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diff --git a/old/68310-0.txt b/old/68310-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 964e50a..0000000 --- a/old/68310-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3273 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The American Red Cross Bulletin (Vol. -IV, No. 1), by The American Red Cross - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The American Red Cross Bulletin (Vol. IV, No. 1) - -Author: The American Red Cross - -Release Date: June 14, 2022 [eBook #68310] - -Language: English - -Produced by: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images - made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN RED CROSS -BULLETIN (VOL. IV, NO. 1) *** - - - - - -The American Red Cross Bulletin (Vol. IV, No. 1) - - - - - VOL. IV. JANUARY, 1909. No. 1. - - BULLETIN - - PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY - - The American - Red Cross - - WASHINGTON, D. C. - - [Illustration] - - National Headquarters - Room 341, State, War and Navy Building - Washington, D. C. - - Entered at the Post Office, Washington, D. C., as second-class matter - - - - -[Illustration: NOTE.—RED CROSSES INDICATE STATES AND POSSESSIONS IN WHICH -BRANCH SOCIETIES HAVE BEEN ORGANIZED.] - - - - -CONTENTS - - - PAGE - - Preface 3 - - William Howard Taft (with Portrait) 4 - - Robert W. de Forest (with Portrait) 6 - - The Forest Fire Disasters (illustrated) 7 - By Ernest P. Bicknell. - - Report of Michigan Branch 15 - By Ralph M. Dyar. - - South Carolina Flood Relief (illustrated) 15 - By A. C. Kaufman. - - Report of Investigation in the Flooded Districts of South - Carolina (illustrated) 20 - By Janet E. Kemp. - - A Short Sketch of the Russian Red Cross (illustrated) 27 - By J. de Thal. - - The Christmas Stamp 32 - - The Story of the Red Cross (with Portrait) 34 - - Report of Chairman of the Central Committee 36 - Major General George B. Davis, U. S. A. - - Report of the Treasurer 40 - Beekman Winthrop. - - Fourth Annual Red Cross Meeting 43 - - Red Cross Endowment Fund 44 - - Red Cross First-Aid Text-Book 45 - By William E. Curtis. - - First-Aid Instructions to Merchant Marine 46 - By 1st Lieutenant G. H. Richardson, M. R. C., U. S. A. - - The Red Cross and Esperanto 48 - By Major P.S. Straub, U.S.A., Medical Corps. - - Notes 49 - - - - -THE AMERICAN RED CROSS - - -Officers - - _President_, - HON. WILLIAM H. TAFT. - - _Treasurer_, - HON. BEEKMAN WINTHROP. - - _Counselor_, - HON. HENRY M. HOYT. - - _Secretary_, - CHARLES L. MAGEE. - - _Chairman of Central Committee_, - MAJOR-GENERAL GEO. W. DAVIS, U. S. A. (Ret.) - - _National Director_, - ERNEST P. BICKNELL. - -Board of Consultation - - BRIGADIER-GENERAL ROBERT M. O’REILLY, - Surgeon-General, U. S. Army. - - REAR ADMIRAL PRESLEY M. RIXEY, - Surgeon-General, U. S. Navy. - - SURGEON-GENERAL WALTER WYMAN, - U. S. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service. - -Central Committee 1908-1909 - - Major-General GEORGE W. DAVIS, U. S. A. (ret.), _Chairman_. - - Brigadier-General ROBERT M. O’REILLY, Surgeon-General, U. S. - Army, War Department, Washington, D. C. - - Hon. ROBERT BACON, Assistant Secretary of State, Department of - State, Washington, D. C. - - Hon. BEEKMAN WINTHROP, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, U. - S. Treasury Dept., Washington, D. C. - - Medical Director JOHN C. WISE, U. S. N., Navy Department, - Washington, D. C. - - Hon. HENRY M. HOYT, Solicitor-General, Department of Justice, - Washington, D. C. - - President BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER, University of California. - - Mr. JOHN M. GLENN, 105 East 22d street, New York, N. Y. - - Miss MABEL T. BOARDMAN, Washington, D. C. - - Hon. JAMES R. GARFIELD, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, - D. C. - - Hon. A. C. KAUFMAN, Charleston, S. C. - - Hon. H. KIRKE PORTER, 1600 I street, Washington, D. C. - - Mr. JOHN C. PEGRAM, Providence, R. I. - - General CHARLES BIRD, U. S. A., Wilmington, Del. - - Col. WILLIAM CARY SANGER, Sangerfield, N. Y. - - Judge LAMBERT TREE, 70 La Salle street, Chicago, Ill. - - Hon. JAMES TANNER, Washington, D. C. - - Mr. W. W. FARNAM, New Haven, Conn. - - - - -PREFACE - - -With its January issue the RED CROSS BULLETIN begins its fourth year. The -fact that it is becoming of more general interest has led those in charge -of the publication to increase its size that it may conform more to the -appearance of other magazines. A new cover, symbolical of Red Cross work, -will be provided for the April issue. As the expense of publishing the -BULLETIN has been a heavy drain upon the limited income of the Society, -it has also been decided to accept advertisements, so that the BULLETIN -may in part pay for itself. - -That, though elected President of the United States, Mr. Taft consented -to be re-elected President of the American Red Cross is a fact upon -which the Society is to be not only heartily congratulated, but for -which it is most deeply grateful; that, while assuming the great duties -and responsibilities of the highest office in the government, Mr. Taft -still desires to associate himself in an active way with the American -Red Cross is but another proof of his constant desire to be of service -to his country and also testifies to his belief in the usefulness of the -Society. The Red Cross has also been most fortunate in obtaining the -consent of Mr. Robert W. de Forest to act as the Vice-President. - -This issue contains reports and illustrations of the last two fields of -Red Cross relief. A short sketch of the Russian Red Cross has kindly been -prepared by a member of the Russian Embassy in Washington. - -The complete story of the Red Cross Christmas stamp can be told only in -the April BULLETIN. Its remarkable success is a great satisfaction. - -We trust our members will read the officer’s reports, the articles on -the Endowment Fund and the First-Aid Text-Books. The next problem that -our National Society has to meet, and must meet successfully, for it is -still young enough to have no such word as “Fail” in its lexicon, is the -raising of such an Endowment Fund as will put our Society on a permanent -basis and make it the equal of the great societies of the other countries -of the world. - -The First-Aid Text-Book cannot be too highly commended. We know too -little what to do in case of accidents. When statistics show that one -person out of every seven of the inhabitants of the United States is -injured annually, and that in New York alone during the last three -years the annual average of accidents on the surface, elevated and -subway traction system has been 34,000, the necessity of the valuable -information and instruction this book contains should be realized by -everyone. Mr. William E. Curtis has kindly written for the BULLETIN -a review of the Text-Book, and a further notice in regard to it is -contained in the advertising department. - -Just as the BULLETIN goes to press the Executive Committee learned, -through press reports and official channels, of the occurrence of an -earthquake in Southern Italy of unprecedented severity, and started its -relief machinery into motion by telegraphing the Red Cross Branches and -the Governors of several States, requesting that an appeal be issued and -contributions received for the relief of the sufferers. Reports of the -work of relief and a financial statement will be printed in the April -BULLETIN. - - - - -[Illustration: HON. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN RED -CROSS, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, MARCH 4, 1909.] - - - - -WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT - - -On February 8th, 1905, on call of the Secretary of War, the Incorporators -of the re-incorporated American National Red Cross held their first -meeting for re-organization in the diplomatic reception room of the State -Department. At this meeting William Howard Taft was elected the first -president of the re-organized Society. At each of the four subsequent -annual meetings Mr. Taft has presided, save in 1907, when absence in the -Philippines prevented his attendance, and at each of those meetings has -been re-elected president. - -The active duties of the Society are delegated by its Charter to a -Central Committee, the Chairman being appointed by the President of the -United States; therefore, the duties devolving upon the President of -the Society are supposedly of an honorary nature, but with a man of Mr. -Taft’s character, duty becomes honorable rather than honorary. - -Shortly after its re-organization and while in its very infancy, there -came upon the Society the storm and stress of the San Francisco disaster. -A great pressure of work fell also upon the War Department, but in spite -of this, and, though no by-law required his presence, Mr. Taft came -to the meetings of the Executive Committee, listened to the reports, -counseled and advised, and by his wisdom and clear judgment brought order -and result out of confusion and indecision. Whenever and however he could -be of help, he has given his assistance gladly, and only those who have -struggled through the problems of its re-organization can know the pillar -of strength he has been to the American Red Cross. - -Since Mr. Taft’s nomination and election to the Presidency of the United -States, so much has been written of his life and his achievements, it has -not seemed necessary to repeat it here. The people of this country have -set the seal of their approval upon the labors of his past. The wonderful -fidelity of his work for the far-away Philippines has led his country-men -to paraphrase scripture—“Thou hast been faithful over a few people; I -will make thee ruler over many people.” - -In spite of the great and many new duties that the Presidency of the -United States will bring upon Mr. Taft, he consented again to be elected -president of the American Red Cross. Moreover, he declined an election -to honorary membership, saying that he desired to consider himself an -active member of the Society. In thus continuing as president of the Red -Cross, the official organization for volunteer aid, Mr. Taft, who as -President, becomes Chief of the Army and Navy, will be able to bring into -close association these departments and the Red Cross, so that in case of -the misfortune of war or of great calamities, harmonious and systematic -relief work will result. - -With such a man for President as William Howard Taft, the American Red -Cross must live up to the thought he has, himself, expressed: - -“I say to you that there are rewards that are unknown to him who seeks -only what he regards as the substantial ones. The best of all is the pure -joy of service—to do things that are worth doing, to be in the thick of -it; ah! That is to live!” - - - - -[Illustration: ROBERT W. DE FOREST, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN RED -CROSS.] - - - - -ROBERT W. de FOREST - - -The Red Cross has been most fortunate in the acceptance of its -Vice-Presidency by Mr. Robert W. de Forest, of New York City. There are -few residents of that city so widely known for their philanthropic and -public spirit and work as Mr. de Forest. - -Mr. de Forest is a graduate of Yale, a lawyer by profession, having -received his LL. B. from Columbia, and having also studied at Bonn -University. In 1904 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by -Yale University. Since 1874 he has been counsel, and since 1902 -Vice-President, of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. For twenty years -he has been President of the Charity Organization of New York City; -he was a founder and first president of the Provident Loan Society, -the first philanthropic pawn-broker, the Chairman of the Tenement -House Commission of New York State in 1900, trustee and secretary of -the Metropolitan Art Museum, manager of the Presbyterian Hospital, a -trustee and director in various business institutions, was the first -Tenement House Commissioner of New York City, the President of the -National Conference of Charities and Correction in 1903, President of the -Municipal Art Commission of New York in 1905, and is Vice-President and -Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Sage Foundation. - -This brief statement of the important positions Mr. de Forest has -occupied, or does occupy, is strongly indicative of the character and -ability of the man, and the Red Cross is heartily to be congratulated not -only upon its President, but upon its second officer, the Vice-President -of the Society. - - - - -THE FOREST FIRE DISASTERS - -BY ERNEST P. BICKNELL - - -_All the country knows of the forest fires which caused loss of life and -property in Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York and other States, -in September and October, 1908. It has been estimated that the losses to -property amounted to $50,000,000, most of which lay in the destruction of -forests, of which thousands of square miles were swept by fire._ - -_In their progress the fires destroyed several towns and villages -and many farm houses. Chisholm, Minnesota, a town of probably 5,000 -population, seventy-five miles north of Duluth, was destroyed in an -hour. At 5:30 o’clock in the afternoon of September 6, a sudden shift of -wind deluged the place in a moment with an overwhelming rain of burning -leaves and embers. Almost every building in the town took fire at once. -The surprised and panic-stricken people could do nothing but seize a few -valuables and run for their lives. When the fire died out it was found -that only sixty-five structures of any kind remained standing, but that -not a life had been lost. Prompt relief measures were taken, with a state -commission in charge. A relief fund of about $130,000 was contributed. -Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell, National Director of the Red Cross, visited -Chisholm and inspected the progress and methods of relief October 13 to -16, and reported that the methods were good and that normal conditions -were being restored rapidly. Hundreds of men were employed in rebuilding -the town and houses were going up like magic. Eighty-seven cottages -have been built by the relief committee. Employment in the iron mines -surrounding the town was not interrupted by the fire. This fact greatly -simplified the work of relief, as the usual income of that part of the -population least able to endure loss, was preserved._ - -[Illustration: MICHIGAN FOREST FIRES—SOME OF THE HOMELESS.] - -_While in Duluth on October 16, the National Director of the Red -Cross learned of a disastrous forest fire, which had occurred in the -northern part of the southern peninsula of Michigan on the preceding -day. He hurried to the scene, reaching there on the 17th, and for two -weeks devoted his time to the work of relief in that State. Following -are extracts from the report of the National Director covering this -work:_—EDITOR. - -“The summer and fall had been excessively dry here, as elsewhere, and -there had been little wind. Farmers had been clearing up their lands, -burning logs and stumps and accumulated rubbish, as is their custom at -the end of the summer. In thousands of places fire was smouldering in log -heaps, and in the roots of stumps and in the peaty soil which, when dry, -will burn without flame and with little smoke until extinguished by rain. - -“Early in the afternoon of October 15, a strong wind from the southwest -sprang up and almost in a moment these smouldering fires burst into -flames. The effect was as though the entire country had taken fire at -once. The wind, whose velocity is estimated to have been fifty miles an -hour, carried a vast wave of flame which destroyed everything combustible -in its path. Several men whose homes were destroyed assured me, with -entire seriousness, that the air was on fire. The area damaged extends -approximately seventy-five miles along the northeastern shore of the -lower peninsula and reaches back inland from fifteen to twenty-five -miles. The center and worst of the fire covered an area perhaps -twenty-five miles long and ten miles wide. Within this smaller area were -the villages of Metz, Posen and Bolton, surrounded by an agricultural -country occupied by Polish and German families in moderate circumstances. -The Detroit and Mackinac Railroad passes through this district and each -of the villages named is upon the line of the road. - -“The village of Metz was completely destroyed, not a structure of any -character remaining. The village of Bolton was also completely destroyed -with the exception of a small church. Posen was saved by a desperate -fight. The open farming country offered little hindrance to the progress -of the fire, which in many instances leaped across treeless spaces of a -quarter of a mile or more, destroying all buildings and fences between. -The number of homes destroyed in an area ten miles square was 177. The -number of persons made homeless and temporarily destitute by the fire in -an area twenty-five miles long and ten miles wide was about 2,000. - -[Illustration: RUINS OF CHISHOLM.] - -[Illustration: ONE OF THE SHACKS CONSTRUCTED BY RELIEF COMMITTEE.] - -“When the people of Metz, early in the afternoon of October 15, realized -that the village was in danger, they telegraphed to the railroad company -for a relief train to carry the women and children to safety. At 2:30 -P. M. an engine arrived with a steel gondola car—a steel box with solid -walls about four feet high and without roof. The danger did not appear -immediate when the train arrived and the people delayed to gather up -their more valuable portable property and load it into the car. The -trainmen urged haste, but the people were determined, and hours passed. -At 5:30 P. M. the train started with about forty-five women and children -huddled in the open car. Four trainmen were on board and a farmer and -his wife, who were trying to reach home where their children had been -left earlier in the day. Two miles from Metz a line of box cars stood -on a siding close to the main track. On the opposite side of the track -was a huge pile of cross ties awaiting shipment. Both box cars and cross -ties were burning. The heat had warped the rails of the main track, but -the dense blanket of smoke prevented the engineer from seeing what had -happened. The train dashed into the furnace between the burning cars and -the burning cross ties and was wrecked. Seventeen of those on board were -burned to death. The fireman and brakeman and the farmer were among the -killed. The rest were women and children. Those who escaped clambered -over the sides of the car and crawled along the ground to an open place -where they lay on their faces several hours until the fire had subsided. -The wreck occurred within fifty feet of the home of the farmer. The -farmer’s wife escaped from the train and reached the burning house. She -rushed in, in search of her children, and her bones were found later -among the ashes. The three children, the oldest nine, had fled to a -neighbor’s house near by and were saved. Many who escaped from the train -were terribly burned. - -[Illustration: REFUGEES AT POSEN.] - -“The men of Metz, who remained to fight the fire, escaped without loss -of life. One of these men told me of his escape. He threw some small -valuables into a large wooden candy pail and started to run along the -road through the woods. Presently his hair began to burn and his face to -blister. He felt himself failing. He emptied the contents from the pail -and put it over his head. With this protection he managed to crawl along -the road to a field and escaped, with clothing on fire and many injuries. - -“After driving about the region a few hours, in order to gain an adequate -idea of the extent of the loss, I took a train for Detroit for the -purpose of conferring with officers of the State Branch of the Red Cross, -concerning relief measures. Some relief supplies were already arriving, -contributed by the people of the City of Alpena, twenty-five miles to the -east, and hurried in by the railroad company. I found Detroit awakened -to the situation. Mr. Emory W. Clark, treasurer of the State Branch, -and Mr. Ralph M. Dyar, secretary, had been in conference the morning of -my arrival. Mr. Clark took me to call upon the Mayor, who requested me -to attend a meeting of business men, which he had called to assemble in -his office at noon. The result of the meeting was the appointment of a -relief committee. Mr. Clark was made the Red Cross representative upon -this committee. The committee appointed Mr. J. D. Hawks, president of -the Detroit and Mackinac Railroad, its representative in the field and -requested me to return to the fire district with him to help organize and -direct the work of relief. It was arranged that we should start to Metz -that same evening. - -[Illustration: ONLY BUILDING LEFT IN BOLTON.] - -“In the afternoon, this being October 19, the Red Cross opened a large -downtown room for the reception of clothing intended for the fire -sufferers. Mrs. R. McD. Campau, an active and enthusiastic member of -the Red Cross, took charge of the supply depot and plenty of volunteers -joined her staff. The afternoon papers announced the arrangement -conspicuously and before night supplies began coming in. In a week so -much clothing had been received that the supply room was closed and the -public requested to send no more. - -“In the fire district three relief stations were opened at Metz, -Posen and Alpena. The Alpena relief committee, which was extremely -active and efficient, had charge of the relief station in that city. A -committee of women managed the clothing distribution, while the men’s -committee handled other supplies, including hay for live stock. At -Posen the railroad company gave the use of its freight house for relief -headquarters. At Metz the railroad company placed freight cars upon a -siding for relief supplies. The company also gave the services of a -number of its capable officers for the work of relief. For example: -President Hawks, of the railroad company, not only gave substantially all -of his own time, but detailed the General Superintendent of the road, -the Chief Engineer, the District Passenger and Freight Agent, and other -men of proved ability. The railroad company also facilitated in every -possible way the shipment of supplies of all kinds and put into service a -daily relief train which transferred supplies as required from one relief -station to another, carried the relief workers back and forth, etc. - -“As the climate of northern Michigan is severe, and winter was close at -hand, the providing of shelter was of immediate urgency. Mr. Waterman, -the chief engineer of the railroad, designed a ‘shack’ which could be -built quickly and cheaply and the work of housing the homeless, who -in the meantime were crowded with almost incredible congestion into -the homes of their more fortunate neighbors, began promptly and went -forward with the utmost speed. The ‘shack’ consisted of unplaned lumber, -long, upright boards forming the walls, rough boards forming the roof -and floor, and the entire exterior of the structure covered with tar -building paper. Each ‘shack’ was 14 by 16 feet and contained three small -rooms. About twenty carpenters were gathered up along the line of the -railroad and brought into the relief work. The plan of procedure was for -the farmer to receive the lumber, paper, windows, hardware, etc., for a -‘shack’ and haul it to his farm. Then one carpenter would be sent to the -place to direct operations and with the farmer and his neighbors helping, -the ‘shack’ would be quickly completed. If two or three ‘shacks’ were to -be in a group, one carpenter could supervise all at once. - -“On October 29, exactly two weeks after the fire, thirty-eight ‘shacks’ -were completed and occupied on the sites of burned homes and twenty-four -‘shacks’ going up. It was estimated that about 150 ‘shacks’ would have to -be provided by the relief committee and almost as many more for horses -and other domestic animals. These ‘shacks’ cost, complete, only $50 each. - -“On October 24, Governor Warner announced the appointment of a State -Relief Commission. It was composed of seven men, including Mr. Emory W. -Clark as a representative of the Red Cross. It also included Mr. J. D. -Hawks, president of the Detroit and Mackinac railroad. The Commission met -on October 26, and elected Mr. Frank Buel, a prominent lumberman of Bay -City, chairman, and Mr. B. M. Wynkoop, manager of the Bay City Times, -secretary. The State Commission requested me to meet with it on October -30, and visit the fire district. This I did, and after a day with the -members, became satisfied that they were men of affairs and that they -had accepted appointment on the Commission for no purpose other than a -sincere desire to serve the State. At this meeting it was decided to take -over the relief work and put it upon a permanent basis with men in charge -who would be paid for their services, but continuing substantially -the same methods of administration then in use. As superintendent, the -Commission employed Mr. F. E. Merrill, who had had a responsible position -in the relief work from the beginning, and who was given leave of absence -by the railroad company for the purpose. - -“From two sources should come help which will materially lighten the -burden of relief. - -“First, from insurance. The total insurance upon the property burned was -$149,000. Of this amount $95,000 was upon village property and $54,000 on -farm property. - -“Second, from the sale of lumber and from wages in lumbering operations. -The trees which were killed by the fire will produce good lumber if sawed -this winter, but if they remain longer they become almost valueless, -except for fuel. Thus in order to save their lumber, the farmers must -get their burned trees to the mill this winter. That will mean unusual -activity in the woods. Those who own timber will realize some income from -its sale and those who do not own timber will find employment with those -who do. - -[Illustration: HUT CONSTRUCTED OF BLANKETS—ONLY SHELTER OF TWO WOMEN.] - -“The total amount of relief funds collected in the various cities -could not be accurately ascertained up to the time of my departure -from Michigan, November 1, but was approximately $50,000, including -$5,000 given through the State Branch of the Red Cross. This, with the -contributions of provisions, clothing, lumber, etc., it is hoped will -be enough to carry the work through to completion. In the event that it -does not suffice to purchase seed grain for the farmers next spring, it -is believed a small additional fund may be obtained by an appeal to the -public, or perhaps through an appropriation by the State Legislature.” - - - - -REPORT OF FOREST FIRE RELIEF WORK - -BY R. M. DYAR - -Secretary, Michigan Red Cross Branch - - - November 11, 1908. - -Referring to the work done by the Michigan Branch of the American -National Red Cross towards raising funds and the handling of -contributions for the fire sufferers in northern Michigan, I beg to -report results accomplished as follows: - -Total amount of cash contributions received to date has been $4,432. -Regarding the handling of clothes, supplies, etc., I beg to give you -herewith a copy of the report presented by Mrs. R. McD. Campau, who had -charge of the receiving and forwarding of all supplies. - -“From October 19th to and including October 26th, a ‘Relief Station’ -was opened in the Owen Building, in a room donated for that purpose. -During that time many contributions of clothing, furniture and some money -were received. Many merchants contributed largely and also assisted -in collecting individual contributions, there being five hundred and -seventy requests by telephone to call for donations. It was impossible to -keep account of all these donations, as they came in in such quantities -and many had no names attached. Fifteen people worked every day during -the week from eight in the morning till five in the afternoon, opening -packages, sorting, packing, marking and shipping boxes. Each box was -marked with the contents. There being one hundred and sixteen in all, -a great deal of furniture and $210.75 sent from the Red Cross Relief -Station to the fire sufferers in northern Michigan.” - -I can report that a sufficient amount of clothing and other household -articles has been forwarded to the district to provide for the needs -of all the fire sufferers, and with the money raised by the Citizens’ -Committee of Detroit and other cities of the State, together with the -amount raised by the Michigan Branch of the Red Cross, sufficient food -and fodder for the cattle and horses can be provided to take care of all -requirements up to the middle of the winter. When the State Legislature -meets they will, no doubt, provide the extra funds that may be needed. - - - - -SOUTH CAROLINA FLOOD RELIEF - -BY A. C. KAUFMAN - -President of State Branch - - -About the end of last August, a flood more violent in its character than -any known to have visited these localities at any previous period, swept -down from the mountains of North Carolina, across the Piedmont section -of South Carolina, continuing with maddening rush along the Congaree, -Wateree and Pee Dee Rivers, overflowing vast tracts of fertile lands in -high cultivation. It laid waste completely these fruitful fields—garden -spots—smiling with luxuriant crops of cotton and corn, wrecking -comfortable homes of all their possessions—yes, their all indeed—the -property of a contented, happy and prosperous people. - -[Illustration: COLUMBIA BRIDGE AT TIME OF FLOOD.] - -[Illustration: CONGAREE RIVER—ISLAND SUBMERGED.] - -As soon as the extent of the disaster reached me, I immediately notified -the authorities at Washington and at once came a reply order, by -wire, to issue an appeal for help. This appeal was promptly issued as -directed, and contributions began to come in. With that noble spirit so -characteristic of the present management of the Red Cross, recognizing -the fact that instant assistance was needed, a message flashed by wire -from Washington, to draw upon the National body for three hundred -dollars, reached us, at the right time, and was used with marked effect. -Following this quickly came a check from Honorable William H. Taft for -one hundred dollars, forwarded to him from a prominent lady in New York, -to be devoted to this purpose. On September 11th another Red Cross check -for three hundred dollars was sent, and on October 17th still another -for one hundred dollars. These added to a check for fifty dollars from -Honorable Robert C. Ogden, of New York, made eight hundred and fifty -dollars contributed from sources outside the State. Within the State -$675.41 are credited, and of this $260.00 were the gift of our colored -fellow-citizens. The total amount, therefore, which our Treasurer, John -B. Reeves, has had in bank for this fund, as shown by his books, is -$1,525.41, reduced by payments to different committees to $1,067.41. -Credit must also be given to those who have sent in large donations of -wearing apparel, bed clothing, etc. These have been carefully packed -by active lady friends and shipped by Mr. W. E. Renneker, agent of the -Atlantic Coast Line, free of cost for distribution among the most needy -sufferers. - -Another act of your body which has won our encomium was to furnish, -at our request, an expert to visit the devastated sections and report -thereon. The lot most fortunately fell on Miss Janet E. Kemp, a lady of -culture, refinement and business experience. Her report will best tell -you of the pathetic scenes and incidents that she encountered on her -journey of investigation. Her visit partook of the nature of an angel of -mercy, and I was blessed in having such an assistant in the time of peril. - -The following graphic sketch taken from _The News and Courier_, -of Charleston, and _The State_, of Columbia, two leading and most -influential newspapers, giving an account of the conditions in the -Congaree and Wateree districts, may prove interesting to your readers: - - -THE CONGAREE AND WATEREE SECTION. - -“After spending Sunday and Monday,” says _The News and Courier_, in its -issue of September 23rd, “in Columbia, whither he had gone to institute, -as closely as possible, an investigation into the condition of the -flood sufferers, together with making provision to supply their present -necessities, as well as to plan for their relief during the winter -months, Mr. A. C. Kaufman, President of the South Carolina Branch, Red -Cross, returned to Charleston yesterday. ‘I had an opportunity,’ he -said to a reporter last night, ‘during my visit to consult with white -and colored men from the afflicted section of the Congaree and Wateree -Valley, both as to the extent of their losses and the extremity of their -condition. Theirs was, indeed, a harrowing story, enough to make the -heart bleed. Some of the sufferers are unable from childhood, age or -infirmity to labor in any shape or manner. The only kind of work most of -those, able to do anything, can do is to pick cotton in the fields. In -remuneration for this labor they receive 50 cents a hundred pounds for -the cotton which they gather. This will enable them to eke out existence -until the middle of November, and then will gaunt poverty haunt them, -labor of all kinds, to which they are adapted, being then at an end. Then -will come to them starvation and death unless the humane people of South -Carolina place in the hands of the Red Cross, working in co-operation -with the local committee of Richland County, the means to save their -lives. - -“‘A committee composed of three citizens of Columbia of the highest -character in connection with sub-committees, to be selected by them, have -agreed to handle the matter. - -“‘The following article from _The State_, of Columbia, will give a fuller -idea of the business-like manner in which the Red Cross and the committee -propose to handle the situation:’” - -_The State_, of Tuesday, says: - -Col. A. C. Kaufman, of Charleston, the representative of the Red Cross -Society in this section, came to Columbia Saturday night and spent Sunday -and yesterday in the city, going over the ground in connection with the -Richland flood sufferers. - -As a direct result of this visit, a central committee has been formed -in Columbia, its members taking part upon the special request and -designation of Colonel Kaufman. This committee contains but three -members—Captain William E. Gonzales, Editor of _The State_, Chairman; -Mr. W. A. Clark, President of the Carolina National Bank, Treasurer, and -Mayor William S. Reamer, of Columbia. - -The duties of this committee will be to designate sub-committees -throughout the entire flooded district in Richland to secure an accurate -census of those persons who need assistance, to estimate the cost of -relieving distress until another crop can be procured and to receive and -disburse funds. - -Mr. Gonzales requests that all moneys be sent to Treasurer W. A. Clark, -and it is necessary for the business-like and just distribution of relief -that those who have undertaken to extend relief in this section shall -work with the central committee, and there shall be an accounting of all -funds to the central committee. - -As matters now stand it is not likely that much relief will be needed -from this committee for the next two months. During that time the people -affected, or most of them, will be able to earn a living by picking -cotton on the highlands, but from about the middle of November until -the next oat crop (in May, 1909) can be harvested, scores and scores -of families will be absolutely dependent upon assistance, and it is -to prepare for that time of need that the central committee and the -sub-committees to be appointed will now work. Of course, every effort -will be made to get these people to help themselves. There will be -absolutely no encouragement to idleness or pauperism, but there is no use -attempting to conceal the fact that later on in the winter there will be -a real problem to solve in caring for the destitute. - -Columbia and South Carolina, it is hoped, will be able to care for -these needy people. What they fail to do the Red Cross will be asked to -supplement. The central committee represents Columbia and will also act -as agent for the Red Cross. - -This visit was made on September 20, 21 and 22. - - -THE PEE DEE SECTION. - -The account of the conditions in the Pee Dee sections is equally -important: - -On October 20th last I visited the City of Marion from which radiates the -principal business of the Pee Dee section. On my arrival I was met at -the depot by Mayor Miles, Associate Justice Woods, of the Supreme Court -of South Carolina; Congressman Ellerbee, and many other citizens of -prominence and distinction in South Carolina, and beyond her borders—an -evidence of their keen anxiety to put themselves in position to provide -relief for their unfortunate and crushed neighbors. Two meetings were -held that day—one in the morning, the other in the afternoon. The matter -was carefully discussed and weighed in every particular. Mayor Miles -presided at each meeting. - -Hon. W. J. Montgomery, President of the Bank of Marion and Senator from -Marion County, spoke as follows: - -“We are not so much concerned about the present, although there are some -serious cases we are forced to handle now. The problem most difficult -to solve, and which creates intense anxiety, is how these hundreds of -dependents, unable to find employment to which they can adapt themselves, -are to be fed during the coming winter. This can only be done with the -kind permission of the Red Cross, to draw upon our share of the fund, -which that worthy organization is endeavoring to swell through its urgent -appeals to the people of the whole State for money donations, added to -that furnished by local contributors. - -“Another point,” said Mr. Montgomery, “which I wish to make plain: The -idea has gone abroad that the beneficiaries to this fund are only colored -people. This is a grave error. Many deserving white people, some of whom -were in comparatively easy circumstances previous to the flood, have -now become miserably reduced through this visitation of God. Help is -solicited for them because help is sorely needed. They ask bread; can we -give them a stone? We propose to care for the sufferers of both races.” - -Mayor Miles also took a dismal view of the future unless help came. To -the Red Cross they look for it. - -Mr. Davis, a large planter, spoke in a manly, yet pathetic vein. He -stated that his losses had been immense, but that to the best of -his ability he had been feeding from his scanty store his helpless, -distressed, starving neighbors, white and colored, in their fearful -poverty and want. He was willing, and intended to go as far as his -circumstances permitted, aye, to make sacrifices in this humanitarian -work. That is the spirit which pervades the neighborhood. - -The Citizens’ Relief Committee, composed of their first citizens, has -the Honorable S. C. Miles, Mayor of Marion, as Chairman, and Mr. Albert -G. Woods, as Treasurer. In conclusion, the emergency may be thus summed -up: Our prospects are very discouraging. Money is superlatively required. -It must be had if human lives are to be saved. The final analysis of the -case reads thus: Food or starvation, life or death. Only with money can -the evil be averted. It would be unreasonable to expect more from the Red -Cross fund. Their provision has been bountiful. Our treasury, however, -needs replenishment. After help already rendered, there remains in our -treasury about $1,000. By January this amount will be materially reduced, -as the committees require aid without delay, and must have it. This small -sum is all we can count on to keep the wolf of hunger from the doors of -one thousand human beings for six months, during the winter, the most -trying season of the year. It does not take a skilled mathematician to -tell how far this will go. How long will this last? Echo answers “how -long?” Disasters of wider extent and affecting more people are on record. -Yet without an attempt at exaggeration, I affirm that never has any been -more severe. - - - - -REPORT OF INVESTIGATION IN FLOODED DISTRICTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA - -BY JANET E. KEMP - -Special Red Cross Representative - - -The itinerary, as outlined by Mr. Kaufman, was to include Columbia, -Florence and Marion; each of these cities being the center of districts -which were reported to have suffered severely during the recent disaster. - - -COLUMBIA. - -Arriving in Columbia late Monday night, I was met by Mr. Baker, a -representative of _The State_, which is Columbia’s leading daily paper. -The city is situated in the Congaree Valley, at the junction of Saluda -and Broad rivers. - -[Illustration: BROAD RIVER BRIDGE—TWO MILES ABOVE COLUMBIA.] - -Columbia itself escaped with comparatively little injury; the city -extending at an elevation considerably above the flood level. - -The power house of the street railway company and the city water works -situated near the river sustained considerable damage. The cotton -factories also located on low ground were obliged to suspend work for a -few days; the loss in wages said to be about $4,000.00. - -Early next morning I had an interview with Captain William E. Gonzales, -editor of _The State_. Captain Gonzales estimated that there were about -two hundred destitute families in the flooded section between Columbia -and Kingsville. From information received later, I should think this is -probably an under-estimate. - -The fertile “swamp” lands on each side of the river belong to a chain of -“plantations” extending from Columbia to Kingsville. On some of these the -owner lives, surrounded by his tenantry; others belong to non-resident -owners. Corn and cotton are the staple crops. - -The destitution of which Captain Gonzales spoke exists mainly on those -plantations owned by non-residents who have no personal interest in -their tenantry; and among the negroes who are working their own land. -The flood sufferers living on land occupied by resident owners will not, -as a rule, need any outside aid, as their landlords, though themselves -very heavy losers, will provide for their pressing needs. The gravity of -the situation, even for those who are actually destitute, is mitigated -at present by the fact that for the next two months work will be -comparatively plentiful, in harvesting crops in sections untouched by the -calamity, and in repairing the damages occasioned by the flood. - -Mr. C. B. Simmons, agent for a large plantation of 3,000 acres, drove -me out to see the conditions on his place, which are typical of those -on other places owned by non-residents. Mr. Simmons estimated that the -damage done to the crops would be about $12,000. There are 40 tenants on -the place, six of whom are white families. The crops are in many cases -practically a total loss; the whole year’s work has been swept away. -The only thing that will be realized will be a hay crop, which, under -favorable conditions, may be harvested before frost. Some of the men had -tried to get work in the phosphate mills near by, but without success. -The entire body of tenants gathered together by appointment to meet -Mr. Simmons, and each in turn gave detailed account of the loss he had -sustained. - -Mr. Simmons said that the most direct and practical way to help these -people would be to provide them with seed-oats, which could be planted in -October, and would yield a crop early next June. About 700 bushels would -be needed for the 40 tenants on the place. - -On Wednesday morning, September 9th, I went to Lykesland by train, a -distance of about nine miles from Columbia. Here I was met by Mr. William -Lykes, who drove me out to see the conditions in a little colony of negro -swamp farmers. - -There was not much room for possible exaggeration in the stories we heard -here; the white line of mud in the branches of the trees, often 12 or 15 -feet from the ground, indicated the height of the flood. Fallen chimneys -and wrecked buildings showed the violence of the current. The cotton was -ruined, fit only to be plowed under to fertilize next year’s crop. The -corn was rotting on its stalks. The poor little, unpainted, windowless -frame houses were unspeakably desolate; the walls marked to the very -eaves with white mud left by the receding waters, and everything within -the homes—bedding, clothes, furniture—wrecked and ruined, and saturated -with mud. Nearly all the live stock had perished. They showed us the -stockade on a small knoll, a little higher than the surrounding country, -into which they had driven all their animals. Here they had managed to -save most of their mules, but even at this elevation nearly all the -cattle had been drowned. - -The largest land-holder in the colony, a very intelligent negro, with a -reputation for honesty and industry, had lost 16 acres of corn and 16 of -cotton, 6 head of cattle and 10 hogs. - -A week before, when Mr. Lykes first visited the colony after the flood, -he found the people literally starving. At one house the hungry children -were trying to eat the rotten corn. He at once secured $50.00, through -Captain Gonzales, from the South Carolina branch of the Red Cross, with -which he purchased provisions and supplies to meet the immediate need. - -The flood sufferers, who had at first seemed dazed by the calamity, were -now making efforts to rehabilitate themselves. Some were rebuilding their -chimneys and outbuildings; others had secured work; one man had gone to -work on a plantation five miles away, walking that distance twice daily; -the women and children had also begun to pick cotton on neighboring -plantations. The conditions on this little colony illustrated the -situation of the small land holder, who has no resources except the crop, -which he had hoped to harvest as the result of his year’s labor. - -The flood also had seriously crippled the larger landowners, who could -ordinarily be looked to for the relief of their poorer neighbors. From -Mr. B. S. Rawls, who has a “general store” on the bluff road that -parallels the river between Columbia and Kingsville, we learned, that he -had lost 235 acres of his own crops, and would get practically no rent -from the 2,000 acres he had rented out. Worse than this he expected to be -“out” from $1,200 to $1,500 for supplies advanced to his tenants. - - -FLORENCE, S. C. - -The next point visited was Florence, Florence County, 81 miles from -Columbia. Reports of heavy flood losses had come in from the Lynches -River section. A Relief Committee had been formed by the Honorable -Hartwell Ayer, editor of the Florence _Daily Times_ and a small sum of -money raised. - -After conferring with the committee, I concluded that it would be -desirable for me to make some investigation of conditions for myself, and -went down to Cowards, which is located in the flooded district, 16 miles -from Florence. Here, at the recommendation of the committee, I called -upon Mr. Z. C. Lynch, who keeps a large general store and supplies the -needs of over 200 farmers in that vicinity. - -Immediately after the flood Mr. Lynch had spent three days in riding -around through the section that had been flooded, noting carefully the -conditions of the crops, and talking with the farmers. He gave me a -positive assurance that he had not met a single case of destitution, and -that, as a rule, the loss in that section would not average more than -10% to 25% of the crop. After this frank statement from a man who is in -a far better position to get the exact truth than I could possibly be, I -decided to make no further investigation, but to await the report of Dr. -Hicks. - -After spending two days in the flooded district, under circumstances -which enabled him to come into touch with representatives from every -point, Dr. Hicks returned with exactly the same report as that given by -Mr. Lynch. He said that while the losses had been heavy, and many people -were considerably crippled, there was no destitution and there was not -likely to be any that could not easily be met by local resources. - - -MARION, S. C. - -Proceeding to Marion on Friday night, with the expectation of being able -to complete the investigation in another 24 hours, I found a situation -which made it imperative that I should spend two or three days in that -section. - -A very active and interested Relief Committee, with Mayor S. T. Miles -as chairman, was fully alive to the needs of the situation, and had -succeeded in raising a fund of over $500.00, in addition to what had -been sent by the Red Cross. I learned from this committee that the -four townships of Marion County had been practically submerged. These -townships form a tongue of land lying between Big Peedee and Little -Peedee Rivers. During the flood the water of Big Peedee had risen and -flowed clear over the intervening strip of land until they met the water -of Little Peedee. A sandy ridge extending North and South through the -interior ordinarily forms the water shed between the two rivers, and, at -many points, the water had covered even this comparatively high land. - -Arrangements were at once made for me to proceed to Eulonia, the home -of Mr. S. U. Davis, who was said to be more thoroughly familiar with -conditions in the flooded section than any one else. - -After dinner Mr. Davis drove me through several miles of flooded country. -It was a matter of regret with him that I had not come a week earlier -when—nearly two weeks after the flood—the whole country was still under -water, and boats were the only available means of transit from point to -point. At that time most of the homes were vacant, and the occupants, -with their cattle and household effects, were camping out wherever they -were lucky enough to find a spot that was “high and dry.” - -[Illustration: PEE DEE RIVER FLOOD.] - -In a little two-room shanty, near Mr. Davis’ place, thirty-four people -found shelter at one time during the high water. One resourceful farmer, -when forced to move out of his home, which, though partially submerged, -was still the dryest spot on the farm, provided for his live stock by -tethering the cow to the cook-stove in the kitchen, and quartering his -five hogs on the bed. In another instance a couple, who were determined -to stay in their homes at all risks, themselves “camped out” on the bed, -and at meal times paddled over to the cook-stove on a hastily-constructed -raft. - -That people who had suffered as these people had could still be -brave-hearted enough to dwell upon the humorous side of their tragedy, -shows that it is hard to drown out American “grit,” and the American -sense of humor. But the tragic side was ever present and needed no -emphasis. One woman, of whom Mr. Davis spoke, a widow with three small -children, had lost her entire crop. At the time of the flood she was -desperately ill, and, when rescued in a boat with the children, it was -feared that she would die as a result of the exposure. She was now, -however, recovering, but some provision would have to be made for her -until another crop could be raised. Throughout all this section there had -been comparatively little loss of household goods and effects, because -most of the people were warned in time to enable them to remove their -belongings to a place of safety. - -We drove through acre after acre of rotten corn, and of cotton fit -only to be plowed under to fertilize the ground for next year’s crop. -Fences had been ruined and bridges swept away, and several times it was -necessary to make a wide detour, in order to find a safe crossing place. - -One man with whom we talked, who, with his family, had just moved back -into their still damp house, said that he had nothing left, but a little -corn, a few chufas and a patch of cane. Every farm we visited in that -section was practically in the same condition. - -The next day, Sunday, we started again at 10 A. M. over a road that -led down the sandy ridge that, for the most part, had not been covered -by the waters, though even here the lower points had been submerged. -Then turning eastward through the section marked on the map as the Low -Flat Lands, we left the beaten track and, for a long time, traveled -through alternating areas of partially submerged woodland, and sodden -savannahs—the South Carolinian term for meadow land. It was not easy to -follow the trail across the savannahs, and the drive through the woods -was even more difficult. As we lurched along through the water we never -knew at what moment the buggy might strike some submerged log or stump. - -We took dinner at the home of Mr. Fontaine Davis, a planter and merchant -at the lower end of Britton’s Neck Township, who kindly volunteered to -take me on down into Woodberry Township, as far as we could go, while Mr. -S. U. Davis rested his horse ready for the return journey. - -The country we drove through at the upper end of Woodberry Township had -suffered severely from the floods, and the crops were an almost total -loss. We went as far as the road was open until we struck a point, beyond -which all the bridges had been washed away. Woodberry Township forms a -peninsula between the two rivers already spoken of. Fortunately it is -very thinly settled, and most of the farmers have their homes on the -comparatively high land in the center of the township. Mr. Fontaine Davis -said that he had only heard of five families in the section below that -which we visited who had suffered to any serious extent. - -We talked with an old man, who for 43 years had lived on his farm in -the upper part of Woodberry Township. “I ain’t never saw anything like -it before,” he said, “and I don’t know how to figure it out. The waters -was five feet higher than they was in the Sherman ‘fresh’ of ’65.” He -said that within a radius of three or four miles there were eight or ten -white families, and ten or twelve colored families: all of whom had lost -practically their entire crop. He, himself, had lost all of his corn, -most of cotton, and nearly all of his live stock. - -Mr. Richardson, whom we next interviewed, a man who owned 80 acres of -land, 27 in corn, 35 in cotton, the rest in pasture, garden, etc., had -lost everything. The cotton had been an exceptionally good crop, and -would have made a bale to the acre at the market price of about $40.00 -a bale; this alone meant a money loss of $1,400.00. The corn upon which -he depended for food for his family and stock was also gone, and, as he -put it, “I don’t know what we are going to do for something to eat this -winter.” - -The next house we passed was a deserted little negro cabin whose wrecked -chimney bore witness of the violence of the flood. This had been the home -of an honest, hard-working colored man, who, with his family of five -children, lived on the little rented patch of about 20 acres. His nine -acres of corn would have fed his family and his animals. His seven acres -of cotton would have yielded about three bales, which would have given -him $120.00 as the cash proceeds of his year’s labor. With this he would -have paid off his store bill of $50.00; $20.00 would have gone for rent, -and after making a payment upon the horse he had just purchased, the -husbandman would have had a small cash balance to see him through to next -crop time. Now corn and cotton are both swept away; there is no money to -settle the store bill, nor pay for the horse, and there is no food for -the family to subsist on through the long winter months. - -As nearly as could be estimated by those familiar with the local -conditions, there were fully 200 families in the lower end of Marion -County, renters and “lienors,” whose situation is about as hopeless as -that of the family just referred to. Many, who like Mr. Richardson, -owned more or less land, are in a position to obtain advances on their -holdings, and though seriously crippled, can probably weather the storm. -But for these other families, who are without such resources, some -adequate relief measures will have to be undertaken. - -The attitude towards customers and tenants assumed by the merchants and -plantation owners bears high testimony to their generosity and public -spirit. It is taken for granted that no claim for rent will be made and, -as far as possible, credit will still be extended to the flood sufferers. -But it is too much to expect that these men can assume the whole of the -burden, for they have themselves suffered severely. Mr. Davis estimated -that in an area of several miles there was only one of the flood victims -who was not indebted to him for a larger or smaller amount. Some of these -debts would eventually be paid; many of them would never be recovered. -He said he had begun to figure out his losses, but they mounted up so -appallingly that he had stopped short before he was half way through. I -was told that he had advanced over $18,000.00 worth of fertilizer to the -farmers trading at one of his four stores. If this was true, it gives -some idea of the magnitude of his losses, and shows the impossibility of -expecting men, under such circumstances, to do all they would normally be -able to do for their poorer neighbors. - - -RELIEF MEASURES, COLUMBIA, S. C. - -At the time of my visit to Columbia _The State_, in a paragraph -announcing that the agent of the Red Cross was in the city, stated that -Columbia would consider herself disgraced if she could not do all that -was needed for local flood sufferers, without further aid from the Red -Cross Association. - -At the last census Columbia had over 21,000 inhabitants; its population -now numbers some 25,000 people. It is the State capital, and has -some thriving cotton mills. Taking Captain Gonzales’ estimate of 100 -destitute families as being approximately correct, it would seem that -with employment easily obtainable in the fall and spring, it ought to be -possible for the people of Columbia and Richland County to undertake such -local relief measures as would make further outside aid unnecessary. The -dangers of creating a large relief fund, and extensively advertising its -existence, are very obvious, especially as most of the people affected -are negroes who would very readily accept a position of dependence. - -Captain Gonzales told me that the securing of regular monthly -subscriptions towards the relief of cases of genuine need had been -suggested. This plan seems to be an admirable one, and would be less apt -to result in weakening any attempt at self help that might be made by the -flood sufferers. If properly and systematically managed, it would also -probably be adequate to meet the requirements of the case. - - -FLORENCE. - -From the foregoing report of conditions in this section it will be -readily seen that no outside help is necessary at this point. - - -MARION AND MARION COUNTY. - -The activity and interest displayed by the local Relief Committee -at Marion have already been noted. Probably one reason why they had -accomplished so much more than had been done at the other points was that -the situation in Marion County was apparently much more serious than in -either of the other places. - -Immediately following the disaster wagon loads of supplies had been -promptly dispatched to the districts affected. The men to whom the -distribution of these supplies was entrusted told me that they hoped -nothing more would be sent at present. Indeed, Mr. S. U. Davis had asked -that a contribution of $200 that had been offered be placed in bank and -held for later distribution. He and Mr. F. Davis know personally every -family in that section and both urged that no more relief be sent at -present. Mr. F. Davis said that as long as the supplies lasted that -were sent to his store, the negroes collected around and refused to do -any work. When work was offered they said, “We all don’t have to pick -no cotton, do white folks am gwine to feed us.” He also told of a white -man who had $700 in bank but who, nevertheless, had sent his brother to -see if Mr. Davis did not have “something for him.” In this connection it -may be noticed that however poverty-stricken a colored family might be -nothing would induce any of the girls of the family to accept positions -as house-workers. Both Mr. S. U. Davis and Mr. F. Davis urged that -hereafter relief be sent direct to individual cases of distress, upon -their recommendation, after thorough investigation had proved that help -was necessary. - -It might be thought that possibly these statements were colored by the -anti-negro bias with which the Southerner is usually credited, but though -fully alive to the weaknesses of the negro, everyone with whom I talked -manifested genuine sympathy with all cases of real distress, whether the -sufferers were white or colored. Everyone with whom I spoke agreed that -during October and November, while work was plentiful, all relief should -be withheld, except in the special cases alluded to above. After this -will come the winter months when work is scarce and there are few sources -of income except a little fur trapping, or odd jobs. Mr. Davis had -already written to a lumber company which has extensive timber holdings -throughout the lower part of the county suggesting that if they could -see their way clear to commence operations in that section at once the -opportunities for employment that this would offer would be a veritable -Godsend to the community. But, however favorable conditions may shape -themselves and however generous may be the local responses to the need -for help, it still would seem to be a certainty that outside assistance -will be needed for this section. The destruction has been so great—the -committee estimated that from 1,500 to 2,000 bales of cotton had been -destroyed within the flooded area—and the loss has fallen so heavily on -rich and poor alike, that it does not seem possible that the community -can grapple with the problem unaided. - -All relief work has been done, so far, through local committees who are -thoroughly familiar with every detail of the circumstances of those -who need help and if this policy be maintained there is very little -possibility that any funds will be unwisely applied. - -In conclusion, I should like to say a deeply appreciative word concerning -the kindness and courtesy of the Relief Committees in the three cities. -Though, during the investigation, I traveled over many miles of country, -in no case was it necessary to use Red Cross money in hiring livery -rigs, as all this was arranged for by the committees and individuals -interested. I would make special mention of the kindness of the committee -at Marion, who entertained me while I was in their city, and of the -courtesy of Mr. S. U. Davis, at whose home I was entertained and who -spent a day and a half in showing me the situation in Marion County, -placing at my disposal his invaluable and intimate knowledge of local -conditions. I also take great pleasure in expressing appreciation of -the active and energetic co-operation of the State President, Mr. A. C. -Kaufman, who arranged my itinerary and who, by letters of introduction, -paved the way for me in every city visited. - -[Illustration: PEE DEE RIVER FLOOD.] - - - - -A SHORT SKETCH OF THE RUSSIAN RED CROSS - -BY MR. J. DE THAL. - - -The first initiative to give private aid to the wounded on the -battlefield was taken in Russia in 1854, during the Crimean War, when -Grand Duchess Helen Pavlovina (a sister of Emperor Nicholas I) formed -a party of trained nurses, who, under the leadership of the afterwards -celebrated surgeon, Pirogoff, went to the war and cared for the wounded. - -In 1867 was formed a Society for the care of the wounded and sick -warriors, which changed its name in 1876 and was then called the Russian -Red Cross Society. From its very start the Society was taken under the -august protectorate of the Empress Maria Alexandrovina, wife of Emperor -Alexander II, and many persons of the imperial family and prominent -statesmen became its members. - -At the very first, lack of funds prevented the Society from the activity -along the broad lines which it desired. Not being able at the start to -found its own communities of nurses, with its own hospitals and surgical -clinics, the Society for a number of years had to place its nurses, for -the purpose of training, in the military, civil and municipal hospitals. -Only after the Turkish War in 1876-77, in which the immense utility of -the Society’s activity was proved, was its popularity assured. Thus the -number of communities of Red Cross nurses from 5 in 1878 rose to 99 in -1906. The total number of hospitals and clinics of the Red Cross at -present amount to 148. In 1906 the number of persons cared for in these -institutions was 1,294,547. - -[Illustration: RUSSIAN RED CROSS DEPOT OF SUPPLIES.] - -[Illustration: RED CROSS STATION.] - -In 1868 the Russian Red Cross had 35 institutions of all kinds and in -1906, 920. - -On the first of January, 1907, the Red Cross Society of Russia consisted -of the following institutions: 1 Chief Board of Administration; 8 Boards -of District Administration; 95 local Boards of Administration; 509 local -Red Cross Committees; 40 Committees of communities of Red Cross nurses; -60 communities of Red Cross nurses; 90 ambulatory clinics; 6 emergency -hospitals; 5 asylums for former Red Cross nurses; 1 asylum for invalids; -9 asylums for crippled soldiers; 1 asylum for soldiers’ widows; 3 asylums -and 3 sanitariums for children of disabled soldiers; 7 convalescent -houses; 1 maternity hospital. - -[Illustration: RED CROSS HOSPITAL SHIP.] - -Any person entering into a community as nurse is not obliged to take -any kind of oath, but gives only the promise to submit to a vigorous -discipline, to acquit him or herself conscientiously of all duties and -to nurse the sick carefully. The feminine personnel is divided into two -categories—sisters of charity and nurses for surgery. - -The surgical nurses have to pass a three years’ course, the sister -of charity a one-and-a-half year’s course of studies, according to a -program established by the Chief Board of Administration. The courses -to be followed are theoretical and practical, which consist chiefly of -lectures at the sick bed, held mainly in the hospitals of the Red Cross, -and partially in military, municipal and private hospitals, according -to arrangements between these hospitals and the Red Cross. Having -finished the courses, the surgical nurses enter either the institutions -of the Red Cross or hospital institutions maintained by the government -or municipalities. The sisters of charity are delegated to the military -hospitals, which the Red Cross has undertaken to supply with nurses, to -other hospitals and to private nursery. In 1906 there were 3,819 of these -Red Cross sisters, and since 1875 there have been graduated 2,000 of the -higher class of trained surgical nurses. - -The care for disabled soldiers after the war includes the furnishing of -means for cures at health resorts, as well as furnishing them with warm -clothes, artificial limbs, crutches, etc., or provides for their care in -asylums of the Society. - -The asylums for invalids in 1906 received 737. Among other sums granted, -the Society paid in 1906, 10,940 roubles to the former defenders of -Sabastopol, during the Crimean War in 1854. - -[Illustration: RED CROSS HOSPITAL TRAIN.] - -In St. Petersburg the Society possesses six stations for help in -emergency cases, with twelve ambulances and sixteen attendants. - -The Russian Red Cross Society has taken part in all wars and military -expeditions which have occurred since 1868. - -During the Franco-Prussian war, the Russian Red Cross sent to Basel a -party of 30 surgeons and large quantities of supplies which were equally -distributed to the belligerents. - -It sent a generous contribution to both parties during the Civil War in -Spain in 1873. In 1876 surgeons and nurses were sent for assistance in -the Turkish-Martemgian War, expending $42,000. During the Turkish-Servian -War it expended over $263,000 and sent 115 doctors, 4 pharmacists, 118 -nurses, 41 medical students, 78 assistant surgeons, besides hospital -equipment for 200 beds. - -At the time of the Russo-Turkish War in 1876, the Russian Red Cross -rendered wonderful service. Contributions flowed into its treasury, over -$8,000,000 was received and expended, and the gifts of supplies were -equally great. - -During the war the Society transported on its ships and trains over -100,000 sick and wounded; 230,000 were cared for at the ports of -evacuation, and 18,000 severely wounded at the port. The Red Cross -institutions in Russia cared for 116,268 sick and wounded. In the -troubles of 1879-81 in Asia, the Red Cross expended $300,000. In 1885 in -helping the sick and wounded of both Servia and Bulgaria, expended about -$87,000. It assisted Japan in the Chinese-Japanese War of 1894. - -[Illustration: INTERIOR OF HOSPITAL TRAIN.] - -In 1896, as the Italian Red Cross declined assistance, it expended -$75,000 for Abyssinia relief, and in 1899, as the United States -Government declined its offer of assistance, it gave aid to the Spanish -Red Gross for the veterans of the war. As England declined assistance, -it expended some $56,000 for the Boers in 1899. During the Boxer trouble -in China the Red Cross provided most valuable assistance at a cost of -over $600,000. Its greatest work was rendered during the late terrible -war with Japan, during which it expended over $15,000,000 in relief work, -providing hospital trains, ships, field and reserve hospitals, a large -medical nursery and administration personnel. - - - - -THE CHRISTMAS STAMP - - -[Illustration] - -Late as the January BULLETIN is in going to press, it is not possible -to tell of the result of the Christmas Stamp sale. This must wait for -the April issue, but that the result promises to be remarkable is shown -by the fact that the wholesale orders received up to December 15th at -Red Cross Headquarters from the State Branches and Anti-Tuberculosis -Associations authorized by the Red Cross to sell these stamps aggregated -twenty-five millions and it has proved most difficult to have the stamps -printed rapidly enough to fill these orders. It was not possible when the -orders were pouring in at over a million a day to reply as rapidly as was -desired. Neither Red Cross Headquarters nor State Branches anticipated -any such remarkable demand. For the season of 1909 a new stamp will be -issued, for the design of which a prize will be offered. Regulations -governing the competition for this prize will be formulated and issued -later. - -The Red Cross has received through the courtesy of Mr. Einar Holboll, -Postmaster of Centofte, Denmark, a copy of this year’s Danish Christmas -stamp. The coloring is dark blue with a yellow light shining through the -corridors of the Sanitarium for Tuberculosis Children, built by means of -the Danish Christmas stamps. - -[Illustration: DANISH CHRISTMAS STAMP FOR 1908] - - -What Agnes Repplier Has to Say of the Red Cross Christmas Stamps - -What does the Red Cross Christmas Stamp mean? - -It means that you are asked to spend one cent more on every Christmas -present that you send. - -It means that this tiny fraction of money, multiplied by thousands, will -yield a noble sum for the maintenance of a great work—open-air Day Camps -for the cure of Tuberculosis. - -It means that by using the stamp, you express confidence in the work of -the Red Cross. - -It means that you extend the circle of your friendship until it embraces -the friendless, and that your good-will reaches beyond the few whom you -love to the many whom you are bidden to love. - -It means that the spirit of Christmas stirs in the heart of Christendom, -and that you respond to this spirit by linking your Christmas gifts with -the cause of the poor and the ill, with the work of wisdom and of mercy. - - -THE RED CROSS CHRISTMAS STAMP - -BY E. S. MARTIN. - - Buy me every chance you get! - Do you good? Just try me! - Lick me light and stick me tight! - Buy me! Buy me! Buy me! - All good luck and Christmas cheer, - All good will I carry, - I’m your friend and—never fear— - Truly sanitary. - - I’m the Red Cross Christmas Stamp, - This that I propose is - To summon wealth to fight for health - And beat tuberculosis. - Beat the greatest plague of all, - Oust a pall of sadness, - Treat despair with food and air, - And lift it into gladness. - - Buy me! Buy me! I’m your friend. - Help me win my battle! - Help me bring a scourge to end, - Men are more than cattle! - Help me help the suffering! - I’m their supplication - Skill that’s brotherly shall bring - Healing to the nation. - - -THE RED CROSS STAMP - -BY IRVING SAYFORD. - - Who’ll pay a cent with a square intent? - Red for their blood—and life is sweet; - White for the gleam of their winding sheet; - Green for their graves—and death, be fleet! - Who’ll pay a cent for a chance to cheat - The great white plague of its winding sheet? - - One stamp for a penny—you’ll take how many? - Red’s for the glow of the Christmas cheer; - White’s for the peace of the brand-new year; - Green’s for the brow, not for the bier; - Who’ll drop a penny instead of a tear - To lessen the list in the brand-new year? - - -THE LITTLE CHRISTMAS STAMP - -BY ARTHUR G. BURGOYNE. - -(_Air: “Wearing of the Green.”_) - - Nowadays for letter-writing - Here’s the popular receipt: - First with chit-chat that’s inviting - Coyer deftly ev’ry sheet. - Seal it neatly and address it; - Blot the superscription damp. - Then don’t mail the note unless it - Has a little Christmas Stamp. - - _Refrain_: - - Oh, the little Christmas Stamp! - Oh, the cheery Christmas Stamp, - With its message to the fireside and the workshop and the camp! - Trav’ling over vale and mountain, over lake and plain and swamp, - As a messenger of mercy goes the little Christmas Stamp. - - Postal bureaus are not able - In their wisdom to invent - Any brighter, fairer label - On our letters to be sent. - They may try a new creation, - Or the old designs revamp, - But the meanwhile the population - Craves the little Christmas Stamp. - - Stamps of England show the florid - Bearded visage of King Ed. - Stamps from Egypt’s deserts torrid, - Show the Sphynx’s grinning head. - Other stamps show deer and fishes, - Or a pictured urn or lamp, - But the one that bears good wishes - Is the little Christmas Stamp. - - Russia sports her eagles mighty - On her postal guarantees; - Spain depicts her monarch flighty, - Germany her own main squeeze. - Other pow’rs use landscapes charming, - Which in narrow space they cramp, - But the one design heart-warming - Marks the little Christmas Stamp. - - Now this stamp won’t pay for transit - On our own or other soil, - But ’tis plain to him that scans it - That it pays for Red Cross toil. - And to keep the white plague under - And upon that pest to tramp, - Buy the latest postal wonder, - Buy the little Christmas Stamp. - - - - -THE STORY OF THE RED CROSS - -THE HARVEST OF DEATH - - -Throughout the entire action the Emperor Francis Joseph remained calm and -composed. Towards the evening the Austrian centre having yielded the left -wing, not daring to face the position of the Allies, a general retreat -was decided upon and the head of the House of Hapsburg, who throughout -the day had watched the bullets raining around him, withdrew with a part -of his staff in the direction of Volta. The Austrian officers had fought -like lions, many in their despair gave themselves up to death by the -enemy’s hands, but not without selling dearly their lives. Most of those -who returned to their regiments were covered with the blood of their own -wounds or those of their enemies. - -The roads were filled with army wagons, carts and reserve artillery. -The first convoys of Austrian wounded, consisting of the less serious -cases, commenced to come into Villa-Franca, the more seriously wounded -followed. The Austrian medical staff dressed the wounds hastily and in a -perfunctory manner gave a little nourishment to the sufferers, and then -sent them on by rail to Verona, where the crowding was most fearful. -Although in the retreat the Austrian Army sought to carry away all the -wounded possible, and this at the price of much extra suffering to the -poor men, thousands were left behind lying on the ground, still drenched -with their blood. - -[Illustration: VICTOR EMANUEL, KING OF SARDINIA, LATER KING OF ITALY.] - -Towards the close of the day, when the twilight shadows were creeping -over this vast field of carnage, more than one French officer, more than -one French soldier wandered here and there, seeking some missing friend -or compatriot, beside whom, when found, he knelt endeavoring to restore -him to consciousness, to staunch the flow of blood, to dress the terrible -wounds, to bind his handkerchief around a fractured limb or to vainly -seek for water to quench the agonizing thirst. What silent tears must -have been shed on that unhappy night! - -During the battle flying ambulances were stationed on farms, in -churches, convents, in the open air, or under the shade of the trees, -which received firstly wounded officers and non-commissioned officers, -attending to them in great haste, and afterwards came the rank and file -if the medical staff had time to spare for them. Such as could walk -betook themselves to the ambulances; others were carried on stretchers -and hand-barrows. - -During the fight a pennant planted on a slight elevation marked the -position of the dressing stations for wounded and the field hospitals of -the regiments in action. But, unfortunately, the troops seldom knew their -own hospital pennants nor those of the enemy, with the result that shells -rained down, sparing neither doctors, attendants, wounded nor the wagons -conveying supplies of food and lint. - -The heights extending from Castiglione to Volta were dotted with the -twinkling lights of thousands of fires fed with the debris of the -Austrian gun carriages, supplemented with the branches of trees broken -off by the cannon balls or during the storm. Round these fires the -soldiers made an effort to dry their soaking garments, then tired out -they stretched themselves on the stony ground to sleep. - -There were whole battalions without a particle of food. Water, too, was -lacking and their thirst was so intense that soldiers and even officers -were content to drink from the muddy rain-pools, oft-times stained with -blood. Everywhere wounded men were crying piteously for “Water!” In -the silence of the night could be heard the groans, the stifled cries -of anguish, the despairing appeals for help. What pen can describe the -agonies of that horrible night! - -The sun of June 25th, 1859, rose on one of the most frightful spectacles -that the most vivid imagination can conceive. The battlefield was strewn -with the bodies of men and horses, and with the battered forms of men -in whom the spark of life still remained, they filled up the roads, -they choked the trenches and the ravines, they lay piled in heaps in -the bushes and the fields, everywhere for miles around the village of -Solferino. - -The crops were utterly destroyed, the corn was trodden under foot, hedges -were piled up, orchards ravaged. Here and there were pools of blood, -formerly prosperous villages, now deserted, bore the marks of shot and -shell; apparently deserted houses, whose walls were riddled with bullets, -stood shattered, gashed and ruined. Their inhabitants, who for the most -part had passed the twenty-four hours during which the conflict raged in -their cellars without food or light, now began to issue forth from their -hiding places, the vacant expression and blank countenances of these poor -peasants witnessing eloquently to the reality of the fright they had -endured. - -The ground was covered with wreckage of all kinds, broken weapons, -accoutrements, camp furniture, and blood-stained articles of clothing. -The unfortunate wounded who lay around were pale, livid, and utterly -exhausted with their sufferings. Some, very badly wounded, had an -imbecile expression, seemed not to understand when spoken to, staring -with haggard eyes at those who brought them succor, and others in a -state of nervous excitement shivered with a convulsive ague. Yet others, -with deep, gaping wounds, in which inflammation had already set in, were -delirious from their pain, and implored that they might be put out of -their misery, and with drawn faces twisted themselves into indescribable -positions in their supreme agony. Besides these there were unfortunate -men, who had been struck by cannon balls and grape shot, or whose arms -and legs had been shattered by pieces of artillery. - -In many cases the bodies of the dead and wounded were robbed by -marauders, and thousands of poor fellows, who still lived, were thus -despoiled of all their savings, to say nothing of the little trinkets, -the gifts of mothers, wives and sweethearts. - -Besides these tragic scenes were many dramatic incidents witnessed by -Monsieur Dunant himself of which he tells; there an old officer on the -retired list, General Breton, wandering over the battlefield in search -of his wounded son-in-law; here Colonel Maleville, wounded at Casa-Nova -quietly breathing his last, Colonel Genlis with a terrible wound that -has produced a high fever, Lieutenant de Selve, just out of St. Cyr, -whose arm has been shot away; a poor sergeant-major, whose two arms have -been shattered, and of whom he writes: “I saw him again at a hospital at -Brescia, but he died in passing Mont Cenis.” Officer after officer gave -up his life because of wounds in which gangrene set in through lack of -attention. - -The scarcity of water was acutely felt, for the burning summer sun had -dried up almost all the moisture. Wherever the smallest spring was found -sentries were placed, who, with fixed bayonets, guarded it for the need -of the most urgent cases. - -Wounded horses, that had lost their riders, wandered pitiably about -through the night. Whenever opportunity afforded they were mercifully -shot. - -Among the dead were some whose features bore a calm and serene -expression, these were those who had been killed outright. But those who -had not immediately succumbed had their faces drawn and distorted by the -agony they had endured, their hands clutched the ground, their haggard -eyes were wide open and their teeth clenched. - -Three days and three nights were occupied in burying the dead on the -field of slaughter. Some few bodies, hidden in the thickets, were left -unburied, not having been discovered until a fearful stench polluted the -air. Terrible as it may seem it is highly probable that in this haste -some of the living were interred in the same common grave with the dead. - -Monsieur Dunant takes us over this dreadful scene. Here is a youth, the -idol of his parents, carefully brought up and well educated, whose mother -all his life had watched his slightest illness; there lies a gallant -officer, beloved of his family, who has left a wife and little children -at home; over yonder is a young soldier, who so short a time ago said -farewell to all his dear ones. Behold them, stretched out stark and stiff -in the mud and dirt, and drenched with blood. Knocked on the head, the -face of one is absolutely unrecognizable; he has expired after cruel -sufferings and his body, black, swollen, hideous, is cast into a hastily -dug trench, and barely covered with a little earth. Hands and feet -protrude and on these the birds of prey presently descend. The bodies of -the Austrians in their capots besmeared with mud and their white tunics -dyed with crimson stains, were strewn by thousands on the hills and -valleys, and hovering above them were clouds of crows ready to feast upon -these victims of man’s insensate enmity. Poor mothers in Austria, Hungary -and Bohemia, how terrible your grief when first you learned of the death -of your dear sons in the enemy’s country without care or aid, without a -caressing hand or any words of consolation. - - - - -REPORT OF CHAIRMAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE - - -Fortunately, most of the emergencies arising during the year were not of -a magnitude very much greater than were easily met and suffering relieved -locally. In several cases, however, national relief was asked, and was -freely and very promptly rendered. - -A brief summary of the principal events respecting catastrophies -occurring during the year resulting in losses of life, personal injuries, -destitution and destruction of property may be thus stated: - - -DECEMBER 2ND. - -A mine explosion at Monongah, West Virginia, killed 359 men, who left -about 700 dependents. For many weeks the Red Cross had an agent there -assisting the local committee and studying and planning for the future of -the widows and children, this help being gratefully acknowledged by the -local committee. - - -APRIL 12TH. - -The Chelsea fire occurred, when the homes of 18,000 of its population -were destroyed. Miss Loring, the Secretary of the Massachusetts Branch, -took charge of the department of supplies and distributed about 120,000 -articles. The local relief committee asked, and secured, the services of -Mr. Bicknell, our National Director, to advise on the completion of the -relief operation. - - -APRIL 25TH. - -A cyclone of great violence wrought extensive havoc in certain localities -in Mississippi and other Southern States. Major C. A. Devol, and later -Major Wendell L. Simpson, of the Army, both of whom had much experience -with the relief operations in San Francisco, were sent to the scene of -the disaster by the War Department and kindly offered to act for the -Red Cross. Needing $2,000.00 for immediate use, this sum was at once -telegraphed and his requisition for twelve trained nurses instantly -filled; this number soon after raised to eighteen and supplied by the -New York, Pennsylvania and District of Columbia Branches. Hospitals -were established, and the injured and helpless, both white and colored, -properly cared for. The local authorities expressed their grateful -acknowledgments for the assistance rendered, which being more promptly -available than was the government relief, was especially appreciated. - - -MAY 25TH. - -A flood in the Trinity River, Texas, swept away many homes. Our Texas -Branch installed two emergency hospitals and secured locally the -necessary doctors and nurses to care for those requiring aid. This Branch -annually installs a hospital and tents at the State Fair Grounds. This -year 1,000 persons injured or taken suddenly ill were treated in this -emergency hospital. - - -JUNE 23RD. - -Upon a telegraphic call from the U. S. Consul at Canton, $2,000 was -cabled to the local committee for use in relieving the distress caused -by flood in South China. Later a surplus balance of $34,000 in the hands -of the United States and British Consuls at Shanghai, pertaining to -the North China Famine Fund, which was partly derived from Red Cross -contributions made last year, was forwarded to South China for relief of -the sufferers from the June inundations. - - -AUGUST 5TH. - -Fires in the Canadian forests wrought great distress to the inhabitants -whose homes were burned. The Red Cross made a contribution of $1,000 to -their aid and received the thanks of the authorities. - -Floods in the Carolinas and Georgia swept away the homes and crops of -many. The Red Cross promptly responded to calls for help. - -The San Francisco Home for the Aged, Infirm, Poor and Helpless Refugees, -built and equipped by the Relief Corporation of that City at an expense -of $377,000 was on August 5th, 1908, formally transferred to the City of -San Francisco. This institution is dedicated “TO THE NATIONAL RED CROSS -AND THE PEOPLE OF ALL NATIONALITIES WHO, BY THEIR GENEROSITY, RELIEVED -SUFFERING AFTER THE GREAT FIRE OF 1906.” It has a capacity for the -accommodation of 1,200 persons. - - -OCTOBER 1ST. - -The Committee secured the services of an expert in relief work, who, in -the character of National Director, is able to proceed at once to the -scene of any disaster and concert with the local relief agencies those -measures which may be deemed requisite to meet the emergency conditions. -The lack of an agent to act for the Red Cross on such occasions has often -been felt. The Committee considered itself especially fortunate in having -been able to secure the services, as National Director, of Mr. Ernest P. -Bicknell, who for several years has been at the head of the charity work -in the city of Chicago. - -Mr. Bicknell’s engagement dated from October 1st, and his initial work -was a visit to Minnesota and Michigan to carefully study the situation -in the territory devasted by forest fires. It is Mr. Bicknell’s belief -that the States and local agencies may be depended upon to render such -assistance as the conditions require. - -The Central Committee has given much attention to a development of an -organization so as to better adapt it to the purposes for which the -Association was created. - -The preparations required for the relief of suffering caused by war will -be generally confined to the elaboration by the War Relief Board of -plans for providing the requisite personnel, apparatus and supplies and -their application under the direction of military and naval authorities. -For emergency relief the instrumentalities of the Red Cross will -unfortunately be frequently called into activity, and we should be ready -instantly the catastrophe has occurred to have our agents on the spot -with the requisite personnel, supplies and resources to undertake the -emergency work which Congress has assigned to the Red Cross of America. - -It is always the case that local, state and municipal authorities are -ready to either assume entire management of relief measures within -their jurisdiction, or to co-operate with those who bring help from -abroad. Sometimes the outside aid required is many times greater in -magnitude than the localities are able to provide. For two independent -relief agencies to operate for a common purpose at any scene of want -and suffering means duplication and waste and possible friction. It -is to avoid such situations that the Central Committee plans to elect -the stronger and more efficient charity organization societies as -institutional members for the purpose of securing their trained personnel -to take charge under the National Director of the necessary relief -measure combined. - -In furtherance of this general idea of better efficiency, and to provide -an authorized official channel through which the aid of the philanthropic -and charitable may flow, and be so applied as to yield the maximum -benefit, the Committee has organized an emergency relief board of fifteen -persons to be appointed by the President of the Red Cross and empowered -to study, prepare for and supervise emergency relief throughout the -States of the Union and exterior possessions. - -Carrying out this general idea of specializing in work of the Red Cross, -it is expedient to commit to a separate board the study, preparation for -and supervision of relief applied in foreign countries. The organization -of such a Board at an early date is contemplated. - -It was found by experience that the By-Laws adopted on February 8, 1905, -require amendment in several important particulars. Accordingly the -necessary amendments were adopted at the annual meeting December 8th. - -The general membership has been somewhat increased during the year. This -is largely due to the generous co-operation of several of our members -who contributed considerable amounts to a fund from which the expenses -of a propaganda were guaranteed. Large accessions, it was hoped, would -be secured by means of printed circulars and historical data generally -distributed. While the propaganda resulted in the accession of several -thousand new members, the net result of the efforts did not justify the -hopes that had been entertained of a very large increase in membership. -The cost of this work was paid from the fund created by the donors and -without any inroads upon the resources of the Association. - -At the International Conference, held in London last year, it was agreed -that the Red Cross throughout the world should assist in the campaign -against what has been aptly called “The Great White Plague,” i. e., -Tuberculosis. Several Day Camps have been established by our Branches and -are efficiently applying with most gratifying results the curative and -preventative means for combatting this disease that have been advised by -expert practitioners. - -A Red Cross Christmas Stamp has been designed and will be sold during the -holidays at one cent each, the profits thereby secured to be applied in -aiding the tuberculosis campaign in localities where the stamps were sold. - -A prominent military surgeon, who is a member of the Red Cross, has -prepared a handbook for the Association on First Aid to the Injured and -this book has been placed on sale. It is hoped that the Y. M. C. A. will -adopt this work as a text book, a wish there is reason to believe may -be realized and that every family in the country will be glad to have -one. At the request of a prominent railroad official, we are preparing, -for travelers and railroad employees, to be hung up in stations, a card -containing suggestions for preventatives and remedial measures in respect -to accidents. - -Special instructions of relief columns have also been commenced. A plan -is being developed through which the Federation of Trained Nurses may -become affiliated with the Red Cross so as to provide qualified nurses as -may be needed in cases of calamity, epidemics, etc. - -The evidence is overwhelmingly convincing that where a great disaster has -occurred contributions of the people are willingly and generously given -to relieve suffering, but unlike the people of some foreign countries, -our own do not seem to be as ready to join the Association in great -numbers and by their annual dues supply the means for maintaining our -organization in a constant state of readiness to respond instantly on -call for help. Fortunately, the ordinary general expenses of conducting -the business of the Association in Washington are small, since we have no -rent to pay and no salaries to pay, save to the National Director, the -Secretary and Treasurer, and for one or two clerks, but the stationery, -Quarterly Bulletin, printing, telegraphing and postal charges are -considerable. The annual revenues available for administration, derived -from the half of the yearly dues, are not sufficient to properly conduct -the work entrusted to the Association. The income from the Endowment -Fund is also small because the fund is small and to the increase of this -fund it seems to the Committee special effort should be directed. - -Considering to what proportion the endowments of certain public -institutions and beneficent organizations have grown through donations -and legacies, it does not seem to be an unjustified expectation that the -Red Cross Endowment should certainly reach a million dollars, yielding at -least $40,000 a year, which sum, with other income, would be sufficient -and ample to meet all administrative expenses and leave a considerable -balance for application to emergency relief, before measures could be -matured for securing gifts from the general public directly appliable to -such relief. - -With respect to this matter the Committee does not ask for enlarged -powers, since the Central Committee a year since took action looking -to the appointment of a Committee on Endowment, but for reasons all -appreciate the time was not deemed propitious for undertaking the -propaganda to this end, but members of the Board of Incorporators can, -in their individual capacities, do much to forward the interests of the -Association by their suggestion and personal influence. - -The statement presented by the Treasurer will show the financial history -of the Corporation for the year 1908. - - - - -REPORT OF THE TREASURER - -For the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 1908. - -BEEKMAN WINTHROP, _Treasurer_. - - -ENDOWMENT FUND. - - RECEIPTS. - - Balance December 1, 1907 $ 2,516.25 - Contributions from: - Mrs. Russell Sage $ 25,000.00 - Mr. F. A. Keep 1,000.00 - Admiral Robley D. Evans 400.00 - Miscellaneous 121.00 - ----------- 26,521.00 - - Life membership dues: - Through propaganda $ 875.00 - Through Branches 3,875.00 - ----------- 4,750.00 - - Interest on investments: - West Shore R. R. 4% 1st. Mortgage Bonds $ 720.00 - Lehigh Valley R. R. 4% 1st. Mortgage Bonds 40.00 - Provident Loan Society Certificates 54.17 - Bank Balances 82.83 - ----------- 847.00 - ----------- - Total $ 34,634.25 - - DISBURSEMENTS. - - Invested in Provident Loan Society Certificates $ 25,000.00 - Interest on investments and bank balances transferred - to Administration Fund 847.00 - ----------- - Total $ 25,847.00 - Balance December 1, 1908 8,787.25 - ----------- - $ 34,634.25 - -NOTE—The Endowment Fund on December 1, 1908, is thus stated: - - Invested in $18,000, par value, 4% West Shore R. R. Bonds, - cost $ 18,771.50 - Invested in $1,000, par value, 4% Lehigh Valley R. R. - Bonds, cost 1,000.00 - Invested in $25,000, par value, Provident Loan Society - Certificates, cost 25,000.00 - Cash 8,787.25 - ----------- - $ 53,558.75 - - -GENERAL EMERGENCY FUND. - - RECEIPTS. - - Balance December 1, 1907 $ 52.04 - Contributions: - *Mississippi Cyclone Relief 695.25 - *Georgia and South Carolina Flood Relief 1,146.96 - Miscellaneous 241.17 - Repayments 1,850.93 - Balance of Chinese Famine Fund (closed) 5,047.53 - Balance of Russian Famine Fund (closed) 862.43 - Balance of Monongah Relief Fund (closed) 7.58 - ----------- - $ 9,903.89 - - DISBURSEMENTS. - - Mississippi Cyclone Relief $ 2,767.38 - South Carolina and Georgia Flood Relief 942.05 - Chinese Flood Relief (Canton) 2,000.00 - Canadian Forest Fire Relief 1,000.00 - Michigan and Minnesota Forest Fire Relief 300.00 - ----------- - Total $ 7,009.43 - Balance December 1, 1908 2,894.46 - ----------- - $ 9,903.89 - -* These contributions to special objects of relief are credited here -instead of to Special Emergency, because disbursements from General -Emergency Funds began before contributions were received. These -_emergencies_ were, therefore, treated as _general_ instead of _special_. - - -SPECIAL EMERGENCY FUND. - - RECEIPTS. - - Balance San Francisco Relief contributions $432,037.33 - Balance Chinese Famine Fund 5,046.78 - Balance Russian Famine Fund 862.43 - Balance interest accumulations 46,841.90 - Contributions: - Chinese Famine Fund .75 - Calabrian Earthquake Fund 233.60 - Monongah Mines Fund 3,789.69 - Interest on bank balances, all special funds 12,876.70 - ---------- - Total $521,689.18 - - DISBURSEMENTS. - - San Francisco Relief $199,835.00 - Calabrian Earthquake Relief 233.60 - Monongah Mines Relief 3,782.11 - By transfer to General Emergency Fund: - Chinese Famine Relief Fund (closed) 5,047.53 - Russian Famine Relief Fund (closed) 862.43 - Monongah Mines Relief Fund (closed) 7.58 - ----------- - Total $209,768.25 - Balance December 1, 1908 311,920.93 - ----------- - $521,689.18 - - -ADMINISTRATION FUND. - - RECEIPTS. - - Balance December 1, 1907 $ 4,651.53 - Membership dues: - Proceeds special propaganda—Life $ 875.00 - Proceeds special propaganda—Annual 3,530.87 - --------- - 4,405.87 - Remitted by Branches 3,590.55 - Interest on investments of Endowment Fund 847.00 - Repayments 1.43 - Donations 1,350.00 - Proceeds, sale of Christmas Stamps 1,627.95 - Proceeds, sale of badges, text-books, etc. 57.95 - ----------- - Total $ 16,532.28 - - DISBURSEMENTS. - - Salaries $ 2,979.08 - Clerical services 382.75 - Traveling expenses 72.57 - Publication of BULLETIN (part) 1,936.36 - Printing and stationery 554.05 - Postage and minor office expenses 450.00 - Telephone service 65.36 - Telegraph service 85.84 - Badges, text-books, etc. 105.00 - Refundments 116.73 - Transfer to “Guarantee Fund,” for special propaganda 2,500.00 - Life dues received through special propaganda, - transferred to Endowment Fund 875.00 - ----------- - Total $ 10,122.74 - Balance December 1, 1908 6,409.54 - ----------- - $ 16,532.28 - - - - -FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE RED CROSS - - -Preceding the annual meeting a meeting of the Central Committee was held -and the proposed revision of the by-laws discussed. The Committee voted -unanimously in favor of the revision. - -The morning session of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Red -Cross was held on Tuesday, December 8th, at the Hubbard Memorial Hall. It -was presided over by the Chairman of the Central Committee, Major General -George W. Davis. At this meeting reports were read from the Branches, the -subject of the Christmas stamp was taken up and an interesting address on -the Assistance of the Press was made by Mr. Leigh Mitchell Hodges, of the -Philadelphia _North American_. The revision of the by-laws was informally -discussed. The officers, incorporators and branch delegates were kindly -entertained at luncheon by the First Assistant Secretary of State and -Mrs. Bacon. - -Hon. William H. Taft, President of the American Red Cross, presided at -the regular session in the afternoon. Besides the reports that are given -elsewhere the most important work of the session was the adoption with -a few minor changes of the revised by-laws as presented by the Central -Committee. The report of the officers and those on Red Cross work are -somewhat long so that the publication of the new by-laws will be given -in the April BULLETIN, but any one desiring a copy will receive one on -application to Red Cross Headquarters. - -Mr. Taft, greatly to the satisfaction of the Society, consented to be -re-elected President, and Mr. Robert W. De Forest, of New York, was -elected to the newly-created office of Vice-President. Mr. Ernest P. -Bicknell was appointed October 1st, National Director, and the other -officers were all re-elected. To fill four vacancies among the Charter -Members, John M. Glenn, Henry Stockbridge, Robert W. De Forest and -Mrs. Douglas Robinson were elected. The two new members of the Central -Committee elected were: Hon. H. Kirke Porter and Mr. John M. Glenn. -Mr. John C. Pegram and Miss Mabel T. Boardman were re-elected on this -Committee. - -As the new by-laws provided that those who have rendered specially -meritorious or distinguished service to the association and have been -approved for such distinction by two-thirds vote of the members present -at any annual meeting shall become honorary members, three names for -this honorary membership were proposed, President Roosevelt being at -that time the only honorary member of the Society. Those proposed were -the Honorable William H. Taft, who since the re-organization of the -American Red Cross has been its President and who has always, in spite -of being a very busy man, has given his time and assistance to the Red -Cross to its great advantage, was the first name proposed. Because of -the work she did during the Civil War in the Sanitary Commission, that -precursor of the Red Cross, and because of her generous aid in the way -of a large contribution to the Endowment Fund of the American Red Cross -Mrs. Russell Sage’s was the second name proposed. Dr. Louis Klopsch, -Editor of the _Christian Herald_, during the great famines in Japan and -China, raised very large funds for the purposes of relief, amounting to -considerably over half a million of dollars, besides collecting moneys -for the purchase of food supplies which were forwarded to China, and who -sent these generous contributions through the American Red Cross, was -the third person proposed for honorary membership in the American Red -Cross. Mr. Taft on the proposal of his name made the request that it be -withdrawn, as he had consented to stand for re-election as President of -the Red Cross, and preferred to consider himself still an active, rather -than an honorary member. At this request his name was withdrawn and Mrs. -Sage and Dr. Klopsch were unanimously elected honorary members of the -American Red Cross. - -It was also unanimously voted to present special medals for the rendering -of important and unremunerated volunteer services to the Red Cross to -Dr. Edward T. Devine, Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell and Mr. F. W. Dohrmann for -their services at San Francisco, in 1906, and to Major C. A. Devol, U. -S. A., and to Major Wendell L. Simpson, U. S. A., for their services at -Hattiesburg, in 1908. - -In the evening a reception was given by Miss Boardman, at which the -members met the President of the Red Cross and Mrs. Taft. - - - - -RED CROSS ENDOWMENT FUND - - - Balance on hand, December 1st, 1907 $21,516.00 - Life memberships, 1908 4,750.00 - Contributions to December 1st, 1908. - Mrs. Russell Sage, contribution 25,000.00 - Mr. F. A. Keep, contribution 1,000.00 - Admiral Robley D. Evans 400.00 - Miscellaneous 120.00 - --------- - Total December 1st, 1908 $52,786.00 - Contributions since December 1st, 1908. - Mr. Joseph Rathborne $ 1,000.00 - -In connection with Admiral Evans’ generous contribution the following -letter from the Victor Talking Machine Company is of interest: - -“Admiral Evans has lately made for this Company a record of his farewell -address to the men of the United States Navy upon the occasion of his -leaving the fleet in San Francisco. We are sending to you in Admiral -Evans’ name, our check for $400, which he wished you to use for the -benefit of the Red Cross Society, in any way you may deem best.” - - - - -RED CROSS FIRST-AID TEXT-BOOK - -BY WILLIAM E. CURTIS - - -The Red Cross Society is becoming more and more practical, and is getting -closer and closer to the everyday life of the people. In the past it has -been distinguished by affording relief in times of great calamities, -famines, epidemics, floods, fires and plagues, but, as the organization -spreads throughout the country and becomes localized its merciful -missions reach the thresholds of the schoolhouse and the home. It is now -circulating a little pocket edition of “The American National Red Cross -Text Book; a Manual of Instruction; How to Prevent Accidents, and What to -Do for Injuries and Emergencies.” It was prepared by Major Charles Lynch -of the medical corps of the United States Army, who distinguished himself -as medical attache with the Japanese Army during the late war with Russia -and has recently been detailed to make a special study of possibilities -of Red Cross aid to armies in time of war. - -The book is published for the Red Cross Society, and is being circulated -from the headquarters in the War Department with the hearty indorsement -of Judge Taft, who was president of the Red Cross Society long before -he was elected President of the United States. Brigadier General R. -M. O’Reilly, surgeon general of the United States Army, writes the -preface, in which he explains the necessity and the usefulness of the -booklet, which, he says, “will serve to fill a place of its own in the -ever-increasing movement for the relief of human suffering.” - -“Notwithstanding the many excellent works already in existence on -first aid instruction,” continues Surgeon General O’Reilly, “none of -the writers so far as I know, have given much thought to teaching the -prevention of accidents. While this subject is necessarily treated rather -briefly here, at least enough is said to call attention to the importance -of prevention as contrasted with cure, and, for this reason, it seems to -me peculiarly appropriate that this book should have the indorsement of -the Red Cross, as the beneficent mission of that association, like that -of the good physician in treating disease, should be to go deeply into -causes which are responsible for the physical sufferings of humanity, -rather than resort solely to palliative measures. - -“Another novelty in the present manual is that it treats not only of -first aid as given by the individual but also of relief columns, bodies -designed to administer first aid as organizations. Army conditions -emphasize the necessity for the creation of organizations in order that -first aid may be given with maximum efficiency. And there are many -situations in civil life, such as vast concourses of people, great -fires, railroad disasters, which equally demand first aid organizations -instead of individuals, who, however well taught they may be, must, under -such circumstances, work at cross purposes, unless they are united into -a disciplined body in which the special duties of each are carefully -defined.” - -Gen. O’Reilly might have added something about the importance of the -little book for the household, for it seems to contain directions -for every possible accident that may occur to human creatures from -concussion of the brain to chilblains. There ought to be a copy on every -farm and ranch, in every factory and workshop, on every football field -and in every gymnasium. There ought to be a copy in every automobile. -Every railway conductor and brakeman should be required to carry it -in his pocket, for it tells him what to do in every kind of accident. -Organizations seek such books for the instruction and guidance of their -members, but they must be brought to the attention of households, where, -I think, this will be most useful in preventing as well as relieving -the little accidents that occur daily and the little afflictions that -children and grown people suffer. These are often thought to be so -insignificant that no attention is paid to them, like mosquito bites, -stings of insects, injuries to the eyes, poisons from ivy, burns and -scalds, wounds from fish hooks or shotguns, and Dr. Lynch has explained -what to do under every circumstance and condition. - -The Red Cross book should be used as a text-book in schools, for it is -full of practical physiology, and children can be trained to render -effective first aid to each other. The ordinary text-books on physiology -are doubtless full of important information, but as a rule they are too -theoretical to be applied to ordinary everyday accidents. - -A copy of Dr. Lynch’s book has been placed by the District Red Cross -Society in every police station and engine-house in Washington. The -Cleveland society has done the same, and it would seem that every city in -the country might follow these examples with profit. The Red Cross relief -column at the time of the inauguration will be supplied with copies. -The book is compact and small, with flexible covers, so that it can be -carried in the pocket. - - - - -FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS TO MERCHANT MARINE - -BY FIRST LIEUTENANT C. H. RICHARDSON, M. R. C. & U. S. A. - - -Section 118 of the latest edition of the U. S. Navigation Laws, enacted -June 7th, 1872, amended by Revised statute 4569 of June 26th, 1884, and -June 19th, 1896, reads as follows: - -“Every vessel belonging to a citizen of the United States bound from a -port in the United States to any foreign port, or being of the burden of -seventy-five tons or upwards, and bound from a port of the Atlantic to -a port on the Pacific, or vice versa, shall be provided with a chest of -medicines.” ... The rest of the section relates to the use of lime or -lemon juice. - -No mention, it will be seen, is made of what this “medicine chest” shall -contain nor whether there shall be any one on board capable of using its -contents. - -Naturally there could be no uniformity in the equipment of these chests -for the law, not being explicit, left the matter entirely to the ship -owners who could use their judgment as to the requirements of their own -vessels. - -Besides, in questioning several sea-going officers, I find that there is -no book on First Aid which is generally accepted as being a necessary -part of the chest’s contents. Many of them have only a book published in -1877, called “Ritter’s Manual,” the first edition of which was issued -some forty years before. The U. S. Public Health and Marine Hospital -Service published an excellent book in 1900, called the “Hand Book for -the Ship’s Medicine Chest,” but there is no law requiring its adoption by -ship’s owners and it is, judging from the opinions expressed by several -men with whom I spoke on the subject, considered too technical for the -average ship officers. - -Many of the vessels sailing out of San Francisco provide themselves with -chests arranged by a prominent druggist of this city, and they contain a -small book, which he has published; it is to be expected that the special -preparations which he supplies are particularly dwelt upon. - -While considering the subject, especially in regards to the needs of a -proper book on First Aid, I was impressed with the fact that whatever -book was adopted would be of service only to the degree that its contents -were understood and appreciated by those using it. - -I therefore called upon the Secretaries of the “Masters, Mates and Pilots -Association” and the “Sailors Union,” of this city, and presented to them -for the consideration of their respective organizations, a plan whereby -a regular course of lectures bearing on First Aid and kindred subjects -should be given weekly to their members. - -These gentlemen received me very cordially and I can best express their -opinions by submitting the letters they sent me which are quoted in full: - - California Harbor, No. 15, San Francisco, Cal., - Nov. 17th, 1908. - - Lt. G. H. Richardson, M. R. C., U. S. Army, Post Hospital, - Presidio. - - Dear Doctor: - - After your talk last evening to the members of California - Harbor, No. 15, it was decided to at once begin the course of - lectures on First Aid as suggested by you. It seems a good idea - that the National Red Cross should take up this matter for it - will insure uniformity of instruction to those interested all - over this country. - - The need of such a course of instruction has been apparent for - some time, but no one seemed to be able to devise a plan which - was practical. - - If convenient to you, would like to have the first lecture on - Thursday evening, December 3rd, 1908, at 7:30 p. m., at our - lodge rooms. - - I shall communicate with Golden Gate Harbor, No. 40, of this - city, and invite them to be present. - - Thanking you for your kind interest in us and wishing you - success in your work, I am. - - Respectfully, - - (Signed) J. WALTER JOHNSON, - Secretary. - - Sailors Union of the Pacific, - San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 17th, 1908. - - Dr. G. H. Richardson, Lieutenant U. S. A., Presidio Hospital, - City. - - Dear Sir: - - The kind offer of the California State Branch, of the American - National Red Cross Society, made through you, to arrange for - a course of lectures to members of this organization on First - Aid to Injured, etc., has been submitted to the Union, which - accepts same, with thanks; has placed its hall at your disposal - any night of the week, excepting Mondays, and has pledged - itself to co-operate with you in any way it can, particularly - in the matter of securing large and regular attendance at the - lectures. - - If knowledge on the subjects to be discussed is desirable in - people on shore, I should say it is a necessity to the men - who go to sea. Seamen have had to endure untold suffering, - and many of them have lost their lives, or worse still, have - become disabled for life, owing to ignorance of the very first - principles of First Aid. By law the vessels are required to - carry a medicine chest, but in the majority of cases not a - single man in the ship’s company knows anything about the - properties of the medicine. - - The proposed lectures will be a blessing to the sea-faring men. - - If you will kindly let me know in advance when you propose to - open the course, I shall do what I can to advertise it. - - Respectfully, - - (Signed) E. ELLISON, - Secretary. - -It seems to me that the national character of the American National Red -Cross makes it pre-eminently the best organization for doing this work -and to establish it in all cities where a Merchant Marine exists. - -These lectures have been arranged for and the first of the series will be -given on December 3rd, 1908. - - - - -THE RED CROSS AND ESPERANTO - -BY MAJOR P. F. STRAUB, U. S. A. - -Medical Corps - - -_Major Straub was the official delegate of the War Department at the -Esperanto Congress held at Dresden, Germany, in August last. The -following extract is taken from his report to the Adjutant-General, U. S. -A.:_—EDITOR. - -From a military point of view, the most important application of -Esperanto at this time would appear to be in the sanitary service, and -I am of the opinion that the Government would be justified in giving -it official countenance. It is suggested that a beginning be made by -introducing it into the National Red Cross Association, where at first it -might be added as an elective study in the course of instruction for the -Red Cross columns that are now being organized, and it would appear that -a two-fold purpose would be served thereby, in that, the language might -become of great practical use in time of war and that it would help to -hold the columns together by an additional bond of mutual interest. The -officers of the European Red Cross organizations, especially those of -France and Germany, have taken an active interest in the propaganda, and -many high officials of their organizations were present at the congress. -An exhibition was also given by a Dresden Red Cross column, in which all -of the exercises were conducted in Esperanto. - -Many efforts have been made in former years to introduce a series of -manuals for the sanitary personnel of the military establishments to -facilitate communication with sick and wounded prisoners of war, but -such efforts were unsuccessful, largely on account of the difficulty of -learning the proper pronunciation of foreign tongues. This objection -cannot apply to Esperanto, as there is no difficulty whatever in this -respect, and it is quite easy to understand it whether spoken by Russian, -German, Turk, Japanese, or American. Lieutenant Bayol, an officer of -the French army, has prepared a set of small pamphlets which give -the questions that would be asked by the nurse and patient and their -appropriate answers, in French, German, Italian or English, and in a -parallel column the corresponding Esperanto. - -Recommendation: In view of the extensive use already made of Esperanto in -foreign Red Cross organization, it is recommended that it be brought to -the attention of our National Red Cross organization, so that it may be -included as an elective study in the course of instruction for Red Cross -columns. - -Second Indorsement. War Department, Office of the Surgeon General, Oct. -24, 1908. Respectfully returned to The Adjutant General of the Army. The -study of Esperanto in the military service should be encouraged as it is -believed that the proposed international language is destined to play an -important role in international intercourse. It is recommended that the -attention of the American National Red Cross Association be called to the -subject, and that authority be given to furnish it a copy of this report. - - R. M. O’REILLY, Surgeon General, U. S. A. - -Fourth Indorsement. War Department, The Adjutant-General’s Office, -Washington, November 17, 1908. Respectfully returned to the -Surgeon-General, approved by the Secretary of War as recommended in the -second indorsement. The return of this paper is desired. By order of the -Secretary of War. - - HENRY P. McCAIN, Adjutant-General. - - - - -NOTES - - -EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. - -On Saturday, December 12th, there was a telegraphic report that a hundred -men had been killed by a dynamite explosion at Panama. Mr. Taft, being -at that time in Washington, on his suggestion an inquiry as to the need -of assistance was sent to Colonel Goethals. Fortunately the report was -exaggerated and as will be seen by the following dispatches, aid was not -required. - - Col. Goethals, Chairman Panama Canal Commission, Panama. - - Deeply concerned to hear of accident. The Red Cross Society - expresses much sympathy, and is prepared to furnish financial - assistance for relief if you deem it necessary. Answer. - - TAFT. - -To which Col. Goethals replied: - - We greatly appreciate your kind message and offer of the - Red Cross Society. No financial assistance necessary, and - Commission hospitals fully equipped to care for wounded. - - GOETHALS. - -Bailey, Banks & Biddle, of Philadelphia, who have provided the insignia -badge for Red Cross officers, have been asked to prepare a design for -special medals to be awarded to those persons who have rendered special -volunteer and unremunerated services to the Red Cross at times of war or -disaster. - -The Executive Committee are much indebted to the help that the American -Hospital Association has rendered to the American Red Cross in its -efforts to suppress the misuse of the Red Cross insignia by the passing -of resolutions against the use of this emblem by civil hospitals at the -annual convention held at Toronto, during last September. Dr. Babcock, -the Secretary, writes that the proceedings leading up to the adoption -of the resolutions will be published in the _Transactions_ and also in -_The National Hospital Record_. So many hospitals have been using the Red -Cross on tags for sale on “Tag Day” that it is a satisfaction to report -that in San Francisco the officers of The Children’s Hospital, at the -request of the California Red Cross, consented not to use the Red Cross, -but to substitute in its place the Hospital or Green Cross on the tags -and thereby earned a rich and well-deserved harvest. The resolutions -passed by the American Hospital Association reads as follows: - -WHEREAS, by the terms of the Treaty of Geneva, 1864, and the revised -Treaty of Geneva, 1906, the emblem of the Greek Red Cross on a white -ground, and the words Red Cross or Geneva Cross, were adopted to -designate the personnel and material of the medical departments of the -military and naval forces and of the recognized volunteer aid societies -in time of war, for the humane purpose of rendering them immune from -attack or capture; and, - -WHEREAS, the United States, as well as all other civilized powers, is a -signatory to said treaties; and, - -WHEREAS, the use of the Red Cross insignia by hospitals, ambulances, -municipal health departments and commercial houses, as trade marks and -otherwise, has become so general in this country as to materially and -seriously impair the usefulness of the emblem for the purposes for which -it was created and adopted; - -_Be it therefore Resolved_, That it is the sense of the American Hospital -Association that the use of the Geneva Red Cross in connection with -the hospitals and ambulances of the country, other than those of the -Army, Navy and Red Cross Society, should be discontinued and some other -insignia, to be known as the “Hospital Cross” adopted and substituted; -and, - -_Be it further Resolved_, That the adoption of this resolution be given -as wide publicity as practicable in the medical journals of the country. - - -CALIFORNIA. - -At the annual meeting of the California Red Cross, resolutions of -congratulations on his election as President of the United States were -passed and telegraphed to the Hon. William H. Taft, President of the -American Red Cross. Dr. G. H. Richardson, of the Army Medical Service, -spoke of the purpose of organizing in the Branch Relief Columns or a -California Legion of these columns. He said in part: - -“Let us at all times be prepared for the work that the Red Cross must do, -either in time of war, or during the periods of peace. The purpose of -the Red Cross is more far reaching than the general public have any idea -of, and we must have a trained body of men in readiness at all times. We -have had wars, and they have found us only partly prepared. The disasters -throughout the country and the delays that have ensued would not have -occurred if we had had a trained force of men to take the field at once. -We should have our nurses where they can be reached at any moment, no -matter what the call for their services may be. - -“Let us have an instructed body which will be able to cope with anything -that may arise.” - -Report of formation of detachments of the Grand Legion of the Red Cross -in California. (Revised to Dec. 1st.) - -The State Field Agent of the California Branch, working in connection -with Dr. W. S. Thorne, the Medical Director of the Legion, and assisted -by the Secretary of the Legion, has begun his official work of Legion -formation. Although the work has been begun without a Board of -Administrative Affairs that body will be formed immediately and what has -been accomplished submitted to its authority and approval. It is believed -this work will strengthen reflexly the California Branch, which has -languished somewhat for want of something to do. - -The work has been undertaken in the universal, international, and -creedless spirit of the Red Cross. The organizations already in line -and to whom lectures will be given the first week in December are the -Sailors Union, the Masters, Mates and Pilots, the Columbia Park Boy’s -Club, and the two (!) Chinese detachments of the Chinese Native Sons. The -detachments in process of formation are the California Grays, the Young -Men’s Hebrew Institute, the Telegraph Hill Neighborhood Association, the -First Unitarian Church young men and the Emporium, a large department -store. The League of the Cross, an efficient Roman Catholic semi-military -society, is also forming a detachment in place of its hospital corps. - -The First Aid and Relief Column is popular with Jew and Gentile, Buddhist -and Confucian, Catholic and Protestant. Truly we have an International -Red Cross in miniature in San Francisco. It broadens and enlarges one’s -humanity to talk to them. - -At one time it is the bluff, dominating toiler of the sea, jealous of -his authority even over his medicine chest, which in inexperienced hands -ignorant of First Aid, is a dangerous expedient at best. Often not a -single man in the ship’s company knows the properties of the medicines. -In England every master, mate and second mate must pass in First Aid -before he gets his license. - -At another it is the Chinese Native Son’s silent, dignified, slow to -smile, yet courteous, listening to the interpreter with unfathomable -receptivity. - -Again the Japanese, restless, inquiring, keen, proud of Nippon, eager, -even greedy to learn. - -Then the Jewish young man, reliable, loyal to liberty, patriotic as the -Spanish-American war proved. The Labor Unions are interested, and we -believe the idea will prove rational in the Police and Fire Department -and public schools. - -Much educational propaganda is needed. There is much potential sympathy -which needs only to be cultivated. The Legion will naturally in time -become interested in great health movements through its lectures and by -its co-ordinated strength really become a force for national health. - - Respectfully submitted, - - WM. LATHROP McCLURE, - Secretary Grand Legion of Red Cross, California Branch. - - -DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. - -At the annual meeting of the District Branch, Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell, -the National Director, spoke on the Michigan Forest Fire Relief, and Dr. -P. G. Smith on the Washington Red Cross Day Camp. An appropriation was -voted to provide a copy of the Red Cross Text Book on First Aid to each -fire and police station in the city of Washington. Plans were discussed -in regard to the organizing and training of Red Cross Relief Column of -young men, who at the time of public functions will go on active duty. -This column would at the time of the Inauguration be supplemented by -relief stations with Red Cross doctors and nurses in attendance. During -the year the District Branch had raised funds and supplies for several -disaster reliefs. It also provided courses in First Aid for men and in -Home Nursing for women. It built and maintained a Red Cross Day Camp for -Consumptives. - -A box of magazines was sent to Fort Shafter, Honolulu and the following -letter was received in acknowledgment of the same: - - “I take pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of a box of - magazines, weighing 186 pounds, and beg to assure you that the - reading matter is very much appreciated and will be used for - the benefit of the sick. Thanking you, I am very respectfully, - - “RICHARD A. WOOD, - “Sergeant First-Class, Hospital Corps.” - -The same officers were re-elected except the Treasurer, Mr. H. S. -Reeside, being elected for this position. Mr. Arnold Hague, Mrs. J. Ellen -Foster and General Henry G. Sharpe were elected delegates to the national -meeting. - -The District Branch continues to send monthly to various army posts and -stations large quantities of magazines and other periodicals. - - -KANSAS. - -During the year the Kansas Branch reached a membership of 104, this -membership being largely in Topeka. - -At the time of the State fair and Regular Army encampment, immediately -following, the Branch maintained a hospital relief tent at the fair -grounds in charge of Mr. Kilmaurs W. King; second Vice-President; -Christ’s Hospital generously provided the tent; also the physicians, -Doctors Kiene and Bowen, who made daily visits and the nurses who -interchanged regularly and furnished much of the equipment. About fifty -cases were taken care of in this Red Cross Emergency Hospital. - -The Branch has also undertaken to assist in the crusade against -tuberculosis. The following State officers were elected November 21st.: -President, Governor E. W. Hoch; Vice-Presidents, P. H. Coney, K. W. King, -Rev. Dr. C. M. Sheldon; Secretary, Mrs. B. B. Smyth; Treasurer, John R. -Mulvane; Delegates to the National Meeting, Hon. D. R. Anthony and Hon. -Charles F. Scott - - -MASSACHUSETTS. - -At the annual meeting of the Massachusetts Branch, the following officers -were elected: President, Dr. Herbert L. Burrell; Vice-Presidents, Hon. -W. Murray Crane, Dr. Henry P. Walcott, Hon. Charles C. Washburn, Justice -W. C. Loring, Dr. Arthur T. Cabot and Dr. J. F. A. Adams; Executive -Committee, Lieutenant Governor Eben S. Draper, Most Rev. W. H. O’Connell, -Dr. Alfreda B. Withington, Gardiner M. Lane, Katherine P. Loring; -Treasurer, Gardiner M. Lane; Secretary, Katherine P. Loring; Directors, -Mrs. Zenas Crane, General Francis H. Appleton, Dr. Homer Gage, George -D. Pratt, Dr. Cheever, Richard Saltonstall; Delegates to the National -Convention in Washington, Miss Amy Alexander, Mrs. W. Murray Crane. - -The Stamp Committee, under the chairmanship of Mr. Walter E. Kreusi, has -done very active work. The Berkshire and Hampton County Divisions have -both interested themselves in the sale of the stamp for their local -tuberculosis work. The latter Division at its annual meeting elected the -following officers: President, George Dwight Pratt; Vice-Presidents, -Richard Hooker, Miss Harriet Bacon, of Longmeadow, and Mrs. Charles -Blaisdell, of Chicopee; Treasurer, Ralph P. Alden; Secretary, Miss Amy B. -Alexander. - -At the same meeting the Division voted to make an appropriation from -its local treasury of $50 towards the salary of a visiting nurse for -tuberculosis cases. - - -OHIO. - -The Cleveland Division, by far the most active in the State, at its -annual meeting appointed a most active and capable stamp committee -of which Mr. R. L. Ireland was chairman, and a First Aid Instruction -Committee of which Dr. Crile is chairman for the providing of First Aid -Courses to the police of the city. The Division ordered a number of the -First Aid Text Books for the use of these classes. - - -RHODE ISLAND. - -At the annual meeting of the Rhode Island Branch the following officers -were elected: President, John C. Pegram; Vice-President, Bishop William -N. McVickar; Secretary, Prof. George Grafton Wilson; Treasurer, -Edward Aborn Greene; Executive Committee, President John C. Pegram -and Governor-elect Aram J. Pothier as ex-officio members, and Dr. J. -M. Peters, Dr. G. Alder Blumer and William P. Sheffield; Delegates to -National Red Cross, Senator George Peabody Wetmore and President John C. -Pegram; Alternates, Congressmen Adin B. Capron and D. L. D. Granger. - -In a portion of his address the President, Mr. Pegram, said: - -“The obduracy of this generous American people to the appeals of this -national and international charity for substantial, for adequate -support, is incomprehensible. The merits of the plan under the immediate -supervision of the War Department are so plain, the means of acquiring -membership and thus helping the cause are so easy (any man, woman or -child in America may become an annual member by the payment of one dollar -yearly) that it seems incredible that a people who in one small city in -one day—‘Tag Day’—should contribute between $16,000 and $17,000 to a -local charity, should not long ago have enrolled themselves universally -throughout the country as members of this noble institution. I cannot but -believe that the day must soon come when it will seem as natural to pay -the small annual due of the Red Cross as to pay a poll or a registry tax -to qualify a voter—God speed that day.” - - -SOUTH CAROLINA. - -The South Carolina Branch held its annual meeting on November 25th at -which its president, Mr. A. C. Kaufman, read an interesting report on -the work for the relief of the flood sufferers, which report is given -elsewhere in this BULLETIN. - -Mr. A. C. Kaufman was again chosen president of the South Carolina Red -Cross, Mr. John B. Reeves was elected treasurer, and Mr. A. W. Litschgi -was elected secretary to succeed Mr. George Hoyt Smith, resigned. The -following is the executive committee, which was yesterday elected: Henry -P. Archer, Charleston; John F. Bennett, Charleston; the Rev. A. J. S. -Thomas, D. D., Greenville; Julius D. Koster, A. W. Litschgi, Charleston; -B. M. Lebby, M. D. Sumter. - -The delegates elected to the annual meeting of the National Red Cross -are: Governor M. F. Ansel, Capt. Henry Buist, Jr., and Col. G. G. -Greenough, U. S. A. - - -TEXAS. - -Miss Nellie Chapman and Miss Annie Swinskey, enrolled Red Cross nurses, -have taken an active part in the Texas Branch Red Cross work ever since -this Branch was organized. They are both most popular and efficient -nurses, receiving calls from the doctors all over the State to take -charge of difficult cases, but busy as both of these nurses are, they are -both so loyal to the Texas Branch that unselfishly, for it means a large -pecuniary loss, they have always been ready and willing to work actively -for the good of humanity and the upbuilding of the Red Cross whenever -needed. They again had charge of the Red Cross Emergency Hospital during -the State fair in October. This hospital was thoroughly equipped with the -latest surgical appliances, wards for men and women and reception and -rest room. The Red Cross during these fairs has been a popular feature, -and all of the leading doctors take great pride in it and willingly give -their services when required. - -[Illustration: MISS ANNIE SWINSKEY, MISS NELLIE CHAPMAN, IN CHARGE OF RED -CROSS HOSPITAL AT TEXAS STATE FAIR.] - - -ARGENTINE. - -The Argentine Red Cross, though only lately organized, shows in its -report of funds and value of property some $36,000. The Society receives -from Congress an appropriation of $40 a month, and this will probably be -increased. One of the members of its Central Committee belongs to the -Senate and another is President of the House of Representatives, and both -have shown much interest in the Society. A committee of women has been -created whose duty it is to instruct the public in simple hygenic laws. - - -CANADA. - -The Secretary of the American Red Cross received lately the following -letter: - - Toronto, October, 26th, 1908. - - Dear Sir: - - As the Council of the Canadian Red Cross Society is considering - the matter of reorganizing, I would thank you very much if - you would kindly furnish us with about twenty copies of the - Constitution of your Society in order that I may send one to - each of the members of the Council, as personally I feel that - the Canadian Society should be run upon lines somewhat similar - to our sister Society in the United States. I would also thank - you if you would kindly send me a set of the BULLETINS that I - may have them bound and kept on file in this office. Thanking - you in anticipation of an early and favorable reply, believe me, - - Yours very sincerely, - - CHAS. A. HODGETH, M. D., - Major A. M. C. - Honorary President of the Canadian Red Cross Society. - -The desired literature was promptly and gladly sent. The American Red -Cross feels naturally a strong bond of sympathy with that of the Society -of so close a neighbor as Canada. - - -FRANCE. - -In recognition of the services of M. De Valence, representative of -the French Red Cross in Morocco, the President of the French Republic -has conferred upon him the cross of Knight of the Legion of Honor. -The Society has granted diplomas to 3,294 women, who have received -instructions in nursing at its dispensary schools. At the Chateau of -Amboise, now the Hospital of Enghien and Orleans, fifteen beds for -convalescent soldiers and sailors have been placed at the disposition of -the Society by the Duke de Chartres. - - -GERMANY. - -The first International Life Saving Congress was held at Frankfort, -Germany, in June, 1908. The Red Cross department was devoted to reports, -practical demonstrations of life saving by its Relief Columns. These -columns in Germany have a trained membership of 53,300 men, who during -1907 rendered first aid in 91,701 cases. - - -GREAT BRITAIN. - -The British Red Cross has devoted much time to the forming of committees -whose duty it is to arrange for the creation of temporary hospitals in -time of war. - - -ITALY. - -The funds and value of the Italian Red Cross Society amount to over -a million and a half dollars. The active personnel of the Society is -permitted to take part in the regular army manoeuvres. - - -JAPAN. - -In a letter lately received from Baron Ozawa, Vice-President of the -Japanese Red Cross, he says: - -“Ever since my return to Japan, our institute has been trying to enlarge -its scope by establishing the Red Cross Hospitals in the Empire, which -today number ten altogether. In fact, my idea is to encourage our -members, numbering to this date over 1,400,000, to render their service -in time of peace for all kinds of charity work.” - -During the late war the Russian Red Cross dispensed nearly seventeen -million dollars and at the end was left with a war reserve fund of some -six million dollars. The Society provided hospital ships and trains, -reserve and field hospital besides a large personnel and great quantities -of supplies. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN RED CROSS BULLETIN -(VOL. IV, NO. 1) *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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