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diff --git a/old/67132-0.txt b/old/67132-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 01e9422..0000000 --- a/old/67132-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1458 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Society for Superseding the Necessity -of Climbing Boys, by Encouraging a New Method of Sweeping Chimneys, by -Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Society for Superseding the Necessity of Climbing Boys, by - Encouraging a New Method of Sweeping Chimneys - Twenty-First Report, May 1, 1837 - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: January 9, 2022 [eBook #67132] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Thomas Frost and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from scans - of public domain works at The National Library of - Australia.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOCIETY FOR SUPERSEDING THE -NECESSITY OF CLIMBING BOYS, BY ENCOURAGING A NEW METHOD OF SWEEPING -CHIMNEYS *** - - - - - - -SOCIETY - -FOR - -SUPERSEDING THE NECESSITY - -OF - -CLIMBING BOYS, - -BY ENCOURAGING - -A NEW METHOD OF SWEEPING CHIMNEYS. - -INSTITUTED ON THE FOURTH OF FEBRUARY, 1803. - - -“Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.” - - - LONDON: - PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, - BY A. MACINTOSH, 20, GREAT NEW STREET, FETTER LANE: - AND MAY BE HAD GRATIS OF THE HONORARY SECRETARY, - 1, NEW BRIDGE STREET. - 1837. - - - - -PATRON. - -THE KING. - - -PRESIDENT. - -The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Winchester. - - -VICE-PRESIDENTS. - - His Grace the Duke of BEDFORD, - His Grace the Duke of SUTHERLAND, - Marquis of WESTMINSTER, - Earl MORLEY, - Earl HARROWBY, - Earl SURREY, M.P., - Lord AUCKLAND, - Lord WILLOUGHBY DE ERESBY, - Sir THOMAS BARING, Bart., - MATTHEW WOOD, Esq., M.P., - FREDERICK WEBB, Esq. - - -TREASURER. - -WILLIAM TOOKE, Esq., M.P., F.R.S. - - -COMMITTEE. - - BURGESS, W. H., Esq. - CHIPPENDALE, JOHN, Esq., - FRANCIS, CHARLES, Esq., - GILLETT, GABRIEL, Esq., - HEISCH, P. J., Esq., - HUDSON, J. C., Esq., - LABOUCHERE, JOHN, Esq., - RICHARDSON, T., Esq., - SMITH, R., Esq., - SOPER, JAMES, Esq. - - -HONORARY SECRETARY. - -ROBERT STEVEN, Esq., 1, New Bridge-street. - - -COLLECTOR. - -Mr. HENRY CLEMSON, 7, Grange-road, Bermondsey. - - - - -THE - -TWENTY-FIRST REPORT - -OF THE - -SOCIETY FOR SUPERSEDING CLIMBING BOYS. - - -Your Committee has great pleasure in announcing that the present year -has been characterized by a degree of success more than equal to the -experience of any former years. - -The number of subscribers has fallen off, but Providence still -continues to smile upon the efforts that are made, and the richest -encouragement is afforded to those who feel for this branch of the -miseries of human nature. Before the short detail of proceedings is -entered upon, it may be well to give a brief outline of the Society’s -origin and objects, together with the grounds which led to the -establishment of the Association; many persons hearing of the subject -for the first time, by means of the Annual Report. - -The following are the reasons which induced its supporters to unite in -this work of mercy:-- - -1st. They ascertained by the examination of the children employed in -this trade, that unfair and dishonest means are always resorted to, to -obtain a supply of boys. That the season of probation, or “liking,” -as it is called, which precedes the binding of apprentices, is marked -by all that duplicity and misrepresentation can invent, to mislead -the children who are sent on trial; that little or no work is imposed -on them during that time; that every indulgence is granted that can -weigh with persons in that station of life; that they are petted in -the sitting room of the master, and fed in a comparatively sumptuous -way,--and hence arises the positive and unchangeable determination of -the child, to be a chimney-sweeper, and nothing else, when brought -before the magistrate to be bound. - -2dly. That grievous pain and sorrow are found invariably to attend the -after stages of this apprenticeship. - -3dly. That it is a business to which children ought not to be put, as -it affords no support after a boy has reached 15 or 16 years of age, at -the latest. - -4thly. That employing children in this trade, subjects them in -after-life to the disease lectured upon separately in the hospitals as -chimney-sweepers’ cancer, and which disease only befals those who are -thus employed. - -These grounds led to the formation of the Society. It was at first -supposed that it would only be necessary to offer a premium for the -production of a machine capable of sweeping, and that it would be -instantly adopted by the existing race of chimney-sweepers. - -With this impression, machines were given away on a large scale in all -directions, and everything avoided that could seem to interfere with -the members of the trade. This act of ill-directed liberality was met -by the most virulent hostility, and every machine thus put into the -hand of a common chimney-sweeper, was employed, as far as in him lay, -to destroy the object of the bestower: these heartless men, having at -once discovered that chimneys were so much better cleansed by this -means, that the sweeping would be wanted less frequently than if boys -were continued; and further, that if children were given up, men would -be required to work the machines, and this would break in upon the -masters’ profits. - -These assertions are proved by the fact of the chimney-sweepers having -combined to resist every attempt that has been made to introduce the -machines; and in the year 1834, when a Bill was sought for, they are -said to have expended 1,200_l._ upon counsel, Parliamentary agent, and -witnesses; and these witnesses evinced but little regard to truth. -This outlay of money was severely felt, and it was an expense the -trade would not have incurred to “protect their customers” alone. If -their object had been a straightforward one, they would have protested -against the adoption of the plan promoted by the Fire-offices; they -would have declared that, in THEIR opinion, it was the abandonment of a -safe method, and the adoption of a fanciful and dangerous substitute; -but they would not have _taxed themselves_ for a headstrong public. - -People are beginning to see this in its right light, and having -ascertained that the trade of the common chimney-sweeper is upheld -by deceit, these men are now met at every point with distrust and -suspicion. Necessity compelled your Committee to set up honest men to -work the machine fairly, and by this means a way is opened for the -total abolition of the revolting practice of employing children in -this business. The determination of the common chimney-sweepers above -alluded to, continues to the present hour in full force (see page 9); -and no man, during the last twenty years, has ever been found to use -the machine faithfully, if he retains a single child in his service for -the purpose of sweeping chimneys. - -Your Committee would now enumerate some of the transactions of the -year that is gone by. The first cheering result of their labours is -the having obtained the work at the India-House for your Agents. Many -attempts had been made to attain this object, but every previous -application to the inferiors in the establishment, had been met with -grave assurances of the utter impossibility of cleansing the majority -of the Company’s chimneys with a machine; and a mock trial of it was -got up. This year the subject was most favourably introduced to the -notice of the Directors by a benevolent and influential man, and -happily it was found in this, as in all other cases, that the defect -had been in the mind, and not in the machine. Encouraged by this -success, an application was made to Timothy Curtis, Esq., then the -Deputy Governor of the Bank, begging him to appoint Glass, one of your -Agents, as the chimney-sweeper to that establishment. In answer to -this, the Deputy Governor directed, in the handsomest manner possible, -and with a frankness which always characterizes his movements, that -an experiment should be made of the comparative efficiency of the two -systems, in the presence of the Clerk of the Works. The following is a -copy of his Report:-- - - “Bank of England, Dec. 31, 1836. - - “I, the undersigned, do hereby certify, that I received the orders of - the Deputy Governor of the Bank, to try the comparative efficiency - of sweeping chimneys by boys, and by Glass’s Machine; that such - experiment was made in the Bank, in my presence, by sweeping eleven - chimneys; that out of this number, five were swept by boys, and six - were swept by the machine; that the five swept by the boys were - afterwards swept by the machine, and the six swept by the machine, - were afterwards swept by the boys; and that the following is the - result:-- - - “Soot brought down by the boys, after six chimneys were considered - fairly swept by the machine, 19 quarts. Soot brought down by Glass’s - Machine out of five chimneys, after the boys had finished their - labours, 41 quarts and a half. - - (Signed,) “GEO. TOPPLE, - “Clerk of the Works.” - - -This, as may be supposed, led to the discharge of the then existing -chimney-sweeper, and the appointment of your Agent. - -Your Committee has great pleasure in stating, that the same Agent -is now employed at the Phœnix Fire-office, which is considered very -important. - -Repeated attempts had been made to gain this point, and the success in -this house neutralizes, in a great measure, the mischievous evidence -before the Lords’ Committee, which was given by the Manager of that -establishment. And your Committee has much satisfaction in stating, -that the machine was regularly employed in this Fire-office, for some -months before the lamented death of the gentleman alluded to. - -The following Fire-offices have promised to employ your different -Agents, in addition to those who have already certified to the -efficiency of the machine:-- - - Phœnix Fire-office,--Jenkin Jones, Esq., deceased. - West of England Fire-office,--Jas. Anderton, Esq. - York and North of England Fire-office,--Edmund Barlow, Esq. - The Licensed Victuallers Fire-office,--J. T. Clement, Esq. - The Scottish Union Fire-office,--F. G. Smith, Esq. - -Leaving “The Sun” as the only Fire-office in the city of London which -resists the light, and the only Fire-office which turns a deaf ear to -the cries of misery; and verily it is a proud and enviable distinction. - -Some years ago your machine was introduced into the Middlesex Hospital, -and your Committee has heard, within these few weeks, that the -Secretary of the Institution caused a quiet experiment to be made in -that house, after the Board had ordered the adoption of the machine. It -was so managed, that neither your Agent nor the old chimney-sweeper -knew that the two systems were to be compared, and it is stated by the -Secretary, that the chimneys were found so clean, that the boys were -literally unable to bring down any soot, after Day, another of the -Society’s Agents, had swept with the machine. - -Those who keep in mind the proceedings of the Society, will recollect -that a similar experiment was ordered publicly at St. George’s -Hospital, in 1830, the triumphant success of which, determined that -Board of Governors also to employ one of your Agents. - -This has of course been a constant mortification to Bentley, the -chimney-sweeper, who lost the work, and many stratagems have been -resorted to, to recover it again; and on the 15th of February last, -he induced an influential member of the Board to bring the subject -forward; when the following division took place among the Governors; - - For reinstating Bentley and his boys, with the clear - understanding that the machine is to be used when - _practicable_ 8 - - For Shepherd, your Agent, who had swept every - chimney in the house for years, without the help of - boys 7 - -Before this disastrous Resolution was confirmed in the next week, the -subject was rather better understood, and the division was-- - - For Shepherd, your Agent 12 - For Bentley, his boys, and his practicabilities 0 - -The only argument urged in the above case was, that Bentley took his -boys to church. This is a very stale argument of the Bentleys, both -father and son, and it would be difficult to prove what the fact has to -do with the matter in hand, or to reconcile it with the evidence which -was given by the elder Bentley upon oath before the Lords’ Committee in -1834. - - (Examined by his own Counsel.) - -“Were you present at any experiment that was tried at St. George’s -Hospital?” (in 1830.) - -“I certainly was.” - -“Have the goodness to state the result of that experiment?” - -“There were some machines appointed to be there, and I was appointed to -be there with some boys; they had, I believe, used machinery; but there -were not fair means resorted to.” - -“Will you tell the whole story?” - -“The very man who worked the machine for Mr. Glass has come forward and -stated his willingness to prove, that by order of Mr. Day he carried -some soot unfairly in his cloth: I was not aware that it did not come -down the chimney.” - -“Were you not sharp enough to see that?” - -“No; I had no such idea as that they would be guilty of such a thing.” - -“One-fifth more soot was brought down by the machine than by the boys?” - -“Yes; so they said.” - -“Do you mean to say, that the man who worked the machine acted -unfairly?” - -“Yes.” - -“Do you know where he got the soot?” - -“He brought it from one fire-place to another, that was not to be swept -after the machine.” - -“Have not your boys a desire to win, when they are brought for -experiments of that kind?” - -“Yes; but there were unfair means; which was quite a sufficient excuse -for them.” - -This is a most extraordinary testimony, and, if true, would show a -total abandonment of principle on the part of your Agents, and the -servants of the Hospital, and brings to mind the vulgar adage, “Surely -if the old woman had not hidden in the oven herself, she would never -have looked there for her daughter.” Probably Mr. Bentley is not at -church when that beautiful characteristic of Christianity is insisted -on in these words, “Charity thinketh no evil; and charity hopeth all -things.” - -By this allusion to the church, Mr. Bentley appears willing to work -upon the sympathies of the public, to a certain extent, so that it does -not interfere with his own purpose. - -It is deeply to be regretted that the energies of good people are -directed to “bettering the condition of these poor children,” as it -is called, when, by a little Christian co-operation, the employment -which gives them their singularity, and which is said to prevent -their mingling with other children, might be done away. The value of -religious instruction, and the imperative duty of all constantly to -attend the services of religion, are too self-evident to require an -enforcement here. But why those who are so kindly disposed, should -prefer ministering to these children in their wretchedness, to freeing -them from the wretchedness itself, is a mystery hard to be understood. - -Your Committee would state that the Agents of the Society are -exclusively employed in the houses of Fifteen Noblemen, and that the -Society is gaining most exceedingly upon the good opinion of the -community in general. - -A Resolution has passed the Town Council of Bath, ordaining that -the chimneys in all the houses belonging to that Corporation shall -in future be swept by machinery. The Mayor’s Lady writes:--“Finding -upon inquiry that here, as in Bristol, the machine keepers, though -professing to forego the use of boys, keep them, and most generally use -them, it occurred to me that we might have one of Glass’s Machines, and -establish it on our own terms. I am enabled to inform you, that the -machine has arrived, and answers very well. Not wishing to have one of -the chimney-sweeping fraternity, we have selected a respectable man, -who appears to manage the undertaking very well. He is already feeling -some of the trials of the business, in the persecuting spirit of the -chimney-sweepers; but having the Mayor of the city as his patron, we -hope we may proceed without much opposition.” - -Your Agents are constantly employed in One Hundred and Ten Government -and other Public Buildings, and in Eleven Banking Houses. - -Twenty-two Thousand One Hundred and Ninety-three chimneys have been -swept by your Agents in London and its immediate neighbourhood during -the past year. - -Machines have been purchased since the last Report by His Grace -the Duke of Leinster; the Earl of Cawdor; Lord Skelmersdale; Lord -Lynedoch; the Right Hon. B. Bathurst, Lydney Park. And by persons at -the following places--Bath, 2; Belfast, 1; Brighton, 4; Deptford, -1; Gloucester, 1; Greenwich, 1; Hounslow, 1; Ipswich, 1; London, 6; -Liverpool, 1; Margate, 1; March, 1; Northampton, 1; Newcastle-on-Tyne, -1; Stone, 1; Wellington, 1; Wisbeach, 1.--Total, 31. - -Thirteen soot doors have been put into Thirteen chimneys during the -past year, at an average expense of 14s. 7½d. each, to adapt these -ill-built chimneys to the use of the machine: this is all that is -required, and this alteration is the real amount of what is described -by the enemies of the cause as a most serious destruction of house -property, and involving an outlay of money, not for one moment to be -conceded. - -The foregoing has been selected from among the agreeable transactions -of the year. - -Your Committee would now draw your attention to a part of the painful -evidence which is forced upon them, of the utter impossibility of -regulating the trade aright, if children are to be at all employed in -it. - -The following details are selected from what has occurred since the -last Report:-- - -Peter Mollby of Kilkenny, stood charged with the murder of James Shea, -his apprentice, a child of ten years old. - -It appeared in evidence that the little creature had been treated with -such habitual cruelty and indifference as to cause his death, but no -one instance could be fixed upon as establishing the crime of actual -murder. - -The sentence was, therefore, “Manslaughter,” and Mollby was transported -for life. - -A case of revolting cruelty has been brought home to Needes, a -chimney-sweeper at Bath, who was convicted before the Mayor of such -grievous ill-treatment, as that wretched race of beings is alone -exposed to. The child was discovered lying in the street, with his head -so cut as to require surgical assistance, and he was proved by the -surgeon’s certificate to be too ill to leave the Hospital, when his -master was brought up. - -The next case is from Gloucester:-- - -On Thursday, the 27th of Oct., a chimney-sweeper, a diminutive child, -about ten years of age, was sent up a chimney at the Talbot Inn, at -nine o’clock in the morning, and for the purpose of lessening his size -to suit the dimensions of the flue, he was stripped entirely naked. -Having remained up the chimney for a very long time, it was thought -that he was continuing there unnecessarily, and from stubbornness, and -another lad was sent up to him; but he failed in bringing him down. -After a lapse of some hours, a cord was attached to the child’s legs, -and several vain attempts were made to drag him down by force. In this -experiment the cord was broken, and a stronger one was substituted, -with no better success. The humane party then obtained a large quantity -of brimstone matches--it is said three pennyworth, which were ignited, -and held burning up the flue. A ladder was next procured, reaching -to the top of the chimney, from whence several buckets of water were -poured down upon the poor little prisoner; and a pole was thrust down -to discover his position, with such force, that several lumps were -afterwards found upon the poor child’s head. - -These mild and gentle efforts were continued at intervals through the -day, till nine o’clock in the evening. - -By this time a large crowd had assembled in the neighbourhood, and -among the number were some more sensible and humane people than those -before alluded to, and they insisted that by opening the chimney an -attempt should be made to liberate the child, who it was feared might -be dead, as he had not been heard to speak for some time. Masons were -accordingly sent for, and about ten o’clock at night, the poor little -creature was found firmly jammed by the head and shoulders in the -brickwork of the chimney. - -Having been in such a situation, and subjected to such treatment as -this, and perfectly naked, for thirteen hours, it is needless to say -that he was in a most pitiable condition. - -He was washed in warm water, when several excoriations were discovered -on his back and shoulders, and the skin rubbed off his ears; his head -was also sadly bruised. After being taken home, a surgeon was sent -for, and, it is stated with surprise, that though very ill, his life -was not considered in danger. A vain attempt to rebut this account -was made by the son of the proprietor of the Talbot Inn, in a letter -to Wm. Bulphin, a chimney-sweeper of Bristol, which letter is only -worthy of notice as containing an unintentional comment on the oft-told -tale, that children are required for examining and repairing defects -in chimneys, and which was so pertinaciously insisted on in the -evidence before the Committee of the House of Lords in 1834: it is as -follows:--“The foreman says, had he gone up as he ought to have done, -with one arm up and the other down, no accident could have happened; -instead of which both arms were DOWN.” Every one must see the -utter impossibility of a boy doing any thing in a chimney in the way -of examination or repairs, in a space 9 inches square, or 9 by 14, and -when the utmost skill is required to enable him to slide up and to -slide down again. This accident has led to the benevolent formation of -an Auxiliary Society in Gloucester, that city having been anxious to -wipe away the disgrace occasioned by such a painful occurrence. - -In March last, a poor little chimney-sweeper had the following -providential escape, at the Luke’s Head, Mercer-street, Long Acre:--It -appears that the child had got into the chimney-pot to clean it, and -that his weight loosened the mortar by which it had been secured; and -the boy and the chimney-pot rolled down the roof of the house together. -Happily there was a sufficient height of parapet to save the child, and -he was taken up from the gutter, without any harm having befallen him. - -The most appalling feature connected with the subject of -chimney-sweeping is the frequency of the chimney-sweeper’s cancer. - -Immense pains are taken by the trade to conceal this grievous fact. -No chimney-sweeper has even seen a single instance of it. The idea of -such a calamity originates and ends in the clouded imaginations of your -Committee. - -It may be well, however, to say, that four cases occurred in one ward -of one hospital within eight months of the past year, and that three of -the cases were fatal. - -About this time another chimney-sweeper died of the same disease at -St. George’s Hospital. This was succeeded by the death of Price, a -chimney-sweeper, in Stafford’s-ward, at the Middlesex Hospital. - -A fresh case is now under the observation of one of your Committee, -which cancer has been upon the poor sufferer for thirteen years. He was -asked several questions, and particularly whether he had been kept very -dirty as a child. His answers were as follow:--“No children could be -kept cleaner.” “I believe it to arise from drawing in the soot with the -breath in foul chimneys, for no cap will keep it out.” “I have been in -great pain for years, but now it has quite mastered me.” “The surgeons -talk of the cutting business.” - -Another victim has also been seen this year by the same person in -a fifth hospital. This poor fellow has been afflicted three years. -Conversing with him on the unwillingness of the trade to work the -machine, it was said, “I believe the secret of the opposition arises -from its being so much easier to sit down and gossip with the servants -while the child is doing the work;” the poor fellow raised himself a -little from his bed, and exclaimed with great emphasis, “You have just -hit it, sir.” - -Since these men were seen, another poor creature has been visited at -his own house by one of your Society. He is a man of thirty years of -age, and has had this affliction upon him for five years, and it has -made such ravages upon his frame, as to prevent his ever obtaining an -easy position for a single moment, and he may be seen for hours in an -afternoon, walking up and down the miserable court in which he lives, -in perfect agony. He was urged to go into the hospital, and a ticket -was offered him, but the dread of the surgeon’s knife has hitherto -deterred him. - -About the middle of April inst., a poor chimney-sweeper came up twelve -miles from town to the Middlesex Hospital. He had suffered great pain -for two years, and it was feared that the disorder had too deep a hold -upon him to be ever removed, even if he had submitted to the awful -operation. The matter was fully explained to him. He was told that he -might remain as long as he pleased in the house; that the operation -would not be performed without his full consent; but the dread of -what he thought might possibly be done, induced him to leave all the -comforts by which he was surrounded, to die in all the wretchedness of -abject poverty. Making ten instances of this frightful disease that -have come to the knowledge of one member of your Committee in the year -ending with the 30th April, notwithstanding the incessant efforts of -the trade to conceal them. - -Sir Astley Cooper, in his evidence before the Committee of the House of -Lords, in 1834, declares--“I believe the disease is entirely the result -of the specific irritation of the soot;” and again, “I must have seen, -I think, more than 100 cases of it in my experience. I have seen three -or four cases in a year, and having been thirty-four years surgeon to -one of the hospitals, the calculation is easy, and I think I am not -exceeding the truth, in saying, a hundred examples of it.” A very large -proportion of the comparatively few persons engaged in this wretched -trade. - -Would that those who are so much amused with the Society’s efforts, -and who smile with so much self-satisfaction at the Society’s “busy -trifling,” could have gone the round of the cases above selected. - -It was, no doubt, highly amusing to see the poor creatures lying on the -bed of languishing. - -One was a young man of weak intellects, who had probably been an easy -prey to the vain promises held out to him in childhood, if he would be -a chimney-sweeper. It was an awful spectacle to see them motionless -in their beds, as the frightful disease was eating away their flesh, -because a British public cannot be induced to disturb themselves in a -matter “of such trifling importance.” - -Men say, “Am I to be vexed and harassed, as though the guilt -of upholding the old system rested wholly upon me, because I, -individually, refuse to be a convert?” How are the following words to -be understood?--“If any man see his brother have need, and shutteth up -his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him?” - -This sketch of the unavoidable misery connected with the trade is -calculated to awaken the attention of the public, and it is hoped that -it may call forth such contributions as are required to do away the -evil. If one surgeon, in one district, has had 100 of the cases under -his care, what would the experience of this city alone amount to? - -In asking for pecuniary aid, your Committee would be far from pressing -the subject upon those whose means are small; from such they only ask, -that the Society’s Agents may be employed exclusively in their houses, -for by this the cause of humanity will be materially served, without -any additional cost to themselves; and they are earnestly entreated to -recommend the same course to their friends. - -But an appeal of a very different kind is made to those who have ample -funds at their disposal, who are known to put aside large sums every -year for the purposes of Christian charity, but who have never made -this Society glad by their benevolence. There is no eclat connected -with this subject--but it is the ministering to the very humblest -class, who are visited in their filthy wretchedness and obscurity, with -a desire to free them from sorrows which are unknown to any other class -of the community. - -Too much cannot be said of the liberality of this country, and yet no -effort is made to support an Association which labours to free helpless -infancy from broken-hearted sorrow, and to protect mature age from a -disease generally fatal. - -The Society is literally dying for want of support; notwithstanding the -urgency of its claims, and the frequent appeals that have been made to -the public. - - - - -LIST OF CONTRIBUTIONS - -TO THE SOCIETY. - - - _Don._ _Subscrip._ - £. _s._ _d._ £. _s._ _d._ - - Ashley, Right Honourable - Lord (1837) 3 0 0 - Allen, William, Esq. 1 1 0 - Angerstein, Miss (1828) 10 0 0 3 0 0 - Ditto (1829) 10 0 0 - Ditto (1830) 10 0 0 - Ditto (1835) 30 0 0 - Ashby, ----, Esq. (1835) 2 0 0 - - Bedford, Duke of (1829) 21 0 0 - Bexley, Lord (1828) 5 0 0 - Backhouse, John (1835) 5 7 6 - Baker, Rev. Mr. 0 10 0 - Bagster and Thoms, - Messrs. (1828) 4 0 0 - Barnes, ----, Esq. 1 1 0 - Barrett, Jeremiah, Esq. 1 1 0 - Barrett, Richard, Esq. 1 1 0 - Batson, Robert, Esq. 1 0 0 - Bristol Association (1829) 5 0 0 - Brixton and Stockwell - Association (1831) 2 2 0 - Ditto (1833) 2 2 0 - Ditto (1834) 2 2 0 - Ditto (1835) 3 3 0 - Budworth, Rev. P. 5 5 0 - Burlingham, Mrs. (1835) 3 0 0 - Ditto (1837) 2 0 0 - Butt, Wm. Esq. (1830) 2 0 0 - Butlin, ----, Esq. (1835) 0 10 0 - Butlin, Mrs. (1835) 0 10 0 - - Cambridge, C. O. Esq. (1827) 2 0 0 - Ditto (1828) 10 10 0 - Ditto (1835) 5 0 0 - Ditto (1836) 5 0 0 - Capper, Jasper, Esq. 1 1 0 - Cator, John, Esq. (1828) 5 0 0 - Ditto (1831) 2 0 0 - Chippendale, J. Esq. 1 1 0 - Christian, H. C. Esq. 0 10 0 - Clapham Association (1829) 2 0 0 - Ditto (1830) 2 0 0 - Ditto (1832) 2 0 0 - Ditto (1835) 3 0 0 - Clarke, T. T. Esq. (1829) 10 10 0 1 1 0 - Cockle, Richard, Esq. (1834) 1 1 0 1 1 0 - Colfield, Rev. E. W. (1836) 0 10 0 - Conquest, Dr. 1 1 0 - Cropper, J. and E. (1834) 5 0 0 - - Dennington, ----, Esq. (1835) 0 10 0 - Dewer, D. A. B. Esq. (1829) 5 0 0 - Dickenson, John, Esq. - (before 1832) 15 0 0 - Domville, Wm. Esq. (1828) 5 0 0 - - Earl, Rev. J. H. (1832) 1 0 0 - Evesham Association (1829) 2 10 0 - - Farmer, Thomas, Esq. 1 1 0 - Fisher, J. S. (1835) 0 10 0 - Foster, E. Esq. 1 1 0 - Francis, Charles, Esq. 1 1 0 - Friends at Uxbridge (1829) 3 0 0 - - Gillett, G. Esq. 1 1 0 - Gillett, W. S. Esq. 1 1 0 - Gilpin, Rev. B. (1833) 1 0 0 - Goldsmid, J. L. Esq. 1 1 0 - Gurney, Samuel, Esq. 2 2 0 - - Hamilton, Lady Anne (1828) 5 0 0 - Hackney Association (1829) 3 3 0 - Ditto (1830) 3 3 0 - Hancock, Rev. Wm. (1828) 5 5 0 - Harris, Mrs. Lydia 1 1 0 - Heisch, P. J. Esq. 1 1 0 - Henderson, Rev. J. Rawlins - (1830) 10 10 0 - Hereford Association (1829) 5 0 0 - Hiort, J. W. Esq. (1828) 10 0 0 - Holland, Mrs. (1830) 5 0 0 - Ditto (1833) 5 0 0 - Ditto (1834) 20 0 0 1 0 0 - Horton, E. Esq. (1830) 1 1 0 - Howard, Robert, Esq. 1 1 0 - Howard, Mrs. 1 1 0 - - Kent, Her Royal Highness - the Duchess of (1832) 20 0 0 - Kenah, Col. (1836) 1 1 0 - - Lyttelton, Lord 2 2 0 - Labouchere, John, Esq. (1830) 10 10 0 - Legg, Hon. Henry 1 1 0 - Lister, J. J. Esq. 1 1 0 - Lyon, James, Esq. 1 1 0 - Liverpool Association (1835) 5 0 0 - - Morpeth, Lord (1831) 10 10 0 - Mayfield, ----, Esq. (1834) 1 0 0 - Marten, Frederick, Esq. 1 0 0 - Martin, John, Esq. M.P. - (1828) 5 0 0 - Minchin, Samuel, Esq. - (1829) 10 10 0 - Morland, Miss 1 1 0 - Monro, Rev. R. 0 10 0 - - Newport Association (1830) 5 0 0 - - P. A. (before 1828) 10 0 0 - John Parkinson, Esq. 0 10 6 - Mrs. John Parkinson 0 10 6 - Pascal, Miss 0 10 0 - Pentonville Association - (1834) 2 2 0 - Preston, Miss (1835) 5 0 0 - P. E. (1834-35) 2 0 0 - Phillips, Miss 1 1 0 - Phipps, Mrs. 2 2 0 - Platt, Rev. George (1837) 1 0 0 - Pownall, Henry, Esq. 1 1 0 - - Quilter, Rev. Mr. (1835) 5 2 6 - - Ramsden, R. Esq. (1835) 1 0 0 - Richardson, Thomas, Esq. - (1827) 5 0 0 - R. H. (1829) 10 0 0 - Romilly, Rev. J. 1 1 0 - Romilly, Miss 1 1 0 - Romilly, Miss Lucy 1 1 0 - - Sutherland, Duke of (1834) 50 0 0 - Surrey, Earl of 1 1 0 - Scott, John, Esq. (1829) 10 10 0 - Smith, R. Esq. 1 1 0 - Southampton Association - (1829) 3 12 6 - Stacy, George, Esq. 1 1 0 - Steven, Robert, Esq. (1837) 10 10 0 1 1 0 - Sutton, Lady (1836) 5 0 0 - - Tomkins, S. Esq. 1 1 0 - Tooke, W. Esq. (1830) 100 0 0 - Ditto (1836) 2 0 0 - Ditto (1837) 2 0 0 - Tottenham Association (1829) 8 0 0 - Tritton, E. M. Executors - of (1834) 5 0 0 - - Westminster, Marquis of 1 1 0 - Willoughby de Eresby, - Lord (1828) 5 0 0 - Ditto (1829) 50 0 0 - Ditto (1830) 40 0 0 - Ditto (1831) 40 0 0 - Ditto (1834) 20 0 0 - Winchester, Lord Bishop - of (1830) 10 0 0 1 1 0 - Wager, Tayler, Esq. 1 1 0 - Wareham Associatn. (1829) 2 0 0 - Wedgewood, Miss (1828) 10 0 0 - Ditto 10 0 0 - Ditto (1829) 9 2 0 - Ditto (1833) 5 5 0 - Wedgewood, Josh. Esq. (1834) 10 10 0 - Whieldon, Rev. E. (1830) 2 0 0 - Wilde, Mrs. 1 1 0 - Wilde, E. A. Esq. (1828) 10 10 0 - Wolferston, Mrs. 1 1 0 - Woods, S. Jun. Esq. (1837) 1 0 0 - - Young, G. A. Esq. (1834) 3 3 0 - Young, Mrs. G. F. (1834) 5 10 0 0 10 0 - - - - -SOCIETY FOR SUPERSEDING CLIMBING BOYS. - -CASH ACCOUNT. - -May 1st, 1837. - - - _Received._ £. _s._ _d._ - - Balance in favour of the Society, - May 1, 1836 71 16 4 - Donations and Subscriptions since - received 102 18 0 - One year’s Dividend on Mrs. Denyer’s - Legacy 6 0 0 - ------------- - £180 14 4 - ============= - - _Paid._ £. _s._ _d._ - - Advertising, Circulars, Stationery, - Postages, Porterage, &c. 26 2 5 - Allowance to Agents 26 0 0 - Machinery to ditto 32 15 0 - For Printing last Report, &c. 21 17 0 - Collector’s Poundage 4 5 5 - Expenses at the West-end of the - Town 18 17 6 - Expenses attending the different - Experiments to prove the superior - efficiency of the Machine 21 0 0 - Balance 29 17 0 - ------------- - £180 14 4 - ============= - - Balance in favour of the Society 29 17 0 - - - - -PROPOSED RULES FOR LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS. - - -I. - -That an Association be now formed for the __________ and its vicinity, -for Superseding the Use of Climbing Boys in Cleansing Chimneys. - - -II. - -That the Association be managed by a Committee of Ladies, assisted by -a few Gentlemen: and that all persons subscribing Five Shillings and -upwards, be members of the Association. - - -III. - -That the first object of the Association be, to divide the __________ -into Districts, and to circulate as much information on the subject as -possible, in such a manner as the Committee may deem most expedient; -and that Sub-Committees be formed, to carry the measures better into -effect. - - -IV. - -That the Committee endeavour to obtain the consent and signatures of -Housekeepers to have Machines only used in cleansing their Chimneys. - - -V. - -That __________ be appointed the Agent of the Association, and supplied -with the necessary Apparatus; and that employment be sought for the -boys, whose services may be no longer required by their masters. - - -VI. - -That application be made to the London Society, for purchasing such -Machines and other Apparatus as may be deemed requisite by the -Committee, and for any information on the subject. - - -VII. - -That the Committee meet once a month, or oftener, if necessary, and -that Five Members be empowered to act. And that a General Meeting of -the Subscribers be held once annually, on a day to be fixed by the -Committee. - - - - -CHIMNEY SWEEPING DESCRIBED. - - -[Illustration] - -A number of flues concentrated, forms a stack of chimneys, as -represented in the engraving. Flues, at a distance from the stack, are -conveyed to it either in a horizontal or sloping form, as at A and G. -The size of flues generally is nine inches by fourteen inches; a space -sufficiently large to convey the smoke, but not large enough to be -ascended, except by little children, for the purpose of cleansing them. - -The plan adopted by the climbing-boy to ascend chimneys is, by pressing -his feet, back, and knees against the sides of the flue, by which means -he propels or hitches himself up by degrees, having one arm above his -head, holding a brush, and the other arm by his side, as described in -B. At C the boy is represented as putting his brush out of the top of -the chimney-pot, but generally he rattles it with his brush, to satisfy -the parties below that he has been to the top. This accomplished, he -gradually slides down to the stove or grate. - -It has frequently occurred, that boys have, either through fear or -inattention, got into the form of nose and knees together, as described -at E; sometimes they remain in this cramped and painful position for -hours before they are liberated, being totally unable to extricate -themselves. - -Climbing-boys are exposed to considerable danger in horizontal or -angular flues, as at A. The reason is obvious; after passing through -the chimney and descending to the second angle from the fire place, the -boy finds it completely filled up with soot, which he has dislodged -from the sides of the upright part. He endeavours to pass by it, and -after much struggling, he succeeds till stopped by his shoulders; but -the soot is compressed so hard all around him, by his exertions, that -he cannot go back; he then endeavours to move forward, but his attempts -in this respect are often useless, for the covering of the horizontal -part of the flue being stone, the sharp angle of it bears hard on his -shoulders, as at H, and prevents him from moving in the least either -one way or the other. His face being covered with a climbing-cap, and -being completely enclosed in the soot beneath, his breath is stopped. -In this dreadful condition he struggles violently to extricate himself, -but his strength fails him, and in a few minutes he is gone for ever. - -Many instances have occurred of boys being thus suffocated in chimneys, -or burnt, or smothered in the rubbish, while attempting to core a -chimney; others have been killed by falling from the tops of chimneys. -Such accidents have happened in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Waterford, -Wakefield, Newport Isle of Wight, Hereford, Preston, Dumfries, Dudley, -Deal, Keighley, Clapham, and Belfast; and many other cases may have -occurred without having come to the knowledge of the public. - -[Illustration] - -Some persons have an idea that a round brush will not sweep a square -flue, but in the annexed diagram, the diameter of the brush B B is -compared with the chimney A, which clearly shows that the whalebone of -which the brush is composed, is forced into every part of the flue, and -being repeatedly thrust up and down, must sweep it effectually. - -A bricklayer might here observe, “Admitting you can sweep chimneys -with the machine, how would you core them?” More effectually and with -greater facility than boys can possibly do it. Chimneys that are -straight, or nearly so, do not require coring, and the rubbish that -falls on the diagonal part of the flue, where the angles are obtuse, -can easily be dislodged by a stiff brush attached to the machine, and -introduced into the top of the chimney. At right angles, or when they -are nearly so, an opening should be left six or nine inches square -at the angle: and when the chimneys are finished, the core can be -extracted in five minutes, which a boy would not be able to accomplish -in several hours or days. It has frequently occurred, that a boy -could not succeed in clearing the chimney of the core, and an opening -has been made for that purpose at last. This plan was adopted with -success at Buckingham Palace, the London University, Post Office, St. -Martin’s-le-grand, and Fishmonger’s Hall. It is altogether unreasonable -to employ boys to core chimneys at the imminent danger of their lives, -when it can be so easily done as described, and at so much less expense. - -A builder might remark, “You have explained how you can core chimneys -without a climbing-boy, but how would you place a brick or stop a -crevice in any part of a flue, if required, without a climbing-boy?” On -the first appearance of smoke, I would advise that a carpenter should -remove the board that forms the plinth, and one or two flooring boards, -when the defect would at once be discovered. A bricklayer would soon -make it sound and secure; the boards and plinth might then be replaced, -and all would be safe, and no further annoyance experienced. - -A good machine, in the hands of a person who well understands the use -of it, will not meet with one chimney in a thousand that it cannot -effectually sweep. Several persons of this description, who have served -their time as chimney-sweepers, are employed in the use of the machine, -by the Agents of the Society for Superseding Climbing-boys. - - N.B. The provisions of the late “Chimney-sweepers Regulation Act” were - entirely against the opinion and advice of the above Society, and - the obnoxious clause, prohibiting chimney-sweepers from calling in - the streets, was inserted at the suggestion of the principal master - chimney-sweepers themselves. - - The Society will never be satisfied till the use of climbing-boys is - done away with altogether, being a cruel and unnecessary method. - - -PRICES OF MACHINERY, - -_Manufactured by Joseph Glass, No. 2, Moor-lane, Fore-street_. - - Cane Machines, with chimney - cloth complete:-- - - 40 feet in length £3 10 0 - 50 ditto ditto 4 0 0 - 60 ditto ditto 4 10 0 - 70 ditto ditto 5 0 0 - 80 ditto ditto 5 10 0 - - Ash or Crab Machines, on the same - principles, with chimney cloth - complete:-- - - 40 feet in length £2 5 0 - 50 ditto ditto 2 11 0 - 60 ditto ditto 2 17 0 - 70 ditto ditto 3 3 0 - 80 ditto ditto 3 8 0 - - If a Machine is required partly of Ash, and partly of Cane, the cost - will be in proportion to the number of joints of each used. - -N.B. The screws of all the joints of Glass’s Machine are stamped with -his name, to distinguish them from spurious ones. - - -AGENTS OF THE SOCIETY. - - Joseph Glass, 2, Moor-lane, Fore-street, Cripplegate. - Robert Day, 21, Newton-street, High Holborn. - Edward Raven, 64, Lant-street, Borough. - John Shepherd, 19, Kinnerton-street, Wilton-place, Knightsbridge. - - -The following form is recommended to those who may be disposed to -become Benefactors to this Society by Will:-- - -“_I give and bequeath unto_ A. B. _and_ C. D. _the sum of __________ to -be raised and paid out of my Personal Estate and Effects upon trust, to -the intent that they, or either of them, do pay the same to the -Treasurer for the time being of a Benevolent Society, which is now -called or commonly known by the name of ‘The Society for Superseding the -necessity of Climbing Boys,’ which sum I desire may be applied to the -purposes of that Society._” - - Ten Guineas constitutes a perpetual, and one Guinea an Annual Member. - Subscriptions and Donations are received by the Treasurer, W. Tooke, - Esq., 39, Bedford-row; the Honorary Secretary; Messrs. Hoare, - Fleet-street; Messrs. Williams and Co., Birchin-lane; and by the - Collector, Mr. H. Clemson, No. 7, Grange-road, Bermondsey. - - -Macintosh, Printer, 20, Great New-street, London. - - - - -Transcriber’s Note - - -In this file, text in _italics_ is indicated by underscores. - -Minor printer’s errors have been corrected by the transcriber; -otherwise, as far as possible, original spelling and punctuation have -been retained. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOCIETY FOR SUPERSEDING THE -NECESSITY OF CLIMBING BOYS, BY ENCOURAGING A NEW METHOD OF SWEEPING -CHIMNEYS *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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