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diff --git a/old/67040-0.txt b/old/67040-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 393f779..0000000 --- a/old/67040-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,616 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Address to the Inhabitants of Rugby about the -Cholera Morbus, by Thomas Arnold - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Address to the Inhabitants of Rugby about the Cholera Morbus - - -Author: Thomas Arnold - - - -Release Date: December 29, 2021 [eBook #67040] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS TO THE INHABITANTS OF -RUGBY ABOUT THE CHOLERA MORBUS*** - - -Transcribed from the [1831] Rowell and Son edition by David Price. Many -thanks to the British Library for making their copy available. - - - - - - ADDRESS - TO THE - INHABITANTS OF RUGBY - ABOUT THE - CHOLERA MORBUS. - - - * * * * * - -FRIENDS AND FELLOW TOWNSMEN, - -A Meeting of the Inhabitants of this town has been called to consider the -best means of saving us from the attacks of the _Cholera Morbus_, which -has overrun so many parts of Europe. You will be likely to hear a great -deal about this disorder, and you will naturally be anxious to learn -about it. The following is the best account of it that I have been able -to collect, and I give it you, without either making more or less of it -than the truth will warrant. - - * * * * * - -CHOLERA MORBUS means in English “a disease of the bile.” Those common -bowel complaints which occur every Autumn are instances of CHOLERA; the -bile is out of order, and the natural action of the bowels becomes -disordered. But the CHOLERA which has been so much talked of on the -Continent of Europe is called SPASMODIC CHOLERA, that is “a disease of -the bile attended with spasms or cramps.” To say the truth however, it -does not appear that CHOLERA is a very proper name for it; for it seems -much more a disease of the blood than of the bile. It is by no means -always accompanied with disorder in the bowels, but it is as if a man’s -life blood were suddenly poisoned; as if it were choked up so that it -could not flow freely, and therefore there is a great feeling of weight -and pressure about the heart and chest. The powers of life seem palsied, -the legs and belly become cold and cramped, and the pulse so weak that -you can scarcely feel it. A man dies of the disorder keeping his senses -to the last generally within twenty-four hours, unless you can succeed in -restoring the natural action of the blood, and so relieving him from the -cramps, and chills, and oppression under which he had laboured. - -This is a new disorder in this part of the world, and one asks naturally -how and where it first broke out. It was first observed at a place -called Jessore in India, about a hundred miles north east of Calcutta. -This was in August, 1817, that is, more than fourteen years ago. How it -arose, nobody can certainly tell. Some say that the rice on which the -natives chiefly live, was very bad that year, and bred the disorder in -those who ate it. But however this be, the disease has ever since been -travelling about in various directions in Asia, till in the Autumn of -last year, 1830, it made its appearance in Europe, and broke out at -Moscow in Russia towards the end of September. From thence in the -present year it has spread to St. Petersburg, the capital of the Russian -Empire; to Berlin, the capital of Prussia; to Vienna, the capital of -Austria; and latterly to Hamburg, in Germany, a great city near the mouth -of the river Elbe, opposite to the eastern coast of England. It is now -said to have crossed over to England within the last week, and to have -appeared at Sunderland, in Durham, and at Newcastle upon Tyne, in -Northumberland. - -The question now is, how does it travel? Is it carried in the air, or is -it caught by one person from another? There are a great many things to -be said on both sides, and no one seems yet to have settled the point. -On the one hand, as it _may_ be caught by one person from another, it -seems quite right to keep a strict watch over all ships coming from those -places where the Cholera is known to be prevailing, because the -inconvenience of delaying the ships for a little while is nothing in -comparison of the mischief of letting in so bad a disorder. But on the -other hand, supposing the disorder to have once reached this country, the -case then becomes different: for as it _may_ be in the air, our fears of -one another _may_ be all utterly useless, and they bring with them a -great and certain evil, that of making us neglect the common duties of -kindness, and run away from our friends when we might be of service to -them. - -At any rate this much is certain,—that whether it be in the air or -whether it be caught from those who are ill of it, there are a great many -persons who will neither take it one way or the other. If it is in the -air, all people living in the same place must be equally exposed to it, -but we see that at Vienna, out of a population of nearly 300,000 persons, -only 2,800 have taken the Cholera: at Berlin, out of a population of -200,000, the deaths have been about 1,184. Or supposing that it is -caught by one person from another, still we find that few only catch it; -for of these 1,184 persons who have died at Berlin, more than 700 lived -in 400 different houses, which 400 houses were inhabited by above 16,000 -people. You see at once that they must have been very crowded, for this -is at the rate of 40 inhabitants to every house, and yet out of these 40 -persons, placed in circumstances the most likely, one would think, to -make them catch it, not so many as two died from it. It should be added -that there are in all about 7000 houses in Berlin, so that in 6600 of -these there were not more than 400 deaths, and as the whole population of -the City is only 200,000, it is plain that the houses in which the deaths -took place must have been much more closely inhabited than is generally -the case, for allowing 40 persons for every house in the whole town would -make the population 280,000, instead of 200,000. - -It is quite clear then that all persons _will not_, or more properly -speaking that only a very few persons _will_ take the Cholera. And now -the great point remains, what can we do to hinder ourselves from taking -it either from the air or from other sick persons? To this question -experience has shown that the following answers may be given:— - -1st. By avoiding drunkenness, and even the use of spirituous’ liquors -altogether. It is agreed on all hands that persons known to have been in -the habit of drinking freely have been particularly attacked by the -Cholera. But then in order to escape this danger it is not enough to -leave off drinking at a minute’s warning when the disease is actually -amongst us. We must leave off drinking _beforehand_, that so our bodies -may have time to get into a healthy state while the disease is yet at a -distance from us. - -2nd. Another great defence against the Cholera, and indeed against all -disorders, is _cleanliness_. This is true both of personal cleanliness, -and also of cleanliness in our houses, streets, &c. As to the first of -these, we do not enough consider the great importance of keeping the skin -in a healthy state. The skin is a natural drain to many of the bad -humours of the body. Every one knows how useful it is to get a man into -a perspiration or sweat when he is ill, to set the pores of his skin -open. Now dirt chokes up these pores, and thus stops what may be called -the proper drainage of the body. It is very much to be wished that -people in this country were more aware of the advantages of bathing or -washing themselves thoroughly; not their faces and hands only but their -whole bodies and limbs; it would be as useful to their health, as it -would be comfortable. Again, cleanliness in our houses is very -important; to get rid of all close smells by throwing open the windows, -to sweep away the dirt out of holes and corners, from under beds, chests -of drawers, and other places where it is apt to be left for a long-time -undisturbed. Much harm is done also by any thing that stands near a -window so as to hinder the fresh air from pouring into the room -thoroughly, and in the same way all that crowds a room is bad, all that -hinders the air from having a free course into every corner of it. Small -rooms are sometimes very much choked up by bedsteads and curtains, which -not only are in the way of the air, but are also great hiding places for -dirt. As to the heaps of dirt and the filthy slops that we often meet -with before the doors of small houses, these are absolutely public -nuisances, and the Parish itself should take care that these things are -looked to in time, for it will be too late when the Cholera is actually -amongst us. - -3rd. A third great defence against the Cholera is _not to be afraid of -it_. Whether it is in the air, or whether it may be caught from other -people, fear in either case makes us especially apt to take it. Every -one knows how seldom Doctors take any disorder from the sick persons whom -they visit, and the great reason of this is, because they are not afraid: -they are used to be in the way of sickness, and therefore it does not so -much alarm them. To be cheerful and active therefore, to go about our -common business and our common amusements, and to think as little about -the Cholera as possible, would be very great means of keeping us safe -from it. But you will say that a man cannot be cheerful with the fear of -death before his eyes, that it will weigh upon his spirits, in spite of -all he can do to shake it off. Fear indeed is hard to be reasoned with, -and the fear of death is hardest of all; but though it may not be -reasoned with it can be prayed against. True it is that the chance of -taking the Cholera _is_ a very fearful thing, if we are not fit to die: -the prospect of a sudden and painful disease carrying us off in -twenty-four hours, _is_ a very terrible one, if death is without hope to -us. But what if fear be taken usefully, and make us set about obtaining -that which will make us justly bold? What if the thought of this new -disorder, which kills those whom it does kill in so very short a time, -should lead us to think seriously of death, and why it is that we fear -it? What if it should make us see clearly what is the STING OF DEATH, -and labour and pray earnestly to be delivered from it? What if it should -lead us to seek the Lord while he may be found, to turn to HIM in all -sincerity, who died and rose again for us, that we might not fear to die, -because our Hope is to rise as HE is risen? Truly, if the fear of the -Cholera leads us to seek this only real way of not being afraid of it, it -will be both to our bodies and our souls not so much a curse as a -blessing. - -My object in writing this has been merely to give some information to -those who do not see much of books or newspapers. Of course those who -do, know already just as much about the Cholera, and very likely much -more than I do. And further for those persons who if they read a -newspaper do not keep it by them, I have thought it right to reprint the -Directions published by Sir Henry Halford, the President of the London -Board of Health, and circulated with his authority in London. - - AN INHABITANT OF RUGBY. - -NOVEMBER 11TH. - -_Advice to Families for the prevention and cure of this dreadful malady_. - - (As extracted from the _London Gazette_ the 20th Oct., 1831.) - - “It is important to point out the instant measures which may safely - and beneficially be employed where medical aid cannot immediately be - procured. All means tending to restore the circulation and maintain - the warmth of the body, should be had recourse to without delay. The - patients should always immediately be put to bed, wrapped up in hot - blankets, and warmth should be sustained by other external - applications, such as repeated frictions with flannels and - camphorated spirits; poultices of mustard and linseed (equal parts) - to the stomach, particularly where pain and vomiting exist; similar - poultices to the feet and legs to restore their warmth. The - returning heat of the body may be prompted by bags containing hot - salt or bran applied to different parts of it. For the same purpose - of restoring and sustaining the circulation, white wine whey with - spice, hot brandy and water, or sal volatile, in a dose of a - tea-spoonful, in hot water, frequently repeated, or from 5 to 20 - drops of some of the essential oils, as peppermint, cloves, or - cajeput, in a wine-glass of water, may be administered: with the same - view, where the stomach will bear it, warm broth, with spice may be - employed. In very severe cases, or where medical aid is difficult to - be obtained, from 20 to 40 drops of laudanum may be given in any of - the warm drinks previously recommended, - - “HENRY HALFORD, - _President of the Board_.” - - * * * * * - - _Rowell and Son_, _Printers_, _Rugby_. - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS TO THE INHABITANTS OF RUGBY -ABOUT THE CHOLERA MORBUS*** - - -******* This file should be named 67040-0.txt or 67040-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/7/0/4/67040 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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