Capsule</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Renal casts</col>,
<col>Renal colic</col></mcol>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Cast</er>, and <er>Colic</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re"nal-por`tal</hw>
<pr>(r?"n<it>a</it>l-p?r"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Both renal and portal. See
<er>Portal</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*name"</hw> <pr>(r?*n?m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
give a new name to.</def>

<hw>Ren"ard</hw> <pr>(r?n"?rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>renard</ets> the fox, the name of the fox in a celebrated
epic poem, and of German origin, G. <ets>Reinhard</ets>, OHG.
<ets>Reginhard</ets>, properly, strong in counsel;
<ets>regin</ets> counsel (akin to Goth. <ets>ragin</ets>) +
<ets>hart</ets> hard. See <er>Hard</er>.]</ety> <def>A fox; -- so
called in fables or familiar tales, and in poetry.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>reynard</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ren"ard*ine</hw> <pr>(-?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which Renard is
mentioned.</def>

<hw>Re*nas"cence</hw> <pr>(r?-n?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Renascent</er>, and cf.
<er>Renaissance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being
renascent.</def>

<q>Read the Ph<?/nix, and see how the single image of
<qex>renascence</qex> is varied.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Renaissance</er>.</def>

<q>The <qex>Renascence</qex> . . . which in art, in literature,
and in physics, produced such splendid fruits.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>

<hw>Re*nas"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(-s<it>e</it>n-s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>State of being renascent.</def>

<hw>Re*nas"cent</hw> <pr>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>renascens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>renasci</ets> to be
born again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>nasci</ets> to be
born. See <er>Nascent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Springing or
rising again into being; being born again, or reproduced.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Renaissant</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*nas"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(-s?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>renascibilis</ets>, from L. <ets>renasci</ets> to
be born again.]</ety> <def>Capable of being reproduced; ablle to
spring again into being.</def>

<hw>Re*nate"</hw> <pr>(r?-n?t")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>renatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>renasci</ets>.]</ety> <def>Born
again; regenerate; renewed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Beau & Fl.</au>

<hw>Re*nav"i*gate</hw> <pr>(r?-n?v"?-g?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To navigate again.</def>

<hw>Re*nay"</hw> <pr>(r?-n?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>reneier</ets>, F. <ets>renier</ets>, F. <ets>renier</ets>;
L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>negare</ets> to deny. See
<er>Renegade</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny; to disown.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ren*con"tre</hw> <pr>(r?n-k?n"t?r; F.
r?<er>n</er>`<er>k?n</er>"tr')</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Rencounter</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def>

<hw>Ren*coun"ter</hw> <pr>(r?n-koun"t?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rencountered</er>
<pr>(-t?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb/ n.</pos>
<er>Rencountering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>rencontrer</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> + OF.
<ets>encontrer</ets> to encounter. See <er>Encounter</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To meet unexpectedly; to encounter.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attack hand to hand.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Ren*coun"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To meet
unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile manner; to come in
collision; to skirmish.</def>

<hw>Ren*coun"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rencontre</ets>, from <ets>renconter</ets> to meet.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A meeting of two persons or bodies; a collision;
especially, a meetingg in opposition or contest; a combat,
action, or engagement.</def>

<q>The justling chiefs in rude <qex>rencounter</qex> join.</q>
<qau>Granville.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or
fight without premeditation, as between individuals or small
parties.</def>

<q>The confederates should . . . outnumber the enemy in all
<qex>rencounters</qex> and engagements.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<hw>Sun</hw><def>. -- Combat; fight; conflict; collision;
clash.</def>

<hw>Rend</hw> <pr>(r?nd)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rent</er>
<pr>(r?nt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>rendan</ets>,
<ets>hrendan</ets>; cf. OFries. <ets>renda</ets>,
<ets>randa</ets>, Fries.<ets>renne</ets> to cut, rend, Icel.
<ets>hrinda</ets> to push, thrust, AS. <ets>hrindan</ets>; or cf.
Icel. <ets>r<?/na</ets> to rob, plunder, Ir. <ets>rannaim</ets>
to divide, share, part, W. <ets>rhanu</ets>, Armor.
<ets>ranna</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate into parts
with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; to
burst; <as>as, powder <ex>rends</ex> a rock in blasting;
lightning <ex>rends</ex> an oak.</as></def>

<q>The dreadful thunder
Doth <qex>rend</qex> the region.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by
force.</def>

<q>An empire from its old foundations <qex>rent</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>I will surely <qex>rend</qex> the kingdom from thee.</q>
<qau>1 Kings xi. 11.</qau>

<cs><col>To rap and rend</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rap</er>,
<xex>v. t.<xex>, to snatch.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture;
crack; split.</syn>

<hw>Rend</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be rent or torn; to
become parted; to sepparate; to split.</def>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<hw>Rend"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rend</er>.]</ety> <def>One who rends.</def>

<hw>Ren"der</hw> <pr>(r?n"d?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rendered</er>
<pr>(-d?rd)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rendering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rendre</ets>, LL.
<ets>rendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>reddere</ets>; pref.
<ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>dare</ets> to give.
See <er>Date</er>time, and cf. <er>Reddition</er>,
<er>Rent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return; to pay back; to
restore.</def>

<q>Whose smallest minute lost, no riches <qex>render</qex>
may.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inflict, as a retribution; to requite.</def>

<q>I will <qex>render</qex> vengeance to mine enemies.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxxii. 41.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give up; to yield; to surrender.</def>

<q>I 'll make her <qex>render</qex> up her page to me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, to furnish; to contribute.</def>

<q>Logic <qex>renders</qex> its daily service to wisdom and
virtue.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To furnish; to state; to deliver; <as>as, to
<ex>render</ex> an account; to <ex>render</ex>
judgment</as>.</def></q>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To cause to be, or to become; <as>as, to
<ex>render</ex> a person more safe or more unsafe; to
<ex>render</ex> a fortress secure.</as></def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To translate from one language into another;
<as>as, to <ex>render</ex> Latin into English</as>.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>To interpret; to set forth, represent, or
exhibit; <as>as, an actor <ex>renders</ex> his part poorly; a
singer <ex>renders</ex> a passage of music with great effect; a
painter <ex>renders</ex> a scene in a felicitous
manner</as>.</def>

<q>He did <qex>render</qex> him the most unnatural
That lived amongst men.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.)
from fatty animal substances; <as>as, to <ex>render</ex>
tallow</as>.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the
use of lath.</def>

<hw>Ren"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give an
account; to make explanation or confession.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pass; to run; -- said of
the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.; <as>as, a
rope <ex>renders</ex> well, that is, passes freely</as>; also, to
yield or give way.</def>

<au>Totten.</au>

<hw>Ren"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
surrender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A return; a payment of rent.</def>

<q>In those early times the king's household was supported by
specific <qex>renders</qex> of corn and other victuals from the
tenants of the demains.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An account given; a statement.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<-- p. 1218 -->

<hw>Ren"der*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?n"d?r-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being rendered.</def>

<hw>Ren"der*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who renders.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is
rendered.</def>

<hw>Ren"der*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who
renders, or that which is rendered. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A
version; translation; <as>as, the <ex>rendering</ex> of the
Hebrew text</as>. <au>Lowth</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> In art, the
presentation, expression, or interpretation of an idea, theme, or
part. <sd>(c)</sd> The act of laying the first coat of plaster on
brickwork or stonework. <sd>(d)</sd> The coat of plaster thus
laid on. <au>Gwilt</au>. <sd>(e)</sd> The process of trying out
or extracting lard, tallow, etc., from animal fat.</def>

<hw>Ren"dez*vous</hw> <pr>(r?n"d?*v<oomac/ <or/ <er>r?n</er>"-;
277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rendezvouses</plw>
<pr>(r<?/n"d<?/-v<oomac/`z<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <note>[Rare in the
plural.]</note> <ety>[F. <ets>rendez-vous</ets>, properly, render
yourselves, repair to a place. See <er>Render</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A place appointed for a meeting, or at which
persons customarily meet.</def>

<q>An inn, the free <qex>rendezvous</qex> of all travelers.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, the appointed place for troops, or
for the ships of a fleet, to assemble; also, a place for
enlistment.</def>

<q>The king appointed his whole army to be drawn together to a
<qex>rendezvous</qex> at Marlborough.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A meeting by appointment.</def>

<au>Sprat.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Retreat; refuge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ren"dez*vous</hw> <pr>(r?n"d?-v<oomac/ <or/ r?n"-; 277)</pr>,
<pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &. p. p.</pos>
<er>Rendezvoused</er> <pr>(-v<oomac/d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rendezvousing</er>
<pr>(-v<oomac/*?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To assemble or meet
at a particular place.</def>

<hw>Ren"dez*vous</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bring together at
a certain place; to cause to be assembled.</def>

<au>Echard.</au>

<hw>Rend"i*ble</hw> <pr>(r?nd"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[From <er>Rend</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being rent or
torn.</def>

<hw>Ren"di*ble</hw> <pr>(r?n"d?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Render</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable, or admitting, of
being rendered.</def>

<hw>Ren*di"tion</hw> <pr>(r?n-d?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>rendere</ets> to render: cf. L.
<ets>redditio</ets>. See <er>Render</er>, and cf.
<er>Reddition</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rendering; especially, the act of
surrender, as of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a
foreign government; also, surrender in war.</def>

<q>The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold blood after
articles of <qex>rendition</qex>.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Translation; rendering; version.</def>

<q>This <qex>rendition</qex> of the word seems also most
naturally to agree with the genuine meaning of some other words
in the same verse.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<hw>Rend"rock`</hw> <pr>(r?nd"r?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
kind of dynamite used in blasting.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Ren"e*gade</hw> <pr>(r?n"?-g?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>renegado</ets>, LL. <ets>renegatus</ets>, fr.
<ets>renegare</ets> to deny; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + 
<ets>negare</ets> to deny. See <er>Negation</er>, <ets>and
cf</ets>. <er>Runagate</er>.]</ety> <def>One faithless to
principle or party.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An
apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious
faith.</def>

<q>James justly regarded these <qex>renegades</qex> as the most
serviceable tools that he could employ.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who deserts from a military or naval post;
a deserter</def>. <au>Arbuthnot</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A common
vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow</def>.

<hw>Ren`e*ga"do</hw> <pr>(r?n`?-g?"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>See <er>Renegade</er>.</def>

<hw>Ren"e*gat</hw> <pr>(r?n"?-g?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Runegate</er>.]</ety> <def>A renegade.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ren`e*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(r?n`?-ga"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A denial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdAbsolute
<xex>renegation</xex> of Christ.\'b8

<au>Milman.</au>

<hw>Re*nege"</hw> <pr>(r?-n?j" <or/ r?-n?g")</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>renegare</ets>. See
<er>Renegade</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny; to disown.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>All Europe high (all sorts of rights <qex>reneged</qex>)
Against the trith and thee unholy leagued.</q>
<qau>Sylvester.</qau>

<hw>Re*nege"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
deny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To revoke.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*nerve"</hw> <pr>(r?-n?rv")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
nerve again; to give new vigor to; to reinvigorate.</def>

<hw>Re*new"</hw> <pr>(r?-n?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reneved</er>
<pr>(-n?d")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Renewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + new</ets>.
Cf. <er>Renovate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make new again;
to restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor; to give new life
to; to rejuvenate; to re<?/stablish; to recreate; to
rebuild.</def>

<q>In such a night
Medea gathered the enchanted herbs
That did <qex>renew</qex> old <?/son.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, to substitute for (an old
obligation or right) a new one of the same nature; to continue in
force; to make again; <as>as, to <ex>renew</ex> a lease, note, or
patent</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To begin again; to recommence.</def>

<q>The last great age . . . <qex>renews</qex> its finished
course.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To repeat; to go over again.</def>

<q>The birds-their notes <qex>renew</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To make new spiritually; to
regenerate.</def>

<q>Be ye transformed by the <qex>renewing</qex> of your mind.</q>
<qau>Rom. xii. 2.</qau>

<hw>Re*new"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become new, or as new;
to grow or begin again.</def>

<hw>Re*new`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being renewable.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*new"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-n?"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being renewed; <as>as, a lease <ex>renewable</ex>
at pleasure</as>.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Re*new"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; <as>as,
the <ex>renewal</ex> of a treaty</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*new"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Again; once
more.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Re*new"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
renewed.</def>

<hw>Re*new"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, renews.</def>

<hw>Re*neye"</hw> <pr>(r?-n?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Renay</er>.]</ety> <def>To deney; to reject; to
renounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>For he made every man <qex>reneye</qex> his law.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Reng</hw> <pr>(r?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rank</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rank; a
row.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIn two <xex>renges</xex>
fair.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rung or round of a ladder.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*nid`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-n?d`?-f?-k?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The act of rebuilding a
nest.</def>

<hw>Ren"i*form</hw> <pr>(r?n"?-f?rm; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>renes</ets> kidneys + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82niforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or shape of
a kidney; <as>as, a <ex>reniform</ex> mineral; a
<ex>reniform</ex> leaf.</as></def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*ni"tence</hw> <pr>(r?-n?"t<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*ni"ten*cy</hw> <pr>(-t<it>e</it>-s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82nitence</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The state or quality of being renitent; resistance;
reluctance.</def>

<au>Sterne.</au>

<q>We find a <qex>renitency</qex> in ourselves to ascribe life
and irritability to the cold and motionless fibers of plants.</q>
<qau>E. Darwin.</qau>

<hw>Re*ni"tent</hw> <pr>(-t<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>renitens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>renit</ets> to strive or struggle against, resist; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>niti</ets> to struggle or strive: cf.
F. <ets>r\'82nitent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Resisting
pressure or the effect of it; acting against impluse by elastic
force.</def> \'bd[Muscles] soft and yet <xex>renitent</xex>.\'b8

<au>Ray.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Persistently opposed.</def>

<hw>Ren"ne</hw> <pr>(r?n"n<it>e</it>)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To plunder; -- only in the phrase \'bdto rape and
<xex>renne</xex>.\'b8 See under <er>Rap</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
to snatch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ren"ne</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To run.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ren"ner</hw> <pr>(-n?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
runner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ren"net</hw> <pr>(r?n"n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rainette</ets>, <ets>reinette</ets>, perhaps fr.
<ets>raine</ets> a tree frog, L. <ets>rana</ets>, because it is
spotted like this kind of frog. Cf. <er>Ranunculus</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of many different kinds of apples.
Cf. <er>Reinette</er>.</def>

<au>Mortimer.</au>

<hw>Ren"net</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>rinnan</ets>,
<ets>rennan</ets>, to run, cf. <ets>gerinnan</ets> to curdle,
coagulate. <hw><?/11</hw>. See <er>Run</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>
<def>The inner, or mucous, membrance of the fourth stomach of the
calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation
of it, used for coagulating milk.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>runnet</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Cheese rennet</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Cheese</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rennet ferment</col> <fld>(Physiol.
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a ferment, present in rennet and in variable
quantity in the gastric juice of most animals, which has the
power of curdling milk. The ferment presumably acts by changing
the casein of milk from a soluble to an insoluble form.</cd> --
<col>Rennet stomach</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the fourth
stomach, or abomasum, of ruminants.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ren"net*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Provided or treated with
rennet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdPressed milk
<xex>renneted</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Ren"net*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same
as 1st <er>Rennet</er>.</def>

<hw>Ren"ning</hw> <pr>(r?n"n?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 2d
<er>Rennet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Asses' milk is holden for to be thickest, and therefore they
use it instead of <qex>renning</qex>, to turn milk.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>

<hw>Re`no*mee"</hw> <pr>(r?`n?-m?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>renomm<?/e</ets>.]</ety> <def>Renown.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*nounce"</hw> <pr>(r?-nouns")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Renounced</er>
<pr>(-nounst")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Renouncing</er> <pr>(-noun"s?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>renoncer</ets>, L. <ets>renuntiare</ets> to bring back word,
announce, revoke, retract, renounce; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>nuntiare</ets> to announce, fr. <ets>nuncius</ets>, a
messenger. See <er>Nuncio</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>.
<er>Renunciation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To declare
against; to reject or decline formally; to refuse to own or
acknowledge as belonging to one; to disclaim; <as>as, to
<ex>renounce</ex> a title to land or to a throne</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown;
to dismiss; to forswear.</def>

<q>This world I do <qex>renounce</qex>, and in your sights
Shake patiently my great affliction off.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To disclaim having a
card of (the suit led) by playing a card of another suit.</def>

<cs><col>To renounce probate</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to
decline to act as the executor of a will.</cd> <au>Mozley &
W.</au></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To cast off; disavow; disown; disclaim; deny;
abjure; recant; abandon; forsake; quit; forego; resign;
relinquish; give up; abdicate.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Renounce</er>, <er>Abjure</er>, <er>Recant</er>. -- To
<xex>renounce</xex> is to make an affirmative declaration of
abandonment. To <xex>abjure</xex> is to renounce with, or as
with, the solemnity of an oath. To <xex>recant</xex> is to
renounce or abjure some proposition previously affirmed and
maintained.</usage>

<q>From Thebes my birth I own; . . . since no disgrace
Can force me to <qex>renounce</qex> the honor of my race.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Either to die the death, or to <qex>abjure</qex>
Forever the society of man.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Ease would <qex>recant</qex>
Vows made in pain, as violent and void.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*nounce"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
renunciation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>He of my sons who fails to make it good,
By one rebellious act <qex>renounces</qex> to my blood.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To decline formally, as an
executor or a person entitled to letters of administration, to
take out probate or letters.</def>

<q>Dryden died without a will, and his widow having
<qex>renounced</qex>, his son Charles administered on June
10.</q>
<qau>W. D. Christie.</qau>

<hw>Re*nounce"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>
<def>Act of renouncing.</def>

<hw>Re*nounce"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>renoncement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*noun"cer</hw> <pr>(r?-noun"s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who renounces.</def>

<hw>Ren"o*vate</hw> <pr>(r?n"?-v?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>renovatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>renovare</ets>;pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>novare</ets> to make new, fr.
<ets>novus</ets> new. See <er>New</er>, and <?/<?/
<er>Renew</er>.]</ety> <def>To make over again; to restore to
freshness or vigor; to renew.</def>

<q>All nature feels the <qex>reniovating</qex> force
Of winter.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>

<hw>Ren`o**va"tion</hw> <pr>(-v?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.<ets>renovatio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82novation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of
renovating; the state of being renovated or renewed.</def>

<au>Thomson.</au>

<q>There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual
<qex>renovation</qex> of the world.</q>
<qau>Rabbler.</qau>

<hw>Ren"o*va`tor</hw> <pr>(r?n"?-v?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>r\'82novateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who,
or that which, renovates.</def>

<au>Foster.</au>

<hw>Re*nov"el</hw> <pr>(r?-n?v"<it>e</it>l)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>renouveler</ets> to renew.]</ety> <def>To
renew; to renovate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*nov"el*ance</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Renewal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*nowme"</hw> <pr>(r?-noum")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Renown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The glory and <qex>renowme</qex> of the ancectors.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>

<hw>Re*nowmed"</hw> <pr>(r?-noumd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Renowned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*nown"</hw> <pr>(r?-noun")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>renom</ets>. See <er>Noun</er>, and cf. <er>Renown</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being much
known and talked of; exalted reputation derived from the
extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments; fame;
celebrity; -- always in a good sense.</def>

<q>Nor envy we
Thy great <qex>renown</qex>, nor grudge thy victory.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Report of nobleness or exploits; praise.</def>

<q>This famous duke of Milan,
Of whom so often I have heard <qex>renown</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*nown"</hw> <pr>(r?-noun")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>renommer</ets> to name again, celebrate, make famous; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>nommer</ets> to name, L.
<ets>nominare</ets> , fr. <ets>nomen</ets> a name. See
<er>Noun</er>.]</ety> <def>To make famous; to give renown
to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>For joi to hear me so <qex>renown</qex> his son.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<q>The bard whom pilfered pastorals <qex>renown</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<hw>Re*nowned"</hw> <pr>(r?-nound")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Famous; celebrated for great achievements, for distinguished
qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; <as>as, a <ex>renowned</ex>
king</as>.</def> \'bdSome <xex>renowned</xex> metropolis with
glistering spires.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>These were the <qex>renouwned</qex> of the congregation.</q>
<qau>Num. i. 61.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Famous; famed; distinguished; noted; eminent;
celebrated; remarkable; wonderful. See <er>Famous</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*nown"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(r?-noun"?d-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>With renown.</def>

<hw>Re*nown"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
gives renown.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*nown"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
great renown; famous.</def> \'bd<xex>Renownful</xex> Scipio.\'b8

<au>Marston.</au>

<hw>Re*nown"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without renown;
inglorius.</def>

<hw>Rens"se*laer*ite</hw> <pr>(r?ns"s<it>e</it>-l?r-?t)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft, compact variety of
talc,, being an altered pyroxene. It is often worked in a lathe
into inkstands and other articles.</def>

<hw>Rent</hw> <pr>(r?nt)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
rant.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<au>Hudibras.</au>

<hw>Rent</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Rend</er>.</def>

<hw>Rent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Rend</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An opening made by rending; a break or breach
made by force; a tear.</def>

<q>See what a <qex>rent</qex> the envious Casca made.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively, a schim; a rupture of harmony; a
separation; <as>as, a <ex>rent</ex> in the church</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fissure; breach; disrupture; rupture; tear;
diaceration; break; fracture.</syn>

<hw>Rent</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tear. See
<er>Rend</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rente</ets>, LL.
<ets>renta</ets>, fr. L. <ets>reddita</ets>, fem. sing. or neut.
pl. of <ets>redditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reddere</ets> to give
back, pay. See <er>Render</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Incone;
revenue. See <er>Catel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdCatel
had they enough and <xex>rent</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>[Bacchus] a waster was and all his <qex>rent</qex>
In wine and bordel he dispent.</q>
<qau>Gower.</qau>

<q>So bought an annual <qex>rent</qex> or two,
And liv'd, just as you see I do.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pay; reward; share; toll.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Death, that taketh of high and low his <qex>rent</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A certain periodical profit,
whether in money, provisions, chattels, or labor, issuing out of
lands and tenements in payment for the use; commonly, a certain
pecuniary sum agreed upon between a tenant and his landlord, paid
at fixed intervals by the lessee to the lessor, for the use of
land or its appendages; <as>as, <ex>rent</ex> for a farm, a
house, a park, etc.</as></def>

<note><hand/ The term <xex>rent</xex> is also popularly applied
to compensation for the use of certain personal chattles, as a
piano, a sewing machine, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Black rent</col>. <cd>See <er>Blackmail</er>, 3.</cd> --
<col>Forehand rent</col>, <cd>rent which is paid in advance;
foregift.</cd> -- <col>Rent arrear</col>, rent in arrears; unpaid
rent. <au>Blackstone</au>. -- <col>Rent charge</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a rent reserved on a conveyance of land in
fee simple, or granted out of lands by deed; -- so called
because, by a covenant or clause in the deed of conveyance, the
land is charged with a distress for the payment of it,
<xex>Bouvier<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Rent roll</col>, <cd>a list or
account of rents or income; a rental.</cd> -- <col>Rent
seck</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a rent reserved by deed, but
without any clause of distress; barren rent. A power of distress
was made incident to rent seck by Statue 4 George II. c. 28.</cd>
-- <col>Rent service</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>rent
reserved out of land held by fealty or other corporeal service;
-- so called from such service being incident to it.</cd> --
<col>White rent</col>, <cd>a quitrent when paid in silver; --
opposed to <xex>black rent<xex>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rent</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rented</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Renting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>renter</ets>. See
<er>Rent</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grant the
possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; to lease; <as>as, the
owwner of an estate or house <ex>rents</ex> it</as>.</def><-- =
rent out; to let -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent;
<as>as, the tennant <ex>rents</ex> an estate of the
owner</as>.</def>

<hw>Rent</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be leased, or let for
rent; <as>as, an estate <ex>rents</ex> for five hundred dollars a
year</as>.</def>

<hw>Rent"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being rented, or suitable for renting.</def>

<hw>Rent"age</hw> <pr>(-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>rentage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rent"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>rentale</ets>, fr. <ets>renta</ets>. See <er>Rent</er>
income.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A schedule, account, or list of
rents, with the names of the tenants, etc.; a rent roll.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sum total of rents; <as>as, an estate that
yields a <ex>rental</ex> of ten thousand dollars a
year</as>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rente</hw> <pr>(r?<er>n</er>t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. See <er>Rent</er> income.]</ety> <def>In France,
interest payable by government on indebtedness; the bonds,
shares, stocks, etc.,, which represent government
indebtedness.</def>

<hw>Rent"er</hw> <pr>(r?nt"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rents or leases an estate; -- usually said of a lessee or
tenant.</def>

<hw>Ren"ter</hw> <pr>(r?n"t?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rentered</er>
<pr>(-t?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rentering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rentraire</ets>;
L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>in</ets> into, in +
<ets>trahere</ets> to draw.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sew
together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to sew up with
skill and nicety; to finedraw.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restore the original design of, by working in
new warp; -- said with reference to tapestry.</def>

<hw>Ren"ter*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
renters.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ren`tier"</hw> <pr>(r?<er>n</er>`ty?")</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See 5th <er>Rent</er>.]</ety> <def>One who
has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, or the like.</def>

<hw>Re*nu"mer*ate</hw> <pr>(r?-n?"m?r-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>renumeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>renumerare</ets>
to count over, count up; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + 
<ets>numerare</ets> to count. See <er>Numerate</er>.]</ety>
<def>To recount.</def>

<hw>Re*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-n?n`s?-?"sh?n <or/ -sh?-?"sh?n;
277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>renonciation</ets>, L. 
<ets>renuntiatio</ets> ann announcement. See
<er>Renounce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
renouncing.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Formal declination to take out
letters of administration, or to assume an office, privilege, or
right.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Renouncement; disownment; disavowal; disavowment;
disclaimer; rejection; abjuration; recantation; denial;
abandonment; relinquishment.</syn>

<-- p. 1219 -->

<hw>Re*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?-n?n"sh?-?-t?-r?)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>renuntiatorius</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a
renunciation; <as>as, <ex>renunciatory</ex> vows</as>.</def>

<hw>Ren*verse"</hw> <pr>(r?n-vErs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>renverser</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>in</ets> in, into + <ets>versare</ets>, v. intens. fr.
<ets>vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <def>To reverse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Whose shield he bears <qex>renverst</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ren*verse"</hw> <pr>(r?n*v?rs")</pr>, <or/ 
<hw>\'d8Ren`ver`s\'82"</hw> <pr>(r?n`v?r`s?")</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>renvers\'82</ets>, <ets>p. p.</ets>
]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Reversed; set with the head
downward; turned contrary to the natural position.</def>

<hw>Ren*verse"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A reversing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ren*voy"</hw> <pr>(-voi")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>renvoyer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To send back.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdNot dismissing or <xex>renvoying</xex>
her.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Ren*voy"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>renvoi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sending back.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re`ob*tain"</hw> <pr>(r?`?b-t?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To obtain again.</def>

<hw>Re`ob*tain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>That may be reobtained.</def>

<hw>Re*oc"cu*py</hw> <pr>(r?-?k"k?-p?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To occupy again.</def>

<hw>Re*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(r?-?m"?-t$r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Same as <er>Rheometer</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*o"pen</hw> <pr>(r?-?"p'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To open again.</def>

<hw>Re`op*pose"</hw> <pr>(r?`?p-p?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To oppose again.</def>

<hw>Re`or*dain"</hw> <pr>(r?`?r-d?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>ordain</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82ordonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ordain again, as when
the first ordination is considered defective.</def>

<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>

<hw>Re*or"der</hw> <pr>(r?-?r"d?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
order a second time.</def>

<hw>Re*or`di*na"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
ordination.</def>

<hw>Re*or`gan*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(-g<it>a</it>n-?-z?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of reorganizing; a reorganized
existence; <as>as, <ex>reorganization</ex> of the
troops</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*or"gan*ize</hw> <pr>(r?-?r"g<it>a</it>n-?z)</pr>, <pos>v.
t. & i.</pos> <def>To organize again or anew; <as>as, to
<ex>reorganize</ex> a society or an army</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*o"ri*ent</hw> <pr>(r?-?"r?-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Rising again.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>The life <qex>reorient</qex> out of dust.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<hw>Re"o*stat</hw> <pr>(r?"?-st?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>See <er>Rheostat</er>.</def>

<hw>Re"o*trope</hw> <pr>(-tr?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>See <er>Rheotrope</er>.</def>

<hw>Rep</hw> <pr>(r?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a
corruption of <ets>rib</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reps</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and
having a transversely corded or ribbed surface.</def>

<hw>Rep</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed with a surface closely
corded, or ribbed transversely; -- applied to textile fabrics of
silk or wool; <as>as, <ex>rep</ex> silk</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*pace"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
pace again; to walk over again in a contrary direction.</def>

<hw>Re*pac"i*fy</hw> <pr>(r?-p?s"?-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To pacify again.</def>

<hw>Re*pack"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?k")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
pack a second time or anew; <as>as, to <ex>repack</ex> beef; to
<ex>repack</ex> a trunk.</as></def>

<hw>Re*pack"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
repacks.</def>

<hw>Re*pa"gan*ize</hw> <pr>(r?-p?"g<it>a</it>n-?z)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To paganize anew; to bring back to paganism.</def>

<hw>Re*paid"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?d")</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> of <er>Repay</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*paint"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
paint anew or again; <as>as, to <ex>repaint</ex> a house; to
<ex>repaint</ex> the ground of a picture.</as></def>

<hw>Re*pair"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?r")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>repairen</ets>, OF. <ets>repairier</ets> to return, fr. L.
<ets>repatriare</ets> to return to one's contry, to go home
again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>patria</ets> native
country, fr. <ets>pater</ets> father. See <er>Father</er>, and
cf. <er>Repatriate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>I thought . . . that he <qex>repaire</qex> should again.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to
<xex>repair</xex> to sanctuary for safety.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Go, mount the winds, and to the shades <qex>repair</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<hw>Re*pair"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>repaire</ets>
retreat, asylum, abode. See <er>Repair</er> to go.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of repairing or resorting to a
place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>The king sent a proclamation for their <qex>repair</qex> to
their houses.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a
resort.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>There the fierce winds his tender force assail
And beat him downward to his first <qex>repair</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Re*pair"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Repaired</er> <pr>(-p?rd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Repairing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82parer</ets>, L. reparare; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>parare</ets> to prepare. See <er>Pare</er>, and cf.
<er>Reparation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To restore to a
sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation, or partial
destruction; to renew; to restore; to mend; <as>as, to
<ex>repair</ex> a house, a road, a shoe, or a ship; to
<ex>repair</ex> a shattered fortune</as>.</def>

<q>Secret refreshings that <qex>repair</qex> his strength.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Do thou, as thou art wont, <qex>repair</qex>
My heart with gladness.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make amends for, as for an injury, by an
equivalent; to indemnify for; <as>as, to <ex>repair</ex> a loss
or damage</as>.</def>

<q>I 'll <qex>repair</qex> the misery thou dost bear.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To restore, recover; renew; amend; mend; retrieve;
recruit.</syn>

<hw>Re*pair"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Restoration to
a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury, or partial
restruction; supply of loss; reparation; <as>as, materials are
collected for the <ex>repair</ex> of a church or of a
city</as>.</def>

<q>Sunk down and sought <qex>repair</qex>
Of sleep, which instantly fell on me.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Condition with respect to soundness,
perfectness, etc.; <as>as, a house in good, or bad,
<ex>repair</ex>; the book is out of <ex>repair</ex>.</as></def>

<hw>Re*pair"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reparable.</def>

<au>Gauden.</au>

<hw>Re*pair"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, repairs, restores, or makes amends.</def>

<hw>Re*pair"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of repairing.</def>

<hw>Re*pand"</hw> <pr>(r?*p?nd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>repandus</ets> bent backward, turned up; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pandus</ets> bent, crooked.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot. & Zool.)</fld> <def>Having a slightly undulating
margin; -- said of leaves.</def>

<hw>Rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?p`?-r?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being reparable.</def>

<hw>Rep"a*ra*ble</hw> <pr>(r?p"?-r?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reparabilis</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82parable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being repaired,
restored to a sound or good state, or made good; restorable;
<as>as, a <ex>reparable</ex> injury</as>.</def>

<hw>Rep"a*ra*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reparable
manner.</def>

<hw>Rep`a*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(-r?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82paration</ets>, L. <ets>reparatio</ets>. See
<er>Repair</er> to mend.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of being renewed or
repaired; <as>as, the <ex>reparation</ex> of a bridge or of a
highway</as>; -- in this sense, <xex>repair</xex> is oftener
used.</def>

<au>Arbuthnot.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of making amends or giving satisfaction
or compensation for a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing done
or given; amends; satisfaction; indemnity.</def>
<-- usu. in the phrase <col>make reparation <or/
reparations</col>. -->

<q>I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose
writings, and make what <qex>reparation</qex> I am able.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Restoration; repair; restitution; compensation;
amends; satisfaction.</syn>

<hw>Re*par"a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?-p?r"?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Repairing, or tending to repair.</def>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<hw>Re*par"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
repairs.</def>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<hw>Re*par"el</hw> <pr>(-?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Reapparel</er>.]</ety> <def>A change of apparel; a second or
different suit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Beau & Fl.</au>

<hw>Rep`ar*tee"</hw> <pr>(r?p`3r-t?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>repartie</ets>, fr. <ets>repartir</ets> to reply,
depart again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- <ets>partir</ets> to part,
depart. See <er>Part</er>.]</ety> <def>A smart, ready, and witty
reply.</def>

<q>Cupid was as bad as he;
Hear but the youngster's <qex>repartee</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Retort; reply. See <er>Retort</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rep`ar*tee"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reparteed</er> <pr>(-t?d")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Reparteeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make smart
and witty replies.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Prior.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re`par*ti`mi*en"to</hw> <pr>(r?`p?r-t?`m?-?n"t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>repartir</ets> to
divide.]</ety> <def>A partition or distribution, especially of
slaves; also, an assessment of taxes.</def>

<au>W. Irving.</au>

<hw>Re`par*to"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-p?r-t?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Another, or an additional, separation into parts.</def>

<hw>Re*pass"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- +  pass</ets>: cf. F. <ets>repasser</ets>.
Cf. <er>Repace</er>.]</ety> <def>To pass again; to pass or travel
over in the opposite direction; to pass a second time; <as>as, to
<ex>repass</ex> a bridge or a river; to <ex>repass</ex> the
sea.</as></def>

<hw>Re*pass"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To pass or go back; to
move back; <as>as, troops passing and <ex>repassing</ex> before
our eyes</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*pas"sage</hw> <pr>(r?-p?s"s?j;48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of repassing; passage back.</def>

<au>Hakluyt.</au>

<hw>Re*pas"sant</hw> <pr>(r?-p?s"s<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>repassant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Counterpassant.</def>

<hw>Re*past"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?st")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>repast</ets>, F. <ets>repas</ets>, LL. <ets>repastus</ets>,
fr. L. <ets>repascere</ets> to feed again; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>pascere</ets>, <ets>pastum</ets>, to pasture, feed.
See <er>Pasture</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of taking
food.</def>

<q>From dance to sweet <qex>repast</qex> they turn.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is taken as food; a meal;
figuratively, any refreshment.</def> \'bdSleep . . . thy best
<xex>repast</xex>.\'b8

<au>Denham.</au>

<q>Go and get me some <qex>repast</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*past"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To supply food to;
to feast; to take food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Repast</xex> them with my blood.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>He then, also, as before, left arbitrary the dieting and
<qex>repasting</qex> of our minds.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*past"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
takes a repast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*pas"ture</hw> <pr>(-p?s"t?r;135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Repast</er>.]</ety> <def>Food; entertainment.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Food for his rage, <qex>repasture</qex> for his den.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*pa"tri*ate</hw> <pr>(r?-p?"tr?-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repatriare</ets>. See 1st <er>Repair</er>.]</ety>
<def>To restore to one's own country.</def>

<hw>Re*pa`tri*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>repatriatio</ets> return to one's
country.]</ety> <def>Restoration to one's country.</def>

<hw>Re*pay"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Repaid</er>
<pr>(-p?d")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Repaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + pay</ets>:
cf. F. <ets>repayer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pay back;
to refund; <as>as, to <ex>repay</ex> money borrowed or
advanced</as>.</def>

<q>If you <qex>repay</qex> me not on such a day,
In such a place, such sum or sums.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make return or requital for; to recompense;
-- in a good or bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>repay</ex> kindness; to
<ex>repay</ex> an injury.</as></def>

<q>Benefits which can not be <qex>repaid</qex> . . . are not
commonly found to increase affection.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To refund; restore; return; recompense; compensate;
remunerate; satisfy; reimburse; requite.</syn>

<hw>Re*pay"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being, or proper to be , repaid; due; <as>as, a
loan <ex>repayable</ex> in ten days; services <ex>repayable</ex>
in kind.</as></def>

<hw>Re*pay"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of repaying; reimbursement.</def>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The money or other thing repaid.</def>

<hw>Re*peal"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Repealed</er>
<pr>(-p?ld")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Repealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>repeler</ets> to
call back, F. <ets>rappeler</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF.
<ets>apeler</ets>, F. <ets>appeler</ets>, to call, L.
<ets>appellare</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>, and. cf.
<er>Repel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To recall; to summon
again, as persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The banished Bolingbroke <qex>repeals</qex> himself,
And with uplifted arms is safe arrived.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to
revoke; to rescind or abrogate by authority, as by act of the
legislature; <as>as, to <ex>repeal</ex> a law</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To suppress; to repel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Whence Adam soon <qex>repealed</qex>
The doubts that in his heart arose.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; revoke; rescind; recall; annul;
abrogate; cancel; reverse. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*peal"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Recall, as from
exile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The tribunes are no soldiers; and their people
 Will be as rash in the <qex>repeal</qex>, as hassty
To expel him thence.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Revocation; abrogation; <as>as, the
<ex>repeal</ex> of a statute; the <ex>repeal</ex> of a law or a
usage.</as></def>

<hw>Re*peal`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being repealable.</def>

<hw>Re*peal"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-p?l"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being repealed.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*peal"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Revocable; abrogable; voidable; reversible.</syn>

<hw>Re*peal"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
repeals; one who seeks a repeal; specifically, an advocate for
the repeal of the Articles of Union between Great Britain and
Ireland.</def>

<hw>Re*peal"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Recall, as from banishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*peat"</hw> <pr>(-p?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Repeated</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Repeating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82p\'82ter</ets>, L. <ets>repetere</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>petere</ets> to fall upon, attack. See
<er>Petition</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter
again; to iterate; to recite; <as>as, to <ex>repeat</ex> an
effort, an order, or a poem</as>.</def>  \'bdI will
<xex>repeat</xex> our former communication.\'b8

<au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au>

<q>Not well conceived of God; who, though his power
Creation could <qex>repeat</qex>, yet would be loth
Us to abolish.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter
again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Waller.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To repay or refund (an
excess received).</def>

<cs><col>To repeat one's self</col>, <cd>to do or say what one
has already done or said.</cd> -- <col>To repeat signals</col>,
<cd>to make the same signals again; specifically, to communicate,
by repeating them, the signals shown at headquarters.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To reiterate; iterate; renew; recite; relate;
rehearse; recapitulate. See <er>Reiterate</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*peat"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of repeating; repetition.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is repeated; <as>as, the
<ex>repeat</ex> of a pattern</as>; that is, the repetition of the
engraved figure on a roller by which an impression is produced
(as in calico printing, etc.).</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A mark, or series of dots,
placed before and after, or often only at the end of, a passage
to be repeated in performance.</def>

<hw>Re*peat"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>More than once;
again and again; indefinitely.</def>

<hw>Re*peat"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, repeats.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of a spring,
will indicate the time, usually in hours and quarters</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A repeating firearm.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Teleg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for resending a
telegraphic message automatically at an intermediate
point</def>.<-- or a telephone signal --> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A
person who votes more than once at an election</def>.
<mark>[U.S.]</mark> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>See <cref>Circulating
decimal</cref>, under <er>Decimal</er>.</def> <sd>(f)</sd>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A pennant used to indicate that a certain
flag in a hoist of signal is duplicated.</def>

<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>

<hw>Re*peat"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Doing the same thing
over again; accomplishing a given result many times in
succession; <as>as, a <ex>repeating</ex> firearm; a
<ex>repeating</ex> watch</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Repeating circle</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Circle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Repeating
decimal</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a circulating decimal. See
under <er>Decimal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Repeating firearm</col>,
<cd>a firearm that may be discharged many times in quick
succession</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A form of firearm
so constructed that by the action of the mechanism the charges
are successively introduced from a chamber containing them into
the breech of the barrel, and fired.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A form
in which the charges are held in, and discharged from, a
revolving chamber at the breech of the barrel</cd>. See
<er>Revolver</er>, and <cref>Magazine gun</cref>, under
<er>Magazine</er>.</cd><-- also called automatic weapon --> --
<col>Repeating instruments</col> <fld>(Astron. & Surv.)</fld>,
<cd>instruments for observing angles, as a circle, theodolite,
etc., so constructed that the angle may be measured several times
in succession, and different, but successive and contiguous,
portions of the graduated limb, before reading off the aggregate
result, which aggregate, divided by the number of measurements,
gives the angle, freed in a measure from errors of eccentricity
and graduation.</cd> -- <col>Repeating watch</col>. <cd>See
<er>Repeater</er> <sd>(a)</sd></cd></cs>

<hw>Rep"e*da"tion</hw> <pr>(r?p`?-da"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.  <ets>repedare</ets> to step back; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <def>A
stepping or going back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<hw>Re**pel"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Repelled</er>
<pr>(-p?ld")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Repelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>repellere</ets>,
<ets>repulsum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>pellere</ets> to drive. See <er>Pulse</er> a beating, and
cf. <er>Repulse</er>, <er>Repeal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
drive back; to force to return; to check the advance of; to
repulse as, to <xex>repel</xex> an enemy or an assailant.</def>

<q>Hippomedon <qex>repelled</qex> the hostile tide.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>They <qex>repelled</qex> each other strongly, and yet
attracted each other strongly.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To resist or oppose effectually; <as>as, to
<ex>repel</ex> an assault, an encroachment, or an
argument</as>.</def>

<q>[He] gently <qex>repelled</qex> their entreaties.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Tu repulse; resist; oppose; reject; refuse.</syn>

<hw>Re*pel"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act with force in
opposition to force impressed; to exercise repulsion.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*pel"lence</hw> <pr>(-l<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*pel"len*cy</hw> <pr>(-l<it>e</it>n-s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The principle of repulsion; the quality or
capacity of repelling; repulsion.</def>

<hw>Re*pel"lent</hw> <pr>(-l<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repellens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. ]</ety>
<def>Driving back; able or tending to repel.</def>

<hw>Re*pel"lent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
repels.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy to repel from a
tumefied part the fluids which render it tumid.</def>

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of waterproof cloth.</def>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Re*pel"ler</hw> <pr>(-l?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, repels.</def>

<hw>Re"pent</hw> <pr>(r?"p?nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>repens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, creeping, p. pr. of
<ets>repere</ets> to creep.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems.</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Reptant</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*pent"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Repented</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Repenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>se repentir</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>poenitere</ets> to make repent, <ets>poenitet me</ets> it
repents me, I repent. See <er>Penitent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To feel pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or
omitted to do.</def>

<q>First she relents
With pity; of that pity then <qex>repents</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on
account of regret or dissatisfaction.</def>

<q>Lest, peradventure, the people <qex>repent</qex> when they see
war, and they return to Egypt.</q>
<qau>Ex. xiii. 17.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To be sorry for sin as
morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to love and
practice sin.</def>

<q>Except ye <qex>repent</qex>, ye shall likewise perish.</q>
<qau>Luke xii. 3.</qau>

<hw>Re*pent"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel pain
on account of; to remember with sorrow.</def>

<q>I do <qex>repent</qex> it from my very soul.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<-- p. 1220 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To feel regret or sorrow; -- used
reflexively.</def>

<q>My father has <qex>repented</qex> him ere now.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used
impersonally.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdAnd it
<xex>repented</xex> the Lord that he had made man on the
earth.\'b8

<au>Gen. vi. 6.</au>

<hw>Re*pent"ance</hw> <pr>(r?-p?nt"<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>repentance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act
of repenting, or the state of being penitent; sorrow for what one
has done or omitted to do; especially, contrition for sin.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Godly sorrow worketh <qex>repentance</qex> to salvation.</q>
<qau>2. Cor. vii. 20.</qau>

<q><qex>Repentance</qex> is a change of mind, or a conversion
from sin to God.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>

<q>Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice from the
conviction that it has offended God. Sorrow, fear, and anxiety
are properly not parts, but adjuncts, of <qex>repentance</qex>;
yet they are too closely connected with it to be easily
separated.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Contrition; regret; penitence; contriteness;
compunction. See <er>Contrition</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*pent"ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>repentant</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Penitent;
sorry for sin.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Thus they, in lowliest plight, <qex>repentant</qex> stood.</q>
<qau>Millton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; <as>as,
<ex>repentant</ex> tears; <ex>repentant</ex> ashes.</as></def>
\'bd<xex>Repentant</xex> sighs and voluntary pains.\'b8

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Re*pent"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who repents,
especially one who repents of sin; a penitent.</def>

<hw>Re*pent"ant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a repentant
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*pent"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
repents.</def>

<hw>Re*pent"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With repentance;
penitently.</def>

<hw>Re*pent"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unrepentant.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*peo"ple</hw> <pr>(r?-p?"p'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + people</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>repeupler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To people anew.</def>

<hw>Re`per*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`p?r-s?p"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of perceiving again; a repeated
perception of the same object.</def>

<q>No external praise can give me such a glow as my own solitary
<qex>reperception</qex> and ratification of what is fine.</q>
<qau>Keats.</qau>

<hw>Re`per*cuss"</hw> <pr>(-k?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Repercussed</er>
<pr>(-k?st")</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Repercussing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>repercusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>repercutere</ets> to drive
back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>percutere</ets>. See
<er>Percussion</er>.]</ety> <def>To drive or beat back; hence, to
reflect; to reverberate.</def>

<q>Perceiving all the subjacent country, . . . to
<qex>repercuss</qex> such a light as I could hardly look
against.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<hw>Re`per*cus"sion</hw> <pr>(-k?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repercussio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82percussion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
driving back, or the state of being driven back; reflection;
reverberation; <as>as, the <ex>repercussion</ex> of
sound</as>.</def>

<q>Ever echoing back in endless <qex>repercussion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Rapid reiteration of the same
sound.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The subsidence of a tumor or
eruption by the action of a repellent.</def>

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Obstetrics)</fld> <def>In a vaginal
examination, the act of imparting through the uterine wall with
the finger a shock to the fetus, so that it bounds upward, and
falls back again against the examining finger.</def>

<hw>Re`per*cuss"ive</hw> <pr>(-k?s"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82percussif</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending or able to repercuss; having the power
of sending back; causing to reverberate.</def>

<q>Ye <qex>repercussive</qex> rocks! repeat the sound.</q>
<qau>W. Pattison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Repellent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdBlood
is stanched by astringent and <xex>repecussive</xex>
medicines.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Driven back; rebounding; reverberated.</def>
\'bdRages loud the <xex>repercussive</xex> roar.\'b8

<au>Thomson.</au>

<hw>Re`per*cuss"ive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A repellent.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Rep`er*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(r?p`?r-t?sh"?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reperticius</ets>. See <er>Repertory</er>.]</ety>
<def>Found; gained by finding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8R<?/`per`toire"</hw> <pr>(F. r?`p?r`tw?r"; E.
r?p"?r-tw?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Repertory</er>.]</ety> <def>A list of drams, operas, pieces,
parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is
prepared to perform.</def>

<hw>Rep"er*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?p"?r-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repertorium</ets>, fr. <ets>reperire</ets> to find
again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>parire</ets>,
<ets>parere</ets>, to bring forth, procure: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82pertoire</ets>. Cf. <er>Parent</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A place in which things are disposed in an
orderly manner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of
a book, a commonplace book, or the like.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Same as <er>R\'82pertoire</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`pe*rus"al</hw> <pr>(r?`p?-r?z"<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or repeated perusal.</def>

<hw>Re`pe*ruse"</hw> <pr>(-r?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
peruse again.</def>

<au> Ld. Lytton.</au>

<hw>Rep`e*tend</hw> <pr>(r?p`?-t?nd")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repetendus</ets> to be repeated, fr.
<ets>repetere</ets> to repeat.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld>
<def>That part of a circulating decimal which recurs continually,
<xex>ad infinitum</xex>: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over the
first and last <?/igures; thus, in the circulating decimal
.728328328 + (otherwise .7283), the <xex>repetend</xex> is
283.</def>

<hw>Rep`e*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(r?p`?-t?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repetitio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82p\'82tition</ets>. See <er>Repeat</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of repeating; a doing or saying again;
iteration.</def>

<q>I need not be barren of accusations; he hath faults, with
surplus to tire in <qex>repetition</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Recital from memory; rehearsal.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The act of repeating, singing,
<?/ playing, the same piece or part a second time; reiteration of
a note.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Reiteration, or repeating the
same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose
of making a deeper impression on the audience.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Astron. & Surv.)</fld> <def>The measurement of
an angle by successive observations with a repeating
instrument.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Iteration; rehearsal. See <er>Tautology</er>.</syn>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rep`e*ti"tion*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>.
<hw>Rep`e*ti"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(-?-r?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature of, or containing,
repetition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rep`e*ti"tion*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who repeats.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rep`e*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(-t?sh"?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Repeating; containing repetition.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<au>Dr. T. Dwight.</au>

<hw>Re*pet"i*tive</hw> <pr>(r?-p?t"?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Containing repetition; repeating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Rep"e*ti`tor</hw> <pr>(r?p"?-t?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. L. <ets>repetitor</ets> a reclaimer.]</ety>
<fld>(Ger.Univ.)</fld> <def>A private instructor.</def>

<hw>Re*pine"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?n")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + pine</ets> to languish.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To fail; to wane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Reppening</xex> courage yields no foot to foe.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To continue pining; to feel inward discontent
which preys on the spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to
murmur.</def>

<q>But Lachesis thereat gan to <qex>repine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>What if the head, the eye, or ear <qex>repined</qex>
To serve mere engines to the ruling mind?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<hw>Re*pine"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vexation;
mortification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*pin"er</hw> <pr>(r?-p?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who repines.</def>

<hw>Re*pin"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With repening or
murmuring.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rep"kie</hw> <pr>(r?p"k?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any edible sea
urchin.</def> <mark>[Alaska]</mark>

<hw>Re*place"</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + place</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>replacer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place again; to
restore to a former place, position, condition, or the
like.</def>

<q>The earl . . . was <qex>replaced</qex> in his government.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To refund; to repay; to restore; <as>as, to
<ex>replace</ex> a sum of money borrowed</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To supply or substitute an equivalent for;
<as>as, to <ex>replace</ex> a lost document</as>.</def>

<q>With Israel, religion <qex>replaced</qex> morality.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take the place of; to supply the want of; to
fulfull the end or office of.</def>

<q>This duty of right intention does not <qex>replace</qex> or
supersede the duty of consideration.</q>
<qau>Whewell.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To put in a new or different place.</def>

<note><hand/ The propriety of the use of <xex>replace</xex>
instead of <xex>displace</xex>, <xex>supersede</xex>, <xex>take
the place of</xex>, as in the third and fourth definitions, is
often disputed on account of etymological discrepancy; but the
use has been sanctioned by the practice of careful
writers.</note>

<cs><col>Replaced crystal</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>a
crystal having one or more planes in the place of its edges or
angles.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*place`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality, state, or degree of being
replaceable.</def>

<hw>Re*place"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?s"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable or admitting of being put back into a
place.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Admitting of having its place supplied by a like
thing or an equivalent; <as>as, the lost book is
<ex>replaceable</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being replaced
(by), or of being exchanged (for); <as>as, the hydrogen of acids
is <ex>replaceable</ex> by metals or by basic
radicals</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*place"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of replacing.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The removal of an edge
or an angle by one or more planes.</def>

<hw>Re*plait"</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
plait or fold again; to fold, as one part over another, again and
again.</def>

<hw>Re*plant"</hw> <pr>(rE-pl?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
plant again.</def>

<hw>Re*plant"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>That may be planted again.</def>

<hw>Re`plan*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`pl?n-t?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of planting again; a replanting.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Hallywell.</au>

<hw>Re*plead"</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?d")</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To plead again.</def>

<hw>Re*plead"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A second pleading, or course of pleadings;
also, the right of pleading again.</def>

<q>Whenever a <qex>repleader</qex> is granted, the pleadings must
begin <qex>de novo</qex>.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<hw>Re*plen"ish</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?n"?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Replenished</er>
<pr>(-?sht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Replenishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>replenissen</ets>, OF. <ets>replenir</ets>; L. pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>plenus</ets> full. See <er>Full</er>,
<er>-ish</er>, and cf. <er>Replete</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To fill again after having been diminished or emptied; to
stock anew; hence, to fill completely; to cause to abound.</def>

<q>Multiply and <qex>replenish</qex> the earth.</q>
<qau>Gen. i. 28.</qau>

<q>The waters thus
With fish <qex>replenished</qex>, and the air with fowl.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To finish; to complete; to perfect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>We smothered
The most <qex>replenished</qex> sweet work of nature.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*plen"ish</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To recover former
fullness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The humors will not <qex>replenish</qex> so soon.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<hw>Re*plen"ish*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who replenishes.</def>

<hw>Re*plen"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of replenishing, or the
state of being replenished.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which replenishes; supply.</def>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<hw>Re*plete"</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?t")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>repletus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>replere</ets> to fill again,
fill up; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>plere</ets> to fill,
akin to <ets>plenus</ets> full: cf. F. <ets>replet</ets>
corpulent. See <er>Plenty</er>, <er>Replenish</er>.]</ety>
<def>Filled again; completely filled; full; charged;
abounding.</def> \'bdHis words <xex>replete</xex> with guile.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>When he of wine was <qex>replet</qex> at his feast.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>In heads <qex>repiete</qex> with thoughts of other men.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<hw>Re*plete"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fill completely, or
to satiety.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*plete"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
replete.</def>

<hw>Re*ple"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repletio</ets> a filling up: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82pl\'82tion</ets>. See <er>Replete</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being replete; superabundant
fullness.</def>

<q>The tree had too much <qex>repletion</qex>, and was oppressed
with its own sap.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<q>Replecioun [overeating] ne made her never sick.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Fullness of blood;
plethora.</def>

<hw>Re*ple"tive</hw> <pr>(-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82pl\'82tif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to make replete;
filling.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ple"tive*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*ple"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Repletive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*plev"i*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?v"?-?-b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Replevy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>Capable of being replevied.</def>

<hw>Re*plev"in</hw> <pr>(-?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. 
<ets>replevina</ets>. See <er>Replevy</er>, and cf.
<er>Plevin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A
personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and
chattle wrongfully taken or detained.  Originally, it was a
remedy peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may
generally now be brought in all cases of wrongful taking or
detention.</def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The writ by which goods and chattles are
replevied.</def>

<hw>Re*plev"in</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To
replevy.</def>

<hw>Re*plev"i*sa*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-s?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[OF. <ets>replevisable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Repleviable.</def>

<au> Sir M. Hale.</au>

<hw>Re*plev"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Replevied</er>
<pr>(-?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Replevying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>replevir</ets>,
LL. <ets>replevire</ets>. See <er>Pledge</er>,
<er>Replevin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To
take or get back, by a writ for that purpose (goods and chattels
wrongfuly taken or detained), upon giving security to try the
right to them in a suit at law, and, if that should be determined
against the plaintiff, to return the property replevied.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Eng.LAw)</fld> <def>To bail.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*plev"y</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?v"?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Replevin.</def>

<au>Mozley & W.</au>

<hw>\'d8Rep"li*ca</hw> <pr>(r?p"l?-k?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It. See <er>Reply</er>, <pos>v. & n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A copy of a work of art,
as of a picture or satue, made by the maker of the
original.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Repetition.</def>

<hw>Rep"li*cant</hw> <pr>(r?p"l?-k<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>One who replies.</def>

<hw>Rep"li*cate</hw> <pr>(-?-k?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
reply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rep"li*cate</hw> <pr>(l?-k?t)</pr>,
<hw>Rep"li*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(-k?`t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>replicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>replicare</ets>.
See <er>Reply</er>.]</ety> <def>Folded over or backward; folded
back upon itself; <as>as, a <ex>replicate</ex> leaf or petal; a
<ex>replicate</ex> margin of a shell</as>.</def>

<hw>Rep`li*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(-k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>replicatio</ets>. See <er>Reply</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An answer; a reply.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Withouten any <qex>repplicacioun</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law Pleadings)</fld> <def>The reply of the
plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.</def>

<q>To hear the <qex>replication</qex> of your sounds.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A repetition; a copy.</def>

<-- 5. (Biochem.)  The copying by enzymes of a cell's genome,
i.e. the DNA or RNA comprising its genetic material, to form an
identical genome.  This is an essential step in the division of
one cell into two.  This differs from tanscription, which is the
copying of only part of the genetic information of a cell's
genome into RNA, as in in the processes of biosynthesis of
messenger RNA or ribosomal RNA.  -->

<au>Farrar.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Answer; response; reply; rejoinder.</syn>

<hw>Re*pli"er</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who replies.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re"plum</hw> <pr>(r?"pl?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
doorcase.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The framework of some
pods, as the cress, which remains after the valves drop
off.</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<hw>Re*ply"</hw> <pr>(r?-pl?")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Replied</er>
<pr>(-pl?d")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Replying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>replien</ets>, OF.
<ets>replier</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82pliquer</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>replicare</ets> to fold back, make a reply; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>plicare</ets> to fold. See
<er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Replica</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To make a return in words or writing; to respond; to
answer.</def>

<q>O man, who art thou that <qex>repliest</qex> against God?</q>
<qau>Rom. ix. 20.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To answer a defendant's
plea.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Figuratively, to do something in return for
something done; <as>as, to <ex>reply</ex> to a signal; to
<ex>reply</ex> to the fire of a battery.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To answer; respond; rejoin.</syn>

<hw>Re*ply"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To return for an
answer.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>Lords, vouchsafe
To give me hearing what I shall <qex>reply</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*ply"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Replies</plw>
<pr>(-pl<?/z")</pr>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Reply</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Replica</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is
said, written, or done in answer to what is said, written, or
done by another; an answer; a response.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Answer; rejoinder; response.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Reply</er>, <er>Rejoinder</er>, <er>Answer</er>. A
<xex>reply</xex> is a distinct response to a formal question or
attack in speech or writing. A <xex>rejoinder</xex> is a second
reply (a reply to a reply) in a protracted discussion or
controversy. The word <xex>answer</xex> is used in two senses,
namely (1), in the most general sense of a mere response; as, the
<xex>answer</xex> to a question; or (2), in the sense of a
decisive and satisfactory confutation of an adversary's argument,
as when we speak of a triumphant <xex>answer</xex> to the speech
or accusations of an opponent. Here the noun corresponds to a
frequent use of the verb, as when we say. \'bdThis will
<xex>answer</xex> (i.e., fully meet) the end in view;\'b8  \'bdIt
<xex>answers</xex> the purpose.\'b8</usage>

<hw>Re*ply"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Replier</er>.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*pol"ish</hw> <pr>(r?-p?l"?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To polish again.</def>

<hw>Re*pone"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reponere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ponere</ets>
to place.]</ety> <def>To replace.</def>

<au>R. Baillie.</au>

<hw>Re*pop`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*p?p`?*l?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of repeopling; act of furnishing with
a population anew.</def>

<hw>Re*port"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reported</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> Reporting.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>reporter</ets> to carry back, carry (cf.
<ets>rapporter</ets>; see <er>Rapport</er>), L.
<ets>reportare</ets> to bear or bring back; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>portare</ets> to bear or bring. See <er>Port</er>
bearing, demeanor.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To refer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Baldwin, his son, . . . succeeded his father; so like unto him
that we <qex>report</qex> the reader to the character of King
Almeric, and will spare the repeating his description.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring back, as an answer; to announce in
return; to relate, as what has been discovered by a person sent
to examine, explore, or investigate; <as>as, a messenger
<ex>reports</ex> to his employer what he has seen or ascertained;
the committee <ex>reported</ex> progress.</as></def>

<q>There is no man that may <qex>reporten</qex> all.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to
circulate publicly, as a story; <as>as, in the common phrase, it
is <ex>reported</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>It is <qex>reported</qex> among the heathen, and Gashmu saith
it, that thou and the Jews think to rebel.</q>
<qau>Neh. vi. 6.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give an official account or statement of;
<as>as, a treasurer <ex>reperts</ex> the recepts and
expenditures</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To return or repeat, as sound; to echo.
<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> \'bdA church with windowss only form
above, that <xex>reporteth</xex> the voice thirteen
times.\'bd</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>To return or
present as the result of an examination or consideration of any
matter officially referred; <as>as, the committee
<ex>reported</ex> the bill witth amendments, or <ex>reported</ex>
a new bill, or <ex>reported</ex> the results of an
inquiry</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings
of a public body; to write down from the lips of a speaker.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>To write an account of for publication, as in a
newspaper; <as>as, to <ex>report</ex> a public celebration or a
horse race</as>.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>To make a statement of the conduct of,
especially in an unfavorable sense; <as>as, to <ex>report</ex> a
servant to his employer</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To be reported</col>, <or/ <col>To be reported
of</col></mcol>, <cd>to be spoken of; to be mentioned, whether
favorably or unfavorably. <au>Acts xvi. 2</au>.</cd> -- <col>To
report one's self</col>, <cd>to betake one's self, as to a
superior or one to whom service is due, and be in readiness to
receive orders or do service.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To relate; narrate; tell; recite; describe.</syn>

<hw>Re*port"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?rt")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a report, or response, in respect of a
matter inquired of, a duty enjoined, or information expected;
<as>as, the committee will <ex>report</ex> at twelve
o'clock</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish in writing an account of a speech,
the proceedings at a meeting, the particulars of an occurrence,
etc., for publication.</def>

<-- p. 1221 -->

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To present one's self, as to a superior officer,
or to one to whom service is due, and to be in readiness for
orders or to do service; also, to give information, as of one's
address, condition, etc.; <as>as, the officer <ex>reported</ex>
to the general for duty; to <ex>report</ex> weekly by
letter.</as></def>

<hw>Re*port"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?rt")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rapport</ets>. See <er>Report</er>.<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is reported.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An account or statement of the results of
examination or inquiry made by request or direction;
relation</def>. \'bdFrom Thetis sent as spies to make
<xex>report</xex>.\'b8  <au>Waller</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
story or statement circulating by common talk; a rumor; hence,
fame; repute; reputation.</def>

<q>It was a true <qex>report</qex> that I heard in mine own land
of thy acts and of thy wisdom.</q>
<qau>1 Kings x. 6.</qau>

<q>Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and . . . of good
<qex>report</qex> among all the nation of the Jews.</q>
<qau>Acts x. 22.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Sound; noise; as, the <xex>report</xex> of a
pistol or cannon</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An official statement
of facts, verbal or written; especially, a statement in writing
of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his
superiors; <as>as, the <ex>reports</ex> of the heads af
departments to Congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of
committees to a legislative body, and the like</as>.</def>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>An account or statement of a judicial opinion
or decision, or of case argued and determined in a court of law,
chancery, etc.; also, in the plural, the volumes containing such
reports; <as>as, Coke's <ex>Reports</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(f)</sd>
<def>A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech, debate,
or the proceedings of a public meeting, legislative body,
etc.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rapport; relation; connection; reference.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The corridors worse, having no <qex>report</qex> to the wings
they join to.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Account; relation; narration; detail; description;
recital; narrative; story; rumor; hearsay.</syn>

<hw>Re*port"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable or admitting of being reported.</def>

<hw>Re*port"age</hw> <pr>(-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>SAme as
<er>Report</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*port"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reports. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> An officer or person who
makees authorized statements of law proceedings and decisions, or
of legislative debates. <sd>(b)</sd> One who reports speeches,
the proceedings of public meetings, news, etc., for the
newspapers.</def>

<q>Of our tales judge and <qex>reportour</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Re*port"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By report or common
fame.</def>

<hw>Re`por*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(r?`p?r-t?"r?-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a reporter or reporters;
<as>as, the <ex>reportorial</ex> staff of a newspaper</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*pos"al</hw> <pr>(r?-p?z"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[From <er>Repose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
state of reposing; <as>as, the <ex>reposal</ex> of a
trust</as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That on which one reposes.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Burton.</au>

<hw>Re*pos"ance</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reliance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>John Hall.</au>

<hw>Re*pose"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?z")</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reposed</er>
<pr>(-p?zd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>reposer</ets>; L.
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pausare</ets> to pause. See
<er>Pause</er>, <er>Pose</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to deposit;
to lay down; to lodge; to reposit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>But these thy fortunes let us straight <qex>repose</qex>
In this divine cave's bosom.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<q>Pebbles <qex>reposed</qex> in those cliffs amongst the earth .
. . are left behind.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to
compose; to rest, -- often reflexive; <as>as, to <ex>repose</ex>
one's self on a couch</as>.</def>

<q>All being settled and <qex>reposed</qex>, the lord archibishop
did present his majesty to the lords and commons.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<q>After the toil of battle to <qex>repose</qex>
Your wearied virtue.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To place, have, or rest; to set; to
intrust.</def>

<q>The king <qex>reposeth</qex> all his confidence in thee.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*pose"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lie at
rest; to rest.</def>

<q>Within a thicket I <qex>reposed</qex>.</q>
<qau> Chapman.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully
without anxiety or alarms.</def>

<q>It is upon these that the soul may <qex>repose</qex>.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lie; to be supported; as, trap
<qex>reposing</qex> on sand</def>.

<syn>Syn. -- To lie; recline; couch; rest; sleep; settle; lodge;
abide.</syn>

<hw>Re*pose"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>repos</ets>. See
<er>Repose</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lying at
rest; sleep; rest; quiet.</def>

<q>Shake off the golden slumber of <qex>repose</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from
uneasiness; also, a composed manner or deportment.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Poetic)</fld> <def>A rest; a pause.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>That harmony or
moderation which affords rest for the eue; -- opposed to the
scattering and division of a subject into too many unconnected
parts, and also to anything which is overstrained; <as>as, a
painting may want <ex>repose</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of repose</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the
inclination of a plane at which a body placed on the plane would
remain at rest, or if in motion would roll or side down with
uniform velocity; the angle at which the various kinds of earth
will stand when abandoned to themselves.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Rest; recumbency; reclination; ease; quiet;
quietness; tranquillity; peace.</syn>

<hw>Re*posed"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?zd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest.</def> <au>Bacon</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Re*pos"ed*ly</wf> <pr>(r<?/-p<?/z"<?/d-l<?/)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Re*pos"ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*pose"ful</hw> <pr>(r?-p?z"f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Full of repose; quiet.</def>

<hw>Re*pos"er</hw> <pr>(r?-p?z"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who reposes.</def>

<hw>Re*pos"it</hw> <pr>(r?-p?z"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reposited</er>; <pos>p.
pr.  & vb. n.</pos> <er>Repositing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>repositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reponere</ets> to put back;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>ponere</ets> to put. See
<er>Position</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to rest or stay; to lay
away; to lodge, as for safety or preservation; to place; to
store.</def>

<q>Others <qex>reposit</qex> their young in holes.</q>
<qau>Derham.</qau>

<hw>Re`po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(r?`p?*z?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repositio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of repositing;
a laying up.</def>

<hw>Re*pos"i*tor</hw> <pr>(r?*p?z"?*t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument employed for replacing a
displaced organ or part.</def>

<hw>Re*pos"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*p?z"?*t$*r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repositorium</ets>, <ets>repostorium</ets>: cf. OF.
<ets>repositoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place where things are or
may be reposited, or laid up, for safety or preservation; a
depository.</def>

<au>Locke.</au>

<hw>Re`pos*sess"</hw> <pr>(r?"p?z*z?s" <or/ -p?s*s?s")</pr>,
<pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To possess again; <as>as, to
<ex>repossess</ex> the land</as>.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<cs><col>To repossess one's self of</col> (something), <cd>to
acquire again (something lost).</cd></cs>

<hw>Re`pos*ses"sion</hw> <pr>(r?`p?z-z?sh"?n <or/ -p?s
s?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or the state of
possessing again.</def>

<hw>Re*po"sure</hw> <pr>(r?-p?"sh?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Rest; quiet.</def>

<q>In the <qex>reposure</qex> of most soft content.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>

<hw>Re*pour"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
pour again.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*pous`s\'82"</hw> <pr>(r<it>e</it> -p??`s?")</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>repousser</ets> to thrust
back; pref <ets>re- + pousser</ets> to push. See
<er>Push</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formed in relief, as a
pattern on metal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Ornamented with
patterns in relief made by pressing or hammering on the reverse
side; -- said of thin metal, or of a vessel made of thin
metal.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Repouss\'82
work.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Repouss\'82 work</col>, <cd>ornamentation of metal in
relief by pressing or hammering on the reverse side.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*prefe"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?f")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reproof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rep`re*hend"</hw> <pr>(r?p`r?-h?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reprehended</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Reprehending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>reprehendere</ets>, <ets>reprehensum</ets>, to hold back,
seize, check, blame; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>prehendere</ets> to lay hold of. See <er>Prehensile</er>,
and cf. <er>Reprisal</er>. ]</ety> <def>To reprove or reprimand
with a view of restraining, checking, or preventing; to make
charge of fault against; to disapprove of; to chide; to blame; to
censure.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Aristippus being <qex>reprehended</qex> of luxury by one that
was not rich, for that he gave six crowns for a small fish.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<q>Pardon me for <qex>reprehending</qex> thee.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>In which satire human vices, ignorance, and errors . . . are
severely <qex>reprehended</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>I nor advise nor <qex>reprehend</qex> the choice.</q>
<qau>J. Philips.</qau>

<hw>Rep`re*hend"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who reprehends.</def>

<hw>Rep`re*hen"si*ble</hw> <pr>(-h?n"s?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reprehensibilis</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82pr\'82hensible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of
reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Rep`re*hen"si*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rep`re*hen"sion</hw> <pr>(-sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reprehensio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82pr\'82hension</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reproof; censure;
blame; disapproval.</def>

<q>This Basilius took as though his mistress had given him a
secret <qex>reprehension</qex> that he had not showed more
gratefulness to Dorus.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Censure; reproof; reprimand. See
<er>Admonition</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rep`re*hen"sive</hw> <pr>(-h?n"s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pr\'82hensif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing
reprehension; conveying reproof.</def>

<au>South.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rep`re*hen"sive*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rep`re*hen"so*ry</hw> <pr>(-s?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Containing reproof; reprehensive; <as>as,
<ex>reprehensory</ex> complaint</as>.</def>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<hw>Re`-pre*sent"</hw> <pr>(r?`pr?-z?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To present again; <as>as, to <ex>re-present</ex> the points
of an argument</as>.</def>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"</hw> <pr>(r?p`r?-z?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>repr<?/senter</ets>, L. <ets>repraesentare</ets>,
<ets>repraesentatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>preesentare</ets> to place before, present. See
<er>Present</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
present again or anew; to present by means of something standing
in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to
typify.</def>

<q>Before him burn
Seven lamps, as in a zodiac <qex>representing</qex>
The heavenly fires.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to
delineate; <as>as, to <ex>represent</ex> a landscape in a
picture, a horse in bronze, and the like</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to
act the part or character of; to personate; <as>as, to
<ex>represent</ex> Hamlet</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To stand in the place of; to supply the place,
perform the duties, exercise the rights, or receive the share,
of; to speak and act with authority in behalf of; to act the part
of (another); <as>as, an heir <ex>represents</ex> his ancestor;
an attorney <ex>represents</ex> his client in court; a member of
Congress <ex>represents</ex> his district in Congress.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To exhibit to another mind in language; to show;
to give one's own impressions and judgement of; to bring before
the mind; to set forth; sometimes, to give an account of; to
describe.</def>

<q>He <qex>represented</qex> Rizzio's credit with the queen to be
the chief and only obstacle to his success in that demand.</q>
<qau>Robertson.</qau>

<q>This bank is thought the greatest load on the Genoese, and the
managers of it have been <qex>represented</qex> as a second kind
of senate.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To serve as a sign or symbol of; <as>as,
mathematical symbols <ex>represent</ex> quantities or relations;
words <ex>represent</ex> ideas or things.</as></def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To bring a sensation of into the mind or
sensorium; to cause to be known, felt, or apprehended; to
present.</def>

<q>Among these. Fancy next
Her office holds; of all external things
Which he five watchful senses <qex>represent</qex>,
She forms imaginations, aery shapes.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>To form or image again in
consciousness, as an object of cognition or apprehension
(something which was originally apprehended by direct
presentation). See <er>Presentative</er>,<er>3</er>.</def>

<q>The general capability of knowledge necessarily requires that,
besides the power of evoking out of unconsciousness one portion
of our retained knowledge in preference to another, we posses the
faculty of <qex>representing</qex> in consciousness what is thus
evoked . . . This representative Faculty is Imagination or
Phantasy.</q>
<qau>Sir. W. Hamilton.</qau>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being represented.</def>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"ance</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Representation; likeness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Donne.</au>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>repr<?/sentant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Appearing or
acting for another; representing.</def>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>representant</ets>.]</ety> <def>A representative.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<hw>Rep`re*sen*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-z?n-t?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>repr<?/sentation</ets>, L.
<ets>representatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
representing, in any sense of the verb.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which represents.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A likeness, a picture, or a model; <as>as, a
<ex>representation</ex> of the human face, or figure, and the
like</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dramatic performance;
<as>as, a theatrical <ex>representation</ex>; a
<ex>representation</ex> of Hamlet.</as></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A
description or statement; <as>as, the <ex>representation</ex> of
an historian, of a witness, or an advocate</as>.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The body of those who act as representatives of
a community or society; <as>as, the <ex>representation</ex> of a
State in Congress</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Insurance
Law)</fld> <def>Any collateral statement of fact, made orally or
in writing, by which an estimate of the risk is affected, or
either party is influenced.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being represented.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Description; show; delineaton; portraiture;
likeness; resemblance; exhibition; sight.</syn>

<hw>Re-pres`en*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-prez`?n-t?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Re-present</er>.]</ety> <def>The act
of re-presenting, or the state of being presented again; a new
presentation; <as>as, <ex>re-presentation</ex> of facts
previously stated</as>.</def>

<hw>Rep`re*sen*ta"tion*a*ry</hw>
<pr>(r?p`r?--z?n-t?"sh?n-?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Implying
representation; representative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*tive</hw> <pr>(-z?nt`?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>repr<?/sentatif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bearing the character or power of another;
acting for another or others; <as>as, a council
<ex>representative</ex> of the people</as>.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act
as deputies for, the people; <as>as, a <ex>representative</ex>
government</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Nat.Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Serving or
fitted to present the full characters of the type of a group;
typical; <as>as, a <ex>representative</ex> genus in a
family</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Similar in general
appearance, structure, and habits, but living in different
regions; -- said of certain species and varieties.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Giving, or existing as, a
transcript of what was originally presentative knowledge; <as>as,
<ex>representative</ex> faculties; <ex>representative</ex>
knowledge</as>.  See <er>Presentative</er>, 3 and
<er>Represent</er>, 8.</def>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.
<ets>repraesentativus</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, represents (anything);
that which exhibits a likeness or similitude.</def>

<q>A statute of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the ear, who was
the <qex>representative</qex> of Credulity.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>Difficulty must cumber this doctrine which supposes that the
perfections of God are the <qex>representatives</qex> to us of
whatever we perceive in the creatures.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies
the place of another, or others, being invested with his or their
authority.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who represents, or stands
in the place of, another.</def>

<note><hand/ The executor or administrator is ordinarily held to
be the <xex>representative</xex> of a deceased person, and is
sometimes called the <xex>legal representative</xex>, or the
<xex>personal representative</xex>. The heir is sometimes called
the <xex>real representative</xex> of his deceased ancestor. The
heirs and executors or administrators of a deceased person are
sometimes compendiously described as his <xex>real</xex> and
<xex>personal representatives</xex>.</note>

<au> Wharton. Burrill.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A member of the lower or popular house in a
State legislature, or in the national Congress.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Nat.Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which
presents the full character of the type of a group.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species or variety which, in any region,
takes the place of a similar one in another region.</def>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
representative manner; vicariously.</def>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being representative.</def>

<q>Dr. Burnet observes, that every thought is attended with
conssciousness and <qex>representativeness</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who shows, exhibits, or describes.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A representative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Rep`re*sent"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Representation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*press"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>press</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
press again.</def>

<hw>Re*press"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-  + press</ets>: cf. L. <ets>reprimere</ets>,
<ets>repressum</ets>. Cf. <er>Reprimand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out; to
quell; to subdue; to supress; <as>as, to <ex>repress</ex>
sedition or rebellion; to <ex>repress</ex> the first risings of
discontent.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep
back.</def>

<q>Desire of wine and all delicious drinks, . . . 
Thou couldst <qex>repress</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To crush; overpower; subdue; suppress; restrain;
quell; curb; check.</syn>

<hw>Re*press"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
repressing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*press"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, represses.</def>

<hw>Re*press"i*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being repressed.</def>

<hw>Re*pres"sion</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pression</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of repressing, or state of being
repressed; <as>as, the <ex>repression</ex> of evil and evil
doers</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which represses; check; restraint.</def>

<hw>Re*press"ive</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?s"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pressif</ets>. LL.
<ets>repressivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power, or tending, to
repress; <as>as, <ex>repressive</ex> acts or measures</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Re*press"ive*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*prev"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?v"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reprovable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*preve"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Reprieve</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To
reprove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Repreve</xex> him of
his vice.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*preve"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reproof.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*priefe"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?f")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Repreve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*priev"al</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?v"<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Reprieve.</def>

<au>Overbury.</au>

<hw>Re*prieve</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. &  p. p.</pos> <er>Reprieved</er>
<pr>(-pr?vd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reprieving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>repreven</ets>
to reject, disallow, OF. <ets>reprover</ets> to blame, reproach,
condemn (pres. <ets>il reprueve</ets>), F.
<ets>r\'82prouver</ets> to disapprove, fr. L.
<ets>reprobare</ets> to reject, condemn; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re-
+ <ets>probare</ets> to try, prove. See <er>Prove</er>, <ets>and
cf</ets>. <er>Reprove</er>, <er>Reprobate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To delay the punishment of; to suspend the
execution of sentence on; to give a respite to; to respite;
<as>as, to <ex>reprieve</ex> a criminal for thirty
days</as>.</def>

<q>He <qex>reprieves</qex> the sinnner from time to time.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To relieve for a time, or temporarily.</def>

<q>Company, thought it may <qex>reprieve</qex> a man from his
melaneholy yet can not secure him from his conscience.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<-- p. 1222 -->

<hw>Re*prieve"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?v")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A temporary suspension of the execution of a
sentence, especially of a sentence of death.</def>

<q>The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a <qex>reprieve</qex>
was sent to suspend the execution for three days.</q>

<au>Clarendon.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Interval of ease or relief; respite.</def>

<q>All that I ask is but a short <qex>reprieve</qex>,
ll I forget to love, and learn to grieve.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>

<hw>Rep"ri*mand</hw> <pr>(r?p"r?-m?nd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82primande</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. L.
<ets>reprimendus</ets>, <ets>reprimenda</ets>, that is to be
checked or suppressed, fr. <ets>reprimere</ets> to check,
repress; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>premere</ets> to press.
See <er>Press</er>, and cf. <er>Repress</er>.]</ety> <def>Severe
or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public.</def>

<q>Goldsmith gave his landlady a sharp <qex>reprimand</qex> for
her treatment of him.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Rep"ri*mand</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reprimanded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reprimanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82primander</ets>. See <er>Reprimand</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reprove severely; to
reprehend; to chide for a fault; to consure formally.</def>

<q>Germanicus was severely <qex>reprimanded</qex> by Tiberius for
traveling into Egypt without his permission.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reprove publicly and officially, in execution
of a sentence; <as>as, the court ordered him to be
<ex>reprimanded</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To reprove; reprehend; chide; rebuke; censure;
blame. See <er>Reprove</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rep"ri*mand`er</hw> <pr>(-m?nd`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who reprimands.</def>

<hw>Re*prim"er</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?m"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>A machine or implement for applying
fresh primers to spent cartridge shells, so that the shells be
used again.</def>

<hw>Re*print"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To print again; to print a second or a new
edition of.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To renew the impression of.</def>

<q>The whole business of our redemption is . . . to
<qex>reprint</qex> God's image upon the soul.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<hw>Re"print`</hw> <pr>(r?"pr?nt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
second or a new impression or edition of any printed work;
specifically, the publication in one country of a work previously
published in another.</def>

<hw>Re*print"er</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?nt"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who reprints.</def>

<hw>Re*pris"al</hw> <pr>(r?-priz"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>repr<?/saille</ets>, It.  <ets>ripresaglia</ets>,
<ets>rappresaglia</ets>, LL. <ets>reprensaliae</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>reprehendere</ets>, <ets>reprehensum</ets>. See
<er>Reprehend</er>, <er>Reprise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or
indemnity.</def>

<q>Debatable ground, on which incursions and <qex>reprisals</qex>
continued to take place.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything taken from an enemy in
retaliation.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting
suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation
for an act of inhumanity.</def>

<au>Vattel (Trans. )</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any act of retaliation.</def>

<au>Waterland.</au>

<cs><col>Letters of marque and reprisal</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Marque</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*prise"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?z")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>reprise</ets>, fr. <ets>reprendre</ets>, <ets>repris</ets>,
to take back, L. <ets>reprehendere</ets>. See
<er>Reprehend</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A taking by way of retaliation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Deductions and
duties paid yearly out of a manor and lands, as rent charge, rent
seck, pensions, annuities, and the like.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>reprizes</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a
pirate.</def>

<hw>Re*prise"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>reprize</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take again; to
retake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To recompense; to pay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*pris"tin*ate</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?s"t?n-?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets>  +
<ets>pristine</ets>.]</ety> <def>To restore to an original
state.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shedd.</au>

<hw>Re*pris`ti*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-t?-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Restoration to an original state; renewal of purity.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>R. Browning.</au>

<hw>Re*prive"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>privare</ets> to
deprive.]</ety> <def>To take back or away.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*prive"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To reprieve.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Howell.</au>

<hw>Re*prize"</hw> <pr>(-pr?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Reprise</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*priz"es</hw> <pr>(-pr?z"?z)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Repise</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
2.</def>

<hw>Re*proach"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?ch")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reproached</er>
<pr>(-pr?cht")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reproaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>reprocher</ets>,
OF. <ets>reprochier</ets>, (assumed) LL. <ets>reproriare</ets>;
L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> again, against, back + <ets>prope</ets>
near; hence, originally, to bring near to, throw in one's teeth.
Cf. <er>Approach</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come back to,
or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame or disgrace
upon; to disgrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>I thought your marriage fit; else imputation,
For that he knew you, might <qex>reproach</qex> your life.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attribute blame to; to allege something
disgracefull against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely
or contemptuously; to upbraid.</def>

<q>If ye be <qex>reproached</qex> for the name of Christ.</q>
<qau>1 Peter iv. 14.</qau>

<q>That this newcomer, Shame,
There sit not, and <qex>reproach</qex> us as unclean.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Mezentius . . . with his ardor warmed
His fainting friends, <qex>reproached</qex> their shameful
flight.
Repelled the victors.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To upbraid; censure; blame; chide; rebuke; condemn;
revile; vilify.</syn>

<hw>Re*proach"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reproche</ets>.
See <er>Reproach</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reproaching; censure mingled with
contempt; contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person;
abusive reflections; <as>as, severe <ex>reproach</ex></as>.</def>

<q>No <qex>reproaches</qex> even, even when pointed and barbed
with the sharpest wit, appeared to give him pain.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<q>Give not thine heritage to <qex>reproach</qex>.</q>
<qau>Joel ii. 17.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cause of blame or censure; shame;
disgrace.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An object of blame, censure, scorn, or
derision.</def>

<q>Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no
more a <qex>reproach</qex>.</q>
<qau>Neh. ii. 17.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Disrepute; discredit; dishonor; opprobrium;
invective; contumely; reviling; abuse; vilification; scurrility;
insolence; insult; scorn; contempt; ignominy; shame; scandal;;
disgrace; infamy.</syn>

<hw>Re*proach"a*blr</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>reprochable</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Deserving reproach; censurable.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opprobrius; scurrilous.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*proach"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Re*proach"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*proach"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reproaches.</def>

<hw>Re*proach"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious;
abusive.</def>

<q>The <qex>reproachful</qex> speeches . . . 
That he hath breathed in my dishonor here.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful;
base; <as>as, a <ex>reproachful</ex> life</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Opprobrious; contumelious; abusive; offensive;
insulting; contemptuous; scornful; insolent; scurrilous;
disreputable; discreditable; dishonorable; shameful; disgraceful;
scandalous; base; vile; infamous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*proach"ful*ly</wf>
<pr>(r<?/-pr<?/ch"f<?/l-l<?/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*proach"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*proach"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without
reproach.</def>

<hw>Repp"ro*ba*cy</hw> <pr>(r?p"r?-b?-c?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reprobation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rep"ro*bance</hw> <pr>(-b<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reprobation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rep"ro*bate</hw> <pr>(-b?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 
<ets>reprobatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reprobare</ets> to
disapprove, condemn. See <er>Reprieve</er>,
<er>Reprove</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard
purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q><qex>Reprobate</qex> silver shall men call them, because the
Lord hath rejected them.</q>
<qau>Jer. vi. 30.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally
abandoned and lost; given up to vice; depraved.</def>

<q>And strength, and art, are easily outdone
By spirits <qex>reprobate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to one who is given up to
wickedness; <as>as, <ex>reprobate</ex> conduct</as>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Reprobate</xex> desire.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Abandoned; vitiated; depraved; corrupt; wicked;
profligate; base; vile. See <er>Abandoned</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rep"ro*bate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One morally abandoned
and lost.</def>

<q>I acknowledge myself for a <qex>reprobate</qex>, a villain, a
traitor to the king.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>

<hw>Rep"ro*bate</hw> <pr>(-b?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reprobated</er>
<pr>(-b?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reprobating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To disapprove
with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to condemn as
unworthy; to disallow; to reject.</def>

<q>Such an answer as this is <qex>reprobated</qex> and disallowed
of in law; I do not believe it, unless the deed appears.</q>
<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>

<q>Every scheme, every person, recommended by one of them, was
<qex>reprobated</qex> by the other.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To abandon to punishment without hope of
pardon.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To condemn; reprehend; censure; disown; abandon;
reject.</syn>

<hw>Rep"ro*bate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
reprobate.</def>

<hw>Rep"ro*ba`ter</hw> <pr>(-b?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who reprobates.</def>

<hw>Rep`ro*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(-b?`sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82probation</ets>, or L.
<ets>reprobatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong disapproval or
censure.</def>

<q>The profligate pretenses upon which he was perpetually
soliciting an increase of his disgraceful stipend are mentioned
with becoming <qex>reprobation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>

<q>Set a brand of <qex>reprobation</qex> on clipped poetry and
false coin.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The predestination of a
certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of
condemnation and punishment.</def>

<hw>Rep`ro*ba"tion*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who believes in reprobation. See
<er>Reprobation</er>,<er>2</er>.</def>

<au> South.</au>

<hw>Rep"ro*ba*tive</hw> <pr>(-b?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation.</def>

<hw>Rep"ro*ba`to*ry</hw> <pr>(-b?`t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reprobative.</def>

<hw>Re`pro*duce"</hw> <pr>(r?`pr?-d?s")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To produce again.</def> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To
bring forward again; <as>as, to <ex>reproduce</ex> a witness; to
<ex>reproduce</ex> charges; to <ex>reproduce</ex> a
play</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To cause to exist again.</def>

<q>Those colors are unchangeable, and whenever all those rays
with those their colors are mixed again they <qex>reproduce</qex>
the same white light as before.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To produce again, by generation or the like; to
cause the existence of (something of the same class, kind, or
nature as another thing); to generate or beget, as offspring;
<as>as, to <ex>reproduce</ex> a rose; some animals are
<ex>reproduced</ex> by gemmation</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To
make an image or other representation of; to portray; to cause to
exist in the memory or imagination; to make a copy of; <as>as, to
<ex>reproduce</ex> a person's features in marble, or on canvas;
to <ex>reproduce</ex> a design</as>.</def>

<hw>Re`pro*du"cer</hw> <pr>(-d?"s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who, or that which, reproduces.</def>

<au>Burke.</au>

<hw>Re`pro*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(-d?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>reproduction</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act or process of reproducing; the state of being
reproduced</def>; specifically <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <def>the
process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring.</def>

<note><hand/ There are two distinct methods of reproduction;
viz.: <stype>asexual reproduction</stype> (agamogenesis) and
<stype>sexual reproduction</stype> (gamogenesis). In both cases
the new individual is developed from detached portions of the
parent organism. In asexual reproduction (gemmation, fission,
etc.), the detached portions of the organism develop into new
individuals without the intervention of other living matter. In
sexual reproduction, the detached portion, which is always a
single cell, called the <xex>female germ cell</xex>, is acted
upon by another portion of living matter, the <xex>male germ
cell</xex>, usually from another organism, and in the fusion of
the two (impregnation) a new cell is formed, from the development
of which arises a new individual.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is reproduced.</def>

<hw>Re`pro*duc"tive</hw> <pr>(-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>reproductif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending, or pertaining, to
reproduction; employed in reproduction.</def>

<au>Lyell.</au>

<hw>Re`pro*duc"to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reproductive.</def>

<hw>Re*proof"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr??f")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>reproef</ets>. See <er>Proof</er>, <er>Reprove</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Refutation; confutation; contradiction.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An expression of blame or censure; especially,
blame expressed to the face; censure for a fault; chiding;
reproach.</def>

<q>Those best can bear <qex>reproof</qex> who merit praise.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Admonition; reprehension; chiding; reprimand;
rebuke; censure; blame. See <er>Admonition</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*prov"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-pr??v"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r<'82prouvable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of
reproof or censure.</def>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Blamable; blameworthy; censurable; reprehensible;
culpable; rebukable.</syn>

--<wordforms><wf>Re*prov"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Re*prov"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re prov"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reproof.</def>

<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>

<hw>Re*prove"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr??v")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reproved</er>
<pr>(-pr??vd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reproving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82prouver</ets>, OF. <ets>reprover</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>reprobare</ets>. See <er>Reprieve</er>, <er>Reprobate</er>,
and cf. <er>Reproof</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
convince.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>When he is come, he will <qex>reprove</qex> the world of sin,
and of righteousness, and of judgment.</q>
<qau>John xvi. 9.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To disprove; to refute.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q><qex>Reprove</qex> my allegation, if you can.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse
as guilty; to censure.</def>

<q>What if thy son</q>

<q>Prove disobedient, and, <qex>reproved</qex>, retort,
\'bdWherefore didst thou beget me?\'b8</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To express disapprobation of; <as>as, to
<ex>reprove</ex> faults</as>.</def>

<q>He neither <qex>reproved</qex> the ordinance of John, neither
plainly condemned the fastings of the other men.</q>
<qau>Udall.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To reprehend; chide; rebuke; scold; blame
censure.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reprove</er>, <er>Rebuke</er>,
<er>Reprimand</er>. These words all signufy the expression of
disapprobation. To <xex>reprove</xex> implies greater calmness
and self-possession. To <xex>rebuke</xex> implies a more excited
and personal feeling. A <xex>reproof</xex> may be administered
long after the offience is committed, and is usually intended for
the reformation of the offender; a <xex>rebuke</xex> is commonly
given at the moment of the wrong, and is administered by way of
punishment and condemnation. A <xex>reprimand</xex> proceeds from
a person invested with authority, and is a formal and offiscial
act. A child is <xex>reproved</xex> for his faults, and
<xex>rebuked</xex> for his impudence. A military officer is
<xex>reprimanded</xex> for neglect or violation of duty.</usage>

<hw>Re*prov"er</hw> <pr>(r?-pr??v"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who, or that which, reproves.</def>

<hw>Re*prov"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reproving
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*prine"</hw> <pr>(r?-pr?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
prune again or anew.</def>

<q>Yet soon <qex>reprunes</qex> her wing to soar anew.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>

<hw>Rep"-sil`ver</hw> <pr>(r?p"s?l`v?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Reap</er>.]</ety> <def>Money anciently paid by
servile tenants to their lord, in lieu of the customary service
of reaping his corn or grain.</def>

<hw>Rep"tant</hw> <pr>(r?p"t<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reptans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>reptare</ets>, v. intens. from <ets>repere</ets> to creep.
See <er>Reptile</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Repent</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Creeping; crawling; --
said of reptiles, worms, etc.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rep*tan"ti*a</hw> <pr>(r?p-t?n"sh?-?)</pr>,
<pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
divisiom of gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata.</def>

<hw>Rep*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(r?p-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reptatio</ets>, from <ets>reptare</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>reptation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The act
of creeping.</def>

<hw>Rep"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?p"t?-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Creeping.</def>

<hw>Rep"tile</hw> <pr>(r?p"t?l;277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>reptile</ets>, L. <ets>reptilis</ets>, fr.
<ets>repere</ets>, <ets>reptum</ets>, to creep; cf. Lith.
<ets>reploti</ets>; perh. akin to L. <ets>serpere</ets>. Cf.
<er>Serpent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Creeping; moving on the
belly, or by means of small and short legs.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; <as>as, a
<ex>reptile</ex> race or crew; <ex>reptile</ex> vices.</as></def>

<q>There is also a false, <qex>reptile</qex> prudence, the result
not of caution, but of fear.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<q>And dislodge their <qex>reptile</qex> souls
From the bodies and forms of men.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Rep"tile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal that crawls, or moves on its
belly, as snakes,, or by means of small, short legs, as lizards,
and the like.</def>

<q>An inadvertent step may crush the snail
That crawls at evening in the public path;
But he that has humanity, forewarned,
Will tread aside, and let the <qex>reptile</qex> live.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Reptilia, or
one of the Amphibia.</def>

<note><hand/ The amphibians were formerly classed with Reptilia,
and are still popularly called <xex>reptiles</xex>, though much
more closely allied to the fishes.</note>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A groveling or very mean person.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rep*til"i*a</hw> <pr>(r?p-t?l"?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of
air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered with scales
or bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and one
ventricle. The development of the young is the same as that of
birds.</def>

<note><hand/ It is nearly related in many respects to Aves, or
birds. The principal existing orders are Testidunata or Chelonia
(turtles), Crocodilia, Lacertilla (lizards), Ophidia (serpents),
and Rhynchocephala; the chief extinct orders are Dinosauria,
Theremorpha, Mosasauria, Pterosauria, Plesiosauria,
Ichtyosauria.</note>

<hw>Rep*til"i*an</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Belonging to the reptiles.</def>

<cs><col>Reptilian age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>that part of
geological time comprising the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous
periods, and distinguished as that era in which the class of
reptiles attained its highest expansion; -- called also the
<altname>Secondary</altname> or <altname>Mezozoic</altname>
age.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rep*til"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>One of the Reptilia; a reptile.</def>

<hw>Re*pub"lic</hw> <pr>(r?-p?b"l?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82publique</ets>, L. <ets>respublica</ets> commonwealth;
<ets>res</ets> a thing, an affair + <ets>publicus</ets>,
<ets>publica</ets>, public. See <er>Real</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and
<er>Public</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Common weal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state in which the sovereign power resides in
the whole body of the people, and is exercised by representatives
elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. <er>Democracy</er>, 2.</def>

<note><hand/ In some ancient states called republics the
sovereign power was exercised by an hereditary aristocracy or a
privileged few, constituting a government now distinctively
called an <xex>aristocracy</xex>. In some there was a division of
authority between an aristocracy and the whole body of the people
except slaves. No existing republic recognizes an exclusive
privilege of any class to govern, or tolerates the institution of
slavery.</note>


<cs><col>Republic of letters</col>, <cd>The collective body of
literary or learned men.</cd></cs>
<-- Democratic republic, a term much used by countries with a
Communist system of government. -->

<hw>Re*pub"lic*an</hw> <pr>(-l?-k<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82publicain</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to a republic.</def>

<q>The Roman emperors were <qex>republican</qex> magistrates
named by the senate.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consonant with the principles of a republic;
<as>as, <ex>republican</ex> sentiments or opinions;
<ex>republican</ex> manners.</as></def>

<cs><col>Republican party</col>. <fld>(U.S. Politics)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An earlier name of the Democratic party when it
was opposed to the Federal party. Thomas Jefferson was its great
leader.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One of the existing great parties.
It was organized in 1856 by a combination of voters from other
parties for the purpose of opposing the extension of slavery, and
in 1860 it elected Abraham Lincoln president.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 1223 -->

<hw>Re*pub"lic*an</hw> <pr>(r?-p?b"l?-k<it>a</it>n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who favors or prefers a
republican form of government.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(U.S.Politics)</fld> <def>A member of the
Republican party.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The American
cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build their nests side by side,
many together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A South African weaver
bird (<spn>Philet\'91rus socius</spn>). These weaver birds build
many nests together, under a large rooflike shelter, which they
make of straw.</def>

<cs><col>Red republican</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Red</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*pub"lic*an*ism</hw> <pr>(-?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82publicanisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A republican form or system of government; the principles or
theory of republican government.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a
republican form of government.</def>

<au>Burke.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The principles and policy of the Republican
party, so called</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Re*pub"lic*an*ize</hw> <pr>(-?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Republicanized</er>
<pr>(-?zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Republicanizing</er> <pr>(-?`z?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82publicaniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To change,
as a state, into a republic; to republican principles; <as>as,
France was <ex>republicanized</ex>; to <ex>republicanize</ex> the
rising generation.</as></def>

<au>D. Ramsay.</au>

<hw>Re*pub"li*cate</hw> <pr>(r?*p?b"l?*k?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>republicare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
make public again; to republish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*pub`li*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-p?b`l?-k?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A second publication, or a new publication of
something before published, as of a former will, of a volume
already published, or the like; specifically, the publication in
one country of a work first issued in another; a reprint.</def>

<q>If there be many testaments, the last overthrows all the
former; but the <qex>republication</qex> of a former will revokes
one of a later date, and establishes the first.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<hw>Re*pub"lish</hw> <pr>(r?-p?b"l?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Republished</er>
<pr>(-l?sht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Republishing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To publish anew;
specifically, to publish in one country (a work first published
in another); also, to revive (a will) by re<?/xecution or
codicil.</def>

<q>Subsecquent to the purchase or contract, the devisor
<qex>republished</qex> his will.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<hw>Re*pub"lish*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who republishes.</def>

<hw>Re*pu"di*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-p?"d?-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Repudilate</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of
repudiation; fit or proper to be put away.</def>

<hw>Re*pu"di*ate</hw> <pr>(-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Repudiated</er>
<pr>(-?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Repudiating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>repudiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>repudiare</ets> to
repudiate, reject, fr. <ets>repudium</ets> separation, divorce;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pudere</ets> to be
ashamed.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do
with; to renounce; to reject.</def>

<q>Servitude is to be <qex>repudiated</qex> with greater
care.</q>
<qau>Prynne.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or
a woman one has promised to marry.</def>

<q>His separation from Terentis, whom he <qex>repudiated</qex>
not long afterward.</q>
<qau>Bolingbroke.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim;
<as>as, the State has <ex>repudiated</ex> its debts</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*pu`di*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-\'b5"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r\'82pudiation</ets>, L.
<ets>repudiatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of repudiating, or the
state of being repuddiated; <as>as, the <ex>repudiation</ex> of a
doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc.</as></def>

<hw>Re*pu`di*a"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who favors
repudiation, especially of a public debt.</def>

<hw>Re*pu"di*a`tor</hw> <pr>(r?-p?"d?-?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L., a rejecter, contemner.]</ety> <def>One who
repudiates.</def>

<hw>Re*pugn"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82pugner</ets>, L. <ets>repugnare</ets>,
<ets>repugnatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re- + pugnare</ets> to fight.
See <er>Pugnacious</er>.]</ety> <def>To fight against; to oppose;
to resist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Stubbornly he did <qex>repugn</qex> the truth.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*pug"na*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-p?g"n?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being repugned or resisted.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. North.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*pug"nance</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*pug"nan*cy</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>n-s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82pugnance</ets>, L.
<ets>repugnantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or condition of
being repugnant; opposition; contrariety; especially, a strong
instinctive antagonism; aversion; reluctance; unwillingness, as
of mind, passions, principles, qualities, and the like.</def>

<q>That which causes us to lose most of our time is the
<qex>repugnance</qex> which we naturally have to labor.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Let the foes quietly cut their throats,
Without <qex>repugnancy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Aversion; reluctance; unwillingness; dislike;
antipathy; hatred; hostility; irreconcilableness; contrariety;
inconsistency. See <er>Dislike</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*pug"nant</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82pugnant</ets>, or L. <ets>repugnans</ets>,
<ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>repugnare</ets>. See
<er>Repugn</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to fight against; hostile;
at war with; being at variance; contrary; inconsistent;
refractory; disobedient; also, distasteful in a high degree;
offensive; -- usually followed by <xex>to</xex>, rarely and less
properly by <xex>with</xex>; <as>as, all rudeness was
<ex>repugnant</ex> to her nature</as>.</def>

<q>[His sword] <qex>repugnant</qex> to command.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>There is no breach of a divine law but is more or less
<qex>repugnant</qex> unto the will of the Lawgiver, God
himself.</q>
<qau>Perkins.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Opposite; opposed; adverse; contrary; inconsistent;
irreconcilable; hostile; inimical.</syn>

<hw>Re*pug"nant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a repugnant
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*pug"nate</hw> <pr>(-n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From
L. <ets>repugnare</ets>. See <er>Repugn</er>.]</ety> <def>To
oppose; to fight against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*pugn"er</hw> <pr>(r?-p?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who repugns.</def>

<hw>Re*pul"lu*late</hw> <pr>(r?-p?l"l?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>repullulare</ets>,
<ets>repullulatum</ets>. See <er>Pullulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To
bud again.</def>

<q>Though tares <qex>repullulate</qex>, there is wheat still left
in the field.</q>
<qau>Howell.</qau>

<hw>Re*pul`lu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-p?l`l?-l?"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of budding again; the state of having
budded again.</def>

<hw>Re*pulse"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?ls")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Repulsed</er>
<pr>(-p?lst")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Repulsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>repulsus</ets>, p.
p. of <ets>repellere</ets>. See <er>Repel</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To repel; to beat or drive back; <as>as, to
<ex>repulse</ex> an assault; to <ex>repulse</ex> the
enemy.</as></def>

<q>Complete to have discovered and <qex>repulsed</qex>
Whatever wiles of foe or seeming friend.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial; to
reject; to send away; <as>as, to <ex>repulse</ex> a suitor or a
proffer</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*pulse"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>repulsa</ets>,
fr. <ets>repellere</ets>, <ets>repulsum</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of repelling or driving back; also, the
state of being repelled or driven back.</def>

<q>By fate repelled, and with <qex>repulses</qex> tired.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>

<q>He received in the <qex>repulse</qex> of Tarquin seven hurts
in the body.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively: Refusal; denial; rejection;
failure.</def>

<hw>Re*pulse"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not capable of being
repulsed.</def>

<hw>Re*puls"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
repulses, or drives back.</def>

<hw>Re*pul"sion</hw> <pr>(r?-p?l"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>repulsio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82pulsion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
repulsing or repelling, or the state of being repulsed or
repelled.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A feeling of violent offence or disgust;
repugnance.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The power, either inherent
or due to some physical action, by which bodies, or the particles
of bodies, are made to recede from each other, or to resist each
other's nearer approach; <as>as, molecular <ex>repulsion</ex>;
electrical <ex>repulsion</ex>.</as></def>

<hw>Re*pul"sive</hw> <pr>(-s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82pulsif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Serving, or able,
to repulse; repellent; <as>as, a <ex>repulsive</ex>
force</as>.</def>

<q><qex>Repulsive</qex> of his might the weapon stood.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cold; forbidding; offensive; <as>as,
<ex>repulsive</ex> manners</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*pul"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*pul"sive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*pul"so*ry</hw> <pr>(-s?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>repulsorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Repulsive; driving
back.</def>

<hw>Re*pur"chase</hw> <pr>(r?*p?r"ch?s; 48)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To buy back or again; to regain by purchase.</def>

<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>

<hw>Re*pur"chase</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
repurchasing.</def>

<hw>Re*pu"ri*fy</hw> <pr>(r?-p?"r?-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To purify again.</def>

<hw>Rep"u*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(r?p"?-t?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[From <er>Repute</er>.]</ety> <def>Having, or worthy of,
good repute; held in esteem; honorable; praiseworthy; <as>as, a
<ex>reputable</ex> man or character; <ex>reputable</ex>
conduct.</as></def>

<q>In the article of danger, it is as <qex>reputable</qex> to
elude an enemy as defeat one.</q>
<qau>Broome.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Respectable; creditable; estimable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rep"u ta*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Rep"u*ta*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rep`u*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82putation</ets>, L. <ets>reputatio</ets> a
reckoning, consideration. See <er>Repute</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The estimation in which one is held; character
in public opinion; the character attributed to a person, thing,
or action; repute.</def>

<q>The best evidence of <qex>reputation</qex> is a man's whole
life.</q>
<qau>Ames.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The character imputed to a
person in the community in which he lives. It is admissible in
evidence when he puts his character in issue, or when such
reputation is otherwise part of the issue of a case.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Specifically: Good reputation; favorable regard;
public esteem; general credit; good name.</def>

<q>I see my <qex>reputation</qex> is at stake.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>The security of his <qex>reputation</qex> or good name.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Account; value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>[/Christ] made himself of no <qex>reputation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Phil. ii. 7.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Credit; repute; regard; estimation; esteem; honor;
fame.  See the Note under <er>Character</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*put"a*tive*ly</hw> <pr>(r?-p?t"?-t?v-l?)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <def>By repute.</def>

<hw>Re*pute"</hw> <pr>(r?-p?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reputed</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Reputing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82puter</ets>, L. <ets>reputare</ets> to count over,
think over; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>putare</ets> to
count, think. See <er>Putative</er>.]</ety> <def>To hold in
thought; to account; to estimate; to hold; to think; to
reckon.</def>

<q>Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and <qex>reputed</qex>
vile in your sight?</q>
<qau>Job xviii. 3.</qau>

<q>The king your father was <qex>reputed</qex> for
A prince most prudent.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*pute"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Character
reputed or attributed; reputation, whether good or bad;
established opinion; public estimate.</def>

<q>He who regns
Monarch in heaven, till then as one secure
Sat on his throne, upheld by old <qex>repute</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: Good character or reputation;
credit or honor derived from common or public opinion; -- opposed
to <xex>disrepute</xex>.</def> \'bdDead stocks, which have been
of <xex>repute</xex>.\'b8

<au>F. Beaumont.</au>

<hw>Re*put"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(r?-p?t"?d-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>In common opinion or estimation; by repute.</def>

<hw>Re*pute"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not having good repute;
disreputable; disgraceful; inglorius.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*quere"</hw> <pr>(r?--kw?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
require.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*quest"</hw> <pr>(r?-kw\'b5st")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[OE. <ets>requeste</ets>, OF. <ets>requeste</ets>, F.
<ets>requ<?/te</ets>, LL. <ets>requesta</ets>, for
<ets>requisita</ets>, fr. L. <ets>requirere</ets>,
<ets>requisitum</ets>, to seek again, ask for. See
<er>Require</er>, and cf. <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of asking for anything desired; expression of desire
or demand; solicitation; prayer; petition; entreaty.</def>

<q>I will marry her, sir, at your <qex>request</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is asked for or requested.</def>
\'bdHe gave them their <xex>request</xex>.\'b8

<au>Ps. cvi. 15.</au>

<q>I will both hear and grant you your <qex>requests</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A state of being desired or held in such
estimation as to be sought after or asked for; demand.</def>

<q>Knowledge and fame were in as great <qex>request</qex> as
wealth among us now.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<cs><col>Court of Requests</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A local
tribunal, sometimes called <altname>Court of Consience</altname>,
founded by act of Parliament to facilitate the recovery of small
debts from any inhabitant or trader in the district defined by
the act; -- now mostly abolished</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A court
of equity for the relief of such persons as addressed the
sovereign by supplication; -- now abolished. It was inferior to
the Court of Chancery.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> <au>Brande &
C.</au></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Asking; solicitation; petition; prayer;
supplication; entreaty; suit.</syn>

<hw>Re*quest"</hw> <pr>(r?-kw?st")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Requested</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Requesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.
OF. <ets>requester</ets>, F. <ets>requ<ecir/ter</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To ask for (something); to express desire ffor;
to solicit; <as>as, to <ex>request</ex> his presence, or a
favor</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To address with a request; to ask.</def>

<q>I <qex>request</qex> you
To give my poor host freedom.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To ask; solicit; entreat; beseech. See
<er>Beg</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*quest"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
requests; a petitioner.</def>

<hw>Re*quick"en</hw> <pr>(r?-kw?k"'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To quicken anew; to reanimate; to give new life to.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re"qui*em</hw> <pr>(r?"kw?-?m;277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Acc. of L. <ets>requies</ets> rest, the first words of the
Mass being \'bd<ets>Requiem</ets> aeternam dona eis, Domine,\'b8
give eternal rest to them, O lord; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re +
<ets>quies</ets> quiet. See <er>Quiet</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and
cf. <er>Requin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld>
<def>A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed soul.</def>

<q>We should profane the service of the dead
To sing a <qex>requiem</qex> and such rest to her
As to peace-parted souls.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any grand musical composition, performed in
honor of a deceased person.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rest; quiet; peace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Else had I an eternal <qex>requiem</qex> kept,
And in the arms of peace forever slept.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>

<hw>Re*qui"e*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?-kw?"?-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.  <ets>requietorium</ets>, fr. <ets>requiescere</ets>,
<ets>requietum</ets>, to rest. See <er>Re</er>-, and
<er>Quiesce</er>.]</ety> <def>A sepulcher.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Weever.</au>

<hw>Re"quin</hw> <pr>(r?"kw?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>reqiem</ets> a Mass sung for the dead. See
<er>Requiem</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
man-eater, or white shark (<spn>Carcharodon carcharias</spn>); --
so called on account of its causing <xex>requiems</xex> to be
sung.</def>

<hw>Re*quir"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-kw?r"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being required; proper to be required.</def>

<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>

<hw>Re*quire"</hw> <pr>(r?-kw?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Required</er>
<pr>(-kw?rd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Requiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>requeren</ets>,
<ets>requiren</ets>, OF. <ets>requerre</ets>, F.
<ets>requ<?/rir</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>quaerere</ets> to ask; cf. L. <ets>requirere</ets>. See
<er>Query</er>, and cf. <er>Request</er>,
<er>Requisite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To demand; to insist
upon having; to claim as by right and authority; to exact;
<as>as, to <ex>require</ex> the surrender of property</as>.</def>

<q>Shall I say to C\'91sar
What you <qex>require</qex> of him?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>By nature did what was by law <qex>required</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To demand or exact as indispensable; to
need.</def>

<q>just gave what life <qex>required</qex>, and gave no more.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<q>The two last [biographies] <qex>require</qex> to be
particularly noticed.</q>
<qau>J. A. Symonds.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To ask as a favor; to request.</def>

<q>I was ashamed to <qex>require</qex> of the king a band of
soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the
way.</q>
<qau>Ezra viii. 22.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To claim; exact; enjoin; prescribe; direct; order;
demand; need.</syn>

<hw>Re*quire"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of requiring; demand; requisition.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is required; an imperative or
authoritative command; an essential condition; something needed
or necessary; a need.</def>

<q>One of those who believe that they can fill up every
<qex>requirement</qex> contained in the rule of
righteousness.</q>
<qau>J. M. Mason.</qau>

<q>God gave her the child, and gave her too an instinctive
knowledge of its nature and <qex>requirements</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<hw>Re*quir"er</hw> <pr>(-kw?r"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who requires.</def>

<hw>Req"ui*site</hw> <pr>(r?k"w?-z?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>That which is required, or is necessary; something
indispensable.</def>

<q>God, on his part, has declared the <qex>requisites</qex> on
ours; what we must do to obtain blessings, is the great business
of us all to know.</q>
<qau>Wake.</qau>

<hw>Req"ui*site</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>requisitus</ets>, p. p. <ets>requirere</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>quaerere</ets> to ask. See
<er>Require</er>.]</ety> <def>Required by the nature of things,
or by circumstances; <?/<?/ needful that it can not be dispensed
with; necessary indispensable.</def>

<q>All truth <qex>requisite</qex> for men to know.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Necessary; needful; indispensable; essential.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Req"ui*site*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Req"ui*site*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Req`ui*si"tion</hw> <pr>(r?k`w?-z?sh"?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82quisition</ets>, L.
<ets>requisitio</ets> a searching.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of requiring, as of right; a demand or application made as by
authority.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(International
Law)</fld> <def>A formal demand made by one state or government
upon another for the surrender or extradition of a fugitive from
justice</def>. <au>Kent</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>A notarial demand of a debt</def>. <au>Wharton</au>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A demand by the invader upon
the people of an invaded country for supplies, as of provision,
forage, transportation, etc.</def> <au>Farrow</au>. <sd>(d)</sd>
<def>A formal application by one officer to another for things
needed in the public service; <as>as, a <ex>requisition</ex> for
clothing, troops, or money</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is required by authority; especially,
a quota of supplies or necessaries.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A written or normal call; an invitation; a
summons; <as>as, a <ex>reqisition</ex> for a public
meeting</as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Req`ui*si"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
make a reqisition on or for; <as>as, to <ex>requisition</ex> a
district for forage; to <ex>requisition</ex> troops</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To present a requisition to; to summon request;
<as>as, to <ex>requisition</ex> a person to be a
candidate</as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Req`ui*si"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes or
signs a requisition.</def>

<hw>Re*quis"i*tive</hw> <pr>(r?-kw?z"?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Expressing or implying demand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Harris.</au>

<hw>Re*quis"i*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that
which, makes requisition; a requisitionist.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*quis"i*tor</hw> <pr>(-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who makes reqisition; esp., one authorized by a requisition to
investigate facts.</def>

<hw>Re*quis"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sought for; demanded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Summary on Du Bartas (1621).</au>

<hw>Re*quit"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-kw?t"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>That may be requited.</def>

<hw>Re*quit"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[From <er>Requite</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of requiting;
also, that which requites; return, good or bad, for anything
done; in a good sense, compensation; recompense; <as>as, the
<ex>requital</ex> of services</as>; in a bad sense, retaliation,
or punishment; <as>as, the <ex>requital</ex> of evil
deeds</as>.</def>

<q>No merit their aversion can remove,
Nor ill <qex>requital</qex> can efface their love.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>

<-- p. 1224 -->

<syn>Syn. -- Compensation; recompense; remuneration; reward;
satisfaction; payment; retribution; retaliation; reprisal;
punishment.</syn>

<hw>Re"quite"</hw> <pr>(r?-kw?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Requited</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Requiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>quit</ets>.]</ety> <def>To repay; in a good
sense, to recompense; to return (an equivalent) in good; to
reward; in a bad sense, to retaliate; to return (evil) for evil;
to punish.</def>

<q>He can <qex>requite</qex> thee; for he knows the charma
That call fame on such gentle acts as these.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to
<qex>requite</qex> it with thy hand.</q>
<qau>Ps. x. 14.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To repay; reward; pay; compensate; remunerate;
satisfy; recompense; punish; revenge.</syn>

<hw>Re*quite"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Requital</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>E. Hall.</au>

<hw>Re*quit"er</hw> <pr>(-kw?t"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who requites.</def>

<hw>Rere"brace`</hw> <pr>(r?r"br?s")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>arri<?/re-bras</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld>
<def>Armor for the upper part of the arm.</def>

<au>Fairholt.</au>

<hw>Rere`de*main"</hw> <pr>(-d?-m?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>arri<?/re</ets> back + <ets>de</ets> of +
<ets>main</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>A backward stroke.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rere"dos</hw> <pr>(r?r"d?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>rear</ets> + F. <ets>dos</ets> back, L. <ets>dorsum</ets>.
Cf. <er>Dorsal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A screen or partition wall behind an altar.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The back of a fireplace.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>The open hearth, upon which fires were lighted, immediately
under the louver, in the center of ancient halls.</def>
<altsp>[Also spelt <asp>reredosse</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Fairholt.</au>

<hw>Rere"fief`</hw> <pr>(r?r"f?f`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>arri\'8are-fief</ets>. See <er>Rear</er> hinder, and
<er>Fief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A fief held of
a superior feudatory; a fief held by an under tenant.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re*reign"</hw> <pr>(r?-r?n")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
reign again.</def>

<hw>Re`-re*it"er*ate</hw> <pr>(r?`r?-?t"?r-?t)</pr>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To reiterate many times.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdMy <xex>re-reiterated</xex> wish.\'b8

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<hw>Rere"mouse`</hw> <pr>(r?r"mous`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rearmouse.</def>

<hw>Re`-re*solve"</hw> <pr>(r?`r?-z?lv")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &
i.</pos> <def>To resolve again.</def>

<q>Resolves, and <qex>re-resolves</qex>, then dies the same.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>

<hw>Rere"ward`</hw> <pr>(r?r"w?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rearward</er>.]</ety> <def>The rear quard of an army.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Res</hw> <pr>(r?z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Res</plw></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A thing; the
particular thing; a matter; a point.</def>

<cs><col>\'d8Res gest\'91</col> <ety>[L., things done]</ety>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the facts which form the environment of a
litigated issue. <au>Wharton</au>.</cd> -- <col>\'d8Res
judicata</col> <mark>[L.]</mark> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a thing
adjudicated; a matter no longer open to controversy.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*sail"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To sail again; also, to sail back, as to a former
port.</def>

<hw>Re*sale"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?l" <or/ r?"s?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A sale at second hand, or at retail; also, a second
sale.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*sal"gar</hw> <pr>(r?-s?l"g?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Realgar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re`sa*lute"</hw> <pr>(r?`s?-l?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To salute again.</def>

<hw>Re*saw"</hw> <pr>(r<?/-s<?/")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
saw again; specifically, to saw a balk, or a timber, which has
already been squared, into dimension lumber, as joists, boards,
etc.</def>

<hw>Res"cat</hw> <pr>(r?s"k?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>rescattar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ransom; to release; to
rescue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Howell.</au>

<hw>Res"cat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>rescate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ransom; release.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*scind"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rescinded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rescinding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>rescindere</ets>, <ets>rescissum</ets>; pref <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>scindere</ets> to cut, split: cf. F.
<ets>rescinder</ets>. See <er>Shism</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cut off; to abrogate; to annul.</def>

<q>The blessed Jesus . . . did sacramentally <qex>rescind</qex>
the impure relics of Adam and the contraction of evil
customs.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, to vacate or make void, as an act,
by the enacting authority or by superior authority; to repeal;
<as>as, to <ex>rescind</ex> a law, a resolution, or a vote; to
<ex>rescind</ex> a decree or a judgment.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To revoke; repeal; abrogate; annul; recall; reverse;
vacate; void.</syn>

<hw>Re*scind"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being rescinded.</def>

<hw>Re*scind"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of rescinding; rescission.</def>

<hw>Re*scis"sion</hw> <pr>(r?-s?zh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>rescissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rescission</ets>. See
<er>Rescind</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of rescinding, abrogating,
annulling, or vacating; <as>as, the <ex>rescission of a law</ex>,
<ex>decree</ex>, <ex>or judgment</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*scis"so*ry</hw> <pr>(r?-s?z"?-r? <or/ r?-s?s"-)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>rescissorius</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rescisoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to rescind;
rescinding.</def>

<q>To pass a general act <qex>rescissory</qex> (as it was
called), annulling all the Parliaments that had been held since
the year 1633.</q>
<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>

<hw>Res"cous</hw> <pr>(r?s"k?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.,
fr. OF. <ets>rescousse</ets>, fr. <ets>rescourre</ets>, p. p.
<ets>rescous</ets>, to rescue. See <er>Rescue</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Rescue; deliverance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See
<er>Rescue</er>,<er>2</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Res"cowe</hw> <pr>(r?s"kou)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
rescue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*scribe"</hw> <pr>(r?-skr?b")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>rescribere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>scribere</ets> to write. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To write back; to write in reply.</def>

<au>Ayliffe.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To write over again.</def>

<au>Howell.</au>

<hw>Re"script</hw> <pr>(r?"skr?pt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rescriptum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rescrit</ets>, formerly also
spelt <ets>rescript</ets>. See <er>Rescribe</er>,<pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom.Antiq.)</fld> <def>The answer of an emperor
when formallyconsulted by particular persons on some difficult
question; hence, an edict or decree.</def>

<q>In their <qex>rescripts</qex> and other ordinances, the Roman
emperors spoke in the plural number.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>The official written answer
of the pope upon a question of canon law, or morals.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A counterpart.</def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<hw>Re*scrip"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-skr?p"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.  <ets>rescriptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rescription</ets>.
See <er>Rescribe</er>.]</ety> <def>A writing back; the answering
of a letter.</def>

<au>Loveday.</au>

<hw>Re*scrip"tive</hw> <pr>(-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or answering the purpose of, a rescript;
hence, deciding; settling; determining.</def>

<hw>Re*scrip"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By
rescript.</def>

<au>Burke.</au>

<hw>Res"cu*a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?s"k?-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>That may be rescued.</def>

<hw>Res"cue</hw> <pr>(r?s"k?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rescued</er>
<pr>(-k?d)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rescuing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rescopuen</ets>,
OF. <ets>rescourre</ets>, <ets>rescurre</ets>,
<ets>rescorre</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>excutere</ets> to shake or drive out; <ets>ex</ets> out +
<ets>quatere</ets> to shake. See <er>Qtash</er> to crush,
<er>Rercussion</er>.]</ety> <def>To free or deliver from any
confinement, violence, danger, or evil; to liberate from actual
restraint; to remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to
evil; <as>as, to <ex>rescue</ex> a prisoner from the enemy; to
<ex>rescue</ex> seamen from destruction.</as></def>

<q>Had I been seized by a hungry lion,
I would have been a breakfast to the best,
Rather than have false Proteus <qex>rescue</qex> me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To retake; recapture; free; deliver; liberate;
release; save.</syn>

<hw>Res"cue</hw> <pr>(r?s"k?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rescue</er>, <pos>v.</pos>; cf. <er>Rescous</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rescuing; deliverance from restraint,
violence, or danger; liberation.</def>

<q>Spur to the <qex>rescue</qex> of the noble Talbot.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The forcible
retaking, or taking away, against law, of things lawfully
distrained.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The forcible liberation of a
person from an arrest or imprisonment.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>The retaking by a party captured of a prize made by the
enemy.</def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<q>The <qex>rescue</qex> of a prisoner from the court is punished
with perpetual imprisonment and forfeiture of goods.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<cs><col>Rescue grass</col>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A tall grass (<spn>Ceratochloa
unioloides</spn>) somewhat resembling chess, cultivated for hay
and forage in the Southern States.</cd></cs>

<hw>Res"cue*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without rescue or
release.</def>

<hw>Res"cu*er</hw> <pr>(-k?-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rescues.</def>

<hw>Res`cus*see"</hw> <pr>(r?s`k?s-s?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The party in whose favor a rescue is
made.</def>

<au>Crabb.</au>

<hw>Res*cus"sor</hw> <pr>(r?s-k?s"s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>One who makes an
unlawful rescue; a rescuer.</def>

<au>Burril.</au>

<hw>Rese</hw> <pr>(r?z)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shake; to
quake; to tremble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIt made all the
gates for to <xex>rese</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re-search"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?rch")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + search</ets>.]</ety> <def>To search again;
to examine anew.</def>

<hw>Re*search"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?rch")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + search</ets>: cf OF. <ets>recerche</ets>,
F. <ets>recherche</ets>.]</ety> <def>Diligent inquiry or
examination in seeking facts or principles; laborius or continued
search after truth; <as>as, <ex>researches</ex> of human
wisdom</as>.</def>

<q>The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked
on the results of the <qex>researches</qex> of antiquaries.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Investigation; examination; inquiry; scrutiny.</syn>

<hw>Re*search"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- +
search</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>recerchier</ets>, F.
<ets>rechercher</ets>.]</ety> <def>To search or examine with
continued care; to seek diligently.</def>

<hw>Re*search"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
researches.</def>

<hw>Re*search"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making
researches; inquisitive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Re*seat"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To seat or set again, as on a chair, throne,
etc.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put a new seat, or new seats, in; <as>as, to
<ex>reseat</ex> a theater; to <ex>reseat</ex> a chair or
trousers.</as></def>

<hw>Re*sect"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resected</er>;<pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Resecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>resectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>resecare</ets> to cut off;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>secare</ets> to cut.]</ety>
<def>To cut or pare off; to remove by cutting.</def>

<hw>Re*sec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?-s?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>resectio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82section</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
cutting or paring off.</def>

<au>Cotgrave.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The removal of the articular
extremity of a bone, or of the ends of the bones in a false
articulation.</def>

<hw>Re*se"da</hw> <pr>(r?-s?"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. , a
kind of plant.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus
of plants, the type of which is mignonette.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grayish green color, like that of the flowers
of mignonette.</def>

<hw>Re*seek"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?k")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
seek again.</def>

<au>J. Barlow.</au>

<hw>Re*seize"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?z")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-  + seize</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>ressaisir</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To seize again, or
a second time.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in possession again; to reinstate.</def>

<q>And then therein [in his kingdom] <qex>reseized</qex> was
again.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take possession of, as lands
and tenements which have been disseized.</def>

<q>The sheriff is commanded to <qex>reseize</qex> the land and
all the chattels thereon, and keep the same in his custody till
the arrival of the justices of assize.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<hw>Re*seiz"er</hw> <pr>(-s?z"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who seizes again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The taking of lands into
the hands of the king where a general livery, or <xex>oustre le
main</xex>, was formerly mis-sued, contrary to the form and order
of law.</def>

<hw>Re*sei"zure</hw> <pr>(r<?/-s<?/"zh<?/r; 135)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A second seizure; the act of seizing
again.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*sell"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
sell again; to sell what has been bought or sold; to
retail.</def>

<hw>Re*sem"bla*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-z?m"bl?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Resemble</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of being
compared; like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Gower.</au>

<hw>Re*sem"blance</hw> <pr>(-bl<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ressemblance</ets>. See
<er>Resemble</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state
of resembling; likeness; similitude; similarity.</def>

<q>One main end of poetry and painting is to please; they bear a
great <qex>resemblance</qex> to each other.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which resembles, or is similar; a
representation; a likeness.</def>

<q>These sensible things, which religion hath allowed, are
<qex>resemblances</qex> formed according to things spiritual.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A comparison; a simile.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Probability; verisimilitude.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Likeness; similarity; similitude; semblance;
representation; image.</syn>

<hw>Re*sem"blant</hw> <pr>(-bl<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F., a . and p. pr. fr. <ets>ressembler</ets> to resemble.
See <er>Resemble</er>.]</ety> <def>Having or exhibiting
resemblance; resembling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Gower.</au>

<hw>Re*sem"ble</hw> <pr>(r?-z?m"b'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resembled</er>
<pr>(-b'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Resembling</er>
<pr>(-bl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ressembler</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sembler</ets> to seem, resemble,
fr. L. <ets>similare</ets>, <ets>simulare</ets>, to imitate, fr.
<ets>similis</ets> like, similar. See <er>Similar</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To be like or similar to; to bear the similitude
of, either in appearance or qualities; <as>as, these brothers
<ex>resemble</ex> each other</as>.</def>

<q>We will <qex>resemble</qex> you in that.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To liken; to compare; to represent as
like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The other . . . 
He did <qex>resemble</qex> to his lady bright.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To counterfeit; to imitate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThey can so well <xex>resemble</xex>
man's speech.\'b8

<au>Holland.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to imitate or be like.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>H. Bushnell.</au>

<hw>Re*sem"bler</hw> <pr>(r?-z?m"bl?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who resembles.</def>

<hw>Re*sem"bling*ly</hw> <pr>(-bl?ng-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>So as to resemble; with resemblance or likeness.</def>

<hw>Re*sem"i*nate</hw> <pr>(-s?m"?-n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>seminatus</ets>, p. p.
of <ets>seminare</ets> to sow.]</ety> <def>To produce again by
means of seed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir. T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*send"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To send again; <as>as, to <ex>resend</ex> a
message</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send back; <as>as, to <ex>resend</ex> a
gift</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Telegraphy)</fld> <def>To send on from an
intermediate station by means of a repeater.</def>

<hw>Re*sent"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?nt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resented</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Resenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>ressentir</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>sentire</ets> to feel. See <er>Sense</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To be sensible of; to feel</def>; as:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>In a good sense, to take well; to receive with
satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Which makes the tragical ends of noble persons more favorably
<qex>resented</qex> by compassionate readers.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a bad sense, to take ill; to consider as an
injury or affront; to be indignant at</def>.

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express or exhibit displeasure or indignation
at, as by words or acts.</def>

<q>The good prince King James . . . bore dishonorably what he
might have <qex>resented</qex> safely.</q>
<qau>Bolingbroke.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by
smelling; -- associated in meaning with <xex>sent</xex>, the
older spelling of <xex>scent</xex> to smell. See <er>Resent</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>This bird of prey <qex>resented</qex> a worse than earthly
savor in the soul of Saul.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<q>Our King Henry the Seventh quickly <qex>resented</qex> his
drift.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Re*sent"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel
resentment.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The judicious prelate will prefer a drop of the sincere milk
of the word before vessels full of traditionary pottage
<qex>resenting</qex> of the wild gourd of human invention.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Re*sent"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
resents.</def>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<hw>Re*sent"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined
to resent; easily provoked to anger; irritable.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*sent"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*sent"i*ment</hw> <pr>(-?-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Resentment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*sent"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With
deep sense or strong perception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>With a sense of wrong or affront; with
resentment.</def>

<hw>Re*sent"ive</hw> <pr>(-?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Resentful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Thomson.</au>

<hw>Re*sent"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>ressentiment</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act
of resenting.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of holding something in the mind as a
subject of contemplation, or of being inclined to reflect upon
something; a state consciousness; conviction; feeling;
impression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>He retains vivid <qex>resentments</qex> of the more solid
morality.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>

<q>It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so
little <qex>resentment</qex> of their danger.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>In a good sense, satisfaction; gratitude.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The Council taking notice of the many good services performed
by Mr. John Milton, . . . have thought fit to declare their
<qex>resentment</qex> and good acceptance of the same.</q>
<qau>The Council Book (1651).</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>In a bad sense, strong displeasure; anger;
hostility provoked by a wrong or injury experienced.</def>

<q><qex>Resentment</qex> . . . is a deep, reflective displeasure
against the conduct of the offender.</q>
<qau>Cogan.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Anger; irritation; vexation; displeasure; grudge;
indignation; choler; gall; ire; wrath; rage; fury.</syn> <usage>
-- <er>Resentment</er>, <er>Anger</er>. <xex>Anger</xex> is the
broader term, denoting a keen sense of disapprobation (usually
with a desire to punish) for watever we feel to be wrong, whether
directed toward ourselves or others. <xex>Reseniment</xex> is
anger exicted by a sense of personal injury. It is,
etymologically, that reaction of the mind which we instinctively
feel when we think ourselves wronged. Pride and selfishness are
apt to aggravate this feeling until it changes into a criminal
animosity; and this is now the more common signification of the
term. Being founded in a sense of injury, this feeling is hard to
be removed; and hence the expressions <xex>bitter</xex> or
<xex>implacable resentment</xex>. See <er>Anger</er>.</usage>

<q>Anger is like
 A full-hot horse, who being allowed his way,
Self-mettle tires him.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Can heavently minds such high <qex>resentment</qex> show,
Or exercise their spite in human woe?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Res"er*ate</hw> <pr>(r?s"?r-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reseratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reserare</ets> to
unlock.]</ety> <def>To unlock; to open.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*serv"ance</hw> <pr>(r?-z?rv"<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Reservation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Res`er*va"tion</hw> <pr>(r?z`?r-v?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82servation</ets>, LL.
<ets>reservatio</ets>. See <er>Reserve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of reserving, or keeping back; concealment, or
withholding from disclosure; reserve.</def>

<au>A. Smith.</au>

<q>With <qex>reservation</qex> of an hundred knights.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Make some <qex>reservation</qex> of your wrongs.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something withheld, either not expressed or
disclosed, or not given up or brought forward.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tract of the public land reserved for some
special use, as for schools, for the use of Indians, etc.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The state of being reserved, or kept in
store.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A clause in an
instrument by which some new thing is reserved out of the thing
granted, and not <xex>in esse</xex> before.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A proviso.</def>

<au>Kent.</au>

<note><hand/ This term is often used in the same sense with
<xex>exception</xex>, the technical distinction being
disregarded.</note>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The portion of
the sacramental elements reserved for purposes of devotion and
for the communion of the absent and sick.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A term of canon law, which signifies that the pope reserves
to himself appointment to certain benefices.</def>

<cs><col>Mental reservation</col>, <cd>the withholding, or
failing to disclose, something that affects a statement, promise,
etc., and which, if disclosed, would materially change its
import.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 1225 -->

<hw>Re*serv"a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?-z?rv"?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Tending to reserve or keep; keeping; reserving.</def>

<hw>Re*serv"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>reservatorium</ets>,fr. L. <ets>resservare</ets>.
See <er>Reserve</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Reservior</er>.]</ety> <def>A place in which things are
reserved or kept.</def>

<au>Woodward.</au>

<hw>Re*serve"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?rv")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reserved</er>.
(z<?/rvd");<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reserving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82server</ets>,
L. <ets>reservare</ets>, <ets>reservatum</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>servare</ets> to keep. See
<er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep back; to retain;
not to deliver, make over, or disclose.</def> \'bdI have
<xex>reserved</xex> to myself nothing.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to keep in store for future or special
use; to withhold from present use for another purpose or time; to
keep; to retain.</def>

<au>Gen. xxvii. 35.</au>

<q>Hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, which I have
<qex>reserved</qex> against the time of trouble?</q>
<qau>Job xxxviii. 22,23.</qau>

<q><qex>Reserve</qex> your kind looks and language for private
hours.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make an exception of; to except.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*serve"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82serve</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
reserving, or keeping back; reservation.</def>

<q>However any one may concur in the general scheme, it is still
with certain <qex>reserves</qex> and deviations.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is reserved, or kept back, as for
future use.</def>

<q>The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, carried likewise
a <qex>reserve</qex> in some other vessel for a continual
supply.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is excepted; exception.</def>

<q>Each has some darling lust, which pleads for a
<qex>reserve</qex>.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Restraint of freedom in words or actions;
backwardness; caution in personal behavior.</def>

<q>My soul, surprised, and from her sex disjoined,
Left all <qex>reserve</qex>, and all the sex, behind.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<q>The clergyman's shy and sensitive <qex>reserve</qex> had
balked this scheme.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a
particular purpose; <as>as, the Connecticut <ex>Reserve</ex> in
Ohio, originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut;
the Clergy <ex>Reserves</ex> in Canada, for the support of the
clergy.</as></def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of troops in the rear
of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other
lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for
an exigency.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Banking)</fld> <def>Funds kept on hand to meet
liabilities.</def>

<cs><col>In reserve</col>, <cd>in keeping for other or future
use; in store; <as>as, he has large quantities of wheat <ex>in
reserve<ex>; he has evidence or arguments <ex>in
reserve<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Reserve air</col>.
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Supplemental air</cref>,
under <er>Supplemental</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Reservation; retention; limitation; backwardness;
reservedness; coldness; restraint; shyness; coyness;
modesty.</syn>

<hw>Re*served"</hw> <pr>(-z?rvd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Kept for future or special use, or for an exigency; <as>as,
<ex>reserved</ex> troops; a <ex>reserved</ex> seat in a
theater</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Restrained from freedom in words or actions;
backward, or cautious, in communicating one's thoughts and
feelings; not free or frank.</def>

<q>To all obliging, yet <qex>reserved</qex> to all.</q>
<qau>Walsh.</qau>

<q>Nothing <qex>reserved</qex> or sullen was to see.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*serv"ed*ly</wf>
<pr>(r<?/-z<?/rv"<?/d-l<?/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*serv"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Res`er*vee"</hw> <pr>(r?z`?r-v?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One to, or for, whom anything is reserved; -- contrasted
with <xex>reservor</xex>.</def>

<hw>Re*serv"er</hw> <pr>(r?-z?rv"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who reserves.</def>

<hw>Re*serv"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member of a reserve
force of soldiers or militia.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Res"er*vior`</hw> <pr>(r?z"?r-vw?r`;277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82servoir</ets>, fr. LL.
<ets>reservatorium</ets>. See <er>Reservatory</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A place where anything is kept in store;
especially, a place where water is collected and kept for use
when wanted, as to supply a fountain, a canal, or a city by means
of aqueducts, or to drive a mill wheel, or the like.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small intercellular space,
often containing <?/esin, essential oil, or some other secreted
matter.</def>

<cs><col>Receiving reservoir</col> <fld>(Water Works)</fld>,
<cd>a principal reservoir into which an aqueduct or rising main
delivers water, and from which a distributing reservoir draws its
supply.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*serv"or</hw> <pr>(r?-z?rv"?r <or/ r?z`?r-v?r)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reserves; a reserver.</def>

<hw>Re*set"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To set
again; <as>as, to <ex>reset</ex> type; to <ex>reset</ex> copy; to
<ex>reset</ex> a diamond</as>.</def>

<hw>Re"set</hw> <pr>(r?"s?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of resetting.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>That which is reset; matter
set up again.</def>

<hw>Re*set"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>recete</ets>, <ets>recepte</ets>, a receiving. Cf.
<er>Receipt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The
receiving of stolen goods, or harboring an outlaw.</def>

<au>Jamieson.</au>

<hw>Re*set"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To
harbor or secrete; to hide, as stolen goods or a criminal.</def>

<q>We shall see if an English hound is to harbor and
<qex>reset</qex> the Southrons here.</q>
<qau>Sir. W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Re*set"ter</hw> <pr>(-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Scots
Law)</fld> <def>One who receives or conceals, as stolen goods or
criminal.</def>

<hw>Re*set"ter</hw> <pr>(r?-S?t"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who resets, or sets again.</def>

<hw>Re*set"tle</hw> <pr>(r?-s?t"t'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To settle again.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Re*set"tle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To settle again, or a
second time.</def>

<hw>Re*set"tle*ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Act of settling again, or state of being settled again;
<as>as, the <ex>resettlement</ex> of lees</as>.</def>

<q>The <qex>resettlement</qex> of my discomposed soul.</q>
<qau>Norris.</qau>

<hw>Re*shape"</hw> <pr>(r?-sh?p")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
shape again.</def>

<hw>Re*ship"</hw> <pr>(r?-sh?p")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
ship again; to put on board of a vessel a second time; to send on
a second voyage; <as>as, to <ex>reship</ex> bonded
merchandise</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*ship"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To engage one's self
again for service on board of a vessel after having been
discharged.</def>

<hw>Re*ship"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of reshipping; also, that which is reshippped.</def>

<hw>Re*ship"per</hw> <pr>(-p?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reships.</def>

<hw>Res`i*ance</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>reseantia</ets>, <?/<?/ OF.
<ets>reseance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Residence; abode.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Res"i*ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[OF. <ets>reseant</ets>, <ets>resseant</ets>, L.
<ets>residens</ets>. See <er>Resident</er>.]</ety> <def>Resident;
present in a place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>In which her kingdom's throne is chiefly
<qex>resiant</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Res"i*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A resident.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. More.</au>

<hw>Re*side"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?d")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resided</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Residing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82sider</ets>, L. <ets>residere</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sedere</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.
]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dwell permanently or for a
considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to abide
continuosly; to have one's domicile of home; to remain for a long
time.</def>

<q>At the moated grange, <qex>resides</qex> this dejected
Mariana.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>In no fixed place the happy souls <qex>reside</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to
lie or be as in attribute or element.</def>

<q>In such like acts, the duty and virtue of contentedness doth
especially <qex>reside</qex>.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sink; to settle, as sediment.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To dwell; inhabit; sojourn; abide; remain; live;
domiciliate; domicile.</syn>

<hw>Res"i*dence</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-d<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sidence</ets>. See
<er>Resident</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or fact of
residing, abiding, or dwelling in a place for some continuance of
time; <as>as, the <ex>residence</ex> of an American in France or
Italy for a year</as>.</def>

<q>The confessor had often made considerable
<qex>residences</qex> in Normandy.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place where one resides; an abode; a
dwelling or habitation; esp., a settled or permanent home or
domicile.</def> \'bdNear the <xex>residence</xex> of
Posthumus.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Johnson took up his <qex>residence</qex> in London.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eng.Eccl.Law)</fld> <def>The residing of an
incumbent on his benefice; -- opposed to
<xex>nonresidence</xex>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The place where anything rests
permanently.</def>

<q>But when a king sets himself to bandy against the highest
court and <qex>residence</qex> of all his regal power, he then, .
. . fights against his own majesty and kingship.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Subsidence, as of a sediment.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which falls to the bottom of liquors;
sediment; also, refuse; residuum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Domiciliation; sojourn; stay; abode; home; dwelling;
habitation; domicile; mansion.</syn>

<hw>Res"e*den*cy</hw> <pr>(-d<it>e</it>n-s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Residence.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A political agency at a native court in British
India, held by an officer styled the Residentl: also, a Dutch
commercial colony or province in the East Indies.</def>

<hw>Res"i*dent</hw> <pr>(-d<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sident</ets>, L. <ets>residens</ets>,
<ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>residere</ets>. See
<er>Reside</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dwelling, or having an
abode, in a place for a continued length of time; residing on
one's own estate; -- opposed to <xex>nonresident</xex>; <as>as,
<ex>resident</ex> in the city or in the country</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fixed; stable; certain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdStable and <xex>resident</xex> like a
rock.\'b8

<au>Jer. TAylor.</au>

<q>One there still <qex>resident</qex> as day and night.</q>
<qau>Davenant.</qau>

<hw>Res"i*dent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
resides or dwells in a place for some time.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A diplomatic representative who resides at a
foreign court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank
inferrior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under
<er>Minister</er>,<er>4</er>.</def>

<hw>Res"i*dent*er</hw> <pr>(-$r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
resident.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<hw>Res`i*den""tial</hw> <pr>(-d?n"sh<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a residence or
residents; <as>as, <ex>residential</ex> trade</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Residing; residentiary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Res`i*den"tia*ry</hw> <pr>(-d?n"sh?-r?; 277)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>residentiaris</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Having residence; <as>as, a canon <ex>residentary</ex>; a
<ex>residentiary</ex> guardian.</as></def>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<hw>Res`i*den"tia*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
is resident.</def>

<q>The <qex>residentiary</qex>, or the frequent visitor of the
favored spot, . . . will discover that both have been there.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain
residence.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inhabitant; inhabiter; dweller; sojourner.</syn>

<hw>Res`i*den"tia*ry*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or
condition of a residentiary.</def>

<hw>Res"i*dent*ship</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-d<it>e</it>nt-sh?p)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or condition of a resident.</def>

<hw>Re*sid"er</hw> <pr>(r?-z?d"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who resides in a place.</def>

<hw>Re*sid"u*al</hw> <pr>(r?-z?d"?-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Residue</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining
to a residue; remaining after a part is taken.</def>

<cs><col>Residual air</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>that
portion of air contained in the lungs which can not be expelled
even by the most violent expiratory effort. It amounts to from 75
to 100 cubic inches. Cf. <cref>Supplemental air</cref>, under
<er>Supplemental</er>.</cd> -- <col>Residual error</col>.
<fld>(Mensuration)</fld> <cd>See <er>Error</er>, 6
<sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Residual figure</col>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the figure which remains after a less
figure has been taken from a greater one.</cd> -- <col>Residual
magnetism</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>remanent magnetism. See
under <er>Remanent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Residual product</col>,
<cd>a by product, as cotton waste from a cotton mill, coke and
coal tar from gas works, etc.</cd> -- <col>Residual
quantity</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a binomial quantity the two
parts of which are connected by the negative sign, as
<xex>a-b<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Residual root</col>
<fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>the root of a residual quantity, as
<mathex><root/(a-b)</mathex>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*sid"u*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The difference of the results obtained by
observation, and by computation from a formula.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The difference between the mean of several
observations and any one of them.</def>

<hw>Re*sid"u*a*ry</hw> <pr>(-?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Residue</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of residue; <as>as,
<ex>residuary</ex> matter</as>; pertaining to the residue, or
part remaining; <as>as, the <ex>residuary</ex> advantage of an
estate</as>.</def>

<au>Ayliffe.</au>

<cs><col>Residuary clause</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that part
of the testator's will in which the residue of his estate is
disposed of.</cd> -- <col>Residuary devise</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the person to whom the residue of real
estate is devised by a will.</cd> -- <col>Residuary legatee</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the person to whom the residue of personal
estate is bequeathed.</cd></cs>

<hw>Res"i*due</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82sidu</ets>, L. <ets>residuum</ets>, fr.
<ets>residuus</ets> that is left behind, remaining, fr.
<ets>residere</ets> to remain behind. See <er>Reside</er>, and
cf. <er>Residuum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which remains
after a part is taken, separated, removed, or designated;
remnant; remainder.</def>

<q>The <qex>residue</qex> of them will I deliver to the
sword.</q>
<qau>Jer. xv. 9.</qau>

<q>If church power had then prevailed over its victims, not a
<qex>residue</qex> of English liberty would have been saved.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That part of a testeator's
estate wwhich is not disposed of in his will by particular and
special legacies and devises, and which remains after payment of
debts and legacies.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which remains of a
molecule after the removal of a portion of its constituents;
hence, an atom or group regarded as a portion of a molecule; --
used as nearly equivalent to <xex>radical</xex>, but in a more
general sense.</def><-- also moiety -->

<note><hand/ The term <xex>radical</xex> is sometimes restricted
to groups containing carbon, the term <xex>residue</xex> being
applied to the others.</note>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Theory of Numbers)</fld> <def>Any positive or
negative number that differs from a given number by a multiple of
a given modulus; <as>thus, if 7 is the modulus, and 9 the given
number, the numbers  -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are
<ex>residues</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Rest; remainder; remnant; balance; residuum;
remains; leavings; relics.</syn>

<hw>Re*sid"u*ous</hw> <pr>(r?-z?d"?-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>residuus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Remaining;
residual.</def>

<au>Landor.</au>

<hw>Re*sid"u*um</hw> <pr>(-?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Residue</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is left after any
process of separation or purification; that which remains after
certain specified deductions are made; residue.</def>

<q>\'bdI think so,\'b8 is the whole <qex>residuum</qex> . . .
after evaporating the prodigious pretensions of the zealot
demagogue.</q>
<qau>L. Taylor.</qau>

<hw>Re*siege"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?j")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>siege</ets> a seat.]</ety>
<def>To seat again; to reinstate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re-sign"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + sign</ets>.]</ety> <def>To affix one's
signature to, a second time; to sign again.</def>

<hw>Re*sign"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resigned</er>
<pr>(-z?nd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Resigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82signer</ets>,
L. <ets>resignare</ets> to unseal, annul, assign, resign; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>signare</ets> to seal, stamp. See
<er>Sign</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Resignation</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To sign back; to return by a formal act; to
yield to another; to surrender; -- said especially of office or
emolument. Hence, to give up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the
wishes or will, or of something valued; -- also often used
reflexively.</def>

<q>I here <qex>resign</qex> my government to thee.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Lament not, Eve, but patiently <qex>resign</qex>
What justly thou hast lost.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>What more reasonable, than that we should in all things
<qex>resign</qex> up ourselves to the will of God?</q>
<qau>Tiilotson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To relinquish; to abandon.</def>

<q>He soon <qex>resigned</qex> his former suit.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To commit to the care of; to consign.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Gentlement of quality have been sent beyong the seas,
<qex>resigned</qex> and concredited to the conduct of such as
they call governors.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To abdicate; surrender; submit; leave; relinquish;
forego; quit; forsake; abandon; renounce.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Resign</er>, <er>Relinquish</er>. To <xex>resign</xex> is to
give up, as if breaking a seal and yielding all it had secured;
hence, it marks a formal and deliberate surrender. To
<xex>relinquish</xex> is less formal, but always implies
abandonment and that the thing given up has been long an object
of pursuit, and, usually, that it has been prized and desired. We
<xex>resign</xex> what we once held or considered as our own, as
an office, employment, etc. We speak of <xex>relinquishing</xex>
a claim, of <xex>relinquishing</xex> some advantage we had sought
or enjoyed, of <xex>relinquishing</xex> seme right, privilege,
etc. \'bdMen are weary with the toil which they bear, but can not
find it in their hearts to <xex>relinquish</xex> it.\'b8
<xex>Steele</xex>. See <er>Abdicate</er>.</usage>

<hw>Re sign"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Resignation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Beau & Fl.</au>

<hw>Res`ig*na"tion</hw> <pr>(r?z`?g-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82signation</ets>. See <er>Resign</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim,
possession, office, or the like; surrender; <as>as, the
<ex>resignation</ex> of a crown or comission</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet
or patient submission; unresisting acquiescence; <as>as,
<ex>resignation</ex> to the will and providence of
God</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Patience; surrender; relinquisment; forsaking;
abandonment; abdication; renunciation; submission; acquiescence;
endurance. See <er>Patience</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*signed"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?nd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or
murmur.</def>

<q>A firm, yet cautious mind;
Sincere, thought prudent; constant, yet <qex>resigned</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<hw>Re*sign"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(r?-z?n"?d-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>With submission.</def>

<hw>Res`ign*ee"</hw> <pr>(r?z`?-n?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
to whom anything is resigned, or in whose favor a resignation is
made.</def>

<hw>Re*sign"er</hw> <pr>(r?-z?n"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who resigns.</def>

<hw>Re*sign"ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of resigning.</def>

<hw>Re*sile"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?l")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resiled</er>
<pr>(-z?ld")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Resiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>resilire</ets> to
leap or spring back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>salire</ets>
to leap, spring. See <er>Salient</er>.]</ety> <def>To start back;
to recoil; to recede from a purpose.</def>

<au>J. Ellis.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*sil"i*ence</hw> <pr>(r?-z?l"?-<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*sil"i*en*cy</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>n-s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of resiling, springing
back, or rebounding; <as>as, the <ex>resilience</ex> of a ball or
of sound</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech. & Engyn.)</fld> <def>The mechanical work
required to strain an elastic body, as a deflected beam,
stretched spring, etc., to the elastic limit; also, the work
performed by the body in recovering from such strain.</def>

<hw>Re*sil"i*ent</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>resiliens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Leaping back;
rebounding; recoling.</def>

<hw>Res`i*li"tion</hw> <pr>(r?z`?-l?sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Resilience.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Res"in</hw> <pr>(r?z"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82sine</ets>, L. <ets>resina</ets>; cf. Gr.
<grk>"rhti`nh</grk> Cf. <er>Rosin</er>.]</ety> <def>Any one of a
class of yellowish brown solid inflammable substances, of
vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of electricity, have a
vitreous fracture, and are soluble in ether, alcohol, and
essential oils, but not in water; specif., pine resin (see
<er>Rosin</er>).</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>Resins</xex> exude from trees in combination
with essential oils, gums, etc., and in a liquid or semiliquid
state. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are
supposed to be formed by the oxidation of the essential oils.
Copal, mastic, quaiacum, and colophony or pine resin, are some of
them. When mixed with gum, they form the gum resins, like
asafetida and gamboge; mixed with essential oils, they frorm
balsams, or oleoresins.</note>

<cs><col>Highgate resin</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil
resin resembling copal, occuring in blue clay at Highgate, near
London.</cd> -- <col>Resin bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
low composite shrub (<spn>Euryops speciosissimus</spn>) of South
Africa, having smooth pinnately parted leaves and abounding in
resin.</cd></cs>

<hw>Res`in*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the quality of resin; resinous.</def>

<hw>Res"in*ate</hw> <pr>(r?z"?n-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of the salts the resinic
acids.</def>

<-- p. 1226 -->

<hw>Re*sin"ic</hw> <pr>(r?-z?n"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, resin;
<as>as, the <ex>resinic</ex> acids</as>.</def>

<hw>Res`in*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(r?z`?n-?f"?r-?s)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Resin</ets> +  <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf.
F. <ets>r\'82sinif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding resin;
<as>as, a <ex>resiniferous</ex> tree or vessel</as>.</def>

<hw>Res"in*i*form</hw> <pr>(r?z"?n-?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Resin</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82siniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of
resin.</def>

<hw>Res`in*o-e*lec"tric</hw> <pr>(-?-?-l?k"tr?k)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Containing or exhibiting
resinous electricity.</def>

<hw>Res"in*oid</hw> <pr>(r?z"?n-oid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Somewhat like resin.</def>

<hw>Res"in*ous</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resinous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82sineux</ets>. See
<er>Resin</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to resin; of the
nature of resin; resembling or obtained from resin.</def>

<cs><col>Resinous electricity</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>,
<cd>electricity which is exited by rubbing bodies of the resinous
kind. See <cref>Negative electricity</cref>, under
<er>Negative</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Res"in*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By means, or in the
manner, of resin.</def>

<hw>Res"in*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
resinous.</def>

<hw>Res"in*y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like resin;
resinous.</def>

<hw>Res`i*pis"cence</hw> <pr>(r?s`?-p?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>resipiscentia</ets>, from
<ets>resipiscere</ets> to recover one's senses: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82sipiscence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wisdom derived from
severe experience; hence, repentance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>

<hw>Re*sist"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?stt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resisted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Resisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82sister</ets>, L.  <ets>resistere</ets>, pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sistere</ets> to stand, cause to stand,
v. causative of <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See
<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stand against; to
withstand; to obstruct.</def>

<q>That mortal dint,
Save He who reigns above, none can <qex>resist</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strive against; to endeavor to counteract,
defeat, or frustrate; to act in opposition to; to oppose.</def>

<q>God <qex>resisteth</qex> the proud.</q>
<qau>James iv. 6.</qau>

<q>Contrary to his high will
Whom we <qex>resist</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To counteract, as a force, by inertia or
reaction.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be distasteful to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To withstand; oppose; hinder; obstruct; counteract;
check; thwart; baffle; disappoint.</syn>

<hw>Re*sist"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make
opposition.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*sist"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Calico Printing)</fld>
<def>A substance used to prevent a color or mordant from fixing
on those parts to which it has been applied, either by acting
machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the
cloth, or chemically in changing the color so as to render it
incapable of fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes prepared
for this purpose are called <xex>resist pastes</xex>.</def>

<au>F. C. Calvert.</au>

<hw>Re*sist"ance</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sistance</ets>, LL. <ets>resistentia</ets>,
fr. <ets>resistens</ets>, - <ets>entis</ets>, p. pr. See
<er>Resist</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of resisting;
opposition, passive or active.</def>

<q>When King Demetrius saw that . . . no <qex>resistance</qex>
was made against him, he sent away all his forces.</q>
<qau>1. Macc. xi. 38.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The quality of not yielding
to force or external pressure; that power of a body which acts in
opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which
prevents the effect of another power; <as>as, the
<ex>resistance</ex> of the air to a body passing through it; the
<ex>resistance</ex> of a target to projectiles.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A means or method of resisting; that which
resists.</def>

<q>Unfold to us some warlike <qex>resistance</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A certain hindrance or
opposition to the passage of an electrical current or discharge
offered by conducting bodies. It bears an inverse relation to the
conductivity, -- good conductors having a small resistance, while
poor conductors or insulators have a very high resistance. The
unit of resistance is the ohm.</def>

<cs><col>Resistance box</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a rheostat
consisting of a box or case containing a number of resistance
coils of standard values so arranged that they can be combined in
various ways to afford more or less resistance.</cd> --
<col>Resistance coil</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a coil of wire
introduced into an electric circuit to increase the
resistance.</cd> -- <col>Solid of least resistance</col>
<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a solid of such a form as to experience,
in moving in a fluid, less resistance than any other solid having
the same base, height, and volume.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*sist"ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sistant</ets>: cf. L. <ets>resistens</ets>.
See <er>Resist</er>.]</ety> <def>Making resistance;
resisting.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that
which, resists.</def></def2>

<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>

<hw>Re*sist"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
resists.</def>

<hw>Re*sist"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making
much resistance.</def>

<hw>Re*sist`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,
<pos>n..</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being resistible;
resistibleness.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of being resistant;
resitstance.</def>

<q>The name \'bdbody\'b8 being the complex idea of extension and
<qex>resistibility</qex> together in the same subject.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<hw>Re*sist"i*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-z?st"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82sistible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of
being resisted; <as>as, a <ex>resistible</ex> force</as>.</def>
<au>Sir M. Hale</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*sist"i*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Re*sist"i*bly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*sist"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making resistance;
opposing; <as>as, a <ex>resisting</ex> medium</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*sist"ing ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*sist"ive</hw> <pr>(-?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving
to resist.</def>

<au>B. Jonsosn.</au>

<hw>Re*sist"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no
power to resist; making no opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Incapable of being resisted; irresistible.</def>

<q>Masters' commands come with a power <qex>resistless</qex>
To such as owe them absolute subjection.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*sist"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*sist"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Res"o*lu*ble</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-l?-b'l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos><ety>[L. <ets>resolubolis</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82soluble</ets>. See <er>Resolve</er>, and cf.
<er>Resolvable</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of being resolved;
resolvable; <as>as, bodies <ex>resoluble</ex> by fire</as>.</def>
<au>Boyle</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Res"o*lu*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Res"o*lute</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F.  <ets>r\'82solu</ets>. The L. <ets>resolutus</ets> (p. p. of
<ets>resolvere</ets>) means, relaxed, enervated, effeminate. See
<er>Resolve</er>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a
determination; hence, bold; firm; steady.</def>

<q>Edward is at hand,
Ready to fight; therefore be <qex>resolute</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Convinced; satisfied; sure.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Resolving, or explaining; <as>as, the
<ex>Resolute</ex> Doctor Durand</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Determined; decided; fixed; steadfast; steady;
constant; persevering; firm; bold; unshaken.</syn>

<hw>Res"o*lute</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who <?/<?/ resolute; hence, a
desperado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Redelivery; repayment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdYearly <xex>resolutes</xex>, deductions, and payments.\'b8

<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>

<hw>Res"o*lute*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a resolute
manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; firmly; steadily; with
perseverance.</def>

<q>Some.. facts he examines, some he <qex>resolutely</qex>
denies.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<hw>Res"o*lute*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
resolute.</def>

<hw>Res`o*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>r\'82solution</ets>. L.  <ets>resolutio</ets> a
loosening, solution. See <er>Resolve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act, operation, or process of resolving. Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> The act of separating a compound into its elements
or component parts. <sd>(b)</sd> The act of analyzing a complex
notion, or solving a vexed question or difficult problem.</def>

<q>The unraveling and <qex>resolution</qex> of the difficulties
that are met with in the execution of the design are the end of
an action.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being relaxed; relaxation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being resolved, settled, or
determined; firmness; steadiness; constancy; determination.</def>

<q>Be it with <qex>resolution</qex> then to fight.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is resolved or determined; a settled
purpose; determination.  Specifically: A formal expression of the
opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted
by vote; <as>as, a legislative <ex>resolution</ex>; the
<ex>resolutions</ex> of a public meeting.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>The state of being resolved or firm in opinion
or thought; conviction; assurance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Little <qex>resolution</qex> and certainty there is as
touching the islands of Mauritania.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The act or process of
solving; solution; <as>as, the <ex>resolution</ex> of an equation
or problem</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A breaking up, disappearance;
or termination, as of a fever, a tumor, or the like.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The passing of a dissonant
into a consonant chord by the rising or falling of the note which
makes the discord.</def>

<cs><col>Joint resolution</col>. <cd>See under <er>Joint</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <mcol><col>Resolution of a force</col> <or/
<col>motion</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the separation
of a single force or motion into two or more which have different
directions, and, taken together, are an equivalent for the single
one; -- the opposite of <ant>composition of a force</ant>.</cd>
-- <col>Resolution of a nebula</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>,
<cd>the exhibition of it to the eye by a telescope of such power
as to show it to be composed of small stars.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Decision; analysis; separation; disentanglement;
dissolution; resolvedness; resoluteness; firmness; constancy;
perseverance; steadfastness; fortitude; boldness; purpose;
resolve. See <er>Decision</er>.</syn>

<hw>Res`o*lu"tion*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who makes a resolution; one who joins with others in a
declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a party in the
Scottish Church in the 17th century.</def>

<q>He was sequestrated afterwards as a
<qex>Resolutioner</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Res`o*lu"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes a
resolution.</def>

<hw>Res"o*lu`tive</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-lu`t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r\'82solutif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to
dissolve or relax.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<hw>Res"o*lu*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-l?-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Resolutive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*solv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?-z?lv`?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being resolvable;
resolvableness.</def>

<hw>Re*solv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?-z?lv"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Resolve</er>, and cf. <er>Resoluble</er>.]</ety>
<def>Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into
constituent parts, or reduction to first principles; admitting
solution or explanation; <as>as, <ex>resolvable</ex> compounds;
<ex>resolvable</ex> ideas or difficulties</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*solv"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of
being resolvable; resolvability.</def>

<hw>Re*solve"</hw> <pr>(r?*z?lv")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resolved</er>
<pr>(-z?lvd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Resolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>resolvere</ets>,
<ets>resolutum</ets>, to untie, loosen, relax, enfeeble; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>solvere</ets> to loosen, dissolve: cf.
F. <ets>r\'82soudare</ets> to resolve. See <er>Solve</er>, and
cf. <er>Resolve</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, <er>Resolute</er>,
<er>Resolution</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate the
component parts of; to reduce to the constituent elements; --
said of compound substances; hence, sometimes, to melt, or
dissolve.</def>

<q>O, that this too too solid flesh would melt,
Thaw, and <qex>resolve</qex> itself into a dew!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Ye immortal souls, who once were men,
And now <qex>resolved</qex> to elements again.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; --
said of complex ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or
certain; to free from doubt; to disentangle; to unravel; to
explain; hence, to clear up, or dispel, as doubt; <as>as, to
<ex>resolve</ex> a riddle</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Resolve</xex> my
doubt.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>To the <qex>resolving</qex> whereof we must first know that
the Jews were commanded to divorce an unbelieving Gentile.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint;
to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.</def>

<q>Sir, be <qex>resolved</qex>. I must and will come.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>

<q><qex>Resolve</qex> me, Reason, which of these is worse,
Want with a full, or with an empty purse?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>In health, good air, pleasure, riches, I am
<qex>resolved</qex> it can not be equaled by any region.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>

<q>We must be <qex>resolved</qex> how the law can be pure and
perspicuous, and yet throw a polluted skirt over these Eleusinian
mysteries.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready
in mind; to fix; to settle; <as>as, he was <ex>resolved</ex> by
an unexpected event</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To express, as an opinion or determination, by
resolution and vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; --
followed by a clause; <as>as, the house resolved (or, it was
resolved by the house) that no money should be apropriated (or,
to appropriate no money)</as>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To change or convert by resolution or formal
vote; -- used only reflexively; <as>as, the house
<ex>resolved</ex> itself into a committee of the
whole</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To solve, as a problem, by
enumerating the several things to be done, in order to obtain
what is required; to find the answer to, or the result of.</def>

<au>Hutton.</au>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To dispere or scatter; to
discuss, as an inflammation or a tumor.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To let the tones (as of a
discord) follow their several tendencies, resulting in a
concord.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>To relax; to lay at ease.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<cs><col>To resolve a nebula</col>.<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Resolution of a nebula</cref>, under
<er>Resolution</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To solve; analyze; unravel; disentangle.</syn>

<hw>Re*solve"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?lv")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<ety>[The sense \'bdto be convinced, to determine\'b8 comes from
the idea of loosening, breaking up into parts, analyzing, hence,
determining.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To be separated into its component parts or
distinct principles; to undergo resolution.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.</def>

<q>When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates,
then <qex>resolves</qex>, and turns alkaline.</q>
<qau>Arbuthhnot.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be settled in opinion; to be convinced.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Let men <qex>resolve</qex> of that as they plaease.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To form a purpose; to make a decision;
especially, to determine after reflection; <as>as, to
<ex>resolve</ex> on a better course of life</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To determine; decide; conclude; purpose.</syn>

<hw>Re*solve"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
resolving or making clear; resolution; solution.</def> \'bdTo
give a full <xex>resolve</xex> of that which is so much
controverted.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which has been resolved on or determined;
decisive conclusion; fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or
official determination; a legislative declaration; a
resolution.</def>

<q>Nor is your firm <qex>resolve</qex> unknown.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>C\'91sar's approach has summoned us together,
And Rome attends her fate from our <qex>resolves</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<hw>Re*solved"</hw> <pr>(r?-z?lvd")</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>
<def>Having a fixed purpose; determined; resolute; -- usually
placed after its noun; <as>as, a man <ex>resolved</ex> to be
rich</as>.</def>

<q>That makes him a <qex>resolved</qex> enemy.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<q>I am <qex>resolved</qex> she shall not settle here.</q>
<qau>Fielding.</qau>

<hw>Re*solv"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(r?z?lv"?d-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>So as to resolve or clear up difficulties;
clearly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Of that, and all the progress, more or less,
<qex>Resolvedly</qex> more leisure shall express.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resolutely; decidedly; firmly.</def>

<au>Grew.</au>

<hw>Re*solv"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fixedness of
purpose; firmness; resolution.</def>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<hw>Re*solv"ent</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having power to resolve; causing solution; solvent.</def>

<hw>Re*solv"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resolvens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>resolvere</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82solvant</ets>. See <er>Resolve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That which has the power of resolving, or causing solution;
a solvent.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which has power to
disperse inflammatory or other tumors; a discutient; anything
which aids the absorption of effused products.</def>

<au>Coxe.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An equation upon whose
solution the solution of a given pproblem depends.</def>

<hw>Re*solv"er</hw> <pr>(r?-z?lv"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which decomposes, or dissolves.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which clears up and removes difficulties,
and makes the mind certain or determined.</def>

<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who resolves, or formal a firm
purpose.</def>

<hw>Res"o*nance</hw> <pr>(r?z"?-n<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82sonance</ets>, L.
<ets>resonantia</ets> an echo.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
resounding; the quality or state of being resonant.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Acoustics)</fld> <def>A prolongation or
increase of any sound, eithar by reflection, as in a cavern or
apartment the walls of which are not distant enough to return a
distinct echo, or by the production of vibrations in other
bodies, as a sounding-board, or the bodies of musical
instruments.</def>

<cs><col>Pulmonary resonance</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the
sound heard on percussing over the lungs.</cd> -- <col>Vocal
resonance</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the sound transmitted to
the ear when auscultation is made while the patient is
speaking.</cd></cs>

<hw>Res"o*nan*cy</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>n-s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Resonance.</def>

<hw>Res"o*nant</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>resonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>resonare</ets> to
resound: cf. F. <ets>r\'82sonnant</ets>. See
<er>Resound</er>.]</ety> <def>Returning, or capable of returning,
sound; fitted to resound; resounding; echoing back.</def>

<q>Through every hour of the golden morning, the streets were
<qex>resonant</qex> with female parties of young and old.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<hw>Res"o*nant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reasonant
manner.</def>

<hw>Res"o*na`tor</hw> <pr>(-n?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Acoustics)</fld> <def>Anything which resounds;
specifically, a vessel in the form of a cylinder open at one end,
or a hollow ball of brass with two apertures, so contrived as to
greatly intensify a musical tone by its resonance. It is used for
the study and analysis of complex sounds.</def>

<hw>Re*sorb"</hw> <pr>(r?-s?rb")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reorbere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>sorbere</ets> to suck or drink in.]</ety> <def>To swallow
up.</def>

<q>Now lifted by the tide, and now <qex>resorbed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>

<hw>Re*sorb"ent</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>resorbens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>resorbere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Swallowing up.</def>

<au>Wodhull.</au>

<hw>Res*or"cin</hw> <pr>(r?z-?r"s?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Res</ets>in + <ets>orcin</ets>. So called because in
its higher homologue it resembles <ets>orcin</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance of the
phenol series, obtained by melting certain resins, as galbanum,
asafetida, etc., with caustic potash. It is also produced
artificially and used in making certain dyestuffs, as
phthale\'8bn, fluoresce\'8bn, and eosin.</def>

<hw>Res`or*cyl"ic</hw> <pr>(r?z`?r-s?l"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, or pertaining to, or producing,
resorcin; <as>as, <ex>resorcylic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*sorp"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*s?rp"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of resorbing; also, the act of absorbing again;
reabsorption.</def>

<hw>Re*sort"</hw> <pr>(r?*z?rt")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ressort</ets>.]</ety> <def>Active power or movement;
spring.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Some . . . know the <qex>resorts</qex> and falls of business
that can not sink into the main of it.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<hw>Re*sort"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Resorted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Resorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>resortir</ets> to
withdraw, take refuge, F. <ets>ressortir</ets> to be in the
jurisdiction, LL. <ets>resortire</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re-
+ L. <ets>sortiri</ets> to draw lots, obtain by lot, from
<ets>sors</ets> lot. See <er>Sort</er>.  The meaning is first to
reobtain (by lot), then to gain by appeal to a higher court (as a
law term), to appeal, go for protection or refuge.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To go; to repair; to betake one's self.</def>

<q>What men name <qex>resort</qex> to him?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall back; to revert.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The inheritance of the son never <qex>resorted</qex> to the
mother, or to any of her ancestors.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<-- p. 1227 -->

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have recourse; to apply; to one's self for
help, relief, or advantage.</def>

<q>The king thought it time to <qex>resort</qex> to other
counsels.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<hw>Re*sort"</hw> <pr>(r?*z?rt")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>ressort</ets> jurisdiction. See <er>Resort</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of going to, or
making application; a betaking one's self; the act of visiting or
seeking; recourse; <as>as, a place of popular
<ex>resort</ex></as>; -- often figuratively; <as>as, to have
<ex>resort</ex> to force</as>.</def>

<q>Join with me to forbid him her <qex>resort</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place to which one betakes himself habitually;
a place of frequent assembly; a haunt.</def>

<q>Far from all <qex>resort</qex> of mirth.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That to which one resorts or looks for help;
resource; refuge.</def>

<cs><col>Last resort</col>, <cd>ultimate means of relief; also,
final tribunal; that from which there is no appeal.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*sort"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
resorts; a frequenter.</def>

<hw>Re*soun"</hw> <pr>(r?*z??n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reason.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*soun"</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To resound.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re-sound"</hw> <pr>(r?*sound")</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re-  + sound</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sound again
or anew.</def>

<hw>Re*sound"</hw> <pr>(r?*zound")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resounded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Resounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>resounen</ets>, OF. <ets>resoner</ets>, F.
<ets>r\'82sonner</ets>, from L. <ets>resonare</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sonare</ets> to sound, <ets>sonus</ets>
sound. See <er>Sound</er> to make a noise.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To sound loudly; <as>as, his voice <ex>resounded</ex>
far</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be filled with sound; to ring; <as>as, the
woods <ex>resound</ex> with song</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound.</def>
\'bdCommon fame . . . <xex>resounds</xex> back to them again.\'b8

<au>South.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be mentioned much and loudly.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To echo or reverberate; to be resonant; <as>as,
the earth <ex>resounded</ex> with his praise</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*sound"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw
back, or return, the sound of; to echo; to reverberate.</def>

<q>Albion's cliffs <qex>resound</qex> the rur<?/<?/ay.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To praise or celebrate with the voice, or the
sound of instruments; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame
of.</def>

<q>The man for wisdom's various arts renowned,
Long exercised in woes, O muse, <qex>resound</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To echo; re\'89cho; reverberate; sound.</syn>

<hw>Re*sound"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Return of sound;
echo.</def>

<au>Beaumont.</au>

<hw>Re*source"</hw> <pr>(r?*s?rs")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ressource</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>ressourdre</ets>,
<ets>resourdre</ets>, to spring forth or up again; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sourdre</ets> to spring forth. See
<er>Source</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That to which one
resorts orr on which one depends for supply or support; means of
overcoming a difficulty; resort; expedient.</def>

<q>Threat'nings mixed with prayers, his last
<qex>resource</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Pecuniary means; funds; money,
or any property that can be converted into supplies; available
means or capabilities of any kind.</def>

<q>Scotland by no means escaped the fate ordained for every
country which is connected, but not incorporated, with another
country of greater <qex>resources</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Expedient; resort; means; contrivance.</syn>

<hw>Re*source"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full
of resources.</def>

<hw>Re*source"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
resources.</def>

<au>Burke.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*source"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<pos>R.</pos> <pos>Browning.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*sow"</hw> <pr>(r?*s?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sow
again.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*sown"</hw> <pr>(r?*zoun")</pr>, <pos>v.</pos> <def>To
resound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*speak"</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?k")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To speak or utter again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To answer; to echo.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Poetic]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*spect"</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Respected</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Respecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>respectare</ets>, v. intens. from <ets>respicere</ets>,
<ets>respectum</ets>, to look back, respect; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>specere</ets>, <ets>spicere</ets>, to look, to view:
cf. F. <ets>respecter</ets>. See <er>Spy</er>, and cf.
<er>Respite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take notice of; to
regard with special attention; to regard as worthy of special
consideration; hence, to care for; to heed.</def>

<q>Thou <qex>respectest</qex> not spilling Edward's blood.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>In orchards and gardens, we do not so much <qex>respect</qex>
beauty as variety of ground for fruits, trees, and herbs.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To consider worthy of esteem; to regard with
honor.</def> \'bdI do <xex>respect</xex> thee as my soul.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To look toward; to front upon or toward.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so
<qex>respect</qex> the <?/<?/uth.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To regard; to consider; to deem.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>To whom my father gave this name of Gaspar,
And as his own <qex>respected</qex> him to death.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To have regard to; to have reference to; to
relateto; <as>as, the treaty particularly <ex>respects</ex> our
commerce</as>.</def>

<cs><col>As respects</col>, <cd>as regards; with regard to; as
to.</cd> <au>Macaulay.</au> -- <mcol><col>To respect the
person</col> <or/ <col>persons</col></mcol>, <cd>to favor a
person, or persons on corrupt grounds; to show partiality.</cd>
\'bdYe shall not <xex>respect persons</xex> in judgment.\'b8
<au>Deut. i. 17.</au></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To regard; esteem; honor; revere; venerate.</syn>

<hw>Re*spect"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>respectus</ets>:
cf. F. <ets>respect</ets>. See <er>Respect</er>, <pos>v.</pos>,
and cf. <er>Respite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
noticing with attention; the giving particular consideration to;
hence, care; caution.</def>

<q>But he it well did ward with wise <qex>respect</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Esteem; regard; consideration; honor.</def>

<q>Seen without awe, and served without <qex>respect</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<q>The same men treat the Lord's Day with as little
<qex>respect</qex>.</q>
<qau>R. Nelson.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An expression of respect of
deference; regards; <as>as, to send one's <ex>respects</ex> to
another</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Reputation; repute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Many of the best <qex>respect</qex> in Rome.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Relation; reference; regard.</def>

<q>They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with
<qex>respect</qex> to the various benefits men received from him,
had several titles.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Particular; point regarded; point of view;
<as>as, in this <ex>respect</ex>; in any <ex>respect</ex>; in all
<ex>respects</ex>.</as></def>

<q>Everything which is imperfect, as the world must be
acknowledged in many <qex>respects</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<q>In one <qex>respect</qex> I'll be thy assistant.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Consideration; motive; interest.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWhatever secret <xex>respects</xex> were
likely to move them.\'b8

<au>Hooker.</au>

<q>To the publik good
Private <qex>respects</qex> must yield.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<cs><col>In respect</col>, <cd>in comparison.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>In respect of</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In comparison with.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>As to; in regard to.</cd>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdMonsters <xex>in respect of</xex>
their bodies.\'b8 <au>Bp. Wilkins</au>. \'bd<xex>In respect
of</xex> these matters.\'b8 <au>Jowett. (Thucyd. )</au> --
<col>In</col>, <or/ <col>With</col>, <col>respect
to</col></mcol>, <cd>in relation to; with regard to; as respects.
<au>Tillotson</au>.</cd> -- <col>To have respect of
persons</col>, <cd>to regard persons with partiality or undue
bias, especially on account of friendship, power, wealth, etc.
\'bdIt is not good <xex>to have respect of persons<xex> in
judgment.\'b8 <au>Prov. xxiv. 23</au>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Deference; attention; regard; consideration;
estimation. See <er>Deference</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*spect`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?kt`?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of being respectable; the
state or quality which deserves or commands respect.</def>

<hw>Re*spect"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-<?/-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>respectable</ets>, LL.
<ets>respectabilis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Worthy of
respect; fitted to awaken esteem; deserving regard; hence, of
good repute; not mean; <as>as, a <ex>respectable</ex>
citizen</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>respectable</xex> quarter of
Sicca.\'b8

<au>J. H. Newman.</au>

<q>No government, any more than an individual, will long be
respected, without being truly <qex>respectable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Madison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moderate in degree of excellence or in number;
<as>as, a <ex>respectable</ex> performance; a
<ex>respectable</ex> audience</as>.</def>

--<wordforms><wf>Re*spect"a*ble*ness</wf>,<pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Re*spect"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*spect"ant</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>respecter</ets>. See
<er>Respect</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Placed so as to
face one another; -- said of animals.</def>

<hw>Re*spect"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
respects.</def>

<cs><col>A respecter of persons</col>, <cd>one who regards or
judges with partiality.</cd></cs>

<q>Of a truth I perceive that God is no <qex>respecter of
persons</qex>.</q>
<qau>Acts x. 34.</qau>

<hw>Re*spect"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked
or characterized by respect; <as>as, <ex>respectful</ex>
deportment</as>.</def>

<q>With humble joi and with <qex>respectful</qex> fear.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*spect"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*spect"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*spect"ing</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>With regard or
relation to; regarding; concerning; <as>as, <ex>respecting</ex>
his conduct there is but one opinion</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*spec"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf.LL. <ets>respectio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
respecting; respect; regard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Without difference or <qex>respection</qex> of persons.</q>
<qau>Tyndale.</qau>

<hw>Re*spec"tive</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?k"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>respectif</ets>, LL. <ets>respectivus</ets>.
See <er>Respect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Noticing with
attention; hence, careful; wary; considerate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>If you look upon the church of England with a
<qex>respective</qex> eye, you can not . . . refuse this
charge.</q>
<qau>A<?/p. Sandys.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Looking towardl having reference to; relative,
not absolute; <as>as, the <ex>respective</ex> connections of
society</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relating to particular persons or things, each
to each; particular; own; <as>as, they returned to their
<ex>respective</ex> places of abode</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fitted to awaken respect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Rendering respect; respectful; regardful.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>With <qex>respective</qex> shame, rose, took us by the
hands.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<q>With thy equals familiar, yet <qex>respective</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lord Burleigh.</qau>

<hw>Re*spec"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>As
relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each; as each
refers to each in order; <as>as, let each man
<ex>respectively</ex> perform his duty</as>.</def>

<q>The impressions from the objects or the senses do mingle
<qex>respectively</qex> every one with its kind.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relatively; not absolutely.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Partially; with respect to private views.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>With respect; regardfully</def>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*spect"less</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?kt"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having no respect; without regard; regardless.</def>

<q>Rather than again
Endure, <qex>respectless</qex>, their so moving c<?/ies.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*spect"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<au>Shelton.</au>

<hw>Re*spec"tu*ous</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?k"t?*?s;135)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Respectful; <as>as, a
<ex>respectuous</ex> silence</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Respectable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Knolles.</au>

<hw>Re*spell"</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
spell again.</def>

<hw>Re*sperse"</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?rs")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>respersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>respergere</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>spargere</ets> to srew,
sprinkle.]</ety> <def>To sprinkle; to scatter.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

<hw>Re*sper"sion</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?r"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>respersio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sprinkling
or scattering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*spir`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?r`?*b?l"?*t? <or/
r?s`p?*r?-)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>respirabilit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being respirable; respirableness.</def>

<hw>Re*spir"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?r"?*b'l <or/
r?s"p?*r?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>respirable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable for being breathed;
adapted for respiration.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*spir"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Res`pi*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(r?s`p?*r?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>respiratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>respiration</ets>.
See <er>Respire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
respiring or breathing again, or catching one's breath.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relief from toil or suffering: rest.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Till the day
Appear of <qex>respiration</qex> to the just
And vengeance to the wicked.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Interval; intermission.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of resping or
breathing; the act of taking in and giving out air; the aggregate
of those processes bu which oxygen is introduced into the system,
and carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid, removed.</def>

<note><hand/ Respiration in the higher animals is divided into:
(<stype>a</stype>) <xex>Internal respiration</xex>, or the
interchange of oxygen and carbonic acid between the cells of the
body and the bathing them, which in one sense is a process of
nutrition. (<stype>b</stype>) <xex>External respiration</xex>, or
the gaseous interchange taking place in the special respiratory
organs, the lungs. This constitutes respiration proper.
<au>Gamgee.</au>

   In the respiration of plants oxygen is likewise absorbed and
carbonic acid exhaled, but in the light this process is obscured
by another process which goes on with more vigor, in which the
plant inhales and absorbs carbonic acid and exhales free
oxygen.</note>

<hw>Res`pi*ra"tion*al</hw> <pr>(r?s`p?*r?"sh?n-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to respiration; <as>as,
<ex>respirational</ex> difficulties</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*spir"a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?*r?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to respiration; <as>as,
<ex>respirative</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<hw>Res"pi*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(r?s"p?*r?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>respirateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A divice of
gauze or wire, covering the mouth or nose, to prevent the
inhalation of noxious substances, as dust or smoke. Being warmed
by the breath, it tempers cold air passing through it, and may
also be used for the inhalation of medicated vapors.</def>

<hw>Re*spir"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?r"?*t?*r? <or/
r?s"p?*r?-)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; <as>as, the
<ex>respiratory</ex> organs; <ex>respiratory</ex> nerves; the
<ex>respiratory</ex> function; <ex>respiratory</ex>
changes.</as></def>

<cs><col>Respiratory foods</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See
2d Note under <er>Food</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd> --
<col>Respiratory tree</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
branched internal gill of certain holothurians.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*spire"</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?r)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Respired</er>
<pr>(-sp?rd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vvb. n.</pos>
<er>Respiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>respirare</ets>,
<ets>respiratum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>spirare</ets> to breathe: cf. F. <ets>respirer</ets>. See
<er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take breath again;
hence, to take rest or refreshment.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>Here leave me to <qex>respire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>From the mountains where I now <qex>respire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To breathe; to inhale air
into the lungs, and exhale it from them, successively, for the
purpose of maintaining the vitality of the blood.</def>

<hw>Re*spire"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To breathe
in and out; to inspire and expire,, as air; to breathe.</def>

<q>A native of the land where I <qex>respire</qex>
The clear air for a while.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To breathe out; to exhale.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Res"pite</hw> <pr>(r?s"p?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>respit</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82pit</ets>, from L.
<ets>respectus</ets> respect, regard, delay, in LL., the
deferring of a day. See <er>Respect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A putting off of that which was appointed; a postponement or
delay.</def>

<q>I crave but four day's <qex>respite</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Temporary intermission of labor, or of any
process or operation; interval of rest; pause; delay.</def>
\'bdWithout more <xex>respite</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Some pause and <qex>respite</qex> only I require.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Temporary
suspension of the execution of a capital offender;
reprieve.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The delay of appearance at
court granted to a jury beyond the proper term.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Pause; interval; stop; cessation; delay;
postponement; stay; reprieve.</syn>

<hw>Res"pite</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Respited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Respiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>respiter</ets>,
LL. <ets>respectare</ets>. See <er>Respite</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To give or grant a respite to.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To delay or postpone; to put
off</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To keep back from execution; to
reprieve.</def>

<q>Forty days longer we do <qex>respite</qex> you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To relieve by a pause or interval of
rest</def>. \'bdTo <xex>respite</xex> his day labor with
repast.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Res"pite*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without respite.</def>

<au>Baxter.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*splen"dence</hw> <pr>(r?*spl?n"d<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*splen"den*cy</hw> <pr>(-d<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>resplendentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
quality or state of being resplendent; brilliant luster; vivid
brightness; splendor.</def>

<q>Son! thou in whom my glory I behold
In full <qex>resplendence</qex>, heir of all my might.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>The <qex>resplendency</qex> of his own almighty goodness.</q>
<qau>Dr. J. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Re*splen"dent</hw> <pr>(-d<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>resplendens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>resplendere</ets> to shine brightly; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>splendere</ets> to shine. See
<er>Splendid</er>.]</ety> <def>Shining with brilliant luster;
very bright.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*splen"dent*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<q>With royal arras and <qex>resplendent</qex> gold.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Re*splen"dish*ant</hw> <pr>(-d?sh*<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Resplendent; brilliant.</def> <mark>[R. &
Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fabyan.</au>

<hw>Re*splen"dish*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resplendent.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*split"</hw> <pr>(r?*spl?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To split again.</def>

<hw>Re*spond"</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Responded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Responding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>respondre</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82pondre</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>respondere</ets>, <ets>responsum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>spondere</ets> to promise. See
<er>Sponsor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To say somethin in
return; to answer; to reply; <as>as, to <ex>respond</ex> to a
question or an argument</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To show some effect in return to a force; to act
in response; to accord; to correspond; to suit.</def>

<q>A new affliction strings a new cord in the heart, which
<qex>responds</qex> to some new note of complaint within the wide
scale of human woe.</q>
<qau>Buckminster.</qau>

<q>To every theme <qex>responds</qex> thy various lay.</q>
<qau>Broome.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To render satisfaction; to be answerable;
<as>as, the defendant is held to <ex>respond</ex> in
damages</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To answer; reply; rejoin. See <er>Reply</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*spond"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To answer;
to reply.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suit or accord with; to correspond to.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>For his great deeds <qex>respond</qex> his speeches great.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>

<hw>Re*spond"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An answer; a
response.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A short anthem sung at
intervals during the reading of a chapter.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A half pier or pillar
attached to a wall to support an arch.</def>

<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*spond"ence</hw> <pr>(-<it>?</it>ns)</pr>,
<hw>Re*spond"en*cy</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>n*s?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of responding; the state of being
respondent; an answering.</def>

<au>A. Chalmers.</au>

<q>The angelical soft trembling voice made
To the instruments divine <qex>respondence</qex> meet.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Re*spond"ent</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>respondens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>respondere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disposed or expected to
respond; answering; according; corresponding.</def>

<q>Wealth <qex>respondent</qex> to payment and contributions.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<hw>Re*spond"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82pondant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who responds. It
corresponds in general to <xex>defendant</xex>.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who answers
in certain suits or proceedings, generally those which are not
according to the course of the common law, as in equity and
admiralty causes, in petitions for partition, and the like; --
distinquished from <xex>appellant</xex></def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province it
is to refute objections, or overthrow arguments; -- distinguished
from <xex>opponent</xex>.</def>

<au>I. Watts.  </au>

<-- p. 1228 -->

<hw>\'d8Re`spon*den"ti*a</hw> <pr>(r?`sp?n*d?n"sh?*?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Respondence</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Commercial Law)</fld> <def>A loan upon goods laden on board
a ship. It differs from <xex>bottomry</xex>, which is a loan on
the ship itself.</def>

<au>Bouvier.</au>

<hw>Re*spon"sal</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?n"s<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Answerable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*spon"sal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.LL.
<ets>resposalis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is
answerable or responsible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Barrow.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Response.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Brevint.</au>

<hw>Re*sponse"</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?ns")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>response</ets>, <ets>respons</ets>, F.
<ets>r\'82ponse</ets>, from L. <ets>responsum</ets>, from
<ets>respondere</ets>. See <er>Respond</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of responding.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An answer or reply.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Reply to an objection in formal
disputation</def>. <au>I. Watts</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The answer of the people or congregation
to the priest or clergyman, in the litany and other parts of
divine service</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A
kind of anthem sung after the lessons of matins and some other
parts of the office</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A
repetition of the given subject in a fugue by another part on the
fifth above or fourth below.</def> <au>Busby</au>.

<hw>Re*sponse"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giving no
response.</def>

<hw>Re*spon`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?n`s?*b?l"?*t?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ties</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>responsabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable,
as for a trust, debt, or obligation.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That for which anyone is responsible or
accountable; <as>as, the <ex>resonsibilities</ex> of
power</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ability to answer in payment; means of
paying.</def>

<hw>Re*spon"si*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?n"s?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>responsable</ets>. See <er>Respond</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to
answer; accountable; answerable; amenable; <as>as, a guardian is
<ex>responsible</ex> to the court for his conduct in the
office</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and
obligations; trustworthy, financially or otherwise; <as>as, to
have a <ex>responsible</ex> man for surety</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Involving responsibility; involving a degree of
accountability on the part of the person concerned; <as>as, a
<ex>responsible</ex> office</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Accountable; answerable; amenable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*spon"si*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Re*spon"si*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*spon"sion</hw> <pr>(-sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>responsio</ets>. See <er>Respond</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of answering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(University of Oxford)</fld> <def>The first
university examination; -- called also <altname>little
go</altname>. See under <er>Little</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>

<hw>Re*spon"sive</hw> <pr>(-s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>resposif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That responds; ready
or inclined to respond.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suited to something else; correspondent.</def>

<q>The vocal lay <qex>responsive</qex> to the strings.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Responsible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*spon"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*spon"sive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re`spon*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(r?`sp?n*s?"r?-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Responsory; antiphonal.</def>

<au>J. H. Newman.</au>

<hw>Re*spon"so*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*sp?n"s?*r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Containing or making answer; answering.</def>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<hw>Re*spon"so*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw>
<pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[LL.
<ets>responsorium</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The answer of the people to the priest in
alternate speaking, in church service.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
versicle sung in answer to the priest, or as a refrain.</def>

<q>Which, if should repeat again, would turn my answers into
<qex>responsories</qex>, and beget another liturgy.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An antiphonary; a response
book.</def>

<hw>Rest</hw> <pr>(r?st)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>arrest</ets>.]</ety> <def>To arrest.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rest</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>rest</ets>,
<ets>r<?/st</ets>, rest; akin to D. <ets>rust</ets>, G.
<ets>rast</ets>. OHG. <ets>rasta</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>rast</ets> rest, repose, Icel. <ets>r<?/st</ets> the
distance between two resting places, a mole, Goth.
<ets>rasta</ets> a mile, also to Goth. <ets>razn</ets> house,
Icel. <ets>rann</ets>, and perhaps to G. <ets>ruhe</ets> rest,
repose, AS. <ets>r<?/w</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ Cf.
<er>Ransack</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A state of quiet or
repose; a cessation from motion or labor; tranquillity; <as>as,
<ex>rest</ex> from mental exertion; <ex>rest</ex> of body or
mind</as>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Sleep give thee all his <qex>rest</qex>!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or
disturbs; peace; security.</def>

<q>And the land had <qex>rest</qex> fourscore years.</q>
<qau>Judges iii. 30.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death.</def>

<q>How sleep the brave who sink to <qex>rest</qex>,
By all their country's wishes blest.</q>
<qau>Collins.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>That on which anything rests or leans for
support; <as>as, a <ex>rest</ex> in a lathe, for supporting the
cutting tool or steadying the work</as>.</def>

<q>He made narrowed <qex>rests</qex> round about, that the beams
should not be fastened in the walls of the house.</q>
<qau>1 Kings vi. 6.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>A projection from the
right side of the cuirass, serving to support the lance.</def>

<q>Their visors closed, their lances in the <qex>rest</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A place where one may rest, either temporarily,
as in an inn, or permanently, as, in an abode.</def> \'bdHalfway
houses and travelers' <xex>rests</xex>.\'b8

<au>J. H. Newman.</au>

<q>In dust our final <qex>rest</qex>, and native home.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Ye are not as yet come to the <qex>rest</qex> and to the
inheritance which the Lord your God giveth you.</q>
<qau>Deut. xii. 9.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A short pause in reading
verse; a c<ae/sura.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>The striking of a balance at regular intervals
in a running account.</def> \'bdAn account is said to be taken
with annual or semiannual <xex>rests</xex>.\'b8

<au>Abbott.</au>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>A set or game at tennis.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Silence in music or in one of
its parts; the name of the character that stands for such
silence. They are named as notes are, <xex>whole</xex>,
<xex>half</xex>, <xex>quarter</xex>,etc.</def>

<cs><col>Rest house</col>, <cd>an empty house for the
accomodation of travelers; a caravansary.</cd>
<mark>[India]</mark> -- <col>To set</col>, <or/ <col>To set
up</col>, <col>one's rest</col></mcol>, <cd>to have a settled
determination; -- from an old game of cards, when one so
expressed his intention to stand or rest upon his hand.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Shak. Bacon.</au></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Cessation; pause; intermission; stop; stay; repose;
slumber; quiet; ease; quietness; stillness; tranquillity;
peacefulness; pease.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rest</er>,
<er>Repose</er>. <xex>Rest</xex> is a ceasing from labor or
exertion; <xex>repose</xex> is a mode of resting which gives
relief and refreshment after toil and labor. The words are
commonly interchangeable.</usage>

<hw>Rest</hw> <pr>(r?st)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rested</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Resting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>restan</ets>. See <er>Rest</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cease from action or motion, especially from
action which has caused weariness; to desist from labor or
exertion.</def>

<q>God . . . <qex>rested</qex> on the seventh day from all his
work which he had made.</q>
<qau>Gen. ii. 2.</qau>

<q>Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou
shalt <qex>rest</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ex. xxiii. 12.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs; to
be quiet or still.</def>

<q>There <qex>rest</qex>, if any rest can harbor there.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lie; to repose; to recline; to lan; <as>as,
to <ex>rest</ex> on a couch</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported;
<as>as, a column <ex>rests</ex> on its pedestal</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be
dead.</def>

<q>Fancy . . . then retries
Into her private cell when Nature <qex>rests</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to
repose without anxiety; <as>as, to <ex>rest</ex> on a man's
promise</as>.</def>

<q>On him I <qex>rested</qex>, after long debate,
And not without considering, fixed <?/<?/ fate.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To be satisfied; to acquiesce.</def>

<q>To <qex>rest</qex> in Heaven's determination.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<cs><col>To rest with</col>, <cd>to be in the power of; to depend
upon; as, it <xex>rests with<xex> him to decide.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rest</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay or place
at rest; to quiet.</def>

<q>Your piety has paid
All needful rites, to <qex>rest</qex> my wandering shade.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place, as on a support; to cause to
lean.</def>

<q>Her weary head upon your bosom <qex>rest</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>

<hw>Rest</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>reste</ets>, fr. 
<ets>rester</ets> to remain, L. <ets>restare</ets> to stay back,
remain; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>stare</ets> to stand,
stay. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Arrest</er>,
<er>Restive</er>.]</ety> (With the definite article.) <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That which is left, or which remains after the separation of
a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder;
residue.</def>

<q>Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the present comfort
of having done our duty, and, for the <qex>rest</qex>, it offers
us the best security that Heaven can give.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Those not included in a proposition or
description; the remainder; others.</def> \'bdPlato and the
<xex>rest</xex> of the philosophers.\'b8

<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>

<q>Armed like the <qex>rest</qex>, the Trojan prince appears.</q>
<qau>DRyden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A surplus held as a reserved
fund by a bank to equalize its dividends, etc.; in the Bank of
England, the balance of assets above liabilities.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Remainder; overplus; surplus; remnant; residue;
reserve; others.</syn>

<hw>Rest</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rester</ets>. See
<er>Rest</er> remainder.]</ety> <def>To be left; to remain; to
continue to be.</def>

<q>The affairs of men <qex>rest</qex> still uncertain.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*stag"nant</hw> <pr>(r?*st?g"n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>restagnans</ets>, p. pr. ]</ety>
<def>Stagnant; motionless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*stag"nate</hw> <pr>(-n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>restagnare</ets> to overflow.]</ety> <def>To stagnate; to
cease to flow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Wiseman.</au>

<hw>Re`stag*na"tion</hw> <pr>(-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>restagnatio</ets> aninundation.]</ety>
<def>Stagnation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Res"tant</hw> <pr>(r?s"t<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>restans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>restare</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>restant</ets>.  See <er>Rest</er> remainder.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Persistent.</def>

<hw>Re*state"</hw> <pr>(r?*st?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
state anew.</def>

<au>Palfrey.</au>

<hw>Res"tau*rant</hw> <pr>(r?s"t?*r?nt;277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F., fr. <ets>restaurer</ets>. See <er>Restore</er>.]</ety>
<def>An eating house.</def>

<hw>Res"tau*rate</hw> <pr>(r?s"t?*r?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>restauratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>restaurare</ets>.
See <er>Restore</er>.]</ety> <def>To restore.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Re`stau`ra`teur"</hw> <pr>(r?`st?`r?`t?r")</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The keeper of an eathing house
or a restaurant.</def>

<hw>Res`tau*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(r?s`t?*r?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>restauratio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>restauration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Restoration.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Cower.</au>

<hw>Re*stem"</hw> <pr>(r?*st?m")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To force back against the current; <as>as, to
<ex>restem</ex> their backward course</as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stem, or <?/ove against; <as>as, to
<ex>restem</ex> a current</as>.</def>

<hw>Rest"ful</hw> <pr>(r?st"f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Being at rest; quiet.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Giving rest; freeing from toil, trouble,
etc.</def>

<q>Tired with all these, for <qex>restful</qex> death I cry.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rest"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rest"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rest"-har`row</hw> <pr>(-h?r`r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European leguminous plant (<spn>Ononis
arvensis</spn>) with long, tough roots.</def>

<hw>Rest"iff</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Restive.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rest"iff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A restive or stubborn
horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rest"iff*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Restiveness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Res"ti*form</hw> <pr>(r?s"t?*f?rm)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos><ety>[L. <ets>restis</ets> rope +
<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Formed like a
rope; -- applied especially to several ropelike bundles or masses
of fibers on the dorsal side of the medulla oblongata.</def>

<hw>Rest"i*ly</hw> <pr>(r?st"?*l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In
a resty manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*stinc"tion</hw> <pr>(r?*st?nk"sh?n)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><ety>[L. <ets>restinctio</ets>. See
<er>Restinguish</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of quenching or
extingishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rest"i*ness</hw> <pr>(r?st`*n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being resty; sluggishness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The snake by <qex>restiness</qex> and lying still all
winter.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>

<hw>Rest"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from <er>Rest</er>,
<pos>v. t. & i.</pos></def>

<cs><col>Resting spore</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a spore in
certain orders of alg\'91, which remains quiescent, retaining its
vitality, for long periods of time.</cd></cs>

<au>C. E. Bessey.</au>

<hw>Re*stin"guish</hw> <pr>(r?*st?n"gw?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>restinquere</ets>, <ets>restinctum</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>stinquere</ets> to quench.]</ety>
<def>To quench or extinguish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>R. Field.</au>

<hw>Res"ti*tute</hw> <pr>(r?s"t?*t?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>restitutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>restituere</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>statuere</ets> to put, place. See
<er>Statute</er>.]</ety> <def>To restore to a former state.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au> Dyer.</au>

<hw>Res"ti*tute</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><def>That which is restored or
offered in place of something; a substitute.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Res`ti*tu"tion</hw> <pr>(r?s`t?*t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>restitution</ets>, L. <ets>restitutio</ets>. See
<er>Restitute</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act
of restoring anything to its rightful owner, or of making good,
or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage, or injury;
indemnification.</def>

<q>A <qex>restitution</qex> of ancient rights unto the crown.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>He <qex>restitution</qex> to the value makes.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is offered or given in return for
what has been lost, injured, or destroved; compensation.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The act of returning to, or
recovering, a former state; <as>as, the <ex>restitution</ex> of
an elastic body</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The movement of rotetion which
usually occurs in childbirth after the head has been delivered,
and which causes the latter to point towards the side to which it
was directed at the beginning of labor.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Restoration; return; indemnification; reparation;
compensation; amends; remuneration.</syn>

<hw>Res"ti*tu`tor</hw> <pr>(r?s"t?*t?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>restituteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who
makes restitution.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>.

<hw>Rest"ive</hw> <pr>(r?st"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>restif</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82tif</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>restare</ets> to stay back, withstand, resist. See
<er>Rest</er> remainder, and cf. <er>Restiff</er>.]</ety> .
<def>Unwilling to go on; obstinate in refusing to move forward;
stubborn; drawing back.</def>

<q><qex>Restive</qex> or resty, drawing back, instead of going
forward, as some horses do.</q>
<qau>E. Philips (1658).</qau>

<q>The people remarked with awe and wonder that the beasts which
were to drag him [Abraham Holmes] to the gallows became
<qex>restive</qex>, and went back.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inactive; sluggish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Impatient under coercion, chastisement, or
opposition; refractory.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Uneasy; restless; averse to standing still;
fidgeting about; -- applied especially to horses.</def>

<au>Trench.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rest"ive</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rest"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rest"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>restle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Never resting;
unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; <as>as, a <ex>restless</ex>
child</as>.</def> <au>Chaucer</au>. \'bd<xex>Restless</xex>
revolution day by day.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse
to repose or quiet; eager for change; discontented; <as>as,
<ex>restless</ex> schemers; <ex>restless</ex> ambition;
<ex>restless</ex> subjects</as>.</def>  \'bd<xex>Restless</xex>
at home , and ever prone to range.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Deprived of rest or sleep.</def>

<q><qex>Restless</qex> he passed the remnants of the night.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Passed in unquietness; <as>as, the patient has
had a <ex>restless</ex> night</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not affording rest; <as>as, a <ex>restless</ex>
chair</as>.</def>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<cs><col>Restless thrush</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Grinder</er>, 3.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Unquiet; uneasy; disturbed; disquieted; sleepless;
agitated; unsettled; roving; wandering.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rest"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>-
<wf>Rest"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*stor"a*ble</hw> <pr>(r?*st?r"?*b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Admitting of being restored; capable of being reclaimed;
<as>as, <ex>restorable</ex> land</as>.</def> <au>Swift</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Re*stor"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*stor"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><def>Restoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Barrow.</au>

<hw>Res`to*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(r?s`t?*r?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[OE. <ets>restauracion</ets>, F. <ets>restauration</ets>,
fr. L. <ets>restauratio</ets>. See <er>Restore</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of restoring or bringing back to a
former place, station, or condition; the fact of being restored;
renewal; re\'89stablishment; <as>as, the <ex>restoration</ex> of
friendship between enemies; the <ex>restoration</ex> of peace
after war</as>.</def>

<q>Behold the different climes agree,
Rejoicing in thy <qex>restoration</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being restored; recovery of health,
strength, etc.; <as>as, <ex>restoration</ex> from
sickness</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is restored or renewed.</def>

<cs><col>The restoration</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the
return of King Charles II. in 1660, and the re\'89stablishment of
monarchy.</cd> -- <col>Universal restoration</col>
<fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the final recovery of all men from sin
and alienation from God to a state of happiness; universal
salvation.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Recovery; replacement; renewal; renovation;
redintegration; reinstatement; re\'89stablishment; return;
revival; restitution; reparation.</syn>

<hw>Res`to*ra"tion*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
Restorationist.</def>

<hw>Res`to*ra"tion*ism</hw> <pr>(-?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The belief or doctrines of the Restorationists.</def>

<hw>Res`to*ra"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><def>One who believes
in a temporary future punishment and a final restoration of all
to the favor and presence of God; a Universalist.</def>

<hw>Re*stor"a*tive</hw> <pr>(r?*st?r"?*t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>restoratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining
to restoration; having power to restore.</def>

<q>Destroys life's enemy,
Hunger, with sweet <qex>restorative</qex> delight.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*stor"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something which
serves to restore; especially, a restorative medicine.</def>

<au>Arbuthnot.</au>

<hw>Re*stor"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a restorative
manner.</def>

<hw>Res"to*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(r?s"t?*r?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A restaurateur.</def>

<hw>Re*stor"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(r?*st?r"?*t?*r?)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Restorative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re-store"</hw> <pr>(r?*st?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + store</ets>.]</ety> <def>To store again;
<as>as, the goods taken out were <ex>re-stored</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*store"</hw> <pr>(r?*st?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Restored</er>
<pr>(r?-st?rd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Restoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>restoren</ets>,
OF. <ets>restorer</ets>, F. <ets>restaurer</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>restaurare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + an unused word;
cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ an upright pale or stake, Skr.
<ets>sth<?/vara</ets> fixed, firm. Cf. <er>Restaurant</er>,
<er>Store</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring back to its former state; to
bring back from a state of ruin, decay, disease, or the like; to
repair; to renew; to recover.</def> \'bdTo <xex>restore</xex> and
to build Jerusalem.\'b8

<au>Dan. ix. 25.</au>

<q>Our fortune <qex>restored</qex> after the severest
afflictions.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<q>And his hand was <qex>restored</qex> whole as the other.</q>
<qau>Mark iii. 5.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give or bring back, as that which has been
lost., or taken away; to bring back to the owner; to
replace.</def>

<q>Now therefore <qex>restore</qex> the man his wife.</q>
<qau>Gen. xx. 7.</qau>

<q>Loss of Eden, till one greater man
<qex>Restore</qex> us, and regain the blissful seat.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>The father banished virtue shall <qex>restore</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To renew; to re\'89stablish; <as>as, to
<ex>restore</ex> harmony among those who are variance</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give in place of, or as satisfaction
for.</def>

<q>He shall <qex>restore</qex> five oxen for an ox, and four
sheep for a sheep.</q>
<qau>Ex. xxii. 1.</qau>

<-- p. 1229 -->

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make good; to make amends for.</def>

<q>But if the while I think on thee, dear friend,
All losses are <qex>restored</qex>, and sorrows end.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring
back from a state of injury or decay, or from a changed
condition; <as>as, to <ex>restore</ex> a painting</as>, statue,
etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To form a picture or model of, as of
something lost or mutilated; <as>as, to <ex>restore</ex> a ruined
building, city, or the like</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To return; replace; refund; repay; reinstate;
rebuild; re\'89stablish; renew; repair; revive; recover; heal;
cure.</syn>

<hw>Re*store"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Restoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*store"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><def>Restoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*stor"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, restores.</def>

<hw>Re*strain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Restrained</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Restraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>restreinen</ets>, F. <ets>restreindre</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>restringere</ets>, <ets>restrictum</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>stringere</ets> to draw, bind, or press
together. See <er>Strain</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Restrict</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw back again; to
hold back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by
physical or moral force, or by any interposing obstacle; to
repress or suppress; to keep down; to curb.</def>

<q><qex>Restrain</qex> in me the cursed thoughts that nature
Gives way to in repose!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw back toghtly, as a rein.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; to
abridge.</def>

<q>Though they two were committed, at least <qex>restrained</qex>
of their liberty.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To limit; to confine; to restrict.</def>

<au>Trench.</au>

<q>Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral, universality
also is to be <qex>restrained</qex> by a part of the
predicate.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To withhold; to forbear.</def>

<q>Thou <qex>restrained</qex> prayer before God.</q>
<qau>Job. xv. 4.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To check; hinder; stop; withhold; repress; curb;
suppress; coerce; restrict; limit; confine.</syn>

<hw>Re*strain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being restrained; controllable.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*strain"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With
restraint.</def>

<au>Hammond.</au>

<hw>Re*strain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, restrains.</def>

<hw>Re*strain"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of restraining.</def>

<hw>Re*straint"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>restraincte</ets>, fr. <ets>restrainct</ets>, F.
<ets>restreint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>restraindre</ets>,
<ets>restrendre</ets>. See <er>Restrain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act or process of restraining, or of holding back or
hindering from motion or action, in any manner; hindrance of the
will, or of any action, physical or mental.</def>

<q>No man was altogether above the <qex>restrains</qex> of law,
and no man altogether below its protection.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being restrained.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which restrains, as a law, a prohibition,
or the like; limitation; restriction.</def>

<q>For one <qex>restraint</qex>, lords of the world besides.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Repression; hindrance; check; stop; curb;<?/oercion;
confinement; limitation; restriction.</syn>

<hw>Re*strength"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
strengthen again; to fortify anew.</def>

<hw>Re*strict"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>restrictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>restringere</ets>. See
<er>Restrain</er>.]</ety> <def>Restricted.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*strict"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Restricted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Restricting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To restrain within
bounds; to limit; to confine; <as>as, to <ex>restrict</ex> worlds
to a particular meaning; to <ex>restrict</ex> a patient to a
certain diet.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To limit; bound; circumscribe; restrain; repress;
curb; coerce.</syn>

<hw>Re*stric"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>restriction</ets>, L. <ets>restrictio</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of restricting, or state of being
restricted; confinement within limits or bounds.</def>

<q>This is to have the same <qex>restriction</qex> with all other
recreations,that it be made a divertisement.</q>
<qau>Giv. of Tonque.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which restricts; limitation; restraint;
<as>as, <ex>restrictions</ex> on trade</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*stric"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Restrictive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*strict"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>restrictif</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Serving or tending to restrict; limiting;
<as>as, a <ex>restrictive</ex> particle; <ex>restrictive</ex>
laws of trade.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Astringent or styptic in effect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Wiseman.</au>

--<wordforms><wf>Re*strict"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*strict"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*stringe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Restringed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Restringing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>restringere</ets>. See
<er>Restrain</er>.]</ety> <def>To confine; to contract; to
stringe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*strin"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality
or state of being restringent; astringency.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir W. Petty.</au>

<hw>Re*strin"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>restringens</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F.
<ets>restringent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Restringing; astringent;
styptic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
restringent medicine.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Harvey.</au>

<hw>Re*strive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To strive
anew.</def>

<hw>Rest"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to
rest; indisposed toexercton; sluggish; also, restive.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Burton.</au>

<q>Where the master is too <qex>resty</qex> or too rich to say
his own prayers.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re`sub*jec"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
subjection.</def>

<hw>Re`sub*lime"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
sublime again.</def> <au>Newton</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Re*sub`li*ma"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re`su*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resudare</ets> to sweat again. See <er>Sudation</er>.]</ety>
<def>Act of sweating again.</def>

<hw>Re*sult"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resulted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Resulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82sulter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>resultare</ets>,
<ets>resultarum</ets>, to spring or leap back, v. intens. fr.
<ets>resilire</ets>. See <er>Resile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To leap back; to rebound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The huge round stone, <qex>resulting</qex> with a bound.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come out, or have an issue; to terminate; to
have consequences; -- followed by <xex>in</xex>; <as>as, this
measure will <ex>result</ex> in good or in evil</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To proceed, spring, or rise, as a consequence,
from facts, arguments, premises, combination of circumstances,
consultation, thought, or endeavor.</def>

<q>Pleasure and peace do naturally <qex>result</qex> from a holy
and good life.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<cs><col>Resulting trust</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a trust
raised by implication for the benefit of a party granting an
estate. The phrase is also applied to a trust raised by
implication for the benefit of a party who advances the purchase
money of an estate, etc. <au>Bouvier</au>.</cd> -- <col>Resulting
use</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a use which, being limited by the
deed, expires or can not vest, and thence returns to him who
raised it. <au>Bouvier</au>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To proceed; spring; rise; arise; ensue;
terminate.</syn>

<hw>Re*sult"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
flying back; resilience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Sound is produced between the string and the air by the return
or the <qex>result</qex> of the string.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which results; the conclusion or end to
which any course or condition of things leads, or which is
obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect;
<as>as, the <ex>result</ex> of a course of action; the
<ex>result</ex> of a mathematical operation</as>.</def>

<q>If our proposals once again were heard,
We should compel them to a quick <qex>result</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The decision or determination of a council or
deliberative assembly; a resolve; a decree.</def>

<q>Then of their session ended they bid cry
With trumpet's regal sound the great <qex>result</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Effect; consequence; conclusion; inference; issue;
event. See <er>Effect</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*sult"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
resulting; that which results; a result.</def>

<au>Donne.</au>

<hw>Re*sult"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resultans</ets>, p. pr. : cf. F.
<ets>r\'82sultant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resulting or issuing from a
combination; existing or following as a result or
consequence.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Resultant force</col> <or/
<col>motion</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force which is
the result of two or more forces acting conjointly, or a motion
which is the result of two or more motions combined. See
<cref>Composition of forces</cref>, under
<er>Composition</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*sult"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
results.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>
<def>A reultant force or motion</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An eliminant.</def>

<q>The <qex>resultant</qex> of homogeneous general functions of
<it>n</it> variables is that function of their coefficients
which, equaled to zero, expresses in the simplest terms the
condition of the possibility of their existence.</q>
<qau>Sylvester.</qau>

<hw>Re*sult"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resultatus</ets>, p. p. ]</ety> <def>A result.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>resultate</xex> of their
counsil.\'b8

<au>BAcon.</au>

<hw>Re*sult"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>HAving
results or effects.</def>

<hw>Re*sult"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Resultant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Re*sult"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without result;
<as>as, <ex>resultless</ex> investigations</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*sum"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of, or admitting of, being resumed.</def>

<au>Sir M. HAle.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re`su"m\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
See <er>Resume</er>.]</ety> <def>A summing up; a condensed
statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation.</def>

<q>The exellent little <qex>r\'82sum\'82</qex> thereof in Dr.
Landsborough's book.</q>
<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>

<hw>Re*sume"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Resumed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Resuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>resumere</ets>,
<ets>resumptum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>sumere</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>r\'82sumer</ets>. See
<er>Assume</er>, <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take
back.</def>

<q>The sun, like this, from which our sight we have,
Gazed on too long, <qex>resumes</qex> the light he gave.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>

<q>Perhaps God will <qex>resume</qex> the blessing he has
bestowed ere he attains the age of manhood.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enter upon, or take up again.</def>

<q>Reason <qex>resumed</qex> her place, and Passion fled.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To begin again; to recommence, as something
which has been interrupted; <as>as, to <ex>resume</ex> an
argument or discourse</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*sum"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To summon
again.</def>

<hw>Re*sum"mons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
summons.</def>

<hw>Re*sump"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[cf. F.
<ets>r\'82sumption</ets>, L.  <ets>resumptio</ets> restoration,
recovery, fr. <ets>resumere</ets>. See <er>Resume</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of resuming; <as>as, the
<ex>resumption</ex> of a grant, of delegated powers, of an
argument, of specie payments, etc.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <def>The taking again into the
king's hands of such lands or tenements as he had granted to any
man on false suggestions or other error.</def>

<hw>Re*sump"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[cf. L.
<ets>resumptivus</ets> restorative.]</ety> <def>Taking back;
resuming, or tending toward resumption; <as>as,
<ex>resumptive</ex> measures</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*su"pi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resupinatus</ets>, p. p.  of <ets>resupinare</ets> to bend
back. See <er>Resupine</er>.]</ety> <def>Inverted in position;
appearing to be upside down or reversed, as the flowers of the
orchis and the leaves of some plants.</def>

<hw>Re*su"pi*na`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Resupinate.</def>

<hw>Re*su`pi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state of luing on the back; the state of being resupinate, or
reversed.</def>

<q>Our Vitruvius calleth this affection in the eye a
<qex>resupination</qex> of the figure.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>

<hw>Re`su*pine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resupinus</ets>; pref.<ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>supinus</ets> bent backward, supine.]</ety> <def>Lying on
the back; supine; hence, careless.</def>

<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>

<q>He spake, and, downward swayed, fell <qex>resupine</qex>,
With his huge neck aslant.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<hw>Re`sup*ply"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
supply again.</def>

<hw>Re*sur"gence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
rising again; resurrection.</def>

<hw>Re*sur"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resurgens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>resurgere</ets>. See <er>Resurrection</er>.]</ety>
<def>Rising again, as from the dead.</def>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Re*sur"gent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rises again, as
from the dead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sydney Smith.</au>

<hw>Res`ir*rect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Resurrection</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take from the
grave; to disinter.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to
view (that which was forgotten or lost).</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>

<hw>Res`ur*rec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82surrection</ets>, L. <ets>resurrectio</ets>, fr.
<ets>resurgere</ets>, <ets>resurrectum</ets>, to rise again;
pref.  <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>surgere</ets> to rise. See
<er>Source</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rising again; the
resumption of vigor.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, the rising again from the dead; the
resumption of life by the dead; <as>as, the <ex>resurrection</ex>
of Jesus Christ; the general <ex>resurrection</ex> of all the
dead at the Day of Judgment.</as></def>

<q>Nor after <qex>resurrection</qex> shall he stay
Longer on earth.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>State of being risen from the dead; future
state.</def>

<q>In the <qex>resurrection</qex> they neither marry nor are
given in marriage.</q>
<qau>Matt. xxii. 30.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The cause or exemplar of a rising from the
dead.</def>

<q>I am the <qex>resurrection</qex>, and the life.</q>
<qau>John xi. 25.</qau>

<cs><col>Cross of the resurrection</col>, <cd>a slender cross
with a pennant floating from the junction of the bars.</cd> --
<col>Resurrection plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given
to several species of <spn>Selaginella</spn> (as <spn>S.
convoluta</spn> and <spn>S. lepidophylla</spn>), flowerless
plants which, when dry, close up so as to resemble a bird's nest,
but revive and expand again when moistened. The name is sometimes
also given to the rose of Jericho. See under
<er>Rose</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Res`ur*rec"tion*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who steals bodies from the grave, as for dissection.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>

<hw>Res`ur*rec"tion*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To raise from the dead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Southey.</au>

<hw>Re`sur*vey"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
survey again or anew; to review.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*sur"vey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second or
new survey.</def>

<hw>Re*sus"ci*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of resuscitation; <as>as, <ex>resuscitable</ex>
plants</as>.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*sus"ci*tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which resuscitates. Also used adjectively.</def>

<hw>Re*sus"ci*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resuscitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>resuscitare</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>suscitare</ets> to raise, rouse. See
<er>Suscitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Restored to life.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Gardiner.</au>

<hw>Re*sus"ci*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Resuscitated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Resuscitating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To revivify; to revive;
especially, to recover or restore from apparent death; <as>as, to
<ex>resuscitate</ex> a drowned person; to <ex>resuscitate</ex>
withered plants.</as></def>

<hw>Re*sus"ci*tate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come to life
again; to revive.</def>

<q>These projects, however often slain, always
<qex>resuscitate</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>

<hw>Re*sus`ci*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>resuscitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of resuscitating, or
state of being resuscitated.</def>

<q>The subject of <qex>resuscitation</qex> by his sorceries.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Re*sus"ci*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Tending to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying.</def>

<hw>Re*sus"ci*ta`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, resuscitates.</def>

<hw>Ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Aret</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ret</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Akin to
<ets>rot</ets>.]</ety> <def>To prepare for use, as flax, by
separating the fibers from the woody part by process of soaking,
macerating, and other treatment.</def>

<au>Ure.</au>

<hw>Re*ta"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>
<def>A shelf behind the altar, for display of lights, vases of
wlowers, etc.</def>

<hw>Re"tail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>retaille</ets> piece cut off, shred, paring, or OF.
<ets>retail</ets>, from <ets>retailler</ets>. See
<er>Retail</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>The sale of
commodities in small quantities or parcels; -- opposed to
<xex>wholesale</xex>; sometimes, the sale of commodities at
second hand.</def>

<hw>Re"tail</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Done at retail; engaged in
retailing commodities; as a <xex>retail</xex> trade; a
<xex>retail</xex> grocer.</def>

<hw>Re*tail"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retailed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Retailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>retailler</ets> to cut again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re +
<ets>tailler</ets> to cut. See <er>Retail</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<er>Tailor</er>, and cf. <er>Detail</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To sell in small quantities, as by the single yard, pound,
gallon, etc.; to sell directly to the consumer; <as>as, to
<ex>retail</ex> cloth or groceries</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sell at second hand.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>

<au>Pope.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To distribute in small portions or at second
hand; to tell again or to many (what has been told or done); to
report; <as>as, to <ex>retail</ex> slander</as>.</def> \'bdTo
whom I will <xex>retail</xex> my conquest won.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>He is wit's peddler, and <qex>retails</qex> his wares
At wakes and wassails.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*tail"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
retails anything; <as>as, a <ex>retailer</ex> of merchandise; a
<ex>retailer</ex> of gossip.</as></def>

<hw>Re*tail"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
retailing.</def>

<hw>Re*tain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retained</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Retaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>retainir</ets>, L.
<ets>retinere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>tenere</ets>
to hold, keep. See <er>Tenable</er>, and cf. <er>Rein</er> of a
bridle, <er>Retention</er>, <er>Retinue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose,
part with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the
like.</def> \'bdThy shape invisible<xex>retain</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Be obedient, and <qex>retain</qex>
Unalterably firm his love entire.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>An executor may <qex>retain</qex> a debt due to him from the
testator.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee
paid; to hire; to engage; <as>as, to <ex>retain</ex> a
counselor</as>.</def>

<q>A Benedictine convent has now <qex>retained</qex> the most
learned father of their order to write in its defense.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To restrain; to prevent.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>

<cs><col>Retaining wall</col> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a
wall built to keep any movable backing, or a bank of sand or
earth, in its place; -- called also <altname>retain
wall</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To keep; hold; retrain. See <er>Keep</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*tain"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To belong;
to pertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>A somewhat languid relish, <qex>retaining</qex> to
bitterness.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep; to continue; to remain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Donne.</au>

<hw>Re*tain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being retained.</def>

<hw>Re*tain"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
retaining; retention.</def>

<hw>Re*tain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, retains.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is retained or kept in service; an
attendant; an adherent; a hanger-on.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, a servant, not a domestic, but
occasionally attending and wearing his master's livery.</def>

<au>Cowell.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>(Law) <sd>(a)</sd> The act of a client by which
he engages a lawyer or counselor to manage his cause.
<sd>(b)</sd> The act of withholding what one has in his hands by
virtue of some right. <sd>(c)</sd> A fee paid to engage a lawyer
or counselor to maintain a cause, or to prevent his being
employed by the opposing party in the case; -- called also
<altname>retaining fee</altname>.</def>

<au>Bouvier.  Blackstone.</au>

<-- p. 1230 -->

<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of keeping dependents, or the state of
being in dependence.</def>

<au> Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*tain"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
retaining; retention.</def>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<hw>Re*take"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To take or receive again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take from a captor; to recapture; <as>as, to
<ex>retake</ex> a ship or prisoners</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*tak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who takes
again what has been taken; a recaptor.</def>

<au>Kent.</au>

<hw>Re*tal"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retaliated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Retaliating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>retaliatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>retaliare</ets> to
retaliate; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + a word akin to
<ets>talio</ets> talion, retaliation. Cf. <er>Talion</er>.]</ety>
<def>To return the like for; to repay or requite by an act of the
same kind; to return evil for (evil). [Now seldom used except in
a bad sense.]</def>

<q>One ambassador sent word to the duke's son that his visit
should be <qex>retaliated</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Herbert.</qau>

<q>It is unlucky to be obliged to <qex>retaliate</qex> the
injuries of authors, whose works are so soon forgotten that we
are in danger of appearing the first aggressors.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<hw>Re*tal"i*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To return like for
like; specifically, to return evil for evil; <as>as, to
<ex>retaliate</ex> upon an enemy</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*tal`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of retaliating, or of returning like for like; retribution; now,
specifically, the return of evil for evil;
<xex>e</xex>.<xex>g</xex>., an eye for an eye, a tooth for a
tooth.</def>

<q>God . . . takes what is done to others as done to himself, and
by promise obloges himself to full <qex>retaliation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Calamy.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Requital; reprisal; retribution; punishment.</syn>

<hw>Re*tal"i*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Retaliatory</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*tal"i*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Tending to, or involving, retaliation; retaliative; as
<xex>retaliatory</xex> measures.</def>

<hw>Re*tard"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retarded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Retarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>retardare</ets>, <ets>retardatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>tardare</ets> to make slow, to delay, fr.
<ets>tardus</ets> slow: cf. F. <ets>retarder</ets>. See
<er>Tardy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep delaying; to
continue to hinder; to prevent from progress; to render more slow
in progress; to impede; to hinder; <as>as, to <ex>retard</ex> the
march of an army; to <ex>retard</ex> the motion of a ship</as>;
-- opposed to <ant>accelerate</ant>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put off; to postpone; <as>as, to
<ex>retard</ex> the attacks of old age; to <ex>retard</ex> a
rupture between nations.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To impede; hinder; obstruct; detain; delay;
procrastinate; postpone; defer.</syn>

<hw>Re*tard"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To stay back.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir. T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*tard"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Retardation; delay.</def>

<-- 2. A mentally retarded person. [Colloq.] -->

<cs><mcol><col>Retard</col>, <or/ <col>Age</col>, <col>of the
tide</col></mcol>, <cd>the interval between the transit of the
moon at which a tide originates and the appearance of the tide
itself. It is found, in general, that any particular tide is not
principally due to the moon's transit immediatelly proceeding,
but to a transit which has occured some time before, and which is
said to correspond to it. The <xex>retard of the tide<xex> is
thus distinguished from the <xex>lunitidal interval<xex>. See
under <er>Retardation</er>. r<xex>Ham. Nav. Encyc<xex>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re`tar*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retardatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>retardation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of retarding; hindrance; the act of
delaying; <as>as, the <ex>retardation</ex> of the motion of a
ship</as>; -- opposed to <ant>acceleration</ant>.</def>

<q>The <qex>retardations</qex> of our fluent motion.</q>
<qau>De Quinsey.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which retards; an obstacle; an
obstruction.</def>

<q>Hills, sloughs, and other terrestrial
<qex>retardations</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The keeping back of an
approaching consonant chord by prolonging one or more tones of a
previous chord into the intermediate chord which follows; --
differing from <xex>suspension</xex> by resolving upwards instead
of downwards.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The extent to which anything is retarded; the
amount of retarding or delay.</def>

<cs><col>Retardation of the tide</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
lunitidal interval, or the hour angle of the moon at the time of
high tide any port; the interval between the transit of the moon
and the time of high tide next following</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>The age of the tide; the retard of the tide</cd>. See under
<er>Retard</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>

<hw>Re*tard"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>retardatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending, or serving, to
retard.</def>

<hw>Re*tard"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, retards.</def>

<hw>Re*tard"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>retardement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of retarding;
retardation.</def>

<au>Cowley.</au>

<hw>Retch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Retching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr<?/can</ets> to
clear the throat, hawk, fr. <ets>hraca</ets> throat; akin to G.
<ets>rachen</ets>, and perhaps to E. <ets>rack</ets> neck.]</ety>
<def>To make an effort to vomit; to strain, as in vomiting.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>reach</asp>.]</altsp>

<q>Beloved Julia, hear me still beseeching!
(Here he grew inarticulate with <qex>retching</qex>.)</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>

<hw>Retch</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reck</er>.]</ety> <def>To care for; to heed; to reck.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Retch"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Careless; reckless.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dryden.</au>

--- <wordforms><wf>Retch"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Retch"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<hw>\'d8Re"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
net.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A net or network; a plexus;
particularly, a network of blood vessels or nerves, or a part
resembling a network.</def>

<hw>Re*te"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rete</ets> a net.]</ety> <def>Resembling network;
retiform.</def><-- sic. -->

<hw>Re*tec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retegere</ets>, <ets>retectum</ets>, to uncover; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>tegere</ets> to cover.]</ety> <def>Act of
disclosing or uncovering something concealed.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<hw>Re*tell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tell
again.</def>

<hw>Ret"ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
pine resin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline
hydrocarbon, polymeric with benzene. It is extracted from pine
tar, and is also found in certain fossil resins.</def>

<hw>Re*tent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retentum</ets>, fr. <ets>retentus</ets>, p. p. See
<er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is retained.</def>

<au>Hickok.</au>

<hw>Re*ten"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retentio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82tention</ets>. See
<er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of retaining, or
the state of being ratined.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of retaining; retentiveness.</def>

<q>No woman's heart
So big, to hold so much; they lack <qex>retention</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which contains something, as a tablet; a
<?/<?/<?/<?/ of preserving impressions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of withholding; retraint; reserve.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Place of custody or confinement.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The right of withholding a
debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person
claiming the right be duly paid; a lien.</def>

<au>Erskine. Craig.</au>

<cs><col>Retention cyst</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cyst
produced by obstruction of a duct leading from a secreting organ
and the consequent retention of the natural secretions.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ten"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82tentif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to retain;
<as>as, a <ex>retentive</ex> memory</as>.</def>

<q>Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron,
Can be <qex>retentive</qex> to the strength of spirit.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*ten"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which retains or
confines; a restraint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Re*ten"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a retentive
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*ten"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of
being retentive.</def>

<hw>Re`ten*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>The
power of retaining; retentive force; <as>as, the
<ex>retentivity</ex> of a magnet</as>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*ten"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
retainer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A muscle which serves
to retain an organ or part in place, esp. when retracted. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Phylactolemata</er>.</def>

<hw>Re`te*pore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rete</ets> a net + <ets>porus</ets> pore.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of
bryozoans of the genus <spn>Retepora</spn>. They form delicate
calcareous corals, usually composed of thin fenestrated
fronds.</def>

<hw>Re*tex"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retexere</ets>, lit., to unweave; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re +
<ets>texere</ets> to weave. ]</ety> <def>To annual, as
orders.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>

<hw>Re*tex"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
weaving or forming again.</def>

<au>Carlyle.</au>

<hw>Reth"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rh\'82teur</ets>. See <er>Rhetor</er>.]</ety> <def>A
rhetorician; a careful writer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>If a <qex>rethor</qex> couthe fair endite.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Reth"o*ryke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Rhetoric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re`ti*a"ri*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. <ets>rete</ets> a net.]</ety> <fld>(Rom.Antiq.)</fld> <def>A
gladiator armed with a net for entangling his adversary and a
trident for despatching him.</def>

<hw>Re"ti*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Retiarius</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any spider which spins webs to catch its prey.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A retiarius.</def>

<hw>Re`ti*a*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.
<ets>retiarius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Netlike.</def>

<q>This work is in <qex>retiary</qex>, or hanging textures.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constructing or using a web, or net, to catch
prey; -- said of certain spiders.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Armed with a net; hence, skillful to
entangle.</def>

<q>Scholastic <qex>retiary</qex> versatility of logic.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Ret"i*cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reticentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82ticence</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being reticent, or
keeping silence; the state of holding one's tonque; refraining to
speak of that which is suggested; uncommunicativeness.</def>

<q>Such fine reserve and noble <qex>reticence</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a person
really speaks of a thing while he makes a show as if he would say
nothingon the subject.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*cen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reticence.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reticens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reticere</ets> to keep
silence; <ets>re- + tacere</ets> to be silent. See
<er>Tacit</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to keep silent; reserved;
uncommunicative.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reticule</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small net.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reticule. See
<er>Reticule</er>,<er>2</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*tic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82ticulaire</ets>. See <er>Reticule</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form of a net, or of network; formed
with interstices; retiform; <as>as, <ex>reticular</ex> cartilage;
a <ex>reticular</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a
reticulum.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*tic`u*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Reticular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>An extensive division of rhizopods in which the pseudopodia
are more or less slender and coalesce at certain points, forming
irregular meshes. It includes the shelled Foraminifera, together
with some groups which lack a true shell.</def>

<hw>Re*tic`u*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>. <def>One of the Reticularia.</def>

<hw>Re*tic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reticular
manner.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*tic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Re*tic"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>reticulatus</ets>. See <er>Reticule</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Resembling network; having the form or
appearance of a net; netted; <as>as, a <ex>reticulated</ex>
structure</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having veins, fibers, or lines crossing like the
threads or fibers of a network; <as>as, a <ex>reticulate</ex>
leaf; a <ex>reticulated</ex> surface; a <ex>reticulated</ex> wing
of an insect.</as></def>

<cs><col>Reticulated glass</col>, <cd>ornamental ware made from
glass in which one set of white or colored lines seems to meet
and interlace with another set in a different plane.</cd> --
<col>Reticulated micrometer</col>, <cd>a micrometer for an
optical instrument, consisting of a reticule in the focus of an
eyepiece.</cd> -- <col>Reticulated work</col>
<fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>work constructed with diamond-shaped
stones, or square stones placed diagonally.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being reticulated, or netlike; that which is
reticulated; network; an organization resembling a net.</def>

<q>The particular net you occupy in the great
<qex>reticulation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>

<hw>Ret"i*cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n..</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82ticule</ets>, L. <ets>reticulum</ets>, dim. of
<ets>rete</ets> a net. Cf.<er>Retina</er>,
<er>Reticle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A little bag,
originally of network; a woman's workbag, or a little bag to be
carried in the hand.</def>

<au>De Quincey.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A system of wires or lines in the focus of a
telescope or other instrument; a reticle.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*tic`u*lo"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Reticularia</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*tic"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Forming
a network; characterized by a reticulated sructure.</def>

<cs><col>Reticulose rhizopod</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
rhizopod in which the pseudopodia blend together and form
irregular meshes.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Re*tic"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.
<plw>Reticula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. dim. of
<ets>rete</ets> a net.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The second stomach of ruminants, in which folds of the
mucous membrane form hexagonal cells; -- also called the
<altname>honeycomb stomach</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
neuroglia.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rete</ets> a net + <ets>-form</ets>. cf. F.
<ets>r\'82tiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Composed of crossing lines
and interstices; reticular; netlike; <as>as, the
<ex>retiform</ex> coat of the eye</as>.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from L.
<ets>rete</ets> a net. Cf. <er>Reticule</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The delicate membrane by which the back
part of the globe of the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of
the optic nerve terminate. See <er>Eye</er>.</def>

<note><hand/ The fibers of the optic nerve and the retinal blood
vessels spread out upon the front surface of the retina, while
the sensory layer (called <xex>Jacob's membrane</xex>),
containing the rods and cones, is on the back side, next the
choroid coat.</note>

<hw>\'d8Ret`i*nac"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Retinacula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a
holdfast, a band. See <er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A connecting band; a
fr\'91num; <as>as, the <ex>retinacula</ex> of the ileoc\'91cal
and ileocolic valves</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the
annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at
the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the retractor
muscles of the proboscis of certain worms.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small gland or process to
which bodies are attached; <as>as, the glandular
<ex>retinacula</ex> to which the pollinia of orchids are
attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many
acanthaceous plants</as>.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the retina.</def>

<cs><col>Retinal purple</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>,
<cd>the visual purple.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*tin"a*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ resin + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or
greenish yellow color, having a waxy resinlike luster.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ret`in*as"phalt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>\'d8Ret`in*as*phal"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ resin + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/
asphalt.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Retinite.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*nerved`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rete</ets> a net + E. <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having reticulated veins.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ret`i*ne"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Retinea</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See
<er>Retina</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That part of
the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in function with the
retina of a vertebrate.</def>

<hw>Re*tin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ resin.]</ety> <fld>(Min. Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically,
designating an acid found in certain fossil resins and
hydrocarbons.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ resin: cf. F. <ets>r\'82tinite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An inflammable mineral resin, usually of a
yellowish brown color, found in roundish masses, sometimes with
coal.</def>

<hw>Ret`i*ni"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
NL. & E. <ets>retina + -tis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Inflammation of the retina.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ resin + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resinlike, or
resinform; resembling a resin without being such.</def>

<hw>Ret"*nol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
resin + L. <ets>ole</ets>um oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, -- used in
printer's ink.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ret`i*noph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Retiniphor\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. NL. & E. <ets>retina</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of group of two to four united
cells which occupy the axial part of the ocelli, or ommatidia, of
the eyes of invertebrates, and contain the terminal nerve
fibrill\'91. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Ommatidium</er>.</def>

<hw>Ret`i*noph"o*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
retinophor\'91.</def>

<hw>Ret`i*nos"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Retina</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The study of the retina of the eye by
means of the ophthalmoscope.</def>

<hw>Ret"i*nue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>retinue</ets>, OF. <ets>retinue</ets>, fr.
<ets>retenir</ets> to retain, engage, hire. See
<er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <def>The body of retainers who follow a
prince or other distinguished person; a train of attendants; a
suite.</def>

<q>Others of your insolent <qex>retinue</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>What followers, what <qex>retinue</qex> canst thou gain?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<cs><col>To have at one's retinue</col>, <cd>to keep or employ as
a retainer; to retain. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Re*tin"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Retinul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of NL.
& E. <ets>retina</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of
the group of pigmented cells which surround the retinophor\'91 of
invertebrates. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Ommatidium</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*tin"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having, or characterized by,
retinul<?/.</def>

<hw>Ret`i*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rete</ets> a net + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot:
cf. F. <ets>r\'82tinop\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A bird having small polygonal scales covering the
tarsi.</def>

<hw>Re*tir"a*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Retirement;
-- mostly used in a jocose or burlesque way.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<au>Bartlett.</au>

<q>What one of our great men used to call dignified
<qex>retiracy</qex>.</q>
<qau>C. A. Bristed.</qau>

<hw>Ret`i*rade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; cf.
Sp. <ets>retirada</ets> retreat. See <er>Retire</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of
a bastion, which may be disputed inch by inch after the defenses
are dismantled. It usually consists of two faces which make a
re\'89ntering angle.</def>

<hw>Re*tire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retired</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Retiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>retirer</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>tirer</ets> to draw. See
<er>Tirade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To withdraw; to take
away; -- sometimes used reflexively.</def>

<q>He . . . <qex>retired</qex> himself, his wife, and children
into a forest.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>

<q>As when the sun is present all the year,
And never doth <qex>retire</qex> his golden ray.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>

<-- p. 1231 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withdraw from circulation, or from the
market; to take up and pay; <as>as, to <ex>retire</ex> bonds; to
<ex>retire</ex> a note.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to retire; specifically, to designate
as no longer qualified for active service; to place on the
retired list; <as>as, to <ex>retire</ex> a military or naval
officer</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*tire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof;
to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy;
<as>as, to <ex>retire</ex> to his home; to <ex>retire</ex> from
the world, or from notice.</as></def>

<q>To Una back he cast him to <qex>retire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>The mind contracts herself, and shrinketh in,
And to herself she gladly doth <qex>retire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw
for safety or pleasure; <as>as, to <ex>retire</ex> from
battle</as>.</def>

<q>Set Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and
<qex>retire</qex> ye from him, that he may be smitten, and
die.</q>
<qau>2 Sam. xi. 15.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To withdraw from a public station, or from
business; <as>as, having made a large fortune, he
<ex>retired</ex></as>.</def>

<q>And from Britannia's public posts <qex>retire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To recede; to fall or bend back; <as>as, the
shore of the sea <ex>retires</ex> in bays and gulfs</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To go to bed; <as>as, he usually
<ex>retires</ex> early</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To withdraw; leave; depart; secede; recede; retreat;
retrocede.</syn>

<hw>Re*tire"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
retiring, or the state of being retired; also, a place to which
one retires.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The battle and the <qex>retire</qex> of the English
succors.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<q>[Eve] discover'd soon the place of her <qex>retire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A call sounded on a bugle,
announcing to skirmishers that they are to retire, or fall
back.</def>

<hw>Re*tired"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Private; secluded; quiet; <as>as, a <ex>retired</ex> life; a
person of <ex>retired</ex> habits.</as></def>

<q>A <qex>retired</qex> part of the peninsula.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Withdrawn from active duty or business; <as>as,
a <ex>retired</ex> officer; a <ex>retired</ex>
physician.</as></def>

<cs><col>Retired flank</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a flank bent
inward toward the rear of the work.</cd> -- <col>Retired
list</col> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld>, <cd>a list of officers,
who, by reason of advanced age or other disability, are relieved
from active service, but still receive a specified amount of pay
from the government.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*tired"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*tired"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*tire"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>retirement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
retiring, or the state of being retired; withdrawal; seclusion;
<as>as, the <ex>retirement</ex> of an officer</as>.</def>

<q>O, blest <qex>Retirement</qex>, friend of life's decline.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<q><qex>Retirement</qex>, rural quiet, friendship, books.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to
which one withdraws or retreats; a private abode.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>This coast full of princely <qex>retirements</qex> for the
sumptousness of their buildings and nobleness of the
plantations.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>

<q>Caprea had been the <qex>retirement</qex> of Augustus.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Solitude; withdrawment; departure; retreat;
seclusion; privacy. See <er>Solitude</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*tir"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
retires.</def>

<hw>Re*tir"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Reserved;
shy; not forward or obtrusive; <as>as, <ex>retiring</ex> modesty;
<ex>retiring</ex> manners.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to retirement; causing
retirement; suited to, or belonging to, retirement.</def>

<cs><col>Retiring board</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a board of
officers who consider and report upon the alleged incapacity of
an officer for active service.</cd> -- <col>Retiring
pension</col>, <cd>a pension granted to a public officer on his
retirement from office or service.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ret"i*stene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced
indirectly from retene.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ret`i*te"l\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. <ets>rete</ets> a net + <ets>tela</ets> a
web.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of spiders which
spin irregular webs; -- called also
<altname>Retitelari\'91</altname>.</def>

<hw>Re*told"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Retell</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*tor"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Retortion</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*tort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retorted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Retorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>retortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>retorquere</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>torquere</ets> to turn twist. See
<er>Torsion</er>, and cf. <er>Retort</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
2.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend or curve back; <as>as, a
<ex>retorted</ex> line</as>.</def>

<q>With <qex>retorted</qex> head, pruned themselves as they
floated.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect.</def>

<q>As when his virtues, shining upon others,
Heat them and they <qex>retort</qex> that heat again
To the first giver.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To return, as an argument, accusation, censure,
or incivility; <as>as, to <ex>retort</ex> the charge of
vanity</as>.</def>

<q>And with <qex>retorted</qex> scorn his back he turned.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*tort"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To return an argument or
a charge; to make a severe reply.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Re*tort"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Retort</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The return of, or reply
to, an argument, charge, censure, incivility, taunt, or
witticism; a quick and witty or severe response.</def>

<q>This is called the <qex>retort</qex> courteous.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>retorte</ets> (cf. Sp.
<ets>retorta</ets>), fr. L. <ets>retortus</ets>, p. p. of
<ets>retorquere</ets>. So named from its bent shape. See
<er>Retort</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & the
Arts)</fld> <def>A vessel in which substances are subjected to
distillation or decomposition by heat. It is made of different
forms and materials for different uses, as a bulb of glass with a
curved beak to enter a receiver for general chemical operations,
or a cylinder or semicylinder of cast iron for the manufacture of
gas in gas works.</def>

<cs><col>Tubulated retort</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a retort
having a tubulure for the introduction or removal of the
substances which are to be acted upon.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Repartee; answer.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Retort</er>,
<er>Repartee</er>. A <xex>retort</xex> is a short and pointed
reply, turning back on an assailant the arguments, censure, or
derision he had thrown out. A <xex>repartee</xex> is usually a
good-natured return to some witty or sportive remark.</usage>

<hw>Re*tort"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
retorts.</def>

<hw>Re*tor"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82torsion</ets>. See <er>Retort</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of retorting or throwing
back; reflection or turning back.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>retorsion</asp>.]</altsp>

<q>It was, however, necessary to possess some single term
expressive of this intellectual <qex>retortion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Retaliation.</def>

<au>Wharton.</au>

<hw>Re*tort"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing
retort.</def>

<hw>Re*toss"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To toss
back or again.</def>

<hw>Re*touch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re- + touch</ets>: cf. F. <ets>retoucher</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To touch again, or rework, in order to improve;
to revise; <as>as, to <ex>retouch</ex> a picture or an
essay</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To correct or change, as a
negative, by handwork.</def>

<hw>Re*touch"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A
partial reworking,as of a painting, a sculptor's clay model, or
the like.</def>

<hw>Re*touch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
retouches.</def>

<hw>Re*trace"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re- + trace</ets>: cf. F. <ets>retracer</ets>. Cf.
<er>Retract</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To trace back, as a
line.</def>

<q>Then if the line of Turnus you <qex>retrace</qex>,
He springs from Inachus of Argive race.</q>
<qau>Driden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go back, in or over (a previous course); to
go over again in a reverse direction; <as>as, to <ex>retrace</ex>
one's steps; to <ex>retrace</ex> one's proceedings.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as
a drawing; to draw again.</def>

<hw>Re*tract"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retracted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Retracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82tracter</ets>, L. <ets>retractare</ets>,
<ets>retractatum</ets>, to handle again, reconsider, retract, fr.
<ets>retrahere</ets>, <ets>retractum</ets>, to draw back. See
<er>Retreat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw back; to draw
up or shorten; <as>as, the cat can <ex>retract</ex> its claws; to
<ex>retract</ex> a muscle.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ti withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant;
to take back; <as>as, to <ex>retract</ex> an accusation or an
assertion</as>.</def>

<q>I would as freely have <qex>retracted</qex> this charge of
idolatry as I ever made it.</q>
<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take back,, as a grant or favor previously
bestowed; to revoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Woodward.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- To recal; withdraw; rescind; revoke; unsay; disavow;
recant; abjure; disown.</syn>

<hw>Re*tract"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw
back; to draw up; <as>as, muscles <ex>retract</ex> after
amputation</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take back what has been said; to withdraw a
concession or a declaration.</def>

<q>She will, and she will not; she grants, denies,
Consents, <qex>retracts</qex>, advances, and then files.</q>
<qau>Granville.</qau>

<hw>Re*tract"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The
pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a shoe.</def>

<hw>Re*tract"a*bl<?/</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>r\'82tractable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being
retracted; retractile.</def>

<hw>Re*tract"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retractatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>retractare</ets>. See
<er>Retract</er>.]</ety> <def>To retract; to recant.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re`trac*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82tractation</ets>, L. <ets>retractatio</ets> a revision,
reconsideration. ]</ety> <def>The act of retracting what has been
said; recantation.</def>

<hw>Re*tract"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Retractable.</def>

<hw>Re*tract"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>-r\'82tractile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<def>CApable of retraction; capable of being drawn back or up;
<as>as, the claws of a cat are <ex>retractile</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Re*trac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82traction</ets>, L. <ets>retractio</ets> a drawing back,
hesitation.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of retracting, or
drawing back; the state of being retracted; <as>as, the
<ex>retraction</ex> of a cat's claws</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of withdrawing something advanced,
stated, claimed, or done; declaration of change of opinion;
recantation.</def>

<q>Other men's insatiable desire of revenge hath wholly beguiled
both church and state of the benefit of all my either
<qex>retractions</qex> or <?/oncessions.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of
retracting or shortening; <as>as, the <ex>retraction</ex> of a
severed muscle; the <ex>retraction</ex> of a sinew</as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The state or condition of a part when drawn
back, or towards the center of the body.</def>

<hw>Re*tract"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving to
retract; of the nature of a retraction.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*tract"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*tract"ive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which retracts, or
withdraws.</def>

<hw>Re*tract"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, retracts.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In
breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a cartridge
shell from the barrel</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>
<def>An instrument for holding apart the edges of a wound during
amputation</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A bandage
to protect the soft parts from injury by the saw during
amputation</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A muscle serving to draw in any organ or part. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Phylactol\'91mata</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*tract"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Retreat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re*trait"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>ritratto</ets>, fr. <ets>ritrarre</ets> to draw back, draw,
fr. L. <ets>retrahere</ets>. See <er>Retract</er>.]</ety> <def>A
portrait; a likeness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Whose fair <qex>retrait</qex> I in my shield do bear.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Re`trans*form"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
transform anew or back.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re`trans*for*ma"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re`trans*late"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
translate anew; especially, to translate back into the original
language.</def>

<hw>\'d8Re*trax"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
(he) has withdrawn. See <er>Retract</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng.
Law)</fld> <def>The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit
in court by the plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of
action.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re*tread"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
tread again.</def>

<hw>Re*treat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>retraite</ets>, fr. <ets>retraire</ets> to withdraw, L.
<ets>retrahere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, and cf.
<er>Retract</er>, <er>Retrace</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially from what
is dangerous or disagreeable.</def>

<q>In a <qex>retreat</qex> he o<?/truns any lackey.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place to which anyone retires; a place or
privacy or safety; a refuge; an asylum.</def>

<q>He built his son a house of pleasure, and spared no cost to
make a delicious <qex>retreat</qex>.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>

<q>That pleasing shade they sought, a soft <qex>retreat</qex>
From sudden April showers, a shelter from the heat.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil. & Naval.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy, or
from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or
from an advanced position.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy for the purpose of
avoiding an engagement or escaping after defeat.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A signal given in the army or navy, by the beat
of a drum or the sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset (when
the roll is called), or for retiring from action.</def>

<note><hand/ A <xex>retreat</xex> is properly an orderly march,
in which circumstance it differs from a <xex>flight</xex>.</note>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A special season
of solitude and silence to engage in religious exercises.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A period of several days of withdrawal from
society to a religious house for exclusive occupation in the
duties of devotion; <as>as, to appoint or observe a
<ex>retreat</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Retirement; departure; withdrawment; seclusion;
solitude; privacy; asylum; shelter; refuge.</syn>

<hw>Re*treat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retreated</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Retreating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make
a retreat; to retire from any position or place; to withdraw;
<as>as, the defeated army <ex>retreated</ex> from the
field</as>.</def>

<q>The rapid currents drive
Towards the <qex>retreating</qex> sea their furious tide.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*treat"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnishing
or serving as a retreat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdOur
<xex>retreatful</xex> flood.\'b8

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Re*treat"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of retreating; specifically, the Hegira.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>D'Urfey.</au>

<hw>Re*trench"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retrenched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Retrenching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>retrenchier</ets>, F. <ets>retrancher</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>trenchier</ets>, F.
<ets>trancher</ets>, to cut. See <er>Trench</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut off; to pare away.</def>

<q>Thy exuberant parts <qex>retrench</qex>.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; <as>as, to
<ex>retrench</ex> superfluities or expenses</as>.</def>

<q>But this thy glory shall be soon <qex>retrenched</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To confine; to limit; to restrict.</def>

<au>Addison.</au>

<q>These figures, ought they then to receive a
<qex>retrenched</qex> interpretation?</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>To furnish with a
retrenchment; <as>as, to <ex>retrench</ex> bastions</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To lesen; diminish; curtail; abridge.</syn>

<hw>Re*trench"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cause or suffer
retrenchment; specifically, to cut down living expenses; <as>as,
it is more reputable to <ex>retrench</ex> than to live
embarrassed</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*trench"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>retrenchment</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
process of retrenching; <as>as, the <ex>retrenchment</ex> of
words in a writing</as>.</def>

<q>The <qex>retrenchment</qex> of my expenses will convince you
that <?/ mean to replace your fortune as far as I can.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work constructed within
another, to prolong the defense of the position when the enemy
has gained possession of the outer work; or to protect the
defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for a
capitulation.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Lessening; curtailment; diminution; reduction;
abridgment.</syn>

<hw>Re*tri"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A secdond
trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial, as of an
accused person.</def>

<hw>Re*trib"ute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retributus</ets>, p. p. of<ets>retribuere</ets> to
retribute; pref <ets>re- + tribuere</ets> to bestow, assign, pay.
See <er>Tribute</er>.]</ety> <def>To pay back; to give in return,
as payment, reward, or punishment; to requite; <as>as, to
<ex>retribute</ex> one for his kindness; to <ex>retribute</ex>
just punishment to a criminal</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>

<au>Locke.</au>

<hw>Re*trib"u*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
makes retribution.</def>

<hw>Ret`ri*bu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retributio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82tribution</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of retributing; repayment.</def>

<q>In good offices and due <qex>retributions</qex>, we may not be
pinching and niggardly.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is given in repayment or
compensation; return suitable to the merits or deserts of, as an
action; commonly, condign punishment for evil or wrong.</def>

<q>All who have their reward on earth, . . . 
Naught seeking but the praise of men, here find
Fit <qex>retribution</qex>, empty as their deeds.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Specifically, reward and punishment, as
distributed at the general judgment.</def>

<q>It is a strong argument for a state of <qex>retribution</qex>
hereafter, that in this world virtuous persons are very often
unfortunate, and vicious persons prosperous.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Repayment; requital; recompense; payment;
retaliation.</syn>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*trib"u*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Re*trib"u*to*ry</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.
<ets>retributorius</ets> worthy of retribution.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to retribution; of the nature of retribution;
involving retribution or repayment; <as>as, <ex>retributive</ex>
justice; <ex>retributory</ex> comforts.</as></def>

<hw>Re*triev"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Retrieve</er>.]</ety> <def>That may be retrieved or
recovered; admitting of retrieval.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*triev"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Re*triev"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*triev"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
retrieving.</def>

<hw>Re*trieve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retrieved</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Retrieving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>retreven</ets>,
OF. <ets>retrover</ets> to find again, recover (<ets>il
retroeve</ets>e finds again), F. <ets>retrouver</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>trover</ets> to find, F.
<ets>trouver</ets>. See <er>Trover</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To find again; to recover; to regain; to restore from loss
or injury; <as>as, to <ex>retrieve</ex> one's character; to
<ex>retrieve</ex> independence</as>.</def>

<q>With late repentance now they would <qex>retrieve</qex>
The bodies they forsook, and wish to live.</q>
<qau>Dryden</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To recall; to bring back.</def>

<q>To <qex>retrieve</qex> them from their cold, trivial
conceits.</q>
<qau>Berkeley.</qau>

<-- p. 1232 -->

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as
a loss or damadge.</def>

<q>Accept my sorrow, and <qex>retrieve</qex> my fall.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<q>There is much to be done . . . and much to be
<qex>retrieved</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To recover; regain; recruit; repair; restore.</syn>

<hw>Re*trieve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<fld>(Sport.)</fld> <def>To discover and bring in game that has
been killed or wounded; <as>as, a dog naturally inclined to
<ex>retrieve</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Walsh.</au>

<hw>Re*trieve"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A seeking
again; a discovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The recovery of game once sprung; -- an old
sporting term.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Nares.</au>

<hw>Re*trieve"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Retrieval.</def>

<hw>Re*triev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who retrieves.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dor, or a breed of dogs,
chiefly employed to retrieve, or to find and recover game birds
that have been killed or wounded.</def>

<hw>Re*trim"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To trim
again.</def>

<hw>Ret"ri*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retrimentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Refuse; dregs.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Retro-</hw>. <ety>[L. <ets>retro</ets>, adv., backward, back.
Cf. <er>Re</er>-.]</ety> <def>A prefix or combining form
signifying <xex>backward</xex>, <xex>back</xex>; <as>as,
<ex>retro</ex>act, to act backward; <ex>retro</ex>spect, a
looking back</as>.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*act"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>retro- + act</ets>.]</ety> <def>To act backward, or in
return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82troaction</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Action
returned, or action backward.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Operation on something past or preceding.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*act"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82troactif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fitted or designed to
retroact; operating by returned action; affecting what is past;
retrospective.</def>

<au>Beddoes.</au>

<cs><mcol><col>Retroactive law</col> <or/
<col>statute</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one which
operates to make criminal or punishable, or in any way expressly
to affect, acts done prior to the passing of the law.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re`tro*act"ive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a retroactive
manner.</def>

<hw>Re"tro*cede</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>retro-</ets> + <ets>cede</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82troc\'82der</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cede or grant back;
<as>as, to <ex>retrocede</ex> a territory to a former
proprietor</as>.</def>

<hw>Re"tro*cede</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retrocedere</ets>; <ets>retro</ets> backward, back +
<ets>cedere</ets> to go. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <def>To go
back.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*ced"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retrocedens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Disposed or likely to
retrocede; -- said of diseases which go from one part of the body
to another, as the gout.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*ces"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82trocession</ets>. See <er>Retrocede</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of retroceding.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being retroceded, or granted
back.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Metastasis of an eruption or a
tumor from the surface to the interior of the body.</def>

<hw>Re"tro*choir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>retro- + choir</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Arch.)</fld>
<def>Any extension of a church behind the higggggggh altar, as a
chapel; also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line
of the back or eastern face of the altar.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*cop"u*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Retrocopulation</er>.]</ety> <def>Copulating backward, or
from behind.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*cop`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>retro- + copulation</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Copulation from behind.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re`tro*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 
<ets>retroducere</ets>, <ets>retroductum</ets>, to lead or bring
back; <ets>retro</ets> backward +  <ets>ducere</ets> to
lead.]</ety> <def>A leading or bringing back.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re"tro*flex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Re"tro*flexed</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro-</ets>
+ L. <ets>flectere</ets>, <ets>flexum</ets>, to bend, to
turn.]</ety> <def>Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly
backward.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*flex"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf.
<er>Retroversion</er>.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re"tro*fract</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Re"tro*fract`ed</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>fractus</ets>, p. p. of
<ets>frangere</ets> to break.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Refracted; <as>as, a <ex>retrofract</ex> stem</as>.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*gen"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>retro- + generative</ets>.]</ety> <def>Begetting
young by retrocopulation.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*gra*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82trogradation</ets> or L. <ets>retrogradatio</ets>. See
<er>Retrograde</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
retrograding, or moving backward.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being retrograde; decline.</def>

<hw>Re"tro*grade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 
<ets>retrogradus</ets>, from <ets>retrogradi</ets>,
<ets>retrogressus</ets>, to retrograde; <ets>retro</ets> back +
<ets>gradi</ets> to step: cf. F. <ets>r\'82trograde</ets>. See
<er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>
<def>Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession
of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet.</def>

<au>Hutton.</au>

<q>And if he be in the west side in that condition, then is he
<qex>retrograde</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tending or moving backward; having a backward
course; contrary; <as>as, a <ex>retrograde</ex> motion</as>; --
opposed to <ant>progressive</ant>.</def> \'bdProgressive and not
<xex>retrograde</xex>.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<q>It is most <qex>retrograde</qex> to our desire.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Declining from a better to a worse state;
<as>as, a <ex>retrograde</ex> people; <ex>retrograde</ex> ideas,
morals, etc.</as></def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Re"tro*grade</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &
p. p.</pos> <er>Retrograded</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Retrograding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>retrogradare</ets>, <ets>retrogradi</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>r\'82trograder</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To go in a
retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a
planet.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to decline from a better to a worse
condition, as in morals or intelligence.</def>

<hw>Re"tro*gra`ding*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By
retrograding; so as to retrograde.</def>

<hw>Re"tro*gress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>retrogressus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Retrogression.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>H. Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re`tro*gres"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>r\'82trogression</ets>. See <er>Retrograde</er>, and cf.
<er>Digression</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
retrograding, or going backward; retrogradation.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Backward development; a
passing from a higher to a lower state of organization or
structure, as when an animal, approaching maturity, becomes less
highly organized than would be expected from its earlier stages
or known relationship. Called also <altname>retrograde
development</altname>, and <altname>regressive
metamorphism</altname>.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*gres"sive</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82trogressif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending to
retrograde; going or moving backward; declining from a better to
a worse state.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Passing from a higher to a
lower condition; declining from a more perfect state of
organization; regressive.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*gres"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
retrogressive manner.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*min"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being retromingent.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re`tro*min"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>mingens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>mingere</ets> to urinate.]</ety> <def>Organized so as to
discharge the urine backward.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal that discharges its urine
backward.</def></def2>

<hw>Re`tro*pul"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>pellere</ets>, <ets>pulsum</ets>, to
impel.]</ety> <def>Driving back; repelling.</def>

<hw>Re*trorse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retrorsus</ets>, <ets>retroversus</ets>; <ets>retro</ets>
back + <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn. Cf.
<er>Retrovert</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent backward or downward.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Re*trorse"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re"tro*spect</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retrospicere</ets>; <ets>retro</ets> back +
<ets>specere</ets>, <ets>spectum</ets>, to look. See
<er>Spy</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Expect</er>.]</ety> <def>To
look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past.</def>

<q>It may be useful to <qex>retrospect</qex> to an early
period.</q>
<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>

<hw>Re"tro*spect</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A looking back on
things past; view or contemplation of the past.</def>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<q>We may introduce a song without <qex>retrospect</qex> to the
old comedy.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>

<hw>Re`tro*spec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*spec"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>r\'82trospectif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Looking
backward; contemplating things past; -- opposed to
<xex>prospective</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>retrospective</ex>
view</as>.</def>

<q>The sage, with <qex>retrospective</qex> eye.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having reference to what is past; affecting
things past; retroactive; <as>as, a <ex>retrospective</ex>
law</as>.</def>

<q>Inflicting death by a <qex>retrospective</qex> enactment.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Re`tro*spec"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of
retrospect.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*vac`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld><def>The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine
virus.</def>

<hw>Re`tro*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82troversion</ets>. See <er>Retrovert</er>.]</ety> <def>A
turning or bending backward; also, the state of being turned or
bent backward; displacement backwards; <as>as,
<ex>retroversion</ex> of the uterus</as>.</def>

<note><hand/ In <xex>retroversion</xex> the bending is gradual or
curved; in <xex>retroflexion</xex> it is abrupt or
angular.</note>

<hw>Re"tro*vert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retroverted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Retroverting</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>vertere</ets>,
<ets>versum</ets>, to turn. Cf. <er>Retrorse</er>.]</ety> <def>To
turn back.</def>

<hw>Re"tro*vert*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In a state of
retroversion.</def>

<hw>Re*trude"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Retruded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Retruding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>retrudere</ets>; <ets>re- + trudere</ets> to thrust.]</ety>
<def>To thrust back.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<hw>Re*truse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retrusus</ets> concealed, p. p. of
<ets>retrudere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abstruse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dr. H. More.</au>

<hw>Re*tru"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
retruding, or the state of being retruded.</def>

<q>In virtue of an endless remotion or <qex>retrusion</qex> of
the constituent cause.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Re*try"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To try (esp.
judicially) a second time; <as>as, to <ex>retry</ex> a case; to
<ex>retry</ex> an accused person.</as></def>

<hw>Rette</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Aret</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ret"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place or
establishment where flax is retted. See <er>Ret</er>.</def>

<au>Ure.</au>

<hw>Ret"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking,
meceration, and kindred processes; -- also called
<xex>rotting</xex>. See <er>Ret</er>.</def>

<au>Ure.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place where flax is retted; a rettery.</def>

<au>Ure.</au>

<hw>Re*tund"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retundere</ets>, <ets>retusum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>tundere</ets> to beat.]</ety> <def>To blunt; to turn,
as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be obtuse or dull; <as>as,
to <ex>retund</ex> confidence</as>.</def>

<au>Ray. Cudworth.</au>

<hw>Re-turn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
turn again.</def>

<hw>Re*turn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Returned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Returning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>returnen</ets>,
<ets>retournen</ets>, F. <ets>retourner</ets>; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>tourner</ets> to turn. See
<er>Turn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn back; to go or
come again to the same place or condition.</def>
\'bd<xex>Return</xex> to your father's house.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>On their embattled ranks the waves <qex>return</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>If they <qex>returned</qex> out of bondage, it must be into a
state of freedom.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<q>Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou <qex>return</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gen. iii. 19.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come back, or begin again, after an interval,
regular or irregular; to appear again.</def>

<q>With the year
Seasons <qex>return</qex>; but not me <qex>returns</qex>
Day or the sweet approach of even or morn.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To speak in answer; to reply; to respond.</def>

<q>He said, and thus the queen of heaven <qex>returned</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To revert; to pass back into possession.</def>

<q>And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom
<qex>return</qex> to the house of David.</q>
<qau>1Kings xii. 26.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To go back in thought, narration, or
argument.</def> \'bdBut to <xex>return</xex> to my story.\'b8

<au>Fielding.</au>

<hw>Re*turn"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring,
carry, send, or turn, back; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> a borrowed
book, or a hired horse</as>.</def>

<q>Both fled attonce, ne ever back <qex>returned</qex> eye.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To repay; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> borrowed
money</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give in requital or recompense; to
requite.</def>

<q>The Lord shall <qex>return</qex> thy wickedness upon thine own
head.</q>
<qau>1 Kings ii. 44.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give back in reply; <as>as, to
<ex>return</ex> an answer; to <ex>return</ex> thanks.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To retort; to throw back; <as>as, to
<ex>return</ex> the lie</as>.</def>

<q>If you are a malicious reader, you <qex>return</qex> upon me,
that I affect to be thought more impartial than I am.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To report, or bring back and make known.</def>

<q>And all the people answered together, . . . and Moses
<qex>returned</qex> the words of the people unto the Lord.</q>
<qau>Ex. xix. 8.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To render, as an account, usually an official
account, to a superior; to report officially by a list or
statement; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> a list of stores, of killed
or wounded; to <ex>return</ex> the result of an
election.</as></def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Hence, to elect according to the official report
of the election officers.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an
office, with a certificate of what has been done; <as>as, to
<ex>return</ex> a writ</as>.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>To convey into official custody, or to a
general depository.</def>

<q>Instead of a ship, he should llevy money, and
<qex>return</qex> the same to the treasurer for his majesty's
use.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>To bat (the ball) back over
the net.</def>

<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To lead in response
to the lead of one's partner; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> a trump;
to <ex>return</ex> a diamond for a club.</as></def>

<cs><col>To return a lead</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to
lead the same suit led by one's partner.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To restore; requite; repay; recompense; render;
remit; report.</syn>

<hw>Re*turn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the
same place or condition; <as>as, the <ex>return</ex> of one long
absent; the <ex>return</ex> of health; the <ex>return</ex> of the
seasons, or of an anniversary.</as></def>

<q>At the <qex>return</qex> of the year the king of Syria will
come up against thee.</q>
<qau>1 Kings xx. 22.</qau>

<q>His personal <qex>return</qex> was most required and
necessary.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of returning (transitive), or sending
back to the same place or condition; restitution; repayment;
requital; retribution; <as>as, the <ex>return</ex> of anything
borrowed, as a book or money; a good <ex>return</ex> in
tennis.</as></def>

<q>You made my liberty your late request:
Is no <qex>return</qex> due from a grateful breast?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is returned.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A payment; a remittance; a requital.</def>

<q>I do expect <qex>return</qex>
Of thrice three times the value of this bond.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An answer; as, a <xex>return</xex> to one's
question</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An account, or formal report,
of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or
statistics, and the like; <as>as, election <ex>returns</ex>; a
<ex>return</ex> of the amount of goods produced or sold</as>;
especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared
for general information</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The profit on,
or advantage received from, labor, or an investment, undertaking,
adventure, etc.</def>

<q>The fruit from many days of recreation is very little; but
from these few hours we spend in prayer, the <qex>return</qex> is
great.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The continuation in a
different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building,
face of a building, or any member, as a molding or mold; --
applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer; thus,
a facade of sixty feet east and west has a <xex>return</xex> of
twenty feet north and south.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rendering back
or delivery of writ, precept, or execution, to the proper officer
or court.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The certificate of an officer
stating what he has done in execution of a writ, precept, etc.,
indorsed on the document.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The sending
back of a commission with the certificate of the
commissioners.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A day in bank. See
<cref>Return day</cref>, below.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld> <def>An official account,
report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior
officer; <as>as, the <ex>return</ex> of men fit for duty; the
<ex>return</ex> of the number of the sick; the <ex>return</ex> of
provisions, etc.</as></def>

<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Fort. & Mining)</fld> <def>The
turnings and windings of a trench or mine.</def>

<cs><col>Return ball</col>, <cd>a ball held by an elastic string
so that it returns to the hand from which it is thrown, -- used
as a plaything.</cd> -- <col>Return bend</col>, <cd>a pipe
fitting for connecting the contiguous ends of two nearly parallel
pipes lying alongside or one above another.</cd> -- <col>Return
day</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the day when the defendant is to
appear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and his
proceedings.</cd> -- <col>Return flue</col>, <cd>in a steam
boiler, a flue which conducts flame or gases of combustion in a
direction contrary to their previous movement in another
flue.</cd> -- <col>Return pipe</col> <fld>(Steam Heating)</fld>,
<cd>a pipe by which water of condensation from a heater or
radiator is conveyed back toward the boiler.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*turn"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Capable of, or admitting of, being returned.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legally required to be
returned, delivered, given, or rendered; <as>as, a writ or
precept <ex>returnable</ex> at a certain day; a verdict
<ex>returnable</ex> to the court</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*turn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
returns.</def>

<hw>Re*turn"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Admitting no
return.</def>

<au> Chapman.</au>

<hw>Re*tuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>retusus</ets>, p. p. : cf. F. <ets>r\'82tus</ets>. See
<er>Retund</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having
the end rounded and slightly indented; <as>as, a <ex>retuse</ex>
leaf</as>.</def>

<hw>Reule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.& v.</pos> <def>Rule.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Reume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Realm.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*un"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>re-  + union</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82union</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A second union; union formed anew after
separation, secession, or discord; <as>as, a <ex>reunion</ex> of
parts or particles of matter; a <ex>reunion</ex> of parties or
sects.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assembling of persons who have been
separated, as of a family, or the members of a disbanded
regiment; an assembly so composed.</def>

<hw>Re`u*nite"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
unite again; to join after separation or variance.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<-- p. 1233 -->

<hw>Re`u*nit"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
reunited manner.</def>

<hw>Re`u*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second
uniting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*urge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To urge
again.</def>

<hw>Re*vac"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
vaccinate a second time or again.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*vac`ci*na"tion</wf><pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rev`a*les"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of growing well; the state of being revalescent.</def>

<q>Would this prove that the patient's <qex>revalescence</qex>
had been independent of the medicines given him?</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Rev`a*les"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revalescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>revalescere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>valescere</ets>, v. incho. fr. <ets>valere</ets> to be
well.]</ety> <def>Growing well; recovering strength.</def>

<hw>Re*val`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
second or new valuation.</def>

<hw>Re*vamp"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To vamp
again; hence, topatch up; to reconstruct.</def>

<hw>Reve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To reave.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Reve</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Reeve</er>.]</ety>
<def>An officer, steward, or governor.</def> <altsp>[Usually
written <asp>reeve</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<hw>Re*veal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revealed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Revealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82v\'82ler</ets>, L. <ets>revelare</ets>,
<ets>revelatum</ets>, to unveil, reveal; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re-
+ <ets>velare</ets> to veil; fr. <ets>velum</ets> a veil. See
<er>Veil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make known (that which
has been concealed or kept secret); to unveil; to disclose; to
show.</def>

<q>Light was the wound, the prince's care unknown,
She might not, would not, yet <qex>reveal</qex> her own.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, to communicate (that which could
not be known or discovered without divine or supernatural
instruction or agency).</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To communicate; disclose; divulge; unveil; uncover;
open; discover; impart; show.</syn> <usage> See
<er>Communicate</er>. -- <er>Reveal</er>, <er>Divulge</er>. To
<xex>reveal</xex> is literally to <xex>lift the veil</xex>, and
thus make known what was previously concealed; to
<xex>divulge</xex> is to scatter abroad among the people, or make
publicly known. A mystery or hidden doctrine may be
<xex>revealed</xex>; something long confined to the knowledge of
a few is at length <xex>divulged</xex>. \'bdTime, which
<xex>reveals</xex> all things, is itself not to be
discovered.\'b8 <au>Locke</au>. \'bdA tragic history of facts
<xex>divulged</xex>.\'b8 <au>Wordsworth</au>.</usage>

<hw>Re*veal"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A revealing; a
disclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The side of an opening for a
window, doorway, or the like, between the door frame or window
frame and the outer surface of the wall; or, where the opening is
not filled with a door, etc., the whole thickness of the wall;
the jamb.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>revel</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Re*veal`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being revealable; revealableness.</def>

<hw>Re*veal"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being revealed.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*veal"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*veal"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, reveals.</def>

<hw>Re*veal"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of
revealing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*veg"e*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
vegetate anew.</def>

<hw>Re*veil"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82veil</ets>, fr. <ets>r\'82veiller</ets> to awake; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) +
<ets>veiller</ets> to awake, watch, L. <ets>vigilare</ets> to
watch. The English form was prob. taken by mistake from the
French imper. <ets>r\'82veillez</ets>,<ets>2d</ets> pers. pl. See
<er>Vigil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The beat of drum,
or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is
time for the soldiers to rise, and for the sentinels to forbear
challenging.</def> \'bdSound a <xex>reveille</xex>.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<q>For at dawning to assail ye
Here no bugles sound <qex>reveille</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Rev"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Reveal</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rev"el</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>revel</ets>
rebellion, disorder, feast, sport. See <er>Revel</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <def>A feast with loose and noisy jollity;
riotous festivity or merrymaking; a carousal.</def>

<q>This day in mirth and <qex>revel</qex> to dispend.</q>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Some men ruin . . . their bodies by incessant
<qex>revels</qex>.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>

<cs><mcol><col>Master of the revels</col>, <col>Revel
master</col></mcol>. <cd>Same as <xex>Lord of misrule<xex>, under
<er>Lord</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rev"el</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reveled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Revelled</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Reveling</er> or
<er>Revelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>reveler</ets> to
revolt, rebel, make merry, fr. L. <ets>rebellare</ets>. See
<er>Rebel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feast in a riotous
manner; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian; to make merry.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move playfully; to indulge without
restraint.</def> \'bdWhere joy most <xex>revels</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*vel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revellere</ets>; <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>vellere</ets> to
pluck, pull.]</ety> <def>To draw back; to retract.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Harvey.</au>

<hw>Rev"e*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revelatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revelare</ets> to
reveal.]</ety> <def>To reveal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Frith. Barnes.</au>

<hw>Rev`e*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82v\'82lation</ets>, L. <ets>revelatio</ets>. See
<er>Reveal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of revealing,
disclosing, or discovering to others what was before unknown to
them.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is revealed.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of
revealing divine truth.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That which is
revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible.</def>

<q>By <qex>revelation</qex> he made known unto me the mystery, as
I wrote afore in few words.</q>
<qau>Eph. iii. 3.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon,
containing the prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse.</def>

<hw>Rev"e*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>One who makes a revelation; a revealer.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rev"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>reveller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who revels.</def>
\'bdMoonshine <xex>revelers</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*vel"lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revellens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>revellere</ets>. See
<er>Revel</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Causing revulsion;
revulsive.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
revulsive medicine.</def></def2>

<hw>Rev"el*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
reveling.</def>

<hw>Rev"el*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>reveleus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fond of festivity; given to
merrymaking or reveling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Companionable and <qex>revelous</qex> was she.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rev"el-rout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rout</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Tumultuous festivity;
revelry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Rowe.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rev"er*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Revel</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> & <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The
act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling.</def>

<q>And pomp and feast and <qex>revelry</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*ven"di*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revendicated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Revendicating</er>.]</wordforms><ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>revendiquer</ets>. See <er>Revenge</er>.]</ety> <def>To
reclaim; to demand the restoration of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Vattel (Trans. ).</au>

<hw>Re*ven`di*ca""tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>revendication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
revendicating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Vattel (Trans. )</au>

<hw>Re*venge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revenged</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Revenging</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>revengier</ets>, F.
<ets>revancher</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF.
<ets>vengier</ets> to avenge, revenge, F. <ets>venger</ets>, L.
<ets>vindicare</ets>. See <er>Vindicate</er>,
<er>Vengerance</er>, and cf. <er>Revindicate</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To inflict harm in return for, as an injury,
insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury;
to avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by the
person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal
pronoun as direct object, and a preposition before thewrong done
or the wrongdoer.</def>

<q>To <qex>revenge</qex> the death of our fathers.</q>
<qau>Ld. Berners.</qau>

<q>The gods are just, and will <qex>revenge</qex> our cause.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come,
<qex>Revenge</qex> yourselves alone on Cassius.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or
malignant spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To avenge; vindicate. See <er>Avenge</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*venge"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take vengeance; --
with</def> <xex>upon</xex>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA bird that
will <xex>revenge</xex> upon you all.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*venge"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil for
evil.</def>

<q>Certainly, in taking <qex>revenge</qex>, a man is even with
his enemy; but in passing it over he is superior.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing
of evil to one who has done us an injury.</def>

<q><qex>Revenge</qex> now goes
To lay a complot to betray thy foes.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>The indulgence of <qex>revenge</qex> tends to make men more
savage and cruel.</q>
<qau>Kames.</qau>

<hw>Re*venge"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being revenged; <as>as, <ex>revengeable</ex> wrong</as>.</def>

<au>Warner.</au>

<hw>Re*venge"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Vengeance; revenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*venge"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of,
or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious; revenging; wreaking
revenge.</def>

<q>If thy <qex>revengeful</qex> heart can not forgive.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>May my hands . . . 
Never brandish more <qex>rebvengeful</qex> steel.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*venge"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Re*venge"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*venge"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unrevenged.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Marston.</au>

<hw>Re*venge"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Revenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>He 'll breed <qex>revengement</qex> and a scourge for me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Re*ven"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
revenges.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*ven"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Executing
revenge; revengeful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ven"ging*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rev"e*nue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>revenu</ets>, OF. <ets>revenue</ets>, fr. <ets>revenir</ets>
to return, L. <ets>revenire</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>venire</ets> to come. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the
annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species of
property, real or personal; income.</def>

<q>Do not anticipate your <qex>revenues</qex> and live upon air
till you know what you are worth.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, return; reward; <as>as, a
<ex>revenue</ex> of praise</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs,
duties, rents, etc., which a nation, state, or municipality
collects and receives into the treasury for public use.</def>

<cs><col>Revenue cutter</col>, <cd>an armed government vessel
employed to enforce revenue laws, prevent smuggling,
etc.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*verb"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
echo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*ver"ber*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reverberans</ets>, p. pr. : cf. F.
<ets>r\'82verb\'82rant</ets>. See <er>Reverberate</er>.]</ety>
<def>Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating.</def>

<hw>Re*ver"ber*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reverberatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reverberare</ets> to
strike back, repel; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>verberare</ets> to lash, whip, beat, fr. <ets>verber</ets> a
lash, whip, rod.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Reverberant.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>reverberate</xex> hills.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Driven back, as sound; reflected.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Re*ver"ber*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reverberated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reverberating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return
or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound; to
reflect, as light, as light or heat.</def>

<q>Who, like an arch, <qex>reverberates</qex>
The voice again.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send or force back; to repel from side to
side; <as>as, flame is <ex>reverberated</ex> in a
furnace</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Reverberated</xex> into glass.\'b8

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*ver"ber*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
resound; to echo.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled,
as rays of light; to be echoed, as sound.</def>

<hw>Re*ver`ber*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
F. <ets>r\'82verb\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting light or heat,
or re\'89choing sound; <as>as, the <ex>reverberation</ex> of rays
from a mirror; the <ex>reverberation</ex> of rays from a mirror;
the <ex>reverberation</ex> of voices; the <ex>reverberation</ex>
of heat or flame in a furnace.</as></def>

<hw>Re*ver"ber*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate;
reflective.</def>

<q>This <qex>reverberative</qex> influence is that which we have
intended above, as the influence of the mass upon its
centers.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<hw>Re*ver"ber*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who, or that which, produces reverberation.</def>

<hw>Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation;
reverberative.</def>

<cs><col>Reverberatory furnace</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Furnace</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reverberatory
furnace.</def>

<hw>Re*ver"dure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover
again with verdure.</def>

<au>Ld. Berners.</au>

<hw>Re*vere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Revering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>revereri</ets>;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vereri</ets> to fear, perh. akin
to E. <ets>wary</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82v\'82rer</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection,
mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in
estimation.</def>

<q>Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather <qex>revered</qex> as his
father than treated as his partner in the empire.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To venerate; adore; reverence.</syn>

<hw>Rev"er*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82v\'82rence</ets>, L. <ets>reverentia</ets>. See
<er>Reverent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Profound respect and
esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a holy being or
place; the disposition to revere; veneration.</def>

<q>If thou be poor, farewell thy <qex>reverence</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q><qex>Reverence</qex>, which is the synthesis of love and
fear.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<q>When discords, and quarrels, and factions, are carried openly
and audaciously, it is a sign the <qex>reverence</qex> of
government islost.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<note><hand/ Formerly, as in Chaucer, <xex>reverence</xex>
denoted \'bdrespect\'b8 \'bdhonor\'b8, without awe or
fear.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of revering; a token of respect or
veneration; an obeisance.</def>

<q>Make twenty <qex>reverences</qex> upon receiving . . . about
twopence.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<q>And each of them doeth all his diligence
To do unto the feast <qex>reverence</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which deserves or exacts manifestations of
reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.</def>

<q>I am forced to lay my <qex>reverence</qex> by.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A person entitled to be revered; -- a title
applied to priests or other ministers with the pronouns
<xex>his</xex> or <xex>your</xex>; sometimes poetically to a
father.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><mcol><col>Save your reverence</col>, <col>Saving your
reverence</col></mcol>, <cd>an apologetical phrase for an
unseemly expression made in the presence of a priest or
clergyman.</cd> -- <col>Sir reverence</col>, <cd>a contracted
form of <xex>Save your reverence<xex>.</cd>

<q>Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he say.
\'bd<qex>Sir reverence</qex>.\'b8</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

-- <col>To do reverence</col>, <cd>to show reverence or honor; to
perform an act of reverence.</cd>

<q>Now lies he there,
And none so poor <qex>to do</qex> him <qex>reverence</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Awe; honor; veneration; adoratuon; dread.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Awe</er>, <er>Reverence</er>, <er>Dread</er>,
<er>Veneration</er>. <xex>Reverence</xex> is a strong sentiment
of respect and esteem, sometimes mingled slightly with fear; as,
<xex>reverence</xex> for the divine law. <xex>Awe</xex> is a
mixed feeling of sublimity and dread in view of something great
or terrible, sublime or sacred; as, <xex>awe</xex> at the divine
presence. It does not necessarily imply love. <xex>Dread</xex> is
an anxious fear in view of an impending evil; as,
<xex>dread</xex> of punishment. <xex>Veneration</xex> is
reverence in its strongest manifestations. It is the highest
emotion we can exercise toward human beings. Exalted and noble
objects produce <xex>reverence</xex>; terrific and threatening
objects awaken <xex>dread</xex>; a sense of the divine presence
fills us with <xex>awe</xex>; a union of wisdom and virtue in one
who is advanced in years inspires us with
<xex>veneration</xex>.</usage>

<hw>Rev"er*ence</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reverenced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Reverencing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and
affection mingled with fear; to venerate.</def>

<q>Let . . . the wife see that she <qex>reverence</qex> her
husband.</q>
<qau>Eph. v. 33.</qau>

<q>Those that I <qex>reverence</qex> those I fear, the wise.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rev"er*en*cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
regards with reverence.</def> \'bd<xex>Reverencers</xex> of
crowned heads.\'b8

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Rev"er*end</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82v\'82rend</ets>, L. <ets>reverendus</ets>, fr.
<ets>revereri</ets>. See <er>Revere</er>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of
reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection;
venerable.</def>

<q>A <qex>reverend</qex> sire among them came.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>They must give good example and <qex>reverend</qex> deportment
in the face of their children.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<note><hand/ This word is commonly given as a title of respect to
ecclesiastics.  A clergyman is styled the <xex>reverend</xex>; a
dean, the <xex>very reverend</xex>; a bishop, the <xex>right
reverend</xex>; an archbishop, the <xex>most
reverend</xex>.</note>

<hw>Rev"er*end*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Reverently.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<hw>Rev"er*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reverens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>revereri</ets>. See <er>Revere</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive;
humble; respectful; <as>as, <ex>reverent</ex>
disciples</as>.</def> \'bdThey . . . prostrate fell before him
<xex>reverent</xex>.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or
submission; <as>as, <ex>reverent</ex> words; <ex>reverent</ex>
behavior</as>.</def>

<au>Joye.</au>

<hw>Rev`er*en"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82v\'82renciel</ets>. See <er>Reverence</er>.]</ety>
<def>Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent
quality; reverent; <as>as, <ex>reverential</ex> fear or
awe</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>reverential</xex> esteem of things
sacred.\'b8

<au>South.</au>

<hw>Rev`er*en"tial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reverential
manner.</def>

<hw>Rev"er*ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reverent
manner; in respectful regard.</def>

<hw>Re*ver"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reveres.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rev"er*ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rev"er*y</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Reveries</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82verie</ets>, fr.
<ets>r\'88ver</ets> to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf.
<er>Rave</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loose or irregular train
of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep musing;
daydream.</def> \'bdRapt in nameless <xex>reveries</xex>.\'b8

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<q>When ideas float in our mind without any reflection or regard
of the understanding, it is that which the French call
<qex>revery</qex>, our language has scarce a name for it.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An extravagant concient of the fancy; a
vision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>There are infinite <qex>reveries</qex> and numberless
extravagancies pass through both [wise and foolish minds].</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<-- sic. left out a "which"? -->

<hw>Re*ver"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reverse</er>.]</ety> <def>Intended to reverse; implying
reversal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>

<hw>Re*ver"sal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Reverse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of reversing;
the causing to move or face in an opposite direction, or to stand
or lie in an inverted position; <as>as, the <ex>reversal</ex> of
a rotating wheel; the <ex>reversal</ex> of objects by a convex
lens.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A change or overthrowing; <as>as, the
<ex>reversal</ex> of a judgment, which amounts to an official
declaration that it is false; the <ex>reversal</ex> of an
attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered
void.</as></def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re*verse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>revers</ets>, OF. <ets>revers</ets>, L. <ets>reversus</ets>,
p. p. of <ets>revertere</ets>. See <er>Revert</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite
direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; <as>as, the
<ex>reverse</ex> order or method</as>.</def> \'bdA vice
<xex>reverse</xex> unto this.\'b8

<au>Gower.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Turned upside down; greatly disturbed.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>He found the sea diverse
With many a windy storm <qex>reverse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gower.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Reversed; <as>as, a
<ex>reverse</ex> shell</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reverse bearing</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>the
bearing of a back station as observed from the station next in
advance.</cd> -- <col>Reverse curve</col> <fld>(Railways)</fld>,
<cd>a curve like the letter <universbold>S</universbold>, formed
of two curves bending in opposite directions.</cd> --
<col>Reverse fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a fire in the
rear.</cd> -- <col>Reverse operation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,
<cd>an operation the steps of which are taken in a contrary order
to that in which the same or similar steps are taken in another
operation considered as <xex>direct<xex>; an operation in which
that is sought which in another operation is given, and that
given which in the other is sought; as, finding the length of a
pendulum from its time of vibration is the <xex>reverse
operation<xex> to finding the time of vibration from the
length.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 1234 -->

<hw>Re*verse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>revers</ets>. See <er>Reverse</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which appears or is presented when
anything, as a lance, a line, a course of conduct, etc., is
reverted or turned contrary to its natural direction.</def>

<q>He did so with the <qex>reverse</qex> of the lance.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is directly opposite or contrary to
something else; a contrary; an opposite.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>And then mistook <qex>reverse</qex> of wrong for right.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>To make everything the <qex>reverse</qex> of what they have
seen, is quite as easy as to destroy.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of reversing; complete change; reversal;
hence, total change in circumstances or character; especially, a
change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat;
<as>as, the enemy met with a <ex>reverse</ex></as>.</def>

<q>The strange <qex>reverse</qex> of fate you see;
I pitied you, now you may pity me.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>By a <qex>reverse</qex> of fortune, Stephen becomes rich.</q>
<qau>Lamb.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The back side; <as>as, the <ex>reverse</ex> of a
drum or trench; the <ex>reverse</ex> of a medal or coin, that is,
the side opposite to the <ant>obverse</ant></as>. See
<er>Obverse</er>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of
the hand; a backhanded stroke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A turn or fold made in
bandaging, by which the direction of the bandage is
changed.</def>

<hw>Re*verse"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Reversed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Reversing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Reverse</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Revert</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary
direction; to cause to depart.</def>

<q>And that old dame said many an idle verse,
Out of her daughter's heart fond fancies to
<qex>reverse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to return; to recall.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>And to his fresh remembrance did <qex>reverse</qex>
The ugly view of his deformed crimes.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To change totally; to alter to the
opposite.</def>

<q><qex>Reverse</qex> the doom of death.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>She <qex>reversed</qex> the conduct of the celebrated vicar of
Bray.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To turn upside down; to invert.</def>

<q>A pyramid <qex>reversed</qex> may stand upon his point if
balanced by admirable skill.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, to overthrow; to subvert.</def>

<q>These can divide, and these <qex>reverse</qex>, the state.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>Custom . . . <qex>reverses</qex> even the distinctions of good
and evil.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To overthrow by a contrary
decision; to make void; to under or annual for error; <as>as, to
<ex>reverse</ex> a judgment, sentence, or decree</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reverse arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a position of
a soldier in which the piece passes between the right elbow and
the body at an angle of 45\'f8, and is held as in the
illustration.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To reverse an engine</col> <or/
<col>a machine</col></mcol>, <cd>to cause it to perform its
revolutions or action in the opposite direction.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To overturn; overset; invert; overthrow; subvert;
repeal; annul; revoke; undo.</syn>

<hw>Re*verse"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return;
to revert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become or be reversed.</def>

<hw>Re*versed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the
contrary; specifically <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>, sinistrorse
or sinistral; <as>as, a <ex>reversed</ex>, or sinistral, spiral
or shell</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Annulled and the contrary
substituted; <as>as, a <ex>reversed</ex> judgment or
decree</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Reversed positive</col> <or/
<col>negative</col></mcol> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>, <cd>a picture
corresponding with the original in light and shade, but reversed
as to right and left.</cd></cs>

<au>Abney.</au>

<hw>Re*vers"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
reversed way.</def>

<hw>Re*verse"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Irreversible.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>A. SEward.</au>

<hw>Re*verse"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reverse manner;
on the other hand; on the opposite.</def>

<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>

<hw>Re*vers"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reverses.</def>

<hw>Re*vers`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of being reversible.</def>

<au>Tyndall.</au>

<hw>Re*vers"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82versible</ets> revertible, reversionary.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being reversed; <as>as, a chair or
seat having a <ex>reversible</ex> back; a <ex>reversible</ex>
judgment or sentence</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on
both sides, so that either may be used; -- said of fabrics.</def>

<cs><col>Reversible lock</col>, <cd>a lock that may be applied to
a door opening in either direction, or hinged to either
jamb.</cd> -- <col>Reversible process</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Process</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*vers"i*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a reversible
manner.</def>

<hw>Re*vers"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving to effect
reversal, as of motion; capable of being reversed.</def>

<cs><col>Reversing engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine having a
reversing gear by means of which it can be made to run in either
direction at will.</cd> -- <col>Reversing gear</col>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>gear for reversing the direction of
rotation at will.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82version</ets>, L. <ets>reversio</ets> a turning back.
See <er>Revert</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
returning, or coming back; return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>After his <qex>reversion</qex> home, [he] was spoiled, also,
of all that he brought with him.</q>
<qau>Foxe.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which reverts or returns; residue.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The small <qex>reversion</qex> of this great navy which came
home might be looked upon by religious eyes as relics.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The returning of an esttate to
the grantor or his heirs, by operation of law, after the grant
has terminated; hence, the residue of an estate left in the
proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in possession, by
operation of law, after the termination of a limited or less
estate carved out of it and conveyed by him.</def>

<au>Kent.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, a right to future possession or
enjoiment; succession.</def>

<q>For even <qex>reversions</qex> are all begged before.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Annuities)</fld> <def>A payment which is not to
be received, or a benefit which does not begin, until the
happening of some event, as the death of a living person.</def>

<au>Brande &C.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A return towards some
ancestral type or character; atavism.</def>

<cs><col>Reversion of series</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>the act
of reverting a series. See <cref>To revert a series</cref>, under
<er>Revert</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></cd></cs>

<hw>Re*ver"sion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving
a reversion; to be enjoyed in succession, or after the
termination of a particular estate; <as>as, a
<ex>reversionary</ex> interest or right</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*ver"sion*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>That which is to be received in reversion.</def>

<hw>Re*ver"sion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who has a reversion, or who is entitled
to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is
terminated.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Re*ver"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A certain game at cards.</def>

<hw>Re*vert"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reverted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Reverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>revertere</ets>, <ets>reversum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>
re- + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn: cf. OF. <ets>revertir</ets>.
See <er>Verse</er>, and cf. <er>Reverse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse.</def>

<q>Till happy chance <qex>revert</qex> the cruel scence.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<q>The tumbling stream . . . 
<qex>Reverted</qex>, plays in undulating flow.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To change back. See
<er>Revert</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>

<cs><col>To revert a series</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>to treat
a series, as <mathex>y = a + bx + cx<exp>2</exp>  +
etc.</mathex>, where one variable <it>y<it> is expressed in
powers of a second variable <it>x<it>, so as to find therefrom
the second variable <it>x<it>, expressed in a series arranged in
powers of <it>y<it>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*vert"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return;
to come back.</def>

<q>So that my arrows
Would have <qex>reverted</qex> to my bow again.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To return to the proprietor
after the termination of a particular estate granted by
him.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To return, wholly or in part,
towards some pre\'89xistent form; to take on the traits or
characters of an ancestral type.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To change back, as from a
soluble to an insoluble state or the reverse; thus, phosphoric
acid in certain fertilizers <xex>reverts</xex>.</def>

<hw>Re*vert"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,
reverts.</def>

<q>An active promoter in making the East Saxons converts, or
rather <qex>reverts</qex>, to the faith.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Re*vert"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Turned back; reversed.
Specifically: <fld>(Her.)</fld> Bent or curved twice, in opposite
directions, or in the form of an
<universbold>S</universbold>.</def>

<hw>Re*vert"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy which restores the natural order
of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>E. Darwin.</au>

<hw>Re*vert"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, reverts.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Law) Reversion.</def>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<hw>Re*vert"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; <as>as, a
<ex>revertible</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*vert"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reverting,
or tending to revert; returning.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*vert"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<q>The tide <qex>revertive</qex>, unattracted, leaves
A yellow waste of idle sands behind.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>

<hw>Rev"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Reverie</er>.</def>

<hw>Re*vest"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF
<ets>reverstir</ets>, F. <ets>rev\'88tir</ets>, L.
<ets>revestire</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>vestire</ets> to clothe, fr. <ets>vestis</ets> a garment.
See <er>Vestry</er>, and cf. <er>Revet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe.</def>

<q>Her, nathless, . . . the enchanter<
id thus <qex>revest</qex> and decked with due habiliments.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To vest again with possession or office; <as>as,
to <ex>revest</ex> a magistrate with authority</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*vest"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take effect or vest
again, as a title; to revert to former owner; <as>as, the title
or right <ex>revels</ex> in A after alienation</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*ves"ti*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>revestiarium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>revestiaire</ets>. See
<er>Revest</er>.]</ety> <def>The apartment, in a church or
temple, where the vestments, etc., are kept; -- now contracted
into <xex>vestry</xex>.</def>

<hw>Re*ves"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Revestiary</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*vest"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Vesture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Rich<qex>revesture</qex> of cloth of gold.</q>
<qau>E. Hall.</qau>

<hw>Re*vet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revetted</er>;<pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Revetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Revetment</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil. & Civil Engineering)</fld>
<def>To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other
material.</def>

<hw>Re*vet"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rev\'88tment</ets> the lining of a dith, fr.
<ets>rev\'88tir</ets> to clothe, L. <ets>revestire</ets>. See
<er>Revest</er>,<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Fort. &
Engin.)</fld> <def>A facing of wood, stone, or any other
material, to sustain an embankment when it receives a slope
steeper than the natural slope; also, a retaining wall.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>rev\'88tement</asp> (<?/).]</altsp>

<hw>Re*vi"brate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
vibrate back or in return.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re`vi*bra"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*vict"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revincere</ets> to
conquer.]</ety> <def>To reconquer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Re*vic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>revivere</ets>, <ets>revictum</ets>, to live again; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vivere</ets> to live.]</ety>
<def>Return to life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Re*vict"ual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
victual again.</def>

<hw>Re*vie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To vie with, or rival, in return.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To meet a wager on, as
on the taking of a trick, with a higher wager.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Re*vie"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exceed an
adversary's wager in card playing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a retort; to bandy words.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*view"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Review<?/d</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reveiwing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- +
view</ets>. Cf. <er>Riview</er>, <pos>n.</pos> ]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To view or see again; to look back on</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdI shall <xex>review</xex> Sicilia.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go over and examine critically or
deliberately.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To
reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or a
book for a new edition</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To go over with
critical examination, in order to discover exellences or defects;
hence, to write a critical notice of; <as>as, to <ex>review</ex>
a new novel</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To make a formal or
official examination of the state of, as troops, and the like;
<as>as, to review a regiment</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To re\'89xamine judically; <as>as, a higher
court may <ex>review</ex> the proceedings and judgments of a
lower one</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To retrace; to go over again.</def>

<q>Shall I the long, laborious scene <qex>review</qex>?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<hw>Re*view"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To look back; to make a
review.</def>

<hw>Re*view"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>revue</ets>, fr.
<ets>revu</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revoir</ets> to see again, L.
<ets>revidere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>videre</ets>
to see. See <er>View</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>.
<er>Revise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A second or repeated
view; a re\'89xamination; a retrospective survey; a looking over
again; <as>as, a <ex>review</ex> of one's studies; a
<ex>review</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An examination with a view to amendment or
improvement; revision; <as>as, an author's <ex>review</ex> of his
works</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A critical examination of a publication, with
remarks; a criticism; a critique.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A periodical containing critical essays upon
matters of interest, as new productions in literature, art,
etc.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a
naval force, by a high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining
the state of discipline, equipments, etc.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The judicial examination of the
proceedings of a lower court by a higher.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>A lesson studied or recited for a second
time.</def>

<cs><col>Bill of review</col> <fld>(Equity)</fld>, <cd>a bill, in
the nature of proceedings in error, filed to procure an
examination and alteration or reversal of a final decree which
has been duly signed and enrolled. <au>Wharton</au>.</cd> --
<col>Commission of review</col> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld>,
<cd>a commission formerly granted by the crown to revise the
sentence of the court of delegates.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Re\'89xamination; resurvey; retrospect; survey;
reconsideration; revisal; revise; revision.</syn>

<hw>Re*view"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being reviewed.</def>

<hw>Re*view"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
review.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Southey.</au>

<hw>Re*view"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reviews or re\'89xamines; an inspector; one who examines
publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their
merits; a professional critic of books.</def>

<hw>Re*vig"or*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>revigoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revigorare</ets>; L.
<ets>re-</ets> + <ets>vigor</ets> vigor.]</ety> <def>Having new
vigor or strength; invigorated anew.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Southey.</au>

<hw>Re*vig"or*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
give new vigor to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*vile"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Reviled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reviling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + OF.
<ets>aviler</ets> to make vile, depreciate, F. <ets>avilir</ets>;
\'85 (L. <ets>ad</ets>.) + <ets>vil</ets> vile. See
<er>Vile</er>.]</ety> <def>To address or abuse with opprobrious
and contemptuous language; to reproach.</def> \'bdAnd did not she
herself <xex>revile</xex> me there?\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Who, when he was <qex>reviled</qex>, <qex>reviled</qex> not
again.</q>
<qau>1 Pet. ii. 23.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To reproach; vilify; upbraid; calumniate.</syn>

<hw>Re*vile"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reproach; reviling.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The gracious Judge, without <qex>revile</qex>, replied.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*vile"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach; abuse.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Re*vil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
reviles.</def>

<au>1. Cor. vi. 10.</au>

<hw>Re*vil"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Reproach; abuse;
vilification.</def>

<q>Neither be ye afraid of their <qex>revilings</qex>.</q>
<qau>Isa. li. 7.</qau>

<hw>Re*vil"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Uttering reproaches;
containing reproaches.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*vil"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*vince"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Revict</er>.]</ety> <def>To overcome; to refute, as
error.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<hw>Re*vin"di*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + vindicate</ets>. Cf. <er>Revindicate</er>,
<er>Revenge</er>.]</ety> <def>To vindicate again; to reclaim; to
demand and take back.</def>

<au>Mitford.</au>

<hw>Rev`i*res"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revirescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>revirescere</ets> to grow
green again.]</ety> <def>A growing green or fresh again; renewal
of youth or vigor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Re*vis"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>That may be
revised.</def>

<hw>Re*vis"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Revise</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of revising, or reviewing
and re\'89xamining for correction and improvement; revision;
<as>as, the <ex>revisal</ex> of a manuscript; the
<ex>revisal</ex> of a proof sheet; the <ex>revisal</ex> of a
treaty.</as></def>

<hw>Re*vise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>  
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revised</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Revising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>reviser</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>revidere</ets>, <ets>revisum</ets>, to see again; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>videre</ets>, <ets>visum</ets>, tosee.
See <er>Review</er>, <er>View</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
look at again for the detection of errors; to re\'89xamine; to
review; to look over with care for correction; <as>as, to
<ex>revise</ex> a writing; to <ex>revise</ex> a
translation.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To compare (a proof) with a
previous proof of the same matter, and mark again such errors as
have not been corrected in the type.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To review, alter, and amend; <as>as, to
<ex>revise</ex> statutes; to <ex>revise</ex> an agreement; to
<ex>revise</ex> a dictionary.</as></def>

<cs><col>The Revised Version of the Bible</col>, <cd>a version
prepared in accordance with a resolution passed, in 1870, by both
houses of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury, England.
Both English and American revisers were employed on the work. It
was first published in a complete form in 1885, and is a revised
form of the Authorized Version. See <cref>Authorized
Version</cref>, under <er>Authorized</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*vise"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A review; a
revision.</def>

<au>Boyle.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A second proof sheet; a
proof sheet taken after the first or a subsequent
correction.</def>

<hw>Re*vis"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
revises.</def>

<hw>Re*vi"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82vision</ets>, L. revisio.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of revising; re\'89xamination for correction; review; <as>as,
the <ex>revision</ex> of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet;
a <ex>revision</ex> of statutes.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is made by revising.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Re\'89xamination; revisal; revise; review.</syn>

<mhw>{ <hw>Re*vi"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Re*vi"sion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to revision; revisory.</def>

<-- p. 1235 -->

<hw>Re*vis"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To visit again.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To revise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Ld. Berners.</au>

<hw>Re*vis`it*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of revisiting.</def>

<hw>Re*vi"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
power or purpose to revise; revising.</def>

<au>Story.</au>

<hw>Re*vi"tal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
restore vitality to; to bring back to life.</def>

<au>L. S. Beale.</au>

<hw>Re*viv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may
be revived.</def>

<hw>Re*viv"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Revive</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of reviving, or the state of
being revived.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Renewed
attention to something, as to letters or literature</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Renewed performance of, or interest in,
something, as the drama and literature</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and
decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious
interest</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Reanimation from a state of
langour or depression; -- applied to the health, spirits, and the
like</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or
flourishing state of something, as of commerce, arts,
agriculture</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>Renewed prevalence of
something, as a practice or a fashion</def>. <sd>(g)</sd>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Restoration of force, validity, or effect;
renewal; <as>as, the <ex>revival</ex> of a debt barred by
limitation; the <ex>revival</ex> of a revoked will,
etc.</as></def> <sd>(h)</sd> <def>Revivification, as of a metal.
See <er>Revivification</er>, 2.</def>

<hw>Re*viv"al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists.</def>

<hw>Re*viv"al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A clergyman or layman
who promotes revivals of religion; an advocate for religious
revivals; sometimes, specifically, a clergyman, without a
particular charge, who goes about to promote revivals. Also used
adjectively.</def>

<hw>Re*viv`al*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to revivals.</def>

<hw>Re*vive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>  
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revived</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Reviving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>revivere</ets>, L.
<ets>revivere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vivere</ets>
to live. See <er>Vivid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To return to
life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become
reanimated or reinvigorated.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child
came into again, and he <qex>revived</qex>.</q>
<qau>1 Kings xvii. 22.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion,
obscurity, neglect, or depression; <as>as, classical learning
<ex>revived</ex> in the fifteenth century</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>To recover its natural or
metallic state, as a metal.</def>

<hw>Re*vive"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>reviver</ets>. See <er>Revive</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To restore, or bring again to life; to
reanimate.</def>

<q>Those bodies, by reason of whose mortality we died, shall be
<qex>revived</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Pearson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To raise from coma,, languor, depression, or
discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension.</def>

<q>Those gracious words <qex>revive</qex> my drooping
thoughts.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Your coming, friends, <qex>revives</qex> me.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or
disuse; <as>as, to <ex>revive</ex> letters or
learning</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to
recollection; to recall attention to; to reawaken.</def>
\'bd<xex>Revive</xex> the libels born to die.\'b8

<au>Swift.</au>

<q>The mind has a power in many cases to <qex>revive</qex>
perceptions which it has once had.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>To restore or reduce to
its natural or metallic state; <as>as, to <ex>revive</ex> a metal
after calcination</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*vive"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Revival.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*viv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, revives.</def>

<hw>Re`vi*vif"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + vivificate</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>revivificare</ets>, <ets>revivificatum</ets>. Cf.
<er>Revivify</er>.]</ety> <def>To revive; to recall or restore to
life.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*viv`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82vivification</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of recaling,
or the state of being recalled, to life.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>The reduction of a metal
from a state of combination to its metallic state.</def>

<hw>Re*viv"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82vivifier</ets>, L. <ets>revivificare</ets>. See
<er>Vivify</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to revive.</def>

<q>Some association may <qex>revivify</qex> it enough to make it
flash, after a long oblivion, into consciousness.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<hw>Re*viv"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>
<def>Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating.</def>
<au>Milton</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*viv"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rev`i*vis"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Rev`*vis"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal
of life.</def>

<q>In this age we have a sort of <qex>reviviscence</qex>, not, I
fear, of the power, but of a taste for the power, of the early
times.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<hw>Rev`i*vis"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>reviviscens</ets>, p. pr. of<ets>reviviscere</ets> to
revive; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>viviscere</ets>, v.
incho. fr. <ets>vivere</ets> to live.]</ety> <def>Able or
disposed to revive; reviving.</def>

<au>E. Darwin.</au>

<hw>Re*viv"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.
Law)</fld> <def>Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or
marriage of any of the parties, -- done by a bill of
<xex>revivor</xex>.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of being revocable; <as>as, the <ex>revocability</ex> of
a law</as>.</def>

<hw>Rev"o*ca*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revocabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82vocable</ets>. See
<er>Revoke</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being revoked; <as>as, a
<ex>revocable</ex> edict or grant; a <ex>revocable</ex>
covenant.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rev"o*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Rev"o*ca*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rev"o*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revocare</ets>. See
<er>Revoke</er>.]</ety> <def>To recall; to call back</def>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rev`o*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82vocation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of calling back, or the state of being
recalled; recall.</def>

<q>One that saw the people bent for the <qex>revocation</qex> of
Calvin, gave him notice of their affection.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act by which one, having the right, annuls
an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or
benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; <as>as, the
<ex>revocation</ex> of an edict, a power, a will, or a
license</as>.</def>

<hw>Rev"o**ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revocatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82vocatoire</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a
revocation; revoking; recalling.</def>

<hw>Re*voice"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as to
restore its tone.</def>

<hw>Re*voke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revoked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Revoking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82voquer</ets>,
L. <ets>revocare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>vocare</ets> to call, fr. <ets>vox</ets>, <ets>vocis</ets>,
voice. See <er>Voice</er>, and cf. <er>Revocate</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To call or bring back; to recall.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The faint sprite he did <qex>revoke</qex> again,
To her frail mansion of morality.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to
repeal; to rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by
a special act; <as>as, , to <ex>revoke</ex> a will, a license, a
grant, a permission, a law, or the like</as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hold back; to repress; to restrain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>[She] still strove their sudden rages to
<qex>revoke</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To draw back; to withdraw.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To call back to mind; to recollect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>A man, by <qex>revoking</qex> and recollecting within himself
former passages, will be still apt to inculcate these sad memoris
to his conscience.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; recall; repeal; rescind; countermand;
annul; abrogate; cancel; reverse. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*voke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Card
Playing)</fld> <def>To fail to follow suit when holding a card of
the suit led, in violation of the rule of the game; to
renege.</def>

<au>Hoyle.</au>

<hw>Re*voke"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>
<def>The act of revoking.</def>

<q>She [Sarah Battle] never made a <qex>revoke</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lamb.</qau>

<hw>Re*voke"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Revocation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Re*vok"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
revokes.</def>

<hw>Re*vok"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of
revocation.</def>

<hw>Re*volt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revolted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Revolting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82voller</ets>, It. <ets>rivoltare</ets>. See
<er>Revolt</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn
away; to abandon or reject something; specifically, to turn away,
or shrink, with abhorrence.</def>

<q>But this got by casting pearl to hogs,
That bawl for freedom in their senseless mood,
And still <qex>revolt</qex> when trith would set them free.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>HIs clear intelligence <qex>revolted</qex> from the dominant
sophisms of that time.</q>
<qau>J. Morley.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or
leader for another; especially, to renounce allegiance or
subjection; to rise against a government; to rebel.</def>

<q>Our discontented counties do <qex>revolt</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Plant those that have <qex>revolted</qex> in the van.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended;
hence, to feel nausea; -- with <xex>at</xex>; <as>as, the stomach
<ex>revolts</ex> at such food; his nature <ex>revolts</ex> at
cruelty.</as></def>

<hw>Re*volt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To do violence to; to cause to turn away or
shrink with abhorrence; to shock; <as>as, to <ex>revolt</ex> the
feelings</as>.</def>

<q>This abominable medley is made rather to <qex>revolt</qex>
young and ingenuous minds.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<q>To derive delight from what inflicts pain on any sentient
creatuure <qex>revolted</qex> his conscience and offended his
reason.</q>
<qau>J. Morley.</qau>

<hw>Re*volt"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82volte</ets>,
It. <ets>rivolta</ets>, fr. <ets>rivolto</ets>, p. p. fr. L.
<ets>revolvere</ets>, <ets>revolutum</ets>. See
<er>Revolve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of revolting;
an uprising against legitimate authority; especially, a
renunciation of allegiance and subjection to a government;
rebellion; <as>as, the <ex>revolt</ex> of a province of the Roman
empire</as>.</def>

<q>Who first seduced them to that foul <qex>revolt</qex>?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A revolter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdIngrate <xex>revolts</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; rebellion; mutiny. See
<er>Insurrection</er>.</syn>

<hw>Re*volt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
revolts.</def>

<hw>Re*volt"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing abhorrence mixed
with disgust; exciting extreme repugnance; loathsome; <as>as,
<ex>revolting</ex> cruelty</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Re*volt"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rev"o*lu*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revolubilis</ets> that may be rolled back. See
<er>Revolve</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of revolving; rotatory;
revolving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Us, then, to whom the thrice three year
Hath filled his <qex>revoluble</qex> orb since our arrival here,
I blame not.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<hw>Rev"o*lute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revolutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revolvere</ets>. See
<er>Revolve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Rolled
backward or downward.</def>

<note><hand/ A <xex>revolute</xex> leaf is coiled downwards, with
the lower surface inside the coil. A leaf with
<xex>revolute</xex> margins has the edges rolled under, as in the
<xex>Andromeda polifilia</xex>.</note>

<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82volution</ets>, L.  <ets>revolutio</ets>. See
<er>Revolve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of revolving,
or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body
round a fixed point or line; rotation; <as>as, the
<ex>revolution</ex> of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its
axis, etc.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Return to a point before occupied, or to a point
relatively the same; a rolling back; return; <as>as,
<ex>revolution</ex> in an ellipse or spiral</as>.</def>

<q>That fear
Comes thundering back, with dreadful <qex>revolution</qex>,
On my defenseless head.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The space measured by the regular return of a
revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a
measure of time, or by a succession of similar events.</def>
\'bdThe short <xex>revolution</xex> of a day.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The motion of any body, as
a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it
returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the
same; -- designated as the <xex>annual</xex>,
<xex>anomalistic</xex>, <xex>nodical</xex>, <xex>sidereal</xex>,
or <xex>tropical revolution</xex>, according as the point of
return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the
anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; <as>as, the
<ex>revolution</ex> of the earth about the sun; the
<ex>revolution</ex> of the moon about the earth.</as></def>

<note><hand/ The term is sometimes applied in astronomy to the
motion of a single body, as a planet, about its own axis, but
this motion is usually called <xex>rotation</xex>.</note>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The motion of a point, line,
or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a
manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a
surface (called a <xex>surface of revolution</xex>), and a moving
surface a solid (called a <xex>solid of revolution</xex>);
<as>as, the <ex>revolution</ex> of a right-angled triangle about
one of its sides generates a cone; the <ex>revolution</ex> of a
semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere.</as></def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A total or radical change; <as>as, a
<ex>revolution</ex> in one's circumstances or way of
living</as>.</def>

<q>The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily produced a
complete <qex>revolution</qex> throughout the department.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>A fundamental change in
political organization, or in a government or constitution; the
overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution
of another, by the governed.</def>

<q>The violence of <qex>revolutions</qex> is generally
proportioned to the degree of the maladministration which has
produced them.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<note><hand/ When used without qualifying terms, the word is
often applied specifically, by way of eminence, to:
(<xex>a</xex>) The English <xex>Revolution</xex> in 1689, when
William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns, in
place of James II. (<xex>b</xex>) The American
<xex>Revolution</xex>, beginning in 1775, by which the English
colonies, since known as the United States, secured their
independence. (<xex>c</xex>) The <xex>revolution</xex> in France
in 1789, commonly called <xex>the French Revolution</xex>, the
subsequent revolutions in that country being designated by their
dates, as the <xex>Revolution</xex> of 1830, of 1848, etc.</note>

<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>r\'82volutionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution;
<as>as, <ex>revolutionary</ex> war; <ex>revolutionary</ex>
measures; <ex>revolutionary</ex> agitators</as>.</def>

<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
revolutionist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a
<qex>revolutionary</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>

<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist.</def>

<au>Smollett.</au>

<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or
principles.</def>

<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One engaged in
effecting a change of government; a favorer of revolution.</def>

<au>Burke.</au>

<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Revolutioniezed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Revolutionizing</er><pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To change
completely, as by a revolution; <as>as, to <ex>revolutionize</ex>
a government</as>.</def>

<au>Ames.</au>

<q>The gospel . . . has <qex>revolutionized</qex> his soul.</q>
<qau>J. M. Mason.</qau>

<hw>Re*vol"u*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined
to revolve things in the mind; meditative.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Feltham.</au>

<hw>Re*volv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may
be revolved.</def>

<hw>Re*volve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>
<er>Revolved</er><pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Revolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>revolvere</ets>,
<ets>revolutum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>volvere</ets> to roll, turn round. See <er>Voluble</er>, and
cf. <er>Revolt</er>, <er>revolution</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel;
to rotate, -- which is the more specific word in this
sense.</def>

<q>If the earth <qex>revolve</qex> thus, each house pear the
equator must move a thousand miles an hour.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move in a curved path round a center; <as>as,
the planets <ex>revolve</ex> round the sun</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass in cycles; <as>as, the centuries
<ex>revolve</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To return; to pass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Ayliffe.</au>

<hw>Re*volve"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
turn, as on an axis.</def>

<q>Then in the east her turn she shines,
<qex>Revolved</qex> on heaven's great axile.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to
reflect repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of.</def>

<q>This having heard, straight I again <qex>revolved</qex>
The law and prophets.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Re*volve"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of
revolving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*volv"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
or state of revolving; revolution.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>Its own <qex>revolvency</qex> upholds the world.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<hw>Re*volv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>One who, or
that which, revolves; specifically, a firearm ( commonly a
pistol) with several chambers or barrels so arranged as to
revolve on an axis, and be discharged in succession by the same
lock; a repeater.</def>

<hw>Re*volv"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making a revolution or
revolutions; rotating; -- used also figuratively of time,
seasons, etc., depending on the revolution of the earth.</def>

<q>But grief returns with the <qex>revolving</qex> year.</q>
<qau>Shelley.</qau>

<q><qex>Revolving</qex> seasons, fruitless as they pass.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<cs><col>Revolving firearm</col>. <cd>See <er>Revolver</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Revolving light</col>, <cd>a light or lamp in a
lighthouse so arranged as to appear and disappear at fixed
intervals, either by being turned about an axis so as to show
light only at intervals, or by having its light occasionally
intercepted by a revolving screen.</cd></cs>

<hw>Re*vulse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>revulsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revellere</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To pull back with force.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<hw>Re*vul"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>r\'82vulsion</ets>, L. <ets>revulsio</ets>, fr.
<ets>revellere</ets>, <ets>revulsum</ets>, to pluck or pull away;
pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vellere</ets> to pull. Cf.
<er>Convulse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A strong pulling or
drawing back; withdrawal.</def> \'bd<xex>Revulsions</xex> and
pullbacks.\'b8

<au>SSir T. Brovne.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change;
-- applied to the feelings.</def>

<q>A sudden and violent <qex>revulsion</qex> of feeling, both in
the Parliament and the country, followed.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of turning or
diverting any disease from one part of the body to another. It
resembles <xex>derivation</xex>, but is usually applied to a more
active form of counter irritation.</def>

<hw>Re*vul"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>r\'82vulsif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or tending to,
revulsion.</def>

<hw>Re*vul"sive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which causes
revulsion; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, a revulsive remedy or
agent.</def>

<hw>Rew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Row</er> a
series.]</ety> <def>A row.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdA <xex>rew</xex> of sundry colored
stones.\'b8

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Re*wake""</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
wake again.</def>

<-- p. 1236 -->

<hw>Re*ward"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rewarded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rewarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>rewarder</ets>, another form of <ets>regarder</ets>, of
German origin. The original sense is, to look at, regard, hence,
to regard as worthy, give a reward to. See <er>Ward</er>,
<er>Regard</er>.]</ety> <def>To give in return, whether good or
evil; -- commonly in a good sense; to requite; to recompense; to
repay; to compensate.</def>

<q>After the deed that is done, one doom shall <qex>reward</qex>,
Mercy or no mercy as truth will accord.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>

<q>Thou hast <qex>rewarded</qex> me good, whereas I have
<qex>rewarded</qex> thee evil.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xxiv. 17.</qau>

<q>I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will
<qex>reward</qex> them that hate me.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxxii. 41.</qau>

<q>God <qex>rewards</qex> those that have made use of the single
talent.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>

<hw>Re*ward"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reward</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, and cf. <er>Regard</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Regard; respect;
consideration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Take <qex>reward</qex> of thine own value.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is given in return for good or evil
done or received; esp., that which is offered or given in return
for some service or attainment, as for excellence in studies, for
the return of something lost, etc.; recompense; requital.</def>

<q>Thou returnest
From flight, seditious angel, to receive
Thy merited <qex>reward</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q><qex>Rewards</qex> and punishments do always presuppose
something willingly done well or ill.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works.</def>

<q>The dead know not anything, neither have they any more a
<qex>reward</qex>.</q>
<qau>Eccl. ix. 5.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Compensation or remuneration
for services; a sum of money paid or taken for doing, or
forbearing to do, some act.</def>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Recompense; compensation; remuneration; pay;
requital; retribution; punishment.</syn>

<hw>Re*ward"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worthy of
reward.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ward"a*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Re*ward"a*bly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Re*ward"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rewards.</def>

<hw>Re*ward"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Yielding
reward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Re*ward"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having, or affording,
no reward.</def>

<hw>Rewe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>Tu
rue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rew"el bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Perh. from F.
<ets>rouelle</ets>, dim. of <ets>roue</ets> a wheel, L.
<ets>rota</ets>.]</ety> <def>An obsolete phrase of disputed
meaning, -- perhaps, smooth or polished bone.</def>

<q>His saddle was of <qex>rewel boon</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rew"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rouet</er>.]</ety> <def>A gunlock.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rew"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rueful.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Re*win"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To win
again, or win back.</def>

<q>The Palatinate was not worth the <qex>rewinning</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Rewle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>Rule.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rewme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Realm.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<hw>Re*word"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To repeat in the same words; to re\'89cho.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To alter the wording of; to restate in other
words; <as>as, to <ex>reword</ex> an idea or a
passage</as>.</def>

<hw>Re*write"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To write
again.</def>

<au>Young.</au>

<hw>Rewth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ruth.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Rex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Reges</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A
king.</def>

<cs><col>To play rex</col>, <cd>to play the king; to domineer.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hw>Reyn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rain or
rein.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rey"nard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An appelation
applied after the manner of a proper name to the fox. Same as
<er>Renard</er>.</def>

<hw>Reyse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
raise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Reyse</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>reisen</ets>
to travel.]</ety> <def>To go on a military expedition.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rha*bar"ba*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
NL. <ets>rhabarbarum</ets>, an old name of rhubarb. See
<er>Rhubarb</er>.]</ety> <def>Impregnated or tinctured with
rhubarb.</def>

<au>Floyer.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rha*bar"ba*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>Rha*bar"ba*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Chrysophanic acid.</def>

<hw>Rhab"dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute smooth rodlike or fusiform
structure found in the tissues of many Turbellaria.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the hard parts
forming the ovipositor of insects.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhab`do*c\'d2"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <?/<?/<?/
hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of
Turbellaria including those that have a simple cylindrical, or
saclike, stomach, without an intestine.</def>

<hw>Rhab`do*c\'d2"lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Rhabdoc\'d2la.</def>

<hw>Rhab*doid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sagittal</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhab"do*lith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
minute calcareous rodlike structure found both at the surface and
the bottom of the ocean; -- supposed by some to be a calcareous
alga.</def>

<hw>Rhab*dol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rabdology</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhab"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
a bundle of rods, fr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous minute rodlike
structures formed of two or more cells situated behind the
retinul\'91 in the compound eyes of insects, etc. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Ommatidium</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhab"do*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rabdomancy</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhab"do*mere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhabdom</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the several parts composing a
rhabdom.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhab*doph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <?/<?/<?/ to
bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct division of
Hydrozoa which includes the graptolities.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhab`do*pleu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <?/<?/<?/<?/ the
side.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine Bryozoa
in which the tubular cells have a centralchitinous axis and the
tentacles are borne on a bilobed lophophore. It is the type of
the order Pterobranchia, or Podostomata</def>

<hw>Rhab"do*sphere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
minute sphere composed of rhabdoliths.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rha`chi*al"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Rachialgia</er>.</def>

<hw>Rha*chid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the rhachis; <as>as, the <ex>rhachidian</ex> teeth
of a mollusk</as>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhach`i*glos"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Rhachis</er>, and <er>Glossa</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of marine gastropods having
a retractile proboscis and three longitudinal rows of teeth on
the radula. It includes many of the large ornamental shells, as
the miters, murices, olives, purpuras, volutes, and whelks. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. in Append.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rha*chil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk> the spine.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the
florets are arranged in the spikelets of grasses.</def>

<hw>Rha"chi*o*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ra`chis</grk>, <grk>-ios</grk>, the spine + <?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having
gular teeth formed by a peculiar modification of the inferior
spines of some of the vertebr\'91, as certain South African
snakes (<spn>Dasypelits</spn>) which swallow birds' eggs and use
these gular teeth to crush them.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rha"chis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Rhachises</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Rhachides</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Rachis</er>.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>rechis</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spine.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The continued
stem or midrib of a pinnately compound leaf, as in a rose leaf or
a fern.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The principal axis in a raceme,
spike, panicle, or corymb.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The shaft of
a feather. The rhachis of the after-shaft, or plumule, is called
the <xex>hyporhachis</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The central
cord in the stem of a crinoid.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The median
part of the radula of a mollusk.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A
central cord of the ovary of nematodes.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rha*chi"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Rachitis</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhad`a*man"thine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; <as>as, a
<ex>Rhadamanthine</ex> judgment</as>.</def>

<hw>Rhag`a*man"thus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Mythol.)</fld> <def>One of
the three judges of the internal regions; figuratively, a
strictly just judge.</def>

<hw>Rh<?/"ti*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a & n.</pos>
<def>Rhetain.</def>

<hw>Rh<?/"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Rhaeticus</ets> Rhetain.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>Pertining to, or of the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic
strata of the Rhetain Alps. These strata are regarded as closing
the Triassic period. See the <xex>Chart</xex> of
<er>Geology</er>.</def>

<hw>Rh<?/"ti*zite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So
called from L. <ets>Rhaetia</ets>, <ets>Raetia</ets>, the Rhetain
Alps, where it is found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety
of the mineral cyanite.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rham`a*dan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ramadan</er>.</def>

<hw>Rham*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of
shrubs and trees (<spn>Rhamnace\'91</spn>, or
<spn>Rhamne\'91</spn>) of which the buckthorn
(<spn>Rhamnus</spn>) is the type. It includes also the New Jersey
tea, the supple-jack, and one of the plants called lotus
(<spn>Zizyphus</spn>).</def>

<hw>\'d8Rham"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a kind of prickly shrub; cf. L.
<ets>rhamnos</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of
shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The California <spn>Rhamnus
Purchianus</spn> and the European <spn>R. catharticus</spn> are
used in medicine. The latter is used for hedges.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rham`pho*rhyn"chus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a beak + <?/<?/<?/<?/
snout.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of pterodactyls
in which the elongated tail supported a leathery expansion at the
tip.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rham`pho*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Rhamphothec\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr <?/<?/<?/ a beak + <?/<?/ a case.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horny covering of the bill of
birds.</def>

<hw>Rha"phe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ seam, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to sew. ]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an
anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>raphe</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Gray.</au>

<hw>\'d8Rhaph"i*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a needle, F.
<ets>raphides</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Minute
transparent, often needlle-shaped, crystals found in the tissues
of plants.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>raphides</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rha*pon"ti*cine</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rhaponticum</ets> rhubarb. See <er>Rhubarb</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Chrysophanic acid.

<hw>Rhap"sode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Rhapsody</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.
Antiq.)</fld> <def>A rhapsodist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Grote.</au>

<hw>Rhap"so*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rhapsodist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rhap*sod"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rhap*sod"ic</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F.
<ets>rhapsodique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to rhapsody;
consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rhap*sod"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rhap"so*dist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rhapsody</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anciently, one who
recited or composed a rhapsody; especially, one whose profession
was to recite the verses of Hormer and other epic poets.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a
livelihood; one who makes and repeats verses extempore.</def>

<q>The same populace sit for hours listening to
<qex>rhapsodists</qex> who recite Ariosto.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with
great excitement or affectation of feeling.</def>

<au>I. Watts.</au>

<hw>Rhap"so*dize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rhapsodized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rhapsodizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To utter as a rhapsody,
or in the manner of a rhapsody</def>

<au>Sterne.</au>

<hw>Rhap"so*dize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To utter
rhapsodies.</def>

<au>Jefferson.</au>

<hw>Rhap"so*do*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhapsody</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Divination by means of verses.</def>

<hw>Rhap"so*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rhapsodies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>rhapsodie</ets>, L.  <ets>rhapsodia</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/,
fr. <?/<?/<?/ a rhapsodist; <?/<?/<?/<?/ to sew, stith together,
unite + <?/<?/<?/ a song. See <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic
poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time;
hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; -- called also a
<altname>book</altname>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disconnected series of sentences or statements
composed under excitement, and without dependence or natural
connection; rambling composition.</def> \'bdA <xex>rhapsody</xex>
of words.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdA <xex>rhapsody</xex> of
tales.\'b8

<au>Locke.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition irregular in
form, like an improvisation; <as>as, Liszt's \'bdHungarian
<ex>Rhapsodies</ex></as>.\'b8</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rhat"a*ny</hw>, <hw>Rhat"an*hy</hw>  }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>ratania</ets>,
<ets>rata\'a4a</ets>, Peruv. <ets>rata\'a4a</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian
plant (<spn>Krameria triandra</spn>). It is used in medicine and
to color port wine.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>ratany</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Savanilla rhatany</col>, <cd>the root of <spn>Krameria
Ixina</spn>, a native of New Granada.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rhe"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See <cref>Grass-cloth
plant</cref>, under <er>Grass</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhe"a</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a proper name.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of three species of large
South American ostrichlike birds of the genera <spn>Rhea</spn>
and <spn>Pterocnemia</spn>. Called also the <altname>American
ostrich</altname>.</def>

<note><hand/ The common rhea, or nandou (<spn>Rhea
Americana</spn>), ranges from Brazil to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea
(<spn>Pterocnemia Darwinii</spn>), of Patagonia, is smaller, and
has the legs feathered below the knee.</note>

<hw>\'d8Rhe"\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of
struthious birds including the rheas.</def>

<hw>Rhee"boc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>reebok</ets> roebuck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
peele.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reebok</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rhe"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Rheum</ets> rhubarb, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ See
<er>Rhubarb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid (commonly called chrysophanic acid) found
in rhubarb (<spn>Rheum</spn>).</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<hw>Rhe"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Chrysophanic acid.</def>

<hw>Rhein"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>rheinbeere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the
berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also, the buckthorn
itself.</def>

<hw>Rhe*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ of or for a verb, fr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a
sentence. See <er>Rhetoric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>
<def>Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; <as>as,
<ex>rhematic</ex> adjectives</as>.</def>

<au>Ftzed. Hall.</au>

<hw>Rhe*mat"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The doctrine of
propositions or sentences.</def>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Rhemish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France.</def>

<cs><col>Rhemish Testament</col>, <cd>the English version of the
New Testament used by Roman Catholics. See <er>Douay
Bible</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rhen"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Rhenus</ets> the Rhine. ]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the
river Rhine; <as>as, <ex>Rhenish</ex> wine</as>.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Rhine wine.</def></def2>

<hw>Rhe"o*chord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ to flow + <?/<?/<?/ chord.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>
<def>A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a
circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by
inserting a greater or less length of it in the circuit.</def>

<hw>Rhe*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ to flow + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>reometer</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring currents,
especially the force or intensity of electrical currents; a
galvanometer.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for
measuring the velocity of the blood current in the
arteries.</def>

<hw>Rhe`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry.</def>

<au>Lardner.</au>

<hw>Rhe*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The measurement of the force or intensity of currents.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The calculus; fluxions.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rhe"o*mo`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ to flow + E. <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Any apparatus by which an electrical
current is originated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rhe"o*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ to flow + <?/<?/<?/ to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic
apparatus, traversed by a current.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of
the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode.</def>

<hw>Rhe"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ to flow + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for detecting the
presence or movement of currents, as of electricity.</def>

<hw>Rhe"o*stat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ + <?/<?/<?/ standing still.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>
<def>A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of
electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of
resistance which can be varied at will.</def>
<au>Wheatstone</au>. --<wordforms><wf>Rhe`o*stat"ic</wf>
<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rhe"o*tome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ to flow + <?/<?/<?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>
<def>An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an
electric current.</def>

<au>Wheatstone.</au>

<hw>Rhe"o*trope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ to flow + <?/<?/<?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>
<def>An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric
current.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reotrope</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>\'d8Rhe"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Rhesus</ets>, a proper name, Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A monkey; the bhunder.</def>

<-- p. 1237 -->

<hw>Rhe"ti*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Rhaetius</ets>, <ets>Raetius</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rh\'82tien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the ancient
Rh\'91ti, or Rh\'91tians, or to Rh\'91tia, their country; <as>as,
the <ex>Rhetian</ex> Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the
Grisons</as>.</def>

<hw>Rhe"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Rh\'91tic</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhe"ti*zite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rh\'91tizite</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhe"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A rhetorician.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Hammond.</au>

<hw>Rhet"o*ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rh\'82torique</ets>, L. <ets>rhetorica</ets>, Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/), fr. <?/<?/<?/ rhetorical,
oratorical, fr. <?/<?/<?/ orator, rhetorician; perhaps akin to E.
<ets>word</ets>; cf. <?/<?/<?/ to say.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The art of composition; especially, elegant composition in
prose.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety,
elegance, and force.</def>

<au>Locke.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or
declamation without conviction or earnest feeling.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction;
that which allures or charms.</def>

<q>Sweet, silent <qex>rhetoric</qex> of persuading eyes.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>

<hw>Rhe*tor"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rhetoricus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See
<er>Rhetoric</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to rhetoric;
according to, or exhibiting, rhetoric; oratorical; <as>as, the
<ex>rhetorical</ex> art; a <ex>rhetorical</ex> treatise; a
<ex>rhetorical</ex> flourish.</as></def>

<q>They permit him to leave their poetical taste ungratified,
provided that he gratifies their <qex>rhetorical</qex> sense.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rhe*tor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rhe*tor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rhe*tor"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rhetoricari</ets>. See <er>Rhetoric</er>.]</ety> <def>To
play the orator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>South.</au>

<hw>Rhe*tor`i*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>rh\'82torication</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rhetorical
amplification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Waterland.</au>

<hw>Rhet`o*ri"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rh\'82toricien</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One well
versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric.</def>

<q>The understanding is that by which a man becomes a mere
logician and a mere <qex>rhetorician</qex>.</q>
<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A teacher of rhetoric.</def>

<q>The ancient sophists and <qex>rhetoricians</qex>, which ever
had young auditors, lived till they were an hundred years
old.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An orator; specifically, an artificial orator
without genuine eloquence; a declaimer.</def>

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<hw>Rhet`o*ri"cian</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable to a master
of rhetoric.</def> \'bdWith <xex>rhetorician</xex> pride.\'b8

<au>Blackmore.</au>

<hw>Rhet"o*riz<?/</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rhetorized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rhetorizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To play the orator.</def>

<au>Colgrave.</au>

<hw>Rhet"o*rize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To represent by a
figure of rhetoric, or by personification.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>\'d8Rhe"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from
L. <ets>Rha</ets> the river Volga, on the banks of which it
grows. See <er>Rhubarb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
genus of plants. See <er>Rhubarb</er>.</def>

<hw>Rheum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>reume</ets>, <ets>rheume</ets>, F. <ets>rhume</ets> a cold,,
L. <ets>rheuma</ets> rheum, from Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to
flow, akin to E. <ets>stream</ets>. See <er>Stream</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Hemorrhoids</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A serous or mucous discharge, especially
one from the eves or nose.</def>

<q>I have a <qex>rheum</qex> in mine eyes too.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<cs><col>Salt rheum</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Salt
rheum</er>, in the Vocab.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rheu*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ subject to a discharge or flux: cf. L.
<ets>rheumaticus</ets>, F. <ets>rhumatique</ets>. See
<er>Rheum</er>, <er>Rheumatism</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Derived from, or having the character of, rheum;
rheumic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
rheumatism; <as>as, <ex>rheumatic</ex> pains or affections;
affected with rheumatism; <as>as, a <ex>rheumatic</ex> old
man</as></as>; causing rheumatism; <as>as, a <ex>rheumatic</ex>
day</as>.</def>

<q>That <qex>rheumatic</qex> diseases do abound.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rheu*mat"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One affected with
rheumatism.</def>

<hw>Rheu"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rheumatismus</ets> rheum, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr.<?/<?/<?/ to
have or suffer from a flux, fr. <?/<?/<?/ rheum: cf. F.
<ets>rheumatisme</ets>. See <er>2d Rheum</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A general disease characterized by
painful, often multiple, local inflammations, usually affecting
the joints and muscles, but also extending sometimes to the
deeper organs, as the heart.</def>

<cs><col>Inflammatory rheumatism</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,
<cd>acute rheumatism attended with fever, and attacking usually
the larger joints, which become swollen, hot, and very
painful.</cd> -- <col>Rheumatism root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Twinleaf</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rheu`ma*tis"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rheumatism.</def>

<hw>Rheu`ma*tis"moid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rheumatism</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or resembling rheum or
rheumatism.</def>

<hw>Rheum"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum.</def>

<cs><col>Rheumic diathesis</col>. <cd>See <cref>Dartrous
diathesis</cref>, under <er>Dartrous</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Rheu"mi*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Rheum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The class of
skin disease developed by the dartrous diathesis. See under
<er>Dartrous</er>.</def>

<hw>Rheum"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum; affected
with rheum.</def>

<q>His head and <qex>rheumy</qex> eyes distill in showers.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>And tempt the <qex>rheumy</qex> and unpurged air
To add unto his sickness.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rhig"o*lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ cold + L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons
intermediate between gsolene and cymogene. It is obtained in the
purification of crude petroleum, and is used as a
refregerant.</def>

<hw>Rhime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rhyme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rhi"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr<?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/, the nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Og or
pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi*nas"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, nose + <?/<?/<?/ star.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The borele.</def>

<hw>Rhine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ryne</ets>. See <er>Run</er>.]</ety> <def>A water course; a
ditch.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rean</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Macaulay.</au>

<hw>Rhi`nen*ce*phal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
rhinencephalon.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi`nen*ceph"a*lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Rhinencephala</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, the nose + <?/<?/ the brain.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The division of the brain in front of the
prosencephalon, consisting of the two olfactory lobes from which
the olfactory nerves arise.</def>

<note><hand/ The term is sometimes used for one of the olfactory
lobes, the plural being used for the two taken together.</note>

<hw>Rhine"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>rheinkiesel</ets> Rhine quartz.]</ety> <def>A colorless
stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an
inexpensive ornament.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi*ni"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/. <?/<?/<?/, the nose + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Infllammation of the nose; esp.,
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nostrils.</def>

<hw>Rhi*no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>Gold and silver, or money.</def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark>

<au>W. Wagstaffe.</au>

<q>As long as the <qex>rhino</qex> lasted.</q>
<qau>Marryat.</qau>

<hw>Rhi"no-</hw>. <def>A combining form from Greek <?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/, <xex>the nose</xex>, as in <xex>rhino</xex>lith,
<xex>rhino</xex>logy.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rhi`no*ce"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Rhi`no*cer"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros;
resembling the rhinoceros, or his horn.</def>

<au>Tatler.</au>

<hw>Rhi*noc"e*ros</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/. <?/<?/<?/, the nose +
<?/<?/<?/ a horn: cf. F. <ets>rhinoc\'82ros</ets>. See
<er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any pachyderm
belonging to the genera <spn>Rhinoceros</spn>,
<spn>Atelodus</spn>, and several allied genera of the family
<spn>Rhinocerotid\'91</spn>, of which several living, and many
extinct, species are known. They are large and powerful, and
usually have either one or two stout conical median horns on the
snout.</def>

<note><hand/ The Indian, or white, and the Javan rhinoceroses
(<spn>Rhinoceros Indicus</spn> and <spn>R. Sondaicus</spn>) have
incisor and canine teeth, but only one horn, and the very thick
skin forms shieldlike folds. The two or three African species
belong to <spn>Atelodus</spn>, and have two horns, but lack the
dermal folds, and the incisor and canine teeth. The two Malay, or
East Indian, two-horned species belong to <spn>Ceratohinus</spn>,
in which incisor and canine teeth are present. See
<er>Borele</er>, and <er>Keitloa</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Rhinoceros auk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an auk
of the North Pacific (<spn>Cerorhina monocrata</spn>) which has a
deciduous horn on top of the bill.</cd> -- <col>Rhinoceros
beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large beetle of
the genus <spn>Dynastes</spn>, having a horn on the head.</cd> --
<col>Rhinoceros bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>A large hornbill (<spn>Buceros rhinoceros</spn>), native of
the East Indies. It has a large hollow hornlike process on the
bill. Called also <altname>rhinoceros hornbill</altname></cd>.
See <er>Hornbill</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An African beefeater
(<spn>Buphaga Africana</spn>). It alights on the back of the
rhinoceros in search of parasitic insects.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rhi*noc"e*rote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rhinoceros.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Rhi*noc`e*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the rhinoceros.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rhi"no*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <hw>Rhi"no*lith</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> +
<ets>-lite</ets>, <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose.</def>

<hw>Rhi`no*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to rhinology.</def>

<hw>Rhi*nol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
skilled in rhinology.</def>

<hw>Rhi*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
science which treats of the nose, and its diseases.</def>

<hw>Rhi*nol"o*phid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ crest.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus
<spn>Rhinilophus</spn>, or family <spn>Rhinolophid\'91</spn>,
having a horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a horseshoe bat.</def>

<hw>Rhi*nol"o*phine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the
rhinolophids, or horseshoe bats.</def>

<hw>Rhi"no*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two tentacle-like organs on
the back of the head or neck of a nudibranch or tectibranch
mollusk. They are usually retractile, and often transversely
furrowed or plicate, and are regarded as olfactory organs. Called
also <altname>dorsal tentacles</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. 
under <er>Pygobranchia</er>, and <er>Opisthobranchia</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhi`no*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rhinoplastique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to rhinoplasty; <as>as, a <ex>rhinoplastic</ex>
operation</as>.</def>

<hw>Rhi"no*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-plasty</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rhinoplastie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plastic surgery of the nose
to correct deformity or to replace lost tissue. Tissue may be
transplanted from the patient's cheek, forehead, arm, etc., or
even from another person.</def>

<hw>Rhi"no*pome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + Gr. <grk>pw^ma</grk> a lid. ]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any old-world bat of the genus
<spn>Rhinopoma</spn>. The rhinopomes have a long tail extending
beyond the web, and inhabit caves and tombs.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi`no*scle*ro"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>scleroma</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rare disease of the skin, characterized
by the development of very hard, more or less flattened,
prominences, appearing first upon the nose and subsequently upon
the neighboring parts, esp. the lips, palate, and throat.</def>

<au>J. V. Shoemaker.</au>

<hw>Rhi"no*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small
mirror for use in rhinoscopy.</def>

<hw>Rhi`no*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy.</def>

<hw>Rhi*nos"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The examination or study of the soft
palate, posterior nares, etc., by means of a laryngoscopic mirror
introduced into the pharynx.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi`no*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rhinothec\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from gr.
<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, the nose + <?/<?/<?/ case.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sheath of the upper mandible of a
bird.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi*pi`do*glos"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a fan + <?/<?/<?/<?/ a
tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of gastropod
mollusks having a large number of long, divergent, hooklike,
lingual teeth in each transverse row. It includes the
scutibranchs. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>

<hw>Rhi*pip"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a fan + <?/<?/<?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>One of the <spn>Rhipiptera</spn>, a group of insects having
wings which fold like a fan; a strepsipter.</def>

<hw>Rhi*pip"ter*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhipipter</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhi*zan"thous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ root + <?/<?/<?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a
root.</def>

<hw>Rhi"zine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rootlike filament or hair
growing from the stems of mosses or on lichens; a rhizoid.</def>

<hw>Rhi`zo*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ root + <?/<?/<?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering
stems; -- said of all perennial herbs.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi`zo*ceph"a*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ root + <?/<?/<?/ head.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Pectostraca including
saclike parasites of Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike
extensions of the head. See <xex>Illusration</xex> in
Appendix.</def>

<hw>Rhiz"o*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ root + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a tooth.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A reptile whose teeth are rooted in
sockets, as the crocodile.</def>

<hw>Rhiz"o*gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ root + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rhizog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Prodicing
roots.</def>

<hw>Rhiz"o*gen</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of
a proposed class of flowering plants growning on the roots of
other plants and destitute of green foliage.</def>

<hw>Rhi"zoid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
root + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rootlike
appendage.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi*zo"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rhizomata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>SAme as <er>Rhizome</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhi*zo"ma*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature or habit of a rhizome or
rootstock.</def>

<hw>Rhi*zome"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the mass of roots (of a tree), a stem, race, fr.
<?/<?/<?/ to make to root, pass., to take root, fr. <?/<?/<?/ a
root: cf. F. <ets>rhizome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
rootstock. See <er>Rootstock</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi*zoph"a*ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of
marsupials. The wombat is the type.</def>

<hw>Rhi*zoph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/ a root + <?/<?/<?/ to eat.]</ety>
<def>Feeding on roots; root-eating.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi*zoph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Rhizophorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus
of trees including the mangrove. See <er>Mangrove</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhi*zoph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a root + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Bearing roots.</def>

<hw>Rhiz"o*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Rhizopoda.</def>

<note><hand/ The rhizopods belonging to the Radiolaria and
Foraminifera have been of great geological importance, especially
in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Chalk is mostly made from
the shells of Foraminifera. The nummulites are the principal
ingredient of a limestone which is of great extent in Europe and
Asia, and is the material of which some of the pyramids of Egypt
are made. The shells are abundant in deepsea mud, and are mostly
minute, seldom larger than a small grain of sand, except in the
case of the nummulities, which are sometimes an inch in
diameter.</note>

<hw>\'d8Rhi*zop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a root + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive class of Protozoa,
including those which have pseudopodia, by means of which they
move about and take their food. The principal groups are Lobosa
(or Am<oe/bea), Helizoa, Radiolaria, and Foraminifera (or
Reticularia). See <er>Protozoa</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhi*zop"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
rhizopods.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhi`zo*stom"a*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a root + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, a
mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Medus\'91
which includes very large species without marginal tentacles, but
having large mouth lobes closely united at the edges. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. in Appendix.</def>

<hw>Rhiz"o*stome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Rhizostomata.</def>

<-- p. 1238 -->

<hw>\'d8Rhi`zo*tax"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a root + <?/<?/<?/ arrangement.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of the roots of
plants.</def>

<hw>Rhob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 1st Rob.</def>

<hw>Rho`dam*mo"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, rhodium and ammonia; -- said of certain complex
compounds.</def>

<hw>Rho"da*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of rhodanic acid; a
sulphocyanate.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<hw>Rho*dan"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the rose.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid (commonly called <xex>sulphocyanic
acid</xex>) which frms a red color with ferric salts.</def>
<mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<hw>Rho`de*o*re"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the rose + <?/<?/<?/ resin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Convolvuln</er>.</def>

<hw>Rho"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Rhodius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rhodien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of
Rhodes.</def></def2>

<hw>Rho"dic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing rhodium.</def>

<hw>Rho"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose. So called from the rose-red color of
certain of its solutions. See <er>Rhododendron</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element of the light platinum
group. It is found in platinum ores, and obtained free as a white
inert metal which it is very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic
weight 104.1.  Specific gravity 12.</def>

<hw>Rho`di*zon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ to be rose-red.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline
substance (called <xex>rhodizonic acid</xex>, and <xex>carboxylic
acid</xex>) obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain
quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts.</def>

<hw>Rho`do*chro"site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose + <?/<?/<?/ a coloring.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral
sometimes occuring crystallized, but generally massive with
rhombohedral cleavage like calcite; -- called also
<altname>dialogite</altname>.</def>

<hw>Rho*doc"ri*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ro`don</grk> rose + <?/<?/<?/ lily.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A rose encrinite.</def>

<hw>Rho`do*den"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <grk>"rodo`dendron</grk>, literally, rose tree;
<grk>"ro`don</grk> rose + <grk>de`ndron</grk> tree. See
<er>Rose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs or
small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and
remarkable for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay.</def>

<hw>Rhod`o*mon*tade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rodomontade</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhod`o*mon*tad"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rodomontador</er>.</def>

<hw>Rho"don*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose. ]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring
crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an
ornamental stone.</def>

<hw>Rho"do*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose + <?/<?/<?/ to show.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The red pigment contained in the inner
segments of the cones of the retina in animals. See
<er>Chromophane</er>.</def>

<au>W. K\'9ahne.</au>

<hw>Rho*dop"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ro`don</grk> rose + <grk>"w`ps</grk> eye.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The visual purple. See under
<er>Visual</er>.</def>

<hw>Rho"do*sperm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose + <grk>spe`rma</grk> a seed.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any seaweed with red spores.</def>

<note><hand/ As the name of a subclass, <xex>Rhodosperms</xex>,
or <spn>Rhodosperme\'91</spn>, is synonymous with
<spn>Floride\'91</spn> (which see.)</note>

<hw>Rhomb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rhombus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ rhomb, a spinning top, magic
wheel, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to turn or whirl round, perhaps akin to E.
<ets>wrench</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rhombe</ets>. Cf.
<er>Rhombus</er>, <er>Rhumb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An equilateral parallelogram, or
quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and the opposite sides
parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse and two
acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in which case
it is usually called a <xex>square</xex>.</def>
<-- Illustr. of Rhomb. -->

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A rhombohedron.</def>

<cs><col>Fresnel's rhomb</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a rhomb or
oblique parallelopiped of crown or St. Gobain glass so cut that a
ray of light entering one of its faces at right angles shall
emerge at right angles at the opposite face, after undergoing
within the rhomb, at other faces, two reflections. It is used to
produce a ray circularly polarized from a plane-polarized ray, or
the reverse.</cd></cs>

<au>Nichol.</au>

<hw>Rhom"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Shaped like a rhomb.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Orthorhombic</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhom`bo*ga"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhomb</ets> + <ets>ganoid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ganoid fish having rhombic enameled
scales; one of the Rhomboganoidei.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhom`bo*ga*noi"de*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Ginglymodi</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhom"bo*gene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhomb</ets> + root of Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to be born.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dicyemid which produces
infusorialike embryos; -- opposed to <xex>nematogene</xex>. See
<er>Dicyemata</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rhombogen</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rhom`bo*he"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Geom.
& Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Related to the rhombohedron; presenting
the form of a rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a
rhombohedron; relating to a system of forms including the
rhombohedron and scalenohedron.</def>

<cs><col>Rhombohedral iron ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Hematite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rhombohedral system</col>
<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>a division of the hexagonal system
embracing the rhombohedron, scalenohedron, etc.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rhom`bo*hed"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Geom.
& Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Rhombohedral.</def>

<hw>Rhom`bo*he"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ rhomb + <?/<?/<?/ seat, base.]</ety>
<fld>(Geom. & Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid contained by six
rhomboids; a parallelopiped.</def>

<hw>Rhom"boid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ rhomboidal; <?/<?/<?/ rhomb + <?/<?/<?/ shape: cf. F.
<ets>rhombo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld><def>An
oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only the
opposite sides equal, the length and with being different.</def>

<hw>Rhom"boid <?/</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rhomboidal</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhom*boid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rhombo\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or approaching, the
shape of a rhomboid.</def>

<hw>Rhom*boid"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rhomboid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Rhom`boid-o"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape.</def>

<hw>Rhomb" spar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A
variety of dolomite.</def>

<hw>Rhom"bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>Same as <er>Rhomb</er>, 1.</def>

<hw>Rhon`chal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Rhonchial.</def>

<hw>Rhon"chi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced
by rhonchi.</def>

<cs><col>Rhonchial fremitus</col>. <ety>[L. <ets>fremitus<ets> a
dull roaring or murmuring.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>A
vibration of the chest wall that may be felt by the hand laid
upon its surface. It is caused in the production of rhonchi in
the bronchial tubes.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rhon*chis"o*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rhonchus</ets> a snoring + <ets>sonans</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety> <def>Making a snorting noise;
snorting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Rhon"chus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rhonchi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a snoring, a
croaking.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An adventitious whistling
or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air
channels are partially obstructed. By some writers the term
<xex>rhonchus</xex> is used as equivalent to <xex>r\'83le</xex>
in its widest sense. See <er>R\'83le</er>.</def>

<hw>Rho*pal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ club-shaped; fr. <?/<?/<?/ a club: cf. F.
<ets>rhopalique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Applied to
a line or verse in which each successive word has one more
syllable than the preceding.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rho*pa"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rhopalia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the marginal sensory bodies of
medus\'91 belonging to the Discophora.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhop`a*loc"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a club + <?/<?/<?/ ahorn.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Lepidoptera including
all the butterflies. They differ from other Lepidoptera in having
club-shaped antenn\'91.</def>

<hw>Rho"ta*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>"rwtaki`zein</grk> to use the letter <ets>r</ets> (<rho/)
overmuch: cf. F. <ets>rhotacisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter <xex>r</xex>;
specifically <fld>(Phylol.)</fld>, the tendency, exhibited in the
Indo-European languages, to change <xex>s</xex> to <xex>r</xex>,
as <xex>wese</xex> to <xex>were</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rhu"barb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rhubarbe</ets>, OF. <ets>rubarbe</ets>,
<ets>rheubarbe</ets>, <ets>reubarbare</ets>, <ets>reobarbe</ets>,
LL. <ets>rheubarbarum</ets> for <ets>rheum barbarum</ets>, Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ (and <?/<?/) rhubarb, from the river <ets>Rha</ets>
(the Volga) on whose banks it grew. Originally, therefore, it was
the barbarian plant from the Rha. Cf. <er>Barbarous</er>,
<er>Rhaponticine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus
<spn>Rheum</spn> and order <spn>Polygonace\'91</spn>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The large and fleshy leafstalks of <spn>Rheum
Rhaponticum</spn> and other species of the same genus. They are
pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also
<altname>pieplant</altname>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of several species of
<spn>Rheum</spn>, used much as a cathartic medicine.</def>

<cs><col>Monk's rhubarb</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Monk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Turkey rhubarb</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the roots of <spn>Rheum
Emodi</spn>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rhu"barb*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like
rhubarb.</def>

<hw>Rhumb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rumb</ets>, Sp. <ets>rumbo</ets>, or Pg. <ets>rumbo</ets>,
<ets>rumo</ets>, probably fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a magic wheel, a
whirling motion, hence applied to a point of the compass. See
<er>Rhomb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Navigation)</fld> <def>A line which
crosses successive meridians at a constant angle; -- called also
<altname>rhumb line</altname>, and <altname>loxodromic
curve</altname>. See <er>Loxodromic</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To sail on a rhumb</col>, <cd>to sail continuously on
one course, following a rhumb line.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Rhus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., sumac,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of
shrubs and small treets. See <er>Sumac</er>.</def>

<hw>Rhus"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rusma</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixtire of caustic lime and
orpiment, or tersulphide of arsenic, -- used in the depilation of
hides.</def>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Rhyme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>ryme</ets>, <ets>rime</ets>, AS. <ets>r\'c6m</ets> number;
akin to OHG. <ets>r\'c6m</ets> number, succession, series, G.
<ets>reim</ets> rhyme. The modern sense is due to the influence
of F. <ets>rime</ets>, which is of German origin, and originally
the same word.]</ety> <altsp>[The Old English spelling
<asp>rime</asp> is becoming again common. See Note under
<er>Prime</er>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An expression of
thought in numbers, measure, or verse; a composition in verse; a
rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of language.</def> \'bdRailing
<xex>rhymes</xex>.\'b8

<au>Daniel.</au>

<q>A <qex>ryme</qex> I learned long ago.</q>
<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>He knew
Himself to sing, and build the lofty <qex>rime</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Correspondence of sound in
the terminating words or syllables of two or more verses, one
succeeding another immediately or at no great distance. The words
or syllables so used must not begin with the same consonant, or
if one begins with a vowel the other must begin with a consonant.
The vowel sounds and accents must be the same, as also the sounds
of the final consonants if there be any.</def>

<q>For <qex>rhyme</qex> with reason may dispense,
And sound has right to govern sense.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Verses, usually two, having this correspondence
with each other; a couplet; a poem containing rhymes.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A word answering in sound to another word.</def>

<cs><col>Female rhyme</col>. <cd>See under <er>Female</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Male rhyme</col>. <cd>See under <er>Male</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rhyme or reason</col>, <cd>sound or sense.</cd> --
<col>Rhyme royal</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>a stanza of seven
decasyllabic verses, of which the first and third, the second,
fourth, and fifth, and the sixth and seventh rhyme.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rhyme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rhymed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rhyming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rimen</ets>,
<ets>rymen</ets>, AS. <ets>r\'c6man</ets> to count: cf. F.
<ets>rimer</ets> to rhyme. See <er>Rhyme</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make rhymes, or
verses.</def> \'bdThou shalt no longer <xex>ryme</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>There marched the bard and blockhead, side by side,
Who <qex>rhymed</qex> for hire, and patronized for pride.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To accord in rhyme or sound.</def>

<q>And, if they <qex>rhymed</qex> and rattled, all was well.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Rhyme</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put into
rhyme.</def>

<au>Sir T. Wilson.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To influence by rhyme.</def>

<q>Hearken to a verser, who may chance
<qex>Rhyme</qex> thee to good.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>

<hw>Rhyme"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of rhyme.</def>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Rhym"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes
rhymes; a versifier; -- generally in contempt; a poor poet; a
poetaster.</def>

<q>This would make them soon perceive what despicaple creatures
our common <qex>rhymers</qex> and playwriters be.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Rhym"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or
habit of making rhymes; rhyming; -- in contempt.</def>

<hw>Rhyme"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rhymer; a
maker of poor poetry.</def>

<au>Bp. Hall. Byron.</au>

<hw>Rhym"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to
rhyme.</def>

<hw>Rhym"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rhymer; a
rhymester.</def>

<au>Johnston.</au>

<hw>\'d8Rhyn`chob*del"le*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout _ <?/<?/<?/ a leech.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of leeches including those
that have a protractile proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the
type.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhyn`cho*ceph"a*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout + <?/<?/<?/ head.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of reptiles having biconcave
vertebr\'91, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar
osteological characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but
numerous fossil genera are known, some of which are among the
earliest of reptiles. See <er>Hatteria</er>. Called also
<altname>Rhynchocephalia</altname>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhyn`cho*c\'d2"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout + <?/<?/<?/ hollow.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nemertina</er>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rhyn`cho*c\'d2"lous</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rhyn"cho*lite <?/</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
snout, beak + <ets>-lie</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rhyncholithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A
fossil cephalopod beak.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhyn`cho*nel"la <?/</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of
brachiopods of which some species are still living, while many
are found fossil.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhyn*choph"o*ra <?/</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout + <?/<?/<?/ to carry.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Coleoptera having a
snoutlike head; the snout beetles, curculios, or weevils.</def>

<hw>Rhyn"cho*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Rhynchophora.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhyn*cho"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ry`gchos</grk> snout.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hemiptera</er>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Rhyncota</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rhy"o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ to flow + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a
fluidal structure.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rhy`o*lit"ic</wf>,
<pr>(#)</pr> <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rhy`pa*rog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ painting foul or mean objects; <grk>"ryparo`s</grk>
filthy, dirty + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write, paint.]</ety>
<def>In ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life
pictures.</def>

<hw>Rhy*sim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ flow + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument,
acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for measuring the
velocity of a fluid current, the speed of a ship, etc.</def>

<hw>Rhythm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rhythme</ets>, <ets>rythme</ets>, L.  <ets>rhythmus</ets>,
fr. GR. <?/<?/<?/ measured motion, measure, proportion, fr.
<?/<?/<?/ to flow. See <er>Stream</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a
regular succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc.,
producing an agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or
the like.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Movement in musical time, with
periodical recurrence of accent; the measured beat or pulse which
marks the character and expression of the music; symmetry of
movement and accent.</def>

<au>Moore (Encyc. )</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A division of lines into short portions by a
regular succession of <xex>arses</xex> and <xex>theses</xex>, or
percussions and remissions of voice on words or syllables.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The harmonious flow of vocal sounds.</def>

<-- p. 1239 -->

<hw>Rhyth"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic rhythm or meter.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>One now scarce counted a <qex>rhythmer</qex>, formerly
admitted for a poet.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rhyth"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rhyth"mic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/: cf.
L. <ets>rhythmicus</ets>, F. <ets>rhythmique</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm</def>

<q>DAy and night
I worked my <qex>rhythmic</qex> thought.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>

<cs><col>Rhythmical accent</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Accent</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6 <sd>(c)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rhyth"mic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rhythmical
manner.</def>

<hw>Rhyth"mics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
department of musical science which treats of the length of
sounds.</def>

<hw>Rhyth"ming</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Writing
rhythm; verse making.</def> \'bdThe <xex>rhythming</xex>
monk.\'b8

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Rhythm"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
without rhythm.</def>

<au>Coleridge.</au>

<hw>Rhyth*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rhythm</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for marking time in musical movements. See
<er>Metronome</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhyth"mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Rhythm.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rhyt"i*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rytina</er>.</def>

<hw>Ri"al</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Spanish coin.
See <er>Real</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ri*al"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Royal.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ri"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Royal</er>.]</ety> <def>A gold coin formerly current in
England, of the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of
Henry VI., and of fifteen shillings in the reign of
Elizabeth.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ryal</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ri`ant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>riant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>rire</ets> to laugh, L.
<ets>ridere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Laughing; laughable; exciting
gayety; gay; merry; delightful to the view, as a landscape.</def>

<q>In such cases the sublimity must be drawn from the other
sources, with a strict caution, howewer, against anything light
and <qex>riant</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<hw>Rib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rib</ets>, <ets>ribb</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rib</ets>, G.
<ets>rippe</ets>, OHG. <ets>rippa</ets>, <ets>rippi</ets>, Dan.
<ets>ribbe</ets>, Icel. <ets>rif</ets>, Russ.
<ets>rebro</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One
of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and
supporting the lateral walls of the thorax.</def>

<note><hand/ In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which
the upper seven are directly connected with the sternum by
cartilages, and are called <xex>sternal</xex>, or
<xex>true</xex>, <xex>ribs</xex>. The remaining five pairs are
called <xex>asternal</xex>, or <xex>false</xex>, <xex>ribs</xex>,
and of these each of the three upper pairs is attached to the
cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower pairs are free at
the ventral ends, and are called <xex>floating ribs</xex>. See
<er>Thorax</er>.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which resembles a rib in form or use.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>One of
the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and
upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give
shape and strength to the vessel</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.
& Structures)</fld> <def>A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate,
cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the rods on which the cover of an
umbrella is extended</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A prominent line or
ridge, as in cloth</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A longitudinal strip
of metal uniting the barrels of a double-barreled gun.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The chief nerve, or one of the
chief nerves, of a leaf.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any longitudinal
ridge in a plant.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In Gothic
vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are
strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the
whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted
construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of
these in wood, plaster, or the like.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a
pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Solid coal on
the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support.</def>

<au>Raymond.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of
Adam's rib.</def> <mark>[Familiar & Sportive]</mark>

<q>How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their
own <qex>rib</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>

<cs><col>Chuck rib</col>, <cd>a cut of beef immediately in front
of the middle rib. See <er>Chuck</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fore
ribs</col>, <cd>a cut of beef immediately in front of the
sirloin.</cd> -- <col>Middle rib</col>, <cd>a cut of beef between
the chuck rib and the fore ribs.</cd> -- <col>Rib grass</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Ribwort</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rib</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ribbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ribbing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish with
ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; <as>as, to
<ex>rib</ex> cloth</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut
in.</def>

<-- 3. To kid; to poke fun at. -->

<q>It [lead] were too gross
To <qex>rib</qex> her cerecloth in the obscure grave.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<cs><col>To rib land</col>, <cd>to leave strips of undisturbed
ground between the furrows in plowing.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rib"ald</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n./</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>ribald</ets>, <ets>ribaud</ets>, F. <ets>ribaud</ets>, OF.
<ets>ribald</ets>, <ets>ribault</ets>, LL. <ets>ribaldus</ets>,
of German origin; cf. OHG <ets>hr\'c6pa</ets> prostitute. For the
ending <ets>-ald</ets> cf. E. <er>Herald</er>.]</ety> <def>A low,
vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow.</def>

<au>Spenser. Pope.</au>

<q><qex>Ribald</qex> was almost a class name in the feudal system
. . . He was his patron's parasite, bulldog, and tool . . . It is
not to be wondered at that the word rapidly became a synonym for
everything ruffianly and brutal.</q>
<qau>Earle.</qau>

<hw>Rib"ald</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Low; base; mean; filthy;
obscene.</def>

<q>The busy day,
Waked by the lark, hath roused the <qex>ribald</qex> crows.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rib"ald*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a ribald.</def>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Rib"ald*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a
ribald quality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rib"ald*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>ribaldrie</ets>, <ets>ribaudrie</ets>, OF.
<ets>ribalderie</ets>, <ets>ribauderie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; obscenity;
lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent language, but
formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct.</def>

<q>The <qex>ribaldry</qex> of his conversation moved
<?/stonishment even in that age.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Rib"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ribbon</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<hw>Rib"and</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ribbon</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Riband jasper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of
jasper having stripes of different colors, as red and
green.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rib"and</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Rib-band</er>.</def>

<au>Totten.</au>

<hw>Rib"and*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ribboned.</def>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Rib"aud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ribald.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>P. Plowman.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ri*bau"de*quin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An engine of war used in the
Middle Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on
wheels, and armed in front with pikes. It was (after the 14th
century) furnished with small cannon.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town
for casting javelins.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rib"aud*red</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rib"aud*rous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Filthy; obscene;
ribald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rib"aud*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Ribaldry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rib"aud*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Ribaldry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rib"auld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
ribald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rib"band</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>A ribbon.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Rib"*band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rib</ets> + <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Written also
<ets>riband</ets>, and <ets>ribbon</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A long, narrow strip of timber
bent and bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold
them in position, and give rigidity to the framework.</def>

<cs><col>Rib-band lines</col>, <cd>oblique longitudinal sectionss
of the hull of a vessel.</cd></cs>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Ribbed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Furnished or formed with ribs; <as>as, a <ex>ribbed</ex>
cylinder; <ex>ribbed</ex> cloth</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Intercalated with slate; --
said of a seam of coal.</def>

<au>Raymond.</au>

<hw>Rib"bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>An assemblage
or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an
arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants,
ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like.</def>

<hw>Rib"bon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>riban</ets>, OF. <ets>riban</ets>, F. <ets>ruban</ets>,
probably of German origin; cf. D. <ets>ringband</ets> collar,
necklace, E. <ets>ring</ets> circle, and <ets>band</ets>.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>riband</asp>,
<asp>ribband</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fillet or narrow
woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a
woman's attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow strip or shred; <as>as, a steel or
magnesium <ex>ribbon</ex>; sails torn to
<ex>ribbons</ex>.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Rib-band</er>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Driving reins.</def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark>

<au>London Athen\'91um.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing similar to the bend,
but only one eighth as wide.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>A silver.</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>The blue ribbon</xex>, and <xex>The red
ribbon</xex>, are phrases often used to designate the British
orders of the Garter and of the Bath, respectively, the badges of
which are suspended by ribbons of these colors. See <cref>Blue
ribbon</cref>, under <er>Blue</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Ribbon fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Any elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped marine fish of the
family <spn>Trachypterid\'91</spn>, especially the species of the
genus <spn>Trachypterus</spn>, and the oarfish (<spn>Regelecus
Banksii</spn>) of the North Atlantic, which is sometimes over
twenty feet long</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The hairtail, or
bladefish</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A small compressed marine fish
of the genus <spn>Cepola</spn>, having a long, slender, tapering
tail. The European species (<spn>C. rubescens</spn>) is light red
throughout. Called also <altname>band fish</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Ribbon grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of reed
canary grass having the leaves stripped with green and white; --
called also <altname>Lady's garters</altname>. See <cref>Reed
grass</cref>, under <er>Reed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ribbon seal</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North Pacific seal
(<spn>Histriophoca fasciata</spn>). The adult male is dark brown,
conspicuously banded and striped with yellowish white.</cd> --
<col>Ribbon snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common North
American snake (<spn>Eutainia saurita</spn>). It is conspicuously
striped with bright yellow and dark brown.</cd> -- <col>Ribbon
Society</col>, <cd>a society in Ireland, founded in the early
part of the 19th century in antagonism to the Orangemen. It
afterwards became an organization of tennant farmers banded
together to prevent eviction by landlords. It took its name from
the green ribbon worn by members as a badge.</cd> -- <col>Ribborn
worm</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
tapeworm</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A nemertean.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rib"bon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ribboned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Ribboning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with, or
as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling ribbons.</def>

<hw>Rib"bon*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
principles and practices of the Ribbonmen.  See <cref>Ribbon
Society</cref>, under <er>Ribbon</er>.</def>

<hw>Rib"bon*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-men</plw>.</plu> <def>A member of the Ribbon Society. See
<cref>Ribbon Society</cref>, under <er>Ribbon</er>.</def>

<hw>Rib"bon*wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A malvaceous tree (<spn>Hoheria
populnea</spn>) of New Zealand, the bark of which is used for
cordage.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ri"bes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[NL.; cf.
Dan. <ets>ribs</ets>, and Ar. <ets>r\'c6b\'bes</ets> a plant with
an acid juice.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs
including gooseberries and currants of many kinds.</def>

<hw>Rib"ibe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rebec</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of stringed
instrument; a rebec.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Nares.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An old woman; -- in contempt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bawd; a prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Rib"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Ribibe</er>.]</ety> <def>A small threestringed viol; a
rebec.</def>

<au>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</au>

<q>All can be play on gittern or <qex>ribible</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rib"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no ribs.</def>

<hw>Rib"roast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To beat
soundly.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<hw>Rib"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A species of plantain (<spn>Plantago lanceolata</spn>) with
long, narrow, ribbed leaves; -- called also <altname>rib
grass</altname>, <altname>ripple grass</altname>,
<altname>ribwort plantain</altname>.</def>

<hw>-ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[AS <ets>r\'c6ce</ets> kingdom,
dominion. See <er>Rich</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying
<xex>dominion</xex>, <xex>jurisdiction</xex>; <as>as,
bishop<ex>ric</ex>, the district over which a bishop exercises
authority</as>.</def>

<hw>Rice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>riz</ets>
(cf. Pr. <ets>ris</ets>, It. <ets>riso</ets>), L.
<ets>oryza</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, probably from the
Persian; cf. OPers. <ets>br\'c6zi</ets>, akin to Skr.
<ets>vr\'c6hi</ets>; or perh. akin to E. <ets>rye</ets>. Cf.
<er>Rye</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A well-known cereal
grass (<spn>Oryza sativa</spn>) and its seed.  This plant is
extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a
large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows
chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed.</def>

<cs><col>Ant rice</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Ant</er>.</cd> -- <col>French rice</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Amelcorn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian rice</col>., <cd>a
tall reedlike water grass (<spn>Zizania aquatica</spn>), bearing
panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by North
American Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern
States. Called also <altname>water oat</altname>,
<altname>Canadian wild rice</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Mountain
rice</col>, <cd>any species of an American genus
(<spn>Oryzopsis</spn>) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice.</cd>
-- <col>Rice bunting</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<er>Ricebird</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rice hen</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Florida gallinule.</cd> --
<col>Rice mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large
dark-colored field mouse (<spn>Calomys palistris</spn>) of the
Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Rice paper</col>, <cd>a kind
of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, -- used for painting
upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles. It is made by
cutting the pith of a large herb (<spn>Fatsia papyrifera</spn>,
related to the ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is
flattened out under pressure. Called also <altname>pith
paper</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rice troupial</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bobolink.</cd> -- <col>Rice
water</col>, <cd>a drink for invalids made by boiling a small
quantity of rice in water.</cd> -- <col>Rice-water
discharge</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a liquid, resembling rice
water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the
bowels, in cholera.</cd> -- <col>Rice weevil</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small beetle (<spn>Calandra, <or/
Sitophilus, oryz\'91</spn>) which destroys rice, wheat, and
Indian corn by eating out the interior; -- called also
<altname>black weevil</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rice"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Java sparrow.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bobolink.</def>

<hw>Rice"-shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small
white polished marine shells of the genus
<spn>Olivella</spn>.</def>

<hw>Rich</hw>, <pr>(r<icr/ch)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Richer</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Richest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>riche</ets>, AS. <ets>r\'c6ce</ets> rich, powerful; akin to
OS. <ets>r\'c6ki</ets>, D. <ets>rijk</ets>, G. <ets>reich</ets>,
OHG. <ets>r\'c6hhi</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'c6kr</ets>, Sw.
<ets>rik</ets>, Dan. <ets>rig</ets>, Goth. <ets>reiks</ets>; from
a word meaning, ruler, king, probably borrowed from Celtic, and
akin to L. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, king,
<ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule. <root/283.  See <er>Right</er>,
and cf. <er>Derrick</er>, <er>Enrich</er>, <er>Rajah</er>,
<er>Riches</er>, <er>Royal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having
an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount
of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy;
opulent; affluent; -- opposed to <ant>poor</ant>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Rich</xex> merchants.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>The <qex>rich</qex> [person] hath many friends.</q>
<qau>Prov. xiv. 20.</qau>

<q>As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash
Of some <qex>rich</qex> burgher.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding;
abundant; copious; bountiful; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> treasury; a
<ex>rich</ex> entertainment; a <ex>rich</ex> crop</as>.</def>

<q>If life be short, it shall be glorious;
Each minute shall be <qex>rich</qex> in some great action.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>

<q>The gorgeous East with <qex>richest</qex> hand
Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Yielding large returns; productive or fertile;
fruitful; <as>as, <ex>rich</ex> soil or land; a <ex>rich</ex>
mine.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Composed of valuable or costly materials or
ingredients; procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious;
sumptuous; costly; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> dress; <ex>rich</ex>
silk or fur; <ex>rich</ex> presents</as>.</def>

<q>Like to <qex>rich</qex> and various gems.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities;
-- especially applied to articles of food or drink which are
high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet,
luscious, and high-flavored; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> dish;
<ex>rich</ex> cream or soup; <ex>rich</ex> pastry; <ex>rich</ex>
wine or fruit</as>.</def>

<q>Sauces and <qex>rich</qex> spices are fetched from India.</q>
<qau>Baker.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Not faint or delicate; vivid; <as>as, a
<ex>rich</ex> color</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; <as>as, a
<ex>rich</ex> voice; <ex>rich</ex> music</as>.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; <as>as, a
<ex>rich</ex> landscape; <ex>rich</ex> scenery</as>.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>Abounding in humor; exciting amusement;
entertaining; <as>as, the scene was a <ex>rich</ex> one; a
<ex>rich</ex> incident or character</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<note><hand/ <xex>Rich</xex> is sometimes used in the formation
of self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>rich</xex>-fleeced,
<xex>rich</xex>-jeweled, <xex>rich</xex>-laden,
<xex>rich</xex>-stained.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious;
abundant; plentiful; fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious;
generous; luscious.</syn>

<hw>Rich</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enrich.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Gower.</au>

<hw>Rich"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>richesse</ets>, F. <ets>richesse</ets>, from
<ets>riche</ets> rich, of German origin. See
<er>Rich</er>,<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or other
property; wealth; opulence; affluence.</def>

<q><qex>Riches</qex> do not consist in having more gold and
silver, but in having more in proportion, than our neighbors.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or
the like.</def>

<q>The <qex>riche</qex> of heaven's pavement, trodden gold.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<note><hand/ <xex>Richesse</xex>, the older form of this word,
was in the singular number. The form <xex>riches</xex>, however,
is plural in appearance, and has now come to be used as a
plural.</note>

<q>Against the <qex>richesses</qex> of this world shall they have
misease of poverty.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>In one hour so great <qex>riches</qex> is come to nought.</q>
<qau>Rev. xviii. 17.</qau>

<q>And for that <qex>riches</qex> where is my deserving?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness;
plenty; abundance.</syn>

<-- p. 1240 -->

<hw>Rich"esse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Riches</er>.]</ety> <def>Wealth; riches. See the Note under
<er>Riches</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Some man desireth for to have <qex>richesse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>The <qex>richesse</qex> of all heavenly grace.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Rich"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rich
manner.</def>

<hw>Rich"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being rich (in any sense of the adjective).</def>

<hw>Rich"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>An herb (<spn>Pilea pumila</spn>) of the Nettle family,
having a smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; -- called also
<altname>clearweed</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ric`in*e`la*id"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Ricin</ets>oleic + <ets>elaidic</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of
ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid.</def>

<hw>Ric`in*e*la"i*din</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid,
obtained as a white crystalline waxy substance by treating castor
oil with nitrous acid.</def>

<hw>Ri*cin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ricinus</ets> castor-oil plant.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly,
designating an acid now called <altname>ricinoleic</altname>
<it>acid.</it></def>

<hw>Ric"i*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ricinus</ets> castor-oil plant.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds
of the castor-oil plant.</def>

<hw>Ric`in*o"le*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of ricinoleic acid; -- formerly
called <altname>palmate</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ric`in*o"le*ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty
acid analogous to oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily
substance, C<?/H<?/O<?/ with a harsh taste. Formerly written
<xex>ricinolic</xex>.</def>

<hw>Ric`in*o"le*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ricinus</ets> castor-oil plant + <ets>oleum</ets>
oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The glycerin salt of
ricinoleic acid, occuring as a characteristic constituent of
castor oil; -- formerly called <xex>palmin</xex>.</def>

<hw>Ric`i*nol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ricinoleic.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ric"i*nus</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
the castor-oil plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of
plants of the Spurge family, containing but one species (<spn>R.
communis</spn>), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three-celled,
and contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss
expressed. See <er>Palma Christi</er>.</def>

<hw>Rick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>reek</ets>, <ets>rek</ets>, AS. <ets>hre\'a0c</ets> a heap;
akin to <ets>hryce</ets> rick, Icel. hraukr.]</ety> <def>A stack
or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air, usually
protected from wet with thatching.</def>

<q>Golden clusters of beehive <qex>ricks</qex>, rising at
intervals beyond the hedgerows.</q>
<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>

<hw>Rick</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To heap up in ricks, as hay,
etc.</def>

<hw>Rick"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stout pole
for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a boat.</def>

<hw>Rick"et*ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rickety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Rick"ets</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Of
uncertain origin; but cf. AS. <ets>wrigian</ets> to bend, D.
<ets>wrikken</ets> to shake, E.  <ets>wriggle</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease which affects children, and
which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs,
depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid
abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often
premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease
appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid
tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk
unsteadily. Called also <altname>rachitis</altname>.</def>
<-- also, infantile or juvenile osteomalacia.  Deficient
calcification of bone causing skeletal abnormalities. It is
caused by vitamin D deficiency. -->

<hw>Rick"et*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Affected with rickets.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak;
shaky.</def>

<hw>Rick"rack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
openwork edging made of serpentine braid.</def>

<hw>Rick"stand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flooring
or framework on which a rick is made.</def>

<hw>Ric`o*chet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a
gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone
thrown along the surface of water.</def>

<cs><col>Ricochet firing</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the firing
of guns or howitzers, usually with small charges, at an elevation
of only a few degrees, so as to cause the balls or shells to
bound or skip along the ground.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ric`o*chet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ricochetted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ricochetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To
operate upon by ricochet firing. See <er>Ricochet</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ric`o*chet"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To skip with a
rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the surface of water, or
a cannon ball on the ground. See <er>Ricochet</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def>

<hw>Ric"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rictus;
<as>as, <ex>rictal</ex> bristles</as>.</def>

<hw>Ric"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ringi</ets>, <ets>rictus</ets>, to open wide the mouth, to
gape.]</ety> <def>A gaping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ric"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the
aperture of the mouth.]</ety> <def>The gape of the mouth, as of
birds; -- often resricted to the corners of the mouth.</def>

<hw>Rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Ride</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<q>He <qex>rid</qex> to the end of the village, where he
alighted.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>

<hw>Rid</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rid</er> <or/ <er>Ridded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Ridding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>ridden</ets>, <ets>redden</ets>, AS. <ets>hreddan</ets> to
deliver, liberate; akin to D. & LG. <ets>redden</ets>, G.
<ets>retten</ets>, Dan. <ets>redde</ets>, Sw.
<ets>r\'84dda</ets>, and perhaps to Skr. <ets><?/rath</ets> to
loosen.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To save; to rescue; to deliver;
-- with <xex>out of</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Deliver the poor and needy; <qex>rid</qex> them out of the
hand of the wicked.</q>
<qau>Ps. lxxxii. 4.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed
by <xex>of</xex>.</def> \'bd<xex>Rid</xex> all the sea of
pirates.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>In never <qex>ridded</qex> myself of an overmastering and
brooding sense of some great calamity traveling toward me.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To drive away; to remove by effort or violence;
to make away with; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>I will <qex>red</qex> evil beasts out of the land.</q>
<qau>Lev. xxvi. 6.</qau>

<q>Death's men, you have <qex>rid</qex> this sweet young
prince!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to
finish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdWillingness <xex>rids</xex>
way.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Mirth will make us <qex>rid</qex> ground faster than if
thieves were at our tails.</q>
<qau>J. Webster.</qau>

<cs><col>To be rid of</col>, <cd>to be free or delivered
from.</cd> -- <col>To get rid of</col>, <cd>to get deliverance
from; to free one's self from.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rid"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable for
riding; <as>as, a <ex>ridable</ex> horse; a <ex>ridable</ex>
road.</as></def>

<hw>Rid"dance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up or
out.</def>

<q>Thou shalt not make clean <qex>riddance</qex> of the corners
of thy field.</q>
<qau>Lev. xxiii. 22.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being rid or free; freedom;
escape.</def> \'bd<xex>Riddance</xex> from all adversity.\'b8

<au>Hooker.</au>

<hw>Rid"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Ride.</er></def>

<hw>Rid"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, rids.</def>

<hw>Rid"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>ridil</ets>, AS. <ets>hridder</ets>; akin to G.
<ets>reiter</ets>, L. <ets>cribrum</ets>, and to Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to
distinguish, separate, and G. <ets>rein</ets> clean. See
<er>Crisis</er>, <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for separating coarser
materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders from ashes, or
gravel from sand.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A board having a row of pins, set zigzag,
between which wire is drawn to straighten it.</def>

<hw>Rid"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Riddled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Riddling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass
through a riddle; <as>as, <ex>riddle</ex> wheat; to
<ex>riddle</ex> coal or gravel</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to
make many holes in; <as>as, a house <ex>riddled</ex> with
shot</as>.</def>

<hw>Rid"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>riddels</ets>,
<ets>s</ets> being misunderstood as the plural ending; OE.
<ets>ridels</ets>, <ets>redels</ets>. AS. r<?/dels; akin to D.
<ets>raadsel</ets>, G. <ets>r\'84thsel</ets>; fr. AS.
<ets>r<?/dan</ets> to counsel or advise, also, to guess.
<root/116. Cf. <er>Read</er>.]</ety> <def>Something proposed to
be solved by guessing or conjecture; a puzzling question; an
ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything ambiguous or
puzzling.</def>

<q>To wring from me, and tell to them, my secret,
That solved the <qex>riddle</qex> which I had proposed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>'T was a strange <qex>riddle</qex> of a lady.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>

<hw>Rid"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To explain; to solve; to
unriddle.</def>

<q><qex>Riddle</qex> me this, and guess him if you can.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Rid"dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To speak ambiguously or
enigmatically.</def> \'bdLysander <xex>riddels</xex> very
prettily.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rid"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>One who riddles
(grain, sand, etc.).</def>

<hw>Rid"dler</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who speaks in, or
propounds, riddles.</def>

<hw>Rid"dling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Speaking in a
riddle or riddles; containing a riddle.</def>
\'bd<xex>Riddling</xex> triplets.\'b8  <au>Tennyson</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Rid"dling</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Rode</er> <pr>(r<omac/d)</pr>
(<er>Rid</er> [r<icr/d], <mark>archaic</mark>); <pos>p. p.</pos>
<er>Ridden</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr> (<er>Rid</er>,
<mark>archaic</mark>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Riding</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'c6dan</ets>; akin
to LG. <ets>riden</ets>, D. <ets>rijden</ets>, G.
<ets>reiten</ets>, OHG. <ets>r\'c6tan</ets>, Icel.
<ets>r\'c6<edh/a</ets>, Sw. <ets>rida</ets>, Dan.
<ets>ride</ets>; cf. L. <ets>raeda</ets> a carriage, which is
from a Celtic word.  Cf. <er>Road</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse.</def>

<q>To-morrow, when ye <qex>riden</qex> by the way.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Let your master <qex>ride</qex> on before, and do you gallop
after him.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be borne in a carriage; <as>as, to
<ex>ride</ex> in a coach, in a car, and the like</as>. See
Synonym, below.</def>

<q>The richest inhabitants exhibited their wealth, not by
<qex>riding</qex> in gilden carriages, but by walking the streets
with trains of servants.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to
lie.</def>

<q>Men once walked where ships at anchor <qex>ride</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be supported in motion; to rest.</def>

<q>Strong as the exletree
On which heaven <qex>rides</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>On whose foolish honesty
My practices <qex>ride</qex> easy!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To manage a horse, as an equestrian.</def>

<q>He <qex>rode</qex>, he fenced, he moved with graceful
ease.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To support a rider, as a horse; to move under
the saddle; <as>as, a horse <ex>rides</ex> easy or hard, slow or
fast</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To ride easy</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lie at
anchor without violent pitching or straining at the cables.</cd>
-- <col>To ride hard</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to pitch
violently.</cd> -- <col>To ride out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go
upon a military expedition.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To ride in the open air.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To ride to hounds</col>, <cd>to
ride behind, and near to, the hounds in hunting.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Drive.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ride</er>,
<er>Drive</er>. <xex>Ride</xex> originally meant (and is so used
throughout the English Bible) to be carried on horseback or in a
vehicle of any kind. At present in England, <xex>drive</xex> is
the word applied in most cases to progress in a carriage; as, a
<xex>drive</xex> around the park, etc.; while <xex>ride</xex> is
appropriated to progress on a horse. Johnson seems to sanction
this distinction by giving \'bdto <xex>travel</xex> on
horseback\'b8 as the leading sense of <xex>ride</xex>; though he
adds \'bdto <xex>travel</xex> in a vehicle\'b8 as a secondary
sense. This latter use of the word still occurs to some extent;
as, the queen <xex>rides</xex> to Parliament in her coach of
state; to <xex>ride</xex> in an omnibus.</usage>

<q>\'bdWill you <qex>ride</qex> over or <qex>drive</qex>?\'b8
said Lord Willowby to his quest, after breakfast that
morning.</q>
<qau>W. Black.</qau>

<hw>Ride</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sit on, so as
to be carried; <as>as, to <ex>ride</ex> a horse; to <ex>ride</ex>
a bicycle.</as></def>

<q>[They] rend up both rocks and hills, and <qex>ride</qex> the
air
In whirlwind.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To manage insolently at will; to domineer
over.</def>

<q>The nobility could no longer endure to be <qex>ridden</qex> by
bakers, cobblers, and brewers.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To convey, as by riding; to make or do by
riding.</def>

<q>Tue only men that safe can <qex>ride</qex>
Mine errands on the Scottish side.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To overlap (each other); --
said of bones or fractured fragments.</def>

<cs><col>To ride a hobby</col>, <cd>to have some favorite
occupation or subject of talk.</cd> -- <col>To ride and
tie</col>, <cd>to take turn with another in labor and rest; --
from the expedient adopted by two persons with one horse, one of
whom <xex>rides<xex> the animal a certain distance, and then
<xex>ties<xex> him for the use of the other, who is coming up on
foot. <au>Fielding</au>.</cd> -- <col>To ride down</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To ride over; to trample down in riding; to
overthrow by riding against; <as>as, <ex>to ride down<ex> an
enemy</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To bear
down, as on a halyard when hoisting a sail.</cd> -- <col>To ride
out</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to keep safe afloat during (a
storm) while riding at anchor or when hove to on the open sea;
<as>as, <ex>to ride out<ex> the gale</as>.</cd></cs>
<-- <col>to ride the lightning</col>, (Colloq.) <cd>to be
executed by electrocution in an electric chair.</cd> -->

<hw>Ride</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of riding;
an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A saddle horse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Wright.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through
grounds, to be used as a place for riding; a riding.</def>

<hw>Ri*dean"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small
ridge.</def>

<hw>Rid"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.
pl. & p. p.</pos> of <er>Ride</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ri"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ridens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ridere</ets> to laugh.]</ety>
<def>Laughing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<hw>Rid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, rides.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of
goods to obtain orders; a commercial traveler.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who breaks or manages a horse.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>An addition or amendment to a manuscript or
other document, which is attached on a separate piece of paper;
in legislative practice, an additional clause annexed to a bill
while in course of passage; something extra or burdensome that is
imposed.</def>

<q>After the third reading, a foolish man stood up to propose a
<qex>rider</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<q>This [question] was a <qex>rider</qex> which Mab found
difficult to answer.</q>
<qau>A. S. Hardy.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A problem of more than usual
difficulty added to another on an examination paper.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[D. <ets>rijder</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Dutch gold
coin having the figure of a man on horseback stamped upon
it.</def>

<q>His moldy money ! half a dozen <qex>riders</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Rock material in a vein of
ore, dividing it.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>An interior rib
occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to
the beame of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame.</def>

<au>Totten.</au>

<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The second tier of casks in a
vessel's hold.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>A small forked weight which straddles the beam
of a balance, along which it can be moved in the manner of the
weight on a steelyard.</def>

<sn>11.</sn> <def>A robber.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>

<au>Drummond.</au>

<cs><col>Rider's bone</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a bony deposit
in the muscles of the upper and inner part of the thigh, due to
the pressure and irritation caused by the saddle in
riding.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rid"er*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no rider; <as>as,
a <ex>riderless</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<au>H. Kingsley.</au>

<hw>Ridge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rigge</ets> the back, AS. <ets>hrycg</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>rug</ets>, G. <ets>r\'9acken</ets>, OHG. <ets>rucki</ets>,
<ets>hrukki</ets>, Icel. <ets>hryggr</ets>, Sw. <ets>rugg</ets>,
Dan. <ets>ryg</ets>. <root/16.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The back,
or top of the back; a crest.</def>

<au>Hudibras.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part
of such a range; any extended elevation between valleys.</def>
\'bdThe frozen <xex>ridges</xex> of the Alps.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Part rise crystal wall, or <qex>ridge</qex> direct.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up
by a plow or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the
surface of metal, cloth, or bone, etc.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The intersection of two
surface forming a salient angle, especially the angle at the top
between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The highest portion of the
glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered
way.</def>

<au>Stocqueler.</au>

<hw>Ridge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ridged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ridging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form a ridge
of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make into a ridge or
ridges.</def>

<q>Bristles ranged like those that <qex>ridge</qex> the back
Of chafed wild boars.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form into ridges with the plow, as
land.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wrinkle.</def> \'bdWith a forehead
<xex>ridged</xex>.\'b8

<au>Cowper.</au>

<hw>Ridge"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part of
a harness which passes over the saddle, and supports the shafts
of a cart; -- called also <altname>ridgerope</altname>, and
<altname>ridger</altname>.</def>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<hw>Ridge"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
backbone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Blood . . . lying cluttered about the
<qex>ridgebone</qex>.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>

<hw>Ridg"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ridgelling</er>.</def>

<hw>Ridge"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
ridge.</def>

<hw>Ridge"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>riggilt</ets>, <ets>riggot</ets>, ananimal half castrated, a
sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov. G. <ets>rigel</ets>,
<ets>rig</ets>, a barrow hog, <ets>rigler</ets> a cock half
castrated.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A half-castrated
male animal.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ridge"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ridge"plate`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ridgepole</er>.</def>

<hw>Ridge"pole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The timber forming the ridge of a roof,
into which the rafters are secured.</def>

<hw>Ridge"rope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Life line</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>,
under <er>Life</er>.</def>

<hw>Ridg"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to
form ridges.</def>

<hw>Ridg"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a ridge
or ridges; rising in a ridge.</def> \'bdLifted on a
<xex>ridgy</xex> wave.\'b8

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Rid"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Ridicule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<hw>Rid"i*cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ridicule</ets>, L. <ets>ridiculum</ets> a jest, fr.
<ets>ridiculus</ets>. See <er>Ridiculous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing
matter.</def>

<q>[Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies
made him the <qex>ridicule</qex> of his contemporaries.</q>
<qau>Buckle.</qau>

<q>To the people . . . but a trifle, to the king but a
<qex>ridicule</qex>.</q>
<qau>Foxe.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Remarks concerning a subject or a person
designed to excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of
that species which provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement
by making a person an object of laughter; banter; -- a term
lighter than <xex>derision</xex>.</def>

<q>We have in great measure restricted the meaning of
<qex>ridicule</qex>, which would properly extend over whole
region of the ridiculous, -- the laughable, -- and we have
narrowed it so that in common usage it mostly corresponds to
\'bdderision\'b8, which does indeed involve personal and
offensive feelings.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>

<q>Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne,
Yet touched and shamed by <qex>ridicule</qex> alone.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Quality of being ridiculous;
ridiculousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>To see the <qex>ridicule</qex> of this practice.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery;
irony; satire; sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Ridicule</er>, <er>Derision</er>, Both words imply
disapprobation; but <xex>ridicule</xex> usually signifies
good-natured, fun-loving opposition without manifest malice,
while <xex>derision</xex> is commonly bitter and scornful, and
sometimes malignant.</usage><-- ridicule is now usually
malicious.  RIbbing or kidding is good-natured -->

<hw>Rid"i*cule</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ridiculed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Ridiculing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To laugh at
mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule toward or
respecting.</def>

<q>I 've known the young, who <qex>ridiculed</qex> his rage.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize;
lampoon. See <er>Deride</er>.</syn>

<-- p. 1241 -->

<hw>Rid"i*cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>Ridiculous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>This action . . . became so <qex>ridicule</qex>.</q>
<qau>Aubrey.</qau>

<hw>Rid"i*cu`ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
ridicules.</def>

<hw>Ri*dic"u*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
make ridiculous; to ridicule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Ri*dic`u*los"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also,
something ridiculous.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<au>Bailey.</au>

<hw>Ri*dic"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ridiculosus</ets>, <ets>ridiculus</ets>, fr.
<ets>ridere</ets> to laigh. Cf. <er>Risible</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable;
unworthy of serious consideration; <as>as, a <ex>ridiculous</ex>
dress or behavior</as>.</def>

<q>Agricola, discerning that those little targets and unwieldy
glaives ill pointed would soon become <qex>ridiculous</qex>
against the thrust and close, commanded three Batavian cohorts .
. . to draw up and come to handy strokes.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Involving or expressing ridicule.</def>
<mark>[r.]</mark>

<q>[It] provokes me to <qex>ridiculous</qex> smiling.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical;
absurd; preposterous. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.</syn>

--- <wordforms><wf>Ri*dic"u*lous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Ri*dic"u*lous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rid"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>thriding</ets>, Icel. <ets>pr<?/jungr</ets> the third part,
fr. <ets>pri<?/i</ets> third, akin to E. <ets>third</ets>. See
<er>Third</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the three jurisdictions into
which the county of York, in England, is divided; -- formerly
under the government of reeve. They are called the
<xex>North</xex>, the <xex>East</xex>, and the <xex>West</xex>,
<xex>Riding</xex>.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au>

<hw>Rid"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Employed to
travel; traveling; <as>as, a <ex>riding</ex> clerk</as>.</def>
\'bdOne <xex>riding</xex> apparitor.\'b8

<au>Ayliffe.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Used for riding on; <as>as, a <ex>riding</ex>
horse</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to
riding; <as>as, a <ex>riding</ex> whip; a <ex>riding</ex> habit;
a <ex>riding</ex> day.</as></def>

<cs><col>Riding clerk</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A clerk who
traveled for a commercial house</cd>. <mark>[Obs. Eng.]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One of the \'bdsix clerks\'b8 formerly attached
to the English Court of Chancery.</cd> -- <col>Riding hood</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hood formerly worn by women when riding</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A kind of cloak with a hood.</cd> -- <col>Riding
master</col>, <cd>an instructor in horsemanship.</cd> --
<col>Riding rhyme</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>the meter of five
accents, with couplet rhyme; -- probably so called from the
mounted pilgrims described in the Canterbury Tales. <au>Dr.
Guest</au>.</cd> -- <col>Riding school</col>, <cd>a school or
place where the art of riding is taught.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rid"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or state
of one who rides.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A festival procession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>When there any <qex>riding</qex> was in Cheap.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Ride</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>

<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A district in charge of an excise officer.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ri*dot"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr.
LL. <ets>reductus</ets> a retreat. See <er>Redoubt</er>.]</ety>
<def>A favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music
and dancing, -- held generally on fast eves.</def>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<q>There are to be <qex>ridottos</qex> at guinea tickets.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>

<hw>Ri*dot"to</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hold ridottos.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>J. G. Cooper.</au>

<hw>Rie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rye</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Holland.</au>

<cs><col>Rie grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
kind of wild barley (<spn>Hordeum pratense</spn>)</cd>. <au>Dr.
Prior</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Ray grass. <au>Dr.
Prior</au>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rief</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reave</er>.]</ety> <def>Robbery.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Riet"boc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>riet</ets> reed + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The reedbuck, a South African antelope
(<spn>Cervicapra arundinacea</spn>); -- so called from its
frequenting dry places covered with high grass or reeds. Its
color is yellowish brown. Called also
<altname>inghalla</altname>, and
<altname>rietbok</altname>.</def>

<hw>Rife</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r\'c6f</ets> abundant, or Icel. <ets>r\'c6fr</ets>
munificent; akin to OD. <ets>riff</ets>, <ets>rijve</ets>,
abundant.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Prevailing; prevalent;
abounding.</def>

<q>Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were
<qex>rife</qex> and mortal.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<q>Even now the tumult of loud mirth
Was <qex>rife</qex>, and perfect in may listening ear.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having power; active; nimble.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>What! I am <qex>rife</qex> a little yet.</q>
<qau>J. Webster.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rife"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rife"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rif"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. G.
<ets>riffeln</ets>, <ets>riefeln</ets>, to groove. Cf.
<er>Rifle</er> a gun.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A trough or
sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for
holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when
auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the cleats, grooves, or
steps in such a trough. Also called <xex>ripple</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rif"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Riffle</er>.]</ety> <def>A curved file used in carving wool
and marble.</def>

<hw>Riff"raff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rif and raf</ets> every particle, OF. <ets>rif et raf</ets>.
CF. <er>Raff</er>, <ets>and 1st</ets> <er>Rifle</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society.</def>

<au>Beau & Fl.</au>

<hw>Ri"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rifled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rifling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rifler</ets> to rifle,
sweep away; of uncertain origin. CF. <er>Raff</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away;
to carry off.</def>

<q>Till time shall <qex>rifle</qex> every youthful grace.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strip; to rob; to pillage.</def>

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<q>Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye:
If not, we'll make you sit and <qex>rifle</qex> you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To raffle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>J. Webster.</au>

<hw>Ri"fle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
raffle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chapman.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To commit robbery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Ri"fle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to Dan.
<ets>rifle</ets>, or <ets>riffel</ets>, the rifle of a gun, a
chamfer (cf. <ets>riffel</ets>, <ets>riffel</ets>b\'94sse, a
rifle gun, <ets>rifle</ets> to rifle a gun, G.
<ets>riefeln</ets>, <ets>riefen</ets>, to chamfer, groove), and
E. <ets>rive</ets>. See <er>Rive</er>, and cf. <er>Riffle</er>,
<er>Rivel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A gun, the inside of
whose barrel is grooved with spiral channels, thus giving the
ball a rotary motion and insuring greater accuracy of fire. As a
military firearm it has superseded the musket.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of
soldiers armed with rifles.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar
material, used for sharpening scythes.</def>

<cs><col>Rifle pit</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a trench for
sheltering sharpshooters.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ri"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To grove; to channel; especially, to groove internally with
spiral channels; <as>as, to <ex>rifle</ex> a gun barrel or a
cannon</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To whet with a rifle. See <er>Rifle</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>

<hw>Ri"fle*bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of
beautiful birds of Australia and New Guinea, of the genera
<spn>Ptiloris</spn> and <spn>Craspidophora</spn>, allied to the
paradise birds.</def>

<note><hand/ The largest and best known species is <spn>Ptiloris
paradisea</spn> of Australia. Its general color is rich velvety
brown, glossed with lilac; the under parts are varied with rich
olive green, and the head, throat, and two middle tail feathers
are brilliant metallic green.</note>

<hw>Ri"fle*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rifleman</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>
<def>A soldier armed with a rifle.</def>

<hw>Ri"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rifles;
a robber.</def>

<hw>Ri"fling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled cannon
or gun barrel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The system of grooves in a
rifled gun barrel or cannon.</def>

<cs><col>Shunt rifling</col>, <cd>rifling for cannon, in which
one side of the groove is made deeper than the other, to
facilitate loading with shot having projections which enter by
the deeper part of the grooves.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Rive</er>.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rift</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>reft</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Dan. <ets>rift</ets>, fr.
<ets>rieve</ets> to rend. See <er>Rive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a
fissure.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shallow place in a stream; a ford.</def>

<hw>Rift</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rifted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rifting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cleave; to rive; to split;
<as>as, to <ex>rift</ex> an oak or a rock; to <ex>rift</ex> the
clouds.</as></def>

<au>Longfellow.</au>

<q>To dwell these <qex>rifted</qex> rocks between.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>

<hw>Rift</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burst open;
to split.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Timber . . . not apt to <qex>rif</qex> with ordnance.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To belch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Rift"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rafter.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Holland.</au>

<hw>Rig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Ridge</er>.]</ety> <def>A ridge.</def> <mark>[Prov. or
Scott.]</mark>

<hw>Rig</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rigged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rigging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Norweg.
<ets>rigga</ets> to bind, particularly, to wrap round, rig; cf.
AS. <ets>wr\'c6han</ets> to cover.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an
odd or fanciful manner; -- commonly followed by
<xex>out</xex>.</def>

<q>Jack was <qex>rigged</qex> out in his gold and silver
lace.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>

<cs><col>To rig a purchase</col>, <cd>to adapt apparatus so as to
get a purchase for moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle,
capstan, etc.</cd> -- <col>To rig a ship</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, etc.,
to their respective masts and yards.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rig</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of
sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are
distinguished; <as>as, schooner <ex>rig</ex>, ship <ex>rig</ex>,
etc.</as>  See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hw>Rig</hw>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Wriggle</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming
conduct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A blast of wind.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Wright.</au>

<q>That uncertain season before the <qex>rigs</qex> of Michaelmas
were yet well composed.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<cs><col>To run a rig</col>, <cd>to play a trick; to engage in a
frolic; to do something strange and unbecoming.</cd></cs>

<q>He little dreamt when he set out
Of <qex>running</qex> such <qex>a rig</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<hw>Rig</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the wanton; to act in
an unbecoming manner; to play tricks.</def>
\'bd<xex>Rigging</xex> and rifling all ways.\'b8

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Rig</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make free with; hence, to
steal; to pilfer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<au>Tusser.</au>

<cs><col>To rig the market</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>,
<cd>to raise or lower market prices, as by some fraud or
trick.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark></cs>

<hw>Rig`a*doon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rigadon</ets>, <ets>rigaudon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gay,
lively dance for one couple, -- said to have been borrowed from
Provence in France.</def>

<au>W. Irving.</au>

<q>Whose dancing dogs in <qex>rigadoons</qex> excel.</q>
<qau>Wolcott.</qau>

<hw>Ri"ga fir`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <ety>[So called from
<ets>Riga</ets>, a city in Russia.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A species of pine (<spn>Pinus sylvestris</spn>), and its
wood, which affords a valuable timber; -- called also
<altname>Scotch pine</altname>, and <altname>red <or/ yellow
deal</altname>. It grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus,
and in Siberia.</def>

<hw>Ri*ga"rion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rigatio</ets>, fr. <ets>rigare</ets> to water.]</ety>
<def>See <er>Irrigation</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ri"gel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>rijl</ets>, properly, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>
<def>A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the
constellation Orion.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Regel</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ri*ges"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rigescens</ets>, p. pr. fr. <ets>rigescere</ets> to grow
stiff.]</ety> <def>Growing stiff or numb.</def>

<hw>Rig"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging
of a ship.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rig"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>DRess; tackle;
especially <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, the ropes, chains, etc., that
support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases
for adjusting the sails, etc. See <xex>Illustr</xex>. of
<er>Ship</er> and <er>Sails</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Running rigging</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>all those
ropes used in bracing the yards, making and shortening sail,
etc., such as braces, sheets, halyards, clew lines, and the
like.</cd> -- <col>Standing rigging</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>the shrouds and stays.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rig"gish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a rig or
wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Riggish</xex> and
unmaidenly.\'b8

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Rig"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Wriggle</er>.</def>

<hw>Rig"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The European lance
fish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Right</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>right</ets>, <ets>riht</ets>, AS. <ets>riht</ets>; akin to
D. <ets>regt</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>reht</ets>, G.
<ets>recht</ets>, Dan. <ets>ret</ets>, Sw. r\'84tt, Icel.
<ets>r\'89ttr</ets>, Goth. <ets>ra\'a1hts</ets>, L.
<ets>rectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule; cf.
Skr. <ets><?/ju</ets> straight, right. <root/115. Cf.
<er>Adroit</er>,<er>Alert</er>, <er>Correct</er>, <er>Dress</er>,
<er>Regular</er>, <er>Rector</er>, <er>Recto</er>,
<er>Rectum</er>, <er>Regent</er>, <er>Region</er>,
<er>Realm</er>, <er>Rich</er>, <er>Riyal</er>,
<er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Straight; direct; not
crooked; <as>as, a <ex>right</ex> line.</def> \'bd<ex>Right</ex>
as any line</as>.\'b8

<au> Chaucer</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Upright; erect from a base; having an upright
axis; not oblique; <as>as, <ex>right</ex> ascension; a
<ex>right</ex> pyramid or cone.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Conformed to the constitution of man and the
will of God, or to justice and equity; not deviating from the
true and just; according with truth and duty; just; true.</def>

<q>That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is absolutely
<qex>right</qex>, and is called <qex>right</qex> simply without
relation to a special end.</q>
<qau>Whately.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming;
<as>as, the <ex>right</ex> man in the <ex>right</ex> place; the
<ex>right</ex> way from London to Oxford.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Characterized by reality or genuineness; real;
actual; not spurious.</def> \'bdHis <xex>right</xex> wife.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>In this battle, . . . the Britons never more plainly
manifested themselves to be <qex>right</qex> barbarians.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>According with truth; passing a true judgment;
conforming to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not
erroneous; correct; <as>as, this is the <ex>right</ex>
faith</as>.</def>

<q>You are <qex>right</qex>, Justice, and you weigh this
well.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is . .
. <qex>right</qex>, \'bdLet us eat and drink, for to-morrow we
die.\'b8</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Most favorable or convenient; fortunate.</def>

<q>The lady has been disappointed on the <qex>right</qex>
side.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man
on which the muscular action is usually stronger than on the
other side; -- opposed to <xex>left</xex> when used in reference
to a part of the body; <as>as, the <ex>right</ex> side, hand,
arm</as>. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower
animals.</def>

<q>Became the sovereign's favorite, his <qex>right</qex>
hand.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>

<note><hand/ In designating the banks of a river,
<xex>right</xex> and <xex>left</xex> are used always with
reference to the position of one who is facing in the direction
of the current's flow.</note>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly;
well regulated; correctly done.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>Designed to be placed or worn outward; <as>as,
the <ex>right</ex> side of a piece of cloth</as>.</def>

<cs><col>At right angles</col>, <cd>so as to form a right angle
or right angles, as when one line crosses another
perpendicularly.</cd> -- <col>Right and left</col>, <cd>in both
or all directions.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Right and
left coupling</col> <fld>(Pipe fitting)</fld>, <cd>a coupling the
opposite ends of which are tapped for a right-handed screw and a
left-handed screw, respectivelly.</cd> -- <col>Right angle</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The angle formed by one line meeting another
perpendicularly, as the angles <xex>ABD<xex>, <xex>DBC<xex>.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Spherics)</fld> <cd>A spherical angle included
between the axes of two great circles whose planes are
perpendicular to each other.</cd> -- <col>Right ascension</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Ascension</er>.</cd> -- <col>Right Center</col>
<fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>those members belonging to the Center
in a legislative assembly who have sympathies with the Right on
political questions. See <er>Center</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>Right cone</col>, <col>Right cylinder</col>,
<col>Right prism</col>, <col>Right pyramid</col></mcol>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a cone, cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the
axis of which is perpendicular to the base.</cd> -- <col>Right
line</col>. <cd>See under <er>Line</er>.</cd> -- <col>Right
sailing</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>sailing on one of the four
cardinal points, so as to alter a ship's latitude or its
longitude, but not both. <au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.<cd></cd> --
<col>Right sphere</col> <fld>(Astron. & Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a
sphere in such a position that the equator cuts the horizon at
right angles; in spherical projections, that position of the
sphere in which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of
the equator.</cd></cs>

<note><hand/ <xex>Right</xex> is used elliptically for <xex>it is
right</xex>, <xex>what you say is right</xex>,
<xex>true</xex>.</note>

<q>\'bd<qex>Right</qex>,\'b8 cries his lordship.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful;
rightful; true; correct; just; equitable; proper; suitable;
becoming.</syn>

<hw>Right</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a right
manner.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a right or straight line; directly; hence;
straightway; immediately; next; <as>as, he stood <ex>right</ex>
before me; it went <ex>right</ex> to the mark; he came
<ex>right</ex> out; he followed <ex>right</ex> after the
guide.</as></def>

<q>Unto Dian's temple goeth she <qex>right</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Let thine eyes look <qex>right</qex> on.</q>
<qau>Prov. iv. 25.</qau>

<q><qex>Right</qex> across its track there lay,
Down in the water, a long reef of gold.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exactly; just.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Colloq.]</mark>

<q>Came he <qex>right</qex> now to sing a raven's note?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>According to the law or will of God; conforming
to the standard of truth and justice; righteously; <as>as, to
live <ex>right</ex>; to judge <ex>right</ex>.</as></def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>According to any rule of art; correctly.</def>

<q>You with strict discipline instructed <qex>right</qex>.</q>
<qau>Roscommon.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>According to fact or truth; actually; truly;
really; correctly; exactly; <as>as, to tell a story
<ex>right</ex></as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Right</xex> at mine own
cost.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q><qex>Right</qex> as it were a steed of Lumbardye.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>His wounds so smarted that he slept <qex>right</qex>
naught.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly;
extremely; highly; <as>as, <ex>right</ex> humble; <ex>right</ex>
noble; <ex>right</ex> valiant</as>.</def> \'bdHe was not
<xex>right</xex> fat\'b8.

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>For which I should be <qex>right</qex> sorry.</q>
<qau>Tyndale.</qau>

<q>[I] return those duties back as are <qex>right</qex> fit.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<note><hand/ In this sense now chiefly prefixed to titles; as,
<xex>right</xex> honorable; <xex>right</xex> reverend.</note>

<cs><col>Right honorable</col>, <cd>a title given in England to
peers and peeresses, to the eldest sons and all daughters of such
peers as have rank above viscounts, and to all privy councilors;
also, to certain civic officers, as the lord mayor of London, of
York, and of Dublin.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 1242 -->

<note><hand/ <xex>Right</xex> is used in composition with other
adverbs, as up<xex>right</xex>, down<xex>right</xex>,
forth<xex>right</xex>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Right along</col>, <cd>without cessation; continuously;
as, to work <xex>right along</xex> for several hours.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Right away</col>, <or/
<col>Right off</col></mcol>, <cd>at once; straightway; without
delay. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> \'bdWe will . . . shut
ourselves up in the office and do the work <xex>right
off<xex>.\'b8</cd> <au>D. Webster.</au></cs>

<hw>Right</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>right</ets>. See <er>Right</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is right or correct.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The straight course; adherence to
duty; obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom
from guilt, -- the opposite of moral <xex>wrong</xex>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A true statement; freedom from error of
falsehood; adherence to truth or fact.</def>

<q>Seldom your opinions err;
Your eyes are always in the <qex>right</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A just judgment or action; that which is true
or proper; justice; uprightness; integrity</def>.

<q>Long love to her has borne the faithful knight,
And well deserved, had fortune done him <qex>right</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That to which one has a just claim.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which one has a natural
claim to exact.</def>

<q>There are no <qex>rights</qex> whatever, without corresponding
duties.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>That which one has a legal or social claim to
do or to exact; legal power; authority; <as>as, a sheriff has a
<ex>right</ex> to arrest a criminal</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim
to possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a
piece of property; title; claim; interest; ownership</def>.

<q>Born free, he sought his <qex>right</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>Hast thou not <qex>right</qex> to all created things?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Men have no <qex>right</qex> to what is not reasonable.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Privilege or immunity granted by
authority</def>.

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The right side; the side opposite to the
left.</def>

<q>Led her to the Souldan's <qex>right</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in
France), those members collectively who are conservatives or
monarchists. See <er>Center</er>, 5.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>The outward or most finished surface, as of a
piece of cloth, a carpet, etc.</def>

<cs><col>At all right</col>, <cd>at all points; in all respects.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of
rights</col>, <cd>a list of rights; a paper containing a
declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. See under
<er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>By right</col>, <col>By
rights</col>, <or/ <col>By good rights</col></mcol>, <cd>rightly;
properly; correctly.</cd>

<q>He should himself use it <qex>by right</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>I should have been a woman <qex>by right</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

-- <col>Divine right</col>, <or/ <col>Divine right of
kings</col>, <cd>a name given to the patriarchal theory of
government, especially to the doctrine that no misconduct and no
dispossession can forfeit the right of a monarch or his heirs to
the throne, and to the obedience of the people.</cd> -- <col>To
rights</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In a direct line; straight.</cd>
<mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Woodward</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>At once;
directly.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> <au>Swift</au>. --
<mcol><col>To set to rights</col>, <col>To put to
rights</col></mcol>, <cd>to put in good order; to adjust; to
regulate, as what is out of order.</cd> -- <col>Writ of
right</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ which lay to recover
lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner.</cd>
<au>Blackstone</au>.</cs>

<hw>Right</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Righted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Righting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>rihtan</ets>. See
<er>Right</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring or
restore to the proper or natural position; to set upright; to
make right or straight (that which has been wrong or crooked); to
correct.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to
restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of; <as>as, to
<ex>right the oppressed</ex>; <ex>to right</ex> one's self</as>;
also, to vindicate.</def>

<q>So just is God, to <qex>right</qex> the innocent.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to
suffer while evils are sufferable, than to <qex>right</qex>
themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are
accustomed.</q>
<qau>Jefferson.</qau>

<cs><col>To right a vessel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to
restore her to an upright position after careening.</cd> --
<col>To right the helm</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to place it
in line with the keel.</cd></cs>

<hw>Right</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To recover the
proper or natural condition or position; to become upright.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hence, to regain an upright
position, as a ship or boat, after careening.</def>

<hw>Right"-a*bout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Right</ets>, adv. + <ets>about</ets>, adv.]</ety>
<def>A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the
opposite direction; also, the quarter directly opposite; <as>as,
to turn to the <ex>right-about</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>To send to the right-about</col>, <cd>to cause to turn
toward the opposite point or quarter; -- hence, of troops, to
cause to turn and retreat. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<hw>Right"-an`gled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Containing a right angle or right angles; <as>as, a
<ex>right-angled</ex> triangle</as>.</def>

<hw>Right"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To do
justice to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Relieve [marginal reading, <qex>righten</qex>] the
opressed.</q>
<qau>Isa. i. 17.</qau>

<hw>Right"eous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rightways</ets>, <ets>rightwise</ets>,
AS.<ets>rightw\'c6s</ets>; <ets>riht</ets> right +
<ets>w\'c6s</ets> wise, having wisdom, prudent. See
<er>Right</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Wise</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Doing, or according with, that which is
right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially,
free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; <as>as, a
<ex>righteous</ex> man or act; a <ex>righteous</ex>
retribution</as>.</def>

<q>Fearless in his <qex>righteous</qex> cause.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous;
honest; equitable; rightful.</syn>

<hw>Right"eoused</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made
righteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Right"eous*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rightw\'c6sl\'c6ce</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a righteous manner;
<as>as, to judge <ex>righteously</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Right"eous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rihtw\'c6snes</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or
state of being righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness;
rectitude.</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>Righteousness</xex>, as used in Scripture and
theology, in which it chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to
<xex>holiness</xex>, comprehending holy principles and affections
of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A righteous act, or righteous quality.</def>

<q>All our <qex>righteousnesses</qex> are as filthy rags.</q>
<qau>Isa. lxiv. 6.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or conduct of one who is
righteous.</def>

<q>Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth
<qex>right<?/<?/<?/ness</qex> at all times.</q>
<qau>Ps. cvi. 3.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The state of being right
with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground
justification.</def>

<q>There are two kinds of Christian <qex>righteousness</qex>: the
one without us, which we have by imputation; the other in us,
which consisteth of faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian
virtues.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<q>Only for the <qex>righteousness</qex> of Christ imputed to us,
and received by faith alone.</q>
<qau>Westminster Catechism.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Uprightness; holiness; godliness; equity; justice;
rightfulness; integryty; honesty; faithfulness.</syn>

<hw>Right"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who sets
right; one who does justice or redresses wrong.</def>

<au>Shelton.</au>

<hw>Right"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consonant to justice; just; <as>as, a
<ex>rightful</ex> cause</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having the right or just claim according to
established laws; being or holding by right; <as>as, the
<ex>rightful</ex> heir to a throne or an estate; a
<ex>rightful</ex> king.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by
just claim; <as>as, a <ex>rightful</ex> inheritance;
<ex>rightful</ex> authority.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Just; lawful; true; honest; equitable; proper.</syn>

<hw>Right"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According to right or
justice.</def>

<hw>Right"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
quality or state of being rightful; accordance with right and
justice.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moral rectitude; righteousness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Wyclif.</au>

<q>We fail of perfect <qex>rightfulness</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>

<hw>Right"-hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than
the left; <as>as, the <ex>right-hand</ex> side, room, or
road</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable.</def>

<q>Mr. Alexander Truncheon, who is their <qex>right-hand</qex>
man in the troop.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<cs><col>Right-hand rope</col>, <cd>a rope which is laid up and
twisted with the sun, that is, in the same direction as
plain-laid rope. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Cordage</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Right"*hand`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Using the
right hand habitually, or more easily than the left.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the same direction or course as the
movement of the hands of a watch seen in front; -- said of the
motion of a revolving object looked at from a given
direction.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the whorls rising
from left to right; dextral; -- said of spiral shells. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Scalaria</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Right-handed screw</col>, <cd>a screw, the threads of
which, like those of a common wood screw, wind spirally in such a
direction that screw advances away from the observer when turned
with a right-handed movement in a fixed nut.</cd></cs>

<hw>Right"-hand`ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or
quality of being right-handed; hence, skill; dexterity.</def>

<hw>Right"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a right heart or disposition.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Right"-heart`ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Right"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of right.</def>

<au>Sylvester.</au>

<hw>Right"-lined`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed by
right lines; rectilineal; <as>as, a <ex>right-lined</ex>
angle</as>.</def>

<hw>Right"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>richtlice</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Straightly;
directly; in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>According to justice; according to the divine
will or moral rectitude; uprightly; <as>as, duty <ex>rightly</ex>
performed</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately.</def>

<q>Eve <qex>rightly</qex> called, Mother of all mankind.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>According to truth or fact; correctly; not
erroneously; exactly.</def> \'bdI can not <xex>rightly</xex>
say.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Thou didst not <qex>rightly</qex> see.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Right"-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
right or honest mind.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Right"-mind`ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Right"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>richtnes</ets>.]</ety> . <def>Straightness; <as>as, the
<ex>rightness</ex> of a line</as>.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being right; right
relation.</def>

<q>The craving for <qex>rightness</qex> with God.</q>
<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>

<hw>Right"-run`ning</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Straight; direct.</def>

<hw>Right"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the
right.</def>

<q><qex>Rightward</qex> and leftward rise the rocks.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>

<hw>Right" whale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale
(<spn>Bal\'91na mysticetus</spn>), from whose mouth the best
whalebone is obtained.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any other whale
that produces valuable whalebone, as the Atlantic, or Biscay,
right whale (<spn>Bal\'91na cisarctica</spn>), and the Pacific
right whale (<spn>B. Sieboldii</spn>); a bone whale.</def>

<cs><col>Pygmy right whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
small New Zealand whale <spn>(Neobal\'91na marginata)</spn> which
is only about sixteen feet long. It produces short, but very
elastic and tough, whalebone.</cd></cs>

<hw>Right"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Righteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Wyclif.</au>

<hw>Right"wise`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make
righteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Right"wise`ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Righteously.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Right"wise`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Righteousness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>In doom and eke in <qex>rightwisnesse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rig"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rigidus</ets>, fr. <ets>rigere</ets> to be stiff or numb:
cf. F. <ets>rigide</ets>. Cf. <er>Rigor</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible.</def>

<q>Upright beams innumerable
Of <qex>rigid</qex> spears.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible;
strict; <as>as, a <ex>rigid</ex> father or master; <ex>rigid</ex>
discipline; <ex>rigid</ex> criticism; <ex>a rigid</ex>
sentence.</as></def>

<q>The more <qex>rigid</qex> order of principles in religion and
government.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Stiff; unpliant; inflexible; unyielding; strict;
exact; severe; austere; stern; rigorous; unmitigated.</syn>

<hw>Ri*gid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rigiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rigidit\'82</ets>. See
<er>Rigid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of
being rigid; want of pliability; the quality of resisting change
of from; the amount of resistance with which a body opposes
change of form; -- opposed to <xex>flexibility</xex>,
<xex>ductility</xex>, <xex>malleability</xex>, and
<xex>softness</xex>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease
or elegance.</def>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Severity; rigor.</def> <mark>[Obs. orR.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility.</syn>

<hw>Rig"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos> <def>In a rigid
manner; stiffly.</def>

<hw>Rig"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being rigid.</def>

<hw>Ri*gid"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim.
from <ets>rigid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Somewhat
rigid or stiff; <as>as, a <ex>rigidulous</ex> bristle</as>.</def>

<hw>Rig"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Print.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Reglet</er>.</def>

<hw>Rig"ma*role</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>ragman roll</ets>. See <er>Ragman's roll</er>.]</ety> <def>A
succession of confused or nonsencial statements; foolish talk;
nonsense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<q>Often one's dear friend talks something which one scruples to
call <qex>rigmarole</qex>.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<hw>Rig"ma*role</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of rigmarole;
frovolous; nonsensical; foolish.</def>

<hw>Rig"ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. also
<ets>ringol</ets>. Cf. <er>Ring</er>.]</ety> <def>A circle;
hence, a diadem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rig"oll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corruupted fr.
<ets>regal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A musical instrument formerly in
use, consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated
by beads, and played with a stick with a ball at its end.</def>
<au>Moore (Encyc. of Music. )</au>.

<hw>\'d8Ri"gor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Rigor</er>., below.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rigidity;
stiffness.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(ed.)</fld> <def>A sense of chilliness, with
contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in
the chill preceeding a fever.</def>

<cs><col>\'d8Rigor caloris</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[L., rigor
of heat]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a form of rigor mortis
induced by heat, as when the muscle of a mammal is heated to
about 50<deg/C.</cd> -- <col>\'d8Rigor mortis</col>
<pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[L. , rigor of death]</ety> , <cd>death
stiffening; the rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and
lasts till decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of
myosin by the coagulation of the contents of the individual
muscle fibers.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rig"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rigour</ets>, OF. <ets>rigour</ets>, F. <ets>rigueur</ets>,
from L. <ets>rigor</ets>, fr. <ets>rigere</ets> to be stiff. See
<er>Rigid</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rigour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The becoming stiff
or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness;
hardness.</def>

<q>The rest his look
Bound with Gorgonian <qex>rigor</qex> not to move.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Rigor</er>,
2.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Severity of climate or season; inclemency;
<as>as, the <ex>rigor</ex> of the storm; the <ex>rigors</ex> of
winter.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged
sternness; hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness;
cruelty.</def>

<q>All his <qex>rigor</qex> is turned to grief and pity.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>

<q>If I shall be condemn'd
Upon surmises, . . . I tell you
'T is <qex>rigor</qex> and not law.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Exactness without allowance, deviation, or
indulgence; strictness; <as>as, the <ex>rigor</ex> of criticism;
to execute a law with <ex>rigor</ex>; to enforce moral duties
with <ex>rigor</ex></as>; -- opposed to <ant>lenity</ant>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Severity of life; austerity; voluntary
submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification.</def>

<q>The prince lived in this convent with all the <qex>rigor</qex>
and austerity of a capuchin.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Violence; force; fury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Whose raging <qex>rigor</qex> neither steel nor brass could
stay.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity;
austerity; sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness.</syn>

<hw>Rig"or*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; -- opposed to
<xex>laxity</xex>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severity, as of style, or the like.</def>

<au>Jefferson.</au>

<hw>Rig"or*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rigoriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is rigorous; --
sometimes applied to an extreme Jansenist.</def>

<hw>Rig"or*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rigoureux</ets>, LL. <ets>rigorosus</ets>. See
<er>Rigor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Manifesting, exercising,
or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation;
scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; <as>as,
a <ex>rigorous</ex> officer of justice; a <ex>rigorous</ex>
execution of law; a <ex>rigorous</ex> definition or
demonstration.</as></def>

<q>He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock
With <qex>rigorous hands</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their
<qex>rigorous</qex> unity.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severe; intense; inclement; <as>as, a
<ex>rigorous</ex> winter</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Violent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Rigorous</xex> uproar.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe;
austere; stern; harsh; strict; exact.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rig"or*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rig"or*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>\'d8Rigs"da`ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.
See <er>Rix-dollar</er>.]</ety> <def>A Danish coin worth about
fifty-four cents. It was former unit of value in Denmark.</def>

<hw>\'d8Riks"da`ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sw.
See <er>Rix-dollar</er>.]</ety> <def>A Swedish coin worth about
twenty-seven cents. It was formerly the unit of value in
Sweden.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rig`-Ve"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See
<er>Veda</er>.</def>

<hw>Rile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Riled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Riling</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[See <er>Roil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render turbid
or muddy; to stir up; to roil.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to
vex.</def>

<note><hand/ In both senses provincial in England and colloquial
in the United States.</note>

<hw>\'d8Ri*lie"vo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[It. See
<er>Relief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp. & Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Relief</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,<xex>5</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.
<ets>rille</ets> a small channel or brook, a furrow, a chamfer,
OE. <ets>rigol</ets> a small brook, F. <ets>rigole</ets> a trench
or furrow for water, W. <ets>rhill</ets> a row, <ets>rhigol</ets>
a little ditch. <root/11.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A very small
brook; a streamlet.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rille</er>.</def>

<hw>Rill</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To run a small stream.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Prior.</au>

<hw>Rille</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>rille</ets> a furrow.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One
of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the telescope,
on the surface of the moon.</def>

<hw>Rill"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
rill.</def>

<au>Burton.</au>

<hw>Ri"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Roily.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<-- p. 1243 -->

<hw>Rim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[As.
<ets>rima</ets>, <ets>reoma</ets>, edge; cf. W. <ets>rhim</ets>,
<ets>rhimp</ets>, a rim, edge, boundary, termination, Armor,
<ets>rim</ets>. Cf. <er>Rind</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular
or curving; <as>as, the <ex>rim</ex> of a kettle or
basin</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The lower part of the abdomen.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><col>Arch rim</col> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld>, <cd>the line
between the gums and the palate.</cd> -- <col>Rim-fire
cartridge</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Cartridge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rim lock</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Lock</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rim</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rimmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a rim; to
border.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ri"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rim\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A narrow and elongated aperture; a cleft;
a fissure.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ri"mau da"han</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From the native
Oriental name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The clouded
tiger cat (<spn>Felis marmorata</spn>) of Southern Asia and the
East Indies.</def>

<hw>Rim"base`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>
<def>A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a
cannon. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Cannon</er>.</def>

<hw>Rime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rima</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rent or long aperture; a chink; a
fissure; a crack.</def>

<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>

<hw>Rime</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr\'c6m</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>rijm</ets>, Icel. <ets>hr\'c6m</ets>, Dan.
<ets>rim</ets>, Sw. <ets>rim</ets>; cf. D. <ets>rijp</ets>, G.
<ets>reif</ets>, OHG. <ets>r\'c6fo</ets>,
<ets>hr\'c6fo</ets>.]</ety> <def>White frost; hoarfrost;
congealed dew or vapor.</def>

<q>The trees were now covered with <qex>rime</qex>.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<hw>Rime</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rimed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Riming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To freeze or congeal into
hoarfrost.</def>

<hw>Rime</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>
<def>A step or round of a ladder; a rung.</def>

<hw>Rime</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rhyme. See
<er>Rhyme</er>.</def>

<au>Coleridge. Landor.</au>

<note><hand/ This spelling, which is etymologically preferable,
is coming into use again.</note>

<hw>Rime</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To rhyme. See
<er>Rhyme</er>.</def>

<hw>Rim"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rhymer; a
versifier.</def>

<hw>Rim"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tool for shaping the rimes
of a ladder.</def>

<hw>Rim"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>rimoier</ets>. See <er>Ryime</er>.]</ety> <def>To compose in
rhyme; to versify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>[Lays] <qex>rimeyed</qex> in their first Breton tongue.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rim"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An implement
for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of anything, as the
edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer.</def>

<au>Knight.</au>

<hw>Ri*mose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rimosus</ets>, fr. <ets>rima</ets> a chink: cf. F.
<ets>rimeux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of rimes,
fissures, or chinks.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having long and nearly
parallel clefts or chinks, like those in the bark of trees.</def>

<hw>Ri*mose"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rimose
manner.</def>

<hw>Ri*mos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of
being rimose.</def>

<hw>Rim"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rimose.</def>

<hw>Rim"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hrimpele</ets>, or <ets>rimpel</ets>. See Rumple.]</ety>
<def>A fold or wrinkle. See <er>Rumple</er>.</def>

<hw>Rim"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &
p. p.</pos> <er>Rimpled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rimpling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
rumple; to wrinkle.</def>

<hw>Rim"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding with
rime; frosty.</def>

<hw>Rind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rind</ets> bark, crust of bread; akin <?/<?/ OHG.
<ets>rinta</ets>, G. <ets>rinde</ets>, and probably to E.
<ets>rand</ets>, <ets>rim</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>ram</ets> to end,
rest.]</ety> <def>The external covering or coat, as of flesh,
fruit, trees, etc.; skin; hide; bark; peel; shell.</def>

<q>Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind
With all thy charms, although this corporal <qex>rind</qex>
Thou hast immanacled.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>Sweetest nu<?/ hath sourest <qex>rind</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rind</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To remove the rind of; to
bark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rin"der*pest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., fr.
<ets>rind</ets>, pl. <ets>rinder</ets>, cattle + <ets>pest</ets>
pest, plague.]</ety> <def>A highly contagious distemper or
murrain, affecting neat cattle, and less commonly sheep and
goats; -- called also <altname>cattle plague</altname>,
<altname>Russian cattle plague</altname>, and <altname>steppe
murrain</altname>.</def>

<hw>Rin"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rynele</ets>. <root/11.  See <er>Run</er>.]</ety> <def>A
small water course or gutter.</def>

<au>Ash.</au>

<hw>Rind"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
a rind.</def>

<hw>Rind"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a rind or
skin.</def>

<au>Ash.</au>

<hw>Rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rind</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
rind</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>\'d8Rin`for*zan"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It., fr. <ets>rinfor<?/ale</ets> to re\'89nforce,
strengthen.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Increasing;
strengthening; -- a direction indicating a sudden increase of
force (abbreviated <xex>rf</xex>., <xex>rfz</xex>.) Cf.
<er>Forzando</er>, and <er>Sforzando</er>.</def>

<hw>Ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Rang</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Rung</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Rung</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ringing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>hringan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>hringja</ets>,
Sw. <ets>ringa</ets>, Dan. <ets>ringe</ets>, OD.
<ets>ringhen</ets>, <ets>ringkelen</ets>. <root/19.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a
metallic body; <as>as, to <ex>ring</ex> a bell</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to
sound.</def>

<q>The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums,
Hath <qex>rung</qex> night's yawning peal.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly.</def>

<cs><col>To ring a peal</col>, <cd>to ring a set of changes on a
chime of bells.</cd> -- <col>To ring the changes upon</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Change</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To ring
in</col> <or/ <col>out</col></mcol>, <cd>to usher, attend on, or
celebrate, by the ringing of bells; <as>as, <ex>to ring out<ex>
the old year and <ex>ring in<ex> the new.
<au>Tennyson</au></as>.</cd> -- <col>To ring the bells
backward</col>, <cd>to sound the chimes, reversing the common
order; -- formerly done as a signal of alarm or danger.</cd>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au></cs>

<hw>Ring</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sound, as a
bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one.</def>

<q>Now <qex>ringen</qex> trompes loud and clarion.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Why <qex>ring</qex> not out the bells?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To practice making music with bells.</def>

<au>Holder.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a
<?/<?/inging or reverberating sound.</def>

<q>With sweeter notes each rising temple <qex>rung</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>The hall with harp and carol <qex>rang</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<q>My ears still <qex>ring</qex> with noise.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To continue to sound or vibrate; to
resound.</def>

<q>The assertion is still <qex>ringing</qex> in our ears.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be filled with report or talk; <as>as, the
whole town <ex>rings</ex> with his fame</as>.</def>

<hw>Ring</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sound;
especially, the sound of vibrating metals; <as>as, the
<ex>ring</ex> of a bell</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a
sound continued, repeated, or reverberated.</def>

<q>The <qex>ring</qex> of acclamations fresh in his ears.</q>
<qau>Bacon</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A chime, or set of bells harmonically
tuned.</def>

<q>As great and tunable a <qex>ring</qex> of bells as any in the
world.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hring</ets>, <ets>hrinc</ets>; akin to Fries.
<ets>hring</ets>, D. & G. <ets>ring</ets>, OHG. <ets>ring</ets>,
<ets>hring</ets>, Icel. <ets>hringr</ets>, DAn. & SW.
<ets>ring</ets>; cf. Russ. <ets>krug'</ets>. Cf.
<er>Harangue</er>, <er>Rank</er> a row,<er>Rink</er>.]</ety>
<def>A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a
circular line or hoop.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or
other precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the
ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; <as>as, a
wedding <ex>ring</ex></as>.</def>

<q>Upon his thumb he had of gold a <qex>ring</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>The dearest <qex>ring</qex> in Venice will I give you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A circular area in which races are or run or
other sports are performed; an arena.</def>

<q>Place me. O, place me in the dusty <qex>ring</qex>,
Where youthful charioteers contened for glory.</q>
<qau>E. Smith.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>An inclosed space in which pugilists fight;
hence, figuratively, prize fighting.</def> \'bdThe road was an
institution, the <xex>ring</xex> was an institution.\'b8

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A circular group of persons.</def>

<q>And hears the Muses in a <qex><?/<?/<?/</qex>
Aye round about Jove's alter sing.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The plane figure
included between the circumferences of two concentric
circles.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The solid generated by the
revolution of a circle, or other figure, about an exterior
straight line (as an axis) lying in the same plane as the circle
or other figure.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Astron. & Navigation)</fld> <def>An instrument,
formerly used for taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a
brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through
which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the
graduated inner surface opposite.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An elastic band partly or
wholly encircling the spore cases of ferns. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Sporangium</er>.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>A clique; an exclusive combination of persons
for a selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute
offices, obtain contracts, etc.</def>

<q>The ruling <qex>ring</qex> at Constantinople.</q>
<qau>E. A. Freeman.</qau>

<cs><col>Ring armor</col>, <cd>armor composed of rings of metal.
See <cref>Ring mail</cref>, below, and <cref>Chain mail</cref>,
under <er>Chain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring blackbird</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ring ousel.</cd> -- <col>Ring
canal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the circular water tube
which surrounds the esophagus of echinoderms.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Ring dotterel</col>, <or/ <col>Ringed
dotterel</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Dotterel</er>, and <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Pressiroster</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring dropper</col>, <cd>a
sharper who pretends to have found a ring (dropped by himself),
and tries to induce another to buy it as valuable, it being
worthless.</cd> -- <col>Ring fence</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Fence</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring finger</col>, <cd>the third
finger of the left hand, or the next the little finger, on which
the ring is placed in marriage.</cd> -- <col>Ring formula</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a graphic formula in the shape of a
closed ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Benzene</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring
mail</col>, <cd>a kind of mail made of small steel rings sewed
upon a garment of leather or of cloth.</cd> -- <col>Ring
micrometer</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Circular
micrometer</cref>, under <er>Micrometer</er>.</cd> --
<col>Saturn's rings</col>. <cd>See <er>Saturn</er>.</cd> --
<col>Ring ousel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Ousel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring parrot</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of Old
World parrakeets having a red ring around the neck, especially
<spn>Pal\'91ornis torquatus</spn>, common in India, and <spn>P.
Alexandri</spn> of <er>Java</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring plover</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The ringed dotterel</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several small American plovers having
a dark ring around the neck, as the semipalmated plover
(<spn>\'92gialitis semipalmata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ring
snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small harmless American
snake (<spn>Diadophis punctatus</spn>) having a white ring around
the neck. The back is ash-colored, or sage green, the belly of an
orange red.</cd> -- <col>Ring stopper</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Stopper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring thrush</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ring ousel.</cd> -- <col>The prize
ring</col>, <cd>the ring in which prize fighters contend; prize
fighters, collectively.</cd> -- <col>The ring</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>The body of sporting men who bet on horse races</cd>.
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The prize ring.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ring</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ringed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ringing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To surround with
a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle.</def> \'bd<xex>Ring</xex>
these fingers.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>To make a ring around by
cutting away the bark; to girdle; <as>as, to <ex>ring</ex>
branches or roots</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fit with a ring or with rings, as the
fingers, or a swine's snout.</def>

<hw>Ring</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To
rise in the air spirally.</def>

<hw>Ring"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ring-necked scaup duck; -- called
also <altname>ring-billed blackhead</altname>. See
<er>Scaup</er>.</def>

<hw>Ring"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The reed bunting. It has a collar of
white feathers. Called also <altname>ring
bunting</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ring"bolt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An eyebolt
having a ring through the eye.</def>

<hw>Ring"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld>
<def>A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the
small pastern and the great pastern bones.</def>

<au>J. H. Walsh.</au>

<hw>Ring"dove`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European wild pigeon (<spn>Columba
palumbus</spn>) having a white crescent on each side of the neck,
whence the name. Called also <altname>wood pigeon</altname>, and
<altname>cushat</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ringed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully
wedded.</def> \'bdA <xex>ringed</xex> wife.\'b8

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<cs><col>Ringed seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North
Pacific seal (<spn>Phoca f\'d2tida</spn>) having ringlike spots
on the body.</cd> -- <col>Ringed snake</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a harmless European snake
(<spn>Tropidonotus natrix</spn>) common in England.</cd> --
<col>Ringed worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
annelid.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rin"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ringens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ringi</ets>
to open wide the mouth: cf. F. <ets>ringent</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the lips widely separated and
gaping like an open mouth; <as>as a <ex>ringent</ex> bilabiate
corolla</as>.</def>

<hw>Ring"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on
bells.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A crowbar.</def>

<au>Simmonds.</au>

<hw>Ring"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Horse
Racing)</fld> <def>A horse that is not entitled to take part in a
race, but is fraudulently got into it.</def>

<hw>Ring"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Cloth
Manuf.)</fld> <def>An instrument used for stretching woolen
cloth.</def>

<hw>Ring"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a & n.</pos> from <er>Ring</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>

<cs><col>Ringing engine</col>, <cd>a simple form of pile driver
in which the monkey is lifted by men pulling on ropes.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ring"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ringing
manner.</def>

<hw>Ring"lead`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a
number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of
animals.</def>

<q>A primacy of order, such an one as the <qex>ringleader</qex>
hath in a dance.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged
in the violation of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters,
mutineers, or the like.</def>

<q>The <qex>ringleaders</qex> were apprehended, tried, fined, and
imprisoned.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Ring"gle*stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ringed dotterel, or ring
plover.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Ring"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Ring</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy
ring.</def>

<q>You demi-puppets, that
By moonshine do the green sour <qex>ringlets</qex> make,
Whereof the ewe not bites.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A curl; especially, a curl of hair.</def>

<q>[Her golden tresses] in wanton <qex>ringlets</qex> waved.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Ring"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Ringmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The ring
finger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Ascham</au>

<hw>Ring"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One in
charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a
circus.</def>

<hw>Ring"neck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small
plovers of the genus <spn>\'92gialitis</spn>, having a ring
around the neck. The ring is black in summer, but becomes brown
or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover (<spn>\'92.
semipalmata</spn>) and the piping plover (<spn>\'92.
meloda</spn>) are common North American species. Called also
<altname>ring plover</altname>, and <altname>ring-necked
plover</altname>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ring-necked
duck.</def>

<hw>Ring"-necked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a well defined ring of color
around the neck.</def>

<cs><col>Ring-necked duck</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>an
American scaup duck (<spn>Aythya collaris</spn>). The head, neck,
and breast of the adult male are black, and a narrow, but
conspicuous, red ring encircles the neck. This ring is absent in
the female. Called also <altname>ring-neck</altname>,
<altname>ring-necked blackhead</altname>,
<altname>ringbill</altname>, <altname>tufted duck</altname>, and
<altname>black jack</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ring"sail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ringtail</er>,<er>2</er>.</def>

<hw>Ring"straked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Ring-streaked.</def>

<q>Cattle <qex>ringstraked</qex>, speckled, and spotted.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxx. 39.</qau>

<hw>Ring"-streaked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
circular streaks or lines on the body; <as>as,
<ex>ring-streaked</ex> goats</as>.</def>

<hw>Ring"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird having a distinct band of color
across the tail, as the hen harrier.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A light sail set abaft and
beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff sail; -- called also
<altname>ringsail</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Ringtail boom</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a spar which
is rigged on a boom for setting a ringtail.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ring"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tail crossed by conspicuous
bands of color.</def>

<cs><col>Ring-tailed cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
cacomixle.</cd> -- <col>Ring-tailed eagle</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a young golden eagle.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ring"toss`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A game in
which the object is to toss a ring so that it will catch upon an
upright stick.</def>

<hw>Ring"worm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a
vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches
covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the
body, the face, or the scalp.  Different varieties are
distinguished as <spn>Tinea circinata</spn>, <spn>Tinea
tonsurans</spn>, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a
species of <spn>Trichophyton</spn>).</def><-- a fungal infection
-->

<hw>Rink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.
<ets>renk</ets>, <ets>rink</ets>, <ets>rynk</ets>, a course, a
race; probably fr. AS. <ets>hring</ets> a ring. See
<er>Ring</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The smooth and level
extent of ice marked off for the game of curling.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An artificial sheet of ice, generally under
cover, used for skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on
with roller skates, or a building with such a floor.</def>

<hw>Rink"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who skates at a
rink.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hw>Rink"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Skating in a rink.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hw>Rinse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rinsed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rinsing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE., fr. OF. <ets>rincer</ets>, <ets>rimser</ets>,
<ets>reinser</ets>, <ets>ra\'8bncier</ets>, F. <ets>rincer</ets>;
of uncertain origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wash lightly; to
cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after
washing.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cleancse by the introduction of water; --
applied especially to hollow vessels; <as>as, to <ex>rinse</ex> a
bottle</as>.</def> \'bdLike a glass did break i' the
<xex>rinsing</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rinse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of rinsing.</def>

<hw>Rins"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, rinses.</def>

<-- p. 1244 -->

<hw>Ri"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>riote</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. <ets>revot</ets>,
<ets>ravot</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wanton or unrestrained
behavior; uproar; tumult.</def>

<q>His headstrong <qex>riot</qex> hath no curb.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and
loose festivity; revelry.</def>

<q>Venus loveth <qex>riot</qex> and dispense.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>The lamb thy <qex>riot</qex> dooms to bleed to-day.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The tumultuous disturbance of
the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons
in the execution of some private object.</def>

<cs><col>To run riot</col>, <cd>to act wantonly or without
restraint.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ri"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rioted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Rioting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>rioter</ets>; cf. OD. <ets>ravotten</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or
wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the
like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess.</def>

<q>Now he exact of all, wastes in delight,
<qex>Riots</qex> in pleasure, and neglects the law.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>

<q>No pulse that <qex>riots</qex>, and no blood that glows.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To disturb the peace; to raise
an uproar or sedition. See <er>Riot</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<hw>Ri"ot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To spend or pass in
riot.</def>

<q>[He] had <qex>rioted</qex> his life out.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<hw>Ri"ot*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who engages in a riot. See
<er>Riot</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>

<hw>Ri"ot*ise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Excess;
tumult; revelry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>His life he led in lawless <qex>riotise</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ri"ot*our</hw> <pr>(-<oomac/r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rioter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ri"ot*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>rioteux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Involving, or
engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious.</def>

<q>The younger son . . . took his journey into a far country, and
there wasted his substance with <qex>riotous</qex> living.</q>
<qau>Luke xv. 13.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly
or its acts; seditious.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ri"ot*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Ri"ot*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ri"ot*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or
practice of rioting; riot.</def> \'bdElectioneering
<xex>riotry</xex>.\'b8

<au>Walpole.</au>

<hw>Rip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>hrip</ets> a box or basket; perhaps akin to E.
<ets>corb</ets>. Cf. <er>Ripier</er>.]</ety> <def>A wicker fish
basket.</def>

<hw>Rip</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ripped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ripping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>r<ymac/pan</ets>, also Sw. <ets>repa</ets> to ripple flax,
D. <ets>repelen</ets>, G. <ets>reffen</ets>, <ets>riffeln</ets>,
and E. <ets>raff</ets>, <ets>raffle</ets>. Cf. <er>Raff</er>,
<er>Ripple</er> of flax.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To divide or
separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open
or off; to tear off or out by violence; <as>as, to <ex>rip</ex> a
garment by cutting the stitches; to <ex>rip</ex> off the skin of
a beast; to <ex>rip</ex> up a floor</as>; -- commonly used with
<xex>up</xex>, <xex>open</xex>, <xex>off</xex>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing.</def>

<q>He 'll <qex>rip</qex> the fatal secret from her heart.</q>
<qau>Granville.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To tear up for search or disclosure, or for
alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; --
usually with <xex>up</xex>.</def>

<q>They <qex>ripped</qex> up all that had been done from the
beginning of the rebellion.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<q>For brethern to debate and <qex>rip</qex> up their falling out
in the ear of a common enemy . . . is neither wise nor
comely.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or
fiber.</def>

<cs><col>Ripping chisel</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a crooked
chisel for cleaning out mortises. <au>Knight</au>.</cd> --
<col>Ripping iron</col>. <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <cd>Same as
<er>Ravehook</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ripping saw</col>.
<fld>(Carp.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ripsaw</er>.</cd> -- <col>To rip
out</col>, <cd>to rap out, to utter hastily and violently; as,
<xex>to rip out<xex> an oath.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See
<cref>To rap out</cref>, under <er>Rap</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos></cs>

<hw>Rip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rent made by
ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place torn;
laceration.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of
<ets>rep</ets>robate.]</ety> <def>A term applied to a mean,
worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a debauchee, or a
prostitute, or a worn-out horse.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A body of water made rough by the meeting of
opposing tides or currents.</def>

<hw>Ri*pa"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 
<ets>riparius</ets>, fr. <ets>ripa</ets> a bank. See
<er>River</er>, and cf. <er>Arrive</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to the bank of a river; <as>as, <ex>riparian</ex>
rights</as>.</def>

<hw>Ri*pa"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>riparius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Growing along the banks of
rivers; riparian.</def>

<hw>Ripe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ripa</ets>.]</ety> <def>The bank of a river.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ripe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Riper</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Ripest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r\'c6pe</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>r\'c6pi</ets>, D.
<ets>rijp</ets>, G. <ets>rief</ets>, OHG. <ets>r\'c6ft</ets>; cf.
AS. <ets>r\'c6p</ets> harvest, <ets>r\'c6pan</ets> to reap. Cf.
<er>Reap</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ready for reaping or
gathering; having attained perfection; mature; -- said of fruits,
seeds, etc.; <as>as, <ex>ripe</ex> grain</as>.</def>

<q>So mayst thou live, till, like <qex>ripe</qex> fruit, thou
drop
Into thy mother's lap.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Advanced to the state of fitness for use;
mellow; <as>as, <ex>ripe</ex> cheese; <ex>ripe</ex>
wine.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having attained its full development; mature;
perfected; consummate.</def> \'bd<xex>Ripe</xex> courage.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>He was a scholar, and a <qex>ripe</qex> and good one.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; --
said of sores, tumors, etc.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Ready for action or effect; prepared.</def>

<q>While things were just <qex>ripe</qex> for a war.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>I am not <qex>ripe</qex> to pass sentence on the gravest
public bodies.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and
plumpness.</def>

<q>Those happy smilets,
That played on her <qex>ripe</qex> lip.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Intoxicated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdReeling <xex>ripe</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Mature; complete; finished. See
<er>Mature</er>.</syn>

<hw>Ripe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r\'c6pian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ripen; to grow ripe.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ripe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mature; to ripen.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ripe"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Maturely; at the fit
time.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rip"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ripened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ripening</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow ripe; to
become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; <as>as,
grapes <ex>ripen</ex> in the sun</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To approach or come to perfection.</def>

<hw>Rip"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
mature; to make ripe; <as>as, the warm days <ex>ripened</ex> the
corn</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to
perfection; <as>as, to <ex>ripen</ex> the judgment</as>.</def>

<q>When faith and love, which parted from thee never,
Had <qex>ripined</qex> thy iust soul to dwell with God.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Ripe"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r\'c6pness</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being
ripe; maturity;; completeness; perfection; <as>as, the
<ex>ripeness</ex> of grain; <ex>ripeness</ex> of manhood;
<ex>ripeness</ex> of judgment.</as></def>

<q>Time, which made them their fame outlive,
To Cowley scarce did <qex>ripeness</qex> give.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>

<hw>Ri*pid"o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/. <?/<?/<?/. fan + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A translucent mineral of a green color and
micaceous structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous
silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; -- called also
<altname>clinochlore</altname>.</def>
<-- sic. note use of "alumina", not "aluminia".  Spelling must
have been changing about 1890 -->

<hw>Ri*pi*e"nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A player in the <xex>ripieno</xex> portion
of an orchestra. See <er>Ripieno</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ri*pi*e"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Filling up;
supplementary; supernumerary; -- a term applied to those
instruments which only swell the mass or <xex>tutti</xex> of an
orchestra, but are not obbligato.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rip"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rip"per</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rip</er> a
basket, or <er>Riparian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O.E. Law)</fld>
<def>One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland
towns.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>But what's the action we are for now ?
Robbing a <qex>ripper</qex> of his fish.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>

<hw>Ri*post"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>riposte</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In fencing, a return
thrust after a parry.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A quick and sharp refort; a repartee.</def>

<au>J. Morley.</au>

<hw>Rip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tool for trimming the edges of roofing
slates.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc.</def>
<mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<hw>Rip"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[FRom
<er>Rip</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>An implement, with teeth
like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels
from flax, broom corn, etc.</def>

<hw>Rip"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To remove the
seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a
ripple.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to scratch or tear.</def>

<au>Holland.</au>

<hw>Rip"ple</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rippled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rippling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rimple</er>, <er>Rumple</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when agitated
or running over a rough bottom; to be covered with small waves or
undulations, as a field of grain.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a sound as of water running gently over
a rough bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore.</def>

<hw>Rip"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fret or dimple, as the
surface of running water; to cover with small waves or
undulations; <as>as, the breeze <ex>rippled</ex> the
lake</as>.</def>

<hw>Rip"ple</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fretting or
dimpling of the surface, as of running water; little curling
waves.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is
made by little waves; <as>as, a <ex>ripple</ex> of
laughter</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ripple grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Ribwort</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ripple marks</col>, <cd>a system
of parallel ridges on sand, produced by wind, by the current of a
steam, or by the agitation of wind waves; also
<fld>(Geol.)</fld>, a system of parallel ridges on the surface of
a sandstone stratum.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rip"le-marked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>HAving
ripple marks.</def>

<hw>Rip"plet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small
ripple.</def>

<hw>Rip"pling*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
rippling manner.</def>

<hw>Rip"ply</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having ripples;
<as>as, <ex>ripply</ex> water</as>; hence, resembling the sound
of rippling water; <as>as, <ex>ripply</ex> laughter</as>; a
<ex>ripply</ex> cove.</as></def>

<au>Keats.</au>

<hw>Rip"rap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rap</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A foundation or
sustaining wall of stones thrown together without order, as in
deep water or on a soft bottom.</def>

<hw>Rip"rap`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Riprapped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Riprapping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form a riprap
in or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rip"saw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[See <er>Rip</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>, 4.]</ety> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A handsaw with coarse
teeth which have but a slight set, used for cutting wood in the
direction of the fiber; -- called also <cref>ripping
saw</cref>.</def>

<hw>Rip"tow*el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r\'c6p</ets>. harvest + a word of uncertain
etymology.]</ety> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>A gratuity given to
tenants after they had reaped their lord's corn.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ris</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hr\'c6s</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rils</ets>, G.
<ets>reis</ets>, OHG. <ets>hr\'c6s</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bough or
branch; a twig.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>As white as is the blossom upon the <qex>ris</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Rose</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Risen</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'c6san</ets>; akin
to OS. <ets>r\'c6san</ets>, D. <ets>rijzen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>r\'c6san</ets> to rise, fall, Icel. <ets>r\'c6sa</ets>,
Goth. ur<ets>reisan</ets>, G. <ets>reise</ets> journey. CF.
<er>Arise</er>, <er>Raise</er>, <er>Rear</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move from a lower
position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up. Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any
other voluntary motion; <as>as, a bird <ex>rises</ex> in the air;
a fish <ex>rises</ex> to the bait</as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or
vapors in air, cork in water, and the like</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To move upward under the influence of a
projecting force; <as>as, a bullet <ex>rises</ex> in the
air</as>.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To grow upward; to attain a certain heght;
<as>as, this elm <ex>rises</ex> to the height of seventy
feet</as>.</def>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To reach a higher level by increase of quantity
or bulk; to swell; <as>as, a river <ex>rises</ex> in its bed; the
mercury <ex>rises</ex> in the thermometer</as>.</def>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To become erect; to assume an upright position;
<as>as, to <ex>rise</ex> from a chair or from a fall</as>.</def>

<sd>(g)</sd> <def>To leave one's bed; to arise; <as>as, to
<ex>rise</ex> early</as>.</def>

<q>He that would thrive, must <qex>rise</qex> by five.</q>
<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>

<sd>(h)</sd> <def>To tower up; to be heaved up; <as>as, the Alps
<ex>rise</ex> far above the sea</as>.</def>

<sd>(i)</sd> <def>To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface
<xex>rises</xex> in this direction</def>. \'bdA <xex>rising</xex>
ground.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sd>(j)</sd> <def>To retire; to give up a siege</def>.

<q>He, <qex>rising</qex> with small honor from Gunza, . . . was
gone.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>

<sd>(k)</sd> <def>To swell or puff up in the process of
fermentation; to become light, as dough, and the like</def>.

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have the aspect or the effect of
rising.</def> Specifically: --

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon,
stars, and the like</def>. \'bdHe maketh his sun to
<xex>rise</xex> on the evil and the good.\'b8

<au>Matt. v. 45.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to
come forth; to appear; <as>as, an eruption <ex>rises</ex> on the
skin; the land <ex>rises</ex> to view to one sailing toward the
shore</as>.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To become perceptible to other senses than
sight; <as>as, a noise <ex>rose</ex> on the air; odor
<ex>rises</ex> from the flower</as>.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate;
<as>as, rivers <ex>rise</ex> in lakes or springs</as>.</def>

<q>A scepter shall <qex>rise</qex> out of Israel.</q>
<qau>Num. xxiv. 17.</qau>

<q>Honor and shame from no condition <qex>rise</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed
toward a climax.</def> Specifically: --

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind
or a storm, and hence, of passion</def>.  \'bdHigh winde . . .
began to <xex>rise</xex>, high passions -- anger, hate.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To become of higher value; to increase in
price</def>.

<q>Bullion is <qex>risen</qex> to six shillings . . . the
ounce.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil,
tumor, and the like</def>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To increase in intensity; -- said of
heat</def>.

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the
voice</def>.

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To increase in amount; to enlarge; <as>as, his
expenses <ex>rose</ex> beyond his expectations</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>In various figurative senses.</def>
Specifically: --

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go
to war; to take up arms; to rebel</def>.

<q>At our heels all hell should <qex>rise</qex>
With blackest insurrection.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>No more shall nation against nation <qex>rise</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To attain to a better social position; to be
promoted; to excel; to succeed</def>.

<q>Some <qex>rise</qex> by sin, and some by virtue fall.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To become more and more dignified or forcible;
to increase in interest or power; -- said of style, thought, or
discourse; <as>as, to <ex>rise</ex> in force of expression; to
<ex>rise</ex> in eloquence; a story <ex>rises</ex> in
interest</as>.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To come to mind; to be suggested; to
occur</def>.

<q>A thought <qex>rose</qex> in me, which often perplexes men of
contemplative natures.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To come; to offer itself</def>.

<q>There chanced to the prince's hand to <qex>rise</qex>
<qex>An ancient book</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To ascend from the grave; to come to life.</def>

<q>But now is Christ <qex>risen</qex> from the dead.</q>
<qau>1. Cor. xv. 20.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn;
<as>as, the committee <ex>rose</ex> after agreeing to the
report</as>.</def>

<q>It was near nine . . . before the House <qex>rose</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher
pith; <as>as, to <ex>rise</ex> a tone or semitone</as>.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To be lifted, or to admit of
being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the
type; -- said of a form.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale.</syn> <usage>
-- <er>Rise</er>, <er>Appreciate</er>. Some in America use the
word <xex>appreciate</xex> for \'bdrise in value;\'b8 as, stocks
<xex>appreciate</xex>, money <xex>appreciates</xex>, etc. This
use is not unknown in England, but it is less common there. It is
undesirable, because <xex>rise</xex> sufficiently expresses the
idea, and <xex>appreciate</xex> has its own distinctive meaning,
which ought not to be confused with one so entirely
different.</usage>

<hw>Rise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of rising, or the state of being risen.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The distance through which anything rises;
<as>as, the <ex>rise</ex> of the thermometer was ten degrees; the
<ex>rise</ex> of the river was six feet; the <ex>rise</ex> of an
arch or of a step</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Land which is somewhat higher than the rest;
<as>as, the house stood on a <ex>rise</ex> of land</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Spring; source; origin; <as>as, the
<ex>rise</ex> of a stream</as>.</def>

<q>All wickednes taketh its <qex>rise</qex> from the heart.</q>
<qau>R. Nelson.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Appearance above the horizon; <as>as, the
<ex>rise</ex> of the sun or of a planet</as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price,
value, rank, property, fame, and the like.</def>

<q>The <qex>rise</qex> or fall that may happen in his constant
revenue by a Spanish war.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Increase of sound; a swelling of the
voice.</def>

<q>The ordinary <qex>rises</qex> and falls of the voice.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change
of key; <as>as, a <ex>rise</ex> of a tone or semitone</as>.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly)
near the surface of the water.</def>

<hw>Ris"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def><pos>p. p. &
a.</pos> from <er>Rise</er>.</def> \'bdHer <xex>risen</xex> Son
and Lord.\'b8

<au>Keble.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def><pos>Obs. imp. pl.</pos> of <er>Rise</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ris"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who rises; <as>as, an early <ex>riser</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The upright
piece of a step, from tread to tread.</def> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or
the like.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A shaft excavated from below
upward.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A feed head. See under
<er>Feed</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>

<hw>Rish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rush (the
plant).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ris`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.
<ets>risibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being
risible; <as>as, <ex>risibility</ex> is peculiar to the human
species</as>.</def>

<q>A strong and obvious disposition to <qex>risibility</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Ris"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>risibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>ridere</ets>, <ets>risum</ets>, to
laugh. Cf. <er>Ridiculous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having
the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to laugh.</def>

<q>Laughing is our busines, . . . it has been made the definition
of man that he is <qex>risible</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at;
amusing.</def> \'bd<xex>Risible</xex> absurdities.\'b8

<au>Johnson.</au>

<q>I hope you find nothing <qex>risible</qex> in my
complaisance.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Used in, or expressing, laughter; <as>as,
<ex>risible</ex> muscles</as>.</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>Risible</xex> is sometimes used as a noun, in
the plural, for the feeling of amusement and for the muscles and
other organs used in laughing, collectively; as, unable to
control one's <xex>risibles</xex>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; amusing; ridiculous --
<er>Risible</er>, <er>Ludicrous</er>, <er>Ridiculous</er>.</syn>
<usage> <xex>Risible</xex> differs from <xex>ludicrous</xex> as
species from genus; <xex>ludicrous</xex> expressing that which is
playful and sportive; <xex>risible</xex>, that which may excite
laughter. <xex>Risible</xex> differs from <xex>ridiculous</xex>,
as the latter implies something contemptuous, and
<xex>risible</xex> does not.</usage>

<-- p. 1245 -->

--<wordforms><wf>Ris"i*ble*ness</wf><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
-- <wf>Ris"i*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ris"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an upward
direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; <as>as, the
<ex>rising</ex> moon</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction;
<as>as, a <ex>rising</ex> state; a <ex>rising</ex>
character.</as></def>

<q>Among the <qex>rising</qex> theologians of Germany.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Growing; advancing to adult years and to the
state of active life; <as>as, the <ex>rising</ex>
generation</as>.</def>

<hw>Ris"ing</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>More than; exceeding;
upwards of; <as>as, a horse <ex>rising</ex> six years of
age</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Low, U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Ris"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one
who, or that which, rises (in any sense).</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which rises; a tumor; a boil.</def>

<au>Lev. xiii. 10.</au>

<cs><col>Rising main</col> <fld>(Waterworks)</fld>, <cd>the pipe
through which water from an engine is delivered to an elevated
reservoir.</cd></cs>

<hw>Risk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>risque</ets>; cf. It. <ets>risco</ets>, <ets>risico</ets>,
<ets>rischio</ets>, Pg. <ets>risco</ets>, Sp. <ets>riesgo</ets>,
and also Sp. <ets>risco</ets> a steep rock; all probably fr. L.
<ets>resceare</ets> to cut off; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +
<ets>secare</ets> to cut; -- the word having been probably first
used among sailors. See <er>Section</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or
destruction.</def>

<q>The imminent and constant <qex>risk</qex> of assassination, a
<qex>risk</qex> which has shaken very strong nerves.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Hazard of loss; liabillity to
loss in property.</def>

<cs><col>To run a risk</col>, <cd>to incur hazard; to encounter
danger.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See
<er>Danger</er>.</syn>

<hw>Risk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Risked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Risking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>risquer</ets>.
See <er>Risk</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; <as>as, to
<ex>risk</ex> goods on board of a ship; to <ex>risk</ex> one's
person in battle; to <ex>risk</ex> one's fame by a
publication</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To incur the risk or danger of; <as>as, to
<ex>risk</ex> a battle</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard.</syn>

<hw>Risk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who risks
or hazards.</def>

<au>Hudibras.</au>

<hw>Risk"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Risky.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Geddes.</au>

<hw>Risk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Attended with
risk or danger; hazardous.</def> \'bdA <xex>risky</xex>
matter.\'b8

<au>W. Collins.</au>

<q>Generalization are always <qex>risky</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>

<hw>Ri*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>ridere</ets>, <ets>risum</ets>, to laugh.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; <as>as, the
<ex>risorial</ex> muscles</as>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ri*sot"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A kind of pottage.</def>

<hw>Risse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Rise</er>.</def>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Ris"soid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Rissoa</ets>, the typical genus ( fr. A.<ets>Risso</ets>, an
Italian naturalist) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of very numerous species of
small spiral gastropods of the genus <spn>Rissoa</spn>, or family
<spn>Rissoid\'91</spn>, found both in fresh and salt water.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ris`sole"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>rissoler</ets> to fry meat till it is brown.]</ety>
<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A small ball of rich minced meat or
fish, covered with pastry and fried.</def>

<hw>Rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>3d pers.
sing. pres.</pos> of <er>Rise</er>, contracted from
<xex>riseth</xex>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>3d pers.
ssing. pres.</pos> of <er>Ride</er>, contracted from
<xex>rideth</xex>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ri`tar*dan"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Retarding; -- a direction
for slower time; rallentado.</def>

<hw>Rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ritus</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>r\'c6ti</ets> a stream, a
running, way, manner, <ets>ri</ets> to flow: cf. F.
<ets>rit</ets>, <ets>rite</ets>. CF. <er>Rivulet</er>.]</ety>
<def>The act of performing divine or solemn service, as
established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion
or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; <as>as,
the <ex>rites</ex> of freemasonry</as>.</def>

<q>He looked with indifference on <qex>rites<qex>, names, and
forms of ecclesiastical polity.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.</syn>

<hw>\'d8Ri`te*nu"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Held back; holding back;
ritardando.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rit`or*nelle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>\'d8Ri`tor*nel"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It. <ets>ritornello</ets>, dim. of <ets>ritorno</ets>
return, fr. <ets>ritornare</ets> to return: cf. F.
<ets>ritournelle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an
air, often consisting of the burden of the song.</def>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental
passage, in the course of a vocal piece; an interlude.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ri*trat"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A picture.</def>

<au>Sterne.</au>

<hw>Rit"u*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>ritualis</ets>, fr. <ets>ritus</ets> a rite: cf. F.
<ets>rituel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to rites or
ritual; <as>as, <ex>ritual</ex> service or sacrifices; the
<ex>ritual</ex> law.</as></def>

<hw>Rit"u*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. 
<ets>rituel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prescribed form of
performing divine service in a particular church or communion;
<as>as, the Jewish <ex>ritual</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an
organization; <as>as, the <ex>ritual</ex> of the
freemasons</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A book containing the rites to be
observed.</def>

<hw>Rit"u*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>ritualisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A system founded
upon a ritual or prescribed form of religious worship; adherence
to, or observance of, a ritual.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically :<sd>(a)</sd> The principles and
practices of those in the Church of England, who in the
development of the Oxford movement, so-called, have insisted upon
a return to the use in church services of the symbolic ornaments
(altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles, etc.) that were
sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI., and never, as they
maintain, forbidden by competennt authority, although generally
disused. <xex>Schaff-Herzog Encyc</xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> Also, the
principles and practices of those in the Protestant Episcopal
Church who sympathize with this party in the Church of
England.</def>

<hw>Rit"u*al*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.
<ets>ritualiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled un, or attached
to, a ritual; one who advocates or practices ritualism.</def>

<hw>Rit`u*al*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; adhering to
ritualism.</def>

<hw>Rit"u*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By rites, or by a
particular rite.</def>

<hw>Riv"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>ripa</ets> bank, shore.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bank,
shore, or coast.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>From the green <qex>rivage</qex> many a fall
Of diamond rillets musical.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>A duty paid to the crown
for the passage of vessels on certain rivers.</def>

<hw>Ri"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rival</ets> (cf. It. <ets>rivale</ets>), L.
<ets>rivales</ets> two neigbors having the same brook in common,
rivals, fr. <ets>rivalis</ets> belonging to a brook, fr.
<ets>rivus</ets> a brook. Cf. <er>Rivulet</er>,
<er>Rete</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person having a common
right or privilege with another; a partner.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus,
The <qex>rivals</qex> of my watch, bid them make haste.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is in pursuit of the same object as
another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another
is attempting to obtain, and which one only can posses; a
competitor; <as>as, <ex>rivals</ex> in love; <ex>rivals</ex> for
a crown.</as></def>

<note><hand/ \'bd<xex>Rivals</xex>, in the primary sense of the
word, are those who dwell on the banks of the same stream. But
since, as all experience shows, there is no such fruitful source
of coutention as a water right, it would continually happen that
these occupants of the opposite banks would be at strife with one
another in regard of the periods during which they severally had
a right to the use of the stream . . . And thus
<xex>'rivals'</xex> . . . came to be used of any who were on any
grounds in more or less unfriendly competition with one
another.\'b8</note>

<au>Trench.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Competitor; emulator; antagonist.</syn>

<hw>Ri"val</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the same pretensions
or claims; standing in competition for superiority; <as>as, rival
lovers; <ex>rival</ex> claims or pretensions.</as></def>

<q>The strenuous conflicts and alternate victories of two
<qex>rival</qex> confederacies of statesmen.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Ri"val</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rivaled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Rivalled</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rivaling</er> or
<er>Rivalling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stand in
competition with; to strive to gain some object in opposition to;
<as>as, to <ex>rival</ex> one in love</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strive to equal or exel; to emulate.</def>

<q>To <qex>rival</qex> thunder in its rapid course.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Ri"val</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be in rivalry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ri"val*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female rival.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Richardson.</au>

<hw>Ri*val"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rivalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rivalit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Rivalry; competition</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Equality, as of right or rank.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>hak.</au>

<hw>Ri"val*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rivalries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The act of
rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a competition.</def>
\'bdKeen contention and eager <xex>rivalries</xex>.\'b8

<au>Jeffrey.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Emulation; competition. See
<er>Emulation</er>.</syn>

<hw>Ri"val*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rivalry</def>.
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Rive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Rived</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Rived</er> or <er>Riven</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Riving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>r\'c6fa</ets>, akin to Sw. <ets>rifva</ets> to pull asunder,
burst, tear, Dan. <ets>rive</ets> to rake, pluck, tear. Cf.
<er>Reef</er> of land, <er>Rifle</er> a gun, <er>Rift</er>,
<er>Rivel</er>.]</ety> <def>To rend asunder by force; to split;
to cleave; <as>as, to <ex>rive</ex> timber for rails or
shingles</as>.</def>

<q>I shall <qex>ryve</qex> him through the sides twain.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>The scolding winds have <qex>rived</qex> the knotty oaks.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Brutus hath <qex>rived</qex> my heart.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rive</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be split or rent
asunder.</def>

<q>Freestone <qex>rives</qex>, splits, and breaks in any
direction.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>

<hw>Rive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place torn; a rent; a
rift.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Riv"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Riveled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Riveling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gerifled</ets>,
<ets>geriflod</ets>, <ets>gerifod</ets>, wrinkled,
<ets>geriflian</ets>, <ets>gerifian</ets>, to wrinkle. See
<er>Rifle</er> a gun, <er>Rive</er>.]</ety> <def>To contract into
wrinkles; to shrivel; to shrink; <as>as, <ex>riveled</ex> fruit;
<ex>riveled</ex> flowers</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Pope</au>. \'bd<xex>Riveled</xex> parchments.\'b8
<au>Walpole</au>.

<hw>Riv"el</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wrinkle; a rimple.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Holland.</au>

<hw>Riv"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p. & a.</pos> from
<er>Rive</er>.</def>

<hw>Riv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rives or
splits.</def>

<hw>Riv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>riv\'8are</ets> a river, LL. <ets>riparia</ets> river, bank
of a river, fr. L. <ets>riparius</ets> belonging to a bank or
shore, fr. <ets>ripa</ets> a bank or shore; of uncertain origin.
Cf. <er>Arrive</er>, <er>Riparian</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
large stream of water flowing in a bed or channel and emptying
into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another stream; a stream larger
than a rivulet or brook.</def>

<q>Transparent and sparkling <qex>rivers</qex>, from which it is
delightful to drink as they flow.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance;
<as>as, <ex>rivers</ex> of blood; <ex>rivers</ex> of
oil</as>.</def>

<cs><col>River chub</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
hornyhead and allied species of fresh-water fishes.</cd> --
<col>River crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of
fresh-water crabs of the genus <spn>Thelphusa</spn>, as <spn>T.
depressa</spn> of Southern Europe.</cd> -- <col>River
dragon</col>, <cd>a crocodile; -- applied by Milton to the king
of Egypt.</cd> -- <col>River driver</col>, <cd>a lumberman who
drives or conducts logs down rivers. <au>Bartlett</au>.</cd> --
<col>River duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of
duck belonging to <spn>Anas</spn>, <spn>Spatula</spn>, and allied
genera, in which the hind toe is destitute of a membranous lobe,
as in the mallard and pintail; -- opposed to <xex>sea
duck<xex>.</cd> -- <col>River god</col>, <cd>a deity supposed to
preside over a river as its tutelary divinity.</cd> -- <col>River
herring</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an alewife.</cd> --
<col>River hog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any
species of African wild hogs of the genus
<spn>Potamoch<oe/rus</spn>. They frequent wet places along the
rivers.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The capybara.</cd> -- <col>River
horse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hippopotamus.</cd> --
<col>River jack</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African puff
adder (<spn>Clotho nasicornis</spn>) having a spine on the
nose.</cd> -- <col>River limpet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a fresh-water, air-breathing mollusk of the genus
<spn>Ancylus</spn>, having a limpet-shaped shell.</cd> --
<col>River pirate</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pike.</cd>
-- <col>River snail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species
of fresh-water gastropods of <spn>Paludina</spn>,
<spn>Melontho</spn>, and allied genera. See <cref>Pond
snail</cref>, under <er>Pond</er>.</cd> -- <col>River
tortoise</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous
fresh-water tortoises inhabiting rivers, especially those of the
genus <spn>Trionyx</spn> and allied genera. See
<er>Trionyx</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Riv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hawk by
the side of a river; to fly hawks at river fowl.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<hw>Riv"ered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Supplied with
rivers; <as>as, a well <ex>rivered</ex> country</as>.</def>

<hw>Riv"er*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rivulet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Riv"er*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being a river.</def> \'bdUseful
<xex>riverhood</xex>.\'b8

<au>H. Miller.</au>

<hw>Riv"er*ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rivulet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sylvester.</au>

<hw>Riv"er*side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The side
or bank of a river.</def>

<hw>Riv"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having rivers;
<as>as, a <ex>rivery</ex> country</as>.</def>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Riv"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>river</ets> to rivet; perh. fr. Icel. <ets>rifa</ets> to
fasten together. Cf. <er>Reef</er> part of a sail.]</ety> <def>A
metallic pin with a head, used for uniting two plates or pieces
of material together, by passing it through them and then beating
or pressing down the point so that it shall spread out and form a
second head; a pin or bolt headed or clinched at both ends.</def>

<q>With busy hammers closing <qex>rivets</qex> up.</q>

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><mcol><col>Rivet joint</col>, <or/ <col>Riveted
joint</col></mcol>, <cd>a joint between two or more pieces
secured by rivets.</cd></cs>

<hw>Riv"et</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Riveted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Riveting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten with a
rivet, or with rivets; <as>as, to <ex>rivet</ex> two pieces of
iron</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spread out the end or point of, as of a
metallic pin, rod, or bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form
a sort of head.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong,
or immovable; <as>as, to <ex>rivet</ex> friendship or
affection</as>.</def>

<q><qex>Rivet</qex> and nail me where I stand, ye powers!</q>
<qau>Congreve.</qau>

<q>Thus his confidence was <qex>riveted</qex> and confirmed.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Riv"et*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rivets.</def>

<hw>Riv"et*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
joining with rivets; the act of spreading out and clinching the
end, as of a rivet, by beating or pressing.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The whole set of rivets, collectively.</def>

<au>Tomlinsin.</au>

<cs><col>Butt riveting</col>, <cd>riveting in which the ends or
edges of plates form a butt joint, and are fastened together by
being riveted to a narrow strip which covers the joint.</cd> --
<col>Chain riveting</col>, <cd>riveting in which the rivets, in
two or more rows along the seam, are set one behind the
other.</cd> -- <col>Crossed riveting</col>, <cd>riveting in which
the rivets in one row are set opposite the spaces between the
rivets in the next row.</cd> -- <col>Double riveting</col>,
<cd>in lap riveting, two rows of rivets along the seam; in butt
riveting, four rows, two on each side of the joint.</cd> --
<col>Lap riveting</col>, <cd>riveting in which the ends or edges
of plates overlap and are riveted together.</cd></cs>

<-- riveting, adj.  causing to be fixed or immobilized, usu.
figurative; as, riveting debate. -->

<hw>Ri*vose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>rivus</ets> a brook, channel.]</ety> <def>Marked with
sinuate and irregular furrows.</def>

<hw>Riv"u*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Earlier
<ets>rivolet</ets>, It. <ets>rivoletto</ets>, a dim. fr.
<ets>rivolo</ets>, L. <ets>rivulus</ets>, dim. of
<ets>rivus</ets> a brook. CF. <er>Rival</er>,
<er>Rite</er>.]</ety> <def>A small stream or brook; a
streamlet.</def>

<q>By fountain or by shady <qex>rivulet</qex>
He sought them.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Rix*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rixari</ets>, p. p. <ets>rixatus</ets>, to brawl, fr.
<ets>rixa</ets> a quarrel.]</ety> <def>A brawl or quarrel.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Rix*a"trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A scolding or
quarrelsome woman; a scold.</def>

<au>Burrill.</au>

<hw>\'d8Rix"da`ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Dutch
silver coin, worth about $1.00.</def>

<hw>Rix"-dol`lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sw.
<ets>riksdaler</ets>, or Dan. <ets>rigsdaler</ets>, or D.
<ets>rijksdaalder</ets>, or G. <ets>reichsthaler</ets>,
literally, dollar of the empire or realm, fr. words akin to E.
<ets>rich</ets>, and <ets>dollar</ets>. See <er>Rich</er>,
<er>Dollar</er>.]</ety> <def>A name given to several different
silver coins of Denmark, Holland, Sweden,, NOrway, etc., varying
in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also, a British coin worth
about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope. See
<er>Rigsdaler</er>, <er>Riksdaler</er>, and
<er>Rixdaler</er>.</def>

<note><hand/ Most of these pieces are now no longer coined, but
some remain in circulation.</note>

<hw>Riz"zar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>To dry in the sun; <as>as,
<ex>rizzared</ex> haddock</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Roach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A cockroach.</def>

<hw>Roach</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rroche</ets>; cf.
AS. <ets>reohha</ets>, D. <ets>rog</ets>, <ets>roch</ets>, G.
<ets>roche</ets>, LG. <ets>ruche</ets>, Dan. <ets>rokke</ets>
ray, Sw. <ets>rocka</ets>, and E. <ets>ray</ets> a fish.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European
fresh-water fish of the Carp family (<spn>Leuciscus
rutilus</spn>). It is silver-white, with a greenish back.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American chub (<spn>Semotilus
bullaris</spn>); the fallfish.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
redfin, or shiner.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A convex curve or arch cut in
the edge of a sail to prevent chafing, or to secure a better
fit.</def>

<cs><col>As sound as a roach</col> <ety>[<ets>roach<ets> perhaps
being a corruption of a F. <ets>roche<ets> a rock]</ety>,
<cd>perfectly sound.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
arch.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part
left shall stand upright.</def>

<hw>Roach"-backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
back like that of roach; -- said of a horse whose back a convex
instead of a concave curve.</def>

<hw>Road</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r\'bed</ets> a riding, that on which one rides or travels, a
road, fr. <ets>r\'c6dan</ets> to ride. See <er>Ride</er>, and cf.
<er>Raid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A journey, or stage of a
journey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>With easy <qex>roads</qex> he came to Leicester.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inroad; an invasion; a raid.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place where one may ride; an open way or
public passage for vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for
travel, forming a means of communication between one city, town,
or place, and another.</def>

<q>The most villainous house in all the London
<qex>road</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<note><hand/ The word is generally applied to highways, and as a
generic term it includes <xex>highway</xex>, <xex>street</xex>,
and <xex>lane</xex>.</note>

<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Possibly akin to Icel. <ets>rei\'ebi</ets> the
rigging of a ship, E. <ets>ready</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place where
ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; a
roadstead; -- often in the plural; <as>as, Hampton
<ex>Roads</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<-- p. 1246 -->

<q>Now strike your saile, ye jolly mariners,
For we be come unto a quiet <qex>rode</qex> [road].</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<cs><mcol><col>On</col>, <or/ <col>Upon</col>, <col>the
road</col></mcol>, <cd>traveling or passing over a road; coming
or going; on the way.</cd>

<q>My hat and wig will soon be here,
They are <qex>upon the road</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

-- <col>Road agent</col>, <cd>a highwayman, especially on the
stage routes of the unsettled western parts of the United States;
-- a humorous euphemism.</cd> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<q>The highway robber -- <qex>road agent</qex> he is quaintly
called.</q>
<qau>The century.</qau>

-- <col>Road book</col>, <cd>a quidebook in respect to roads and
distances.</cd> -- <col>Road metal</col>, <cd>the broken, stone
used in macadamizing roads.</cd> -- <col>Road roller</col>, <cd>a
heavy roller, or combinations of rollers, for making earth,
macadam, or concrete roads smooth and compact.</cd> -- often
driven by steam. -- <col>Road runner</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the chaparral cock.</cd> -- <col>Road steamer</col>, <cd>a
locomotive engine adapted to running on common roads.</cd> --
<col>To go on the road</col>, <cd>to engage in the business of a
commercial traveler.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To take
the road</col>, <cd>to begin or engage in traveling.</cd> --
<col>To take to the road</col>, <cd>to engage in robbery upon the
highways.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Way; highway; street; lane; pathway; route; passage;
course. See <er>Way</er>.</syn>

<hw>Road"bed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>In railroads,
the bed or foundation on which the superstructure (ties, rails,
etc.) rests; in common roads, the whole material laid in place
and ready for travel.</def>

<hw>Road"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of roads.</def>

<hw>Road"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
makes roads.</def>

<hw>Road"side`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Land adjoining a road or
highway; the part of a road or highway that borders the traveled
part. Also used ajectively.</def>

<hw>Road"stead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Road</ets>,<ets>4</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a
place.]</ety> <def>An anchorage off shore. Same as <er>Road</er>,
4.</def>

<q>Moored in the neighboring <qex>roadstead</qex>.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>

<hw>Road"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A clumsy vessel that works its way from
one anchorage to another by means of the tides.</def>

<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A horse that is accustomed to traveling on the
high road, or is suitable for use on ordinary roads.</def>

<q>A sound, swift, well-fed hunter and <qex>roadster</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bicycle or tricycle adapted for common roads
rather than for the racing track.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who drives much; a coach driver.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of
following the hounds across country.</def> <mark>[Eng.
Slang.]</mark>

<hw>Road"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A road;
especially, the part traveled by carriages.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Roam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Roamed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Roaming</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>romen</ets>, <ets>ramen</ets>; cf. AS.
<ets>\'ber<?/man</ets> to raise, rise, D. <ets>ramen</ets> to
hit, plan, aim, OS. <ets>r<?/m<?/n</ets> to strive after, OHG.
<ets>r\'bemen</ets>. But the word was probably influenced by
<ets>Rome</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>romier</ets> a pilgrim, originally,
a pilgrim going to Rome, It. <ets>romeo</ets>, Sp.
<ets>romero</ets>. Cf. <er>Ramble</er>.]</ety> <def>To go from
place to place without any certain purpose or direction; to rove;
to wander.</def>

<q>He <qex>roameth</qex> to the carpenter's house.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Daphne <qex>roaming</qex> through a thorny wood.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To wander; rove; range; stroll; ramble.</syn>

<hw>Roam</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To range or wander
over.</def>

<q>And now wild beasts came forth the woods to
<qex>roam</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<hw>Roam</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of roaming; a
wandering; a ramble; <as>as, he began his <ex>roam</ex> o'er hill
amd dale</as>.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Roam"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who roams;
a wanderer.</def>

<hw>Roan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rouan</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>roano</ets>, <ets>ruano</ets>, It.
<ets>rovano</ets>, <ets>roano</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or
white thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse.</def>

<q>Give my <qex>roan</qex> a drench.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Made of the leather called roan; <as>as,
<ex>roan</ex> binding</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Roan antelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very
large South African antelope (<spn>Hippotragus equinus</spn>). It
has long sharp horns and a stiff bright brown mane. Called also
<altname>mahnya</altname>, <altname>equine antelope</altname>,
and <altname>bastard gemsbok</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roan</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The color of a roan
horse; a roan color.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A roan horse.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of leather used for slippers,
bookbinding, etc., made from sheepskin, tanned with sumac and
colored to imitate ungrained morocco.</def>

<au>DeColange.</au>

<cs><col>Roan tree</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Rowan
tree</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Roared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vvb. n.</pos> <er>Roaring</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>roren</ets>, <ets>raren</ets>, AS.
<ets>r\'berian</ets>; akin to G. <ets>r\'94hten</ets>, OHG.
<ets>r<?/r<?/n</ets>. <root/112.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cry
with a full, loud, continued sound.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion
or other beast.</def>

<q><qex>Roaring</qex> bulls he would him make to tame.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or
anger</def>.

<q>Sole on the barren sands, the suffering chief
<qex>Roared</qex> out for anguish, and indulged his grief.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>He scorned to <qex>roar</qex> under the impressions of a
finite anger.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves,
passing vehicles, a crowd of persons when shouting together, or
the like.</def>

<q>The brazen throat of war had ceased to <qex>roar</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>How oft I crossed where carts and coaches <qex>roar</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be boisterous; to be disorderly.</def>

<q>It was a mad, <qex>roaring</qex> time, full of
extravagance.</q>
<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To laugh out loudly and continuously; <as>as,
the hearers <ex>roared</ex> at his jokes</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses
having a certain disease. See <er>Roaring</er>, 2.</def>

<cs><col>Roaring boy</col>, <cd>a roaring, noisy fellow; -- name
given, at the latter end Queen Elizabeth's reign, to the riotous
fellows who raised disturbances in the street. \'bdTwo
<xex>roaring boys<xex> of Rome, that made all split.\'b8 <au>Beau
& Fl.</au></cd> -- <col>Roaring forties</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>a sailor's name for the stormy tract of ocean between 40<deg/
and 50<deg/ north latitude.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cry aloud; to proclaim
loudly.</def>

<q>This last action will <qex>roar</qex> thy infamy.</q>
<qau>Ford.</qau>

<hw>Roar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The sound of
roaring.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The deep, loud cry
of a wild beast; <as>as, the <ex>roar</ex> of a lion</as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cry of one in pain, distress, anger, or the
like</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A loud, continuous, and confused
sound; <as>as, the <ex>roar</ex> of a cannon, of the wind, or the
waves; the <ex>roar</ex> of ocean</as>.</def>

<q>Arm! arm! it is, it is the cannon's opening
<qex>roar</qex>!</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in
mirth</def>.

<q>Pit, boxes, and galleries were in a constant <qex>roar</qex>
of laughter.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Roar"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, roars.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A riotous fellow; a roaring boy.</def>

<q>A lady to turn <qex>roarer</qex>, and break glasses.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A horse subject to
roaring</def>. See <er>Roaring</er>, 2.

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The barn owl.</def>
<mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Roar"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loud, deep,
prolonged sound, as of a large beast, or of a person in distress,
anger, mirth, etc., or of a noisy congregation.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An affection of the windpipe
of a horse, causing a loud, peculiar noise in breathing under
exertion; the making of the noise so caused. See <er>Roar</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>, 5.</def>

<hw>Roar"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a roaring
manner.</def>

<hw>Roast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Roasted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Roasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rosten</ets>, OF. <ets>rostir</ets>, F. <ets>r\'93tir</ets>;
of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>r<omac/sten</ets>, G.
<ets>r\'94sten</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>r<omac/st</ets>,
<ets>r<omac/sta</ets>, gridiron, G. <ets>rost</ets>; cf. AS.
<ets>hyrstan</ets> to roast.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cook by
exposure to radiant heat before a fire; <as>as, to <ex>roast</ex>
meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire and having
reflecting surfaces within</as>; also, to cook in a close
oven.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes,
sand, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>roast</ex> a potato in
ashes</as>.</def>

<q>In eggs boiled and <qex>roasted</qex> there is scarce
difference to be discerned.</q>
<qau>BAcon.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To dry and parch by exposure to heat; <as>as, to
<ex>roast</ex> coffee; to <ex>roast</ex> chestnuts, or
peanuts.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, to heat to excess; to heat violently; to
burn.</def> \'bd<xex>Roasted</xex> in wrath and fire.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To dissipate by heat the
volatile parts of, as ores.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To banter severely.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Atterbury.</au>

<hw>Roast</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cook meat,
fish, etc., by heat, as before the fire or in an oven.</def>

<q>He could <qex>roast</qex>, and seethe, and broil, and fry.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To undergo the process of being roasted.</def>

<hw>Roast</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is roasted; a piece
of meat which has been roasted, or is suitable for being
roasted.</def>

<q>A fat swan loved he best of any <qex>roost</qex> [roast].</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<cs><col>To rule the roast</col>, <cd>to be at the head of
affairs.</cd> \'bdThe new-made duke that <xex>rules the
roast<xex>.\'b8</cs><-- = to rule the roost! -->

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Roast</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>roasted</ets>.]</ety> <def>Roasted; <as>as, <ex>roast</ex>
beef</as>.</def>

<hw>Roast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who roasts meat.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A contrivance for roasting.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pig, or other article of food fit for
roasting.</def>

<hw>Roast"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos>, from <er>Roast</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>

<cs><col>Roasting ear</col>, <cd>an ear of Indian corn at that
stage of development when it is fit to be eaten roasted.</cd> --
<col>Roasting jack</col>, <cd>a machine for turning a spit on
which meat is roasted.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; cf. Sp.
<ets>rob</ets>, It. <ets>rob</ets>, <ets>robbo</ets>, Pg.
<ets>robe</ets>, <ets>arrobe</ets>, Ar. <ets>rubb</ets>,
<ets>robb</ets>, Per. <ets>rub</ets>.]</ety> <def>The inspissated
juice of ripe fruit, obtained by evaporation of the juice over a
fire till it acquires the consistence of a sirup. It is sometimes
mixed with honey or sugar.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rhob</asp>, and <asp>rohob</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rob</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Robbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Robbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>rober</ets>, of
German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>roub<?/n</ets>, G.
<ets>rauben</ets>, and OHG. <ets>roub</ets> robbing, booty, G.
<ets>raub</ets>. <root/114.  See <er>Reave</er>,and cf.
<er>Robe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take (something) away
from by force; to strip by stealing; to plunder; to pillage; to
steal from.</def>

<q>Who would <qex>rob</qex> a hermit of his weeds,
His few books, or his beads, or maple dish?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>He that is <qex>robbed</qex>, not wanting what is stolen,
Let him not know it, and he's not <qex>robbed</qex> at all.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>To be executed for <qex>robbing</qex> a church.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take the property of (any
one) from his person, or in his presence, feloniously, and
against his will, by violence or by putting him in fear.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or
injuriously; to defraud; <as>as, to <ex>rob</ex> one of his rest,
or of his good name; a tree <ex>robs</ex> the plants near it of
sunlight.</as></def>

<q>I never <qex>robbed</qex> the soldiers of their pay.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rob</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take that which belongs to
another, without right or permission, esp. by violence.</def>

<q>I am accursed to <qex>rob</qex> in that thief's company.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rob"and</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Roperand</er>.</def>

<hw>Rob"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who robs;
in law, one who feloniously takes goods or money from the person
of another by violence or by putting him in fear.</def>

<q>Some roving <qex>robber</qex> calling to his fellows.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Thief; depredator; despoiler; plunderer; pillager;
rifler; brigang; freebooter; pirate. See <er>Thief</er>.</syn>

<cs><col>Robber crab</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>A purse crab</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any hermit crab.</cd> --
<col>Robber fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Hornet fly</cref>, under <er>Hornet</er>.</cd> --
<col>Robber gull</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a jager
gull.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rob"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Robberies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OF.
<ets>roberie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or practice
of robbing; theft.</def>

<q>Thieves for their <qex>robbery</qex> have authority
When judges steal themselves.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The crime of robbing. See
<er>Rob</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 2.</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>Robbery</xex>, in a strict sense, differs from
<xex>theft</xex>, as it is effected by force or intimidation,
whereas <xex>theft</xex> is committed by stealth, or
privately.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Theft; depredation; spoliation; despoliation;
despoilment; plunder; pillage; rapine; larceny; freebooting;
piracy.</syn>

<hw>Rob"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Com.)</fld>
<def>A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities
are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The
<xex>robbin</xex> of rice in Malabar weighs about 84
pounds.</def>

<au>Simmonds.</au>

<hw>Rob"bin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Ropeband</er>.</def>

<hw>Robe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. LL.
<ets>rauba</ets> a gown, dress, garment; originally, booty,
plunder. See <er>Rob</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Rubbish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An outer garment; a
dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a
dress of state, rank, office, or the like.</def>

<q>Through tattered clothes small vices do appear;
<qex>Robes</qex> and furred gowns hide all.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the
bison, dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Master of the robes</col>, <cd>an officer of the English
royal household (when the sovereign is a king) whose duty is
supposed to consist in caring for the royal robes.</cd> --
<col>Mistress of the robes</col>, <cd>a lady who enjoys the
highest rank of the ladies in the service of the English
sovereign (when a queen), and is supposed to have the care her
robes.</cd></cs>

<hw>Robe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Robed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Robing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To
invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; <as>as, fields
<ex>robed</ex> with green</as>.</def>

<q>The sage Chaldeans <qex>robed</qex> in white appeared.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<q>Such was his power over the expression of his countenance,
that he could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter,
and <qex>robe</qex> it in the brightest smiles of spring.</q>
<qau>Wirt.</qau>

<hw>\'d8Robe`-de-cham"bre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F., lit., a chamber gown.]</ety> <def>A dressing gown, or
morning gown.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rob"erds*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rob"erts*man</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw>.
<pr>(<?/)</pr></plu> <fld>(Old Statutes of Eng.)</fld> <def>A
bold, stout robber, or night thief; -- said to be so called from
<xex>Robin</xex> Hood.</def>

<hw>Rob"ert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <cref>Herb Robert</cref>, under <er>Herb</er>.</def>

<hw>Rob"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Properly a pet
name for <ets>Robert</ets>, originally meaning, famebright; F.,
fron OHG. <ets>Roudperht</ets>; <ets>ruod</ets> (in comp.; akin
to AS. <ets>hr<?/<?/</ets> glory, fame, Goth.
<ets>hr<?/peigs</ets> victorius) + <ets>beraht</ets> bright. See
<er>Bright</er>, <er>Hob</er> a clown.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small European singing
bird (<spn>Erythacus rubecula</spn>), having a reddish breast; --
called also <altname>robin redbreast</altname>,
<altname>robinet</altname>, and <altname>ruddock</altname>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American singing bird (<spn>Merula
migratoria</spn>), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The
upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called
also <altname>robin redbreast</altname>, and <altname>migratory
thrush</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Any one of several
species of Australian warblers of the genera <spn>Petroica</spn>,
<spn>Melanadrays</spn>, and allied genera; <as>as, the
scarlet-breasted <ex>robin</ex> (<spn>Petroica
mullticolor</spn>)</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Any one of several
Asiatic birds; <as>as, the Indian <ex>robins</ex></as></as>. See
<cref>Indian robin</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Beach robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the robin
snipe, or knot. See <er>Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue-throated
robin</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Bluethroat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada robin</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cedar bird.</cd> -- <col>Golden
robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Baltimore oriole.</cd>
-- <col>Ground robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
chewink.</cd> -- <col>Indian robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any one of several species of Asiatic saxoline birds of the
genera <spn>Thamnobia</spn> and <spn>Pratincola</spn>. They are
mostly black, usually with some white on the wings.</cd> --
<col>Magrie robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Asiatic
singing bird (<spn>Corsycus saularis</spn>), having the back,
head, neck, and breast black glossed with blue, the wings black,
and the belly white.</cd> -- <col>Ragged robin</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ragged</er>.</cd> --
<col>Robin accentor</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small
Asiatic singing bird (<spn>Accentor rubeculoides</spn>), somewhat
resembling the European robin.</cd> -- <col>Robin
redbreast</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
European robin</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The American robin</cd>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The American bluebird.</cd> -- <col>Robin
snipe</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The
red-breasted sandpiper, or knot.</cd> -- <col>Robin's
plantain</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Plantain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea robin</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species
of American gurnards of the genus <spn>Prionotus</spn>. They are
excellent food fishes. Called also <altname>wingfish</altname>.
The name is also applied to a European gurnard.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>The red-breasted merganser, or sheldrake</cd>. <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Water robin</col></mcol>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a redstart (<spn>Ruticulla
fuliginosa</spn>), native of India.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rob"i*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chaffinch; -- called
also <altname>roberd</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
European robin.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A military engine formerly used for throwing
darts and stones.</def>

<hw>Rob"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
putting on a robe.</def>

<cs><col>Robing room</col>, <cd>a room where official robes are
put on, as by judges, etc.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rob"in Good"fel`low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A celebrated
fairy; Puck. See <er>Puck</er>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ro**bin"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. So
called after Jean <ets>Robin</ets>, a French herbalist.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous trees including the
common locust of North America (<spn>Robinia
Pseudocacia</spn>).</def>

<hw>Rob"o*rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>roborans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Roborate</er>.]</ety>
<def>Strengthening.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A strengthening medicine; a
tonic.</def></def2>

<hw>Rob"o*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>roboratus</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>roborare</ets> to
strengthen, fr. <ets>robur</ets>, <ets>roboris</ets>,
strength.]</ety> <def>To give strength or support to; to
confirm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Rob`o*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>roboratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of strengthening.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Coles.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ro*bo"re*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ro*bo"re*ous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>roboreus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Made of oak.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ro*bust"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>robustus</ets> oaken, hard, strong, fr. <ets>robur</ets>
strength, a very hard kind of oak; cf. Skr. <ets>rabhas</ets>
violence: cf. F. <ets>robuste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong;
sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; <as>as, a <ex>robust</ex>
body; <ex>robust</ex> youth; <ex>robust</ex> health</as>.</def>

<-- p. 1247 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Violent; rough; rude.</def>

<q>While romp-loving miss
Is hauled about in gallantry <qex>robust</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Requiring strength or vigor; <as>as,
<ex>robust</ex> employment</as>.</def>

<au>Locke.</au>

<syn>Syn. -- Strong; lusty; sinewy; sturdy; muscular; hale;
hearty; vigorous; forceful; sound.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Robust</er>, <er>Strong</er>. <xex>Robust</xex> means,
literally, made of <xex>oak</xex>, and hence implies great
compactness and toughness of muscle, connected with a thick-set
frame and great powers of endurance. <xex>Strong</xex> denotes
the power of exerting great physical force. The <xex>robust</xex>
man can bear heat or cold, excess or privation, and toil on
through every kind of hardship; the <xex>strong</xex> man can
lift a great weight, can give a heavy blow, and a hard gripe.
\'bd<xex>Robust</xex>, tough sinews bred to toil.\'b8
<au>Cowper</au>.</usage>

<q>Then 'gan the villain wax so fierce and <qex>strong</qex>,
<qex>That nothing may sustain his furious force</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ro*bus"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>robusteus</ets> of oak.]</ety> <def>Robust.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Humorous]</mark>

<au>W. Irving.</au>

<q>In Scotland they had handled the bishops in a more
<qex>robustious</qex> manner.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ro*bus"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Ro*bus"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ro*bust"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a robust
manner.</def>

<hw>Ro*bust"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being robust.</def>

<hw>Roc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. & Per.
<ets>rokh</ets> or <ets>rukh</ets>. Cf. <er>Rook</er> a
castle.]</ety> <def>A monstrous bird of Arabian mythology.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>rock</asp>, and
<asp>rukh</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<hw>Roc"am*bole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>rokambole</asp>.]</altsp>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of <spn>Allium Scorodoprasum</spn>
and <spn>A. Ascalonium</spn>, two kinds of garlic, the latter of
which is also called <altname>shallot</altname>.</def>

<hw>Roc*cel"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>roccellique</ets>, fr. <ets>roccelle</ets> archil, It. & NL.
<ets>roccella</ets>, fr. It. <ets>rocca</ets> a rock, because
archil grows on rock.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining
to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series found in
archil (<spn>Roccella tinctoria</spn>, etc.), and other lichens,
and extracted as a white crystalline substance
<chform>C17H32O4</chform>.</def>

<hw>Roc*cel"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A red
dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, archil, etc.  It
consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo derivative of
naphtol.</def>

<hw>Roche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rock</er>.]</ety> <def>Rock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Roche" al`um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
kind of alum occuring in small fragments; -- so called from
<xex>Rocca</xex>, in Syria, whence alum is said to have been
obtained; -- also called <altname>rock alum</altname>.</def>

<hw>Roche"lime`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>roche</ets> rock + E. <ets>lime</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lime in
the lump after it is burned; quicklime.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Ro*chelle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A seaport
town in France.</def>

<cs><col>Rochelle powders</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Seidlitz
powders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rochelle salt</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the double tartrate of sodium and
potassium, a white crystalline substance. It has a cooling,
saline, slightly bitter taste and is employed as a mild
purgative. It was discovered by Seignette, an apothecary of
Rochelle, and is called also <altname>Seignete's
salt</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>\'d8Roche" mou`ton`n\'82e"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.,
sheep-shaped rock.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Sheepback</er>.</def>

<hw>Roch"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim. fr.
OHG. <ets>rocch</ets> coat, G. <ets>rock</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A linen garment resembling
the surplise, but with narrower sleeves, also without sleeves,
worn by bishops, and by some other ecclesiastical dignitaries, in
certain religious ceremonies.</def>

<q>They see no difference between an idler with a hat and
national cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a
<qex>rochet</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A frock or outer garment worn in the thirteenth
and fourteenth centuries.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Rom. of R.</au>

<hw>Roch"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably corrupted fr. F.
<ets>rouget</ets> the red gurnet, from <ets>rouge</ets> red. CF.
<er>Rouge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red
gurnard, or gurnet. See <er>Gurnard</er>.</def>

<hw>Roch"ing cask`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Probably from F.
<ets>roche</ets> a rock.]</ety> <def>A tank in which alum is
crystallized from a solution.</def>

<hw>Rock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Roc</er>.</def>

<hw>Rock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>rocke</ets>; akin to
D. <ets>rok</ets>, <ets>rokken</ets>, G. <ets>rocken</ets>, OHG.
<ets>roccho</ets>, Dan. <ets>rok</ets>, Icel. <ets>rokkr</ets>.
Cf. <er>Rocket</er> a firework.]</ety> <def>A distaff used in
spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, and
from which the thread is drawn in spinning.</def>

<au>Chapman.</au>

<q>Sad Clotho held the <qex>rocke</qex>, the whiles the thread
By grisly Lachesis was spun with pain,
That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Rock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>roke</ets>, F.
<ets>roche</ets>; cf. Armor. <ets>roc'h</ets>, and AS.
<ets>rocc</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A large concreted mass
of stony material; a large fixed stone or crag. See
<er>Stone</er>.</def>

<q>Come one, come all! this <qex>rock</qex> shall fly
From its firm base as soon as I.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Any natural deposit forming a
part of the earth's crust, whether consolidated or not, including
sand, earth, clay, etc., when in natural beds.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which resembles a rock in firmness; a
defense; a support; a refuge.</def>

<q>The Lord is my <qex>rock</qex>, and my fortress.</q>
<qau>2 Sam. xxii. 2.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck
resembling the wreck of a vessel upon a rock.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The striped bass. See
under <er>Bass</er>.</def>

<note><hand/ This word is frequently used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>rock</xex>-bound,
<xex>rock</xex>-built, <xex>rock</xex>-ribbed,
<xex>rock</xex>-roofed, and the like.</note>

<cs><col>Rock alum</col>. <ety>[Probably so called by confusion
with F. <ets>roche<ets> a rock.]</ety> <cd>Same as <er>Roche
alum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock barnacle</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a barnacle (<spn>Balanus
balanoides</spn>) very abundant on rocks washed by tides.</cd> --
<col>Rock bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
stripped bass</cd>. See under <er>Bass</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The
goggle-eye.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The cabrilla. Other species are
also locally called <xex>rock bass<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Rock
builder</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, any species of animal whose
remains contribute to the formation of rocks, especially the
corals and Foraminifera.</cd> -- <col>Rock butter</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>native alum mixed with clay and oxide of
iron, usually in soft masses of a yellowish white color, occuring
in cavities and fissures in argillaceous slate.</cd> -- <col>Rock
candy</col>, <cd>a form of candy consisting of crystals of pure
sugar which are very hard, whence the name.</cd> -- <col>Rock
cavy</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Moco</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rock cod</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
small, often reddish or brown, variety of the cod found about
rocks andledges</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A California
rockfish.</cd> -- <col>Rock cook</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A European wrasse (<spn>Centrolabrus
exoletus</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A rockling.</cd> --
<col>Rock cork</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of asbestus
the fibers of which are loosely interlaced. It resembles cork in
its texture.</cd> -- <col>Rock crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any one of several species of large crabs of the genus
<spn>Cancer</spn>, as the two species of the New England coast
(<spn>C. irroratus</spn> and <spn>C. borealis</spn>). See
<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Cancer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock
cress</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of several plants of
the cress kind found on rocks, as <spn>Arabis petr\'91a</spn>,
<spn>A. lyrata</spn>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Rock crystal</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>limpid quartz. See <er>Quartz</er>, and
under <er>Crystal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock dove</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rock pigeon; -- called also
<altname>rock doo</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rock drill</col>,
<cd>an implement for drilling holes in rock; esp., a machine
impelled by steam or compressed air, for drilling holes for
blasting, etc.</cd> -- <col>Rock duck</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the harlequin duck.</cd> -- <col>Rock
eel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gunnel</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rock goat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wild goat, or
ibex.</cd> -- <col>Rock hopper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
penguin of the genus <spn>Catarractes</spn>. See under
<er>Penguin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock kangaroo</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Kangaroo</er>, and
<er>Petrogale</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock lobster</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of large
spinose lobsters of the genera <spn>Panulirus</spn> and
<spn>Palinurus</spn>. They have no large claws. Called also
<altname>spiny lobster</altname>, and <altname>sea
crayfish</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rock meal</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a light powdery variety of calcite
occuring as an efflorescence.</cd> -- <col>Rock milk</col>.
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Agaric mineral</cref>, under
<er>Agaric</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock moss</col>, <cd>a kind of
lichen; the cudbear. See <er>Cudbear</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock
oil</col>. <cd>See <er>Petroleum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock
parrakeet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small Australian
parrakeet (<spn>Euphema petrophila</spn>), which nests in holes
among the rocks of high cliffs. Its general color is yellowish
olive green; a frontal band and the outer edge of the wing quills
are deep blue, and the central tail feathers bluish green.</cd>
-- <col>Rock pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wild
pigeon (<spn>Columba livia</spn>) Of Europe and Asia, from which
the domestic pigeon was derived. See <xex>Illust<xex>. under
<er>Pigeon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock pipit</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See the Note under <er>Pipit</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Rock plover</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>The black-bellied, or whistling, plover</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>The rock snipe.</cd> -- <col>Rock ptarmigan</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an arctic American ptarmigan
(<spn>Lagopus rupestris</spn>), which in winter is white, with
the tail and lores black. In summer the males are grayish brown,
coarsely vermiculated with black, and have black patches on the
back.</cd> -- <col>Rock rabbit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the hyrax. See <er>Cony</er>, and <er>Daman</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rock ruby</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a fine reddish
variety of garnet.</cd> -- <col>Rock salt</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>cloride of sodium (common salt) occuring
in rocklike masses in mines; mineral salt; salt dug from the
earth. In the United States this name is sometimes given to salt
in large crystals, formed by evaporation from sea water in large
basins or cavities.</cd> -- <col>Rock seal</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the harbor seal. See
<er>Seal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock shell</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of Murex, Purpura, and
allied genera.</cd> -- <col>Rock snake</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several large pythons; as,
the royal <xex>rock snake<xex> (<spn>Python regia</spn>) of
Africa, and the <xex>rock snake<xex> of India (<spn>P.
molurus</spn>). The Australian rock snakes mostly belong to the
allied genus <spn>Morelia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Rock snipe</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the purple sandpiper (<spn>Tringa
maritima</spn>); -- called also <altname>rock bird</altname>,
<altname>rock plover</altname>, <altname>winter
snipe</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rock soap</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>a kind of clay having a smooth, greasy feel, and adhering to
the tongue.</cd> -- <col>Rock sparrow</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species
of Old World sparrows of the genus <spn>Petronia</spn>, as
<spn>P. stulla</spn>, of Europe.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A North
American sparrow (<spn>Puc\'91a ruficeps</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Rock tar</col>, <cd>petroleum.</cd> -- <col>Rock
thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any Old World thrush of
the genus <spn>Monticola</spn>, or <spn>Petrocossyphus</spn>;
<as>as, the European <ex>rock thrush<ex> (<spn>M.
saxatilis</spn>), and the blue <ex>rock thrush<ex> of India
(<spn>M. cyaneus</spn>), in which the male is blue
throughout</as>.</cd> -- <col>Rock tripe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a kind of lichen (<spn>Umbilicaria Dillenii</spn>) growing on
rocks in the northen parts of America, and forming broad, flat,
coriaceous, dark fuscous or blackish expansions. It has been used
as food in cases of extremity.</cd> -- <col>Rock trout</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of marine
food fishes of the genus <spn>Hexagrammus</spn>, family
<spn>Chirad\'91</spn>, native of the North Pacific coasts; --
called also <altname>sea trout</altname>,
<altname>boregat</altname>, <altname>bodieron</altname>, and
<altname>starling</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rock warbler</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small Australian singing bird
(<spn>Origma rubricata</spn>) which frequents rocky ravines and
water courses; -- called also <altname>cataract
bird</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rock wren</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of wrens of
the genus <spn>Salpinctes</spn>, native of the arid plains of
Lower California and Mexico.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rocked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rocking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>roccian</ets>; akin
to Dan. <ets>rokke</ets> to move, to snake; cf. Icel.
<ets>rukkja</ets> to pull, move, G. <ets>r\'81cken</ets> to move,
push, pull.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to sway backward and
forward, as a body resting on a support beneath; <as>as, to
<ex>rock</ex> a cradle or chair</as>; to cause to vibrate; to
cause to reel or totter.</def>

<q>A rising earthquake <qex>rocked</qex> the ground.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep
by rocking; to still; to quiet.</def> \'bdSleep <xex>rock</xex>
thy brain.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<note><hand/ <xex>Rock</xex> differs from <xex>shake</xex>, as
denoting a slower, less violent, and more uniform motion, or
larger movements. It differs from <xex>swing</xex>, which
expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.</note>

<hw>Rock</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move or be
moved backward and forward; to be violently agitated; to reel; to
totter.</def>

<q>The <qex>rocking</qex> town
Supplants their footsteps.</q>
<qau>J. Philips .</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To roll or saway backward and forward upon a
support; <as>as, to <ex>rock</ex> in a rocking-chair</as>.</def>

<hw>Rock"a*way</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[Probably from
<ets>Rockaway</ets> beach, where it was used.]</ety>
<def>Formerly, a light, low, four-wheeled carriage, with standing
top, open at the sides, but having waterproof curtains which
could be let down when occasion required; now, a somewhat
similar, but heavier, carriage, inclosed, except in front, and
having a door at each side.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rock"e*lay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rock"lay</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rokelay</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Rock"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who rocks;
specifically, one who rocks a cradle.</def>

<q>It was I, sir, said the <qex>rocker</qex>, who had the honor,
some thirty years since, to attend on your highness in your
infancy.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on
which a cradle, chair, etc., rocks.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any implement or machine working with a rocking
motion, as a trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust
from gravel, etc., by agitation in water.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A chair mounted on rockers; a
rocking-chair.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling
in shape the rocker of a cradle.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rock
shaft</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Rocker arm</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an arm borne by
a rock shaft.</cd></cs>
<-- <col>To be off one's rocker</col>, <cd>to be insane.</cd> -->

<hw>Rock"ered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>Shaped like a rocker; curved; <as>as, a <ex>rockered</ex>
keel</as>.</def>

<hw>Rock"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>A mound formed of fragments of rock,
earth, etc., and set with plants.</def>

<hw>Rock"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>roquette</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>ruqueta</ets>, It
<ets>ruchetta</ets>), fr. L. <ets>eruca</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cruciferous plant
(<spn>Eruca sativa</spn>) sometimes eaten in Europe as a
salad.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Damewort.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Rocket larkspur. See below.</def>

<cs><col>Dyer's Rocket</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Dyer's broom</cref>, under <er>Broom</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rocket larkspur</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual plant
with showy flowers in long racemes (<spn>Delphinium
Ajacis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sea rocket</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>either of two fleshy cruciferous plants (<spn>Cakile
maritima</spn> and <spn>C. Americana</spn>) found on the seashore
of Europe and America.</cd> -- <col>Yellow rocket</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a common cruciferous weed with yellow
flowers (<spn>Barbarea vulgaris</spn>).</cd></cs>

<hw>Rock"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>rocchetta</ets>, fr. <ets>rocca</ets> a distaff, of German
origin. Named from the resemblance in shape to a distaff. See
<er>Rock</er> a distaff.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An artificial
firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper or metal
filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter,
charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The
rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the
expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the
composition. Rockets are used as projectiles for various
purposes, for signals, and also for pyrotechnic display.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blunt lance head used in the joust.</def>

<-- any flying device propelled by the reactive force of hot
gases expelled in the direction opposite its motion.  The fuel
used to generate the expelled gases in rockets may be solid or
liquid; rockets propelled by liquid fuels typically have a
combustible fuel (such as hydrogen or kerosene) which is combined
inside the rocket engine with an oxidizer, such as liquid oxygen. 
Single liquid fuels (called monopropellants) are also known. 
Since rockets do not depend on a surrounding fluid medium to
generate their thrust, as do airplanes with propellers or jet
engines, they may be used for propulsion in the vacuum of space.
-->

<cs><col>Congreve rocket</col>, <cd>a powerful form of rocket for
use in war, invented by Sir William Congreve. It may be used
either in the field or for bombardment; in the former case, it is
armed with shells or case shot; in the latter, with a combustible
material inclosed in a metallic case, which is inextinguishable
when kindled, and scatters its fire on every side.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rock"et</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rocketed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rocketing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>To
rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present
participle or as an adjective.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<q>An old cock pheasant came <qex>rocketing</qex> over me.</q>
<qau>H. R. Haggard.</qau>

<hw>Rock"et*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>A bird, especially a pheasant, which,
being flushed, rises straight in the air like a rocket.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Rock"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several
California scorp\'91noid food fishes of the genus
<spn>Sebastichthys</spn>, <as>as the red <ex>rockfish</ex>
(<spn>S. ruber</spn>)</as>. They are among the most important of
California market fishes. Called also <altname>rock
cod</altname>, and <altname>garrupa</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The striped bass</def>. See <er>Bass</er>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Any one of several species of Florida and Bermuda groupers
of the genus <spn>Epinephelus</spn></def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An
American fresh-water darter; the log perch.</def>

<note><hand/ The term is locally applied to various other
fishes.</note>

<hw>Rock"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rocky</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being
rocky.</def>

<hw>Rock"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a swaying, rolling,
or back-and-forth movement; used for rocking.</def>

<cs><col>Rocking shaft</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Rock
shaft</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rock"ing-chair`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chair
mounted on rockers, in which one may rock.</def>

<hw>Rock"ing-horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
figure of a horse, mounted upon rockers, for children to
ride.</def>

<hw>Rock"ing-stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stone, often of great size and weight, resting upon another
stone, and so exactly poised that it can be rocked, or slightly
moved, with but little force.</def>

<hw>Rock"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without rocks.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Rock"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of small marine fishes of
the genera <spn>Onos</spn> and <spn>Rhinonemus</spn> (formerly
<spn>Motella</spn>), allied to the cod. They have three or four
barbels.</def>

<hw>Rock"rose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A name given to any species of the genus
<spn>Helianthemum</spn>, low shrubs or herbs with yellow flowers,
especially the European <spn>H. vulgare</spn> and the American
frostweed, <spn>H. Canadense</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Cretan rockrose</col>, <cd>a related shrub (<spn>Cistus
Creticus</spn>), one of the plants yielding the fragrant gum
called <xex>ladanum<xex>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rock" shaft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Rock</er>,
<ets>v. i.</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A shaft that
oscillates on its journals, instead of revolving, -- usually
carrying levers by means of which it receives and communicates
reciprocating motion, as in the valve gear of some steam engines;
-- called also <altname>rocker</altname>, <altname>rocking
shaft</altname>, and <altname>way shaft</altname>.</def>

<hw>Rock" staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Rock</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>An oscillating bar in a machine, as
the lever of the bellows of a forge.</def>

<hw>Rock"suck`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lamprey.</def>

<hw>Rock"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any coarse seaweed growing on sea-washed rocks, especially
Fucus.</def>

<-- p. 1248 -->

<hw>Rock"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Ligniform asbestus; also, fossil wood.</def>

<hw>Rock"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Stonework in which the surface is left
broken and rough.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>A rockery.</def>

<hw>Rock"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full
of, or abounding in, rocks; consisting of rocks; <as>as, a
<ex>rocky</ex> mountain; a <ex>rocky</ex> shore</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like a rock; <as>as, the <ex>rocky</ex> orb of a
shield</as>.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Not easily impressed or affected; hard;
unfeeling; obdurate; <as>as, a <ex>rocky</ex> bosom</as>.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><col>Rocky Mountain locust</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the Western locust, or grasshopper. See
<er>Grasshopper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rocky Mountain sheep</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Bighorn</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro"coa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rocou</ets>, <ets>roicou</ets>, Pg. & Braz,
<ets>uruc\'a3</ets>.]</ety> <def>The orange-colored pulp covering
the seeds of the tropical plant <spn>Bixa Orellana</spn>, from
which annotto is prepared. See <er>Annoto</er>.</def>

<hw>Ro*co"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; of
uncertain etymology.]</ety> <def>A florid style of ornamentation
which prevailed in Europe in the latter part of the eighteenth
century.</def>

<hw>Ro*co"co</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the
style called rococo; like rococo; florid; fantastic.</def>

<hw>Rod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The same word as
<ets>rood</ets>. See <er>Rood</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of
wood or metal (applied to various purposes).</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument of punishment or correction;
figuratively, chastisement.</def>

<q>He that spareth his <qex>rod</qex> hateth his son.</q>
<qau>Prov. xiii. 24.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence,
figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression</def>.
\'bdThe <xex>rod</xex>, and bird of peace.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A support for a fishing line; a fish
pole</def>. <au>Gay</au>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mach. &
Structure)</fld> <def>A member used in tension, as for sustaining
a suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for
transmitting reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar. </def>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>An instrument for measuring</def>.

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A measure of length containing sixteen and a
half feet; -- called also <altname>perch</altname>, and
<altname>pole</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Black rod</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --
<col>Rods and cones</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the elongated
cells or elements of the sensory layer of the retina, some of
which are cylindrical, others somewhat conical.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rod"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of rods or
twigs.</def>

<hw>Rod"dy</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ruddy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rud</er>.]</ety> <def>Redness; complexion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHis <xex>rode</xex> was red.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rode</hw>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Ride</er>.</def>

<hw>Rode</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Rood</er>, the
cross.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ro"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rodens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>rodere</ets>
to gnaw. See <er>Rase</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Rostrum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Gnawing; biting;
corroding; <fld>(Med.)</fld> applied to a destructive variety of
cancer or ulcer.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>Gnawing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Rodentia.</def>

<hw>Ro"dent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of
the Rodentia.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ro*den"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Rodent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of mammals having two (rarely
four) large incisor teeth in each jaw, distant from the molar
teeth. The rats, squirrels, rabbits, marmots, and beavers belong
to this order.</def>

<note><hand/ The incisor teeth are long, curved, and strongly
enameled on the outside, so as to keep a cutting edge. They have
a persistent pulp and grow continuously.</note>

<hw>\'d8Ro*de"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[SP., a
going round.]</ety> <def>A round-up. See <er>Round-up</er>.</def>
<mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Rodge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The gadwall.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Rod"o*mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ rose + <?/<?/<?/ honey.]</ety> <def>Juice of roses
mixed with honey.</def>

<au>Simmonds.</au>

<hw>Rod"o*mont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rodomont</ets>, It. <ets>rodomonte</ets>, fr.
<ets>Rodomonte</ets>, <ets>Rodamonte</ets>, a boasting hero in
the \'bdOrlando Furioso\'b8 of Ariosto, and the \'bdOrlando
Innamorato\'b8 of Bojardo; properly, one who rolls away
mountains; Prov. It. <ets>rodare</ets> to roll away (fr. L.
<ets>rota</ets> a wheel) + It. <ets>monte</ets> a mountain, L.
<ets>mons</ets>. See <er>Rotary</er>, <er>Mount</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A vain or blustering boaster; a
braggart; a braggadocio.</def>

<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>

<hw>Rod"o*mont</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bragging; vainly
boasting.</def>

<hw>Rod`o*mon*tade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
fr. It. <ets>rodomontana</ets>. See <er>Rodomont</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Vain boasting; empty bluster or
vaunting; rant.</def>

<q>I could show that the <qex>rodomontades</qex> of Almanzor are
neither so irrational nor impossible.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Rod`o*mon*tade"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To boast; to
brag; to bluster; to rant.</def>

<hw>Rod`o*mon*tad"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who boasts.</def>

<hw>Rod`o*mon*ta"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Rodomontade.</def>

<hw>Rod`o*mon*ta"dor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
rodomontadist.</def>

<hw>Rods"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rodsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who carries and
holds a leveling staff, or rod, in a surveying party.</def>

<au>G. W. Cable.</au>

<hw>Ro"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ruddy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Roe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ro</ets>,
AS. <ets>r\'beh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>ree</ets>, G.
<ets>reh</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'be</ets>, SW.
<ets>r\'86</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A roebuck. See <er>Roebuck</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
female of any species of deer.</def>

<hw>Roe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>roan</ets>, OE.
<ets>rowne</ets>, akin to G. <ets>rogen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>rogan</ets>, Icel. <ets>hrogn</ets>, Dan. <ets>rogn</ets>,
<ets>ravn</ets>, Sw. <ets>rom</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ pebble, Skr.  <ets><?/arkar\'be</ets> gravel.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ova or spawn of fishes
and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian
membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the
testes of the male.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood,
especially in mahogany.</def>

<hw>Roe"buck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[1st
<ets>roe</ets> + <ets>buck</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A small European and Asiatic deer (<spn>Capreolus
capr\'91a</spn>) having erect, cylindrical, branched antlers,
forked at the summit. This, the smallest European deer, is very
nimble and graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or
high grounds.</def>

<hw>Roed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Filled with roe.</def>

<hw>Roe"deer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The roebuck.</def>

<hw>Roe"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>O\'94lite</er>.</def>

<hw>Ro*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>rogare</ets>, <ets>rogatum</ets>, to
ask, beg, supplicate: cf. F. <ets>rogation</ets>. Cf.
<er>Abrogate</er>, <er>Arrogant</er>, <er>Probogue</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The demand, by the
consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people; a
proposed law or decree.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Litany; supplication.</def>

<q>He perfecteth the <qex>rogations</qex> or litanies before in
use.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>

<cs><col>Rogation days</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the three
days which immediately precede Ascension <er>Day</er>; -- so
called as being days on which the people, walking in procession,
sang litanies of special supplication.</cd> -- <col>Rogation
flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European species of
milkwort (<spn>Polygala vulgaris</spn>); -- so called from its
former use for garlands in Rogation week. <au>Dr.
Prior</au>.</cd> -- <col>Rogation week</col>, <cd>the second week
before Whitsunday, in which the Rogation days occur.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rog"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <def>Seeking information; authorized to
examine witnesses or ascertain facts; <as>as, a <ex>rogatory</ex>
commission</as>.</def>

<au>Woolsey.</au>

<hw>Rogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rogue</ets> proud, haughty, supercilious; cf. Icel.
<ets>hr<?/kr</ets> a rook, croaker (cf. <er>Rook</er> a bird), or
Armor. <ets>rok</ets>, <ets>rog</ets>, proud, arogant.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <def>A vagrant; an idle, sturdy
beggar; a vagabond; a tramp.</def>

<note><hand/ The phrase <xex>rogues and vagabonds</xex> is
applied to a large class of wandering, disorderly, or dissolute
persons. They were formerly punished by being whipped and having
the gristle of the right ear bored with a hot iron.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a
cheat.</def>

<q>The <qex>rogue</qex> and fool by fits is fair and wise.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome;
hence, often used as a term of endearment.</def>

<q>Ah, you sweet little <qex>rogue</qex>, you!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>An elephant that has separated from a herd and
roams about alone, in which state it is very savage.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A worthless plant occuring
among seedlings of some choice variety.</def>

<cs><col>Rogues' gallery</col>, <cd>a collection of portraits of
rogues or criminals, for the use of the police authorities.</cd>
-- <col>Rogue's march</col>, <cd>derisive music performed in
driving away a person under popular indignation or official
sentence, as when a soldier is drummed out of a regiment.</cd> --
<col>Rogue's yarn</col>, <cd>yarn of a different twist and color
from the rest, inserted into the cordage of the British navy, to
identify it if stolen, or for the purpose of tracing the maker in
case of defect. Different makers are required to use yarns of
different colors.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rogue</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To wander; to play the
vagabond; to play knavish tricks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rogue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give the
name or designation of rogue to; to decry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Cudworth.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>To destroy (plants that do
not come up to a required standard).</def>

<hw>Rogu"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The life of a vargant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks;
cheating; fraud; dishonest practices.</def>

<q>'Tis no scandal grown,
For debt and <qex>roguery</qex> to quit the town.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Arch tricks; mischievousness.</def>

<hw>Rogue"ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being a rogue.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark> \'bdYour
<xex>rogueship</xex>.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Rogu"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Vagrant.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q>His <qex>roguish</qex> madness
Allows itself to anything.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling, or characteristic of, a rogue;
knavish.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pleasantly mischievous; waggish; arch.</def>

<q>The most bewitching leer with her eyes, the most
<qex>roguish</qex> cast.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rogu"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rogu"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n</pos>.</def>

<hw>Rogu"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Roguish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>L'Estrange.</au>

<hw>Ro"hob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An inspissated
juice. See <er>Rob</er>.</def>

<hw>Roi"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Royal.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Roil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Roiled</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Roiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE.
<ets>roilen</ets> to wander; possibly fr. OF. <ets>roeler</ets>
to roll, equiv. to F. <ets>rouler</ets>. See <er>Roll</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>, and cf. <er>Rile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of; <as>as, to
<ex>roil</ex> wine, cider, etc.</as> , in casks or bottles; to
<xex>roil</xex> a spring.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper
of; to rouse the passion of resentment in; to perplex.</def>

<q>That his friends should believe it, was what <qex>roiled</qex>
him [Judge Jeffreys] exceedingly.</q>
<qau>R. North.</qau>

<note><hand/ Provincial in England and colloquial in the United
States. A commoner, but less approved, form is
<xex>rile</xex>.</note>

<hw>Roil</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wander; to
roam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To romp.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<hw>Roil"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Turbid; <as>as,
<ex>roily</ex> water</as>.</def>

<hw>Roin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Royne</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Roin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rogne</ets>. See
<er>Roynish</er>.]</ety> <def>A scab; a scurf, or scurfy
spot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Roin"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See <er>Roynish</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Roint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>See
<er>Aroint</er>.</def>

<hw>Roist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Roister</er>.</def>

<hw>Roist"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Probably
fr. F. <ets>rustre</ets> boor, a clown, clownish, fr. L.
<ets>rustucus</ets> rustic. See <er>Rustic</er>.]</ety> <def>To
bluster; to swagger; to bully; to be bold, noisy, vaunting, or
turbulent.</def>

<q>I have a <qex>roisting</qex> challenge sent amongst
The dull and factious nobles of the Greeks.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Roist"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Roisterer</er>.</def>

<hw>Roist"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
blustering, turbulent fellow.</def>

<q>If two <qex>roisterers</qex> met, they cocked their hats in
each other faces.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<hw>Roist"er*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Blustering;
violent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Roist"er*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a roistering
manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rok"am*bole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rocambole</er>.</def>

<hw>Roke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Reek</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Mist; smoke; damp</def>
<mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>roak</asp>,
<asp>rook</asp>, and <asp>rouk</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vein of ore.</def> <mark>[Pov.Eng.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Roke"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Rok"ee</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Nocake</er>.]</ety> <def>Parched Indian corn, pounded up and
mixed with sugar; -- called also
<altname>yokeage</altname>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Rok"e*lay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Roquelaure</er>.]</ety> <def>A short cloak.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>rockelay</asp>, <asp>rocklay</asp>,
etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Rok"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Roke</er>.]</ety> <def>Misty; foggy; cloudy.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Ray.</au>

<hw>R\'93le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Roll</er>.]</ety> <def>A part, or character, performed by an
actor in a drama; hence, a part of function taken or assumed by
any one; <as>as, he has now taken the <ex>r\'93le</ex> of
philanthropist</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Title r\'93le</col>, <cd>the part, or character, which
gives the title to a play, as the part of Hamlet in the play of
that name.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rolled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rolling</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OF. <ets>roeler</ets>, <ets>roler</ets>, F.
<ets>rouler</ets>, LL. <ets>rotulare</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>royulus</ets>, <ets>rotula</ets>, a little wheel, dim. of
<ets>rota</ets> wheel; akin to G. <ets>rad</ets>, and to Skr.
<ets>ratha</ets> car, chariot. Cf. <er>Control</er>,
<er>Roll</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Rotary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by
turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and
over on a supporting surface; <as>as, to <ex>roll</ex> a wheel, a
ball, or a barrel</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wrap round on itself; to form into a
spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over;
<as>as, to <ex>roll</ex> a sheet of paper; to <ex>roll</ex>
parchment; to <ex>roll</ex> clay or putty into a ball.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage;
to inwrap; -- often with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>roll</ex>
up a parcel</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To drive or impel forward with an easy motion,
as of rolling; <as>as, a river <ex>rolls</ex> its waters to the
ocean</as>.</def>

<q>The flood of Catholic reaction was <qex>rolled</qex> over
Europe.</q>
<qau>J. A. Symonds.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to
utter with a deep sound; -- often with <xex>forth</xex>, or
<xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>roll</ex> forth some one's
praises; to <ex>roll</ex> out sentences.</as></def>

<q>Who <qex>roll'd</qex> the psalm to wintry skies.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To press or level with a roller; to spread or
form with a roll, roller, or rollers; <as>as, to <ex>roll</ex> a
field; to <ex>roll</ex> paste; to <ex>roll</ex> steel rails,
etc.</as></def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means
of, rollers or small wheels.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a
drum; to sound a roll upon.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To apply (one line or
surface) to another without slipping; to bring all the parts of
(one line or surface) into successive contact with another, in
suck manner that at every instant the parts that have been in
contact are equal.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>To turn over in one's mind; to revolve.</def>

<q>Full oft in heart he <qex>rolleth</qex> up and down
The beauty of these florins new and bright.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<-- 11. To rob, usu. a person unable to resist, as an
unconscious, drunk, or sleeping person, by removing valuables on
his person; as, to roll a drunk. -->

<cs><col>To roll one's self</col>, <cd>to wallow.</cd> -- <col>To
roll the eye</col>, <cd>to direct its axis hither and thither in
quick succession.</cd> -- <col>To roll one's r's</col>, <cd>to
utter the letter <xex>r<xex> with a trill.
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hw>Roll</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move, as a
curved object may, along a surface by rotation without sliding;
to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and over; <as>as, a ball or
wheel <ex>rolls</ex> on the earth; a body <ex>rolls</ex> on an
inclined plane.</as></def>

<q>And her foot, look you, is fixed upon a spherical stone, which
<qex>rolls</qex>, and <qex>rolls</qex>, and <qex>rolls</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move on wheels; <as>as, the carriage
<ex>rolls</ex> along the street</as>.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>rolling</xex> chair.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball;
<as>as, the cloth <ex>rolls</ex> unevenly; the snow
<ex>rolls</ex> well.</as></def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fall or tumble; -- with <xex>over</xex>;
<as>as, a stream <ex>rolls</ex> over a precipice</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To perform a periodical revolution; to move
onward as with a revolution; <as>as, the <ex>rolling</ex> year;
ages <ex>roll</ex> away.</as></def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To turn; to move circularly.</def>

<q>And his red eyeballs <qex>roll</qex> with living fire.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To move, as waves or billows, with alternate
swell and depression.</def>

<q>What different sorrows did within thee <qex>roll</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>To incline first to one side, then to the other;
to rock; <as>as, there is a great difference in ships about
<ex>rolling</ex></as>; in a general semse, to be tossed
about.</def>

<q>Twice ten tempestuous nights I <qex>rolled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>To turn over, or from side to side, while lying
down; to wallow; <as>as, a horse <ex>rolls</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>To spread under a roller or rolling-pin;
<as>as, the paste <ex>rolls</ex> well</as>.</def>

<sn>11.</sn> <def>To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they
can scarcely be distinguished by the ear.</def>

<sn>12.</sn> <def>To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; <as>as,
the thunder <ex>rolls</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>To roll about</col>, <cd>to gad abroad.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<q>Man shall not suffer his wife go <qex>roll about</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Roll</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'93le</ets> a roll
(in sense 3), fr. L. <ets>rotulus <?/</ets> little wheel, LL., a
roll, dim. of L. <ets>rota</ets> a wheel. See <er>Roll</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>, and cf. <er>R\'93le</er>, <er>Rouleau</er>,
<er>Roulette</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rolling, or
state of being rolled; <as>as, the <ex>roll</ex> of a ball; the
<ex>roll</ex> of waves</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which rolls; a roller.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A heavy cylinder used to break clods</def>.
<au>Mortimer</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a set of revolving
cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or
smoothed, as in a rolling mill; <as>as, to pass rails through the
<ex>rolls</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is rolled up; <as>as, a <ex>roll</ex>
of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, etc.</as></def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A document written on a piece of parchment,
paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll.</def>

<q>Busy angels spread
The lasting <qex>roll</qex>, recording what we say.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<-- p. 1249 -->

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hence, an official or public document; a
register; a record; also, a catalogue; a list</def>.

<q>The <qex>rolls</qex> of Parliament, the entry of the
petitions, answers, and transactions in Parliament, are
extant.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>

<q>The <qex>roll</qex> and list of that army doth remain.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical
form; <as>as, a <ex>roll</ex> of carpeting; a <ex>roll</ex> of
ribbon</as>.</def>  <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A cylindrical twist of
tobacco</def>.

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread,
often rolled or doubled upon itself.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The oscillating movement of a
vessel from side to side, in sea way, as distinguished from the
alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called
<xex>pitching</xex>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A heavy, reverberatory sound; <as>as, the
<ex>roll of</ex> cannon, or of thunder</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so
rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Part; office; duty; r\'93le.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>L'Estrange.</au>

<cs><col>Long roll</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a prolonged roll
of the drums, as the signal of an attack by the enemy, and for
the troops to arrange themselves in line.</cd> -- <col>Master of
the rolls</col>. <cd>See under <er>Master</er>.</cd> -- <col>Roll
call</col>, <cd>the act, or the time, of calling over a list
names, as among soldiers.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Rolls of
court</col>, <col>of parliament</col></mcol> (or of any public
body), <cd>the parchments or rolls on which the acts and
proceedings of that body are engrossed by the proper officer, and
which constitute the records of such public body.</cd> -- <col>To
call the roll</col>, <cd>to call off or recite a list or roll of
names of persons belonging to an organization, in order to
ascertain who are present or to obtain responses from those
present.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- List; schedule; catalogue; register; inventory. See
<er>List</er>.</syn>

<hw>Roll"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being rolled.</def>

<hw>Roll"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, rolls; especially, a cylinder, sometimes
grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in husbandry and the
arts.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad
bandage used in surgery.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of series of long, heavy
waves which roll in upon a coast, sometimes in calm
weather.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a
rolling cylinder; -- called also <altname>roller
towel</altname>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A cylinder coated with a
composition made principally of glue and molassess, with which
forms of type are inked previously to taking an impression from
them.</def>

<au>W. Savage.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A long cylinder on which something is rolled up;
<as>as, the <ex>roller</ex> of a man</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate,
etc.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>ANy insect whose larva
rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see <er>Tortrix</er>.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>rollier</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of Old
World picarian birds of the family <spn>Coraciad\'91</spn>. The
name alludes to their habit of suddenly turning over or
\'bdtumbling\'b8 in flight.</def>

<note><hand/ Many of the species are brilliantly colored. The
common European species (<spn>Coracias garrula</spn>) has the
head, neck, and under parts light blue varied with green, the
scapulars chestnut brown, and the tail blue, green, and black.
The broad-billed rollers of India and Africa belong to the genus
<spn>Eurystomus</spn>, as the oriental roller (<spn>E.
orientalis</spn>), and the Australian roller, or dollar bird
(<spn>E. Pacificus</spn>). The latter is dark brown on the head
and neck, sea green on the back, and bright blue on the throat,
base of the tail, and parts of the wings. It has a silvery-white
spot on the middle of each wing.</note>

<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of small
ground snakes of the family <spn>Tortricid\'91</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Ground roller</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one
of several species of Madagascar rollers belonging to
<spn>Atelornis</spn> and allied genera. They are nocturnal birds,
and feed on the ground.</cd> -- <col>Roller bolt</col>, <cd>the
bar in a carriage to which the traces are attached; a
whiffletree.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Roller
gin</col></mcol>, <cd>a cotton gin inn which rolls are used for
separating the seeds from the fiber.</cd> -- <col>Roller
mill</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Roller
skate</col>, <cd>a skate which has small wheels in the place of
the metallic runner; -- designed for use in skating upon a
smooth, hard surface, other than ice.</cd></cs><-- roller blades,
a type of roller skate -->

<hw>Rol"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr.
<ets>roll</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small wagon used for the
underground work of a mine.</def>

<au>Tomlison.</au>

<hw>Rol"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rollicked <?/</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rollicking</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Corrupt. fr. <ets>frolic</ets>, under the influence of
<ets>roll</ets>.]</ety> <def>To move or play in a careless,
swaggering manner, with a frolicsome air; to frolic; to sport;
commonly in the form <xex>rollicking</xex>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<q>He described his friends as <qex>rollicking</qex> blades.</q>
<qau>T. Hook.</qau>

<hw>Roll"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by rotation;
turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; <as>as, a
<ex>rolling</ex> wheel or ball</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels
or rollers; <as>as, a <ex>rolling</ex> chair</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface;
<as>as, a <ex>rolling</ex> country; <ex>rolling</ex>
land</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Rolling bridge</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Drawbridge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rolling circle of a paddle
wheel</col>, <cd>the circle described by the point whose velocity
equals the velocity of the ship. <au>J. Bourne</au>.</cd> --
<col>Rolling fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a discharge of
firearms by soldiers in line, in quick succession, and in the
order in which they stand.</cd> -- <col>Rolling friction</col>,
<cd>that resistance to motion experienced by one body rolling
upon another which arises from the roughness or other quality of
the surfaces in contact.</cd> -- <col>Rolling mill</col>, <cd>a
mill furnished with heavy rolls, between which heated metal is
passed, to form it into sheets, rails, etc.</cd> -- <col>Rolling
press</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A machine for calendering cloth by
pressure between revolving rollers</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A
printing press with a roller, used in copperplate printing.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>Rolling stock</col>, <or/ <col>Rolling
plant</col></mcol>, <cd>the locomotives and vehicles of a
railway.</cd> -- <col>Rolling tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>tackle used to steady the yards when the ship rolls heavily.
<au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au></cd></cs>

<hw>Roll"ing-pin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
cylindrical piece of wood or other material, with which paste or
dough may be rolled out and reduced to a proper thickness.</def>

<hw>Roll"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place
prepared for rolling logs into a stream.</def>

<hw>Roll"y-po`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
pudding made of paste spread with fruit, rolled into a
cylindrical form, and boiled or steamed.</def> --
<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped like a rolly-poly; short and
stout.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>roly-poly</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Roll"y-pool`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A game in which a ball, rolling into a
certain place, wins.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rouly-pouly</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ro"ly-po`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos>
<def>Rolly-poly.</def>

<hw>Rom"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rummage</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ro*ma"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NGr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>roma\'8bque</ets>. See
<er>Roman</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to modern Greece, and
especially to its language.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The
modern Greek language, now usually called by the Greeks
<altname>Hellenic</altname> or
<altname>Neo-Hellenic</altname>.</def></def2>

<note><hand/ The Greeks at the time of the capture of
Constantinople were proud of being <grk>"Romai^oi</grk>, or
Romans . . . Hence the term <xex>Romaic</xex> was the name given
to the popular language. . . . The Greek language is now spoken
of as the Hellenic language.</note>

<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>

<hw>Ro"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Romanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Roma</ets> Rome: cf. F.
<ets>romain</ets>. Cf. <er>Romaic</er>, <er>Romance</er>,
<er>Romantic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to
Rome, or the Roman people; like or characteristic of Rome, the
Roman people, or things done by Romans; <as>as, <ex>Roman</ex>
fortitude; a <ex>Roman</ex> aqueduct; <ex>Roman</ex>
art</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion;
professing that religion.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Upright; erect;
-- said of the letters or kind of type ordinarily used, as
distinguished from <xex>Italic</xex> characters.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Expressed in letters, not in figures, as I.,
IV., i., iv., etc.; -- said of numerals, as distinguished from
the <xex>Arabic</xex> numerals, 1, 4, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Roman alum</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a cubical
potassium alum formerly obtained in large quantities from Italian
alunite, and highly valued by dyers on account of its freedom
from iron.</cd> -- <col>Roman balance</col>, <cd>a form of
balance nearly resembling the modern steelyard. See the Note
under <er>Balance</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Roman
candle</col>, <cd>a kind of firework (generally held in the
hand), characterized by the continued emission of shower of
sparks, and the ejection, at intervals, of brilliant balls or
stars of fire which are thrown upward as they become
ignited.</cd> -- <col>Roman Catholic</col>, <cd>of, pertaining
to, or the religion of that church of which the pope is the
spiritual head; <as>as, a <ex>Roman Catholic<ex> priest; the
<ex>Roman Catholic<ex> Church</as>.</cd> -- <col>Roman
cement</col>, <cd>a cement having the property of hardening under
water; a species of hydraulic cement.</cd> -- <col>Roman
law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Law</er>.</cd> -- <col>Roman
nose</col>, <cd>a nose somewhat aquiline.</cd> -- <col>Roman
ocher</col>, <cd>a deep, rich orange color, transparent and
durable, used by artists. <au>Ure</au>.</cd> -- <col>Roman
order</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the composite order. See
<er>Composite</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, 2.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro"man</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native, or
permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of Rome, or one upon whom
certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen were
conferred.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; --
in distinction from <xex>Italics</xex>.</def>

<hw>Ro*mance"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>romance</ets>, <ets>romant</ets>, <ets>romaunt</ets>, OF.
<ets>romanz</ets>, <ets>romans</ets>, <ets>romant</ets>,
<ets>roman</ets>, F. <ets>roman</ets>, <ets>romance</ets>, fr.
LL. <ets>Romanice</ets> in the Roman language, in the vulgar
tongue, <it>i. e.</it>, in the vulgar language which sprang from
Latin, the language of the Romans, and hence applied to
fictitious compositions written in this vulgar tongue; fr. L.
<ets>Romanicus</ets> Roman, fr. <ets>Romanus</ets>. See
<er>Roman</er>, and cf. <er>Romanic</er>, <er>Romaunt</er>,
<er>Romansch</er>, <er>Romanza</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
species of fictitious writing, originally composed in meter in
the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose, such as the tales
of the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of Gaul; hence, any
fictitious and wonderful tale; a sort of novel, especially one
which treats of surprising adventures usually befalling a hero or
a heroine; a tale of extravagant adventures, of love, and the
like.</def> \'bd<xex>Romances</xex> that been royal.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Upon these three columns -- chivalry, gallantry, and religion
-- repose the fictions of the Middle Ages, especially those known
as <qex>romances</qex>. These, such as we now know them, and such
as display the characteristics above mentioned, were originally
metrical, and chiefly written by nations of the north of
France.</q>
<qau>Hallam.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An adventure, or series of extraordinary events,
resembling those narrated in romances; <as>as, his courtship, or
his life, was a <ex>romance</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a
disposition to ignore what is real; <as>as, a girl full of
<ex>romance</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The languages, or rather the several dialects,
which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have
now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the
<xex>Romanic languages</xex>).</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short lyric tale set to
music; a song or short instrumental piece in ballad style; a
romanza.</def>

<-- 6. A love affair, esp. one in which the lovers display their
deep affection openly, by romantic gestures.  -->

<syn>Syn. -- Fable; novel; fiction; tale.</syn>

<hw>Ro*mance"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the
language or dialects known as <xex>Romance</xex>.</def>

<hw>Ro*mance"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Romanced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Romancing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories.</def>

<q>A very brave officer, but apt to <qex>romance</qex>.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>

<hw>Ro*man"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
romances.</def>

<hw>Ro*man"cist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
romancer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ro*man"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Romantic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ro`man*esque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>romanesque</ets>; cf. It. <ets>romanesco</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Somewhat resembling the
Roman; -- applied sometimes to the debased style of the later
Roman empire, but esp. to the more developed architecture
prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to romance or fable;
fanciful.</def>

<cs><col>Romanesque style</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>that
which grew up from the attempts of barbarous people to copy Roman
architecture and apply it to their own purposes. This term is
loosely applied to all the styles of Western Europe, from the
fall of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of Gothic
architecture.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro`man*esque"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Romanesque
style.</def>

<hw>Ro*man"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Romanicus</ets>. See <er>Romance</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Rome or its people.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to any or all of the various
languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old
Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish,
Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said
especially of races and nations speaking any of the Romanic
tongues.</def>

<cs><col>Romanic spelling</col>, <cd>spelling by means of the
letters of the Roman alphabet, as in English; -- contrasted with
<xex>phonetic spelling<xex>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro"man*ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to Romanism.</def>

<hw>Ro"man*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The tenets
of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic religion.</def>

<hw>Ro"man*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who adheres to
Romanism.</def>

<hw>Ro"man*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Romanized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Romanizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To Latinize; to fill
with Latin words or idioms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To convert to the Roman Catholic religion.</def>

<hw>Ro"man*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use
Latin words and idioms.</def> \'bdApishly
<xex>Romanizing</xex>.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs,
or modes of speech.</def>

<hw>Ro"man*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
Romanizes.</def>

<hw>Ro*mansch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Grisons
<ets>rumansch</ets>, <ets>rumonsch</ets>, <ets>romonsch</ets>.
See <er>Romance</er>.]</ety> <def>The language of the Grisons in
Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>Romansch</asp>, and <asp>Rumonsch</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ro*mant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
romaunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ro*man"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>romantique</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>romant</ets>. See
<er>Romance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to
romance; involving or resembling romance; hence, fanciful;
marvelous; extravagant; unreal; <as>as, a <ex>romantic</ex> tale;
a <ex>romantic</ex> notion; a <ex>romantic</ex>
undertaking.</as></def>

<q>Can anything in nature be imagined more profane and impious,
more absurd, and undeed <qex>romantic</qex>, than such a
persuasion?</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>Zeal for the good of one's country a party of men have
represented as chimerical and <qex>romantic</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a
romance; <as>as, a <ex>romantic</ex> person; a <ex>romantic</ex>
mind.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian
and popular literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the
classical antique; of the nature of, or appropriate to, that
style; <as>as, the <ex>romantic</ex> school of poets</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characterized by strangeness or variety;
suggestive of adventure; suited to romance; wild; picturesque; --
applied to scenery; <as>as, a <ex>romantic</ex>
landscape</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Sentimental; fanciful; fantastic; fictitious;
extravagant; wild; chimerical. See <er>Sentimental</er>.</syn>

<cs><col>The romantic drama</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Drama</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro*man"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Romantic.</def>

<hw>Ro*man"tic*al*y</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a romantic
manner.</def>

<hw>Ro*man"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. It.
<ets>romanticismo</ets>, F. <ets>romantisme</ets>,
<ets>romanticisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fondness for romantic
characteristics or peculiarities; specifically, in modern
literature, an aiming at romantic effects; -- applied to the
productions of a school of writers who sought to revive certain
medi<?/val forms and methods in opposition to the so-called
classical style.</def>

<q>He [Lessing] may be said to have begun the revolt from
pseudo-classicism in poetry, and to have been thus unconsciously
the founder of <qex>romanticism</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>

<hw>Ro*man"ti*cist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
advocates romanticism in modern literature.</def>

<au>J. R. Seeley.</au>

<hw>Ro*man"tic*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Romantically.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Strype.</au>

<hw>Ro*man"tic*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state or quality of being romantic; widness; fancifulness.</def>

<au>Richardson.</au>

<hw>Rom"a*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gypsy
<ets>romano</ets>, <ets>romani</ets>, adj., gypsy; cf.
<ets>rom</ets> husband.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A gypsy.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language spoken among themselves by the
gypsies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Rommany</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>\'d8Ro*man"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>See <er>Romance</er>,<er>5</er>.</def>

<hw>Ro*maunt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Romance</er>.]</ety> <def>A romantic story in verse; <as>as,
the \'bd<ex>Romaunt</ex> of the Rose</as>.\'b8</def>

<q>O, hearken, loving hearts and bold,
Unto my wild <qex>romaunt</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>

<hw>Rom"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.& n.</pos>
<def>Rumble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rom*bow"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Old, condemned canvas,
rope, etc., unfit for use except in chafing gear.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>rumbowline</asp>.]</altsp>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ro"me*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ro"me*ite</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rom\'82ine</ets>. So calledafter the French mineralogist
<ets>Rom\'82</ets> L'Isle.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A
mineral of a hyacinth or honey-yellow color, occuring in square
octahedrons. It is an antimonate of calcium.</def>

<hw>Rome"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Rummer</er>.]</ety> <def>A drinking cup.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>romkin</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rome" pen`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Rome"
scot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <def>See <cref>Peter
pence</cref>, under <er>Peter</er>.</def>

<hw>Rome"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward
Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<hw>Rome"ward</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending or directed toward
Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<q>To analyze the crisis in its Anglican rather than in its
<qex>Romeward</qex> aspect.</q>
<qau>Gladstone.</qau>

<hw>Rom"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A method of
notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by Mr. Sweet; -- so
called because it is based on the common <xex>Roman</xex>-letter
alphabet. It is like the pal\'91otype of Mr. Ellis in the general
plan, but simpler.</def>

<hw>Rom"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging or
relating to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic Church; -- frequently
used in a disparaging sense; <as>as, the <ex>Romish</ex> church;
the <ex>Romish</ex> religion, ritual, or
ceremonies</ex>.</as></def>

<hw>Rom"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Roman Catholic.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>South.</au>

<hw>Romp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Romped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Romping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A
variant of <ets>ramp</ets>. See <er>Ramp</er> to leap,
<er>Rampallian</er>.]</ety> <def>To play rudely and boisterously;
to leap and frisk about in play.</def>

<hw>Romp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A girl who indulges
in boisterous play.</def>

<-- p. 1250 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough
sport.</def>

<q>While <qex>romp</qex>-loving miss
Is hauled about in gallantry robust.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>

<hw>Romp"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to
romp; indulging in romps.</def>

<q>A little <qex>romping</qex> girl from boarding school.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>

<hw>Romp"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a romping
manner.</def>

<hw>Romp"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to rude play;
inclined to romp.</def>

--- <wordforms><wf>Romp"ish</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Romp"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rom"pu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rompu</ets>, p. p. of <ets>rompre</ets> to breeak, L.
<ets>rumpere</ets>. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Broken, as an ordinary; cut off, or broken
at the top, as a chevron, a bend, or the like.</def>

<hw>Ron`ca*dor"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., a
snorer, fr. <ets>roncar</ets> to snore. So called in allusion to
the grunting noise made by them on being taken from the water.
]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of
California sci\'91noid food fishes, especially <spn>Roncador
Stearnsi</spn>, which is an excellent market fish, and the red
roncador (<spn>Corvina, <or/ Johnius, saturna</spn>).</def>

<hw>Ron"chil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.
<ets>ronquillo</ets> slightly hoarse.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American marine food fish
(<spn>Bathymaster signatus</spn>) of the North Pacific coast,
allied to the tilefish.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>ronquil</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ron"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>ronco</ets> hoarse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Croaker</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2. <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<mark>[Texas]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ron`dache"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor.)</fld> <def>A circular shield
carried by foot soldiers.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ronde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A kind of script in which the heavy
strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken
together a round look.</def>

<hw>Ron*deau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Roundel</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rondo</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A species of lyric
poetry so composed as to contain a refrain or repetition which
recurs according to a fixed law, and a limited number of rhymes
recurring also by rule.</def>

<note><hand/ When the <xex>rondeau</xex> was called the
<xex>rondel</xex> it was mostly written in fourteen octosyllabic
lines of two rhymes, as in the <xex>rondels</xex> of Charles
d'Orleans. . . . In the 17th century the approved form of the
<xex>rondeau</xex> was a structure of thirteen verses with a
refrain.</note>

<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Rondo</er>,<er>1</er>.</def>

<hw>Ron"del</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rondeau</er>, <er>Roundel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A small round tower erected at the foot
of a bastion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[F.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as
<er>Rondeau</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Specifically, a
particular form of rondeau containing fourteen lines in two
rhymes, the refrain being a repetition of the first and second
lines as the seventh and eighth, and again as the thirteenth and
fourteenth.</def>

<au>E. W. Gosse.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ron`de*le"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
So named after William <ets>Rondelet</ets>, a French
naturalist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tropical genus of
rubiaceous shrubs which often have brilliant flowers.</def>

<hw>Ron"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rondel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rondeau.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A round mass, plate, or disk; especially
<fld>(Metal.)</fld>, the crust or scale which forms upon the
surface of molten metal in the crucible.</def>

<hw>Ron"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>rond\'95</ets>, fr. F. <ets>rondeau</ets>. See
<er>Rondeau</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A
composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively,
cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each
of the other strains.</def> \'bdThe <xex>Rondo</xex>-form was the
earliest and most frequent definite mold for musical
construction.\'b8

<au>Grove.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Poetry)</fld> <def>See <er>Rondeau</er>,
1.</def>

<hw>Ron"dure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rondeur</ets> roundness.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A round; a
circle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Roundness; plumpness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>High-kirtled for the chase, and what was shown
Of maiden <qex>rondure</qex>, like the rose half-blown.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>

<hw>Rong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> of <er>Ring</er>.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rong</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rung (of a ladder).</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ron`geur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>ronger</ets> to gnaw.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An
instrument for removing small rough portions of bone.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ron"ion</hw>, <hw>Ron"yon</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rogne</ets> scab, mange.]</ety>
<def>A mangy or scabby creature.</def>

<q>\'bdAroint thee, with!\'b8 the rump-fed <qex>ronyon</qex>
cries.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Ron"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. imp.
pl.</pos></def>, and <hw>Ron"nen</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,
<def><pos>obs. p. p.</pos> of <er>Renne</er>, to run.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ront</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Runt</er>.]</ety> <def>A runt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r</ets><?/d a cross; akin to OS. <ets>r<?/da</ets>, D.
<ets>roede</ets> rod, G. <ets>ruthe</ets>, <ets>rute</ets>, OHG.
<ets>ruota</ets>. CF. <er>Rod</er> a measure.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross
with Christ hanging on it.</def>

<note><hand/ Generally, the Trinity is represented, the Father as
an elderly man fully clothed, with a nimbus around his head, and
holding the cross on which the Son is represented as crucified,
the Holy Spirit descending in the form of a dove near the Son's
head. Figures of the Virgin Mary and of St. John are often placed
near the principal figures.</note>

<q>Savior, in thine image seen
Bleeding on that precious <qex>rood</qex>.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A measure of five and a half yards in length; a
red; a perch; a pole.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The fourth part of an acre, or forty square
rods.</def>

<cs><col>By the rood</col>, <cd>by the cross; -- a phrase
formerly used in swearing. \'bdNo, <xex>by the road<xex>, not
so.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Rood beam</col>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a beam across the chancel of a church,
supporting the road.</cd> -- <col>Rood loft</col>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a loft or gallery, in a church, on which
the rood and its appendagess were set up to view.
<au>Gwilt</au>.</cd> -- <col>Rood screen</col>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a screen, between the choir and the body
of the church, over which the rood was placed.
<au>Fairholt</au>.</cd> -- <col>Rood tower</col>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a tower at the intersection of the nave
and transept of a church; -- when crowned with a spire it was
called also <stype>rood steeple</stype>. <au>Weale</au>.</cd> --
<col>Rood tree</col>, <cd>the cross. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdDied
upon the <xex>rood tree<xex>.\'b8 <au>Gower</au>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roo"de*bok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>rood</ets> red + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pallah.</def>

<hw>Rood"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rank in
growth.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Roof</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rof</ets>, AS. <ets>hr<?/f</ets> top, roof; akin to D.
<ets>roef</ets> cabin, Icel. <ets>hr<?/f</ets> a shed under which
ships are built or kept; cf. OS. <ets>hr<?/st</ets> roof, Goth.
<ets>hr<?/t</ets>. Cf. <er>Roost</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The cover of any building, including the
roofing (see <er>Roofing</er>) and all the materials and
construction necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the
walls or other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted
ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the vault
the <xex>roof</xex>, and the outer protection the <xex>roof
mask</xex>. It is better, however, to consider the vault as the
ceiling only, in cases where it has farther covering.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which resembles, or corresponds to, the
covering or the ceiling of a house; <as>as, the <ex>roof</ex> of
a cavern; the <ex>roof</ex> of the mouth.</as></def>

<q>The flowery <qex>roof</qex>
Showered roses, which the morn repaired.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>The surface or bed of rock
immediately overlying a bed of coal or a flat vein.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bell roof</col>, <col>French roof</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> See under <er>Bell</er>,
<er>French</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Flat roof</col>.
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A roof actually horizontal
and level, as in some Oriental buildings</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A
roof nearly horizontal, constructed of such material as allows
the water to run off freely from a very slight inclination.</cd>
-- <col>Roof plate</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Plate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 10.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roof</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Roofed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Roofing</er>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with a roof.</def>

<q>I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings that have
not been <qex>roofed</qex> with vaults or arches.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inclose in a house; figuratively, to
shelter.</def>

<q>Here had we now our country's honor <qex>roofed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Roof"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who puts on
roofs.</def>

<hw>Roof"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
covering with a roof.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The materials of which a roof is composed;
materials for a roof.</def>

<au>Gwilt.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, the roof itself; figuratively,
shelter.</def> \'bdFit <xex>roofing</xex> gave.\'b8

<au>Southey.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The wedging, as of a horse
or car, against the top of an underground passage.</def>

<au>Raymond.</au>

<hw>Roof"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no
roof; <as>as, a <ex>roofless</ex> house</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having no house or home; shelterless;
homeless.</def>

<hw>Roof"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small roof,
covering, or shelter.</def>

<hw>Roof"tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The beam in
the angle of a roof; hence, the roof itself.</def>

<q>Now for me the woods may wither, now for me the
<qex>rooftree</qex> fall.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<hw>Roof`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
roofs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Rook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Mist; fog. See
<er>Roke</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rook</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To squat; to ruck.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rook</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>roc</ets> (cf. Sp.
<ets>roque</ets>), fr. Per. & Ar. <ets>rokh</ets>, or
<ets>rukh</ets>, the rook or castle at chess, also the bird
<ets>roc</ets> (in this sense pehaps a different word); cf. Hind.
<ets>rath</ets> a war chariot, the castle at chess, Skr.
<ets>ratha</ets> a car, a war car. Cf. <er>Roll</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>One of the four pieces placed on the
corner squares of the board; a castle.</def>

<hw>Rook</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr<?/c</ets>; akin to
OHG. <ets>hruoh</ets>, <ets>ruoh</ets>, <ets>ruoho</ets>, Icel.
<ets>hr<?/kr</ets>, Sw. <ets>roka</ets>, Dan. raage; cf. Goth.
<ets>hrukjan</ets> to crow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bird (<spn>Corvus
frugilegus</spn>) resembling the crow, but smaller. It is black,
with purple and violet reflections. The base of the beak and the
region around it are covered with a rough, scabrous skin, which
in old birds is whitish. It is gregarious in its habits. The name
is also applied to related Asiatic species.</def>

<q><qex>The rook</qex> . . . should be treated as the farmer's
friend.</q>
<qau>Pennant.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trickish, rapacious fellow; a cheat; a
sharper.</def>

<au>Wycherley.</au>

<hw>Rook</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rooked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rooking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cheat; to defraud by
cheating.</def> \'bdA band of <xex>rooking</xex> officials.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<hw>Rook"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rookeries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
breeding place of a colony of rooks; also, the birds
themselves.</def>

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A breeding place of other gregarious birds, as
of herons, penguins, etc.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The breeding ground of seals, esp. of the fur
seals.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A dilapidated building with many rooms and
occupants; a cluster of dilapidated or mean buildings.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A brothel.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<hw>Rook"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Roky</er>.]</ety> <def>Misty; gloomy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Light thickens, and the crow
Makes wing to the <qex>rooky</qex> wood.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<note><hand/ Some make this Shakespearean word mean \'bdabounding
in rooks.\'b8</note>

<hw>Room</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>roum</ets>, <ets>rum</ets>, space, AS. <ets>r<umac/m</ets>;
akin to OS., OFries. & Icel. <ets>r<umac/m</ets>, D.
<ets>ruim</ets>, G. <ets>raum</ets>, OHG. <ets>r<umac/m</ets>,
Sw. & Dan. <ets>rum</ets>, Goth. <ets>r<umac/ms</ets>, and to AS.
<ets>r<umac/m</ets>, adj., spacious, D. <ets>ruim</ets>, Icel.
<ets>r<umac/mr</ets>, Goth. <ets>r<umac/ms</ets>; and prob. to L.
<ets>rus</ets> country (cf. <er>Rural</er>), Zend
<ets>rava<ndot/h</ets> wide, free, open, <ets>ravan</ets> a
plain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Unobstructed spase; space which
may be occupied by or devoted to any object; compass; extent of
place, great or small; <as>as, there is not <ex>room</ex> for a
house; the table takes up too much <ex>room</ex>.</as></def>

<q>Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is
<qex>room</qex>.</q>
<qau>Luke xiv. 22.</qau>

<q>There was no <qex>room</qex> for them in the inn.</q>
<qau>Luke ii. 7.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A particular portion of space appropriated for
occupancy; a place to sit, stand, or lie; a seat.</def>

<q>If he have but twelve pence in his purse, he will give it for
the best <qex>room</qex> in a playhouse.</q>
<qau>Overbury.</qau>

<q>When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in
the highest <qex>room</qex>.</q>
<qau>Luke xiv. 8.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Especially, space in a building or ship inclosed
or set apart by a partition; an apartment or chamber.</def>

<q>I found the prince in the next <qex>room</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Place or position in society; office; rank;
post; station; also, a place or station once belonging to, or
occupied by, another, and vacated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>When he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the
<qex>room</qex> of his father Herod.</q>
<qau>Matt. ii. 22.</qau>

<q>Neither that I look for a higher <qex>room</qex> in
heaven.</q>
<qau>Tyndale.</qau>

<q>Let Bianca take her sister's <qex>room</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Possibility of admission; ability to admit;
opportunity to act; fit occasion; <as>as, to leave <ex>room</ex>
for hope</as>.</def>

<q>There was no prince in the empire who had <qex>room</qex> for
such an alliance.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<cs><col>Room and space</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the
distance from one side of a rib to the corresponding side of the
next rib; <xex>space<xex> being the distance between two ribs, in
the clear, and <xex>room<xex> the width of a rib.</cd> -- <col>To
give room</col>, <cd>to withdraw; to leave or provide space
unoccupied for others to pass or to be seated.</cd> -- <col>To
make room</col>, <cd>to open a space, way, or passage; to remove
obstructions; to give room.</cd></cs>

<q><qex>Make room</qex>, and let him stand before our face.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Space; compass; scope; latitude.</syn>

<hw>Room</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Roomed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rooming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To
occupy a room or rooms; to lodge; <as>as, they arranged to
<ex>room</ex> together</as>.</def>

<hw>Room</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r<umac/m</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spacious; roomy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>No <qex>roomer</qex> harbour in the place.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Room"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Room</er>. CF. <er>Rummage</er>.]</ety> <def>Space; place;
room.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<hw>Room"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lodger.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hw>Room"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Room</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>At a greater distance;
farther off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir J. Harrington.</au>

<hw>Room"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding with
room or rooms; roomy.</def> \'bdA <xex>roomful</xex> house.\'b8
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Donne.</au>

<hw>Room"ful</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Roomfuls</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>As much or many as a room will hold;
<as>as, a <ex>roomful</ex> of men</as>.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Room"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Spaciously.</def>

<hw>Room"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being roomy; spaciousness; <as>as, the <ex>roominess</ex> of a
hall</as>.</def>

<hw>Room"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without room or
rooms.</def>

<au>Udall.</au>

<hw>Room"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of twe
or more occupying the same room or rooms; one who shares the
occupancy of a room or rooms; a chum.</def>

<hw>Room"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Roomy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Evelyn.</au>

<hw>Roomth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Room;
space.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Roomth"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Roomy;
spacious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller.</au>

<hw>Room"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having ample
room; spacious; large; <as>as, a <ex>roomy</ex> mansion; a
<ex>roomy</ex> deck.</as></def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Roon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Vermilion
red; red.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Her face was like the lily <qex>roon</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. R. Drake.</qau>

<hw>Roop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Roup</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<mhw>{ <hw>Roor"back</hw>, <hw>Roor"bach</hw>  }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A defamatory forgery or
falsehood published for purposes of political intrigue.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<note><hand/ The word originated in the election canvass of 1844,
when such a forgery was published, to the detriment of James K.
Polk, a candidate for President, purporting to be an extract from
the \'bdTravels of Baron <xex>Roorbach</xex>.\'b8</note>

<hw>Roo"sa oil`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The East Indian name for
grass oil. See under <er>Grass</er>.</def>

<hw>Roost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Roast.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Roost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Roust</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>

<hw>Roost</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr\'d3st</ets>; akin
to OD. <ets>roest</ets> roost, <ets>roesten</ets> to roost, and
probably to E. <ets>roof</ets>. Cf. <er>Roof</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The pole or other support on which fowls rest at
night; a perch.</def>

<q>He clapped his wings upon his <qex>roost</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of fowls roosting together.</def>

<cs><col>At roost</col>, <cd>on a perch or roost; hence, retired
to rest.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roost</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Roosted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Roosting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sit, rest, or
sleep, as fowls on a pole, limb of a tree, etc.; to perch.</def>

<au>Wordsworth.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.; To lodge; to rest; to sleep.</def>

<q>O, let me where thy roof my soul hath hid,
O, let me <qex>roost</qex> and nestle there.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>

<hw>Roost"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The male of
the domestic fowl; a cock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<hw>Roost"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The male of
the domestic fowl; a cock.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<q>Nor, when they [the Skinners and Cow Boys] wrung the neck of a
<qex>rooster</qex>, did they trouble their heads whether he
crowed for Congress or King George.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>

<hw>Root</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>wr\'d3tan</ets>; akin to <ets>wr\'d3t</ets> a snout, trunk,
D. <ets>wroeten</ets> to root, G. <ets>r\'81ssel</ets> snout,
trunk, proboscis, Icel. <ets>r\'d3ta</ets> to root, and perhaps
to L. <ets>rodere</ets> to gnaw (E. <ets>rodent</ets>) or to E.
<ets>root</ets>, n.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn up the earth
with the snout, as swine.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to seek for favor or advancement by low
arts or groveling servility; to fawn servilely.</def>

<hw>Root</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To turn up or to dig out
with the snout; <as>as, the swine <ex>roots</ex> the
earth</as>.</def>

<hw>Root</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>r\'d3t</ets> (for
<ets>vr\'d3t</ets>); akin to E. <ets>wort</ets>, and perhaps to
<ets>root</ets> to turn up the earth. See <er>Wort</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The underground
portion of a plant, whether a true root or a tuber, a bulb or
rootstock, as in the potato, the onion, or the sweet flag.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The descending, and commonly branching, axis of
a plant, increasing in length by growth at its extremity only,
not divided into joints, leafless and without buds, and having
for its offices to fix the plant in the earth, to supply it with
moisture and soluble matters, and sometimes to serve as a
reservoir of nutriment for future growth. A true root, however,
may never reach the ground, but may be attached to a wall, etc.,
as in the ivy, or may hang loosely in the air, as in some
epiphytic orchids.</def>

<-- p. 1251 -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An edible or esculent root, especially of such
plants as produce a single root, as the beet, carrot, etc.;
<as>as, the <ex>root</ex> crop</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which resembles a root in position or
function, esp. as a source of nourishment or support; that from
which anything proceeds as if by growth or development; <as>as,
the <ex>root</ex> of a tooth, a nail, a cancer, and the
like</as>.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ancestor or
progenitor; and hence, an early race; a stem.</def>

<q>They were the <qex>roots</qex> out of which sprang two
distinct people.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A primitive form of speech; one of the earliest
terms employed in language; a word from which other words are
formed; a radix, or radical</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The cause or
occasion by which anything is brought about; the source</def>.
\'bdShe herself . . . is <xex>root</xex> of bounty.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>The love of money is a <qex>root</qex> of all kinds of
evil.</q>
<qau>1 Tim. vi. 10 (rev. Ver. )</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That factor of a quantity
which when multiplied into itself will produce that quantity;
<as>thus, 3 is a <ex>root</ex> of 9, because 3 multiplied into
itself produces 9; 3 is the cube <ex>root</ex> of 27</as>.</def>
<sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The fundamental tone of any
chord; the tone from whose harmonics, or overtones, a chord is
composed</def>.

<au>Busby.</au>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>The lowest place, position, or part</def>.
\'bdDeep to the <xex>roots</xex> of hell.\'b8 <au>Milton.</au> 
\'bdThe <xex>roots</xex> of the mountains.\'b8 <au>Southey.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The time which to reckon in
making calculations.</def>

<q>When a <qex>root</qex> is of a birth yknowe [known].</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<cs><col>A\'89rial roots</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Small roots emitted from the stem of a plant in the open air,
which, attaching themselves to the bark of trees, etc., serve to
support the plant.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Large roots growing from
the stem, etc., which descend and establish themselves in the
soil. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Mangrove</er>.</cd> --
<col>Multiple primary root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name
given to the numerous roots emitted from the radicle in many
plants, as the squash.</cd> -- <col>Primary root</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the central, first-formed, main root, from
which the rootlets are given off.</cd> -- <col>Root and
branch</col>, <cd>every part; wholly; completely; <as>as, to
destroy an error <ex>root and branch<ex></as>.</cd> --
<col>Root-and-branch men</col>, <cd>radical reformers; -- a
designation applied to the English Independents (1641). See
Citation under <er>Radical</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> --
<col>Root barnacle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the
Rhizocephala.</cd> -- <col>Root hair</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>one of the slender, hairlike fibers found on the surface of
fresh roots. They are prolongations of the superficial cells of
the root into minute tubes.</cd> <au>Gray.</au> -- <col>Root
leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a radical leaf.</cd> See
<er>Radical</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>. -- <col>Root
louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any plant louse, or aphid,
which lives on the roots of plants, as the Phylloxera of the
grapevine.</cd> See <er>Phylloxera</er>. -- <col>Root of an
equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>that value which,
substituted for the unknown quantity in an equation, satisfies
the equation.</cd> -- <col>Root of a nail</col> <sd>(Anat.)</sd>,
<cd>the part of a nail which is covered by the skin.</cd> --
<col>Root of a tooth</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a
tooth contained in the socket and consisting of one or more
fangs.</cd> -- <col>Secondary roots</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>roots emitted from any part of the plant above the
radicle.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To strike root</col>, <col>To take
root</col></mcol>, <cd>to send forth roots; to become fixed in
the earth, etc., by a root; hence, in general, to become planted,
fixed, or established; to increase and spread; as, an opinion
<xex>takes root</xex>.</cd>  \'bdThe bended twigs <xex>take
root</xex>.\'b8 <au>Milton.</au></cs>

<hw>Root</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rooted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Rooting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots; to take root and
begin to grow.</def>

<q>In deep grounds the weeds <qex>root</qex> deeper.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be firmly fixed; to be established.</def>

<q>If any irregularity chanced to intervene and to cause
misappehensions, he gave them not leave to <qex>root</qex> and
fasten by concealment.</q>
<qau>Bp. Fell.</qau>

<hw>Root</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To plant and fix
deeply in the earth, or as in the earth; to implant firmly;
hence, to make deep or radical; to establish; -- used chiefly in
the participle; <as>as, <ex>rooted</ex> trees or forests;
<ex>rooted</ex> dislike.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tear up by the root; to eradicate; to
extirpate; -- with <xex>up</xex>, <xex>out</xex>, or
<xex>away</xex>.</def> \'bdI will go <xex>root</xex> away the
noisome weeds.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>The Lord <qex>rooted</qex> them out of their land . . . and
cast them into another land.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxix. 28.</qau>

<hw>Root"cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A mass of parenchym<?/tous cells which covers and protects
the growing cells at the end of a root; a pileorhiza.</def>

<hw>Root"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having taken root; firmly
implanted; fixed in the heart.</def> \'bdA <xex>rooted</xex>
sorrow.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Root"*ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Root"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rooter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that
which, roots; one that tears up by the roots.</def>

<hw>Root"er*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pile of roots, set with
plants, mosses, etc., and used as an ornamental object in
gardening.</def>

<hw>Root"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of roots.</def>

<hw>Rot"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A radicle; a
little root.</def>

<hw>Root"stock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial underground stem, producing
leafly s<?/ems or flower stems from year to year; a
rhizome.</def>

<hw>Root"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of roots;
<as>as, <ex>rooty</ex> ground</as>.</def>

<hw>Ro*pal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rhopalic</er>.</def>

<hw>Rope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r\'bep</ets>; akin to D. <ets>reep</ets>, G. <ets>reif</ets>
ring hoop, Icel. <ets>reip</ets> rope, Sw. <ets>rep</ets>, Dan.
<ets>reb</ets>, <ets>reeb</ets> Goth. skauda<ets>raip</ets>
latchet.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A large, stout cord, usually one
not less than an inch in circumference, made of strands twisted
or braided together. It differs from <xex>cord</xex>,
<xex>line</xex>, and <xex>string</xex>, only in its size. See
<er>Cordage</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A row or string consisting of a number of things
united, as by braiding, twining, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>rope</ex> of
onions</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The small intestines; <as>as,
the <ex>ropes</ex> of birds</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Rope ladder</col>, <cd>a ladder made of ropes.</cd> --
<col>Rope mat</col>., <cd>a mat made of cordage, or strands of
old rope.</cd> -- <col>Rope of sand</col>, <cd>something of no
cohession or fiber; a feeble union or tie; something not to be
relied upon.</cd> -- <col>Rope pump</col>, <cd>a pump in which a
rapidly running endless rope raises water by the momentum
communicated to the water by its adhesion to the rope.</cd> --
<col>Rope transmission</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a method of
transmitting power, as between distant places, by means of
endless ropes running over grooved pulleys.</cd> -- <col>Rope's
end</col>, <cd>a piece of rope; especially, one used as a lash in
inflicting punishment.</cd> -- <col>To give one rope</col>,
<cd>to give one liberty or license; to let one go at will
uncheked.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Roped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Roping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To
be formed into rope; to draw out or extend into a filament or
thread, as by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality.</def>

<q>Let us not hang like <qex>roping</qex>icicles
Upon our houses' thatch.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rope</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bind, fasten,
or tie with a rope or cord; <as>as, to <ex>rope</ex> a bale of
goods</as>.</def> Hence: --

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To connect or fasten together, as a party of
mountain climbers, with a rope.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To partition, separate, or divide off, by means
of a rope, so as to include or exclude something; <as>as, to
<ex>rope in</ex>, <ex>or rope</ex> off, a plot of ground; to
<ex>rope</ex> out a crowd</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To lasso (a steer, horse).</def> <mark>[Colloq.
U.S.]</mark>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To draw, as with a rope; to entice; to inveigle;
to decoy; <as>as, to <ex>rope in customers or
voters</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To prevent from winning (as a horse), by pulling
or curbing.</def> <mark>[Racing Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Rope"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small piece of spun yarn or marline,
used to fasten the head of the sail to the spar.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>roband</asp>, and
<asp>robbin</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rope"dan`cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
dances, walks, or performs acrobatic feats, on a rope extended
through the air at some height.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rope"dan`cing</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
maker of ropes.</def>

<au>P. Plowman.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who ropes goods; a packer.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One fit to be hanged.</def> <mark>[Old
Slang]</mark>

<au>Douce.</au>

<hw>Rop"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
place where ropes are made.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tricks deserving the halter; roguery.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSaucy merchant . . . so full of his
<xex>ropery</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rope's"-end`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
punish with a rope's end.</def>

<hw>Rope"walk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A long,
covered walk, or a low, level building, where ropes are
manufactured.</def>

<hw>Rope"walk`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
ropedancer.</def>

<hw>Rope"-yarn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>the yarn or
thread of any stuff of which the strands of a rope are
made.</def>

<hw>Rop"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ropy
manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner.</def>

<hw>Rop"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being ropy;
viscosity.</def>

<hw>Rop"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat ropy.</def>

<hw>Rop"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>capable of being
drawn into a thread, as a glutinous substance; stringy; viscous;
tenacious; glutinous; <as>as <ex>ropy</ex> sirup; <ex>ropy</ex>
lees</as>.</def>

<hw>Roq"ue*laure</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.;
so called after Duc de <ets>Roquelaure</ets>, in the reign of
Louis XIV.]</ety> <def>A cloak reaching about to, or just below,
the knees, worn in the 18th century.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>roquelo</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Ro*quet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain]</ety> <fld>(Croquet)</fld> <def>To hit, as another's
ball, with one's own ball.</def>

<hw>Ro*quet"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hit another's ball
with one's own.</def>

<hw>Ro"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>, dew.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to dew; consisting of dew; dewy.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>M. Green.</au>

<hw>Ro*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>roratio</ets>, fr.  <ets>rorare</ets> to drop dew, fr.
<ets>ros</ets> dew.]</ety> <def>A falling of dew.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ro"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>, dew.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to dew; resembling dew; dewy.</def>

<cs><col>Roric figures</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>figures
which appear upon a polished surface, as glass, when objects
which have been near to, or in contact with, the surface are
removed and the surface breathed upon; -- called also
<altname>Moser's images</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>roridus</ets>, fr. <ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>,
dew.]</ety> <def>Dewy; bedewed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>T. Granger.</au>

<hw>Ro*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rorifer</ets>; <ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>, dew +
<ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>rorif\'8are</ets>.]</ety>
<def>generating or producing dew.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ro*rif"lu*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>, dew + <ets>fluens</ets>, p.pr.
of <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing with dew.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ror"qual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Norw.
<ets>rorqualus</ets> a whale with folds.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large North Atlantic whalebone
whale (<spn>Physalus antiquorum</spn>, or <spn>Bal\'91noptera
physalus</spn>). It has a dorsal fin, and strong longitudinal
folds on the throat and belly. Called also
<altname>razorback</altname>.</def>

<note><hand/ It is one of the largest of the whales, somethimes
becoming nearly one hundred feet long, but it is more slender
than the right whales, and is noted for its swiftness. The name
is sometimes applied to other related species of finback
whales.</note>

<hw>Ro"ru*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rorulentus</ets>, from <ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>,
dew.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of, or abounding in, dew.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the surface
appearing as if dusty, or covered with fine dew.</def>

<hw>Ro"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>, dew.]</ety> <def>Dewy.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>And shook his wings with <qex>rory</qex> May-dew wet.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>

<hw>Ro*sa"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rosaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>rosa</ets> rose.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural
order of plants (<spn>Rosace\'91</spn>) of which the rose is the
type. It includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet,
brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears, service
tress, and quinces.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Like a rose in shape
or appearance; <as>as, a <ex>rosaceous</ex> corolla</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of a pure purpish pink color.</def>

<hw>Ro*sac"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rosaceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old med. Chem.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also
<xex>lithic acid</xex>) found in certain red precipitates of
urine. See <er>Uric</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ro*sal"gar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>realgar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>chaucer.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ro*sa"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rosalie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A form of
melody in which a phrase or passage is successively repeated,
each time a step or half step higher; a melodic sequence.</def>

<hw>Ros*an"i*line</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rose</ets> + <ets>aniline</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous base,
<chform>C20H21N3O</chform>, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of
aniline and toluidine, as a colorless crystalline substance which
forms red salts. These salts are essential components of many of
the socalled aniline dyes, as <xex>fuchsine</xex>, <xex>aniline
red</xex>, etc. By extension, any one of the series of substances
derived from, or related to, rosaniline proper.</def>

<hw>Ro*sa"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
cultivator of roses.</def>

<hw>Ro"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rosaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL.
<ets>rosarium</ets> a string of beads, L. <ets>rosarium</ets> a
place planted with roses, <ets>rosa</ets> a rose: cf. F.
<ets>rosaire</ets>. See <er>Rose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
bed of roses, or place where roses grow.</def> \'bdThick
<xex>rosaries</xex> of scented thorn.\'b8

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A series of prayers (see
Note below) arranged to be recited in order, on beads; also, a
string of beads by which the prayers are counted.</def>

<q>His idolized book, and the whole <qex>rosary</qex> of his
prayers.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<note><hand/ A <xex>rosary</xex> consists of fifteen decades.
Each decade contains ten <xex>Ave Marias</xex> marked by small
beads, preceded by a <xex>Paternoster</xex>, marked by a larger
bead, and concluded by a <xex>Gloria Patri</xex>. Five decades
make a <xex>chaplet</xex>, a third part of the rosary.</note>

<au>Bp. Fitzpatrick.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection,
as of beautiful thoughts or of literary selections.</def>

<q>Every day propound to yourself a <qex>rosary</qex> or chaplet
of good works to present to God at night.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A coin bearing the figure of a rose,
fraudulently circulated in Ireland in the 13th century for a
penny.</def>

<cs><col>Rosary shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any marine
gastropod shell of the genus <spn>Monodonta</spn>. They are
top-shaped, bright-colored and pearly.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ros"cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>roscidus</ets>, fr. <ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>,
dew.]</ety> <def>Containing, or consisting of, dew; dewy.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Ros"coe*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From an
English chemist, H.E. <ets>Roscoe</ets> +
<ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A green micaceous
mineral occurring in minute scales. It is essentially a silicate
of aluminia and potash containing vanadium.</def>

<hw>Rose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Rise</er>.</def>

<hw>Rose</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>rose</ets>, L.
<ets>rosa</ets>, probably akin to Gr. <?/, Armor.
<ets>vard</ets>, OPer. <ets>vareda</ets>; and perhaps to E.
<ets>wort</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rose</ets>, from the Latin. Cf.
<er>Copperas</er>, <er>Rhododendron</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A flower and shrub of any species of the genus
<spn>Rosa</spn>, of which there are many species, mostly found in
the morthern hemispere</def>

<note><hand/ Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually
prickly stems. The flowers are large, and in the wild state have
five petals of a color varying from deep pink to white, or
sometimes yellow. By cultivation and hybridizing the number of
petals is greatly increased and the natural perfume enhanced. In
this way many distinct classes of roses have been formed, as the
<xex>Banksia</xex>, <xex>Baurbon</xex>, <xex>Boursalt</xex>,
<xex>China</xex>, <xex>Noisette</xex>, <xex>hybrid
perpetual</xex>, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly
every class.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose
knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe.</def>

<au>Sha.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rose window. See <cref>Rose
window</cref>, below.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc.,
for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer
at the foot of a pump.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The erysipelas.</def>

<au>Dunglison.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>The card of the mariner's compass; also, a
circular card with radiating lines, used in other
instruments.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>The color of a rose; rose-red; pink.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>A diamond. See <cref>Rose diamond</cref>,
below.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Cabbage rose</col>, <col>China rose</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc. See under <er>Cabbage</er>, <er>China</er>, etc.</cd> --
<col>Corn rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Corn
poppy</cref>, under <er>Corn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Infantile
rose</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of roseola.</cd> --
<col>Jamaica rose</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Jamaica</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rose acacia</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low American leguminous shrub
(<spn>Robinia hispida</spn>) with handsome clusters of
rose-colored blossoms.</cd> -- <col>Rose aniline</col>.
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rosaniline</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rose apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of the
tropical myrtaceous tree <spn>Eugenia Jambos</spn>. It is an
edible berry an inch or more in diameter, and is said to have a
very strong roselike perfume.</cd> -- <col>Rose beetle</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small yellowish or buff
longlegged beetle (<spn>Macrodactylus subspinosus</spn>), which
eats the leaves of various plants, and is often very injurious to
rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, etc. Called also
<altname>rose bug</altname>, and <altname>rose
chafer</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The European chafer.</cd>
-- <col>Rose bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>same as
<cref>Rose beetle</cref>, <cref>Rose chafer</cref>.</cd> --
<col>Rose burner</col>, <cd>a kind of gas-burner producing a
rose-shaped flame.</cd> -- <col>Rose camphor</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a solid odorless substance which
separates from rose oil.</cd> -- <col>Rose campion</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Campion</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rose catarrh</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>rose cold.</cd> --
<col>Rose chafer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
common European beetle (<spn>Cetonia aurata</spn>) which is often
very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also <altname>rose
beetle</altname>, and <altname>rose fly</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd>
The rose beetle <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Rose cold</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of hay fever, sometimes
attributed to the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See
<cref>Hay fever</cref>, under <er>Hay</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rose
color</col>, <cd>the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful
hue or appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or
promise.</cd> <-- p. 1252 --> -- <mcol><col>Rose de
Pompadour</col>, <col>Rose du Barry</col></mcol>, <cd>names
succesively given to a delicate rose color used on S\'8avres
porcelain.</cd> -- <col>Rose diamond</col>, <cd>a diamond, one
side of which is flat, and the other cut into twenty-four
triangular facets in two ranges which form a convex face pointed
at the top. Cf. <er>Brilliant</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> --
<col>Rose ear</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ear</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rose elder</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
Guelder-rose.</cd> -- <col>Rose engine</col>, <cd>a machine, or
an appendage to a turning lathe, by which a surface or wood,
metal, etc., is engraved with a variety of curved lines.</cd>
<au>Craig.</au> -- <col>Rose family</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>the <spn>Rosece\'91</spn>.</cd> See <er>Rosaceous</er>. --
<col>Rose fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>rose cold.</cd> --
<col>Rose fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a rose betle, or
rose chafer.</cd> -- <col>Rose gall</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any gall found on rosebushes.</cd> See <er>Bedeguar</er>. --
<col>Rose knot</col>, <cd>a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited
so as to resemble a rose; a rosette.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Rose
lake</col>, <col>Rose madder</col></mcol>, <cd>a rich tint
prepared from lac and madder precipitated on an earthy
basis.</cd> <au>Fairholt.</au> -- <col>Rose mallow</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A name of several malvaceous
plants of the genus <spn>Hibiscus</spn>, with large rose-colored
flowers.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>the hollyhock</cd>. -- <col>Rose
nail</col>, <cd>a nail with a convex, faceted head.</cd> --
<col>Rose noble</col>, <cd>an ancient English gold coin, stamped
with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward
III., and current at 6s. 8d.</cd> <au>Sir W. Scott.</au> --
<col>Rose of China</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>China
rose</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>China</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rose
of Jericho</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a Syrian cruciferous
plant (<spn>Anastatica Hierochuntica</spn>) which rolls up when
dry, and expands again when moistened; -- called also
<altname>resurrection plant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rose of
Sharon</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an ornamental malvaceous
shrub (<spn>Hibiscus Syriacus</spn>). In the Bible the name is
used for some flower not yet identified, perhaps a Narcissus, or
possibly the great lotus flower.</cd> -- <col>Rose oil</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the yellow essential oil extracted from
various species of rose blossoms, and forming the chief part of
attar of roses.</cd> -- <col>Rose pink</col>, <cd>a pigment of a
rose color, made by dyeing chalk or whiting with a decoction of
Brazil wood and alum; also, the color of the pigment.</cd> --
<col>Rose quartz</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of quartz
which is rose-red.</cd> -- <col>Rose rash</col>.
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Roseola</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rose
slug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the small green larva of a
black sawfly (<spn>Selandria ros\'91</spn>)</mcol>.  These
larv\'91 feed in groups on the parenchyma of the leaves of
rosebushes, and are often abundant and very destructive.</cd> --
<col>Rose window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a circular window
filled with ornamental tracery. Called also <altname>Catherine
wheel</altname>, and <altname>marigold window</altname>. Cf.
<cref>wheel window</cref>, under <er>Wheel</er>.</cd> --
<col>Summer rose</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of
roseola. See <er>Roseola</er>.</cd> -- <col>Under the rose</col>
<ety>[a translation of L. <ets>sub rosa</ets>]</ety>, <cd>in
secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the
rose being among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung up
at entertainments as a token that nothing there said was to be
divulged.</cd> -- <col>Wars of the Roses</col> <fld>(Eng.
Hist.)</fld>, <cd>feuds between the Houses of York and Lancaster,
the <xex>white rose</xex> being the badge of the House of York,
and the <xex>red rose</xex> of the House of Lancaster.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
render rose-colored; to redden; to flush.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark> \'bdA maid yet <xex>rosed</xex> over with
the virgin crimson of modesty.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perfume, as with roses.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<hw>Ro"se*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>roseus</ets>, fr. <ets>rosa</ets> a rose.]</ety>
<def>resembling a rose in smell or color.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>

<hw>Ro"se*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>roseus</ets>, <ets>rosatus</ets>, prepared from roses. See
<er>Roseal</er>, <er>Rose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of
roses; rosy; <as>as, <ex>roseate</ex> bowers</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp.,
tinged with rose color; blooming; <as>as, <ex>roseate</ex>
beauty; her <ex>roseate</ex> lips</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Roseate tern</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
American and European tern (<spn>Sterna Dougalli</spn>) whose
breast is roseate in the breeding season.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rose"bay`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>the oleander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any shrub of the genus
<spn>Rhododendron</spn></def>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>An herb (<spn>Epilobium spicatum</spn>) with showy purple
flowers, common in Europe and North America; -- called also
<altname>great willow herb</altname>.</def>

<hw>Rose"bud`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The flower of
a rose before it opens, or when but partially open.</def>

<hw>Rose"bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bush or
shrub which bears roses.</def>

<hw>Rose"-col`ored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate
pink color.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine
or pleasing; alluring; <as>as, <ex>rose-colored</ex>
anticipations</as>.</def>

<hw>Rose"-cut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cut flat on
the reverse, and with a convex face formed of triangular facets
in rows; -- said of diamonds and other precious stones. See
<cref>Rose diamond</cref>, under <er>Rose</er>. Cf.
<er>Brilliant</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>

<hw>Rose"drop`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lozenge
having a rose flavor.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of earring.</def>

<au>Simmonds.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A ruddy eruption upon the nose
caused by drinking ardent spirits; a grog blossom.</def>

<hw>Rose"finch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of Asiatic
finches of the genera <spn>Carpodacus</spn>, and
<spn>Propasser</spn>, and allied genera, in which the male is
more or less colored with rose red.</def>

<hw>Rose"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large marine scorp\'91noid food fish
(<spn>Sebastes marinus</spn>) found on the northern coasts of
Europe and America. called also <altname>red perch</altname>,
<altname>hemdurgan</altname>, <altname>Norway haddok</altname>,
and also, erroneously, <altname>snapper</altname>,
<altname>bream</altname>, and <altname>bergylt</altname>.</def>

<note><hand/ When full grown it is usually bright rose-red or
orange-red; the young are usually mottled with red and ducky
brown.</note>

<hw>Rose"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>See <er>Rose</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a
nail with such a head.</def>

<hw>Ro"se*ine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Magenta</er>.</def>

<hw>Ro"se*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the
German mineralogist G. <ets>Rose</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in
small red crystals, allied to erythrite.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ro"sel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
dim. of L. <ets>rosa</ets> rose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A beautiful Australian parrakeet (<spn>Platycercus
eximius</spn>) often kept as a cage bird. The head and back of
the neck are scarlet, the throat is white, the back dark green
varied with lighter green, and the breast yellow.</def>

<hw>Ro*selle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>a malvaceous plant (<spn>Hibiscus Sabdariffa</spn>)
cultivated in the east and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes,
which are used for making tarts and jelly and an acid
drink.</def>

<hw>Rose`mal"oes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the
native name; cf. Malay <ets>rasam\'bela</ets> the name of the
tree.]</ety> <def>The liquid storax of the East Indian
<spn>Liquidambar orientalis</spn>.</def>

<hw>Rose"ma*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rosmarine</ets>, L. <ets>rosmarinus</ets>; <ets>ros</ets>
dew (cf. Russ. <ets>rosa</ets>, Lith. <ets>rasa</ets>, Skr.
<ets>rasa</ets> juice) + <ets>marinus</ets> marine: cf. F.
<ets>romarin</ets>. In English the word has been changed as if it
meant the <ets>rose of Mary</ets>. See <er>Marine</er>.]</ety>
<def>A labiate shrub (<spn>Rosmarinus officinalis</spn>) with
narrow grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of
France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has
a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is
used in cookery, perfumery, etc., and is an emblem of fidelity or
constancy.</def>

<q>There's <qex>rosemary</qex>, that's for remembrance.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<cs><col>Marsh rosemary</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A little shrub
<fld>(Andromeda polifolia)</fld> growing in cold swamps and
having leaves like those of the rosemary</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>See under <er>Marsh</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rosemary pine</col>,
<cd>the loblolly pine. See under <er>Loblolly</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ros"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of
roses; rosy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ro"sen*m\'81l`ler's or"gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>[So named
from its first describer, J. C. <xex>Rosenm\'81ller</xex>, a
German anatomist.] <fld>(Anat.)</fld> The parovarium.</def>

<hw>Ro"se*o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix
(also used adjectively) signifying <xex>rose-red</xex>;
specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called
<xex>roseo-cobaltic compounds</xex>) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf.
<er>Luteo</er>-.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ro*se"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
dim. of L. <ets>rosa</ets> a rose.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld>
<def>A rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in
circumscribed patches of little or no elevation and often
alternately fading and reviving; also, an acute specific disease
which is characterized by an eruption of this character; --
called also <altname>rose rash</altname>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Ro*se"o*lous</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rose"-pink`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the
pigment called <xex>rose pink</xex>. See <cref>Rose pink</cref>,
under <er>Rose</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues;
hence, sentimental.</def> \'bd<xex>Rose-pink</xex> piety.\'b8

<au>C. Kingsley.</au>

<hw>Ros"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rosier; a
rosebush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rose"-red`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Red as a
rose; specifically <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, of a pure purplish red
color.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rose"-ri`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rose</er>, and <er>Royal</er>.]</ety> <def>A name of several
English gold coins struck in different reigns and having having
different values; a rose noble.</def>

<hw>Rose"root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A fleshy-leaved herb (<spn>Rhodiola rosea</spn>); rosewort;
-- so called because the roots have the odor of roses.</def>

<hw>Ros"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place where
roses are cultivated; a nursery of roses. See <er>Rosary</er>,
1.</def>

<hw>Ro"set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rosette</ets>. See <er>Rosette</er>.]</ety> <def>A red color
used by painters.</def>

<au>Peacham.</au>

<hw>Ro-set"ta stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A stone found at
<xex>Rosetta</xex>, in Egypt, bearing a trilingual inscription,
by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key was obtained to
the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt.</def>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<hw>Ro*set"ta wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An east Indian wood
of a reddish orange color, handsomely veined with darker marks.
It is occasionally used for cabinetwork.</def>

<au>Ure.</au>

<hw>Ro*sette</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim. of
<ets>rose</ets> a rose. Cf. <er>Roset</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material,
-- used as an ornament or a badge.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament in the form of a
rose or roundel, -much used in decoration.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A red color. See <er>Roset</er>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A rose burner. See under <er>Rose</er>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any structure
having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of five broad
ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and clypeastroid
sea urchins. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Spicule</er>, and
<xex>Sand dollar</xex>, under <er>Sand</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A flowerlike color marking; <as>as, the <ex>rosettes</ex> on
the leopard</as>.</def>

<hw>Rose" wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Water tinctured with
roses by distillation.</def>

<hw>Rose"-wa`ter</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the odor of rose
water; hence, affectedly nice or delicate; sentimental.</def>
\'bd<xex>Rose-water</xex> philantropy.\'b8

<au>Carlyle.</au>

<hw>Rose"wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A valuable
cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and variegated with
black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the
genera <spn>Dalbergia</spn> and <spn>Mach\'91rium</spn>. The
finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the
<spn>Dalbergia nigra</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>African rosewood</col>, <cd>the wood of the leguminous
tree <spn>Pterocarpus erinaceus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Jamaica
rosewood</col>, <cd>the wood of two West Indian trees
(<spn>Amyris balsamifera</spn>, and <spn>Linocieria
ligustrina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>New South Wales rosewood</col>,
<cd>the wood of <spn>Trichilia glandulosa</spn>, a tree related
to the margosa.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rose"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of any one of several
species of lepidopterous insects which feed upon the leaves,
buds, or blossoms of the rose, especially <spn>Cac\'91cia
rosaceana</spn>, which rolls up the leaves for a nest, and
devours both the leaves and buds.</def>

<hw>Rose"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Roseroot.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any plant
nearly related to the rose.</def>

<au>Lindley.</au>

<hw>Ros`i*cru"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The
name is probably due to a German theologian, Johann Valentin
Andre\'84, who in anonymous pamphlets called himself a knight of
the <ets>Rose Cross</ets> (G. <ets>Rosenkreuz</ets>), using a
seal with a St. Andrew's cross and four roses.)]</ety> <def>One
who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th, claimed
to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply versed in
the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society having existed, it
was stated, several hundred years.</def>

<note><hand/ The Rosicrucians also called <xex>brothers of the
Rosy Cross</xex>, <xex>Rosy-cross Knights</xex>, <xex>Rosy-cross
philosophers</xex>, etc. Among other pretensions, they claimed to
be able to transmute metals, to prolong life, to know what is
passing in distant places, and to discover the most hidden things
by the application of the Cabala and science of numbers.</note>

<hw>Ros`i*cru"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.</def>

<hw>Ros"ied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Decorated with
roses, or with the color of roses.</def>

<hw>Ro"sier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>rosarius</ets> of roses. Cf. <er>Rosary</er>.]</ety> <def>A
rosebush; roses, collectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Crowned with a garland of sweet <qex>rosier</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ros"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rosy
manner.</def>

<au>M. Arnold.</au>

<hw>Ros"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A variant of
<ets>resin</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hard, amber-colored resin left
after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine;
colophony.</def>

<cs><col>Rosin oil</col>, <cd>an oil obtained from the resin of
the pine tree, -- used by painters and for lubricating machinery,
etc.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ros"in</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To rub with rosin, as
musicians rub the bow of a violin.</def>

<q>Or with the <qex>rosined</qex> bow torment the string.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>

<hw>Ros"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
of being rosy.</def>

<hw>Ros"in*weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The compass plant. See under
<er>Compass</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A name given in
California to various composite plants which secrete resins or
have a resinous smell.</def>

<hw>Ros"in*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>like rosin, or
having its qualities.</def>

<hw>Ros"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.
<ets>rhos</ets> a meadow, a moor + E. <ets>land</ets>.]</ety>
<def>heathy land; land full of heather; moorish or watery
land.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Ros"ma*rine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. See
<er>Rosemary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dew from the sea; sea
dew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>That purer brine
And wholesome dew called <qex>rosmarine</qex>.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rosemary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au> \'bdBiting on anise seed and
<xex>rosmarine</xex>.\'b8 <au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Ros"ma*rine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Norw. <ets>rosmar</ets>
a walrus; <ets>ros</ets> a horse (akin to E. <ets>horse</ets>) +
(probably) <ets>mar</ets> the sea.]</ety> <def>A fabulous sea
animal which was reported to climb by means of its teeth to the
tops of rocks to feed upon the dew.</def>

<q>And greedly <qex>rosmarines</qex> with visages deforme.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ro*sol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rose</ets> + carbo<ets>lic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a complex
red dyestuff (called <xex>rosolic acid</xex>) which is analogous
to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a mixture of
phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass,
<chform>C20H16O3</chform>, which forms weak salts with bases, and
stable ones with acids.  Called also <altname>methyl
aurin</altname>, and, formerly,
<altname>corallin</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ross</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>; 115), <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>The rough, scaly matter on the surface of
the bark of trees.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Ross</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To divest of the ross, or
rough, scaly surface; <as>as, to <ex>ross</ex> bark</as>.</def>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Ros"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Light land;
rosland.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Mortimer.</au>

<hw>Ros"sel*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Loose;
light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Mortimer.</au>

<hw>Rost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Roust</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<au>Jemieson.</au>

<hw>Ros"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rostellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>rostrum</ets> a beak: cf. F.
<ets>rostelle</ets>.]</ety> <def>same as
<er>Rostellum</er>.</def>

<hw>Ros*tel"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to a rostellum.</def>

<hw>Ros"tel*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>rostellatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a rostellum, or small
beak; terminating in a beak.</def>

<hw>Ros*tel"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the form of a rostellum, or small beak.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ros*tel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rostella</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See
<er>Rostel</er>.]</ety> <def>A small beaklike process or
extension of some part; a small rostrum; <as>as, the
<ex>rostellum</ex> of the stigma of violets, or of the operculum
of many mosses; the <ex>rostellum</ex> on the head of a
tapeworm.</as></def>

<hw>Ros"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps a
corruption of <ets>register</ets>; or cf. <ets>roll</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A register or roll showing the order in
which officers, enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called
on to serve.</def>

<hw>Ros"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rostrum</er>, 2.</def>

<hw>Ros"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rostralis</ets>, fr. <ets>rostrum</ets> a beak; cf. F.
<ets>rostral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the beak or
snout of an animal, or the beak of a ship; resembling a rostrum,
esp., the rostra at Rome, or their decorations.</def>

<q>[Monuments] adorned with <qex>rostral</qex> crowns and naval
ornaments.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ros"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ros"tra*ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rostratus</ets>, fr. <ets>rostrum</ets> a beak. See
<er>Rostrum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a process
resembling the beak of a bird; beaked; rostellate.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Furnished or adorned with beaks; <as>as,
<ex>rostrated</ex> galleys</as>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ros*trif"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>rostrum</ets> beak + <ets>ferre</ets> to
bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of
pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head prolonged into a
snout which is not retractile.</def>

<hw>Ros"tri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rostrum</ets> a beak + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>rostrifarme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a
beak.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ros"tru*lum <?/</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rostrula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L.
<ets>rostrum</ets> a beak.]</ety> <def>A little rostrum, or beak,
as of an insect.</def>

<-- p. 1253 -->

<hw>Ros"trum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Rostra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Rostrums</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., beak, ship's beak, fr.
<ets>rodere</ets>, <ets>rosum</ets>, to gnaw. See
<er>Rodent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The beak or head of a
ship.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> (<er>Rostra</er>) <fld>(Rom.
Antiq.)</fld> <def>The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum
where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were
delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was
adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also
to other platforms erected in Rome for the use of public
orators.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit
or platform occupied by an orator or public speaker.</def>

<q>Myself will mount the <qex>rostrum</qex> in his favor.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any beaklike
prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the beak of
birds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The beak, or sucking mouth parts,
of Hemiptera.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The snout of a gastropod
mollusk. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Littorina</er>.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of
the carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the
prawn.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Rostellum</er>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>The pipe to convey the
distilling liquor into its receiver in the common alembic.</def>

<au>Quincy.</au>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A pair of forceps of various
kinds, having a beaklike form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Coxe.</au>

<hw>Ro"su*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>rosulatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rosa</ets> a rose.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in little roselike clusters; --
said of leaves and bracts.</def>

<hw>Ros"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Rosier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Rosiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Resembling
a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red; blushing;
also, adorned with roses.</def>

<q>A smile that glowed
Celestial <qex>rosy</qex>-red, love's proper hue.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>While blooming youth and gay delight
Sit thy <qex>rosy</qex> cheeks confessed.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<note><hand/ <xex>Rosy</xex> is sometimes used in the formation
of self<?/xplaining compounde; as, <xex>rosy</xex>-bosomed,
<xex>rosy</xex>-colored, <xex>rosy</xex>-crowned,
<xex>rosy</xex>-fingered, <xex>rosy</xex>-tinted.</note>

<cs><col>Rosy cross</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Rosicrucian</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>

<hw>Rot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Rotted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rotien</ets>, AS.
<ets>rotian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rotten</ets>, Prov. G.
<ets>rotten</ets>, OHG. <ets>rozz<?/n</ets>, G.
<ets>r\'94sten</ets> to steep flax, Icel. <ets>rotna</ets> to
rot, Sw. <ets>ruttna</ets>, Dan. <ets>raadne</ets>, Icel.
<ets>rottin</ets> rotten. <root/117. Cf. <er>Ret</er>,
<er>Rotten</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To undergo a process
common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of
their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off
usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive
odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to
decay.</def>

<q>Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot,
To draw nutrition, propagate, and <qex>rot</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to
die; to become corrupt.</def>

<q>Four of the sufferers were left to <qex>rot</qex> in
irons.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<q><qex>Rot</qex>, poor bachelor, in your club.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To putrefy; corrupt; decay; spoil.</syn>

<hw>Rot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make putrid;
to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural
processes; <as>as, to <ex>rot</ex> vegetable fiber</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration,
etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.</def>

<hw>Rot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Process of rotting;
decay; putrefaction.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease or decay in fruits,
leaves, or wood, supposed to be caused by minute fungi. See
<cref>Bitter rot</cref>, <cref>Black rot</cref>, etc.,
below.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>rotz</ets> glanders.]</ety> <def>A
fatal distemper which attacks sheep and sometimes other animals.
It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm in the liver or
gall bladder. See 1st <er>Fluke</er>, 2.</def>

<q>His cattle must of <qex>rot</qex> and murrain die.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<cs><col>Bitter rot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of
apples, caused by the fungus <spn>Gl\'91osporium
fructigenum</spn>.</cd> <au>F. L. Scribner.</au> -- <col>Black
rot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of grapevines,
attacking the leaves and fruit, caused by the fungus
<spn>L\'91stadia Bidwellii</spn>.</cd> <au>F. L. Scribner.</au>
-- <col>Dry rot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Dry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grinder's rot</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Grinder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Potato rot</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Potato</er>.</cd> --
<col>White rot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of grapes,
first appearing in whitish pustules on the fruit, caused by the
fungus <spn>Coniothyrium diplodiella</spn>.</cd> <au>F. L.
Scribner.</au></cs>

<hw>\'d8Ro"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rota</ets> wheel. The name is said to allude to the design
of the floor of the room in which the court used to sit, which
was that of a wheel. See <er>Rotary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also <altname>Rota
Romana</altname>, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It
consists of twelve members.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A short-lived political
club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the
democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the
state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of
Parliament.</def>

<hw>Ro"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the
Middle Ages in church music; -- written also
<asp>rotta</asp>.</def>

<hw>Ro"ta*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rhotacism</er>.</def>

<hw>Ro"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to
wheels or to rotary motion; rotary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ro"ta*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rota</ets> wheel + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Any fossil foraminifer of the genus
<spn>Rotalia</spn>, abundant in the chalk formation. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Rhizopod</er>.</def>

<hw>Ro"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rota</ets> a wheel. See <er>Roll</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, and
cf. <er>barouche</er>, <er>Rodomontade</er>, <er>Rou\'82</er>,
<er>Round</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Rowel</er>.]</ety>
<def>Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or
resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; <as>as,
<ex>rotary</ex> motion</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Rotary engine</col>, <cd>steam engine in which the
continuous rotation of the shaft is produced by the direct action
of the steam upon rotating devices which serve as pistons,
instead of being derived from a reciprocating motion, as in the
ordinary engine; a steam turbine; -- called also
<altname>rotatory engine</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rotary
pump</col>, <cd>a pump in which the fluid is impelled by rotating
devices which take the place of reciprocating buckets or
pistons.</cd> -- <col>Rotary shears</col>, <cd>shears, as for
cloth, metal, etc., in which revolving sharp-edged or
sharp-cornered wheels do the cutting.</cd> -- <col>Rotary
valve</col>, <cd>a valve acting by continuous or partial
rotation, as in the four-way cock.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro"ta*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rota</ets> a wheel + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as
<er>Gyroscope</er>, 1.</def>

<hw>Ro"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rotatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>rotare</ets> to turn round like
a wheel, fr. <ets>rota</ets> wheel. See <er>Rotary</er>, and cf.
<er>Roue</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the parts spreading out like a
wheel; wheel-shaped; <as>as, a <ex>rotate</ex> spicule or scale;
a <ex>rotate</ex> corolla, <it>i.e.</it>, a monopetalous corolla
with a flattish border, and no tube or a very short
one.</as></def>

<hw>Ro"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rotated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rotating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn, as a
wheel, round an axis; to revolve.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perform any act, function, or operation in
turn, to hold office in turn; <as>as, to <ex>rotate</ex> in
office</as>.</def>

<hw>Ro"tate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
turn round or revolve, as a wheel around an axle.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to
succeed some one, or to be succeeded by some one, in
office.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdBoth, after a brief
service, were <xex>rotated</xex> out of office.\'b8

<au>Harper's Mag.</au>

<hw>Ro"ta*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Turned round,
as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate.</def>

<hw>Ro*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rotatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rotation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body
on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a
revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily
turning of the earth on its axis is a <xex>rotation</xex>; its
annual motion round the sun is a <xex>revolution</xex>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any return or succesion in a series.</def>

<cs><col>Moment of rotation</col>. <cd>See <cref>Moment of
inertia</cref>, under <er>Moment</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rotation in
office</col>, <cd>the practice of changing public officers at
frequent intervals by discharges and substitutions.</cd> --
<col>Rotation of crops</col>, <cd>the practices of cultivating an
orderly succession of different crops on the same land.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or
characterized by, rotation; <as>as, <ex>rotational</ex>
velocity</as>.</def>

<hw>Ro"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rotatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>turning, as a wheel; rotary;
rotational.</def>

<q>This high <qex>rotative</qex> velocity of the sun must cause
an equatorial rise of the solar atmosphere.</q>
<qau>Siemens.</qau>

<cs><col>Rotative engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine in which the
reciprocating motion of the piston is transformed into a
continuous rotary motion, as by means of a connecting rod, a
working beam and crank, or an oscillating cylinder.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>that which gives a rotary or
rolling motion, as a muscle which partially rotates or turns some
part on its axis.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A revolving reverberatory
furnace.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ro`ta*to"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Rotifera</er>.</def>

<hw>Ro"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rotatoire</ets>. See <er>Rotate</er>,
<er>Rotary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Turning as on an axis;
rotary.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Going in a circle; following in rotation or
succession; <as>as, <ex>rotatory</ex> assembles</as>.</def>

<au>Burke.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Producing rotation of the
plane of polarization; <as>as, the <ex>rotatory</ex> power of
bodies on light</as>. See the Note under
<er>polarization</er>.</def>

<au>Nichol.</au>

<hw>Ro"ta*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
rotifer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Kirby.</au>

<hw>Rotche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A very small arctic sea bird (<spn>Mergulus alle</spn>, or
<spn>Alle alle</spn>) common on both coasts of the Atlantic in
winter; -- called also <altname>little auk</altname>,
<altname>dovekie</altname>, <altname>rotch</altname>,
<altname>rotchie</altname>, and <altname>sea
dove</altname>.</def>

<hw>Rotch"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European red gurnard (<spn>Trigla
pini</spn>).</def>

<hw>Rote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A root.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rote</ets>, probably of German origin; cf. MHG.
<ets>rotte</ets>, OHG. <ets>rota</ets>, <ets>hrota</ets>, LL.
<ets>chrotta</ets>. Cf. <er>Crowd</er> a kind of violin.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of guitar, the notes of which were
produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an
instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.</def>

<q>Well could he sing and play on a <qex>rote</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and
<qex>rotes</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Rote</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rut</er>
roaring.]</ety> <def>The noise produced by the surf of the sea
dashing upon the shore. See <er>Rut</er>.</def>

<hw>Rote</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>rote</ets>, F.
<ets>route</ets>, road, path. See <er>Route</er>, and cf.
<er>Rut</er> a furrow, <er>Routine</er>.]</ety> <def>A frequent
repetition of forms of speech without attention to the meaning;
mere repetition; <as>as, to learn rules by
<ex>rote</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<q>till he the first verse could [<it>i. e.</it>, knew] all by
<qex>rote</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Thy love did read by <qex>rote</qex>, and could not spell.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rote</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Roted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Roting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To learn or repeat by
rote.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak</au>.

<hw>Rote</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go out by rotation or
succession; to rotate</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<-- = rotate out? -->

<au>Z. Grey.</au>

<hw>Ro*tel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., dim. of
<ets>rota</ets> wheel; cf. LL. <ets>rotella</ets> a little
whell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of small, polished, brightcolored gastropods of the genus
<spn>Rotella</spn>, native of tropical seas.</def>

<hw>Rot"gut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Bad
small beer.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when
adulterated so as to be very deleterious.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>

<hw>Roth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hry<edh/er</ets>; cf. D. <ets>rund</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bovine.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>A bovine beast.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<cs><col>Rother beasts</col>, <cd>cattle of the bovine genus;
black cattle. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Golding.</au> --
<col>Rother soil</col>, <cd>the dung of rother beasts.</cd></cs>

<hw>Roth"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. See
<er>Rudder</er>.]</ety> <def>A rudder.</def>

<cs><col>Rother nail</col>, <cd>a nail with a very full head,
used for fastening the rudder irons of ships; -- so called by
shipwrights.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ro"ti*fer</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. see
<er>Rotifera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the
Rotifera. See <xex>Illust</xex>. in Appendix.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ro*tif"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>rota</ets> <?/ wheel +
<ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An
order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups of
vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often give an
appearance of rapidly revolving wheels.  The species are very
numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and
habits.</def>

<hw>Ro"ti*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rota</ets> wheel + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Wheel-shaped; <as>as, <ex>rotiform</ex>
appendages</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rotate</er>.</def>

<hw>Rot"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Rota</er>.</def>

<hw>Rot"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>rotinn</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>rutten</ets>, Dan.
<ets>radden</ets>. See <er>Rot</er>.]</ety> <def>Having rotted;
putrid; decayed; <as>as, a <ex>rotten</ex> apple; <ex>rotten</ex>
meat</as>.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Offensive to the smell;
fetid; disgusting.</def>

<q>You common cry or curs! whose breath I hate
As reek of the <qex>rotten</qex> fens.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective;
treacherous; unsafe; <as>as, a <ex>rotten</ex> plank, bone,
stone</as>.</def> \'bdThe deepness of the <xex>rotten</xex>
way.\'b8

<au>Knolles.</au>

<cs><col>Rotten borough</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Borough</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rotten stone</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft stone, called also Tripoli (from
the country from which it was formerly brought), used in all
sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the arts, and for
cleaning metallic substances. The name is also given to other
friable siliceous stones applied to like uses.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Putrefied; decayed; carious; defective; unsound;
corrupt; deceitful; treacherous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rot"ten*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rot"ten*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>\'d8Rot"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
little wheel; cf. It. <ets>rotula</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The patella, or kneepan.</def>

<hw>Rot"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rotula</ets>, dim. of <ets>rota</ets> wheel.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rotula, or
kneepan.</def>

<hw>Ro*tund"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rotundus</ets>. See <er>Round</er>, and cf.
<er>Rotunda</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Round; circular;
spherical.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence; complete; entire.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>orbicular, or nearly so.</def>

<au>Gray.</au>

<hw>Ro*tund"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rotunds.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Burke.</au>

<hw>Ro*tun"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.
<ets>rotonda</ets>, F. <ets>rotonde</ets>; both fr. L.
<ets>rotundus</ets> round. See <er>Rotund</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A round building;
especially, one that is round both on the outside and inside,
like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly, but very commonly, used
for a large round room; <as>as, the <ex>rotunda</ex> of the
Capitol at Washington</as>.</def>

<hw>Ro*tund"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rounded;
especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the corners.</def>

<hw>Ro*tund`i*fo"li*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rotundus</ets> round + <ets>folium</ets> a leaf.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having round leaves.</def>

<hw>Ro*tund"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rotunditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rotondit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of being rotu<?/;
roundness; sphericity; circularity.</def>

<q>Smite flat the thick <qex>rotundity</qex> o'the world!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness.</def>

<q>For the more <qex>rotundity</qex> of the number and grace of
the matter, it passeth for a full thousand.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<q>A boldness and <qex>rotundity</qex> of speech.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<hw>Ro*tund"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Roundness;
rotundity.</def>

<hw>Ro*tun"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rotunda</er>.</def>

<hw>Ro*tur"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
roturier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Howell.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ro`tu`rier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A person who is not of noble birth; specif.,
a freeman who during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial
land.</def>

<hw>Rot"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rot</er>.]</ety> <def>To make rotten.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Well bet is rotten apple out of hoard,
Than that it <qex>roty</qex> all the remenant.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>\'d8Rou"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coin. See
<er>Ruble</er>.</def>

<hw>Rouche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ruche</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rou`\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
properly p.p. of <ets>rouer</ets> to break upon the wheel, fr.
<ets>roue</ets> a wheel, L. <ets>rota</ets>. See <er>Rotate</er>,
<er>Rotary</er>.]</ety> <def>One devoted to a life of sensual
pleasure; a debauchee; a rake.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rou`et"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for
discharging them.</def>

<au>Crabb.</au>

<hw>Rouge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>rubeus</ets> red, akin to <ets>rubere</ets> to be red,
<ets>ruber</ets> red. See <er>Red</er>.]</ety> <def>red.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>\'d8Rouge et noir</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[F., red and
black]</ety>, <cd>a game at cards in which persons play against
the owner of the bank; -- so called because the table around
which the players sit has certain compartments colored red and
black, upon which the stakes are deposited.</cd></cs>

<au>Hoyle.</au>

<hw>Rouge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red amorphous powder consisting of
ferric oxide.  It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and
as a cosmetic, etc. Called also <altname>crocus</altname>,
<altname>jeweler's rouge</altname>, etc.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the
cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of
the safflower, but it is often made from carmine.</def>

<au>Ure.</au>

<hw>Rouge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rouged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rouging</er> .]</wordforms> <def>To paint the face or cheeks
with rouge.</def>

<hw>Rouge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tint with rouge; <as>as,
to <ex>rouge</ex> the face or the cheeks</as>.</def>

<hw>Rouge`croix"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F., literally, red cross.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One
of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.</def>

<hw>Rouge" drag`on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
literally, red dragon.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the
four pursuivants of the English college of arms.</def>

<-- p. 1254 -->

<hw>Rough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Rougher</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Roughest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rou<?/</ets>, <ets>rou</ets>, <ets>row</ets>,
<ets>rugh</ets>, <ets>ruh</ets>, AS. <ets>r<?/h</ets>; akin to
LG. <ets>rug</ets>, D. <ets>rug</ets>, D. <ets>ruig</ets>,
<ets>ruw</ets>, OHG. <ets>r<?/h</ets>, G. <ets>rauh</ets>,
<ets>rauch</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>raukas</ets> wrinkle,
<ets>rukti</ets> to wrinkle. <root/ 18. Cf. <er>Rug</er>,
<pos>n</pos>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having inequalities, small
ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; <as>as, a
<ex>rough</ex> board; a <ex>rough</ex> stone; <ex>rough</ex>
cloth</as>.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not level;
having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or
of a road.</def> \'bdRough, uneven ways.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a
<xex>rough</xex> diamond</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Tossed in
waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of
water</def>.

<q>More unequal than the <qex>roughest</qex> sea.</q>
<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged;
disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; <as>as, a
<ex>rough</ex> coat</as>.</def>  \'bdA visage
<xex>rough</xex>.\'b8 <au>Dryden.</au> 
\'bd<xex>Rough</xex>satyrs.\'b8 <au>Milton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement,
gentleness, or polish.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not
courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; <as>as, a <ex>rough</ex>
temper</as>.</def>

<q>A fiend, a fury, pitiless and <qex>rough</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>A surly boatman, <qex>rough</qex> as wayes or winds.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard;
<as>as, <ex>rough</ex> measures or actions</as>.</def>

<q>On the <qex>rough</qex> edge of battle.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>A quicker and <qex>rougher</qex> remedy.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<q>Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which
<qex>rough</qex> and imperious usage often produces.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh;
grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; <as>as, a
<ex>rough</ex> tone; <ex>rough</ex> numbers</as>.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Austere; harsh to the taste; <as>as,
<ex>rough</ex> wine</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Tempestuous;
boisterous; stormy; <as>as, <ex>rough</ex> weather; a
<ex>rough</ex> day</as>.</def>

<q>He stayeth his <qex>rough</qex> wind.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxvii. 8.</qau>

<q>Time and the hour runs through the <qex>roughest</qex>
day.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish;
incomplete; <as>as, a <ex>rough</ex> estimate; a <ex>rough</ex>
draught</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Rough diamond</col>, <cd>an uncut diamond; hence,
colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude
exterior.</cd><-- = diamond in the rough --> -- <col>Rough and
ready</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Acting with offhand promptness and
efficiency</cd>. \'bdThe <xex>rough and ready<xex>
understanding.\'b8</cd></cs>

<au>Lowell.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Produced offhand</def>. \'bdSome <xex>rough and
ready</xex> theory.\'b8

<au>Tylor.</au>

<hw>Rough</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Boisterous
weather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fletcher.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.</def>

<cs><col>In the rough</col>, <cd>in an unwrought or rude
condition; unpolished; <as>as, a diamond or a sketch <ex>in the
rough<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<q>Contemplating the people <qex>in the rough</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>

<hw>Rough</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rough manner; rudely;
roughly.</def>

<q>Sleeping <qex>rough</qex> on the trenches, and dying
stubbornly in their boats.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Rough</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render
rough; to roughen.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break in, as a horse, especially for military
purposes.</def>

<au>Crabb.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with
<xex>out; <as>as, to <ex>rough</ex> out a carving, a
sketch</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Roughing rolls</col>, <cd>rolls for reducing, in a rough
manner, a bloom of iron to bars.</cd> -- <col>To rough it</col>,
<cd>to endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary
comforts.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rough`cast"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To form in its first rudiments, without revision,
correction, or polish.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with
asperities and inequalities.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or
pebbles; <as>as, to <ex>roughcast</ex> a building</as>.</def>

<hw>Rough"cast`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rude
model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of plastering made of lime, with a
mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rough"cast`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
roughcasts.</def>

<hw>Rough"draw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To draw
or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch.</def>

<hw>Rough"dry`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>in
laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing.</def>

<hw>Rough"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Roughened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Roughening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Rough</er>.]</ety> <def>To make rough.</def>

<hw>Rough"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow or become
rough.</def>

<hw>Rough"-foot`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feather-footed; <as>as, a
<ex>rough-footed</ex> dove</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sherwood.</au>

<hw>Rough"-grained</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having coarse traits
of character; not polished; brisque.</def>

<hw>Rough"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The redfin.</def>

<hw>Rough"hew`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To hew coarsely, without smoothing; <as>as, to
<ex>roughhew</ex> timber</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give the first form or shape to; to form
rudely; to shape appromaxitely and rudely; to roughcast.</def>

<q>There's a divinity that shapes our ends,
<qex>Roughhew</qex> them how we will.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rough"hew`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
roughhews.</def>

<hw>Rough"hewn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not
polished.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated;
rough-grained.</def> \'bdA <xex>roughhewn</xex> seaman.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Rough"ing-in`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The first
coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of applying
it.</def>

<hw>Rough"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<def>Rowen</def>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Rough"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat rough.</def>

<hw>Rough"leg`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of large
hawks of the genus <spn>Archibuteo</spn>, having the legs
feathered to the toes.  Called also <altname>rough-legged
hawk</altname>, and <altname>rough-legged
buzzard</altname>.</def>

<note><hand/ The best known species is <spn>Archibuteo
lagopus</spn> of Northern Europe, with its darker American
variety (<spn>Sancti-johannis</spn>). The latter is often nearly
or quite black. The ferruginous roughleg (<spn>Archibuteo
ferrugineus</spn>) inhabits Western North America.</note>

<hw>Rough"-legged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the legs covered with feathers;
-- said of a bird.</def>

<cs><col>rough-legged hawk</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Roughleg</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rough"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rough manner;
unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely; austerely.</def>

<hw>Rough"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being rough.</def>

<hw>Rough"rid`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
breaks horses; especially <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, a noncommissioned
officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the
riding master.</def>

<hw>Rough"scuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rough</ets> + <ets>scuff</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rough,
coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the people; the
rabble; the riffraff.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Rough"set`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mason
who builds rough stonework.</def>

<hw>Rough"shod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shod with
shoes armed with points or calks; <as>as, a <ex>roughshod</ex>
horse</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To ride roughshod</col>, <cd>to pursue a course
regardless of the pain or distress it may cause others.</cd></cs>
<-- usu. with "over" -->

<hw>Rough"strings`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Capr.)</fld> <def>Pieces of undressed timber put under the
steps of a wooden stair for their support.</def>

<hw>Rought</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Reach</er>.</def>

<hw>Rought</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Reck</er>, to care.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rough"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of small ground snakes of
the family <spn>Uropeltid\'91</spn>; -- so called from their
<xex>rough tails</xex>.</def>

<hw>Rough"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To work
over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness, or
finish.</def>

<au>Moxon.</au>

<hw>Rough"wrought`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wrought
in a rough, unfinished way; worked over coarsely.</def>

<hw>Rouk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See 5th
<er>Ruck</er>, and <er>Roke</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Rou`lade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A smoothly running passage
of short notes (as semiquavers, or sixteenths) uniformly grouped,
sung upon one long syllable, as in Handel's oratorios.</def>

<hw>\'d8Rou`leau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. F.
<plw>Rouleaux</plw> <pr>(F. <?/; E. <?/)</pr>, E.
<plw>Rouleaus</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F., a roll, dim.
fr. fr. <ets>r\'93le</ets>, formerly also spelt
<ets>roulle</ets>. See <er>Roll</er>.]</ety> <def>A little roll;
a roll of coins put up in paper, or something resembling such a
roll.</def>

<hw>Rou*lette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
properly, a little wheel or ball. See <er>Rouleau</er>,
<er>Roll</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A game of chance, in which
a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided
off into numbered red and black spaces, the one on which it stops
indicating the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the
game.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small
toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to
order to produce rows of dots.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A similar
wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making
alterations in a mezzotint.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>the curve traced by any point
in the plane of a given curve when the latter rolls, without
sliding, over another fixed curve. See <er>Cycloid</er>, and
<er>Epycycloid</er>.</def>

<hw>Rou"ly-pou`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rolly-pooly</er>.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Roun</hw>, <hw>Rown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>v.
i. & t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>r<?/nian</ets>, fr. <ets>r<?/n</ets>
a rune, secret, mystery; akin to G. <ets>raunen</ets> to whisper.
See <er>Rune</er>.]</ety> <def>To whisper.</def>
<mark>[obs.]</mark>

<au>Gower.</au>

<q>Another <qex>rouned</qex> to his fellow low.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Rounce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>ronce</ets> bramble, brier, thorn, <ets>ranche</ets> a
round, step, rack, or E. <ets>round</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The handle by which the bed of a hand
press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen
and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by
which the form is moved under the platen.</def>

<hw>Roun"ce*val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>Ronceval</ets>, <ets>Roncevaux</ets>, a town at the foot of
the foot of the Pyrenees, Sp. <ets>Roncesvalles</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at
Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Roun"ce*val</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A giant; anything large;
a kind of pea called also <altname>marrowfat</altname>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Roun"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A common
hackney horse; a nag.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>he rode upon a <qex>rouncy</qex> as he could.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Round</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Roun</er>.]</ety> <def>To whisper.</def> <mark>[obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak. Holland.</au>

<q>The Bishop of Glasgow <qex>rounding</qex> in his ear, \'bdYe
are not a wise man,\'b8 . . . he <qex>rounded</qex> likewise to
the bishop, and said, \'bdWherefore brought ye me here?\'b8</q>
<qau>Calderwood.</qau>

<hw>Round</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>roond</ets>,
<ets>roont</ets>, <ets>reond</ets>, F. <ets>rond</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>rotundus</ets>, fr. <ets>rota</ets> wheel. See
<er>Rotary</er>, and cf. <er>Rotund</er>, <er>roundel</er>,
<er>Rundlet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having every portion of
the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the
center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a
spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; <as>as, a
<ex>round</ex> ball</as>.</def> \'bdThe big, <xex>round</xex>
tears.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>Upon the firm opacous globe
Of this <qex>round</qex> world.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical;
<as>as, the barrel of a musket is <ex>round</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having a curved outline or form; especially, one
like the arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the
surface of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or
pointed; <as>as, a <ex>round</ex> arch; <ex>round</ex>
hills.</as></def> \'bdTheir <xex>round</xex> haunches gored.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Full; complete; not broken; not fractional;
approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; --
said of numbers.</def>

<q>Pliny put a <qex>round</qex> number near the truth, rather
than the fraction.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous;
free; <as>as, a <ex>round</ex> price</as>.</def>

<q>Three thousand ducats; 'tis a good <qex>round</qex> sum.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q><qex>Round</qex> was their pace at first, but slackened
soon.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Uttered or emitted with a full tone; <as>as, a
<ex>round</ex> voice; a <ex>round</ex> note.</as></def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Modified, as a vowel, by
contraction of the lip opening, making the opening more or less
round in shape; rounded; labialized; labial. See <xex>Guide to
Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/ 11.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved;
unqualified; not mincing; <as>as, a <ex>round</ex> answer; a
<ex>round</ex> oath.</as></def> \'bdThe <xex>round</xex>
assertion.\'b8

<au>M. Arnold.</au>

<q>Sir Toby, I must be <qex>round</qex> with you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or
abrupt; finished; polished; -- said of style, or of authors with
reference to their style.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>In his satires Horace is quick, <qex>round</qex>, and
pleasant.</q>
<qau>Peacham.</qau>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied
to conduct.</def>

<q><qex>Round</qex> dealing is the honor of man's nature.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<cs><col>At a round rate</col>, <cd>rapidly.</cd>
<au>Dryden.</au> -- <col>In round numbers</col>,
<cd>approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, etc.; <as>as, a
bin holding 99 or 101 bushels may be said to hold <ex>in round
numbers</ex> 100 bushels</as>.</cd> -- <col>Round bodies</col>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the sphere right cone, and right
cylinder.</cd> -- <col>Round clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the quahog.</cd> -- <col>Round dance</col> <cd>one which is
danced by couples with a whirling or revolving motion, as the
waltz, polka, etc.</cd> -- <col>Round game</col>, <cd>a game, as
of cards, in which each plays on his own account.</cd> --
<col>Round hand</col>, <cd>a style of penmanship in which the
letters are formed in nearly an upright position, and each
separately distinct; -- distinguished from <xex>running
hand</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Round robin</col>. <ety>[Perhaps F.
<ets><cd>round</ets> round + <ets>ruban</ets> ribbon.]</ety>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A written petition, memorial, remonstrance,
protest, etc., the signatures to which are made in a circle so as
not to indicate who signed first.</cd>  \'bdNo <xex>round
robins</xex> signed by the whole main deck of the Academy or the
Porch.\'b8 <au>De Quincey.</au> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The cigar fish.</cd> -- <col>Round
shot</col>, <cd>a solid spherical projectile for ordnance.</cd>
-- <col>Round Table</col>, <cd>the table about which sat King
Arthur and his knights. See <cref>Knights of the Round
Table</cref>, under <er>Knight</er>.</cd> -- <col>Round
tower</col>, <cd>one of certain lofty circular stone towers,
tapering from the base upward, and usually having a conical cap
or roof, which crowns the summit, -- found chiefly in Ireland.
They are of great antiquity, and vary in heigh from thirty-five
to one hundred and thiry feet.</cd> -- <col>Round trot</col>,
<cd>one in which the horse throws out his feet roundly; a full,
brisk, quick trot.</cd> <au>Addison.</au> -- <col>Round
turn</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one turn of a rope round a
timber, a belaying pin, etc.</cd> -- <col>To bring up with a
round turn</col>, <cd>to stop abruptly.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Circular; spherical; globular; globase; orbicular;
orbed; cylindrical; full; plump; rotund.</syn>

<hw>Round</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Anything round, as a circle, <?/ globe, a ring. \'bdThe
golden <xex>round</xex>\'b8 [the crown].</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>In labyrinth of many a <qex>round</qex> self-rolled.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A series of changes or events ending where it
began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle;
a periodical revolution; <as>as, the <ex>round</ex> of the
seasons; a <ex>round</ex> of pleasures.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A course of action or conduct performed by a
number of persons in turn, or one after another, as if seated in
a circle.</def>

<q>Women to cards may be compared: we play
A <qex>round</qex> or two; which used, we throw away.</q>
<qau>Granville.</qau>

<q>The feast was served; the bowl was crowned;
To the king's pleasure went the mirthful <qex>round</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A series of duties or tasks which must be
performed in turn, and then repeated.</def>

<q>the trivial <qex>round</qex>, the common task.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A circular dance.</def>

<q>Come, knit hands, and beat the ground,
In a light fantastic <qex>round</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which goes round a whole circle or company;
<as>as, a <ex>round</ex> of applause</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Rotation, as in office; succession.</def>

<au>Holyday.</au>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a
crosspiece which joins and braces the legs of a chair.</def>

<q>All the <qex>rounds</qex> like Jacob's ladder rise.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>A course ending where it began; a circuit; a
beat; especially, one freguently or regulary traversed; also, the
act of traversing a circuit; <as>as, a watchman's <ex>round</ex>;
the <ex>rounds</ex> of the postman</as>.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A walk performed
by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or
among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all
things safe; also, the guard or officer, with his attendants, who
performs this duty; -- usually in the plural.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A general discharge of firearms by a body of troops in which
each soldier fires once.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Ammunition for
discharging a piece or pieces once; <as>as, twenty
<ex>rounds</ex> of ammunition were given out</as>.</def>

<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short vocal piece,
resembling a catch in which three or four voices follow each
other round in a species of canon in the unison.</def>

<sn>12.</sn> <def>The time during which prize fighters or boxers
are in actual contest without an intermission, as prescribed by
their rules; a bout.</def>

<sn>13.</sn> <def>A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is
concluded, the yeast escaping through the bunghole.</def>

<sn>14.</sn> <def>A vessel filled, as for drinking.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<sn>15.</sn> <def>An assembly; a group; a circle; <as>as, a
<ex>round</ex> of politicians</as>.</def>

<au>Addison.</au>

<sn>16.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Roundtop</er>.</def>

<sn>17.</sn> <def>Same as <cref>Round of beef</cref>,
below.</def>

<-- 18. A complete set of plays in a game or contest covering a
standard number of individual plays or parts; as, a round of
golf, a round of tennis. Sim. to def. 3, without the seating.

19.  One set of games in a tournament.  --> 

<cs><col>Gentlemen of the round</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Gentlemen
soldiers of low rank who made the rounds</cd>. See 10
<sd>(a)</sd>, above.  <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Disbanded soldiers who
lived by begging. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<q>Worm-eaten <qex>gentlemen of the round</qex>, such as have
vowed to sit on the skirts of the city, let your provost and his
half dozen of halberdiers do what they can.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>

-- <col>Round of beef</col>, <cd>the part of the thigh below the
aitchbone, or between the rump and the leg.</cd> See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>beef</er>. -- <col>Round steak</col>,
<cd>a beefsteak cut from the round.</cd> -- <col>Sculpture in the
round</col>, <cd>sculpture giving the full form, as of man;
statuary, distinguished from relief.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 1255 -->

<hw>Round</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On all sides;
around.</def>

<q><qex>Round</qex> he throws his baleful eyes.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by
revolving or reversing one's position; <as>as, to turn one's head
<ex>round</ex>; a wheel turns <ex>round</ex>.</as></def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>In circumference; <as>as, a ball is ten inches
<ex>round</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>From one side or party to another; as to come or
turn <xex>round</xex>, -- that is, to change sides or
opinions.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>By or in a circuit; by a course longer than the
direct course; back to the starting point.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Through a circle, as of friends or houses.</def>

<q>The invitations were sent <qex>round</qex> accordingly.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Roundly; fully; vigorously.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<cs><col>All round</col>, <cd>over the whole place; in every
direction.</cd> -- <col>All-round</col>, <cd>of general capacity;
<as>as, an <ex>all-round</ex> man</as>.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To bring one round</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause one to change his opinions or line of
conduct</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To restore one to health</cd>.
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<hw>Round</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>On every side
of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; <as>as, the
people atood <ex>round</ex> him; to go <ex>round</ex> the city;
to wind a cable <ex>round</ex> a windlass</as>.</def>

<q>The serpent Error twines <qex>round</qex> human hearts.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<cs><col>Round about</col>, <cd>an emphatic form for
<xex>round<xex> or <xex>about<xex>.</cd> \'bdMoses . . . set them
[The elders] <xex>round about<xex> the tabernacle.\'b8 <au>Num.
xi. 24.</au> -- <col>To come round</col>, <cd>to gain the consent
of, or circumvent, (a person) by flattery or deception.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<hw>Round</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rounded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rounding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a round or convex
figure to; <as>as, to <ex>round</ex> a silver coin; to
<ex>round</ex> the edges of anything</as>.</def>

<q>Worms with many feet, which <qex>round</qex> themselves into
balls, are bred chiefly under logs of timber.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<q>The figures on our modern medals are raised and
<qex>rounded</qex> to a very great perfection.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To surround; to encircle; to encompass.</def>

<q>The inclusive verge
Of golden metal that must <qex>round</qex> my brow.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bring to fullness or completeness; to
complete; hence, to bring to a fit conclusion.</def>

<q>We are such stuff
As dreams are made on, and our little life
Is <qex>rounded</qex> with a sleep.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a
corner or point); <as>as, to <ex>round</ex> a corner; to
<ex>round</ex> Cape Horn</as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make full, smooth, and flowing; <as>as, to
<ex>round</ex> periods in writing</as>.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<cs><col>To round in</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To haul up;
usually, to haul the slack of (a rope) through its leading block,
or to haul up (a tackle which hangs loose) by its fall.</cd>
<au>Totten.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To collect together (cattle) by
riding around them, as on cattle ranches<-- round up --></cd>.
<mark>[Western U.S.]</mark></cs>

<hw>Round</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow round
or full; hence, to attain to fullness, completeness, or
perfection.</def>

<q>The queen your mother <qex>rounds</qex> apace.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>So <qex>rounds</qex> he to a separate mind,
From whence clear memory may begin.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go round, as a guard.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark><-- = make the rounds -->

<q>They . . . nightly <qex>rounding</qex> walk.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To go or turn round; to wheel about.</def>

<au>Tennyson.</au>

<cs><col>To round to</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn the
head of a ship toward the wind.</cd></cs>

<hw>Round"a*bout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Circuitous; going round; indirect; <as>as,
<ex>roundabout</ex> speech</as>.</def>

<q>We have taken a terrible <qex>roundabout</qex> road.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive.</def>
\'bdLarge, sound, <xex>roundabout</xex> sense.\'b8

<au>Locke.</au>

<hw>Round"a*bout`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden horses, etc., on
which children ride; a merry-go-round.</def>

<au>Smart.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dance performed in a circle.</def>

<au>Goldsmith.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors,
etc.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A state or scene of constant change, or of
recurring labor and vicissitude.</def>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<hw>Round"a*bout`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of
being roundabout; circuitousness.</def>

<hw>Round"-arm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>Applied to the method delivering the
ball in bowling, by swinging the arm horizontally.</def>

<au>R. A. Proctor.</au>

<hw>Round"-backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
round back or shoulders; round-shouldered.</def>

<hw>Round"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld>
<def>Modified by contraction of the lip opening; labialized;
labial. See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/ 11.</def>

<hw>Roun"del</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>rondel</ets> a roundelay, F. <ets>rondel</ets>,
<ets>rondeau</ets>, a dim. fr. <ets>rond</ets>; for sense 2, cf.
F. <ets>rondelle</ets> a round, a round shield. See
<er>Round</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Rondel</er>,
<er>Rondelay</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A
rondelay.</def>  \'bdSung all the <xex>roundel</xex> lustily.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>Come, now a <qex>roundel</qex> and a fairy song.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything having a round form; a round figure; a
circle.</def>

<q>The Spaniards, casting themselves into <qex>roundels</qex>, .
. . made a flying march to Calais.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small circular shield,
sometimes not more than a foot in diameter, used by soldiers in
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a
small circle</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A
bastion of a circular form</def>.

<hw>Round"e*lay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>rondelet</ets>, dim. of <ets>rondel</ets>. See
<er>Roundel</er>, <er>Roundeau</er>, and cf. <er>Roundlet</er>,
<er>Rundlet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Poetry)</fld> <def>See
<er>Rondeau</er>, and <er>Rondel</er>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tune in which a
simple strain is often repeated; a simple rural strain which is
short and lively.</def> <au>Spenser.  Tennyson.</au> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A dance in a circle</def>.

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything having a round form; a roundel.</def>

<hw>Round"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or
regularly.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tool for making an edge or surface
round.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An English game somewhat
resembling baseball; also, another English game resembling the
game of fives, but played with a football.</def>

<q>Now we play <qex>rounders</qex>, and then we played prisoner's
base.</q>
<qau>Bagehot.</qau>

<hw>Round"fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any ordinary market fish,
exclusive of flounders, sole, halibut, and other
<xex>flatfishes</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A lake whitefish
(<spn>Coregonus quadrilateralis</spn>), less compressed than the
common species.  It is very abundant in British America and
Alaska.</def>

<hw>Round"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.
Hist.)</fld> <def>A nickname for a Puritan. See
<xex>Roundheads</xex>, <xex>the</xex>, in the Dictionary of Noted
Names in Fiction.</def>

<au>Toone.</au>

<hw>Round"head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a round head or
top.</def>

<hw>Round"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or station
house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cabin or
apartament on the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop
for its roof; -- sometimes called the
<altname>coach</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A privy near
the bow of the vessel.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A house for locomotive engines, built circularly
around a turntable.</def>

<hw>Round"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Round or nearly round;
becoming round; roundish.</def>

<hw>Round"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn, wound round a
rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also
<altname>service</altname>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Modifying a speech sound
by contraction of the lip opening; labializing; labialization.
See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/ 11.</def>

<hw>Round"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat round; <as>as, a
<ex>roundish</ex> seed; a <ex>roundish</ex> figure</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Round"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Round"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
circle.</def>

<au>J. Gregory.</au>

<hw>Round"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a round
form or manner.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply.</def>

<q>He affirms everything <qex>roundly</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Briskly; with speed.</def>

<au>locke.</au>

<q>Two of the outlaws walked <qex>roundly</qex> forward.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Completely; vigorously; in earnest.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Without regard to detail; in gross;
comprehensively; generally; <as>as, to give numbers
<ex>roundly</ex></as>.</def>

<q>In speaking <qex>roundly</qex> of this period.</q>
<qau>H. Morley.</qau>

<hw>Round"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality
or state of being round in shape; <as>as, the <ex>roundness</ex>
of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, a
column, etc.</as></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fullness; smoothness of flow; <as>as, the
<ex>roundness</ex> of a period; the <ex>roundness</ex> of a note;
<ex>roundness</ex> of tone</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness;
<as>as, the <ex>roundness</ex> of an assertion</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Circularity; sphericity; globosity; globularity;
globularness; orbicularness; cylindricity; fullness; plumpness;
rotundity.</syn>

<hw>Round"ridge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To form into round ridges by
plowing.</def>

<au>B. Edwards.</au>

<hw>Round"-shoul`dered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the shoulders stooping or projecting;
round-backed.</def>

<hw>Rounds"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Roundsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A patrolman;
also, a policeman who acts as an inspector over the rounds of the
patrolmen.</def>

<hw>Round"top`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so
called because formerly round in shape.</def>

<hw>Round"-up`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
collecting or gathering together scattered cattle by riding
around them and driving them in.</def> <mark>[Western
U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Roun"dure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rondure</er>.]</ety> <def>Roundness; a round or circle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Round"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A nematoid worm.</def>

<hw>Round"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Round.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>

<hw>Roup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
hr<?/pan to cry out, G. <ets>rufen</ets>, Goth.
<ets>hr<?/pian</ets>. Cf. <er>Roop</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry or
shout; hence, to sell by auction.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<au>Jamieson.</au>

<hw>Roup</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An outcry; hence, a
sale of gods by auction.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<au>Jamieson.</au>

<q>To <qex>roup</qex>, that is, the sale of his crops, was
over.</q>
<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disease in poultry. See <er>Pip</er>.</def>

<hw>Rous"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(her.)</fld>
<def>Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising;
also, sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed.</def>

<hw>Rouse</hw> <pr>(rouz <or/ rous)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos>
<ety>[Perhaps the same word as <ets>rouse</ets> to start up,
\'bdbuckle to.\'b8]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pull or haul
strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance
of mechanical appliances.</def>

<hw>Rouse</hw> <pr>(rouz)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>roes</ets> drunkeness, icel. <ets>r<?/ss</ets>, Sw.
<ets>rus</ets>, G. <ets>rauchen</ets>, and also E.
<ets>rouse</ets>, v.t., <ets>rush</ets>, v.i. Cf. <er>Row</er> a
disturbance.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bumper in honor of a toast
or health.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic.</def>

<q>Fill the cup, and fill the can,
Have a <qex>rouse</qex> before the morn.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<hw>Rouse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Roused</er> <pr>(rouzd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably of Scan.
origin; cf. Sw. <ets>rusa</ets> to rush, Dan. <ets>ruse</ets>,
AS. <ets>hre\'a2san</ets> to fall, rush. Cf. <er>Rush</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to start from a
covert or lurking place; <as>as, to <ex>rouse</ex> a deer or
other animal of the chase</as>.</def>

<q>Like wild boars late <qex>roused</qex> out of the brakes.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q><qex>Rouse</qex> the fleet hart, and cheer the opening
hound.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wake from sleep or repose; <as>as, to
<ex>rouse</ex> one early or suddenly</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To excite to lively thought or action from a
state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; <as>as,
to <ex>rouse</ex> the faculties, passions, or
emotions</as>.</def>

<q>To <qex>rouse</qex> up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in
Christendom.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate.</def>

<q>Blustering winds, which all night long
Had <qex>roused</qex> the sea.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To raise; to make erect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser. Shak.</au>

<hw>Rouse</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To get or start
up; to rise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Night's black agents to their preys do <qex>rouse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To awake from sleep or repose.</def>

<q>Morpheus <qex>rouses</qex> from his bed.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be exited to thought or action from a state
of indolence or inattention.</def>

<hw>Rous"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, rouses.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something very exciting or great.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <def>A stirrer in a copper for
boiling wort.</def>

<hw>Rous"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having power to awaken or excite; exciting.</def>

<q>I begin to feel
Some <qex>rousing</qex> motions in me.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Very great; violent; astounding; <as>as, a
<ex>rousing</ex> fire; a <ex>rousing</ex> lie</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hw>Rous"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rousing
manner.</def>

<hw>Rous*sette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; -- so
called in allusion to the color. See <er>Russet</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fruit bat, especially
the large species (<spn>Pieropus vulgaris</spn>) inhabiting the
islands of the Indian ocean.  It measures about a yard across the
expanded wings.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small shark of the
genus <spn>Scyllium</spn>; -- called also
<altname>dogfish</altname>. See <er>Dogfish</er>.</def>

<hw>Roust</hw> <pr>(roust)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To rouse;
to disturb; <as>as, to <ex>roust</ex> one out</as>.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Roust</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>r\'94st</ets>
an estuary.]</ety> <def>A strong tide or current, especially in a
narrow channel.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rost</asp>, and
<asp>roost</asp>.]</altsp>

<au>Jamieson.</au>

<hw>Roust"a*bout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a
river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and
the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives
by chance jobs.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Rout</hw> <pr>(rout)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>hr<umac/tan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To roar; to bellow; to snort;
to snore loudly.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bellowing; a shouting; noise;
clamor; uproar; disturbance; tumult.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<q>This new book the whole world makes such a <qex>rout</qex>
about.</q>
<qau>Sterne.</qau>

<q>\'bdMy child, it is not well,\'b8 I said,
\'bdAmong the graves to shout;
To laugh and play among the dead,
And make this noisy <qex>rout</qex>.\'b8</q>
<qau>Trench.</qau>

<hw>Rout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[A variant of
<ets>root</ets>.]</ety> <def>To scoop out with a gouge or other
tool; to furrow.</def>

<cs><col>To rout out</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To turn up to view,
as if by rooting; to discover; to find</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
turn out by force or compulsion; as, <xex>to rout<xex> people
<xex>out<xex> of bed</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hw>Rout</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To search or root in the
ground, as a swine.</def>

<au>Edwards.</au>

<hw>Rout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>route</ets>, LL.
<ets>rupta</ets>, properly, a breaking, fr. L. <ets>ruptus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>rumpere</ets> to break. See <er>Rupture</er>,
<er>reave</er>, and cf. <er>Rote</er> repetition of forms,
<er>Route</er>. In some senses this word has been confused with
<ets>rout</ets> a bellowing, an uproar.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly
spelled also <asp>route</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A troop;
a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling company
or throng.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>route</xex> of
ratones [rats].\'b8 <au>Piers Plowman.</au>  \'bdA great solemn
<xex>route</xex>.\'b8 <au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>And ever he rode the hinderest of the <qex>route</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>A <qex>rout</qex> of people there assembled were.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence,
the rabble; the herd of common people.</def>

<q>the endless <qex>routs</qex> of wretched thralls.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<q>The ringleader and head of all this <qex>rout</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Nor do I name of men the common <qex>rout</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being disorganized and thrown into
confusion; -- said especially of an army defeated, broken in
pieces, and put to flight in disorder or panic; also, the act of
defeating and breaking up an army; <as>as, the <ex>rout</ex> of
the enemy was complete</as>.</def>

<q>thy army . . . 
Dispersed in <qex>rout</qex>, betook them all to fly.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>

<q>To these giad conquest, murderous <qex>rout</qex> to
those.</q>
<qau>pope.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A disturbance of the peace by
persons assembled together with intent to do a thing which, if
executed, would make them rioters, and actually making a motion
toward the executing thereof.</def>

<au>Wharton.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>A fashionable assembly, or large evening
party.</def> \'bdAt <xex>routs</xex> and dances.\'b8

<au>Landor.</au>

<cs><col>To put to rout</col>, <cd>to defeat and throw into
confusion; to overthrow and put to flight.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Routed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Routing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To break the ranks of, as
troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to rout.</def>

<q>That party . . . that charged the Scots, so totally
<qex>routed</qex> and defeated their whole army, that they
fied.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To defeat; discomfit; overpower; overthrow.</syn>

<hw>Rout</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To assemble in a crowd,
whether orderly or disorderly; to collect in company.</def>
<mark>[obs.]</mark>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<q>In all that land no Christian[s] durste <qex>route</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Route</hw> <pr>(r<oomac/t <or/  rout; 277)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. & F. <ets>route</ets>, OF.
<ets>rote</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rupta</ets> (sc. <ets>via</ets>),
fr. <ets>ruptus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>rumpere</ets> to break;
hence, literally, a broken or beaten way or path. See
<er>Rout</er>, and cf. <er>Rut</er> a track.]</ety> <def>The
course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a
passing; a course; a road or path; a march.</def>

<q>Wide through the furzy field their <qex>route</qex> they
take.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>

<hw>Rout"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plane made like a spokeshave, for working the
inside edges of circular sashes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plane
with a hooked tool protruding far below the sole, for smoothing
the bottom of a cavity.</def>

<hw>Routhe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ruth;
sorrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rou"ti*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Involving,
or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; customary.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Emerson.</au>

<hw>Rou*tine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>route</ets> a path, way, road. See <er>Route</er>,
<er>Rote</er>repetition.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A round of
business, amusement, or pleasure, daily or frequently pursued;
especially, a course of business or offical duties regularly or
frequently returning.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any regular course of action or procedure
rigidly adhered to by the mere force of habit.</def>

<hw>Rou*tin""ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>the
practice of doing things with undiscriminating, mechanical
regularity.</def>

<hw>Rou*tin"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who habituated to a
routine.</def>

<hw>Rout"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Uproarious;
riotous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rout"ous*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>With that violation of law called a rout.
See 5th <er>Rout</er>, 4.</def>

<hw>\'d8Roux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. beurre
<ets>roux</ets> brown butter.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A
thickening, made of flour, for soups and gravies.</def>

<-- p. 1256 -->

<hw>Rove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[perhaps fr. or
akin to <ets>reeve</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw through
an eye or aperture.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw out into falkes; to card, as wool.</def>

<au>Jamieson.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers
of wool or cotton, and twist slightly before spinning.</def>

<hw>Rove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
copper washer upon which the end of a nail is clinched in boat
building.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and
<?/lighty twisted, preparatory to futher process; a roving.</def>

<hw>Rove</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Roved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Roving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>rooven</ets> to
rob; akin to E. <ets>reave</ets>. See <er>Reave Rob</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To practice robbery on the seas;to wander about
on the seas in piracy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Hakluyt.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go,
move, or pass without certain direction in any manner, by
sailing, walking, riding, flying, or otherwise.</def>

<q>For who has power to walk has power to <qex>rove</qex>.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Archery)</fld> <def>To shoot at rovers; hence,
to shoot at an angle of elevation, not at point-blank (rovers
usually being beyond the point-blank range).</def>

<q>Fair Venusson that with thy cruel dart
At that good knoght cunningly didst <qex>rove</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- To wander; roam; range; ramble stroll.</syn>

<hw>Rove</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wander over
or through.</def>

<q><qex>Roving</qex> the field, i chanced
A goodly tree far distant to behold.</q>
<qau>milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two
furrows together.</def>

<hw>Rove</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of wandering; a
ramble.</def>

<q>In thy nocturnal <qex>rove</qex> one moment halt.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>

<cs><col>Rove beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of beetles of the family
<spn>Staphylinid\'91</spn>, having short elytra beneath which the
wings are folded transversely.  They are rapid runners, and
seldom fly.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rov"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>roover</ets> a robber. See <er>Rove</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who practices robbery on the
seas; a pirate.</def>

<q>Yet Pompey the Great deserveth honor more justly for scouring
the seas, and taking from the <qex>rovers</qex> 846 sail of
ships.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who wanders about by sea or land; a
wanderer; a rambler.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, a fickle, inconstant person.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Croquet)</fld> <def>A ball which has passed
through all the hoops and would go out if it hit the stake but is
continued in play; also, the player of such a ball.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Archery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Casual marks
at uncertain distances.</def>

<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sort of arrow</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>All sorts, flights, <qex>rovers</qex>, and butt shafts.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>

<cs><col>At rovers</col>, <cd>at casual marks; hence, at random;
<as>as, shooting <ex>at rovers<ex>. See def. 5 <sd>(a)</sd>
above</as>.</cd> <au>Addison.</au>

<q>Bound down on every side with many bands because it shall not
run <qex>at rovers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>
</cs>

<hw>Rov"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The operatin of
forming the rove, or slightly twisted sliver or roll of wool or
cotton, by means of a machine for the purpose, called a
<xex>roving frame</xex>, or <xex>roving machine</xex>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and
slightly twisted; a rove. See 2d <er>Rove</er>, 2.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Roving frame</col>, <col>Roving
machine</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine for drawing and twisting
roves and twisting roves and winding them on bobbin for the
spinning machine.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rov"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who roves or
wanders.</def>

<hw>Rov"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a wandering
manner.</def>

<hw>Rov"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of
roving.</def>

<hw>Row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rough</er>.]</ety> <def>Rough; stern; angry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdLock he never so <xex>row</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Row</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>rouse</ets>,
n.]</ety> <def>A noisy, turbulent quarrel or disturbance; a
brawl.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Byron.</au>

<hw>Row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rowe</ets>, <ets>rawe</ets>, <ets>rewe</ets>, AS.
<ets>r\'bew</ets>, <ets>r<?/w</ets>; probably akin to D.
<ets>rij</ets>, G. <ets>reihe</ets>; cf. Skr.
<ets>r<?/kh\'be</ets> a line, stroke.]</ety> <def>A series of
persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a
file; <as>as, a <ex>row</ex> of trees; a <ex>row</ex> of houses
or columns</as>.</def>

<q>And there were windows in three <qex>rows</qex>.</q>
<qau>1 Kings vii. 4.</qau>

<q>The bright seraphim in burning <qex>row</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<cs><col>Row culture</col> <fld>(Agric.)</fld>, <cd>the practice
of cultivating crops in drills.</cd> -- <col>Row of points</col>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the points on a line, infinite in number,
as the points in which a pencil of rays is intersected by a
line.</cd></cs>

<hw>Row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Rowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r<?/wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>roeijen</ets>, MHG.
<ets>r\'81ejen</ets>, Dan. <ets>roe</ets>, Sw. <ets>ro</ets>,
Icel. <ets>r<?/a</ets>, L. <ets>remus</ets> oar, Gr. <?/, Skr.
<ets>aritra</ets>. <root/8.  Cf. <er>Rudder</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along
the surface of water; <as>as, to <ex>row</ex> a boat</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To transport in a boat propelled with oars;
<as>as, to <ex>row</ex> the captain ashore in his
barge</as>.</def>

<hw>Row</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use the oar;
<as>as, to <ex>row</ex> well</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be moved by oars; <as>as, the boat
<ex>rows</ex> easily</as>.</def>

<hw>Row</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of rowing; excursion in
a rowboat.</def>

<hw>Row"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may be
rowed, or rowed upon.</def> \'bdThat long barren fen, once
<xex>rowable</xex>.\'b8

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Row"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rowan
tree.</def>

<cs><col>Rowan barry</col>, <cd>a barry of the rowan
tree.</cd></cs>

<hw>Row"an tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>r\'94nn</ets>, Dan. <ets>r\'94nne</ets>, Icel.
<ets>reynir</ets>, and L. <ets>ornus</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A european tree (<spn>Pyrus
aucuparia</spn>) related to the apple, but with pinnate leaves
and flat corymbs of small white flowers followed by little bright
red berries.  Called also <altname>roan tree</altname>, and
<altname>mountain ash</altname>.  The name is also applied to two
American trees of similar habit (<spn>Pyrus Americana</spn>, and
<spn>P. sambucifolia</spn>).</def>

<hw>Row"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boat
designed to be propelled by oars instead of sails.</def>

<hw>Row"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rowdies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Rout</er>,
or Row a brawl.]</ety> <def>One who engages in rows, or noisy
quarrels; a ruffianly fellow.</def>

<au>M. Arnold.</au>

<hw>Row"dy*dow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hubbub;
uproar.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark>

<hw>Row"dy*dow`dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Uproarious.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark>

<hw>Row"dy*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a rowdy in
temper or conduct; characteristic of a rowdy.</def>

<hw>Row"dy*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>the conduct
of a rowdy.</def>

<hw>Rowed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed into a
row, or rows; having a row, or rows; <as>as, a
twelve-<ex>rowed</ex> ear of corn</as>.</def>

<hw>Row"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>roele</ets>, <ets>rouele</ets>, properly, a little wheel, F.
<ets>rouelle</ets> collop, slice, LL. <ets>rotella</ets> a little
wheel, dim. of L. <ets>rota</ets> a wheel. See <er>Roll</er>, and
cf. <er>Rota</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The little wheel of a
spur, with sharp points.</def>

<q>With sounding whip, and <qex>rowels</qex> dyed in blood.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A little flat ring or wheel on horses'
bits.</def>

<q>The iron <qex>rowels</qex> into frothy foam he bit.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A roll of hair, silk, etc.,
passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human
surgery.</def>

<hw>Row"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Roweled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Rowelled</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Roweling</er> or
<er>Rowelling</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>To insert
a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a
horse).</def>

<au>Mortimer.</au>

<hw>Row"el bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>rewel
bone</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Row"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. E.
<ets>rough</ets>, OE. <ets>row</ets>, <ets>rowe</ets>.]</ety>
[Called also <altname>rowet</altname>, <altname>rowett</altname>,
<altname>rowings</altname>, <altname>roughings</altname>.]
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A stubble field left unplowed till late in the
autumn, that it may be cropped by cattle.</def>

<q>Turn your cows, that give milk, into your <qex>rowens</qex>
till snow comes.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The second growth of grass in a season;
aftermath.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Row"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who rows
with an oar.</def>

<hw>Row"ett</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rowen</er>.</def>

<hw>Row"lock</hw> <pr>(? <it>colloq.</it> <?/)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>oarlock</ets>; AS.
\'b5<ets>rloc</ets>, where the second part is skin to G.
<ets>loch</ets> a hole, E. <ets>lock</ets> a fastening. See
<er>Oar</er>, and <er>Lock</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A
contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in
rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a
boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on
the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing
through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the
gunwale and suporting the oar.</def>

<hw>Rown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>see
<er>Roun</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Row"port</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>An opening in the side of small vessels of war, near the
surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm weather.</def>

<hw>Rox"burgh</hw> <pr>(?; Scot. <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[From the third duke of <ets>Roxburgh</ets> (Scotland), a
noted book collector who had his books so bound.]</ety> <def>A
style of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather, the
sides paper or cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front and
bottom left uncut.</def>

<hw>Roy</hw> <pr>(roi)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>roi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A king.</def> <mark>[obs.]</mark>

<hw>Roy</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Royal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Roy"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>roial</ets>, <ets>riall</ets>, <ets>real</ets>, OF.
<ets>roial</ets>. <ets>reial</ets>, F. <ets>royal</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>regalis</ets>, fr. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, king.
See <er>Rich</er>, and cf. <er>regal</er>, <er>real</er> a coin,
<er>Rial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Kingly; pertaining to the
crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal;
<as>as, <ex>royal</ex> power or prerogative; <ex>royal</ex>
domains; the <ex>royal</ex> family; <ex>royal</ex>
state</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Noble; generous; magnificent; princely.</def>

<q>How doth that <qex>royal</qex> merchant, good Antonio?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Under the patronage of royality; holding a
charter granted by the sovereign; <as>as, the <ex>Royal</ex>
Academy of Arts; the <ex>Royal</ex> Society</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Battle royal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Battle</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Royal bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the classic laurel
(<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>.)</cd> -- <col>Royal eagle</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Golden eagle</cref>, under
<er>Golden</er>.</cd> -- <col>Royal fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>the handsome fern <spn>Osmunda regalis</spn>. See
<er>Osmund</er>.</cd> -- <col>Royal mast</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the mast next above the topgallant mast
and usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The <xex>royal
yard<xex> and <xex>royal sail<xex> are attached to the <xex>royal
mast<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Royal metal</col>, <cd>an old name for
gold.</cd> -- <col>Royal palm</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
magnificent West Indian palm tree (<spn>Oreodoxa regia</spn>),
lately discovered also in Florida.</cd> -- <col>Royal
pheasant</col>. <cd>See <er>Curassow</er>.</cd> -- <col>Royal
purple</col>, <cd>an intense violet color, verging toward
blue.</cd> -- <col>Royal tern</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
large, crested American tern (<spn>Sterna maxima</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Royal tiger</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Tiger</er>.</cd> -- <col>Royal touch</col>, <cd>the touching
of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with the view of
restoring to health; -- formerly extensively practiced,
particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike;
princely; august; majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble;
magnanimous.</syn>

<hw>Roy"al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Printing and
writing papers of particular sizes. See under <er>paper</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small sail immediately
above the topgallant sail.</def>

<au>Totten.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the upper or distal
branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the
antlers of a stag.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A small mortar.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the soldiers of the
first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the
<xex>Royals</xex>, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in
Europe; -- now called the <xex>Royal Scots</xex>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>An old English coin. See <er>Rial</er>.</def>

<hw>Roy"al*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A petty or
powerless king.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>there were at this time two other <qex>royalets</qex>, as only
kings by his leave.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>

<hw>Roy"al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>royalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>the principles or conduct of
royalists.</def>

<hw>Roy"al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>royaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An adherent of a king (as of
Charles I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one
attached to monarchical government.</def>

<q>Where Ca'ndish fought, the <qex>Royalists</qex> prevailed.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>

<hw>Roy`al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of making loyal to a king.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Saintsbury.</au>

<hw>Roy"al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>to make
royal.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Roy"al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a royal
or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.</def>

<q>His body shall be <qex>royally</qex> interred.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Roy"al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Royalties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OF.
<ets>roialt\'82</ets>, <ets>royault\'82</ets>, F.
<ets>royaut\'82</ets>. See <er>Royal</er>, and cf.
<er>Regality</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being
royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship;
kingly office; sovereignty.</def>

<q><qex>Royalty</qex> by birth was the sweetest way of
majesty.</q>
<qau>Holyday.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The person of a king or sovereign; majesty;
<as>as, in the presence of <ex>royalty</ex></as>.</def>

<q>For thus his <qex>royalty</qex> doth speak.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural,
meaning <xex>regalia</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Wherefore do I assume
These <qex>royalties</qex>, and not refuse to reign?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Kingliness; spirit of regal authority.</def>

<q>In his <qex>royalty</qex> of nature
Reigns that which would be fear'd.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Domain; province; sphere.</def>

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which is due to a sovereign, as a
seigniorage on gold and silver coined at the mint, metals taken
from mines, etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share;
imperiality.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>A share of the product or profit (as of a mine,
forest, etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to
use the property.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Hence <fld>(Com.)</fld>, a duty paid by a
manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain
rate for each article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the
owner of an article by one who hires the use of it.</def>

<hw>Royne</hw> <pr>(roin)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rogner</ets>, OF. <ets>rooignier</ets>, to clip, pare,
scare, fr. L. <ets>rotundus</ets> round See
<er>Rotund</er>.]</ety> <def>To bite; to gnaw.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>roin</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Royn"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rogneux</ets>,
from <ets>rogne</ets> scab, mange, itch.]</ety> <def>Mangy;
scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>roinish</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe
<xex>roynish</xex> clown.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Roys"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Roys"ter*er</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>same as
<er>Roister</er>, <er>Roisterer</er>.</def>

<hw>Roys"ton crow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from
<ets>Royston</ets>, a town in England.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Hooded crow</cref>, under
<er>Hooded</er>.</def>

<hw>Roy"te*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>roitelet</ets>, dim. of <ets>roi</ets> king.]</ety> <def>A
little king.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<au>Heylin.  Bancroft.</au>

<hw>Roy"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Prob. for
<ets>riotish</ets>, from <ets>riot</ets>, like Scot.
<ets>roytous</ets> for <ets>riotous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wild;
irregular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Rubbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably of Celtic
origin; cf. W. <ets>rhwbiaw</ets>, gael. <ets>rub</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To subject (a body) to the action of something
moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to
the action of something moving back and forth; <as>as, to
<ex>rub</ex> the flesh with the hand; to <ex>rub</ex> wood with
sandpaper</as>.</def>

<q>It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to
<qex>rub</qex> the body with a coarse linen cloth.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Elyot.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move over the surface of (a body) with
pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; <as>as, the boat
<ex>rubs</ex> the ground</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause (a body) to move with pressure and
friction along a surface; <as>as, to <ex>rub</ex> the hand over
the body</as>.</def>

<q>Two bones <qex>rubbed</qex> hard against one another.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To spread a substance thinly over; to
smear.</def>

<q>The smoothed plank, . . .
New <qex>rubbed</qex> with balm.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to
cleanse; -- often with <xex>up</xex> or <xex>over</xex>; <as>as,
to <ex>rub</ex> up silver</as>.</def>

<q>The whole business of our redemption is to <qex>rub</qex> over
the defaced copy of the creation.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To hinder; to cross; to thwart.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>'T is the duke's pleasure,
Whose disposition, all the world well knows,
Will not be <qex>rubbed</qex> nor stopped.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<cs><col>To rub down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To clean by rubbing;
to comb or curry; as, <xex>to down<xex> a horse</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, <xex>to rub
down<xex> the rough points.</cd> -- <col>To rub off</col>, <cd>to
clean anything by rubbing; to separate by friction; <as>as,
<ex>to rub off<ex> rust</as>.</cd> -- <col>To rub out</col>,
<cd>to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to obliterate;
<as>as, <ex>to rub out<ex> a mark or letter; <ex>to rub out<ex> a
stain</as>.</cd> -- <col>To rub up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
burnish; to polish; to clean</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To excite; to
awaken; to rouse to action; <as>as, <ex>to rub up<ex> the
memory</as>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rub</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move along the
surface of a body with pressure; to grate; <as>as, a wheel
<ex>rubs</ex> against the gatepost</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fret; to chafe; <as>as, to <ex>rub</ex> upon
a sore</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move or pass with difficulty; <as>as, to
<ex>rub</ex> through woods, as huntsmen; to <ex>rub</ex> through
the world</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To rub along</col> or <col>on</col></mcol>, <cd>to
go on with difficulty; <as>as, they manage, with strict economy,
<ex>to rub along</ex></as>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hw>Rub</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>rhwb</ets>. See
Rub, v,t,]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rubbing;
friction.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or
obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an
impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to
overcome; a pinch.</def>

<q>Every <qex>rub</qex> is smoothed on our way.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the
<qex>rub</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Upon this <qex>rub</qex>, the English ambassadors thought fit
to demur.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>

<q>One knows not, certainly, what other <qex>rubs</qex> might
have been ordained for us by a wise Providence.</q>
<qau>W. Besant.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the
game of bowls; unevenness.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm;
joke; <as>as, a hard <ex>rub</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Imperfection; failing; fault.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>A chance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Flight shall leave no Greek a <qex>rub</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting
tools; a whetstone; -- called also
<altname>rubstone</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Rub iron</col>, <cd>an iron guard on a wagon body,
against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rub"a-dub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The sound of
a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a clamorous, repeated
sound; a clatter.</def>

<q>The <qex>rubadub</qex> of the abolition presses.</q>
<qau>D. Webster.</qau>

<-- p. 1257 -->

<hw>\'d8Ru*ba"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Robbed; borrowed.</def>

<cs><col>\'d8Temple rubato</col>. <ety>[It.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>Borrowed time; -- a term applied to a style
of performance in which some tones are held longer than their
legitimate time, while others are proportionally
curtailed.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rub"bage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Rubbish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rub"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, rubs.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or
cleaning.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A coarse file, or the rough
part of a file.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A whetstone; a
rubstone.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An eraser, usually made of
caoutchouc.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The cushion of an electrical
machine.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>One who performs massage,
especially in a Turkish bath.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>Something
that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the
feelings; a sarcasm; a rub.</def>

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the
third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players;
<as>as, to play the <ex>rubber</ex></as>; also, a contest
determined by the winning of two out of three games; <as>as, to
play a <ex>rubber</ex> of whist</as>.</def>
<au>Beaconsfield.</au>  \'bdA <xex>rubber</xex> of cribbage.\'b8
<au>Dickens.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>India rubber; caoutchouc.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>An overshoe made of India rubber.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<-- 5. A condom. [Colloq.] -->

<cs><col>Antimony rubber</col>, <cd>an elastic durable variety of
vulcanized caoutchouc of a red color. It contains antimony
sulphide as an important constituent.</cd> -- <col>Hard
rubber</col>, <cd>a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly
resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc.</cd> -- <col>India
rubber</col>, <cd>caoutchouc. See <er>Caoutchouc</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rubber cloth</col>, <cd>cloth covered with caoutchouc for
excluding water or moisture.</cd> -- <col>Rubber dam</col>
<fld>(Dentistry)</fld>, <cd>a shield of thin sheet rubber clasped
around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rub"bidge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Rubbish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>

<hw>Rub"bing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from <er>Rub</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>

<hw>Rub"bish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>robows</ets>, <ets>robeux</ets>, rubble, originally an Old
French plural from an assumed dim. of <ets>robe</ets>, probably
in the sense of trash; cf. It. <ets>robaccia</ets> trash,
<ets>roba</ets> stuff, goods, wares, robe.  Thus, etymologically
<ets>rubbish</ets> is the pl. of <ets>rubble</ets>. See
<er>Robe</er>, and cf. <er>Rubble</er>.]</ety> <def>Waste or
rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash;
especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings;
ruins; d\'82bris.</def>

<q>What <qex>rubbish</qex> and what offal!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>he saw the town's one half in <qex>rubbish</qex> lie.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<cs><col>Rubbish pulley</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gin block</cref>,
under <er>Gin</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rub"bish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy.</def>

<au>De Quincey.</au>

<hw>Rub"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From an
assumed Old French dim. of <ets>robe</ets> See
<er>Rubbish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Water-worn or rough
broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to
fill up between the facing courses of walls.</def>

<q>Inside [the wall] there was <qex>rubble</qex> or mortar.</q>
<qau>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a
quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion
of a mass of stone; brash.</def>

<au>Brande & C.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mass or stratum of
fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the
neighboring rock.</def>

<au>Lyell.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The whole of the bran of wheat
before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc.</def>
<mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<au>Simmonds.</au>

<cs><col>Coursed rubble</col>, <cd>rubble masonry in which
courses are formed by leveling off the work at certain
heights.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rub"ble*stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rubble</er>, 1 and 2.</def>

<hw>Rub"ble*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Masonry
constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in size and
shape.</def>

<hw>Rub"bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to, or
containing, rubble.</def>

<hw>Ru*bed"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubedo</ets> redness, fr. <ets>rubere</ets> to be
red.]</ety> <def>Reddish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>M. Stuart.</au>

<hw>Ru`be*fa"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubefaciens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>rubefacere</ets> to make
red; <ets>rubere</ets> to be red + <ets>facere</ets> to
make.]</ety> <def>Making red.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An external application which produces
redness of the skin.</def></def2>

<hw>Ru`be*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
or process of making red.</def>

<hw>Ru"be*let</hw> <pr>(r<udd/"b<esl/*l<ecr/t)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A little ruby.</def>

<au>Herrick.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ru*bel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
L. <ets>rubellus</ets> reddish.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An
acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption
resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms;
-- called also <altname>German measles</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ru*bell"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubellus</ets> reddish.]</ety> <def>A red color used in
enameling.</def>

<au>Weale.</au>

<hw>Ru"bel*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubellus</ets> reddish, dim. of <ets>ruber</ets> red.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of tourmaline varying in color
from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ru*be"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>ruber</ets> red.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>the measles.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Rubella.</def>

<hw>Ru`ber*y*thrin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruber</ets> red + <ets>erythrin</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance
from which alizarin is obtained.</def>

<hw>Ru*bes"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush.</def>

<hw>Ru*bes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>rubescere</ets> to grow red, v. incho from <ets>rubere</ets>
to be red: cf. F. <ets>rubescent</ets>. See <er>Ruby</er>.]</ety>
<def>Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.</def>

<hw>Ru`bi*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubia</ets> madder, fr. <ets>rubeus</ets> red.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a very large natural
order of plants (<spn>Rubiace\'91</spn>) named after the madder
(<spn>Rubia tinctoria</spn>), and including about three hundred
and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are
the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine,
the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible
fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants
noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms.</def>

<hw>Ru"bi*a*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubia</ets> madder, fr. <ets>rubeus</ets> red.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem)</fld> <def>A substance found in madder root, and
probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.</def>

<hw>Ru"bi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubia</ets> madder, fr. <ets>rubeus</ets> red.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of several color-producing glycosides
found in madder root.</def>

<hw>Ru`bi*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>pertaining to, or derived from, rubian;
specifically, designating an acid called also
<altname>ruberythrinic</altname> acid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ru" bi*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
ribble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ru"bi*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of
white or gray especially on the flanks; -- said of horses.</def>

<au>Smart.</au>

<hw>Ru"bi*celle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rubacelle</ets>, <ets>rubicelle</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>rubeus</ets> red, reddish.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A
variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil.</def>

<hw>Ru"bi*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anc.
geog.)</fld> <def>A small river which separated Italy from
Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius C\'91sar.</def>

<note><hand/ By leading an army across this river, contrary to
the prohibition of the civil government at Rome, C\'91sar
precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey
and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the phrase <xex>to
pass</xex> or <xex>cross the Rubicon</xex> signifies to take the
decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise
from which there is no retreat.</note>

<hw>Ru"bi*cund</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubicundus</ets>, fr. <ets>rubere</ets> to be red, akin to
<ets>ruber</ets> red. See <er>Red</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclining to
redness; ruddy; red.</def> \'bdHis <xex>rubicund</xex> face.\'b8

<au>Longfellow.</au>

<hw>Ru`bi*cun"di*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>rubicunditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being rubicund; ruddiness.</def>

<q>To parade your <qex>rubicundity</qex> and gray hairs.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>

<hw>Ru*bid"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium.</def>

<hw>Ru"bi*dine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base homologous with
pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid,
<chform>C11H17N</chform>; also, any one of the group od metameric
compounds of which rubidine is the type.</def>

<hw>Ru*bid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
L. <ets>rubidus</ets> red, fr. <ets>rubere</ets> to be red. So
called from two <ets>dark red</ets> spectroscopic lines by means
of which it was discovered in the lepidolite from Rozena,
Moravia. See <er>Rubicund</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small
quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft
yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its
properties.  Symbol Rb.  Atomic weight, 85.2.</def>

<hw>Ru*bif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruber</ets> red + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety>
<def>Making red; <as>as, <ex>rubific</ex> rays</as>.</def>

<au>Grew.</au>

<hw>Ru`bi*fca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rubification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making red.</def>

<au>Howell.</au>

<hw>Ru"bi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruber</ets> red + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the
nature or quality of red; <as>as, the <ex>rubiform</ex> rays of
the sun</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sir I. newton.</au>

<hw>Ru"bi*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rub\'82fier</ets>. See <er>Rubific</er>.]</ety> <def>To
redden.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdWaters
<xex>rubifying</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ru*big"i*nose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ru*big"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>rubiginosus</ets>, fr. <ets>rubigo</ets>,
<ets>robigo</ets>, rust: cf. F. <ets>rubigineux</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the appearance or color of iron
rust; rusty-looking.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ru*bi"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubigo</ets>, <ets>robigo</ets>, rust of metals, rust,
blight.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>same as <er>Rust</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>

<hw>Ru"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.
<ets>rubinus</ets>, It. <ets>rubino</ets>. See
<er>Ruby</er>.]</ety> <def>A ruby.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Ru"bi*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubeus</ets>, fr. <ets>rubere</ets> to be red. See
<er>Rouge</er>.]</ety> <def>Red; ruddy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ru`bi*re"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rubi</ets>an + Gr. <?/ resin.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the red dye products extracted
from madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic
acid.</def>

<hw>Ru"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>ruble</ets>.]</ety> <def>The unit of monetary value in
Russia. <-- and, 1917-1992, in the Soviet Union --> It is divided
into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the
five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver
ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rouble</asp>.]</altsp><-- After the severe inflation of
1992-1996, the ruble is now exchanged at 5000 rubles to the
dollar.  Th Kopeck is no longer minted or used in trade, the
smallest coin (1996) being the ruble. -->

<hw>Ru"bric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rubriche</ets>, OF. <ets>rubriche</ets>, F.
<ets>rubrique</ets> ( cf. it. <ets>rubrica</ets>), fr. L.
<ets>rubrica</ets> red earth for coloring, red chalk, the title
of a law (because written in red), fr. <ets>ruber</ets> red. See
<er>red</er>.]</ety> <def>That part of any work in the early
manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish
it from other portions.</def> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date
and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when
printed in red.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Law books)</fld>
<def>The title of a statute; -- so called as being anciently
written in red letters.</def> <au>Bell.</au> <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Liturgies)</fld> <def>The directions and rules for the
conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence,
also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in
the plural</def>.

<q>All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to
observe the <qex>rubrics</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hook.</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Hence, that which is established or settled, as
by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed</def>.

<au>Cowper.</au>

<q>Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions
before Christianity.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<-- category, class, classification
  under the rubric of, (See def. (b)) in the category of -->

<hw>Ru"bric</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adorn ith red; to
redden; to rubricate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Johnson.</au>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ru"bric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ru"bric*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Colored in,
or marked with, red; placed in rubrics.</def>

<q>What though my name stood <qex>rubric</qex> on the walls
Or plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics.</def>
\'bd<xex>Rubrical</xex> eccentricities.\'b8

<au>C. Kingsley.</au>

<hw>Ru"bri*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rubricatus</ets> p.p. of <ets>rubricare</ets> to color red.
See <er>Rubric</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Marked with
red.</def>

<au>Sp<?/lmman.</au>

<hw>Ru"bri*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark
or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric; to
establish in a settled and unchangeable form.</def>

<au>Foxe.</au>

<q>A system . . . according to which the thoughts of men were to
be classed and <qex>rubricated</qex> forever after.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ru*bri"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ru"bri*cist</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled in, or
tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or rubrics.</def>

<hw>Ru*bric"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Redness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rub"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stone for
scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ru"bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of rosaceous plants, including the
raspberry and blackberry.</def>

<hw>Ru"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rubies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>rubis</ets>
(cf. Pr. <ets>robi</ets>), LL. <ets>rubinus</ets>,
<ets>robinus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rubeus</ets> red, reddish, akin
to <ets>ruber</ets>. See <er>Rouge</er>, <er>red</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A precious stone of a carmine
red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between
carmine and hyacinth red.  It is a red crystallized variety of
corundum.</def>

<note><hand/ Besides the true or <xex>Oriental ruby</xex> above
defined, there are the <xex>balas ruby</xex>, or <xex>ruby
spinel</xex>, a red variety of spinel, and the <xex>rock</xex>
ruby, a red variety of garnet.</note>
<-- artificially produced variants are used in jewelry and in
lasers. -->

<q>Of <qex>rubies</qex>, sapphires, and pearles white.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red
tint.</def>

<q>The natural <qex>ruby</qex> of your cheeks.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which has the color of the ruby, as red
wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>See <er>Agate</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of South
American humming birds of the genus <spn>Clytol\'91ma</spn>. The
males have a ruby-colored throat or breast.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ruby of arsenic</col>, <col>Ruby of
sulphur</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a glassy substance
of a red color and a variable composition, but always consisting
chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; -- called also
<altname>ruby sulphur</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ruby of zinc</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or
sphalerite.</cd> -- <col>Ruby silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>red silver. See under <er>Red</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ru"by</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ruby-colored; red; <as>as,
<ex>ruby</ex> lips</as>.</def>

<hw>Ru"by</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rubied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rubying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make red; to redden.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Ru"by*tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European gold wasp (<spn>Chrysis
ignita</spn>) which has the under side of the abdomen bright red,
and the other parts deep bluish green with a metallic luster. The
larva is parasitic in the nests of other wasps and of bees.</def>

<hw>Ru"by-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red.</def>

<hw>Ru"by*throat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of humming
birds belonging to <spn>Trochilus</spn>, <spn>Calypte</spn>,
<spn>Stellula</spn>, and allies, in which the male has on the
throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic
reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United
States (<spn>Trochilus colubris</spn>).</def>

<hw>Ru"by*wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>red
sandalwood. See under <er>Sandalwood</er>.</def>

<hw>Ru*cer"vine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Rucervus</ets>, the genus, fr. NL. <ets>Ru</ets>sa a certain
genus of deer (Malay <ets>r<?/sa</ets> deer) +
<ets>Cervus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, like, or
pertaining to, a deer of the genus <spn>Rucervus</spn>, which
includes the swamp deer of India.</def>

<hw>Ruche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ruche</ets> ruche, beehive, OF. <ets>rusche</ets> a beehive,
which was formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W.
<ets>rhisg</ets>, <ets>rhisgl</ets>, bark, gael. <ets>rusg</ets>
bark, rind.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A plaited, quilled, or
goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, -- used
in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women's
dresses and bonnets.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rouche</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain
oyster spawn.</def>

<hw>Ruch"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ruche, or ruches
collectively.</def>

<hw>Ruck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A roc.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Ruck</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rucked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel <ets>hrukkast</ets> to
wrinkle, <ets>hrukka</ets> wrinkle, fold.]</ety> <def>To draw
into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; <as>as, to
<ex>ruck</ex> up a carpet</as>.</def>

<au>Smart.</au>

<hw>Ruck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hrukka</ets>. Cf.
<er>Ruck</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A wrinkle or crease
in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.</def>

<hw>Ruck</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>ruge</ets> to
brood, to hatch.]</ety> <def>To cower; to huddle together; to
squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>

<au>Gower. South.</au>

<q>The sheep that <qex>rouketh</qex> in the fold.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<hw>Ruck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ruck</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A heap; a rick.</def> <mark>[Prov Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The common sort, whether persons or things;
<as>as, the <ex>ruck</ex> in a horse race</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<q>The <qex>ruck</qex> in society as a whole.</q>
<qau>Lond. Sat. Rev.</qau>

<hw>Ruc*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ructatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ructare</ets> to belch: cf. F.
<ets>ructation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of belching wind.</def>

<hw>Ruc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An uproar; a
quarrel; a noisy outbreak.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>

<hw>Rud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rudu</ets>, akin to <ets>re\'a0d</ets> red. <root/113.  See
<er>Red</er>, and cf. <er>Ruddy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Redness; blush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ruddle; red ocher.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The rudd.</def>

<hw>Rud</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make red.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rudd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rud</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water
European fish of the Carp family (<spn>Leuciscus
erythrophthalmus</spn>). It is about the size and shape of the
roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body,
and red irises. Called also <altname>redeye</altname>,
<altname>roud</altname>, <altname>finscale</altname>, and
<altname>shallow</altname>.  A blue variety is called
<stype>azurine</stype>, or <stype>blue roach</stype>.</def>

<hw>Rud"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A riddle or
sieve.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<-- p. 1258 -->

<hw>Rud"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rother</ets>, AS. <ets>r<omac/<edh/er</ets> a paddle; akin
to D. <ets>roer</ets> rudder, oar, G. <ets>ruder</ets>, OHG. 
<ets>roadar</ets>, Sw. <ets>roder</ets>, <ets>ror</ets>, Dan.
<ets>roer</ets>, <ets>ror</ets>. <root/ 8. See <er>Row</er> to
propel with an oar, and cf. <er>Rother</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The mechanical appliance by means of
which a vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad
and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank, and is
fastened in an upright position, usually by one edge, to the
sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it can be turned from
side to side in the water by means of a tiller, wheel, or other
attachment.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide
or governor; that which guides or governs the course.</def>

<q>For rhyme the <qex>rudder</qex> is of verses.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>

<cs><col>Balance rudder</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rudder
pivoted near the middle instead of at the edge, -- common on
sharpies.</cd> -- <col>Drop rudder</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>a rudder extending below the keel so as to be more effective
in steering.</cd> -- <col>Rudder chain</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>one of the loose chains or ropes which fasten the rudder to
the quarters to prevent its loss in case it gets unshipped, and
for operating it in case the tiller or the wheel is broken.</cd>
-- <col>Rudder coat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a covering of
tarred canvas used to prevent water from entering the
rudderhole.</cd> -- <col>Rudder fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The pilot fish</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The amber
fish (<spn>Seriola zonata</spn>), which is bluish having six
broad black bands</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A plain greenish black
American fish (<spn>Leirus perciformis</spn>); -- called also
<altname>black rudder fish</altname>, <altname>logfish</altname>,
and <altname>barrel fish</altname>. The name is also applied to
other fishes which follow vessels.</cd> -- <col>Rudder
pendants</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>ropes connected with the
rudder chains.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rud"der*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The upper end of the rudderpost, to which
the tiller is attashed.</def>

<hw>Rud"der*hole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The hole in the deck through which the
rudderpost passes.</def>

<hw>Rud"der*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a rudder.</def>

<hw>Rud"der*post</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The shank of a rudder, having the blade
at one end and the attachments for operating it at the
other.</def>

<hw>Rud"der*stock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The main part or blade of the rudder,
which is connected by hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of
a vessel.</def>

<hw>Rud"died</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made ruddy or
red.</def>

<hw>Rud"di*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ruddy
manner.</def>

<au>Byron.</au>

<hw>Rud"di*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being ruddy; <as>as, the <ex>ruddiness</ex> of the cheeks or the
sky</as>.</def>

<hw>Rud"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To raddle or
twist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rud"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A riddle or sieve.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Holland.</au>

<hw>Rud"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rud</er>; cf.
<er>Reddle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A species of red
earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher.</def>

<hw>Rud"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark with ruddle; to
raddle; to rouge.</def> \'bdTheir <xex>ruddled</xex> cheeks.\'b8

<au>Thackeray.</au>

<q>A fair sheep newly <qex>ruddled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lady M. W. Montagu.</qau>

<hw>Rud"dock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ruddic</ets>; cf. W. <ets>rhuddog</ets> the redbreast.
<root/113. See <er>Rud</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>raddock</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European robin.</def> \'bdThe tame
<xex>ruddock</xex> and the coward kite.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of gold money; -- probably because the
gold of coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also
<altname>red ruddock</altname>, and <altname>golden
ruddock</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Great pieces of gold . . . red <qex>ruddocks</qex>.</q>
<qau>Florio.</qau>

<hw>Rud"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Ruddier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Ruddiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rudig</ets>. See <er>Rud</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of a red color; red, or reddish; <as>as, a
<ex>ruddy</ex> sky; a <ex>ruddy</ex> flame</as>.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>They were more <qex>ruddy</qex> in body than rubies.</q>
<qau>Lam. iv. 7.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the
human skin in high health; <as>as, <ex>ruddy</ex> cheeks or
lips</as>.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<cs><col>Ruddy duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American
duck (<spn>Erismatura rubida</spn>) having a broad bill and a
wedge-shaped tail composed of stiff, sharp feathers. The adult
male is rich brownish red on the back, sides, and neck, black on
the top of the head, nape, wings, and tail, and white on the
cheeks. The female and young male are dull brown mixed with
blackish on the back; grayish below. Called also
<altname>dunbird</altname>, <altname>dundiver</altname>,
<altname>ruddy diver</altname>, <altname>stifftail</altname>,
<altname>spinetail</altname>, <altname>hardhead</altname>,
<altname>sleepy duck</altname>, <altname>fool duck</altname>,
<altname>spoonbill</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Ruddy
plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the sanderling.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rud"dy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make ruddy.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<hw>Rude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Ruder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Rudest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>rudis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Characterized by
roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement;
coarse.</def>

<q>Such gardening tools as art, yet <qex>rude</qex>, . . . had
formed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Unformed by
taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; --
said especially of material things; <as>as, <ex>rude</ex>
workmanship</as>.</def>  \'bd<xex>Rude</xex> was the cloth.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q><qex>Rude</qex> and unpolished stones.</q>
<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>

<q>The heaven-born child
All meanly wrapt in the <qex>rude</qex> manger lies.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank;
uncivil; clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; -- said of persons,
or of conduct, skill, and the like</def>. \'bdMine ancestors were
<xex>rude</xex>.\'b8
<-- impolite. -->

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>He was but <qex>rude</qex> in the profession of arms.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>

<q>the <qex>rude</qex> forefathers of the hamlet sleep.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement;
harsh; severe; -- said of the weather, of storms, and the like;
<as>as, the <ex>rude</ex> winter</as>.</def>

<q>[Clouds] pushed with winds, <qex>rude</qex> in their
shock.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>The <qex>rude</qex> agitation [of water] breaks it into
foam.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; -- said
of war, conflict, and the like; as, the <xex>rude</xex> shock of
armies</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Not finished or complete;
inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste;
unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; -- said of literature,
language, style, and the like</def>. \'bdThe <xex>rude</xex>
Irish books.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<q><qex>Rude</qex> am I in my speech.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Unblemished by my <qex>rude</qex> translation.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned;
rugged; artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic; coarse;
vulgar; clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught; illiterate;
ignorant; uncivil; impolite; saucy; impudent; insolent; surly;
currish; churlish; brutal; uncivilized; barbarous; savage;
violent; fierce; tumultuous; turbulent; impetuous; boisterous;
harsh; inclement; severe. See <er>Impertiment</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rude"ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rude"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ru"den*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
fr. L. <ets>rudens</ets> a rope.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>Cabling. See <er>Cabling</er>.</def>

<au>gwilt.</au>

<hw>Ru"de*ra*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruderarius</ets>, fr. <ets>rudus</ets>, <ets>ruderis</ets>,
stones crushed and mixed with lime, old rubbish.]</ety> <def>Of
or pertaining to rubbish..</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bailey.</au>

<hw>Rudes"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>An uncivil, turbulent fellow.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>R\'81"des*heim`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
German wine made near <xex>R\'81desheim</xex>, on the
Rhine.</def>

<hw>Ru"di*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rudimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>rudis</ets> unwrought, ignorant,
rude: cf. F. <ets>rudiment</ets>. See <er>Rude</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is unformed or undeveloped; the
principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an
unfinished beginning.</def>

<q>but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit
Those <qex>rudiments</qex>, and see before thine eyes
The monarchies of the earth.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>the single leaf is the <qex>rudiment</qex> of beauty in
landscape.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, an element or first principle of any art
or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step.</def>

<q>This boy is forest-born,
And hath been tutored in the <qex>rudiments</qex>
of many desperate studies.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>There he shall first lay down the <qex>rudiments</qex>
Of his great warfare.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An imperfect organ or part,
or one which is never developed.</def>

<hw>Ru"di*ment</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with first
principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments.</def>

<au>Gayton.</au>

<hw>Ru`di*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rudimentary.</def>

<au>Addison.</au>

<hw>Ru`di*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rudimentaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining
to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary;
initial; <as>as, <ex>rudimental</ex> essays</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Very imperfectly developed;
in an early stage of development; embryonic.</def>

<hw>Rud"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
rude.</def>

<au>Foote.</au>

<hw>Ru*dis"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>rudis</ets> rough.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>
<def>An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks
characteristic of the Cretaceous period; -- called also
<altname>Rudista</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Hippurite</er>.</def>

<hw>Ru"di*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruditas</ets> ignorance, fr. <ets>rudis</ets> rude,
illiterate.]</ety> <def>Rudeness; ignorance.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Rud"mas*day</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rood</er>, <er>Mass</er>, <er>Day</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross,
occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually.</def>

<hw>Ru*dolph"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by
Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; -- so
named from <xex>Rudolph</xex> II., emperor of Germany.</def>

<hw>Rue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rue</ets>,
L. <ets>ruta</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/; cf. AS.
<ets>r<?/de</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
perennial suffrutescent plant (<spn>Ruta graveolens</spn>),
having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It
is used in medicine.</def>

<q>Then purged with euphrasy and <qex>rue</qex>
The visual nerve, for he had much to see.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water,
incense, sulphur, <qex>rue</qex>, which from thence, as we
suppose, came to be called herb of grace.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief;
regret.</def>

<cs><col>Goat's rue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Goat</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rue anemone</col>, <cd>a pretty springtime flower
(<spn>Thalictrum anemonides</spn>) common in the United
States.</cd> -- <col>Wall rue</col>, <cd>a little fern
(<spn>Asplenium Ruta-muraria</spn>) common on walls in
Europe.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rued</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ruing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rewen</ets>,
<ets>reouwen</ets>, to grive, make sorry, AS.
<ets>hre\'a2wan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hrewan</ets>, D.
<ets>rouwen</ets>, OHG. <ets>hriuwan</ets>, G. <ets>reun</ets>,
Icel. <ets>hruggr</ets> grieved, <ets>hrug<edh/</ets> sorrow.
<root/ 18. Cf. <er>Ruth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lament;
to regret extremely; to grieve for or over.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>I wept to see, and <qex>rued</qex> it from my heart.</q>
<qau>Chapmen.</qau>

<q>Thy will
Chose freely what it now so justly <qex>rues</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to grieve; to afflict.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdGod wot, it <xex>rueth</xex> me.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain;
to get released from.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Rue</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have
compassion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>God so wisly [<it>i. e.</it>, truly] on my soul
<qex>rue</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Which stirred men's hearts to <qex>rue</qex> upon them.</q>
<qau>Ridley.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To feel sorrow and regret; to repent.</def>

<q>Work by counsel and thou shalt not <qex>rue</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Old year, we'll dearly <qex>rue</qex> for you.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<hw>Rue</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>hre\'a2w</ets>. See
<er>Rue</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Sorrow;
repetance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rue"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful;
sorrowful.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressing sorrow.</def> \'bd<xex>Rueful</xex>
faces.\'b8

<au>Dryden.</au>

<q>Two <qex>rueful</qex> figures, with long black cloaks.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rue"ful*ly</wf>, adv. -- <wf>Rue"ful*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ru"ell bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>rewel
bone</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ru*elle"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ruelle</ets> a narrow street, a lan<?/, ruelle, fr.
<ets>rue</ets> a street.]</ety> <def>A private circle or assembly
at a private house; a circle</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Ru*fes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rufescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>rufescere</ets> to become
reddish, fr. <ets>rufus</ets> red: cf. F.
<ets>rufescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reddish; tinged with red.</def>

<hw>Ruff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ronfle</ets>; cf. It. <ets>ronfa</ets>, Pg. <ets>rufa</ets>,
<ets>rifa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it.</def>

<au>Nares.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act of trumping, especially when one has no
card of the suit led</def>.

<hw>Ruff</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>
<def>To trump.</def>

<hw>Ruff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel.
<ets>r<?/finn</ets> rough, uncombed, Pr. <ets>ruf</ets> rude,
rough, Sp. <ets>rufo</ets> frizzed, crisp, curled, G.
<ets>raufen</ets> to pluck, fight, <ets>rupfen</ets> to pluck,
pull, E. <ets>rough</ets>. <root/18.  Cf. <er>Ruffle</er> to
wrinkle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A muslin or linen collar
plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now
only by women and children.</def>

<q>Here to-morrow with his best <qex>ruff</qex> on.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came
out against <qex>ruffs</qex>; . . . they were come to that height
of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for
starching of a <qex>ruff</qex>.</q>
<qau>Howell.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something formed with plaits or flutings, like
the collar of this name.</def>

<q>I reared this flower; . . . 
Soft on the paper <qex>ruff</qex> its leaves I spread.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>An exhibition of pride or haughtiness.</def>

<q>How many princes . . . in the <qex>ruff</qex> of all their
glory, have been taken down from the head of a conquering army to
the wheel of the victor's chariot!</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>To ruffle it out in a riotous <qex>ruff</qex>.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A low, vibrating beat of a
drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A collar on a shaft ot other
piece to prevent endwise motion. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Collar</er>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A set of lengthened or
otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a
bird.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A limicoline
bird of Europe and Asia (<spn>Pavoncella, <or/ Philommachus,
pugnax</spn>) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the
breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable
in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on
the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity
in the breeding season. The female is called <xex>reeve</xex>, or
<xex>rheeve</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A variety of the
domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.</def>

<hw>Ruff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ruffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ruffing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ruffle; to
disorder.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To beat with the ruff or
ruffle, as a drum.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Hawking)</fld> <def>To hit, as the prey,
without fixing it.</def>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ruff</hw>, <hw>Ruffe</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ruffe</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small freshwater European perch
(<spn>Acerina vulgaris</spn>); -- called also
<altname>pope</altname>, <altname>blacktail</altname>, and
<altname>stone, <or/ striped, perch</altname>.</def>

<hw>Ruffed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with a
ruff.</def>

<cs><col>Ruffed grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North
American grouse (<spn>Bonasa umbellus</spn>) common in the wooded
districts of the Northern United States. The male has a ruff of
brown or black feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted
for the loud drumming sound he makes during the breeding season.
Called also <altname>tippet grouse</altname>,
<altname>partridge</altname>, <altname>birch partridge</altname>,
<altname>pheasant</altname>, <altname>drummer</altname>, and
<altname>white-flesher</altname>.</cd> -- <col>ruffed lemur</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of lemur (<spn>lemur
varius</spn>) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head.
Its color is varied with black and white.  Called also
<altname>ruffed maucaco</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ruf"fian</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>rufien</ets>, OF. <ets>ruffen</ets>,
<ets>ruffian</ets>, pimp. libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp.
<ets>rufian</ets>, It. <ets>ruffiano</ets>; all perhaps of German
or Dutch origin; cf. G. <ets>raufen</ets> to pluck, scuffle,
fight, OD. <ets>roffen</ets> to pander. Cf. <ets>Ruffle</ets> to
grow <ets>urbulent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pimp; a
pander; also, a paramour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at
home, reveling with her <qex>ruffians</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Reynolds.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate
fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat.</def>

<q>Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the <qex>ruffian</qex>?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Ruf"fian</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>brutal; cruel; savagely
boisterous; murderous; <as>as, <ex>ruffian</ex> rage</as>.</def>

<hw>Ruf"fian</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the ruffian; to
rage; to raise tumult.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ruf"fian*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ruffians,
collectively; a body of ruffians.</def> \'bdThe vilest
<xex>ruffianage</xex>.\'b8

<au>Sir F. Palgrave.</au>

<hw>Ruf"fian*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the qualities or
manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.</def>

<hw>Ruf"fian*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Ruffianly.</def>

<au>Fulke.</au>

<hw>Ruf"fian*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a ruffian; bold in
crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal.</def>

<hw>Ruf"fian*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Ruffianly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Ruf"fin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<ets>Ruffian</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disordered.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>His <qex>ruffin</qex> rainment all was stained with blood.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<-- p. 1259 -->

<hw>Ruf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ruffled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ruffling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Ruff</er> a plaited
collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD. <ets>ruyffelen</ets> to
wrinkle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make into a ruff; to draw or
contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with ruffles; <as>as, to
<ex>ruffle</ex> a shirt</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make
uneven by agitation or commotion.</def>

<q>The fantastic revelries . . . that so often <qex>ruffled</qex>
the placid bosom of the Nile.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<q>She smoothed the <qex>ruffled</qex> seas.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To erect in a ruff, as feathers.</def>

<q>[the swan] <qex>ruffles</qex> her pure cold plume.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To beat with the ruff or
ruffle, as a drum.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To discompose; to agitate; to disturb.</def>

<q>These <qex>ruffle</qex> the tranquillity of the mind.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>

<q>But, ever after, the small violence done
Rankled in him and <qex>ruffled</qex> all his heart.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To throw into disorder or confusion.</def>

<q>Where best
He might the <qex>ruffled</qex> foe infest.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>To throw together in a disorderly manner.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>I <qex>ruffled</qex> up falen leaves in heap.</q>
<qau>Chapman</qau>

<cs><col>To ruffle the feathers of</col>, <cd>to exite the
resentment of; to irritate.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ruf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps of
different origin from <ets>ruffle</ets> to wrinkle; cf. OD.
<ets>roffeln</ets>, <ets>roffen</ets>, to pander, LG.
<ets>raffein</ets>, Dan. <ets>ruffer</ets> a pimp. Cf.
<er>Rufflan</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow rough,
boisterous, or turbulent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>The night comes on, and the bleak winds
Do sorely <qex>ruffle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become disordered; to play loosely; to
flutter.</def>

<q>On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined,
<qex>Ruffles</qex> at speed, and dances in the wind.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence,
to put on airs; to swagger.</def>

<q>They would <qex>ruffle</qex> with jurors.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<q>Gallants who <qex>ruffled</qex> in silk and embroidery.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Ruf"fle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Ruffle</er>,
<pos>v. t. & i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is
ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine
cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used
as a trimming; a frill.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of being ruffled or disturbed;
disturbance; agitation; commotion; <as>as, to put the mind in a
<ex>ruffle</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A low, vibrating beat of a
drum, not so loud as a roll; -- called also
<altname>ruff</altname>.</def>

<au>H. L. Scott.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The connected series of
large egg capsules, or o\'94thec\'91, of any one of several
species of American marine gastropods of the genus
<spn>Fulgur</spn>. See <er>O\'94theca</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Ruffle of a boot</col>, <cd>the top turned down, and
scalloped or plaited.</cd></cs>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<hw>Ruf"fle*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no ruffle.</def>

<hw>Ruf"fle*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
ruffling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ruf"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian.</def>

<q>Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew
of <qex>rufflers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing
machine attachment for making ruffles.</def>

<hw>Ru`fi*gal"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rufi</ets>opin + <ets>gallic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline
substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene.</def>

<hw>Ru`fi*o"pin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rufus</ets> reddish + <ets>op</ets>ianic.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish red crystalline substance
related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid.</def>

<hw>Ru"fol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rufus</ets> reddish + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A phenol derivative of anthracene
obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation
produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone.</def>

<hw>Ru"fous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rufus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reddish; of a yellowish red or
brownish red color; tawny.</def>

<hw>Ruft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Eructation; belching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ruf"ter*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Ruff</er> a plaited collar.]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld>
<def>A kind of hood for a hawk.</def>

<hw>Rug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>rugg</ets> entanglend hair, <ets>ruggig</ets> rugged,
shaggy, probably akin to E. <ets>rough</ets>. See <er>Rough</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of coarse, heavy
frieze, formerly used for garments.</def>

<q>They spin the choicest <qex>rug</qex> in Ireland. A friend of
mine . . . repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these
Waterford <qex>rugs</qex>.  The mastiffs, . . . deeming he had
been a bear, would fain have baited him.</q>
<qau>Holinshed.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of
wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and
ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a
poti\'8are, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to
protect the legs from cold, etc.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog.</def>

<cs><col>Rug gown</col>, <cd>a gown made of rug, of or coarse,
shaggy cloth.</cd></cs>

<au>B. Johnson.</au>

<hw>Rug</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pull roughly or hastily;
to plunder; to spoil; to tear.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ru"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Rug\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Nat.
Hist.)</fld> <def>A wrinkle; a fold; <as>as, the <ex>rug\'91</ex>
of the stomach</as>.</def>

<hw>Ru"gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rugatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>rugare</ets> to wrinkle, fr.
<ets>ruga</ets> a wrinkle.]</ety> <def>Having alternate ridges
and depressions; wrinkled.</def>

<au>Dana.</au>

<hw>Rug"ged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Rug</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of
asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points,
or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; <as>as, a <ex>rugged</ex>
mountain; a <ex>rugged</ex> road</as>.</def>

<q>The <qex>rugged</qex> bark of some broad elm.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not neat or regular; uneven.</def>

<q>His well-proportioned beard made rough and
<qex>rugged</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy.</def>
\'bdThe <xex>rugged</xex> Russian bear.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of
temper, character, and the like, or of persons.</def>

<q>Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard,
<qex>rugged</qex>, and unconcerned as ever.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of
sound, style, and the like.</def>

<q>Through the harsh cadence of a <qex>rugged</qex> line.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of
looks, etc.</def> \'bdSleek o'er your <xex>rugged</xex>
looks.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct,
manners, etc.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health,
physique, etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude;
harsh; hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning;
violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous;
inclement.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rug"ged*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
-- <wf>Rug"ged*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rug"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coarse kind
of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc.</def>

<hw>Rug"-gowned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a
coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug.</def>

<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>

<hw>Rug"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rugged;
rough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWith <xex>ruggy</xex>, ashy
hairs.\'b8

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rug"-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
shaggy hair; shock-headed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Those rough <qex>rug-headed</qex> kerns.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<hw>Rug"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nappy
cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Wiseman.</au>

<hw>Ru"gine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for scraping the periosteum
from bones; a raspatory.</def>

<hw>Ru"gine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>ruginer</ets> to
scrape.]</ety> <def>To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Wiseman.</au>

<hw>\'d8Ru*go"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Rugose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct
tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them
of large size.  They are characteristic of the Paleozoic
formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in
multiples of four.  See <er>Cyathophylloid</er>.</def>

<hw>Ru*gose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rugosus</ets>, r. <ets>ruga</ets> a wrinkle.]</ety>
<def>Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated,
as the leaves of the sage and horehound.</def>

<hw>Ru*gos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[l.
<ets>rugositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rugosit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The quality or state of being rugose.</def>

<hw>Ru"gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>rugueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wrinkled; rugose.</def>

<hw>Ru`gu*lose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
rugose.</def>

<hw>Ruhm"korff's coil`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from
its inventor, <ets>Ruhmkorff</ets>, a german physicist.]</ety>
<fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Induction coil</cref>, under
<er>Induction</er>.</def>

<hw>Ru"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>ruine</ets>, F. <ets>ruine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ruina</ets>,
fr. ruere, rutum, to fall with violence, to rush or tumble
down.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of falling or tumbling
down; fall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHis <xex>ruin</xex>
startled the other steeds.\'b8

<au>Chapman.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Such a change of anything as destroys it, or
entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction;
overthrow; <as>as, the <ex>ruin</ex> of a ship or an army; the
<ex>ruin</ex> of a constitution or a government; the
<ex>ruin</ex> of health or hopes</as>.</def>  \'bd<xex>Ruin</xex>
seize thee, ruthless king!\'b8

<au>Gray.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is fallen down and become worthless
from injury or decay; <as>as, his mind is a <ex>ruin</ex></as>;
especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed,
dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the
like.</def>

<q>The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall,
And one promiscuous ruin cover all;
Nor, after length of years, a stone betray
The place where once the very <qex>ruins</qex> lay.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the
<qex>ruins</qex> of an old and vicious character.</q>
<qau>Buckminster.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The state of being dcayed, or of having become
ruined or worthless; <as>as, to be in <ex>ruins</ex>; to go to
<ex>ruin</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which promotes injury, decay, or
destruction.</def>

<q>The errors of young men are the <qex>ruin</qex> of
business.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow;
subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.</syn>

<hw>Ru"in</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ruined</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ruining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ruiner</ets>,
LL. <ets>ruinare</ets>. See <er>Ruin</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<def>To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to
make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or
bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to
overthrow.</def>

<q>this mortal house I'll <qex>ruin</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>By thee raised, I <qex>ruin</qex> all my foes.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>The eyes of other people are the eyes that <qex>ruin</qex>
us.</q>
<qau>Franklin.</qau>

<q>By the fireside there are old men seated,
Seeling <qex>ruined</qex> cities in the ashes.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>

<hw>Ru"in</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fall to ruins; to go to
ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>Though he his house of polished marble build,
Yet shall it <qex>ruin</qex> like the moth's frail cell.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>

<q>If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business,
we shall <qex>ruin</qex> the faster.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<hw>Ru"in*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being ruined.</def>

<hw>Ru"in*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>ruinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>ruinare</ets> to ruin. See
<er>Ruin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To demolish; to subvert;
to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin.</def>

<q>I will not <qex>ruinate</qex> my f<?/ther's house.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q><qex>Ruinating</qex> thereby the health of their bodies.</q>
<qau>Burton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to fall; to cast down.</def>

<q>On the other side they saw that perilous rock
Threatening itself on them to <qex>ruinate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ru"in*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fall; to
tumble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ru"in*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruinatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <def>Involved in ruin;
ruined.</def>

<q>My brother Edward lives in pomp and state,
I in a mansion here all <qex>ruinate</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. Webster.</qau>

<hw>Ru`in*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>ruinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ruining, or the state
of being ruined.</def>

<hw>Ru"in*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, ruins.</def>

<hw>Ru"in*i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Ruin</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>ruiniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the appearance of
ruins, or of the ruins of houses; -- said of certain
minerals.</def>

<hw>Ru"in*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruinosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ruineux</ets>. See
<er>Ruin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Causing, or tending to
cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; <as>as, a
<ex>ruinous</ex> project</as>.</def>

<q>After a night of storm so <qex>ruinous</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated;
<as>as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a <ex>ruinous</ex>
state</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Composed of, or consisting in, ruins.</def>

<q>Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a <qex>ruinous</qex> heap.</q>
<qau>Isa. xvii. 1.</qau>

<syn>Syn. -- Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious;
destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ru"in*ous*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
-- <wf>Ru"in*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rukh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Srr
<er>Roc</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The roc.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large bird, supposed by
some to be the same as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rul"*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may be
ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to rule.</def>

<au>Bacon.</au>

<hw>Rule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>reule</ets>, <ets>riule</ets>, OF. <ets>riule</ets>,
<ets>reule</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82gle</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>regula</ets> a ruler, rule, model, fr. <ets>regere</ets>,
<ets>rectum</ets>, to lead straight, to direct. See
<er>Right</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Regular</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide
for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific
purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a
prescription; a precept; <as>as, the <ex>rules</ex> of various
societies; the <ex>rules</ex> governing a school; a <ex>rule</ex>
of etiquette or propriety; the <ex>rules</ex> of
cricket</as>.</def>

<q>We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most
exact <qex>rules</qex> for the government of our lives.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Uniform or established
course of things.</def>

<q>'T is against the <qex>rule</qex> of nature.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Systematic method or practice; as, my
<xex>ule</xex> is to rise at six o'clock</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or
condition of things; <as>as, it is a <ex>rule</ex> to which there
are many exeptions</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Conduct in
general; behavior</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>This uncivil <qex>rule</qex>; she shall know of it.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of ruling; administration of law;
government; empire; authority; control.</def>

<q>Obey them that have the <qex>rule</qex> over you.</q>
<qau>Heb. xiii. 17.</qau>

<q>His stern <qex>rule</qex> the groaning land obeyed.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An order regulating the
practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an
action or a suit.</def>

<au>Wharton.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A determinate method
prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain
result; <as>as, a <ex>rule</ex> for extracting the cube
root</as>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A general principle
concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement
thereof; thus, it is a <xex>rule</xex> in England, that
<xex>s</xex> or <xex>es</xex> , added to a noun in the singular
number, forms the plural of that noun; but \'bdman\'b8 forms its
plural \'bdmen\'b8, and is an exception to the
<xex>rule</xex>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A straight strip of wood, metal, or
the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a
ruler.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A measuring instrument consisting
of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is
usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and
jointed so that it may be folded compactly.</def>

<q>A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to
his <qex>rule</qex>.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thin plate of
metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used
for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in
tabular work.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A composing rule. See under
<er>Conposing</er>.</def>

<cs><col>As a rule</col>, <cd>as a general thing; in the main;
usually; <as>as, he behaves well, <ex>as a rule<ex></as>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Board rule</col>, <col>Caliber rule</col>,etc.</mcol>
<cd>See under <er>Board</er>, <er>Caliber</er>, etc.</cd> --
<col>Rule joint</col>, <cd>a knuckle joint having shoulders that
abut when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and
thus permit folding in one direction only.</cd> -- <col>Rule of
three</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>that rule which directs,
when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall
have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the
first; proportion. See <er>Proportion</er>, 5 <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd>
-- <col>Rule of thumb</col>, <cd>any rude process or operation,
like that of using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence,
judgment and practical experience as distinguished from
scientific knowledge.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon;
order; method; direction; control; government; sway;
empire.</syn>

<hw>Rule</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ruled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ruling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <ets>OF</ets>.
<ets>riuler</ets>, <ets>ruiler</ets>, L. <ets>regulare</ets>. See
<er>Rule</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Regulate</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To control the will and actions of; to exercise
authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage.</def>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<q>A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that
<qex>ruleth</qex> well his own house, having his children in
subjection.</q>
<qau>1 Tim. iii. 2, 4.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To control or direct by influence, counsel, or
persuasion; to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive.</def>

<q>I think she will be <qex>ruled</qex>
In all respects by me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to
fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice.</def>

<q>That's are <qex>ruled</qex> case with the schoolmen.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To require or command by rule;
to give as a direction or order of court.</def>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil,
etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by
means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result;
<as>as, to <ex>rule</ex> a sheet of paper of a blank
book</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ruled surface</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>any surface
that may be described by a straight line moving according to a
given law; -- called also a <altname>scroll</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rule</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have power or
command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often followed by
<xex>over</xex>.</def>

<q>By me princes <qex>rule</qex>, and nobles.</q>
<qau>Prov. viii. 16.</qau>

<q>We subdue and <qex>rule</qex> over all other creatures.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To lay down and settle a rule
or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a
rule.</def>

<au>Burril. Bouvier.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To keep within a (certain)
range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; <as>as, prices
<ex>ruled</ex> lower yesterday than the day before</as>.</def>

<hw>Rule"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of rule;
lawless.</def>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Rule"-mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stickler for rules; a slave of rules</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Hare.</au>

<-- p. 1260 -->

<-- p. 1260 -->

<hw>Rul"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor.</def>

<q>And he made him <qex>ruler</qex> over all the land.</q>
<qau>Gen. xii. 43.</qau>

<q>A prince and <qex>ruler</qex> of the land.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc.,
with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing
lines. Cf. <er>Rule</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 7 <sd>(a)</sd><-- usu.
marked with graduations so that it can be used to measure
distances -->.</def>

<cs><col>Parallel ruler</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Parallel</er>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rul"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Predominant;
chief; reigning; controlling; <as>as, a <ex>ruling</ex> passion;
a <ex>ruling</ex> sovereign</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Used in marking or engraving lines; <as>as, a
<ex>ruling</ex> machine or pen</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Predominant; chief; controlling; directing;
guilding; governing; prevailing; prevalent.</syn>

<hw>Rul"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one
who rules; ruled lines.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A decision or rule of a judge
or a court, especially an oral decision, as in excluding
evidence.</def>

<hw>Rul"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a ruling manner; so
as to rule.</def>

<hw>Rul"li*chies</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
D. <ets>rolletje</ets> alittle roll.]</ety> <def>Chopped meat
stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and
fried.</def> <mark>[Local, New York]</mark>

<hw>Rul"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <def>orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed
to <ant>unruly</ant>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Gascoigne.</au>

<hw>Rum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[probably shortened
from prov. E. <ets>rumbullion</ets> a great tumult, formerly
applied in the island of Barbadoes to an intoxicating
liquor.]</ety> <def>A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from
cane juice, or from the scumming of the boiled juice, or from
treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations.
Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective
name for intoxicating liquor.</def>

<cs><col>Rum bud</col>, <cd>a grog blossom.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Rum shrub</col>, <cd>a drink
composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice,
with some flavoring extract.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rum</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Formerly <ets>rome</ets>, a
slang word for good; possibly of Gypsy origin; cf. Gypsy
<ets>rom</ets> a husband, a gypsy.]</ety> <def>Old-fashioned;
queer; odd; <as>as, a <ex>rum</ex> idea; a <ex>rum</ex>
fellow</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<au>Dickens.</au>

<hw>Rum</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A queer or odd person or thing;
a country parson.</def> <mark>[Slang, Obs.]</mark>

<au>Swift.</au>

<hw>Rum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>romblen</ets>, akin to D. <ets>rommeln</ets>, G.
<ets>rumpeln</ets>, Dan. <ets>rumle</ets>; cf. Icel.
<ets>rumja</ets> to roar.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a low,
heavy, continued sound; <as>as, the thunder <ex>rumbles</ex> at a
distance</as>.</def>

<q>In the mean while the skies 'gan <qex>rumble</qex> sore.</q>
<qau>Surrey.</qau>

<q>The people cried and <qex>rombled</qex> up and down.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To murmur; to ripple.</def>

<q>To <qex>rumble</qex> gently down with murmur soft.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<--3.  to engage in a fight, usu. between street gangs.-->

<hw>Rum"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A noisy report;
rumor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Delighting ever in <qex>rumble</qex> that is new.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by
heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise;
<as>as, the <ex>rumble</ex> of a railboard train</as>.</def>

<q>Clamor and <qex>rumble</qex>, and ringing and clatter.</q>
<qau>tennyson.</qau>

<q>Merged in the <qex>rumble</qex> of awakening day.</q>
<qau>H. James.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A seat for servants, behind the body of a
carriage.</def>

<q>Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the <qex>rumble</qex>
behind.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A rotating cask or box in which small articles
are smoothed or poliched by friction against each other.</def>

<-- <col>rumble seat</col>, a seat in the rear of an automobile,
outside the passenger cabin, which folds out from the body -->

<hw>Rum"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to pass through
a rumble, or shaking machine. See <er>Rumble</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
4.</def>

<hw>Rum"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, rumbles.</def>

<hw>Rum"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Rumble</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>

<hw>Rum"bling*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rumbling
manner.</def>

<hw>Rum"bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>grog.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<hw>Rum*bow"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rombowline</er>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ru"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rumen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, the throat.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The first stomach of
ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
below.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cud of a ruminant.</def>

<hw>Ru"mi*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow
dock (<spn>Rumex crispus</spn>) and identical with
<altname>chrysophanic acid</altname>.</def>

<hw>Rumi*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruminalis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ruminant;
ruminating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ru"mi*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruminans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr.: cf. F.
<ets>ruminant</ets>. See <er>Ruminate</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Chewing the cud; characterized by
chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the
Ruminantia.</def>

<hw>Ru"mi*nant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ru`mi*nan"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of
Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the
camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and
allies.</def>

<-- Letters refer to the Illustration, "Stomach of a ruminant."
-->
<note><hand/ The vegetable food, after the first mastication,
enters the first stomach (<xex>r</xex>). It afterwards passes
into the second (<xex>n</xex>), where it is moistened, and formed
into pellets which the animal has the power of bringing back to
the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is swallowed into
the third stomach (<xex>m</xex>), whence it passes to the fourth
(<xex>s</xex>), where it is finally digested.</note>

<hw>Ru"mi*nant*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.</def>

<hw>Ru"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ruminated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Ruminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ruminatus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>ruminari</ets>, <ets>ruminare</ets>, fr.
<ets>rumen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, throat, akin to
<ets>ructare</ets> to belch, <ets>erugere</ets> to belch out, Gr.
<?/, AS. <ets>roccettan</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To chew
the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and
swallowed.</def> \'bdCattle free to <xex>ruminate</xex>.\'b8

<au>Wordsworth.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to
meditate; to ponder; to reflect.</def>

<au>Cowper.</au>

<q>Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that
<qex>ruminates</qex> on the felicity of heaven?</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>

<hw>Ru"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To chew over again.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse
on.</def>

<q>Mad with desire, she <qex>ruminates</qex> her sin.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<q>What I know
Is <qex>ruminated</qex>, plotted, and set down.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<mhw>{ <hw>Ru"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ru"mi*na`ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having
a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with
softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American
papaw.</def>

<hw>Ru`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruminatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rumination</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the
cud; the habit of chewing the cud.</def>

<q><qex>Rumination</qex> is given to animals to enable them at
once to lay up a great store of food, and afterward to chew
it.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being disposed to ruminate or
ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection.</def>

<q>Retiring full of <qex>rumination</qex> sad.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The regurgitation of food
from the stomach after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally
oberved as a morbid phenomenon in man.</def>

<hw>Ru"mi*na*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined
to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation.</def>

<hw>Ru"mi*na`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>One who ruminates or muses; a meditator.</def>

<hw>Rum"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rummer</er>, and see <er>-kin</er>.]</ety> <def>A popular or
jocular name for a drinking vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rum"mage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>roomage</ets>, fr. <ets>room</ets>; hence originally, a
making room, a packing away closely. See <er>Room</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A place or room for the
stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the
pulling and moving about of packages incident to close stowage;
-- formerly written <xex>romage</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A searching carefully by looking into every
corner, and by turning things over.</def>

<q>He has such a general <qex>rummage</qex> and reform in the
office of matrimony.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>

<cs><col>Rummage sale</col>, <cd>a clearance sale of unclaimed
goods in a public store, or of odds and ends which have
accumulated in a shop.</cd></cs>

<au>Simmonds.</au>

<hw>Rum"mage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rummaged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rummaging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To make room in, as a ship,
for the cargo; to move about, as packages, ballast, so as to
permit close stowage; to stow closely; to pack; -- formerly
written <altname>roomage</altname>, and
<altname>romage</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>They night bring away a great deal more than they do, if they
would take pain in the <qex>romaging</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To search or examine thoroughly by looking into
every corner, and turning over or removing goods or other things;
to examine, as a book, carefully, turning over leaf after
leaf.</def>

<q>He . . . searcheth his pockets, and taketh his keys, and so
<qex>rummageth</qex> all his closets and trunks.</q>
<qau>Howell.</qau>

<q>What schoolboy of us has not <qex>rummaged</qex> his Greek
dictionary in vain for a satisfactory account!</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>

<hw>Rum"mage</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To search a place
narrowly.</def>

<q>I have often <qex>rummaged</qex> for old books in Little
Britain and Duck Lane.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<q>[His house] was haunted with a jolly ghost, that . . .
. . . <qex>rummaged</qex> like a rat.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>

<hw>Rum"ma*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who rummages.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A person on shipboard whose
business was to take charge of stowing the cargo; -- formerly
written <altname>roomager</altname>, and
<altname>romager</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a
<qex>romager</qex>, to range and bestow all merchandise.</q>
<qau>Hakluyt</qau>.

<hw>Rum"mer</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>roemer</ets>, romer, akin to G. <ets>r\'94mer</ets>, Sw.
<ets>remmare</ets>; perhaps properly, Roman.]</ety> <def>A large
and tall glass, or drinking cup</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>J. Philips.</au>

<hw>Rum"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining
to rum; characteristic of rum; as a <xex>rummy</xex>
flavor.</def>

<hw>Rum"my</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rummies</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who drinks rum; an habitually
intemperate person.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<-- Rummy, a game of cards.
  Gin rummy, a type of rummy.  -->

<hw>Rum"my</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Rum</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Strange; odd.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>

<hw>Rum"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sort of
Spanish wine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ru"mor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rumeur</ets>, L. <ets>rumor</ets>; cf.
<ets>rumificare</ets>, <ets>rumitare</ets> to rumor, Skr.
<ets>ru</ets> to cry.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rumour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A flying or popular
report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety.</def>

<q>This <qex>rumor</qex> of him went forth throughout all Judea,
and throughout all the region round about.</q>
<qau>Luke vii. 17.</qau>

<q>Great is the <qex>rumor</qex> of this dreadful knight.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A current story passing from one person to
another, without any known authority for its truth; -- in this
sense often personified.</def>

<q><qex>Rumor</qex> next, and Chance,
And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A prolonged; indistinct noise.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ru"mor</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rumored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rumoring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To report by rumor;
to tell.</def>

<q>'T was <qex>rumored</qex>
My father 'scaped from out the citadel.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Ru"mor*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A teller of
news; especially, one who spreads false reports.</def>
<-- = rumor-monger -->

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Ru"mor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>rumoreux</ets>, It. <ets>rumoroso</ets>,
<ets>romoroso</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to
a rumor; of the nature of rumors.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Famous; notorious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Bale.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Murmuring.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<au>Drayton.</au>

<hw>Rump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rumpe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>romp</ets> trunk, body, LG.
<ets>rump</ets>, G. <ets>rumpf</ets>, Dan. <ets>rumpe</ets> rump,
Icel. <ets>rumpr</ets>, Sw. <ets>rumpa</ets> rump, tail.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The end of the backbone of an animal, with the
parts adjacent; the buttock or buttoks.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Among butchers, the piece of beef betwen the
sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Beef</er>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a
remnant.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Rump Parliament</col>, <or/ <col>The
Rump</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the remnant of the
Long Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those
who opposed his purposes.  It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653,
but twice revived for brief sessions, ending finally in
1659.</cd>

<q>The <qex>rump</qex> abolished the House of Lords, the army
abolished the <qex>Rump</qex>, and by this army of saints
Cromwell governed.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

-- <col>Rump steak</col>, <cd>a beefsteak from the rump.</cd>
<au>Goldsmith.</au></cs>

<hw>Rump"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member or a
supporter of the Rump Parliament.</def>

<au>I. Disraeli.</au>

<hw>Rump"-fed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A
Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning.  Perhaps \'bdfattened in
the rump, pampered.\'b8</def> \'bdThe <xex>rump-fed</xex>
ronyon.\'b8

<hw>Rum"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rumpled</er> <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Rumpling</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Cf. <ets>rimple</ets>, and D. <ets>rimpelen</ets> to
wrinkle, <ets>rompelig</ets> rough, uneven, G.
<ets>r\'81mpgen</ets> to wrinkle, MHG.  <ets>r\'81mphen</ets>,
OHG. <ets>rimpfan</ets>, Gr. <grk>"ra`mfos</grk> the crooked beak
of birds of prey, <?/ to roam.]</ety> <def>To make uneven; to
form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; <as>as,
to <ex>rumple</ex> an apron or a cravat</as>.</def>

<q>They would not give a dog's ear of their most
<qex>rumpled</qex> and ragged Scoth paper for twenty of your
fairest assignats.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<hw>Rum"ple</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fold or plait; a
wrinkle.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Run"pled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wrinkled;
crumpled.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Rump"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
a rump.</def>

<hw>Rum"ply</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rumpled.</def>

<au>Carlyle.</au>

<hw>Rum"pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A disturbance;
noise and confusion; a quarrel.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hw>Rum"sell`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors; especially, one
who sells spirituous beverages at retail.</def>

<-- p. 1261 -->

<hw>Run</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Ran</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Run</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Run</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Running</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rinnen</ets>, <ets>rennen</ets> (imp. <ets>ran</ets>, p.p.
<ets>runnen</ets>, <ets>ronnen</ets>). AS. <ets>rinnan</ets> to
flow (imp. <ets>ran</ets>, p.p. <ets>gerunnen</ets>), and
<ets>iernan</ets>, <ets>irnan</ets>, to run (imp. <ets>orn</ets>,
<ets>arn</ets>, <ets>earn</ets>, p.p. <ets>urnen</ets>); akin to
D. <ets>runnen</ets>, <ets>renne</ets>, OS. & OHG.
<ets>rinnan</ets>, G. <ets>rinnen</ets>, <ets>rennen</ets>, Icel.
<ets>renna</ets>, <ets>rinna</ets>, Sw. rinna, r\'84nna, Dan.
<ets>rinde</ets>, <ets>rende</ets>, Goth. <ets>rinnan</ets>, and
perh. to L. <ets>oriri</ets> to rise, Gr. <?/ to stir up, rouse,
Skr. <?/ (cf. <er>Origin</er>), or perh. to L. <ets>rivus</ets>
brook (cf. <er>Rival</er>). \'fb11. Cf. <er>Ember</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, Rennet.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move, proceed,
advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick
action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow,
glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to
move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a
dog.</def> Specifically: --

<sn>2.</sn> Of voluntary or personal action: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To
go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.</def>

<q>\'bdHa, ha, the fox!\'b8 and after him they
<qex>ran</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To flee, as from fear or danger</def>.

<q>As from a bear a man would <qex>run</qex> for life.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To steal off; to depart secretly</def>.

<q>My conscience will serve me to <qex>run</qex> from this
jew.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a
contest; to become a candidate; as, to <xex>run</xex> for
Congress</def>.

<q>Know ye not that they which <qex>run</qex> in a race
<qex>run</qex> all, but one receiveth the prize? So
<qex>run</qex>, that ye may obtain.</q>
<qau>1 Cor. ix. 24.</qau>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To pass from one state or condition to another;
to come into a certain condition; -- often with <xex>in</xex> or
<xex>into</xex>; as, to <xex>run</xex> into evil practices; to
<xex>run</xex> in debt</def>.

<q>Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart
with grief and <qex>run</qex> distracted?</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To exert continuous activity; to proceed;
<as>as, to <ex>run</ex> through life; to <ex>run</ex> in a
circle</as>.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>To pass or go quickly in
thought or conversation; as, to <xex>run</xex> from one subject
to another</def>.

<q>Virgil, in his first Georgic, has <qex>run</qex> into a set of
precepts foreign to his subject.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sd>(h)</sd> <def>To discuss; to continue to think or speak about
something; -- with <xex>on</xex></def>. <sd>(i)</sd> <def>To make
numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; -- with
<xex>on</xex>.</def> <sd>(j)</sd> <def>To creep, as
serpents</def>.

<sn>3.</sn> Of involuntary motion: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To flow, as
a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; <as>as, rivers
<ex>run</ex> to the sea; sap <ex>runs</ex> up in the spring; her
blood <ex>ran</ex> cold</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To proceed
along a surface; to extend; to spread.</def>

<q>The fire <qex>ran</qex> along upon the ground.</q>
<qau>Ex. ix. 23.</qau>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To become fluid; to melt; to fuse</def>.

<q>As wax dissolves, as ice begins to <qex>run</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>Sussex iron ores <qex>run</qex> freely in the fire.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or
pivot; as, a wheel <xex>runs</xex> swiftly round</def>.
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To travel; to make progress; to be moved by
mechanical means; to go; <as>as, the steamboat <ex>runs</ex>
regularly to Albany; the train <ex>runs</ex> to
Chicago</as>.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>To extend; to reach;
<as>as, the road <ex>runs</ex> from Philadelphia to New York; the
memory of man <ex>runneth</ex> not the contrary</as>.</def>

<q>She saw with joy the line immortal <qex>run</qex>,
Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sd>(g)</sd> <def>To go back and forth from place to place; to
ply; as, the stage <xex>runs</xex> between the hotel and the
station</def>.<-- same as (e)? --> <sd>(h)</sd> <def>To make
progress; to proceed; to pass</def>.

<q>As fast as our time <qex>runs</qex>, we should be very glad in
most part of our lives that it <qex>ran</qex> much faster.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sd>(i)</sd> <def>To continue in operation; to be kept in action
or motion; <as>as, this engine <ex>runs</ex> night and day; the
mill <ex>runs</ex> six days in the week</as>.</def>

<q>When we desire anything, our minds <qex>run</qex> wholly on
the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run
wholly on the bad ones.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sd>(j)</sd> <def>To have a course or direction; as, a line
<xex>runs</xex> east and west</def>.

<q>Where the generally allowed practice <qex>runs</qex> counter
to it.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<q>Little is the wisdom, where the flight
So <qex>runs</qex> against all reason.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sd>(k)</sd> <def>To be in form thus, as a combination of
words</def>.

<q>The king's ordinary style <qex>runneth</qex>, \'bdOur
sovereign lord the king.\'b8</q>
<qau>Bp. Sanderson.</qau>

<sd>(l)</sd> <def>To be popularly known; to be generally
received</def>.

<q>Men gave them their own names, by which they <qex>run</qex> a
great while in Rome.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>

<q>Neither was he ignorant what report <qex>ran</qex> of
himself.</q>
<qau>Knolle<?/.</qau>

<sd>(m)</sd> <def>To have growth or development; <as>as, boys and
girls <ex>run</ex> up rapidly</as>.</def>

<q>if the richness of the ground cause turnips to <qex>run</qex>
to leaves.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>

<sd>(n)</sd> <def>To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to
incline</def>.

<q>A man's nature <qex>runs</qex> either to herbs or weeds.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>

<q>Temperate climates <qex>run</qex> into moderate
governments.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sd>(o)</sd> <def>To spread and blend together; to unite; <as>as,
colors <ex>run</ex> in washing</as>.</def>

<q>In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished,
but near the borders they <qex>run</qex> into one another.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>

<sd>(p)</sd> <def>To have a legal course; to be attached; to
continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in
company; <as>as, certain covenants <ex>run</ex> with the
land</as>.</def>

<q>Customs <qex>run</qex> only upon our goods imported or
exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest
<qex>runs</qex> as well upon our ships as goods, and must be
yearly paid.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Child.</qau>

<sd>(q)</sd> <def>To continue without falling due; to hold good;
<as>as, a note has thirty days to <ex>run</ex></as>.</def>
<sd>(r)</sd> <def>To discharge pus or other matter; <as>as, an
ulcer <ex>runs</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(s)</sd> <def>To be played on
the stage a number of successive days or nights; <as>as, the
piece <ex>ran</ex> for six months</as>.</def> <sd>(t)</sd>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To sail before the wind, in distinction
from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels</def>.

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Specifically, of horse: To move rapidly in a
gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a
supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered
in the air under the body.</def>

<au>Stillman (The Horse in Motion).</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Athletics)</fld> <def>To move rapidly by
springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when
neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from
<xex>walking</xex> in athletic competition.</def>

<cs><col>As thing run</col>, <cd>according to the usual order,
conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or
specification.</cd> -- <col>To let run</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen.</cd>
-- <col>To run after</col>, <cd>to pursue or follow; to search
for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as <xex>to run after<xex>
similies.</cd> <au>Locke.</au> -- <col>To run away</col>, <cd>to
flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or
guidance.</cd> -- <col>To run away with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or
elopement.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To drag rapidly and with
violence; <as>as, a horse <ex>runs away with</ex> a
carriage</as>.</cd> -- <col>To run down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of
the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc.</cd><--
batteries --> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To decline in condition; <as>as,
<ex>to run down</ex> in health</as>.</cd> -- <col>To run down a
coast</col>, <cd>to sail along it.</cd> -- <col>To run for an
office</col>, <cd>to stand as a candidate for an office.</cd> --
<mcol><col>To run in</col> <or/ <col>into</col></mcol>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To enter; to step in</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
come in collision with.</cd> -- <col>To run in trust</col>,
<cd>to run in debt; to get credit.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<col>To run in with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To close; to comply;
to agree with.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>T. Baker.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To make toward; to near; to
sail close to; as, <xex>to run in with</xex> the land.</cd> --
<mcol><col>To run mad</col>, <col>To run mad after</col> <or/
<col>on</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Mad</er>.</cd> -- <col>To
run on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be continued; as, their
accounts had <xex>run on</xex> for a year or two without a
settlement.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To talk incessantly</cd>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To continue a course</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To
press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard
on</cd>. <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <cd>To be continued in
the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new
paragraph</cd>. -- <col>To run out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
come to an end; to expire; as, the lease <xex>runs out</xex>
Michaelmas.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To extend; to spread</cd>.
\'bdInsectile animals . . . <xex>run</xex> all <xex>out</xex>
into legs.\'b8 <au>Hammond.</au> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To expatiate;
as, <xex>to run out</xex> into beautiful digressions.</cd>
<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to
become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon
<xex>run out</xex>.</cd>

<q>And had her stock been less, no doubt
She must have long ago <qex>run out</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

-- <col>To run over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To overflow; <as>as,
a cup <ex>runs over</ex>, or the liquor <ex>runs
over</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go over, examine, or
rehearse cursorily</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To ride or drive over;
<as>as, <ex>to run over</ex> a child</as>.</cd> -- <col>To run
riot</col>, <cd>to go to excess.</cd> -- <col>To run
through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go through hastily; <as>as
<ex>to run through</ex> a book</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate.</cd> -- <col>To
run to seed</col>, <cd>to expend or exhaust vitality in producing
seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease
growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind.</cd> --
<col>To run up</col>, <cd>to rise; to swell; to grow; to
increase; as, accounts of goods credited <xex>run up</xex> very
fast.</cd>

<q>But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had <qex>run
up</qex> into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

-- <col>To run with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be drenched with,
so that streams flow; <as>as, the streets <ex>ran with</ex>
blood</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To flow while charged with some
foreign substance</cd>. \'bdIts rivers <xex>ran with</xex>
gold.\'b8 <au>J. H. Newman.</au></cs>

<hw>Run</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
cause to run (in the various senses of <er>Run</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>); <as>as, to <ex>run<ex> a horse; to <ex>run<ex> a
stage; to <ex>run<ex> a machine; to <ex>run<ex> a rope through a
block</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pursue in thought; to carry in
contemplation.</def>

<q>To <qex>run</qex> the world back to its first original.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>

<q>I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and
<qex>run</qex> it up to its \'bdpunctum saliens.\'b8</q>
<qau>Collier.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to enter; to thrust; <as>as, to
<ex>run</ex> a sword into or through the body; to <ex>run</ex> a
nail into the foot</as>.</def>

<q>You <qex>run</qex> your head into the lion's mouth.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<q>Having <qex>run</qex> his fingers through his hair.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be
driven.</def>

<q>They <qex>ran</qex> the ship aground.</q>
<qau>Acts xxvii. 41.</qau>

<q>A talkative person <qex>runs</qex> himself upon great
inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>

<q>Others, accustomed to retired speculations, <qex>run</qex>
natural philosophy into metaphysical notions.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; <as>as, to
<ex>run</ex> bullets, and the like</as>.</def>

<q>The purest gold must be <qex>run</qex> and washed.</q>
<qau>Felton.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>To cause to be draw; to mark out; to indicate;
to determine; <as>as, to <ex>run</ex> a line</as>.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>To cause to pass, to evade, offical
restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable
goods.</def>

<q>heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of
<qex>running</qex> goods.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>To go through or accomplish by running; <as>as,
to <ex>run</ex> a race; to <ex>run</ex> a certain
career</as>.</def>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to
support for office; <as>as, to <ex>run</ex> some one for
Congress</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk;
<as>as, to <ex>run</ex> the risk of losing one's life. See <ex>To
run the chance</ex>, below</as>.</def> \'bdHe <xex>runneth</xex>
two dangers.\'b8

<au>Bacon.</au>

<-- "If we don't succeed, we run the risk of failure."  Quail.
-->

<sn>11.</sn> <def>To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.</def>

<q>He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and
<qex>run</qex> his fortune with them.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>

<sn>12.</sn> <def>To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously;
to be bathed with; <as>as, the pipe or faucet <ex>runs</ex> hot
water</as>.</def>

<q>At the base of Pompey's statua,
Which all the while <qex>ran</qex> blood, great C\'91sar
fell.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>13.</sn> <def>To be charged with, or to contain much of,
while flowing; <as>as, the rivers <ex>ran</ex> blood</as>.</def>

<sn>14.</sn> <def>To conduct; to manage; to carry on; <as>as, to
<ex>run</ex> a factory or a hotel</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.
U.S.]</mark>

<sn>15.</sn> <def>To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<sn>16.</sn> <def>To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle
through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series
of stitches on the needle at the same time.</def>

<sn>17.</sn> <def>To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish;
esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn.</def>

<cs><col>To run a blockade</col>, <cd>to get to, or away from, a
blockaded port in safety.</cd> -- <col>To run down</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <cd>To chase till the object
pursued is captured or exhausted; <as>as, <ex>to run down<ex>, a
stag</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To run
against and sink, as a vessel</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To crush; to
overthrow; to overbear</cd>. \'bdreligion is <xex>run down<xex>
by the license of these times.\'b8</cd> <au>Berkeley.</au>
<sd>(d)</sd> To disparage; to traduce. <au>F. W. Newman.</au> --
<col>To run hard</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To press in competition;
<as>as, <ex>to run</ex> one <ex>hard</ex> in a race</as>.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To urge or press importunately</cd>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To banter severely.</cd> -- <col>To run into the
ground</col>, <cd>to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo.
<mark>[Slang, U.S.</cd>]</mark><-- also, to operate a machine (as
a car) without maintenance, until it malfunctions or becomes
useless -->  -- <col>To run off</col>, <cd>to cause to flow away,
as a charge of molten metal from a furnace.</cd> -- <col>To run
on</col> <fld>(Print.<cd>)</fld>, to carry on or continue, as the
type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a
new paragraph.</cd> -- <col>To run out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
thrust or push out; to extend.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To waste; to
exhaust; <as>as, <ex>to run out</ex> an estate</as></cd>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <cd>To put out while running
between two bases.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To run the chances</col>,
<or/ <col>one's chances</col></mcol>, <cd>to encounter all the
risks of a certain course.</cd> -- <col>To run through</col>,
<cd>to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword.</cd>  \'bd[He] was
<xex>run through</xex> the body by the man who had asked his
advice.\'b8 <au>Addison.</au> -- <col>To run up</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To thrust up, as anything long and slender.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an
account</cd>.<-- e.g. to incur a debt, as to <ex>run up</ex> a
bill --> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To erect hastily, as a
building</cd>.</cs>

<hw>Run</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act
of running; <as>as, a long <ex>run</ex>; a good <ex>run</ex>; a
quick <ex>run</ex>; to go on the <ex>run</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small stream; a brook; a creek.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which runs or flows in the course of a
certain operation, or during a certain time; <as>as, a
<ex>run</ex> of must in wine making; the first <ex>run</ex> of
sap in a maple orchard</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A course; a series; that which continues in a
certain course or series; <as>as, a <ex>run</ex> of good or bad
luck</as>.</def>

<q>They who made their arrangements in the first <qex>run</qex>
of misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>State of being current; currency;
popularity.</def>

<q>it is impossible for detached papers to have a general
<qex>run</qex>, or long continuance, if not diversified with
humor.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a
play; <as>as, to have a <ex>run</ex> of a hundred successive
nights</as>.</def>

<q>A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense
<qex>run</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>A continuing urgent demand; especially, a
pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <def>A range or extent of ground for feeding stock;
<as>as, a sheep <ex>run</ex></as>.</def>

<au>Howitt.</au>

<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The aftermost
part of a vessel's hull where it narrows toward the stern, under
the quarter</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The distance sailed by a
ship; <as>as, a good <ex>run</ex>; a <ex>run</ex> of fifty
miles</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A voyage; <as>as,
<ex>run</ex> to China</as>.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <def>A pleasure excursion; a trip.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<q>A think of giving her a <qex>run</qex> in London.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>

<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The horizontal distance to
which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor
of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction
which a vein of ore or other substance takes.</def>

<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A roulade, or series of
running tones.</def>

<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The greatest degree of
swiftness in marching.  It is executed upon the same principles
as the double-quick, but with greater speed.</def>

<sn>14.</sn> <def>The act of migrating, or ascending a river to
spawn; -- said of fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes
which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of
spawning.</def>

<sn>15.</sn> <def>In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases
made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a
passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is
scored; <as>as, a player made three <ex>runs</ex>; the side went
out with two hundred <ex>runs</ex></as>.</def>

<q>The \'bd<qex>runs</qex>\'b8 are made from wicket to wicket,
the batsmen interchanging ends at each <qex>run</qex>.</q>
<qau>R. A. Proctor.</qau>

<sn>16.</sn> <def>A pair or set of millstones.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>At the long run</col>, <it>now, commonly</it>,
<col>In the long run</col></mcol>, <cd>in or during the whole
process or course of things taken together; in the final result;
in the end; finally.</cd>

<q>[Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he
surpasses them <qex>in the long run</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>

-- <col>Home run</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A running or returning
toward home, or to the point from which the start was made.</cd>
Cf. <cref>Home stretch</cref>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Home</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The run</col>,
<or/ <col>The common run</col>, etc.</mcol>, <cd>ordinary
persons; the generality or average of people or things; also,
that which ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or
kind.</cd>

<q>I saw nothing else that is superior to <qex>the common
run</qex> of parks.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>

<q>Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him,
merely because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to
<qex>the common run</qex> of men.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>

<q>His whole appearance was something out of <qex>the common
run</qex>.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>

-- <col>To let go by the run</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to
loosen and let run freely, as lines; to let fall without
restraint, as a sail.</cd></cs>

<hw>Run</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Melted, or made from
molten material; cast in a mold; <as>as, <ex>run</ex> butter;
<ex>run</ex> iron or lead</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Smuggled; <as>as, <ex>run</ex> goods</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Miss Edgeworth.</au>

<cs><col>Run steel</col>, <cd>malleable iron castings. See under
<er>Malleable</er>.</cd></cs>

<au>Raymond.</au>

<hw>Run"a*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>ren\'82gat</ets>, Prov. <ets>renegat</ets>. LL.
<ets>renegatus</ets>; confused with E. <ets>run</ets> and
<ets>gate</ets> a way. See <er>Renegate</er>.]</ety> <def>A
fugitive; a vagabond; an apostate; a renegade. See
<er>Renegade</er>.</def>

<au>Bunyan.</au>

<q>Wretched <qex>runagates</qex> from the jail.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>

<q>Who has not been a <qex>runagate</qex> from duty?</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>

<hw>Run"a*way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty, restraint,
etc.; a fugitive.</def>

<q>Thou <qex>runaway</qex>, thou coward, art thou fled?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of running away, esp. of a horse or
teams; <as>as, there was a <ex>runaway</ex> yesterday</as>.</def>

<hw>Run"a*way`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Running away;
fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; <as>as,
<ex>runaway</ex> soldiers; a <ex>runaway</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accomplished by running away or elopment, or
during flight; <as>as, a <ex>runaway</ex> marriage</as>.</def>

<-- <sn>3.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Won by a long lead; <as>as, a
<ex>runaway</ex> victory</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Very
successful; accomplishing success quickly; <as>as, a
<ex>runaway</ex> bestseller</as>.</def> --> 

<hw>Run*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>runcatio</ets>, fr. <ets>runcare</ets>to weed out.]</ety>
<def>A weedling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Evelyn.</au>

<hw>Runch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The wild radish.</def>

<au>Dr. Prior.</au>

<hw>Run"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>runcinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>runcinare</ets>to plane off,
fr. <ets>runcina</ets> a plane.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing downwards, as the leaf
of the dandelion.</def>

<hw>Run"del</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rindle</er>.]</ety> <def>A moat with water in it; also, a
small stream; a runlet.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<hw>Run"del</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rundle</er>.]</ety>
<def>A circle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hw>Run"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[E.
<ets>round</ets>. Cf. <er>Rondle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
round; a step of a ladder; a rung.</def>

<au>Duppa.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ball.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Holland.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something which rotates about an axis, as a
wheel, or the drum of a capstan.</def> \'bdAn axis or cylinder
having a <xex>rundle</xex> about it.\'b8

<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>One of the pins or trundles
of a lantern wheel.</def>

<hw>Rund"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of OF.
<ets>rondele</ets> a little tun, fr. <ets>rond</ets> round. See
<er>Round</er>, and cf. <er>Roundlet</er>,
<er>Runlet</er>.]</ety> <def>A small barrel of no certain
dimensions. It may contain from 3 to 20 gallons, but it usually
holds about 14<frac12/ gallons.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>runlet</asp>.]</altsp>

<hw>Rune</hw> <pr>(r<udd/n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>r<umac/n</ets> a rune, a secret, a mystery; akin to Icel.
<ets>r<umac/n</ets>, OHG. & Goth. <ets>r<umac/na</ets> a secret,
secret colloquy, G. & Dan. <ets>rune</ets> rune, and probably to
Gr. <grk>'ereyna^n</grk> to search for. Cf. <er>Roun</er> to
whisper.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A letter, or character,
belonging to the written language of the ancient Norsemen, or
Scandinavians; in a wider sense, applied to the letters of the
ancient nations of Northern Europe in general.</def>

<note><hand/ The Norsemen had a peculiar alphabet, consisting of
sixteen letters, or characters, called <xex>runes</xex>, the
origin of which is lost in the remotest antiquity. The
signification of the word <xex>rune</xex> (mystery) seems to
allude to the fact that originally only a few were acquainted
with the use of these marks, and that they were mostly applied to
secret tricks, witchcrafts and enchantments. But the runes were
also used in communication by writing.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Old Norse poetry expressed in
runes.</def>

<q><qex>Runes</qex> were upon his tongue,
As on the warrior's sword.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>

<cs><col>Rune stone</col>, <cd>a stone bearing a runic
inscription.</cd></cs>

<hw>Ru"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bard, or
learned man, among the ancient Goths.</def>

<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>

<hw>Rung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Ring</er>.</def>

<hw>Rung</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ronge</ets>, AS.
<ets>hrung</ets>, a staff, rod, pole; akin to G. <ets>runge</ets>
a short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. <ets>ronghe</ets> a
prop, support, Icel. <ets>r\'94ng</ets> a rib in a ship, Goth.
<ets>Hrugga</ets> a staff.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A floor timber in a ship.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the rounds of a ladder.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy
staff.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>One of the radial handles
projecting from the rim of a steering wheel; also, one of the
pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.</def>

<hw>Rung"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The upper end of a floor timber in
a ship.</def>

<hw>Ru"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining
to a rune, to runes, or to the Norsemen; <as>as, <ex>runic</ex>
verses; <ex>runic</ex> letters; <ex>runic</ex> names;
<ex>runic</ex> rhyme</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Runic staff</col>. <cd>See <cref>Clog almanac</cref>,
under <er>Clog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Runic wand</col>, <cd>a willow
wand bearing runes, formerly thought to have been used by the
heathen tribes of Northern Europe in magical
ceremonies.</cd></cs>

<hw>Run"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Run</ets>
+ <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little run or stream; a
streamlet; a brook.</def>

<q>To trace out to its marshy source every <qex>runlet</qex> that
has cast in its tiny pitcherful with the rest.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>

<hw>Run"let</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Rundlet</er>.</def> \'bdA stoup of sack, or a
<xex>runlet</xex> of canary.\'b8

<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>

<-- p. 1262 -->

<hw>Run"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Run</er>. Cf. <er>Rundle</er>.]</ety> <def>A rivulet or small
brook.</def>

<q>Buddling <qex>rundels</qex> joined the sound.</q>
<qau>Collins.</qau>

<q>By the very sides of the way . . . there are slow
<qex>runnels</qex>, in which one can see the minnows
swimming.</q>
<qau>Masson.</qau>

<hw>Run"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Run</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which,
runs; a racer.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A detective.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<au>Dickens.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A messenger.</def>

<au>Swift.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A smuggler.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>R. North.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>One employed to solicit patronage, as for a
steamboat, hotel, shop, etc.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender trailing branch
which takes root at the joints or end and there forms new plants,
as in the strawberry and the common cinquefoil.</def>

<sn>7.</sn> <def>The rotating stone of a set of millstones.</def>

<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope through a block and
used to increase the mechanical power of a tackle.</def>

<au>Totten.</au>

<sn>9.</sn> <def>One of the pieces on which a sled or sleigh
slides; also the part or blade of a skate which slides on the
ice.</def>

<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A horizontal
channel in a mold, through which the metal flows to the cavity
formed by the pattern; also, the waste metal left in such a
channel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A trough or channel for leading
molten metal from a furnace to a ladle, mold, or pig bed.</def>

<sn>11.</sn> <def>The movable piece to which the ribs of an
umbrella are attached.</def>

<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A food fish
(<spn>Elagatis pinnulatis</spn>) of Florida and the West Indies;
-- called also <altname>skipjack</altname>,
<altname>shoemaker</altname>, and <altname>yellowtail</altname>.
The name alludes to its rapid successive leaps from the
water.</def>

<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any cursorial bird.</def>

<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A movable slab
or rubber used in grinding or polishing a surface of stone.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tool on which lenses are fastened in a group,
for polishing or grinding.</def>

<hw>Run"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rennet</er>.</def>

<hw>Run"ning</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Moving or advancing by running.</def> Specifically, of a
horse; <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a running gait; not a trotter or
pacer</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>trained and kept for running
races; <as>as, a <ex>running</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<au>Law.</au>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Successive; one following the other without
break or intervention; -- said of periods of time; <as>as, to be
away two days <ex>running</ex>; to sow land two years
<ex>running</ex></as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Flowing; easy; cursive; <as>as, a
<ex>running</ex> hand</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Continuous; keeping along step by step; <as>as,
he stated the facts with a <ex>running</ex>
explanation</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>running</xex> conquest.\'b8

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>What are art and science if not a <qex>running</qex>
commentary on Nature?</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>

<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Extending by a slender
climbing or trailing stem; <as>as, a <ex>running</ex>
vine</as>.</def>

<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Discharging pus; <as>as, a
<ex>running</ex> sore</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Running block</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a block in
an arrangement of pulleys which rises or sinks with the weight
which is raised or lowered.</cd> -- <col>Running board</col>,
<cd>a narrow platform extending along the side of a
locomotive.</cd><-- or automobile(pre-1960) --> -- <col>Running
bowsprit</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Reefing
bowsprit</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Running days</col>
<fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>the consecutive days occupied on a voyage
under working days.</cd> <au>Simmonds.</au> -- <col>Running
fire</col>, <cd>a constant fire of musketry or cannon.</cd> --
<col>Running gear</col>, <cd>the wheels and axles of a vehicle,
and their attachments, in distinction from the body; all the
working parts of a locomotive or other machine, in distinction
from the framework.</cd> -- <col>Running hand</col>, <cd>a style
of rapid writing in which the letters are usually slanted and the
words formed without lifting the pen; -- distinguished from
<cref>round hand</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Running part</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>that part of a rope that is hauled upon,
-- in distinction from the <xex>standing part</xex>.</cd> --
<col>Running rigging</col> <fld>(Naut.<cd>)</fld>, that part of a
ship's rigging or ropes which passes through blocks, etc.; -- is
distinction from <xex>standing rigging</xex>.</cd> --
<col>Running title</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>the title of a
book or chapter continued from page to page on the upper
margin.</cd><-- it may be different, for conciseness, from the
title on the first page. --></cs>

<hw>Run"ning</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who, or of
that which runs; <as>as, the <ex>running</ex> was
slow</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which runs or flows; the quantity of a
liquid which flows in a certain time or during a certain
operation; <as>as, the first <ex>running</ex> of a
still</as>.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>The discharge from an ulcer or other sore.</def>

<cs><col>At long running</col>, <cd>in the long run.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Jer. Taylor.</au></cs>

<hw>Run"ning*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a running
manner.</def>

<hw>Run"nion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Ronion.</er></def>

<hw>Ru*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Rune</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science
of runes.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ru*nol"o*gist</wf>
<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Run"round`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A felon or
whitlow.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Runt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>rant</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Scot. <ets>runt</ets> an old cow.
<?/ withered woman, a hardened stem or stalk, <?/ of a tree; cf.
D. <ets>rund</ets> a bullock, an ox or <?/. Cf. <er>Rother</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
animal which is unusually small, as compared with others of its
kind; -- applied particulary to domestic animals.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of domestic
pigeon, related to the barb and carrier.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dwarf; also, a mean, despicable, boorish
person; -- used opprobriously.</def>

<q>Before I buy a bargain of such <qex>runts</qex>,
I'll buy a college for bears, and live among 'em.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>The dead stump of a tree; also, the stem of a
plant.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell.</au>

<q>Neither young poles nor old <qex>runts</qex> are durable.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>

<hw>Runt"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a runt;
diminutive; mean.</def>

<hw>Run"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The channel of a stream.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The beaten path made, by deer or other animals
in passing to and from their feeding grounds.</def>

<hw>Ru*pee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Hind.<ets>r<?/piyah</ets>, fr. Skr. <ets>r<?/py</ets>
silver, coined silver or gold, handsome.]</ety> <def>A silver
coin, and money of account, in the East Indies.</def>

<note><hand/ The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas, the
standard coin of India, by the United States Treasury
departament, varies from time to time with the price silver. In
1889 it was rated at about thirty-two cents.</note>

<hw>Ru"pel*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>rupes</ets> a rock.]</ety> <def>Rocky.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThis <xex>rupellary</xex> nidary.\'b8

<au>Evelyn.</au>

<hw>Ru"pert's drop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A kind of glass drop
with a long tail, made by dropping melted glass into water. It is
remarkable for bursting into fragments when the surface is
scratched or the tail broken; -- so called from Prince
<xex>Rupert</xex>, nephew of Charles I., by whom they were first
brought to England. Called also <altname>Rupert's ball</altname>,
and <altname>glass tear</altname>.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ru"pi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
G. <?/ filth, dirt.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An eruption
upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed base and
filled with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries up,
forming a blackish crust.</def>

<hw>Ru"pi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to rupia.</def>

<hw>\'d8Ru*pic"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>rupes</ets>, gen. <ets>rupis</ets>, a rock +
<ets>colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
genus of beautiful South American passerine birds, including the
cock of the rock.</def>

<note><hand/ The species are remarkable for having an elevated
fan-shaped crest of feathers on the head, and for the beautiful
color of their plumage, which is mostly some delicate shade of
yellow or orange.</note>

<hw>Ru*pic"o*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Rock-inhabiting.</def>

<hw>Rup"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruptio</ets>, fr. <ets>rumpere</ets>, <ets>ruptum</ets> to
break.]</ety> <def>A breaking or bursting open; breach;
rupture.</def> \'bdBy <xex>ruption</xex> or apertion.\'b8

<au>Wiseman.</au>

<hw>Rup"tu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<ets>Roturier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One not of noble blood; a
plebeian; a roturier.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<q>The exclusion of the French <qex>ruptuaries</qex>
(\'bdroturiers,\'b8 for history must find a word for this class
when it speaks of other nations) from the order of nobility.</q>
<qau>Chenevix.</qau>

<hw>Rup"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruptura</ets>, fr. <ets>rumpere</ets>, <ets>ruptum</ets> to
break: cf. F. <ets>rupture</ets>. See <er>Reave</er>, and cf.
<er>Rout</er> a defeat.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
breaking apart, or separating; the state of being asunder;
<as>as, the <ex>rupture</ex> of the skin; the <ex>rupture</ex> of
a vessel or fiber; the <ex>rupture</ex> of a
lutestring</as>.</def>

<au>Arbuthnot.</au>

<q>Hatch from the egg, that soon,
Bursting with kindly <qex>rupture</qex>, forth disclosed
Their callow young.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Breach of peace or concord between individuals;
open hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly
relations; <as>as, the parties came to a
<ex>rupture</ex></as>.</def>

<q>He knew that policy would desincline Napoleon from a
<qex>rupture</qex> with his family.</q>
<qau>E. Everett.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hernia. See
<er>Hernia</er>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less
sudden manner than by explosion. See <er>Explosion</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Modulus of rupture</col>. <cd>(Engin.) See under
<er>Modulus</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption;
dissolution. See <er>Fracture</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rup"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Ruptured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Rupturing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
part by violence; to break; to burst; <as>as, to <ex>rupture</ex>
a blood vessel</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To produce a hernia in.</def>

<hw>Rup"ture</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To suffer a breach or
disruption.</def>

<hw>Rup"tured</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having a rupture, or hernia.</def>

<hw>Rup"ture*wort"</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as
<er>Burstwort</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A West Indian plant
(<spn>Alternanthera polygonoides</spn>) somewhat resembling
burstwort.</def>

<hw>Ru"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
L.<ets>ruralis</ets>, fr. <ets>rus</ets>, <ets>ruris</ets>, the
country. Cf. <er>Room</er> space, <er>Rustic</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the country, as
distinguished from a city or town; living in the country;
suitable for, or resembling, the country; rustic; <as>as,
<ex>rural</ex> scenes; a <ex>rural</ex> prospect</as>.</def>

<q>Here is a <qex>rural</qex> fellow; . . . 
He brings you figs.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to agriculture; <as>as,
<ex>rural</ex> economy</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Rural dean</col>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Dean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rural deanery</col>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the state, office, or residence, of a
rural dean.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Rustic.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rural</er>,
<er>Rustic</er>. <xex>Rural</xex> refers to the country itself;
as, <xex>rural</xex> scenes, prospects, delights, etc.
<xex>Rustic</xex> refers to the character, condition, taste,
etc., of the original inhabitans of the country, who were
generally uncultivated and rude; as, <xex>rustic</xex> manners; a
<xex>rustic</xex> dress; a <xex>rustic</xex> bridge; rustic
architecture, etc.

<q>We turn
To where the silver Thames first <qex>rural</qex> grows.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>

<q>Lay bashfulness, that <qex>rustic</qex> virtue, by;
To manly confidence thy throughts apply.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
</usage>

<hw>\'d8Ru"ra"les</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gossamer-winged
butterflies; a family of small butterflies, including the
hairstreaks, violets, and theclas.</def>

<hw>Ru"ral*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The quality or state of being rural; ruralness.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rural idiom or expression.</def>

<hw>Ru"ral*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who leads a rural
life.</def>

<au>Coventry.</au>

<hw>Ru*ral"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
-<plw>ties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LL.
<ets>ruralitas</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or
state of being rural.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rural place.</def> \'bdLeafy
<xex>ruralities</xex>.\'b8

<au>Carlyle.</au>

<hw>Ru"ral*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ruralized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ruralizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To render rural; to give a rural
appearance to.</def>

<hw>Ru"ral*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become rural; to go
into the country; to rusticate.</def>

<hw>Ru"ral*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rural manner; as in
the country.</def>

<hw>Ru"ral*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being rural.</def>

<hw>Ru*ric"o*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>ruricola</ets>; <ets>rus</ets>, <ets>ruris</ets>, the
country + <ets>colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <def>An inhabitant
of the country.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Bailey.</au>

<hw>Ru`ri*dec"a*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rus</ets>, <ets>ruris</ets> the country + <ets>decanus</ets>
the chief of ten. See <er>Dean</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining
to a rural dean; <as>as, a <ex>ruridecanal</ex> district; the
<ex>ruridecanal</ex> intellect</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hw>Ru*rig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rurigena</ets>; <ets>rus</ets>, <ets>ruris</ets>, the
country + <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to bring forth,
pass., to be born.]</ety> <def>Born in the country.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Ruse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. OF.
<ets>re\'81ser</ets>, <ets>rehuser</ets>, to turn aside, to
shuffle, retreat, fr. L. <ets>recusare</ets> to refuse; pref.
<ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>causa</ets> cause. See
<er>Cause</er>, and cf. <er>Recusant</er>.]</ety> <def>An
artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraund; deceit.</def>

<cs><col>\'d8Ruse de guerre</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[F.]</ety>,
<cd>a stratagem of war.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rusche</ets>, <ets>rische</ets>, <ets>resche</ets>, AS.
<ets>risce</ets>, akin to LG. <ets>rusk</ets>, <ets>risch</ets>,
D. & G. <ets>rusch</ets>; all probably fr. L. <ets>ruscum</ets>
butcher's broom; akin to Goth. <ets>raus</ets> reed, G.
<ets>rohr</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name
given to many aquatic or marsh-growing endogenous plants with
soft, slender stems, as the species of <spn>Juncus</spn> and
<spn>Scirpus</spn>.</def>

<note><hand/ Some species are used in bottoming chairs and
plaiting mats, and the pith is used in some places for wicks to
lamps and rushlights.</note>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The merest trifle; a straw.</def>

<q>John Bull's friendship is not worth a <qex>rush</qex>.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>

<cs><col>Bog rush</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bog</er>.</cd> --
<col>Club rush</col>, <cd>any rush of the genus
<spn>Scirpus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Flowering rush</col>. <cd>See
under <er>Flowering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Nut rush</col>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any plant of the genus <spn>Scleria</spn>,
rushlike plants with hard nutlike fruits</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A
name for several species of <spn>Cyperus</spn> having tuberous
roots.</cd> -- <col>Rush broom</col>, <cd>an Australian
leguminous plant (<spn>Viminaria denudata</spn>), having long,
slender branches. Also, the Spanish broom. See under
<er>Candle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rush grass</col>, <cd>any grass of
the genus <spn>Vilfa</spn>, grasses with wiry stems and
one-flowered spikelets.</cd> -- <col>Rush toad</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the natterjack.</cd> -- <col>Scouring
rush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Dutch rush</cref>,
under <er>Dutch.</er> -- <col>Spike rush</col>, any rushlike
plant of the genus <spn>Eleocharis</spn>, in which the flowers
grow in dense spikes.</cd> -- <col>Sweet rush</col>, <cd>a
sweet-scented grass of Arabia, etc. (<spn>Andropogon
sch\'d2nanthus</spn>), used in Oriental medical practice.</cd> --
<col>Wood rush</col>, <cd>any plant of the genus
<spn>Luzula</spn>, which differs in some technical characters
from <spn>Juncus</spn>.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rushed</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ruschen</ets>; cf.
AS. <ets>hryscan</ets> to make a noise, D. <ets>ruischen</ets> to
rustle, G. <ets>rauschen</ets>, MHG. <ets>r<?/schen</ets> ro
rush, to rustle, LG. <ets>rusken</ets>, OSw. <ets>ruska</ets>,
Icel. & Sw. <ets>ruska</ets> to shake, Dan. <ets>ruske</ets> to
shake, and E. <ets>rouse</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move
forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity or
haste; <as>as, armies <ex>rush</ex> to battle; waters
<ex>rush</ex> down a precipice</as>.</def>

<q>Like to an entered tide, they all <qex>rush</qex> by.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enter into something with undue haste and
eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; <as>as,
to <ex>rush</ex> business or speculation</as>.</def>

<q>They . . . never think it to be a part of religion to
<qex>rush</qex> into the office of princes and ministers.</q>
<qau>Sprat.</qau>

<hw>Rush</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To push or urge
forward with impetuosity or violence; to hurry forward.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination)
without an error.</def> <mark>[College Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Rush</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A moving forward
with rapidity and force or eagerness; a violent motion or course;
<as>as, a <ex>rush</ex> of troops; a <ex>rush</ex> of winds; a
<ex>rush</ex> of water</as>.</def>

<q>A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a
violent <qex>rush</qex>, severed him from the duke.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Great activity with pressure; <as>as, a
<ex>rush</ex> of business</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A perfect recitation.</def> <mark>[College Cant,
U.S.]</mark>

<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Football)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A rusher;
<as>as, the center <ex>rush</ex>, whose place is in the center of
the rush line; the end <ex>rush</ex></as>.</def><-- now, lineman.
--> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act of running with the ball.</def>
<-- rushing. -->

<cs><col>Bunt rush</col> <fld>(Football)</fld>, <cd>a combined
rush by main strength.</cd> -- <col>Rush line</col>
<fld>(Football)</fld>, <cd>the line composed of
rushers.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rush"-bear`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind
of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when the
parishioners brought rushes to strew the church.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<au>Nares.</au>

<hw>Rush"buc`kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>That flock of stout, bragging <qex>rushbucklers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>

<hw>Rushed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding or
covered with rushes.</def>

<hw>Rush"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
rushes.</def>

<au>Whitlock.</au>

<hw>Rush"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who strewed rushes on
the floor at dances.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>B. Jonson.</au>

<hw>Rush"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rushy</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of abounding
with rushes.</def>

<hw>Rush"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rushing
manner.</def>

<hw>Rush"light`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rush
candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light.</def>

<hw>Rush"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a
rush; weak.</def>

<hw>Rush"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with rushes.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Made of rushes.</def>

<q>Me <qex>rushy</qex> couch and frugal fare.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>

<hw>Ru"sine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>rusa</ets>, the name of the genus, Malay
<ets>r<umac/sa</ets> deer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of,
like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus <spn>Rusa</spn>,
which includes the sambur deer (<spn>Rusa Aristotelis</spn>) of
India.</def>

<cs><col>Rusine antler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an antler
with the brow tyne simple, and the beam forked at the
tip.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rusk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>rosca de
mar</ets> sea rusks, a kind of biscuit, <ets>rosca</ets> properly
meaning, a screw, spiral.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of
light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or
crisped in an oven; or a kind of sweetened biscuit.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for
stores</def>

<au>Smart.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bread or cake which has been made brown and
crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar.</def>

<hw>Rus"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt. from
Turk. <ets>khyryzma</ets> a paste used as a depilatory, fr. Gr.
<?/ an unguent; cf. F. <ets>rusma</ets>.]</ety> <def>A depilatory
made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the Turks. See
<er>Rhusma</er>.</def>

<hw>Russ</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A Russian, or the Russians.</def> <mark>[Rare, except in
poetry.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language of the Russians.</def>

<hw>Russ</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Russians.</def>

<hw>Rus"set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>rousset</ets>, dim. of <ets>roux</ets> red, L.
<ets>russus</ets> (for <ets>rudtus</ets>, <ets>rudhtus</ets>),
akin to E. <ets>red</ets>. See <er>Red</er>, and cf.
<er>Roussette</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of a reddish brown
color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of
blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions,
namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of
a yellowish brown color.</def>

<q>The morn, in <qex>russet</qex> mantle clad.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Our summer such a <qex>russet</qex> livery wears.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coarse; homespun; rustic.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au>

<hw>Rus"set</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A russet color;
a pigment of a russet color.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cloth or clothing of a russet color.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>A country dress; -- so called because often of a
russet color.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; <as>as,
the <ex>English russet</ex>, and the <ex>Roxbury
russet</ex></as>.</def>

<hw>Rus"set*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Russet</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2 and 4.</def>

<hw>Rus"set*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a russet
color; russet.</def>

<-- p. 1263 -->

<hw>Rus"sia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A country of
Europe and Asia.</def>

<cs><col>Russia iron</col>, <cd>a kind of sheet iron made in
Russia, having a lustrous blue-black surface.</cd> -- <col>Russia
leather</col>, <cd>a soft kind of leather, made originally in
Russia but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from being
impregnated with an oil obtained from birch bark. It is much used
in bookbinding, on account of its not being subject to mold, and
being proof against insects.</cd> -- <col>Russia matting</col>,
<cd>matting manufactured in Russia from the inner bark of the
linden (<spn>Tilia Europ\'91a</spn>).</cd></cs>

<hw>Rus"sian</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Russia; the
language of Russia.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Russian bath</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Bath</er>.</cd></cs><-- Russian roulette -- an act of bravado
played by loading one bullet into one chamber of a revolver in
which the cylinder has five or six positions, spinning the
cylinder (thus moving the bullet randomly to one of the six
positions of the cylinder), pointing the gun to one's head, and
pulling the trigger.  If the bullet is in firing position, the
"player" is usually killed.  Such a "game" may be played on a
dare, or, in some places, as part of a gamble.
 2. (Fig.) Any dangerous act resembling Russian roulette in the
acceptance of a high risk of serious negative consequences,
usually unnecessarily.  -->

<hw>Rus"sian*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make
Russian, or more or less like the Russians; <as>as, to
<ex>Russianize</ex> the Poles</as>.</def>

<hw>Rus"si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Russia</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (im comp.) to
make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of being
Russified.</def>

<hw>Rus"si*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>russifier.</ets> See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To
Russianize; <as>as, to <ex>Russify</ex> conquered
tribes</as>.</def>

<-- Russky Pl. Russkies, a Russian [Colloq.] -->

<mhw>{ <hw>Rus"so*phile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Rus"soph"i*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Russia</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to love: cf. F.
<ets>russophile</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, not being a Russian,
favors Russian policy and aggrandizement.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Rus*soph"ilism</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms> <mark>[Chiefly newspaper words.]</mark>

<mhw>{ <hw>Rus"so*phobe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Rus*soph"o*bist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<ety>[<ets>Russia</ets> + Gr. <?/ to fear.]</ety> <def>One who
dreads Russia or Russian influence.</def> <mark>[Words sometimes
found in the newspapers.]</mark>

<hw>Rus`so*pho"bi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Morbid
dread of Russia or of Russian influence.</def>

<hw>Rust</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rust</ets>; akin to D. <ets>roest</ets>, G. & Sw.
<ets>rost</ets>, Icel. <ets>ry\'eb</ets>; -- named from its
color, and akin to E. <ets>red</ets>. \'fb113. See
<er>Red</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The
reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air,
consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any
metallic film of corrosion.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A minute mold or fungus
forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal
and other grasses (<spn>Trichobasis Rubigo-vera</spn>), now
usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew
(<spn>Puccinia graminis</spn>). As rust, it has solitary reddish
spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish.</def>

<note><hand/ <xex>Rust</xex> is also applied to many other minute
fungi which infest vegetation, such as the species of
<spn>Ustilago</spn>, <spn>Uredo</spn>, and
<spn>Lecythea</spn>.</note>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which resembles rust in appearance or
effects.</def> Specifically: (a) <def>A composition used in
making a rust joint</def>. See <cref>Rust joint</cref>, below.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Foul matter arising from degeneration; <as>as,
<ex>rust</ex> on salted meat</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence.</def>

<q>Sacred truths cleared from all <qex>rust</qex> and dross of
human mixtures.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>

<note><hand/ <xex>Rust</xex> is used in the formation of
compounds of obvious meaning; as, <xex>rust</xex>-colored,
<xex>rust</xex>-consumed, <xex>rust</xex>-eaten, and the
like.</note>

<cs><col>Rust joint</col>, <cd>a joint made between surfaces of
iron by filling the space between them with a wet mixture of
cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac, and sulphur, which by oxidation
becomes hard, and impervious to steam, water, etc.</cd> --
<col>Rust mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a minute mite
(<spn>Phytopius oleivorus</spn>) which, by puncturing the rind,
causes the rust-colored patches on oranges.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rust</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rusted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rustian</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To contract rust; to
be become oxidized.</def>

<q>If gold <qex>ruste</qex>, what shall iron do?</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>Our armors now may <qex>rust</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be affected with the parasitic fungus called
rust; also, to acquire a rusty appearance. as plants.</def>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull
or impaired by inaction.</def>

<q>Must I <qex>rust</qex> in Egypt? never more
Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>

<hw>Rust</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any
kind.</def>

<q>Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will <qex>rust</qex>
them.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity.</def>

<au>Johmson.</au>

<hw>Rust"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of rust;
resembling rust; causing rust; rusty.</def>
\'bd<xex>Rustful</xex> sloth.\'b8

<au>Quarles.</au>

<hw>Rus"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rusticus</ets>, fr. <ets>rus</ets>, <ets>ruris</ets>, the
country: cf. F. <ets>rustique</ets>. See <er>Rural</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the country; rural; <as>as,
the <ex>rustic</ex> gods of antiquity</as>.</def>

<au>Milton.</au>

<q>And many a holy text around she strews,
That teach the <qex>rustic</qex> moralist to die.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>

<q>She had a <qex>rustic</qex>, woodland air.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; <as>as,
<ex>rustic</ex> manners</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>rustic</xex>
muse.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Coarse; plain; simple; <as>as, a <ex>rustic</ex>
entertainment; <ex>rustic</ex> dress</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<cs><col>Rustic moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth
belonging to <spn>Agrotis</spn> and allied genera. Their larv\'91
are called <xex>cutworms<xex>. See <er>Cutworm</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rustic work</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>Cut
stone facing which has the joints worked with grooves or
channels, the face of each block projecting beyond the joint, so
that the joints are very conspicuous</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Arch. & Woodwork)</fld> <cd>Summer houses, or furniture for
summer houses, etc., made of rough limbs of trees fancifully
arranged.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught;
artless; honest. See <er>Rural</er>.</syn>

<hw>Rus"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An inhabitant of
the country, especially one who is rude, coarse, or dull; a
clown.</def>

<q>Hence to your fields, you <qex>rustics</qex>! hence, away.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rural person having a natural simplicity of
character or manners; an artless, unaffected person.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<hw>Rus`tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Rustic.</def> \'bd<xex>Rustical</xex> society.\'b8

<au>Thackeray.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rus"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Rus"tic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rus"ti*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rusticated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rusticating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>rusticaticus</ets>, <ets>p. p. of rusticari</ets> to
rusticate. See <er>Rustic</er>.]</ety> <def>To go into or reside
in the country; to ruralize.</def>

<au>Pope.</au>

<hw>Rus"ti*cate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To require or compel
to reside in the country; to banish or send away temporarily; to
impose rustication on.</def>

<q>The town is again beginning to be full, and the
<qex>rusticated</qex> beauty sees an end of her banishment.</q>
<qau>Idler.</qau>

<hw>Rus"ti*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>resembling rustic work. See <cref>Rustic
work</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Rustic</er>.</def>

<hw>Rus`ti*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rusticatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
rusticating, or the state of being rusticated; specifically, the
punishment of a student for some offence, by compelling him to
leave the institution for a time.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Rustic work.</def>

<hw>Rus*tic"*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rusticatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rusticit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners;
rudeness; simplicity; artlessness.</def>

<q>The sweetness and <qex>rusticity</qex> of a pastoral can not
be so well expressed in any other tongue as in the Greek, when
rightly mixed and qualified with the Doric dialect.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>

<q>The Saxons were refined from their <qex>rusticity</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>

<hw>Rus"tic*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
rustic manner; rustically.</def>

<au>Chapman.</au>

<hw>Rust"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rusty
state.</def>

<hw>Rust"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being rusty.</def>

<hw>Rus"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Rustled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Rustling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hristlan</ets> to
rustle; or cf. Sw. <ets>rusta</ets> to stir, make a riot, or E.
<ets>rush</ets>, v.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a quick
succession of small sounds, like the rubbing or moving of silk
cloth or dry leaves.</def>

<q>He is coming; I hear his straw <qex>rustle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<q>Prouder than <qex>rustling</qex> in unpaid-for silk.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stir about energetically; to strive to
succeed; to bustle about.</def> <mark>[Slang, Western
U.S.]</mark>

<-- To steal, esp. cattle -->

<hw>Rus"tle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to rustle;
<as>as, the wind <ex>rustles</ex> the leaves</as>.</def>

<hw>Rus"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A quick succession or
confusion of small sounds, like those made by shaking leaves or
straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a rustling.</def>

<q>When the noise of a torrent, the <qex>rustle</qex> of a wood,
the song of birds, or the play of lambs, had power to fill the
attention, and suspend all perception of the course of time.</q>
<qau>Idler.</qau>

<hw>Rus"tler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, rustles.</def>
<-- esp. cattle rustler -->

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bovine animal that can care for itself in any
circumstances; also, an alert, energetic, driving person.</def>
<mark>[Slang, Western U.S.]</mark>

<hw>Rust"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from
rust.</def>

<hw>Rust"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>rustig</ets>.]</ety> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Rustier</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Rustiest.</er>] <sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered or affected with
rust; <as>as, a <ex>rusty</ex> knife or sword; <ex>rusty</ex>
wheat</as>.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect.</def>
<-- less skillful than when in continued practise -->

<q>[Hector,] in this dull and long-continued truce,
Is <qex>rusty</qex> grown.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>

<sn>3.</sn> <def>Discolored and rancid; reasty; <as>as,
<ex>rusty</ex> bacon</as>.</def>

<sn>4.</sn> <def>Surly; morose; crusty; sullen.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Rusty</xex> words.\'b8

<au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<sn>5.</sn> <def>Rust-colored; dark.</def> \'bd<xex>Rusty</xex>
blood.\'b8

<au>Spenser.</au>

<sn>6.</sn> <def>Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept;
filthy.</def>

<q>The <qex>rustly</qex> little schooners that bring fire wood
from the Brititsh provinces.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>

<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or covered with a
substance resembling, rust; affected with rust; rubiginous.</def>

<hw>Rut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>rut</ets>,
OF. <ets>ruit</ets>, L. <ets>ruditus</ets> a roaring, fr.
<ets>rugire</ets> to roar; -sp called from the noise made by deer
in rutting time.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<def>Sexual desire or \'d2strus of deer, cattle, and various
other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the \'d2strus
exists.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore;
rote. See <er>Rote</er>.</def>

<hw>Rut</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Rutted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Rutting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To have a strong sexual
impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle,
etc.</def>

<hw>Rut</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover in copulation.</def>

<au>Dryden.</au>

<hw>Rut</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[variant of
<ets>route</ets>.]</ety> <def>A track worn by a wheel or by
habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs.
Also used figuratively.</def>

<-- (Fig.) Habitual, unvarying activity -- usually used in the
phrase <it>in a rut</it>. -->

<hw>Rut</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a rut or ruts in; --
chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj; <as>as, a
<ex>rutted</ex> road</as>.</def>

<hw>Ru`ta-ba"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of turnip commonly with a large and
long or ovoid yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See
<er>Turnip</er>.</def>

<hw>Ru*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rutaceous</ets>, from <ets>ruta</ets> rue. See <er>Rue</er>
the plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
plants of a natural order (<spn>Rutac\'91</spn>) of which the rue
is the type, and which includes also the orange, lemon, dittany,
and buchu.</def>

<hw>Ru"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A salt of rutic acid.</def>

<hw>Ruth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Rue</er>, <pos>v.</pos>: cf. Icel. <ets>hrygg<edh/</ets>,
<ets>hryg<edh/</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sorrow for the
misery of another; pity; tenderness.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
\'bdThey weep for <xex>ruth</xex>.\'b8 <au>Chaucer.</au> 
\'bdHave <xex>ruth</xex> of the poor.\'b8 <au>Piers Plowman.</au>

<q>To stir up gentle <qex>ruth</qex>,
Both for her noble blood, and for her tender youth.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which causes pity or compassion; misery;
distress; a pitiful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>It had been hard this <qex>ruth</qex> for to see.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>

<q>With wretched miseries and woeful <qex>ruth</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>

<hw>Ru*then"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium;
specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a
higher valence as contrasted with <xex>ruthenious</xex>
compounds.</def>

<hw>Ru*the"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium;
designating those compounds in which it has a lower valence as
contrasted with <xex>ruthenic</xex> compounds.</def>

<hw>Ru*the"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. So
named from the <ets>Ruthenians</ets>, a Little Russian people, as
coming from Russia, the metal having been found in the Ural
mountains.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element of the
light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and
isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very
infusible. Symbol Ru.  Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity
12.26. See <cref>Platinum metals</cref>, under
<er>Platinum</er>.</def>

<hw>Ruth"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
ruth</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pitiful; tender</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Full of sorrow; woeful</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Causing sorrow.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ruth"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ruth"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no ruth; cruel;
pitiless.</def>

<q>Their rage the hostile bands restrain,
All but the <qex>ruthless</qex> monarch of the main.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ruth"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Ruth"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Ru"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Rutaceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>pertaining to,
or obtained from, rue (<spn>Ruta</spn>); <as>as, <ex>rutic</ex>
acid, now commonly called <altname>capric
acid</altname></as>.</def>

<hw>Ru"ti*lant</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rutilans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>rutilare</ets> to have a
reddish glow, fr. <ets>rutilus</ets> red: cf. F.
<ets>rutilant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a reddish glow;
shining.</def>

<q>Parchments . . . colored with this <qex>rutilant</qex>
mixture.</q>
<qau>Evelin.</qau>

<hw>Ru"ti*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rutilare</ets>, <ets>rutilatum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shine;
to emit rays of light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Ure.</au>

<hw>Ru"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>rutilus</ets> red, inclining to golden yellow.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral usually of a reddish brown
color, and brilliant metallic adamantine luster, occurring in
tetragonal crystals. In composition it is titanium dioxide, like
octahedrite and brooklite.</def>

<hw>Ru*til"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of lamellicorn beetles
belonging to <spn>Rurila</spn> and allied genera, as the spotted
grapevine beetle (<spn>Pelidnota punctata</spn>).</def>

<hw>Ru"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin
is found in the leaves of the rue (<spn>Ruta graveolens</spn>)
and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline
substance which yields quercitin on decomposition.</def>

<-- <hw>Rutinose.</hw> <def>A disaccharide present in
glycosides</def>.  Prepared from rutin by hydrolysis with
rhamnodiastase. 
<altname>6-O-<alpha/-L-rhamnosyl-D-glucose</altname>;
<chform>C12H22O10</chform>. -->

<hw>Rut"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>ruiter</ets> a rider. Cf. <er>Ruttier</er>.]</ety> <def>A
horseman or trooper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<q>Such a regiment of <qex>rutters</qex>
Never defied men braver.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>

<hw>Rut"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Rut</er>.]</ety>
<def>That which ruts.</def>

<hw>Rut"ter*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An old
crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of contempt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Cotgrave.</au>

<hw>Rut"ti*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>routier</ets>, fr. <ets>route</ets> a road. See
<er>Route</er>.]</ety> <def>A chart of a course, esp. at
sea.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rut"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to
rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious.</def>

<au>Shak.</au>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rut"tish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<hw>Rut"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rattling sound in the
throat arising from difficulty of breathing; a rattle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>Rut"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ruttish;
lustful.</def>

<hw>Rut"ty</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of ruts; <as>as a
<ex>rutty</ex> road</as>.</def>

<hw>Rut"ty</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Root</er>.]</ety>
<def>Rooty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Spenser.</au>

<hw>Ru"ty*lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon,
<chform>C10H18</chform>, of the acetylene series. It is produced
artificially.</def>

<hw>Ry"al</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Royal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ry"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rial</er>, and old English coin.</def>

<hw>Ry"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
clause added to a document; a rider. See <er>Rider</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[D. <ets>rijder</ets>, properly, a rider.]</ety>
<def>A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] equal to 14 florins,
about $ 5.60.</def>

<hw>Rye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>rie</ets>, <ets>reie</ets>, AS. <ets>ryge</ets>; akin to
Icel. <ets>rugr</ets>, Sw. <ets>r\'86g</ets>, Dan.
<ets>rug</ets>, D. <ets>rogge</ets>, OHG. <ets>rocco</ets>,
<ets>roggo</ets>, G. <ets>rocken</ets>, <ets>roggen</ets>, Lith.
<ets>rugei</ets>, Russ. <ets>roje</ets>, and perh. To Gr.
<grk>'o`ryza</grk> rice.  Cf. <er>Rice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass
(<spn>Secale cereale</spn>), closely allied to wheat; also, the
plant itself.  Rye constitutes a large portion of the breadstuff
used by man.</def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disease in a hawk.</def>

<au>Ainsworth.</au>

<cs><mcol><col>Rye grass</col>, <col>Italian rye
grass</col></mcol>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Grass</er>. See also <er>Ray grass</er>, and
<er>Darnel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Wild rye</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>any plant of the genus <spn>Elymus</spn>, tall grasses with
much the appearance of rye.</cd></cs>

<hw>Rynd</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A piece of iron crossing the hole in the
upper millstone by which the stone is supported on the
spindle.</def>

<hw>Ry"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. & Hind.
<ets>ra'iyat</ets>, the same word as <ets>ra'iyah</ets>, a
subject, tenant, peasant. See <er>Rayah</er>.]</ety> <def>A
peasant or cultivator of the soil.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<q>The Indian <qex>ryot</qex> and the Egyptian fellah work for
less pay than any other laborers in the world.</q>
<qau>The Nation.</qau>

<hw>Ry*poph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
filth + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating, or
subsisting on, filth.</def>

<hw>Rys</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
branch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Rysh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rush, a
plant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>

<hw>Ry*sim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Rhysimeter</er>.</def>

<hw>Ryth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>ri<?/</ets> brook.]</ety> <def>A ford.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hw>\'d8Ryt"i*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ a wrinkle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of
large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee,
including but one species (<spn>R. Stelleri</spn>); -- called
also <altname>Steller's sea cow</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>Rhytina</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>\'b5 It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at
Behring's Island, near Behring's Straits. It was twenty-five feet
or more in length, with a thick, blackish, naked skin. The last
were killed in 1768 for their oil and flesh.</note><-- another
man-made extinction -->

<-- p. 1264 -->