diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/67824-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/67824-0.txt | 1157 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1157 deletions
diff --git a/old/67824-0.txt b/old/67824-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8216660..0000000 --- a/old/67824-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1157 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Statement of Facts Tending to -Establish an Estimate of the True Value and Present State of -Vaccination, by Gilbert Blaine - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: A Statement of Facts Tending to Establish an Estimate of the True - Value and Present State of Vaccination - -Author: Gilbert Blaine - -Release Date: April 13, 2022 [eBook #67824] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Daniel Lowe and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The - Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A STATEMENT OF FACTS TENDING -TO ESTABLISH AN ESTIMATE OF THE TRUE VALUE AND PRESENT STATE OF -VACCINATION *** - - - A - - STATEMENT OF FACTS, - - TENDING TO - - ESTABLISH AN ESTIMATE OF THE TRUE VALUE - - AND - - PRESENT STATE - - OF - - VACCINATION. - - ---------- - - BY SIR GILBERT BLANE, BART. - - _F.R.S. of London, Edinburgh, and Göttingen; Member of the Imperial - Academy of St. Petersburgh; and Physician in Ordinary to the King._ - - ------------------------- - - FROM THE TENTH VOLUME OF THE MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL TRANSACTIONS, PUBLISHED - BY THE MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON; - - WITH ADDITIONS. - - ------------------------- - - LONDON: - - PRINTED FOR THOMAS AND GEORGE UNDERWOOD, 32, FLEET STREET. - - ---------- - - 1820. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - J. MOYES, GREVILLE STREET, LONDON. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - A - - STATEMENT OF FACTS, - - TENDING TO ESTABLISH AN ESTIMATE OF THE TRUE VALUE AND - PRESENT STATE OF - - VACCINATION. - - BY SIR GILBERT BLANE, BART. F.R.S. Lond. &c. - - _Physician in Ordinary to the King._ - - ------------------------- - - _Read Nov. 10, 1819._ - - ------------------------- - -It is now twenty-one years since Vaccination was promulgated in this -country by Dr. Jenner, and fifteen years since it began to produce a -sensible effect in diminishing the mortality from Small Pox. In regard -to the latter period, it is coeval with this Society; yet, though no -discovery in nature nor in medicine has been more important to the -interests of humanity, nor any which has ever so rapidly and universally -won the assent and practical adoption of mankind, there are no notices -of it on our records, except in our second volume, in an article by Dr. -Bateman, in which he relates a case of a mother who was affected with -the Small Pox a second time, by being exposed to infection, from some of -her own children who had caught it casually; while her other children, -who had been vaccinated, resisted it. As it is to be hoped that our -labours will prove to posterity some of the principal sources of -reference regarding the medical and chirurgical discoveries and -improvements of the age; as it is one of the reproaches of our country, -that it has not availed itself so much as any other of the benefits of -Vaccination; and as there are writers among us who still allege that the -failures are so numerous that the value of the discovery is very -ambiguous, it seems one of the duties of the Society to lend its aid in -placing these important points in their true light. - -It seems almost needless to premise, that the Small Pox is of all -maladies that, which, during the last thousand years, has destroyed the -largest portion of the human species, and been productive of the largest -share of human misery. There is, perhaps, no disease over which medical -art has less power; and this power, such as it is, has consisted more in -abolishing pernicious practices, than in ascertaining any positive -methods of controlling its fatality, unless we except the inoculation of -it with its own _virus_. But, though the beneficial effect of this on -those on whom it is actually practised is undeniable, it has no tendency -like Vaccination to extirpate the disease; and from the impossibility of -rendering it universal, it has actually been found to add to the general -mortality of Small Pox, by opening a new source for the diffusion of its -_virus_. - -It ought to be stated also, with a view to a decision on this question, -that Vaccination itself is attended with no danger, and frequently takes -effect without any visible disturbance in the system. There is even -reason to believe, that in its process it wards off other diseases, by -pre-occupying the constitution. - -In order to bring this matter to the test of calculation, in order also -to institute a comparison of the mortality of Small Pox as influenced by -Vaccination, as well as by Inoculation from itself, I have selected from -the bills of mortality four periods, each of fifteen years, for the -purpose of exhibiting the mortality of Small Pox in each of these series -in regard to each other. These are thrown into the form of Tables, and -annexed to this article. - -The first series, is the fifteen years immediately preceding the -introduction of Inoculation; that is, from 1706 to 1720, both included. -Previous to this period, no account that could be depended upon -regarding the Small Pox, could be derived from the bills of mortality; -for down to the beginning of last century such was their imperfect -construction, that Small Pox, Measles, and Flux were blended under one -head. Exception may be taken against the accuracy of these bills, even -in this improved state, particularly with regard to the discrimination -of diseases. This objection, however, is certainly less applicable to -Small Pox than any other disorder, its character being so striking as -not to be mistaken by the most ignorant and careless observer. - -The second series is taken at the middle of the last century, when -Inoculation had made considerable progress; that is, from 1745 to 1759, -both included. In comparing this with the preceding series, with regard -to absolute numbers, it ought to be taken into account, that eleven -parishes were added to the bills of mortality, between the years 1726 -and 1745, both included: so that the progressive improvement of general -salubrity ought to be estimated still higher than what is indicated by -the diminished mortality, as it stands in the Tables. - -The third series comprises the fifteen years previous to the -introduction of Vaccination, when Inoculation had made still greater -progress; that is, from 1785 to 1798, both included. - -The fourth series comprises the time in which the vaccine Inoculation -has been so far diffused as to produce a notable effect on the mortality -of Small Pox; that is, from 1804 to 1818, both included. - -The result of these computations stands as follows:— - - _Ratio of the Mortality of Small Pox to the total Mortality._ - - From 1706 to 1720, one in 12.7; that is, 78 in 1000. - From 1745 to 1759, one in 11.2; that is, 89 in 1000. - From 1785 to 1798, one in 10.6; that is, 94 in 1000. - From 1804 to 1818, one in 18.9; that is, 53 in 1000. - - Fractions are not noticed in the last column of numbers. - -It appears from this statement, that the proportion of deaths from Small -Pox to the total mortality, increased in the course of last century; so -that Inoculation appears to have added to the mortality. It is but fair -to mention, however, that this total mortality is not quite a just scale -whereby to measure the relative mortality of Small Pox; for in the -course of that century, the general mortality itself was greatly -diminished in relation to the population. This diminution of general -mortality was chiefly owing to the diminished mortality of children -under two years of age, which, at the time when the account began to be -kept, 1729, averaged about 9000; but at the end of the century not more -than 5000[1]; also to the decrease of fevers, and still more of fluxes. -The relation of the mortality of Small Pox to the population, would -therefore be a more fair criterion of its increase or decrease. In this -view it might, at first sight, be thought that it had decreased; for the -population of the metropolis nearly doubled in the course of the last -century. But it is to be remarked, that there has been little increase -of population in that portion of the metropolis which is included in the -bills of mortality; the great increase having been in the parishes of -Mary-le-bone and St. Pancras, which are not included in these bills. It -is computed in the remarks subjoined to the last parliamentary returns -of population, that the population of London, within the walls, had -decreased more than three-fifths in the course of last century, from the -widening of streets, the erection of public buildings and warehouses, -and, it might have been added, from the migration of mercantile families -to the west end of the town. As a set-off to this, there has certainly -been a great addition, in the same time, to those parishes within the -bills, which stand on the verge of the metropolis, such as St. George’s -Hanover Square, St. George’s Bloomsbury, Poplar, and Stepney. But the -addition to the population, if any, within the bills of mortality, does -not seem to be so considerable as to affect the computation. And, if -this is admitted, the absolute numbers of the deaths from Small Pox, -estimated in relation to the population, that is, exactly as they stand -on the Tables, afford a fair comparative statement of the mortality in -the last century, and seem to prove that Inoculation has not added so -much to it as has been alleged. It was in the rural population that the -effect of Inoculation in diffusing Small Pox was chiefly felt. In this -situation there is much less intercourse of persons with each other than -in towns, so that not only many individuals escaped from their not being -exposed to infection during their whole lives, but whole districts were -known to have been exempt from it for a long series of years, before it -was universally diffused by Inoculation. - -But the truly important result from these statements consists in the -clear, undeniable, and great diminution of it since the introduction of -Vaccination. It appears, that in the last fifteen years, the mortality -from Small Pox, in the bills of mortality, has not been much more than -one-half of what it was in the two like series of years in the middle -and latter end of the last century. Nor does this comprise the whole -benefit derived from this discovery in the metropolis; for, besides that -the sixth part of it lies without the bills, it was found, in levying -the tax on burials for the last six months of 1794, that the number of -unregistered deaths, chiefly those of dissenters, amounted in that half -year to 3148; and the reporter of the parliamentary enumeration thinks -that, as besides these there were undiscovered interments, the -unregistered deaths may be computed at one-third of the total mortality, -that is, about 7000. (_See Abstract of the Parish Registers, 1811, -printed by authority of Parliament, page 200._) - -Assuming, therefore, that Vaccination had not been practised the last -fifteen years, and that the mortality from Small Pox, within the bills, -had in that time, that is, from 1804 to 1818, been the same as from 1784 -to 1798, that is, 27,569 in place of 14,716; and assuming that there has -been the same proportional diminution of deaths in the districts without -the bills, and among the unregistered subjects, the account of lives -saved in this metropolis by Vaccination in the fifteen years, will stand -as follows:— - - Within the bills of mortality 12,853 - Without the bills of mortality 2,570 - Unregistered cases 7,711 - ------ - Total 23,134 - -The first of these numbers is found by subtracting the amount of deaths -by Small Pox, in the bills of mortality, during the practice of -Vaccination, from the amount of them, during the same number of years, -immediately before the discovery of Vaccination. - -The second number is found by dividing the first by 5. The population of -the metropolis without the bills is stated at one-sixth of the whole, -which is evidently one-fifth of that within the bills. - -The third number is found by dividing the sum of the two others by 2; -the unregistered cases being, as before stated, one-third of the whole. - -It appears, therefore, that, even under the very imperfect practice of -Vaccination which has taken place in this metropolis, 23,134 lives have -been saved in the last fifteen years, according to the best computation -that the _data_ afford. It will be seen, by an inspection of the Table, -that in that time there have been great fluctuations in the number of -deaths. This has been owing partly to the Small Pox Inoculation of -out-patients having, by an unaccountable infatuation, been kept up at -the Small Pox Hospital for several years after the virtue of Vaccination -had been fully confirmed. The greater number of deaths in 1805 may -chiefly be referred to this cause. Since the suppression of this -practice, the adoption of Vaccination, though in a degree so incomplete, -in consequence of public prejudice, created entirely by mischievous -publications, has been unable to prevent a considerable, though -fluctuating, mortality from Small Pox. The late mortality from Small -Pox, though little more than one half of what it was in former times, -might have been entirely saved, if Vaccination had been carried to the -same extent as in many cities and whole districts on the continent of -Europe, in Peru, and Ceylon. - -In the summer of 1811 the author was called to visit, professionally, -Don Francisco de Salazar, who had arrived a few days before in London, -on his route from Lima to Cadiz, as a deputy to the Spanish Cortes. He -informed him, that Vaccination had been practised with so much energy -and success in Lima, that for the last twelve months there had occurred, -not only no death from, but no case of, Small Pox; that the new-born -children of all ranks are carried as regularly to the Vaccinating House -as to the font of baptism; that the Small Pox is entirely extinguished -all over Peru; nearly so in Chili; and that there has been no compulsory -interference on the part of the government to promote Vaccination. - -It is now matter of irrefragable historical evidence, that Vaccination -possesses powers adequate to the great end proposed by its meritorious -discoverer, in his first promulgation of it in 1798, namely, the total -extirpation of Small Pox. The first proof of this was at Vienna, where, -in 1804, no cases occurred, except two strangers who came into the city -with the disease upon them. In 1805 there did not occur a single death -from it in Copenhagen[2]. Dr. Sacco, the indefatigable superintendent of -Vaccination in Lombardy, stated, in his Annual Report, 3d January, 1808, -that the Small Pox had entirely disappeared in all the large towns in -that country; and that in the great city of Milan it had not appeared -for several years. Dr. Odier, of Geneva, so favourably known for his -high professional, scientific, and literary acquirements, testifies, -that, after a vigorous perseverance in Vaccination for six years, the -Small Pox had disappeared in that city and the whole surrounding -district; and that, when casually introduced by strangers, it did not -spread, the inhabitants not being _susceptible_. The Central Committee -in Paris testify, in their Report of 1809, that the Small Pox had been -extinguished at Lyons and other districts of France. - -These are selected as some of the earliest and most remarkable proofs of -the extirpating power. But it is demonstrable, that if at the first -moment of this singular discovery, at any moment since, at the present -or any future moment, mankind were sufficiently wise and decided to -vaccinate the whole of the human species who have not gone through the -Small Pox, from that moment would this most loathsome and afflicting of -all the scourges of humanity be instantaneously, and for ever, banished -from the earth. - -It is farther manifest, that extirpation being the ultimate aim of this -discovery, and there being the fullest historical and practical evidence -of its being capable of accomplishing this end, all other questions with -regard to its expediency must be futile and irrelevant. It is in the -nature of all morbid phenomena to be liable to exception. One of the -most essential and characteristic laws of Small Pox itself, namely, that -of its affecting the human subject but once in life, is found in rare -cases to be violated. It is, therefore, perfectly conformable to -analogy, and naturally to be expected, that it may not in all cases be a -complete security against Small Pox. But it is obvious, that, admitting -these exceptions to be very frequent, much more so than the recurrence -of Small Pox after Small Pox, this can constitute no objection to the -practice, as long as the extirpating power remains unimpaired and -unimpeached. Nay, it is obviously so far from an objection, that it -ought to operate as a powerful additional incentive on every benevolent -mind, to push Vaccination to the utmost, as rapidly as possible, in -order that those who are still susceptible, either from peculiar natural -constitution, or from the unskillful manner of conducting the operation, -or from defective matter, may not, by any possibility, catch it; for, in -the event of its extirpation, it could nowhere be met with. And in order -to stimulate the good and the wise to aim strenuously at this -consummation, let it be constantly borne in mind, that the adversary -they are contending with is the greatest scourge that has ever afflicted -humanity. That it is so, all history, civil and medical, proclaims: for, -though the term Plague carries a sound of greater horror and dismay, we -should probably be within the truth, if we were to assert, that Small -Pox has destroyed a hundred for every one that has perished by the -Plague. - -It is true that in its last visitation of this metropolis, one hundred -and fifty-four years ago, it carried off 70,000 victims in a few months; -but since that time, the deaths from Small Pox, recorded in the bills of -mortality, have amounted to more than 300,000; and a like number of the -survivors have been afflicted with blindness, deformity, scrofula, or -broken constitutions, which is not the case with the survivors of the -Plague. It appears, by a Report of the Hospital for the Indigent Blind, -that two thirds of those who apply for relief have lost their sight by -the Small Pox. It is alleged by some of the soundest Political -Economists that Small Pox does not diminish the numbers of mankind, nor -Vaccination increase them; for population is determined by subsistence, -and the indefinite powers of procreation soon repair the ravages of -disease. But, however true this may be, the miseries incident to so many -of those who survive Small Pox, whereby they become a burden to -themselves, their families, and to society, render this disease -uncontrovertibly an evil of the first magnitude, not to mention the -intense sufferings and afflictions inseparable from it; and in this view -of the matter the objection seriously adduced against Vaccination by one -of its opponents[3], that _Small Pox is a merciful dispensation of -Providence for the poor man, by diminishing the burden of his family_, -will not hold good, for the burden is not removed. - -And when it is considered that there are large portions of the globe, -India, China, even one whole quarter of it (North and South America), -besides all the tropical and arctic regions, in which the Plague has -never been known; and that in all the countries liable to it, it seldom -appears but at one season of the year, and in some at long intervals, -the ravage which it makes is trifling when compared with the unceasing -havoc of Small Pox, which spares no nation in any climate, or at any -season. Yet the Legislative Regulations for excluding and checking the -Plague are of the most harsh and despotic description, while the law -touches upon Small Pox comparatively with the most lenient hand. It -ought to be generally known, however, that in a late trial and -conviction, it was laid down by the judge to be the law of the land, -that a medical practitioner who neglects to exclude the person whom he -inoculates from communication with others, is liable to fine and -imprisonment. Morally considered, indeed, it is difficult to conceive a -higher degree of flagitious turpitude than that of a professional -person, in the present state of knowledge, exposing his -fellow-creatures, from sordid motives, to one of the most grievous -calamities of which human nature is susceptible. - -The preceding reasoning is grounded on the supposition of extirpation: -but, however demonstrable the _possibility_ of extirpation may be, it -may not in all communities be _practicable_; and may not these alleged -failures so operate, as, in such circumstances, to render the expediency -of the practice questionable? - -In order to decide this, let the nature and amount of these failures be -ascertained and estimated. - -The description of those cases of Small Pox, (if they can be called so,) -which occur in vaccinated subjects, is shortly as follows:—The invasion -and eruption in every respect resembles that of the genuine Small Pox. I -have seen it attended with high fever and a thick crowded crop of -_papulæ_, such as precedes the most severe and dangerous cases of the -confluent kind. This runs on till the fifth day from the eruption, both -days included, at which time some of the _papulæ_ begin to be converted -into small sized pustules. The disorder then abruptly stops short. On -the following day the fever is found to have subsided, with a -shrivelling and desiccation of the eruption, and recovery proceeds -without the least danger or inconvenience. The face is marked, for some -time after, with brown spots, but without pits. It should never be -forgotten, that all morbid _phænomena_ are full of varieties and -exceptions. Accordingly, though the fifth day is the most common limit -of this disorder, it sometimes stops short on the third; sometimes not -till the sixth or seventh; and, in a very few cases, it has been known -to run the common course of Small Pox. What forms the strong line of -distinction from proper Small Pox, is that, with a few exceptions, it -does not advance to maturation and secondary fever, which is the only -period of danger. I am not prepared to deny that death may not have -occurred in a few instances; nay, there seems sufficient evidence that -it actually has; but these adverse cases are so rare, as not to form the -shadow of an objection to the expediency of the general practice. A few -weeks ago at a meeting of this Society, at which forty members and -visitors were present, I put the question whether any of these eminent -and extensive practitioners had met with any fatal cases of this kind. -Two gentlemen had each seen a single case, and two other gentlemen took -occasion to say that they had each seen a case of second Small Pox, both -of which proved fatal. It is evident, therefore, that according to that -maxim which guides mankind in the conduct of life, namely, that of -acting on a general rule and average, and not on exceptions, these -adverse instances ought not to have the least influence on practice, -even though they were much more numerous. Nor indeed do they, except in -the very rare cases here cited, deserve the name of failures; for, -though they fail in preventing _Small Pox_, they do not fail to prevent -_Death_. And let me here, in the name of humanity, beseech practitioners -not to be forward in publishing single cases of failures, real or -supposed; for, when the weak minded and uninformed hear of these -failures, without hearing at the same time that there are hundreds of -cases of permanent security for every single case of failure, they are -guided by the _exception_, which becomes to them the _rule_; their -judgments being thereby most fatally perverted. - -As it is of the utmost consequence to establish the strong and important -distinction between Small Pox, properly so called, and that which takes -place after Vaccination, which may be called the mitigated, or five day -Small Pox, a few of the most impressive testimonies respecting the safe -nature of the latter may be here recited. Mr. Brown[4], of Musselburgh, -gives the detail of forty-eight cases, in none of which did the -secondary fever nor death occur. Here was a saving of at least eight -lives, at the lowest computation; for this is the number which, by the -average mortality of natural Small Pox, would have died if the -constitutions of these forty-eight persons had not been modified by -previous Vaccination. Dr. Dewar, of Edinburgh, hearing that many -vaccinated subjects had been affected with Small Pox at Cupar in Fife, -where the natural Small Pox at the same time prevailed, he most laudably -repaired to the spot to investigate the subject. He found that -fifty-four vaccinated subjects had caught the Small Pox. All these, -except one, had the mitigated or five day eruptive fever, and livid. The -fatal case was that of a child, who had a complication of other -disorders, and having died on the fifth day, the Small Pox, according to -its ordinary course of fatality, could not of itself be the cause of -death. All the rest were safe; while of sixteen cases of the natural -Small Pox at the same time and place, six died; so that, if these -fifty-three cases had not undergone the mitigating process of -Vaccination, nineteen or twenty would have perished. Between thirty and -forty cases of the same kind have occurred at Carlisle, on the testimony -of Dr. Barnes, a respectable practitioner of that city[5]. Many proofs -might be adduced from the oral testimony of private practitioners, which -would overswell this article. The only other to be mentioned is from the -Report of the Central Committee of Vaccination at Paris, made in -December last, in which the description of the disease occurring after -Vaccination corresponds exactly with the mitigated five day cases which -have occurred in Britain. They refuse the name of Small Pox to it; but -as I know from my own observation, as well as from the testimony of -others, that the matter from it does by Inoculation give the Small Pox, -we can hardly, perhaps, with propriety deny it that name; but it should -be distinguished by some strong discriminating epithet, such as is -suggested above. - -As the attack of Small Pox in subjects who have undergone Vaccination, -generally occurs after a long interval, it becomes a question whether -this is owing merely to the chance of such subjects not having been -exposed to variolous contagion, or to the effect of time in diminishing -the antivariolous virtue of vaccination. The former is certainly -conceivable; but when we consider the numberless severe proofs to which -the recently vaccinated were experimentally exposed in the early part of -this practice all over Europe, from which the most satisfactory evidence -resulted; and when it is considered that, in the great majority of -cases, Small Pox has not occurred till several years after vaccination, -it seems by far most probable that the virtue of it is weakened by time. -When parents, therefore, become anxious and apprehensive regarding the -risk of Small Pox after a lapse of years, it seems quite reasonable that -they should be indulged in having the operation repeated. - -Let all this be applied to the case of a community, in which the total -eradication of Small Pox is quite hopeless. Let it be admitted that such -occurrences as have been described do frequently occur: let it even be -admitted, for argument’s sake, that every vaccinated case whatever must -of necessity and unavoidably at some time or other in future life be -affected with this mitigated species of Small Pox, would it not even -under this great abatement be one of the greatest boons that could be -conferred on humanity, being an instrument or remedy which would disarm -Small Pox of its danger? Would not the next greatest benefit to the -total extirpation of Small Pox, be the stripping it of its terrors by -rendering it safe and harmless? - -It may be further remarked, that the benefit derivable from the -different proportions of the persons vaccinated to the total population, -advances in a considerably higher progression than the simple -arithmetical. It is evident that the smaller the relative number of the -vaccinated, the greater their chance of meeting with Small Pox -infection, and that though the disease which they may catch is of a -mitigated nature, it would nevertheless be desirable to avoid it on its -own account, but still more on account of the prejudice it creates. -This, in the eye of general benevolence, constitutes an additional, -though secondary motive for extending the vaccine inoculation as widely -as possible, even though the attainment of the _maximum_, that is, total -extirpation, should be impracticable and hopeless. - -It is of the highest importance to society, that this subject should be -seen in its true light, and in all its bearings; for the frequent -occurrence of these cases of Small Pox, however safe in themselves, have -had a most pernicious effect on the credulous and ignorant, by giving a -check to the practice of Vaccination. It ought never to be forgot that -the power of Vaccination in extirpating Small Pox being established, the -question of its expediency is completely set at rest. How many parents -are there now who, from a weak distrust in the virtue of Vaccination, -have to lament the loss of a child from Small Pox, either casual or -inoculated? Many such are known to myself. It is pleasing, however, to -observe, that though this unmerited discredit into which Vaccination had -fallen, swelled the number of deaths in London from Small Pox to 1051 in -1817, good sense is likely still to prevail, for last year (1818) the -deaths have fallen lower than they have ever been known since the -institution of the bills of mortality, the total number being only -421[6]. - -On the whole matter, I believe I am speaking the language of every man -of good principles and feelings, capable of reflecting seriously and -considerately on the subject, when I say, that whenever he applies his -mind to it, he finds some new and increasing cause of complacency and -satisfaction. Viewed as a mere physical fact in the natural history of -the animal kingdom, the virtue of the vaccine _virus_ in resisting the -action of the _variolous_, is, by its novelty and singularity, highly -striking and interesting to every one whose taste leads him to take -delight in contemplating and exploring the devious ways and varied forms -of Nature, as curious exceptions to the uniformity and constancy of her -laws. One can hardly contemplate with sufficient astonishment, the -extraordinary fact that a morbid poison taken from a domestic animal -should, when inserted into the human body, shield it against the assault -of one of the most fatal and cruel maladies to which it is incident. But -the importance of this, as a physical curiosity, vanishes to nothing -when the unexampled benefits of it to mankind are fairly weighed; -benefits which could never have been dreamt of by the most sanguine -philanthropist, who, in contemplating it, finds himself lost in -astonishment, at a boon to mankind almost beyond the grasp of his mind -duly to appreciate: so that what seems at first sight merely a sportive -aberration from the usual course of things, has, by the wise -dispensation of Providence, become subservient to the most beneficent -purposes: and how many more useful discoveries may there yet be in -reserve for the alleviation of human misery, from obscure and undetected -facts still lurking under the very surface of Nature! It will in the -eyes of future ages be deemed an _epocha_ in the destinies of the world, -and one of the highest boasts of the country in which it took its rise, -with a sense of unrequitable obligation to the individual[7] who first -disclosed and promulgated the secret, by drawing it from the dark -recesses of rural tradition, and rendering it available to the whole -human race. - -Such are the sentiments which must fill every well constituted mind; and -it behoves the whole medical profession, which has already done itself -so much honour by the zealous and disinterested encouragement afforded -to it, to continue its efforts in eradicating every remaining prejudice -against it. It becomes Englishmen, in particular, to cherish it, not -only as the native offspring of their country, of which they have reason -to be proud, but to redeem the character of the nation from the reproach -of having, of all others, whether savage or civilized, done the least -justice to this noble discovery. It is somewhat humiliating to reflect, -that while there is no country which has received more striking and -unambiguous benefits from this discovery, there is none which has prized -it less, nor availed itself of it so little. I here allude to the -unspeakable advantage of it to the public service, both by sea and land, -in the late war, so eventful and portentous in its course, and so -glorious in its termination. Formerly, Small Pox was one of the greatest -embarrassments to the operations of armies; and ships of war were -occasionally under the necessity of quitting the sea, from the -prevalence of this disorder among their crews. Those lately at the head -of the navy and army, with that vigilant wisdom and humanity which -become those who direct the affairs of a great and enlightened nation, -recommended and enforced the practice of Vaccination in both these -departments, to the great furtherance of the public service. Their -example has by no means been followed among the civil population of -England. This is chiefly imputable to the abuse of the press, the -general licentiousness of which may be denounced as one of the most -grievous evils of this age and country, in regard to other subjects -interesting to humanity and public happiness, as well as this; the -votaries of error and depravity being more successful, because they find -more encouragement in disseminating their principles, than the advocates -of truth, virtue, and good order. There is no maxim more true, than that -the best things do become by abuse the worst, and that in proportion to -their excellence. What a mortifying contrast does England form with -Peru, where it was adopted instantly, in consequence of a flash of -conviction from the light of evidence! and was not this conviction fully -justified by the immediate disappearance of Small Pox from that whole -region? To those nations who may feel an envy of the glory attached to -our country by this discovery, it must be no small consolation to -perceive that a large proportion of the English nation has hitherto been -so besotted as not to know how to appreciate it, nor how to avail -themselves of it, and that it has encountered more opposition among -ourselves than in all the world besides. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - TABLE I. - - ┌──────┬──────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬──────────┐ - │Years.│ Total │Mortality from│Proportion.│Proportion│ - │ │Mortality.│ Small Pox. │ │ to 1000. │ - ├──────┼──────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼──────────┤ - │ 1706 │ 22,097 │ 1094 │1 in 20 │ 50│ - │ 1707 │ 21,600 │ 1078 │1 20 │ 50│ - │ 1708 │ 21,291 │ 1687 │1 12-1/2│ 79│ - │ 1709 │ 21,800 │ 1024 │1 21 │ 49│ - │ 1710 │ 24,620 │ 3138 │1 8 │ 127│ - │ 1711 │ 19,833 │ 915 │1 21-1/2│ 46│ - │ 1712 │ 21,198 │ 1943 │1 11 │ 92│ - │ 1713 │ 21,057 │ 1614 │1 13 │ 77│ - │ 1714 │ 26,569 │ 2810 │1 9-1/2 │ 106│ - │ 1715 │ 22,232 │ 1057 │1 21 │ 47│ - │ 1716 │ 24,436 │ 2427 │1 10 │ 100│ - │ 1717 │ 23,446 │ 2211 │1 10-1/2│ 94│ - │ 1718 │ 26,523 │ 1884 │1 14 │ 71│ - │ 1719 │ 28,347 │ 3229 │1 8-3/4 │ 114│ - │ 1720 │ 25,454 │ 1440 │1 17-1/2│ 56│ - ├──────┴──────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼──────────┤ - │ Total—350,503 │ 27,557 │1 12.7 │ 78│ - └─────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴──────────┘ - - In this series it appears that the deaths from Small Pox are, to the - total mortality, as 1 in 12.7; that is, 78 in 1000. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - TABLE II. - - ┌──────┬──────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬──────────┐ - │Years.│ Total │Mortality from│Proportion.│Proportion│ - │ │Mortality.│ Small Pox. │ │ to 1000. │ - ├──────┼──────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼──────────┤ - │ 1745 │ 21,296 │ 1206 │1 in 17-3/4│ 56│ - │ 1746 │ 28,157 │ 3236 │1 8-3/4 │ 115│ - │ 1747 │ 25,494 │ 1380 │1 18-1/2│ 54│ - │ 1748 │ 23,869 │ 1789 │1 13-1/2│ 75│ - │ 1749 │ 25,516 │ 2625 │1 9-3/4 │ 103│ - │ 1750 │ 23,727 │ 1229 │1 19-1/4│ 52│ - │ 1751 │ 21,028 │ 998 │1 21 │ 48│ - │ 1752 │ 20,485 │ 3538 │1 5-3/4 │ 172│ - │ 1753 │ 19,276 │ 774 │1 25 │ 40│ - │ 1754 │ 22,696 │ 2359 │1 9-1/2 │ 104│ - │ 1755 │ 21,917 │ 1988 │1 11 │ 91│ - │ 1756 │ 20,872 │ 1608 │1 13 │ 77│ - │ 1757 │ 21,313 │ 3296 │1 6-1/2 │ 155│ - │ 1758 │ 17,576 │ 1273 │1 13-3/4│ 73│ - │ 1759 │ 19,604 │ 2596 │1 7-1/2 │ 132│ - ├──────┴──────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼──────────┤ - │ Total—332,826 │ 29,895 │1 11.2 │ 89│ - └─────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴──────────┘ - - In this series it appears that the proportion of deaths from Small Pox - is, to the total mortality, as 1 in 11.2; that is, 89 in 1000. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - TABLE III. - - ┌──────┬──────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬──────────┐ - │Years.│ Total │Mortality from│Proportion.│Proportion│ - │ │Mortality.│ Small Pox. │ │ to 1000. │ - ├──────┼──────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼──────────┤ - │ 1784 │ 20,454 │ 1210 │1 in 17 │ 59│ - │ 1785 │ 18,919 │ 1999 │1 9-1/2 │ 106│ - │ 1786 │ 20,445 │ 1210 │1 17 │ 59│ - │ 1787 │ 19,349 │ 2418 │1 8 │ 125│ - │ 1788 │ 19,697 │ 1101 │1 17-3/4│ 56│ - │ 1789 │ 20,749 │ 2077 │1 10 │ 100│ - │ 1790 │ 18,038 │ 1617 │1 11-1/4│ 89│ - │ 1791 │ 18,760 │ 1747 │1 10-3/4│ 93│ - │ 1792 │ 20,313 │ 1568 │1 13 │ 77│ - │ 1793 │ 21,749 │ 2382 │1 9 │ 11│ - │ 1794 │ 19,241 │ 1913 │1 10 │ 99│ - │ 1795 │ 21,179 │ 1040 │1 20-1/4│ 49│ - │ 1796 │ 19,288 │ 3548 │1 54 │ 18│ - │ 1797 │ 17,014 │ 512 │1 33-1/2│ 30│ - │ 1798 │ 18,155 │ 2237 │1 8 │ 123│ - ├──────┴──────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼──────────┤ - │ Total—293,350 │ 26,579 │1 11 │ 90.9│ - └─────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴──────────┘ - - In this series it appears that the proportion of deaths from Small Pox - to the total mortality is 1 in 11, that is, 90.9 in 1000. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - TABLE IV. - - ┌──────┬──────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬──────────┐ - │Years.│ Total │Mortality from│Proportion.│Proportion│ - │ │Mortality.│ Small Pox. │ │ to 1000. │ - ├──────┼──────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼──────────┤ - │ 1804 │ 17,038 │ 622 │1 in 27-1/2│ 36│ - │ 1805 │ 17,565 │ 1685 │1 10-1/2│ 96│ - │ 1806 │ 18,334 │ 1297 │1 14 │ 71│ - │ 1807 │ 17,938 │ 1158 │1 15-1/2│ 65│ - │ 1808 │ 19,964 │ 1169 │1 17-1/4│ 58│ - │ 1809 │ 16,680 │ 1163 │1 14-1/4│ 70│ - │ 1810 │ 19,893 │ 1198 │1 16-1/2│ 60│ - │ 1811 │ 17,043 │ 751 │1 22-3/4│ 44│ - │ 1812 │ 18,295 │ 1287 │1 14-1/4│ 70│ - │ 1813 │ 17,322 │ 898 │1 19-1/4│ 52│ - │ 1814 │ 19,783 │ 638 │1 31 │ 32│ - │ 1815 │ 19,560 │ 725 │1 27 │ 37│ - │ 1816 │ 20,316 │ 653 │1 31-1/4│ 32│ - │ 1817 │ 19,968 │ 1051 │1 19 │ 53│ - │ 1818 │ 19,705 │ 421 │1 47 │ 21│ - ├──────┴──────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼──────────┤ - │ Total—279,404 │ 14,716 │1 18.9 │ 53│ - └─────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴──────────┘ - - In this series it appears that the proportion of deaths from Small Pox - to the total mortality is 1 in 18.9, that is, 53 in 1000. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - LONDON: - - PRINTED BY J. MOYES, GREVILLE STREET. - ------ - -Footnote 1: - - This diminished mortality of young children is, like that of fevers - and fluxes, owing chiefly to the improvements in ventilation and - cleanliness, but greatly also to laying aside the custom of exposing - them to the open air in winter and early in spring; either from - inadvertency, or from the false notion of rendering them hardy, - whereas they thereby catch inflammations of the lungs. Nothing tends - more to the health, strength, and growth of children, than genial - warmth. It seems chiefly owing to the great plenty and cheapness of - fuel, that the race of people in Lancashire are so superior in their - form and size. In Buckinghamshire, on the contrary, where fuel is - extremely scanty and dear, the race of people is small and puny, - insomuch that it is provided by Act of Parliament that men shall be - admitted into the militia of a smaller stature in this than other - counties. - -Footnote 2: - - See Pfaff Neuen Nord v. Archiv. B. I. - -Footnote 3: - - See Serious Reasons for uniformly opposing Vaccination. By John Birch. - London, 1807. - -Footnote 4: - - See Inquiry into the Antivariolous power of Vaccination. Ed. 1809. - There is an article in the Edinburgh Medical Journal by the same - gentleman in 1819, in which he mentions that he had heard of several - deaths having occurred from cases of Small Pox after Vaccination. But, - admitting this, it is utterly incomprehensible by what process of - reasoning Mr. Brown could on such premises arrive at the conclusion - that Vaccination ought to be exploded and abandoned. - -Footnote 5: - - See also a clear and able exposition of this subject in the Medical - and Surgical Journal of Edinburgh for July, 1818, by Mr. Dunning, of - Plymouth. - -Footnote 6: - - Since the first publication of this Tract, it has appeared that in the - succeeding year (1819), the deaths from the Small Pox had advanced to - 712; which ought to add to the perseverance, zeal, and vigilance, of - the friends of humanity in prosecuting Vaccination. - -Footnote 7: - - Dr. Edward Jenner. - - * * * * * - - Transcriber’s Notes - -Some inconsistencies in spelling, hyphenation, and punctuation have been -retained. - -This file uses _underscores_ to indicate italic text. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A STATEMENT OF FACTS TENDING TO -ESTABLISH AN ESTIMATE OF THE TRUE VALUE AND PRESENT STATE OF -VACCINATION *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this eBook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that: - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without -widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |