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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The American Red Cross Bulletin (Vol. IV, No. 1)</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: The American Red Cross</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: June 14, 2022 [eBook #68310]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN RED CROSS BULLETIN (VOL. IV, NO. 1) ***</div> - -<h1>The American Red Cross Bulletin (Vol. IV, No. 1)</h1> - -<div class="figcenter illowp46" id="cover" style="max-width: 100em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="titlepage">VOL. IV. <span class="spacer">JANUARY, 1909.</span> No. 1.</p> - -<p class="titlepage larger">BULLETIN</p> - -<p class="titlepage smaller">PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY</p> - -<p class="center larger gothic">The American<br /> -Red Cross</p> - -<p class="center">WASHINGTON, D. C.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp75" id="publogo" style="max-width: 12.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/publogo.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="titlepage gothic">National Headquarters<br /> -Room 341, State, War and Navy Building<br /> -Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p class="titlepage smaller">Entered at the Post Office, Washington, D. C., as second-class matter</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[1]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus01.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Note.—Red Crosses Indicate States and Possessions in -Which Branch Societies Have Been Organized.</span></p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter box"> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CONTENTS</h2> - -<table id="contents"> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdpg">PAGE</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Preface</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PREFACE">3</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>William Howard Taft (with Portrait)</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#WILLIAM_HOWARD_TAFT">4</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Robert W. de Forest (with Portrait)</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#ROBERT_W_de_FOREST">6</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The Forest Fire Disasters (illustrated)</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#THE_FOREST_FIRE_DISASTERS">7</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">By Ernest P. Bicknell.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Report of Michigan Branch</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#REPORT_OF_FOREST_FIRE_RELIEF_WORK">15</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">By Ralph M. Dyar.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>South Carolina Flood Relief (illustrated)</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#SOUTH_CAROLINA_FLOOD_RELIEF">15</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">By A. C. Kaufman.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Report of Investigation in the Flooded Districts of South Carolina (illustrated)</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#REPORT_OF_INVESTIGATION_IN_FLOODED_DISTRICTS_OF_SOUTH_CAROLINA">20</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">By Janet E. Kemp.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>A Short Sketch of the Russian Red Cross (illustrated)</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#A_SHORT_SKETCH_OF_THE_RUSSIAN_RED_CROSS">27</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">By J. de Thal.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The Christmas Stamp</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#THE_CHRISTMAS_STAMP">32</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The Story of the Red Cross (with Portrait)</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#THE_STORY_OF_THE_RED_CROSS">34</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Report of Chairman of the Central Committee</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#REPORT_OF_CHAIRMAN_OF_THE_CENTRAL_COMMITTEE">36</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Major General George B. Davis, U. S. A.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Report of the Treasurer</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#REPORT_OF_THE_TREASURER">40</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Beekman Winthrop.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fourth Annual Red Cross Meeting</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#FOURTH_ANNUAL_MEETING_OF_THE_RED_CROSS">43</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Red Cross Endowment Fund</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#RED_CROSS_ENDOWMENT_FUND">44</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Red Cross First-Aid Text-Book</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#RED_CROSS_FIRST-AID_TEXT-BOOK">45</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">By William E. Curtis.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>First-Aid Instructions to Merchant Marine</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#FIRST_AID_INSTRUCTIONS_TO_MERCHANT_MARINE">46</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">By 1st Lieutenant G. H. Richardson, M. R. C., U. S. A.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The Red Cross and Esperanto</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#THE_RED_CROSS_AND_ESPERANTO">48</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">By Major P.S. Straub, U.S.A., Medical Corps.</td> - <td class="tdpg"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Notes</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#NOTES">49</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">THE AMERICAN RED CROSS</h2> - -</div> - -<h3>Officers</h3> - -<p class="center"><i>President</i>,<br /> -HON. WILLIAM H. TAFT.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Treasurer</i>,<br /> -HON. BEEKMAN WINTHROP.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Counselor</i>,<br /> -HON. HENRY M. HOYT.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Secretary</i>,<br /> -CHARLES L. MAGEE.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Chairman of Central Committee</i>,<br /> -MAJOR-GENERAL GEO. W. DAVIS, U. S. A. (Ret.)</p> - -<p class="center"><i>National Director</i>,<br /> -ERNEST P. BICKNELL.</p> - -<h3>Board of Consultation</h3> - -<p class="center">BRIGADIER-GENERAL ROBERT M. O’REILLY,<br /> -Surgeon-General, U. S. Army.</p> - -<p class="center">REAR ADMIRAL PRESLEY M. RIXEY,<br /> -Surgeon-General, U. S. Navy.</p> - -<p class="center">SURGEON-GENERAL WALTER WYMAN,<br /> -U. S. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service.</p> - -<h3>Central Committee 1908-1909</h3> - -<div class="hanging"> - -<p>Major-General <span class="smcap">George W. Davis</span>, U. S. A. (ret.), <i>Chairman</i>.</p> - -<p>Brigadier-General <span class="smcap">Robert M. O’Reilly</span>, Surgeon-General, U. S. Army, War Department, -Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p>Hon. <span class="smcap">Robert Bacon</span>, Assistant Secretary of State, Department of State, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p>Hon. <span class="smcap">Beekman Winthrop</span>, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, U. S. Treasury Dept., Washington, -D. C.</p> - -<p>Medical Director <span class="smcap">John C. Wise</span>, U. S. N., Navy Department, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p>Hon. <span class="smcap">Henry M. Hoyt</span>, Solicitor-General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p>President <span class="smcap">Benjamin Ide Wheeler</span>, University of California.</p> - -<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">John M. Glenn</span>, 105 East 22d street, New York, N. Y.</p> - -<p>Miss <span class="smcap">Mabel T. Boardman</span>, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p>Hon. <span class="smcap">James R. Garfield</span>, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p>Hon. <span class="smcap">A. C. Kaufman</span>, Charleston, S. C.</p> - -<p>Hon. <span class="smcap">H. Kirke Porter</span>, 1600 I street, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">John C. Pegram</span>, Providence, R. I.</p> - -<p>General <span class="smcap">Charles Bird</span>, U. S. A., Wilmington, Del.</p> - -<p>Col. <span class="smcap">William Cary Sanger</span>, Sangerfield, N. Y.</p> - -<p>Judge <span class="smcap">Lambert Tree</span>, 70 La Salle street, Chicago, Ill.</p> - -<p>Hon. <span class="smcap">James Tanner</span>, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">W. W. Farnam</span>, New Haven, Conn.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="PREFACE">PREFACE</h2> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">With its January issue the <span class="smcap">Red Cross Bulletin</span> begins its fourth year. -The fact that it is becoming of more general interest has led those in -charge of the publication to increase its size that it may conform -more to the appearance of other magazines. A new cover, symbolical of -Red Cross work, will be provided for the April issue. As the expense of -publishing the <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span> has been a heavy drain upon the limited income -of the Society, it has also been decided to accept advertisements, so that -the <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span> may in part pay for itself.</p> - -<p>That, though elected President of the United States, Mr. Taft consented -to be re-elected President of the American Red Cross is a fact upon -which the Society is to be not only heartily congratulated, but for which -it is most deeply grateful; that, while assuming the great duties and -responsibilities of the highest office in the government, Mr. Taft still -desires to associate himself in an active way with the American Red Cross -is but another proof of his constant desire to be of service to his country -and also testifies to his belief in the usefulness of the Society. The Red -Cross has also been most fortunate in obtaining the consent of Mr. Robert -W. de Forest to act as the Vice-President.</p> - -<p>This issue contains reports and illustrations of the last two fields of -Red Cross relief. A short sketch of the Russian Red Cross has kindly -been prepared by a member of the Russian Embassy in Washington.</p> - -<p>The complete story of the Red Cross Christmas stamp can be told -only in the April <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span>. Its remarkable success is a great satisfaction.</p> - -<p>We trust our members will read the officer’s reports, the articles on -the Endowment Fund and the First-Aid Text-Books. The next problem -that our National Society has to meet, and must meet successfully, for it is -still young enough to have no such word as “Fail” in its lexicon, is the -raising of such an Endowment Fund as will put our Society on a permanent -basis and make it the equal of the great societies of the other -countries of the world.</p> - -<p>The First-Aid Text-Book cannot be too highly commended. We -know too little what to do in case of accidents. When statistics show that -one person out of every seven of the inhabitants of the United States is -injured annually, and that in New York alone during the last three years -the annual average of accidents on the surface, elevated and subway traction -system has been 34,000, the necessity of the valuable information and -instruction this book contains should be realized by everyone. Mr. William -E. Curtis has kindly written for the <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span> a review of the Text-Book, -and a further notice in regard to it is contained in the advertising -department.</p> - -<p>Just as the <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span> goes to press the Executive Committee learned, -through press reports and official channels, of the occurrence of an earthquake -in Southern Italy of unprecedented severity, and started its relief machinery -into motion by telegraphing the Red Cross Branches and the Governors of -several States, requesting that an appeal be issued and contributions received -for the relief of the sufferers. Reports of the work of relief and a financial -statement will be printed in the April <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span></p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp53" id="WILLIAM_HOWARD_TAFT" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus02.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Hon. William Howard Taft, -President of the American Red Cross, -President of the United States, March 4, 1909.</span></p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak">WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT</h2> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">On February 8th, 1905, on call of the Secretary of War, the Incorporators -of the re-incorporated American National Red Cross held their first -meeting for re-organization in the diplomatic reception room of the -State Department. At this meeting William Howard Taft was elected -the first president of the re-organized Society. At each of the four subsequent -annual meetings Mr. Taft has presided, save in 1907, when absence -in the Philippines prevented his attendance, and at each of those meetings -has been re-elected president.</p> - -<p>The active duties of the Society are delegated by its Charter to a -Central Committee, the Chairman being appointed by the President of the -United States; therefore, the duties devolving upon the President of the -Society are supposedly of an honorary nature, but with a man of Mr. Taft’s -character, duty becomes honorable rather than honorary.</p> - -<p>Shortly after its re-organization and while in its very infancy, there -came upon the Society the storm and stress of the San Francisco disaster. -A great pressure of work fell also upon the War Department, but in spite -of this, and, though no by-law required his presence, Mr. Taft came to the -meetings of the Executive Committee, listened to the reports, counseled and -advised, and by his wisdom and clear judgment brought order and result -out of confusion and indecision. Whenever and however he could be of -help, he has given his assistance gladly, and only those who have struggled -through the problems of its re-organization can know the pillar of strength -he has been to the American Red Cross.</p> - -<p>Since Mr. Taft’s nomination and election to the Presidency of the United -States, so much has been written of his life and his achievements, it has not -seemed necessary to repeat it here. The people of this country have set -the seal of their approval upon the labors of his past. The wonderful -fidelity of his work for the far-away Philippines has led his country-men to -paraphrase scripture—“Thou hast been faithful over a few people; I will -make thee ruler over many people.”</p> - -<p>In spite of the great and many new duties that the Presidency of the -United States will bring upon Mr. Taft, he consented again to be elected -president of the American Red Cross. Moreover, he declined an election -to honorary membership, saying that he desired to consider himself an -active member of the Society. In thus continuing as president of the Red -Cross, the official organization for volunteer aid, Mr. Taft, who as President, -becomes Chief of the Army and Navy, will be able to bring into -close association these departments and the Red Cross, so that in case of -the misfortune of war or of great calamities, harmonious and systematic -relief work will result.</p> - -<p>With such a man for President as William Howard Taft, the American -Red Cross must live up to the thought he has, himself, expressed:</p> - -<p>“I say to you that there are rewards that are unknown to him who -seeks only what he regards as the substantial ones. The best of all is the -pure joy of service—to do things that are worth doing, to be in the thick -of it; ah! That is to live!”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span></p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp53" id="ROBERT_W_de_FOREST" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus03.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Robert W. de Forest, -Vice-President of the American Red Cross.</span></p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak">ROBERT W. de FOREST</h2> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The Red Cross has been most fortunate in the acceptance of its Vice-Presidency -by Mr. Robert W. de Forest, of New York City. There -are few residents of that city so widely known for their philanthropic -and public spirit and work as Mr. de Forest.</p> - -<p>Mr. de Forest is a graduate of Yale, a lawyer by profession, having -received his LL. B. from Columbia, and having also studied at Bonn -University. In 1904 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by -Yale University. Since 1874 he has been counsel, and since 1902 Vice-President, -of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. For twenty years he -has been President of the Charity Organization of New York City; he was -a founder and first president of the Provident Loan Society, the first -philanthropic pawn-broker, the Chairman of the Tenement House Commission -of New York State in 1900, trustee and secretary of the Metropolitan -Art Museum, manager of the Presbyterian Hospital, a trustee -and director in various business institutions, was the first Tenement House -Commissioner of New York City, the President of the National Conference -of Charities and Correction in 1903, President of the Municipal Art Commission -of New York in 1905, and is Vice-President and Chairman of the -Executive Committee of the Sage Foundation.</p> - -<p>This brief statement of the important positions Mr. de Forest has -occupied, or does occupy, is strongly indicative of the character and ability -of the man, and the Red Cross is heartily to be congratulated not -only upon its President, but upon its second officer, the Vice-President of -the Society.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_FOREST_FIRE_DISASTERS">THE FOREST FIRE DISASTERS</h2> - -<p class="author">BY ERNEST P. BICKNELL</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>All the country knows of the forest fires which caused loss of life and -property in Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York and other States, -in September and October, 1908. It has been estimated that the losses to -property amounted to $50,000,000, most of which lay in the destruction of -forests, of which thousands of square miles were swept by fire.</i></p> - -<p><i>In their progress the fires destroyed several towns and villages and many -farm houses. Chisholm, Minnesota, a town of probably 5,000 population, -seventy-five miles north of Duluth, was destroyed in an hour. At 5:30 o’clock -in the afternoon of September 6, a sudden shift of wind deluged the place in -a moment with an overwhelming rain of burning leaves and embers. Almost -every building in the town took fire at once. The surprised and panic-stricken -people could do nothing but seize a few valuables and run for their lives. -When the fire died out it was found that only sixty-five structures of any kind -remained standing, but that not a life had been lost. Prompt relief measures -were taken, with a state commission in charge. A relief fund of about $130,000 -was contributed. Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell, National Director of the Red Cross, -visited Chisholm and inspected the progress and methods of relief October -13 to 16, and reported that the methods were good and that normal conditions -were being restored rapidly. Hundreds of men were employed in rebuilding -the town and houses were going up like magic. Eighty-seven cottages have -been built by the relief committee. Employment in the iron mines surrounding -the town was not interrupted by the fire. This fact greatly simplified the -work of relief, as the usual income of that part of the population least able -to endure loss, was preserved.</i></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus04.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Michigan Forest Fires—Some of the Homeless.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span></p> - -<p><i>While in Duluth on October 16, the National Director of the Red Cross -learned of a disastrous forest fire, which had occurred in the northern part -of the southern peninsula of Michigan on the preceding day. He hurried to -the scene, reaching there on the 17th, and for two weeks devoted his time to -the work of relief in that State. Following are extracts from the report of -the National Director covering this work:</i>—<span class="smcap">Editor.</span></p> - -<p class="dropcap">“The summer and fall had been excessively dry here, as elsewhere, and -there had been little wind. Farmers had been clearing up their lands, -burning logs and stumps and accumulated rubbish, as is their custom -at the end of the summer. In thousands of places fire was smouldering in log -heaps, and in the roots of stumps and in the peaty soil which, when dry, -will burn without flame and with little smoke until extinguished by rain.</p> - -<p>“Early in the afternoon of October 15, a strong wind from the southwest -sprang up and almost in a moment these smouldering fires burst into -flames. The effect was as though the entire country had taken fire at once. -The wind, whose velocity is estimated to have been fifty miles an hour, -carried a vast wave of flame which destroyed everything combustible in -its path. Several men whose homes were destroyed assured me, with -entire seriousness, that the air was on fire. The area damaged extends -approximately seventy-five miles along the northeastern shore of the lower -peninsula and reaches back inland from fifteen to twenty-five miles. The -center and worst of the fire covered an area perhaps twenty-five miles long -and ten miles wide. Within this smaller area were the villages of Metz, -Posen and Bolton, surrounded by an agricultural country occupied by -Polish and German families in moderate circumstances. The Detroit and -Mackinac Railroad passes through this district and each of the villages -named is upon the line of the road.</p> - -<p>“The village of Metz was completely destroyed, not a structure of any -character remaining. The village of Bolton was also completely destroyed -with the exception of a small church. Posen was saved by a desperate -fight. The open farming country offered little hindrance to the progress -of the fire, which in many instances leaped across treeless spaces of a -quarter of a mile or more, destroying all buildings and fences between. -The number of homes destroyed in an area ten miles square was 177. The -number of persons made homeless and temporarily destitute by the fire -in an area twenty-five miles long and ten miles wide was about 2,000.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus05.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Ruins of Chisholm.</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus06.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">One of the Shacks Constructed by Relief Committee.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>“When the people of Metz, early in the afternoon of October 15, -realized that the village was in danger, they telegraphed to the railroad -company for a relief train to carry the women and children to safety. At -2:30 P. M. an engine arrived with a steel gondola car—a steel box with -solid walls about four feet high and without roof. The danger did not -appear immediate when the train arrived and the people delayed to gather -up their more valuable portable property and load it into the car. The -trainmen urged haste, but the people were determined, and hours passed. -At 5:30 P. M. the train started with about forty-five women and children -huddled in the open car. Four trainmen were on board and a farmer and -his wife, who were trying to reach home where their children had been -left earlier in the day. Two miles from Metz a line of box cars stood on -a siding close to the main track. On the opposite side of the track was a -huge pile of cross ties awaiting shipment. Both box cars and cross ties<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> -were burning. The heat had warped the rails of the main track, but the -dense blanket of smoke prevented the engineer from seeing what had happened. -The train dashed into the furnace between the burning cars and -the burning cross ties and was wrecked. Seventeen of those on board -were burned to death. The fireman and brakeman and the farmer were -among the killed. The rest were women and children. Those who -escaped clambered over the sides of the car and crawled along the ground -to an open place where they lay on their faces several hours until the fire -had subsided. The wreck occurred within fifty feet of the home of the -farmer. The farmer’s wife escaped from the train and reached the burning -house. She rushed in, in search of her children, and her bones were found -later among the ashes. The three children, the oldest nine, had fled to a -neighbor’s house near by and were saved. Many who escaped from the -train were terribly burned.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp87" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus07.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Refugees at Posen.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>“The men of Metz, who remained to fight the fire, escaped without loss -of life. One of these men told me of his escape. He threw some small -valuables into a large wooden candy pail and started to run along the road -through the woods. Presently his hair began to burn and his face to -blister. He felt himself failing. He emptied the contents from the pail -and put it over his head. With this protection he managed to crawl along -the road to a field and escaped, with clothing on fire and many injuries.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span></p> - -<p>“After driving about the region a few hours, in order to gain an adequate -idea of the extent of the loss, I took a train for Detroit for the purpose -of conferring with officers of the State Branch of the Red Cross, concerning -relief measures. Some relief supplies were already arriving, contributed -by the people of the City of Alpena, twenty-five miles to the east, -and hurried in by the railroad company. I found Detroit awakened to the -situation. Mr. Emory W. Clark, treasurer of the State Branch, and Mr. -Ralph M. Dyar, secretary, had been in conference the morning of my -arrival. Mr. Clark took me to call upon the Mayor, who requested me to -attend a meeting of business men, which he had called to assemble in his -office at noon. The result of the meeting was the appointment of a relief -committee. Mr. Clark was made the Red Cross representative upon this -committee. The committee appointed Mr. J. D. Hawks, president of the -Detroit and Mackinac Railroad, its representative in the field and requested -me to return to the fire district with him to help organize and direct the -work of relief. It was arranged that we should start to Metz that same -evening.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp95" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus08.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Only Building Left in Bolton.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>“In the afternoon, this being October 19, the Red Cross opened a large -downtown room for the reception of clothing intended for the fire sufferers. -Mrs. R. McD. Campau, an active and enthusiastic member of the Red -Cross, took charge of the supply depot and plenty of volunteers joined her -staff. The afternoon papers announced the arrangement conspicuously -and before night supplies began coming in. In a week so much clothing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -had been received that the supply room was closed and the public requested -to send no more.</p> - -<p>“In the fire district three relief stations were opened at Metz, Posen -and Alpena. The Alpena relief committee, which was extremely active -and efficient, had charge of the relief station in that city. A committee of -women managed the clothing distribution, while the men’s committee -handled other supplies, including hay for live stock. At Posen the railroad -company gave the use of its freight house for relief headquarters. -At Metz the railroad company placed freight cars upon a siding for relief -supplies. The company also gave the services of a number of its capable -officers for the work of relief. For example: President Hawks, of the railroad -company, not only gave substantially all of his own time, but detailed -the General Superintendent of the road, the Chief Engineer, the District -Passenger and Freight Agent, and other men of proved ability. The railroad -company also facilitated in every possible way the shipment of -supplies of all kinds and put into service a daily relief train which transferred -supplies as required from one relief station to another, carried the -relief workers back and forth, etc.</p> - -<p>“As the climate of northern Michigan is severe, and winter was close -at hand, the providing of shelter was of immediate urgency. Mr. Waterman, -the chief engineer of the railroad, designed a ‘shack’ which could be -built quickly and cheaply and the work of housing the homeless, who in -the meantime were crowded with almost incredible congestion into the -homes of their more fortunate neighbors, began promptly and went forward -with the utmost speed. The ‘shack’ consisted of unplaned lumber, -long, upright boards forming the walls, rough boards forming the roof and -floor, and the entire exterior of the structure covered with tar building -paper. Each ‘shack’ was 14 by 16 feet and contained three small rooms. -About twenty carpenters were gathered up along the line of the railroad -and brought into the relief work. The plan of procedure was for the -farmer to receive the lumber, paper, windows, hardware, etc., for a ‘shack’ -and haul it to his farm. Then one carpenter would be sent to the place -to direct operations and with the farmer and his neighbors helping, the -‘shack’ would be quickly completed. If two or three ‘shacks’ were to be -in a group, one carpenter could supervise all at once.</p> - -<p>“On October 29, exactly two weeks after the fire, thirty-eight ‘shacks’ -were completed and occupied on the sites of burned homes and twenty-four -‘shacks’ going up. It was estimated that about 150 ‘shacks’ would have -to be provided by the relief committee and almost as many more for -horses and other domestic animals. These ‘shacks’ cost, complete, only -$50 each.</p> - -<p>“On October 24, Governor Warner announced the appointment of a -State Relief Commission. It was composed of seven men, including Mr. -Emory W. Clark as a representative of the Red Cross. It also included -Mr. J. D. Hawks, president of the Detroit and Mackinac railroad. The -Commission met on October 26, and elected Mr. Frank Buel, a prominent -lumberman of Bay City, chairman, and Mr. B. M. Wynkoop, manager of -the Bay City Times, secretary. The State Commission requested me to -meet with it on October 30, and visit the fire district. This I did, and after -a day with the members, became satisfied that they were men of affairs -and that they had accepted appointment on the Commission for no purpose -other than a sincere desire to serve the State. At this meeting it was -decided to take over the relief work and put it upon a permanent basis -with men in charge who would be paid for their services, but continuing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -substantially the same methods of administration then in use. As superintendent, -the Commission employed Mr. F. E. Merrill, who had had a -responsible position in the relief work from the beginning, and who was -given leave of absence by the railroad company for the purpose.</p> - -<p>“From two sources should come help which will materially lighten the -burden of relief.</p> - -<p>“First, from insurance. The total insurance upon the property burned -was $149,000. Of this amount $95,000 was upon village property and -$54,000 on farm property.</p> - -<p>“Second, from the sale of lumber and from wages in lumbering -operations. The trees which were killed by the fire will produce good -lumber if sawed this winter, but if they remain longer they become almost -valueless, except for fuel. Thus in order to save their lumber, the farmers -must get their burned trees to the mill this winter. That will mean unusual -activity in the woods. Those who own timber will realize some -income from its sale and those who do not own timber will find employment -with those who do.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus09.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Hut Constructed of Blankets—Only Shelter of Two Women.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>“The total amount of relief funds collected in the various cities -could not be accurately ascertained up to the time of my departure from -Michigan, November 1, but was approximately $50,000, including $5,000 -given through the State Branch of the Red Cross. This, with the contributions -of provisions, clothing, lumber, etc., it is hoped will be enough to -carry the work through to completion. In the event that it does not suffice -to purchase seed grain for the farmers next spring, it is believed a small -additional fund may be obtained by an appeal to the public, or perhaps -through an appropriation by the State Legislature.”</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="REPORT_OF_FOREST_FIRE_RELIEF_WORK">REPORT OF FOREST FIRE RELIEF WORK</h2> - -<p class="author">BY R. M. DYAR</p> - -<p class="center smaller">Secretary, Michigan Red Cross Branch</p> - -</div> - -<p class="right">November 11, 1908.</p> - -<p class="dropcap">Referring to the work done by the Michigan Branch of the American -National Red Cross towards raising funds and the handling of contributions -for the fire sufferers in northern Michigan, I beg to report -results accomplished as follows:</p> - -<p>Total amount of cash contributions received to date has been $4,432. -Regarding the handling of clothes, supplies, etc., I beg to give you herewith -a copy of the report presented by Mrs. R. McD. Campau, who had -charge of the receiving and forwarding of all supplies.</p> - -<p>“From October 19th to and including October 26th, a ‘Relief Station’ -was opened in the Owen Building, in a room donated for that purpose. -During that time many contributions of clothing, furniture and some money -were received. Many merchants contributed largely and also assisted in -collecting individual contributions, there being five hundred and seventy -requests by telephone to call for donations. It was impossible to keep -account of all these donations, as they came in in such quantities and -many had no names attached. Fifteen people worked every day during -the week from eight in the morning till five in the afternoon, opening -packages, sorting, packing, marking and shipping boxes. Each box was -marked with the contents. There being one hundred and sixteen in all, a -great deal of furniture and $210.75 sent from the Red Cross Relief Station -to the fire sufferers in northern Michigan.”</p> - -<p>I can report that a sufficient amount of clothing and other household -articles has been forwarded to the district to provide for the needs of all -the fire sufferers, and with the money raised by the Citizens’ Committee of -Detroit and other cities of the State, together with the amount raised by -the Michigan Branch of the Red Cross, sufficient food and fodder for the -cattle and horses can be provided to take care of all requirements up to -the middle of the winter. When the State Legislature meets they will, -no doubt, provide the extra funds that may be needed.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="SOUTH_CAROLINA_FLOOD_RELIEF">SOUTH CAROLINA FLOOD RELIEF</h2> - -<p class="author">BY A. C. KAUFMAN</p> - -<p class="center smaller">President of State Branch</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">About the end of last August, a flood more violent in its character -than any known to have visited these localities at any previous -period, swept down from the mountains of North Carolina, across -the Piedmont section of South Carolina, continuing with maddening rush -along the Congaree, Wateree and Pee Dee Rivers, overflowing vast tracts -of fertile lands in high cultivation. It laid waste completely these fruitful -fields—garden spots—smiling with luxuriant crops of cotton and corn, -wrecking comfortable homes of all their possessions—yes, their all indeed—the -property of a contented, happy and prosperous people.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus10.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Columbia Bridge at Time of Flood.</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus11.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Congaree River—Island Submerged.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span></p> - -<p>As soon as the extent of the disaster reached me, I immediately notified -the authorities at Washington and at once came a reply order, by -wire, to issue an appeal for help. This appeal was promptly issued as directed, -and contributions began to come in. With that noble spirit so -characteristic of the present management of the Red Cross, recognizing -the fact that instant assistance was needed, a message flashed by wire -from Washington, to draw upon the National body for three hundred dollars, -reached us, at the right time, and was used with marked effect. Following -this quickly came a check from Honorable William H. Taft for -one hundred dollars, forwarded to him from a prominent lady in New -York, to be devoted to this purpose. On September 11th another Red -Cross check for three hundred dollars was sent, and on October 17th -still another for one hundred dollars. These added to a check for fifty -dollars from Honorable Robert C. Ogden, of New York, made eight -hundred and fifty dollars contributed from sources outside the State. -Within the State $675.41 are credited, and of this $260.00 were the gift -of our colored fellow-citizens. The total amount, therefore, which our -Treasurer, John B. Reeves, has had in bank for this fund, as shown by -his books, is $1,525.41, reduced by payments to different committees to -$1,067.41. Credit must also be given to those who have sent in large donations -of wearing apparel, bed clothing, etc. These have been carefully -packed by active lady friends and shipped by Mr. W. E. Renneker, agent -of the Atlantic Coast Line, free of cost for distribution among the most -needy sufferers.</p> - -<p>Another act of your body which has won our encomium was to furnish, -at our request, an expert to visit the devastated sections and report thereon. -The lot most fortunately fell on Miss Janet E. Kemp, a lady of culture, -refinement and business experience. Her report will best tell you of the -pathetic scenes and incidents that she encountered on her journey of investigation. -Her visit partook of the nature of an angel of mercy, and -I was blessed in having such an assistant in the time of peril.</p> - -<p>The following graphic sketch taken from <i>The News and Courier</i>, of -Charleston, and <i>The State</i>, of Columbia, two leading and most influential -newspapers, giving an account of the conditions in the Congaree and -Wateree districts, may prove interesting to your readers:</p> - -<h3>THE CONGAREE AND WATEREE SECTION.</h3> - -<p>“After spending Sunday and Monday,” says <i>The News and Courier</i>, -in its issue of September 23rd, “in Columbia, whither he had gone to institute, -as closely as possible, an investigation into the condition of the -flood sufferers, together with making provision to supply their present -necessities, as well as to plan for their relief during the winter months, -Mr. A. C. Kaufman, President of the South Carolina Branch, Red Cross, -returned to Charleston yesterday. ‘I had an opportunity,’ he said to a reporter -last night, ‘during my visit to consult with white and colored men -from the afflicted section of the Congaree and Wateree Valley, both as to -the extent of their losses and the extremity of their condition. Theirs -was, indeed, a harrowing story, enough to make the heart bleed. Some -of the sufferers are unable from childhood, age or infirmity to labor in -any shape or manner. The only kind of work most of those, able to do -anything, can do is to pick cotton in the fields. In remuneration for this -labor they receive 50 cents a hundred pounds for the cotton which they -gather. This will enable them to eke out existence until the middle of -November, and then will gaunt poverty haunt them, labor of all kinds, -to which they are adapted, being then at an end. Then will come to them -starvation and death unless the humane people of South Carolina place<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span> -in the hands of the Red Cross, working in co-operation with the local -committee of Richland County, the means to save their lives.</p> - -<p>“‘A committee composed of three citizens of Columbia of the highest -character in connection with sub-committees, to be selected by them, have -agreed to handle the matter.</p> - -<p>“‘The following article from <i>The State</i>, of Columbia, will give a -fuller idea of the business-like manner in which the Red Cross and the -committee propose to handle the situation:’”</p> - -<p><i>The State</i>, of Tuesday, says:</p> - -<p>Col. A. C. Kaufman, of Charleston, the representative of the Red -Cross Society in this section, came to Columbia Saturday night and spent -Sunday and yesterday in the city, going over the ground in connection -with the Richland flood sufferers.</p> - -<p>As a direct result of this visit, a central committee has been formed -in Columbia, its members taking part upon the special request and designation -of Colonel Kaufman. This committee contains but three members—Captain -William E. Gonzales, Editor of <i>The State</i>, Chairman; Mr. -W. A. Clark, President of the Carolina National Bank, Treasurer, and -Mayor William S. Reamer, of Columbia.</p> - -<p>The duties of this committee will be to designate sub-committees -throughout the entire flooded district in Richland to secure an accurate -census of those persons who need assistance, to estimate the cost of relieving -distress until another crop can be procured and to receive and disburse -funds.</p> - -<p>Mr. Gonzales requests that all moneys be sent to Treasurer W. A. -Clark, and it is necessary for the business-like and just distribution of -relief that those who have undertaken to extend relief in this section -shall work with the central committee, and there shall be an accounting -of all funds to the central committee.</p> - -<p>As matters now stand it is not likely that much relief will be needed -from this committee for the next two months. During that time the people -affected, or most of them, will be able to earn a living by picking -cotton on the highlands, but from about the middle of November until -the next oat crop (in May, 1909) can be harvested, scores and scores of -families will be absolutely dependent upon assistance, and it is to prepare -for that time of need that the central committee and the sub-committees -to be appointed will now work. Of course, every effort will be -made to get these people to help themselves. There will be absolutely -no encouragement to idleness or pauperism, but there is no use attempting -to conceal the fact that later on in the winter there will be a real -problem to solve in caring for the destitute.</p> - -<p>Columbia and South Carolina, it is hoped, will be able to care for -these needy people. What they fail to do the Red Cross will be asked -to supplement. The central committee represents Columbia and will -also act as agent for the Red Cross.</p> - -<p>This visit was made on September 20, 21 and 22.</p> - -<h3>THE PEE DEE SECTION.</h3> - -<p>The account of the conditions in the Pee Dee sections is equally important:</p> - -<p>On October 20th last I visited the City of Marion from which radiates -the principal business of the Pee Dee section. On my arrival I was met -at the depot by Mayor Miles, Associate Justice Woods, of the Supreme -Court of South Carolina; Congressman Ellerbee, and many other citizens<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -of prominence and distinction in South Carolina, and beyond her borders—an -evidence of their keen anxiety to put themselves in position to -provide relief for their unfortunate and crushed neighbors. Two meetings -were held that day—one in the morning, the other in the afternoon. -The matter was carefully discussed and weighed in every particular. -Mayor Miles presided at each meeting.</p> - -<p>Hon. W. J. Montgomery, President of the Bank of Marion and Senator -from Marion County, spoke as follows:</p> - -<p>“We are not so much concerned about the present, although there are -some serious cases we are forced to handle now. The problem most difficult -to solve, and which creates intense anxiety, is how these hundreds of -dependents, unable to find employment to which they can adapt themselves, -are to be fed during the coming winter. This can only be done with -the kind permission of the Red Cross, to draw upon our share of the fund, -which that worthy organization is endeavoring to swell through its urgent -appeals to the people of the whole State for money donations, added to that -furnished by local contributors.</p> - -<p>“Another point,” said Mr. Montgomery, “which I wish to make plain: -The idea has gone abroad that the beneficiaries to this fund are only colored -people. This is a grave error. Many deserving white people, some of -whom were in comparatively easy circumstances previous to the flood, have -now become miserably reduced through this visitation of God. Help is -solicited for them because help is sorely needed. They ask bread; can we -give them a stone? We propose to care for the sufferers of both races.”</p> - -<p>Mayor Miles also took a dismal view of the future unless help came. -To the Red Cross they look for it.</p> - -<p>Mr. Davis, a large planter, spoke in a manly, yet pathetic vein. He -stated that his losses had been immense, but that to the best of his -ability he had been feeding from his scanty store his helpless, distressed, -starving neighbors, white and colored, in their fearful poverty and want. -He was willing, and intended to go as far as his circumstances permitted, -aye, to make sacrifices in this humanitarian work. That is the spirit which -pervades the neighborhood.</p> - -<p>The Citizens’ Relief Committee, composed of their first citizens, has -the Honorable S. C. Miles, Mayor of Marion, as Chairman, and Mr. Albert -G. Woods, as Treasurer. In conclusion, the emergency may be thus -summed up: Our prospects are very discouraging. Money is superlatively -required. It must be had if human lives are to be saved. The final -analysis of the case reads thus: Food or starvation, life or death. Only -with money can the evil be averted. It would be unreasonable to expect -more from the Red Cross fund. Their provision has been bountiful. Our -treasury, however, needs replenishment. After help already rendered, -there remains in our treasury about $1,000. By January this amount will -be materially reduced, as the committees require aid without delay, and -must have it. This small sum is all we can count on to keep the wolf -of hunger from the doors of one thousand human beings for six months, -during the winter, the most trying season of the year. It does not take a -skilled mathematician to tell how far this will go. How long will this -last? Echo answers “how long?” Disasters of wider extent and affecting -more people are on record. Yet without an attempt at exaggeration, -I affirm that never has any been more severe.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="REPORT_OF_INVESTIGATION_IN_FLOODED_DISTRICTS_OF_SOUTH_CAROLINA">REPORT OF INVESTIGATION IN FLOODED DISTRICTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA</h2> - -<p class="author">BY JANET E. KEMP</p> - -<p class="center smaller">Special Red Cross Representative</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The itinerary, as outlined by Mr. Kaufman, was to include Columbia, -Florence and Marion; each of these cities being the center of districts -which were reported to have suffered severely during the -recent disaster.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">Columbia.</span></h3> - -<p>Arriving in Columbia late Monday night, I was met by Mr. Baker, -a representative of <i>The State</i>, which is Columbia’s leading daily paper. -The city is situated in the Congaree Valley, at the junction of Saluda and -Broad rivers.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus12.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Broad River Bridge—Two Miles Above Columbia.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>Columbia itself escaped with comparatively little injury; the city extending -at an elevation considerably above the flood level.</p> - -<p>The power house of the street railway company and the city water -works situated near the river sustained considerable damage. The cotton -factories also located on low ground were obliged to suspend work for -a few days; the loss in wages said to be about $4,000.00.</p> - -<p>Early next morning I had an interview with Captain William E. -Gonzales, editor of <i>The State</i>. Captain Gonzales estimated that there -were about two hundred destitute families in the flooded section between -Columbia and Kingsville. From information received later, I should -think this is probably an under-estimate.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span></p> - -<p>The fertile “swamp” lands on each side of the river belong to a chain -of “plantations” extending from Columbia to Kingsville. On some of -these the owner lives, surrounded by his tenantry; others belong to non-resident -owners. Corn and cotton are the staple crops.</p> - -<p>The destitution of which Captain Gonzales spoke exists mainly on -those plantations owned by non-residents who have no personal interest -in their tenantry; and among the negroes who are working their own -land. The flood sufferers living on land occupied by resident owners will -not, as a rule, need any outside aid, as their landlords, though themselves -very heavy losers, will provide for their pressing needs. The gravity of -the situation, even for those who are actually destitute, is mitigated at -present by the fact that for the next two months work will be comparatively -plentiful, in harvesting crops in sections untouched by the calamity, -and in repairing the damages occasioned by the flood.</p> - -<p>Mr. C. B. Simmons, agent for a large plantation of 3,000 acres, drove -me out to see the conditions on his place, which are typical of those on -other places owned by non-residents. Mr. Simmons estimated that the -damage done to the crops would be about $12,000. There are 40 tenants -on the place, six of whom are white families. The crops are in many -cases practically a total loss; the whole year’s work has been swept away. -The only thing that will be realized will be a hay crop, which, under -favorable conditions, may be harvested before frost. Some of the men -had tried to get work in the phosphate mills near by, but without success. -The entire body of tenants gathered together by appointment to -meet Mr. Simmons, and each in turn gave detailed account of the loss he -had sustained.</p> - -<p>Mr. Simmons said that the most direct and practical way to help -these people would be to provide them with seed-oats, which could be -planted in October, and would yield a crop early next June. About 700 -bushels would be needed for the 40 tenants on the place.</p> - -<p>On Wednesday morning, September 9th, I went to Lykesland by -train, a distance of about nine miles from Columbia. Here I was met by -Mr. William Lykes, who drove me out to see the conditions in a little -colony of negro swamp farmers.</p> - -<p>There was not much room for possible exaggeration in the stories -we heard here; the white line of mud in the branches of the trees, often -12 or 15 feet from the ground, indicated the height of the flood. Fallen -chimneys and wrecked buildings showed the violence of the current. The -cotton was ruined, fit only to be plowed under to fertilize next year’s crop. -The corn was rotting on its stalks. The poor little, unpainted, windowless -frame houses were unspeakably desolate; the walls marked to the -very eaves with white mud left by the receding waters, and everything -within the homes—bedding, clothes, furniture—wrecked and ruined, and -saturated with mud. Nearly all the live stock had perished. They -showed us the stockade on a small knoll, a little higher than the surrounding -country, into which they had driven all their animals. Here -they had managed to save most of their mules, but even at this elevation -nearly all the cattle had been drowned.</p> - -<p>The largest land-holder in the colony, a very intelligent negro, with a -reputation for honesty and industry, had lost 16 acres of corn and 16 of -cotton, 6 head of cattle and 10 hogs.</p> - -<p>A week before, when Mr. Lykes first visited the colony after the -flood, he found the people literally starving. At one house the hungry -children were trying to eat the rotten corn. He at once secured $50.00,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> -through Captain Gonzales, from the South Carolina branch of the Red -Cross, with which he purchased provisions and supplies to meet the immediate -need.</p> - -<p>The flood sufferers, who had at first seemed dazed by the calamity, -were now making efforts to rehabilitate themselves. Some were rebuilding -their chimneys and outbuildings; others had secured work; one man -had gone to work on a plantation five miles away, walking that distance -twice daily; the women and children had also begun to pick cotton on -neighboring plantations. The conditions on this little colony illustrated -the situation of the small land holder, who has no resources except the -crop, which he had hoped to harvest as the result of his year’s labor.</p> - -<p>The flood also had seriously crippled the larger landowners, who -could ordinarily be looked to for the relief of their poorer neighbors. From -Mr. B. S. Rawls, who has a “general store” on the bluff road that parallels -the river between Columbia and Kingsville, we learned, that he had -lost 235 acres of his own crops, and would get practically no rent from -the 2,000 acres he had rented out. Worse than this he expected to be -“out” from $1,200 to $1,500 for supplies advanced to his tenants.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">Florence, S. C.</span></h3> - -<p>The next point visited was Florence, Florence County, 81 miles -from Columbia. Reports of heavy flood losses had come in from the -Lynches River section. A Relief Committee had been formed by the -Honorable Hartwell Ayer, editor of the Florence <i>Daily Times</i> and a small -sum of money raised.</p> - -<p>After conferring with the committee, I concluded that it would be -desirable for me to make some investigation of conditions for myself, and -went down to Cowards, which is located in the flooded district, 16 miles -from Florence. Here, at the recommendation of the committee, I called -upon Mr. Z. C. Lynch, who keeps a large general store and supplies the -needs of over 200 farmers in that vicinity.</p> - -<p>Immediately after the flood Mr. Lynch had spent three days in riding -around through the section that had been flooded, noting carefully the -conditions of the crops, and talking with the farmers. He gave me a -positive assurance that he had not met a single case of destitution, and -that, as a rule, the loss in that section would not average more than 10% -to 25% of the crop. After this frank statement from a man who is in a -far better position to get the exact truth than I could possibly be, I decided -to make no further investigation, but to await the report of Dr. -Hicks.</p> - -<p>After spending two days in the flooded district, under circumstances -which enabled him to come into touch with representatives from every -point, Dr. Hicks returned with exactly the same report as that given by -Mr. Lynch. He said that while the losses had been heavy, and many -people were considerably crippled, there was no destitution and there -was not likely to be any that could not easily be met by local resources.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">Marion, S. C.</span></h3> - -<p>Proceeding to Marion on Friday night, with the expectation of being -able to complete the investigation in another 24 hours, I found a situation -which made it imperative that I should spend two or three days in that -section.</p> - -<p>A very active and interested Relief Committee, with Mayor S. T. -Miles as chairman, was fully alive to the needs of the situation, and had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -succeeded in raising a fund of over $500.00, in addition to what had been -sent by the Red Cross. I learned from this committee that the four townships -of Marion County had been practically submerged. These townships -form a tongue of land lying between Big Peedee and Little Peedee -Rivers. During the flood the water of Big Peedee had risen and flowed -clear over the intervening strip of land until they met the water of Little -Peedee. A sandy ridge extending North and South through the interior -ordinarily forms the water shed between the two rivers, and, at many -points, the water had covered even this comparatively high land.</p> - -<p>Arrangements were at once made for me to proceed to Eulonia, the -home of Mr. S. U. Davis, who was said to be more thoroughly familiar -with conditions in the flooded section than any one else.</p> - -<p>After dinner Mr. Davis drove me through several miles of flooded -country. It was a matter of regret with him that I had not come a week -earlier when—nearly two weeks after the flood—the whole country was -still under water, and boats were the only available means of transit from -point to point. At that time most of the homes were vacant, and the occupants, -with their cattle and household effects, were camping out wherever -they were lucky enough to find a spot that was “high and dry.”</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus13.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Pee Dee River Flood.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>In a little two-room shanty, near Mr. Davis’ place, thirty-four people -found shelter at one time during the high water. One resourceful farmer, -when forced to move out of his home, which, though partially submerged, -was still the dryest spot on the farm, provided for his live stock by -tethering the cow to the cook-stove in the kitchen, and quartering his -five hogs on the bed. In another instance a couple, who were determined -to stay in their homes at all risks, themselves “camped out” on the bed, -and at meal times paddled over to the cook-stove on a hastily-constructed -raft.</p> - -<p>That people who had suffered as these people had could still be brave-hearted -enough to dwell upon the humorous side of their tragedy, shows -that it is hard to drown out American “grit,” and the American sense of -humor. But the tragic side was ever present and needed no emphasis. -One woman, of whom Mr. Davis spoke, a widow with three small children,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span> -had lost her entire crop. At the time of the flood she was desperately -ill, and, when rescued in a boat with the children, it was feared -that she would die as a result of the exposure. She was now, however, -recovering, but some provision would have to be made for her until another -crop could be raised. Throughout all this section there had been -comparatively little loss of household goods and effects, because most -of the people were warned in time to enable them to remove their belongings -to a place of safety.</p> - -<p>We drove through acre after acre of rotten corn, and of cotton fit -only to be plowed under to fertilize the ground for next year’s crop. -Fences had been ruined and bridges swept away, and several times it was -necessary to make a wide detour, in order to find a safe crossing place.</p> - -<p>One man with whom we talked, who, with his family, had just moved -back into their still damp house, said that he had nothing left, but a little -corn, a few chufas and a patch of cane. Every farm we visited in that -section was practically in the same condition.</p> - -<p>The next day, Sunday, we started again at 10 A. M. over a road that -led down the sandy ridge that, for the most part, had not been covered by -the waters, though even here the lower points had been submerged. Then -turning eastward through the section marked on the map as the Low -Flat Lands, we left the beaten track and, for a long time, traveled through -alternating areas of partially submerged woodland, and sodden savannahs—the -South Carolinian term for meadow land. It was not easy to -follow the trail across the savannahs, and the drive through the woods -was even more difficult. As we lurched along through the water we never -knew at what moment the buggy might strike some submerged log or -stump.</p> - -<p>We took dinner at the home of Mr. Fontaine Davis, a planter and -merchant at the lower end of Britton’s Neck Township, who kindly volunteered -to take me on down into Woodberry Township, as far as we could -go, while Mr. S. U. Davis rested his horse ready for the return journey.</p> - -<p>The country we drove through at the upper end of Woodberry Township -had suffered severely from the floods, and the crops were an almost -total loss. We went as far as the road was open until we struck a point, -beyond which all the bridges had been washed away. Woodberry Township -forms a peninsula between the two rivers already spoken of. Fortunately -it is very thinly settled, and most of the farmers have their -homes on the comparatively high land in the center of the township. Mr. -Fontaine Davis said that he had only heard of five families in the section -below that which we visited who had suffered to any serious extent.</p> - -<p>We talked with an old man, who for 43 years had lived on his farm -in the upper part of Woodberry Township. “I ain’t never saw anything -like it before,” he said, “and I don’t know how to figure it out. The -waters was five feet higher than they was in the Sherman ‘fresh’ of ’65.” -He said that within a radius of three or four miles there were eight or ten -white families, and ten or twelve colored families: all of whom had lost -practically their entire crop. He, himself, had lost all of his corn, most of -cotton, and nearly all of his live stock.</p> - -<p>Mr. Richardson, whom we next interviewed, a man who owned 80 -acres of land, 27 in corn, 35 in cotton, the rest in pasture, garden, etc., -had lost everything. The cotton had been an exceptionally good crop, and -would have made a bale to the acre at the market price of about $40.00 -a bale; this alone meant a money loss of $1,400.00. The corn upon which -he depended for food for his family and stock was also gone, and, as he<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span> -put it, “I don’t know what we are going to do for something to eat this -winter.”</p> - -<p>The next house we passed was a deserted little negro cabin whose -wrecked chimney bore witness of the violence of the flood. This had -been the home of an honest, hard-working colored man, who, with his -family of five children, lived on the little rented patch of about 20 acres. -His nine acres of corn would have fed his family and his animals. His -seven acres of cotton would have yielded about three bales, which would -have given him $120.00 as the cash proceeds of his year’s labor. With -this he would have paid off his store bill of $50.00; $20.00 would have -gone for rent, and after making a payment upon the horse he had just -purchased, the husbandman would have had a small cash balance to see -him through to next crop time. Now corn and cotton are both swept -away; there is no money to settle the store bill, nor pay for the horse, -and there is no food for the family to subsist on through the long winter -months.</p> - -<p>As nearly as could be estimated by those familiar with the local conditions, -there were fully 200 families in the lower end of Marion County, -renters and “lienors,” whose situation is about as hopeless as that of -the family just referred to. Many, who like Mr. Richardson, owned more -or less land, are in a position to obtain advances on their holdings, and -though seriously crippled, can probably weather the storm. But for these -other families, who are without such resources, some adequate relief -measures will have to be undertaken.</p> - -<p>The attitude towards customers and tenants assumed by the merchants -and plantation owners bears high testimony to their generosity and -public spirit. It is taken for granted that no claim for rent will be made -and, as far as possible, credit will still be extended to the flood sufferers. -But it is too much to expect that these men can assume the whole of the -burden, for they have themselves suffered severely. Mr. Davis estimated -that in an area of several miles there was only one of the flood victims -who was not indebted to him for a larger or smaller amount. Some of -these debts would eventually be paid; many of them would never be recovered. -He said he had begun to figure out his losses, but they mounted -up so appallingly that he had stopped short before he was half way -through. I was told that he had advanced over $18,000.00 worth of fertilizer -to the farmers trading at one of his four stores. If this was true, -it gives some idea of the magnitude of his losses, and shows the impossibility -of expecting men, under such circumstances, to do all they would -normally be able to do for their poorer neighbors.</p> - -<h3>RELIEF MEASURES, COLUMBIA, S. C.</h3> - -<p>At the time of my visit to Columbia <i>The State</i>, in a paragraph announcing -that the agent of the Red Cross was in the city, stated that -Columbia would consider herself disgraced if she could not do all that -was needed for local flood sufferers, without further aid from the Red -Cross Association.</p> - -<p>At the last census Columbia had over 21,000 inhabitants; its population -now numbers some 25,000 people. It is the State capital, and has -some thriving cotton mills. Taking Captain Gonzales’ estimate of 100 -destitute families as being approximately correct, it would seem that with -employment easily obtainable in the fall and spring, it ought to be possible -for the people of Columbia and Richland County to undertake such -local relief measures as would make further outside aid unnecessary. The<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span> -dangers of creating a large relief fund, and extensively advertising its -existence, are very obvious, especially as most of the people affected are -negroes who would very readily accept a position of dependence.</p> - -<p>Captain Gonzales told me that the securing of regular monthly subscriptions -towards the relief of cases of genuine need had been suggested. -This plan seems to be an admirable one, and would be less apt to result -in weakening any attempt at self help that might be made by the flood -sufferers. If properly and systematically managed, it would also probably -be adequate to meet the requirements of the case.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">Florence.</span></h3> - -<p>From the foregoing report of conditions in this section it will be -readily seen that no outside help is necessary at this point.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">Marion and Marion County.</span></h3> - -<p>The activity and interest displayed by the local Relief Committee at -Marion have already been noted. Probably one reason why they had accomplished -so much more than had been done at the other points was -that the situation in Marion County was apparently much more serious -than in either of the other places.</p> - -<p>Immediately following the disaster wagon loads of supplies had been -promptly dispatched to the districts affected. The men to whom the distribution -of these supplies was entrusted told me that they hoped nothing -more would be sent at present. Indeed, Mr. S. U. Davis had asked that -a contribution of $200 that had been offered be placed in bank and held -for later distribution. He and Mr. F. Davis know personally every family -in that section and both urged that no more relief be sent at present. -Mr. F. Davis said that as long as the supplies lasted that were sent to -his store, the negroes collected around and refused to do any work. When -work was offered they said, “We all don’t have to pick no cotton, do white -folks am gwine to feed us.” He also told of a white man who had $700 -in bank but who, nevertheless, had sent his brother to see if Mr. Davis -did not have “something for him.” In this connection it may be noticed -that however poverty-stricken a colored family might be nothing would -induce any of the girls of the family to accept positions as house-workers. -Both Mr. S. U. Davis and Mr. F. Davis urged that hereafter relief be -sent direct to individual cases of distress, upon their recommendation, -after thorough investigation had proved that help was necessary.</p> - -<p>It might be thought that possibly these statements were colored by -the anti-negro bias with which the Southerner is usually credited, but -though fully alive to the weaknesses of the negro, everyone with whom -I talked manifested genuine sympathy with all cases of real distress, -whether the sufferers were white or colored. Everyone with whom I -spoke agreed that during October and November, while work was plentiful, -all relief should be withheld, except in the special cases alluded to -above. After this will come the winter months when work is scarce and -there are few sources of income except a little fur trapping, or odd jobs. -Mr. Davis had already written to a lumber company which has extensive -timber holdings throughout the lower part of the county suggesting -that if they could see their way clear to commence operations in that -section at once the opportunities for employment that this would offer -would be a veritable Godsend to the community. But, however favorable -conditions may shape themselves and however generous may be the local -responses to the need for help, it still would seem to be a certainty that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -outside assistance will be needed for this section. The destruction has -been so great—the committee estimated that from 1,500 to 2,000 bales of -cotton had been destroyed within the flooded area—and the loss has -fallen so heavily on rich and poor alike, that it does not seem possible -that the community can grapple with the problem unaided.</p> - -<p>All relief work has been done, so far, through local committees who -are thoroughly familiar with every detail of the circumstances of those -who need help and if this policy be maintained there is very little possibility -that any funds will be unwisely applied.</p> - -<p>In conclusion, I should like to say a -deeply appreciative word concerning the -kindness and courtesy of the Relief Committees -in the three cities. Though, during -the investigation, I traveled over -many miles of country, in no case was -it necessary to use Red Cross money in -hiring livery rigs, as all this was arranged -for by the committees and individuals -interested. I would make special mention -of the kindness of the committee at -Marion, who entertained me while I was -in their city, and of the courtesy of Mr. -S. U. Davis, at whose home I was entertained -and who spent a day and a half -in showing me the situation in Marion -County, placing at my disposal his invaluable -and intimate knowledge of local -conditions. I also take great pleasure in expressing appreciation of the -active and energetic co-operation of the State President, Mr. A. C. Kaufman, -who arranged my itinerary and who, by letters of introduction, -paved the way for me in every city visited.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp75" style="max-width: 21.875em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus14.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Pee Dee River Flood.</span></p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="A_SHORT_SKETCH_OF_THE_RUSSIAN_RED_CROSS">A SHORT SKETCH OF THE RUSSIAN RED CROSS</h2> - -<p class="author">BY MR. <span class="smcap">J. de THAL</span>.</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The first initiative to give private aid to the wounded on the battlefield -was taken in Russia in 1854, during the Crimean War, when -Grand Duchess Helen Pavlovina (a sister of Emperor Nicholas I) -formed a party of trained nurses, who, under the leadership of the afterwards -celebrated surgeon, Pirogoff, went to the war and cared for the -wounded.</p> - -<p>In 1867 was formed a Society for the care of the wounded and sick -warriors, which changed its name in 1876 and was then called the Russian -Red Cross Society. From its very start the Society was taken under -the august protectorate of the Empress Maria Alexandrovina, wife of -Emperor Alexander II, and many persons of the imperial family and -prominent statesmen became its members.</p> - -<p>At the very first, lack of funds prevented the Society from the activity -along the broad lines which it desired. Not being able at the start -to found its own communities of nurses, with its own hospitals and surgical -clinics, the Society for a number of years had to place its nurses, for -the purpose of training, in the military, civil and municipal hospitals. -Only after the Turkish War in 1876-77, in which the immense utility of -the Society’s activity was proved, was its popularity assured. Thus the -number of communities of Red Cross nurses from 5 in 1878 rose to 99 -in 1906. The total number of hospitals and clinics of the Red Cross at -present amount to 148. In 1906 the number of persons cared for in these -institutions was 1,294,547.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus15.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Russian Red Cross Depot of Supplies.</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus16.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Red Cross Station.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span></p> - -<p>In 1868 the Russian Red Cross had 35 institutions of all kinds and -in 1906, 920.</p> - -<p>On the first of January, 1907, the Red Cross Society of Russia consisted -of the following institutions: 1 Chief Board of Administration; 8 -Boards of District Administration; 95 local Boards of Administration; 509 -local Red Cross Committees; 40 Committees of communities of Red Cross -nurses; 60 communities of Red Cross nurses; 90 ambulatory clinics; 6 -emergency hospitals; 5 asylums for former Red Cross nurses; 1 asylum -for invalids; 9 asylums for crippled soldiers; 1 asylum for soldiers’ widows; -3 asylums and 3 sanitariums for children of disabled soldiers; 7 convalescent -houses; 1 maternity hospital.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus17.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Red Cross Hospital Ship.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>Any person entering into a community as nurse is not obliged to take -any kind of oath, but gives only the promise to submit to a vigorous discipline, -to acquit him or herself conscientiously of all duties and to nurse -the sick carefully. The feminine personnel is divided into two categories—sisters -of charity and nurses for surgery.</p> - -<p>The surgical nurses have to pass a three years’ course, the sister of -charity a one-and-a-half year’s course of studies, according to a program -established by the Chief Board of Administration. The courses to be -followed are theoretical and practical, which consist chiefly of lectures -at the sick bed, held mainly in the hospitals of the Red Cross, and partially -in military, municipal and private hospitals, according to arrangements<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> -between these hospitals and the Red Cross. Having finished the -courses, the surgical nurses enter either the institutions of the Red Cross -or hospital institutions maintained by the government or municipalities. -The sisters of charity are delegated to the military hospitals, which the -Red Cross has undertaken to supply with nurses, to other hospitals and -to private nursery. In 1906 there were 3,819 of these Red Cross sisters, -and since 1875 there have been graduated 2,000 of the higher class of -trained surgical nurses.</p> - -<p>The care for disabled soldiers after the war includes the furnishing -of means for cures at health resorts, as well as furnishing them with warm -clothes, artificial limbs, crutches, etc., or provides for their care in asylums -of the Society.</p> - -<p>The asylums for invalids in 1906 received 737. Among other sums -granted, the Society paid in 1906, 10,940 roubles to the former defenders -of Sabastopol, during the Crimean War in 1854.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus18.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Red Cross Hospital Train.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>In St. Petersburg the Society possesses six stations for help in emergency -cases, with twelve ambulances and sixteen attendants.</p> - -<p>The Russian Red Cross Society has taken part in all wars and military -expeditions which have occurred since 1868.</p> - -<p>During the Franco-Prussian war, the Russian Red Cross sent to Basel -a party of 30 surgeons and large quantities of supplies which were equally -distributed to the belligerents.</p> - -<p>It sent a generous contribution to both parties during the Civil War -in Spain in 1873. In 1876 surgeons and nurses were sent for assistance in -the Turkish-Martemgian War, expending $42,000. During the Turkish-Servian -War it expended over $263,000 and sent 115 doctors, 4 pharmacists, -118 nurses, 41 medical students, 78 assistant surgeons, besides hospital -equipment for 200 beds.</p> - -<p>At the time of the Russo-Turkish War in 1876, the Russian Red Cross -rendered wonderful service. Contributions flowed into its treasury, over<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span> -$8,000,000 was received and expended, and the gifts of supplies were -equally great.</p> - -<p>During the war the Society transported on its ships and trains over -100,000 sick and wounded; 230,000 were cared for at the ports of evacuation, -and 18,000 severely wounded at the port. The Red Cross institutions -in Russia cared for 116,268 sick and wounded. In the troubles of -1879-81 in Asia, the Red Cross expended $300,000. In 1885 in helping -the sick and wounded of both Servia and Bulgaria, expended about $87,000. -It assisted Japan in the Chinese-Japanese War of 1894.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp56" style="max-width: 32.8125em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus19.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Interior of Hospital Train.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>In 1896, as the Italian Red Cross declined assistance, it expended -$75,000 for Abyssinia relief, and in 1899, as the United States Government -declined its offer of assistance, it gave aid to the Spanish Red Gross for -the veterans of the war. As England declined assistance, it expended -some $56,000 for the Boers in 1899. During the Boxer trouble in China -the Red Cross provided most valuable assistance at a cost of over $600,000. -Its greatest work was rendered during the late terrible war with -Japan, during which it expended over $15,000,000 in relief work, providing -hospital trains, ships, field and reserve hospitals, a large medical nursery -and administration personnel.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_CHRISTMAS_STAMP">THE CHRISTMAS STAMP</h2> - -</div> - -<div class="figleft illowp68" style="max-width: 12.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus20.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">Late as the January <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span> is in going to press, it -is not possible to tell of the result of the Christmas -Stamp sale. This must wait for the April issue, but -that the result promises to be remarkable is shown by the -fact that the wholesale orders received up to December 15th -at Red Cross Headquarters from the State Branches and -Anti-Tuberculosis Associations authorized by the Red -Cross to sell these stamps aggregated twenty-five millions -and it has proved most difficult to have the stamps printed -rapidly enough to fill these orders. It was not possible -when the orders were pouring in at over a million a day to reply as -rapidly as was desired. Neither Red Cross Headquarters nor State -Branches anticipated any such remarkable demand. For the season of -1909 a new stamp will be issued, for the design of which a prize will be -offered. Regulations governing the competition -for this prize will be formulated and issued later.</p> - -<p>The Red Cross has received through the courtesy -of Mr. Einar Holboll, Postmaster of Centofte, Denmark, -a copy of this year’s Danish Christmas stamp. -The coloring is dark blue with a yellow light shining -through the corridors of the Sanitarium for Tuberculosis -Children, built by means of the Danish Christmas -stamps.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" style="max-width: 17.1875em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus21.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Danish Christmas Stamp -for 1908</span></p> -</div> - -<h3>What Agnes Repplier Has to Say of the Red Cross Christmas Stamps</h3> - -<p>What does the Red Cross Christmas Stamp mean?</p> - -<p>It means that you are asked to spend one cent more on every Christmas present that -you send.</p> - -<p>It means that this tiny fraction of money, multiplied by thousands, will yield a noble -sum for the maintenance of a great work—open-air Day Camps for the cure of Tuberculosis.</p> - -<p>It means that by using the stamp, you express confidence in the work of the Red Cross.</p> - -<p>It means that you extend the circle of your friendship until it embraces the friendless, -and that your good-will reaches beyond the few whom you love to the many whom you are -bidden to love.</p> - -<p>It means that the spirit of Christmas stirs in the heart of Christendom, and that you -respond to this spirit by linking your Christmas gifts with the cause of the poor and the ill, -with the work of wisdom and of mercy.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span></p> - -<h3>THE RED CROSS CHRISTMAS STAMP</h3> - -<p class="author">BY E. S. MARTIN.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Buy me every chance you get!</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Do you good? Just try me!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Lick me light and stick me tight!</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Buy me! Buy me! Buy me!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">All good luck and Christmas cheer,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">All good will I carry,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">I’m your friend and—never fear—</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Truly sanitary.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">I’m the Red Cross Christmas Stamp,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">This that I propose is</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To summon wealth to fight for health</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And beat tuberculosis.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Beat the greatest plague of all,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Oust a pall of sadness,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Treat despair with food and air,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And lift it into gladness.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Buy me! Buy me! I’m your friend.</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Help me win my battle!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Help me bring a scourge to end,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Men are more than cattle!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Help me help the suffering!</div> - <div class="verse indent2">I’m their supplication</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Skill that’s brotherly shall bring</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Healing to the nation.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<h3>THE RED CROSS STAMP</h3> - -<p class="author">BY IRVING SAYFORD.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Who’ll pay a cent with a square intent?</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Red for their blood—and life is sweet;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">White for the gleam of their winding sheet;</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Green for their graves—and death, be fleet!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Who’ll pay a cent for a chance to cheat</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The great white plague of its winding sheet?</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">One stamp for a penny—you’ll take how many?</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Red’s for the glow of the Christmas cheer;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">White’s for the peace of the brand-new year;</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Green’s for the brow, not for the bier;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Who’ll drop a penny instead of a tear</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To lessen the list in the brand-new year?</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<h3>THE LITTLE CHRISTMAS STAMP</h3> - -<p class="author">BY ARTHUR G. BURGOYNE.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>Air: “Wearing of the Green.”</i>)</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Nowadays for letter-writing</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Here’s the popular receipt:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">First with chit-chat that’s inviting</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Coyer deftly ev’ry sheet.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Seal it neatly and address it;</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Blot the superscription damp.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Then don’t mail the note unless it</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Has a little Christmas Stamp.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse center"><i>Refrain</i>:</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent2">Oh, the little Christmas Stamp!</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Oh, the cheery Christmas Stamp,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">With its message to the fireside and the workshop and the camp!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Trav’ling over vale and mountain, over lake and plain and swamp,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">As a messenger of mercy goes the little Christmas Stamp.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Postal bureaus are not able</div> - <div class="verse indent2">In their wisdom to invent</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Any brighter, fairer label</div> - <div class="verse indent2">On our letters to be sent.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">They may try a new creation,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Or the old designs revamp,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But the meanwhile the population</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Craves the little Christmas Stamp.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Stamps of England show the florid</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Bearded visage of King Ed.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Stamps from Egypt’s deserts torrid,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Show the Sphynx’s grinning head.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Other stamps show deer and fishes,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Or a pictured urn or lamp,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But the one that bears good wishes</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Is the little Christmas Stamp.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Russia sports her eagles mighty</div> - <div class="verse indent2">On her postal guarantees;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Spain depicts her monarch flighty,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Germany her own main squeeze.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Other pow’rs use landscapes charming,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Which in narrow space they cramp,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But the one design heart-warming</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Marks the little Christmas Stamp.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Now this stamp won’t pay for transit</div> - <div class="verse indent2">On our own or other soil,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But ’tis plain to him that scans it</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That it pays for Red Cross toil.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And to keep the white plague under</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And upon that pest to tramp,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Buy the latest postal wonder,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Buy the little Christmas Stamp.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_STORY_OF_THE_RED_CROSS">THE STORY OF THE RED CROSS</h2> - -</div> - -<h3>THE HARVEST OF DEATH</h3> - -<p class="dropcap">Throughout the entire action the Emperor Francis Joseph remained -calm and composed. Towards the evening the Austrian -centre having yielded the left wing, not daring to face the position -of the Allies, a general retreat was decided upon and the head of the -House of Hapsburg, who throughout the day had watched the bullets -raining around him, withdrew with a part of his staff in the direction -of Volta. The Austrian officers had fought like lions, many in their -despair gave themselves up to death by the enemy’s hands, but not without -selling dearly their lives. Most of those who returned to their regiments -were covered with the blood of their own wounds or those of their -enemies.</p> - -<p>The roads were filled with army -wagons, carts and reserve artillery. -The first convoys of Austrian -wounded, consisting of the less serious -cases, commenced to come into -Villa-Franca, the more seriously -wounded followed. The Austrian -medical staff dressed the wounds -hastily and in a perfunctory manner -gave a little nourishment to the -sufferers, and then sent them on by -rail to Verona, where the crowding -was most fearful. Although in the -retreat the Austrian Army sought -to carry away all the wounded possible, -and this at the price of much -extra suffering to the poor men, -thousands were left behind lying on -the ground, still drenched with their -blood.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp58" style="max-width: 34.375em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus22.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Victor Emanuel, -King of Sardinia, later King of Italy.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>Towards the close of the day, -when the twilight shadows were -creeping over this vast field of carnage, -more than one French officer, -more than one French soldier wandered -here and there, seeking some -missing friend or compatriot, beside -whom, when found, he knelt endeavoring to restore him to consciousness, to -staunch the flow of blood, to dress the terrible wounds, to bind his handkerchief -around a fractured limb or to vainly seek for water to quench the agonizing -thirst. What silent tears must have been shed on that unhappy night!</p> - -<p>During the battle flying ambulances were stationed on farms, in -churches, convents, in the open air, or under the shade of the trees, which -received firstly wounded officers and non-commissioned officers, attending -to them in great haste, and afterwards came the rank and file if the medical -staff had time to spare for them. Such as could walk betook themselves -to the ambulances; others were carried on stretchers and hand-barrows.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span></p> - -<p>During the fight a pennant planted on a slight elevation marked the -position of the dressing stations for wounded and the field hospitals of -the regiments in action. But, unfortunately, the troops seldom knew -their own hospital pennants nor those of the enemy, with the result that -shells rained down, sparing neither doctors, attendants, wounded nor the -wagons conveying supplies of food and lint.</p> - -<p>The heights extending from Castiglione to Volta were dotted with -the twinkling lights of thousands of fires fed with the debris of the Austrian -gun carriages, supplemented with the branches of trees broken off -by the cannon balls or during the storm. Round these fires the soldiers -made an effort to dry their soaking garments, then tired out they stretched -themselves on the stony ground to sleep.</p> - -<p>There were whole battalions without a particle of food. Water, too, -was lacking and their thirst was so intense that soldiers and even officers -were content to drink from the muddy rain-pools, oft-times stained with -blood. Everywhere wounded men were crying piteously for “Water!” -In the silence of the night could be heard the groans, the stifled cries of -anguish, the despairing appeals for help. What pen can describe the -agonies of that horrible night!</p> - -<p>The sun of June 25th, 1859, rose on one of the most frightful spectacles -that the most vivid imagination can conceive. The battlefield was -strewn with the bodies of men and horses, and with the battered forms -of men in whom the spark of life still remained, they filled up the roads, -they choked the trenches and the ravines, they lay piled in heaps in the -bushes and the fields, everywhere for miles around the village of Solferino.</p> - -<p>The crops were utterly destroyed, the corn was trodden under foot, -hedges were piled up, orchards ravaged. Here and there were pools of -blood, formerly prosperous villages, now deserted, bore the marks of shot -and shell; apparently deserted houses, whose walls were riddled with bullets, -stood shattered, gashed and ruined. Their inhabitants, who for the -most part had passed the twenty-four hours during which the conflict -raged in their cellars without food or light, now began to issue forth -from their hiding places, the vacant expression and blank countenances -of these poor peasants witnessing eloquently to the reality of the fright -they had endured.</p> - -<p>The ground was covered with wreckage of all kinds, broken weapons, -accoutrements, camp furniture, and blood-stained articles of clothing. The -unfortunate wounded who lay around were pale, livid, and utterly exhausted -with their sufferings. Some, very badly wounded, had an imbecile -expression, seemed not to understand when spoken to, staring with -haggard eyes at those who brought them succor, and others in a state of -nervous excitement shivered with a convulsive ague. Yet others, with -deep, gaping wounds, in which inflammation had already set in, were -delirious from their pain, and implored that they might be put out of -their misery, and with drawn faces twisted themselves into indescribable -positions in their supreme agony. Besides these there were unfortunate -men, who had been struck by cannon balls and grape shot, or whose arms -and legs had been shattered by pieces of artillery.</p> - -<p>In many cases the bodies of the dead and wounded were robbed by -marauders, and thousands of poor fellows, who still lived, were thus despoiled -of all their savings, to say nothing of the little trinkets, the gifts -of mothers, wives and sweethearts.</p> - -<p>Besides these tragic scenes were many dramatic incidents witnessed -by Monsieur Dunant himself of which he tells; there an old officer on the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span> -retired list, General Breton, wandering over the battlefield in search of -his wounded son-in-law; here Colonel Maleville, wounded at Casa-Nova -quietly breathing his last, Colonel Genlis with a terrible wound that has -produced a high fever, Lieutenant de Selve, just out of St. Cyr, whose -arm has been shot away; a poor sergeant-major, whose two arms have -been shattered, and of whom he writes: “I saw him again at a hospital -at Brescia, but he died in passing Mont Cenis.” Officer after officer gave -up his life because of wounds in which gangrene set in through lack of -attention.</p> - -<p>The scarcity of water was acutely felt, for the burning summer sun -had dried up almost all the moisture. Wherever the smallest spring was -found sentries were placed, who, with fixed bayonets, guarded it for the -need of the most urgent cases.</p> - -<p>Wounded horses, that had lost their riders, wandered pitiably about -through the night. Whenever opportunity afforded they were mercifully -shot.</p> - -<p>Among the dead were some whose features bore a calm and serene -expression, these were those who had been killed outright. But those -who had not immediately succumbed had their faces drawn and distorted -by the agony they had endured, their hands clutched the ground, their -haggard eyes were wide open and their teeth clenched.</p> - -<p>Three days and three nights were occupied in burying the dead on -the field of slaughter. Some few bodies, hidden in the thickets, were left -unburied, not having been discovered until a fearful stench polluted the -air. Terrible as it may seem it is highly probable that in this haste some -of the living were interred in the same common grave with the dead.</p> - -<p>Monsieur Dunant takes us over this dreadful scene. Here is a youth, -the idol of his parents, carefully brought up and well educated, whose -mother all his life had watched his slightest illness; there lies a gallant -officer, beloved of his family, who has left a wife and little children at -home; over yonder is a young soldier, who so short a time ago said -farewell to all his dear ones. Behold them, stretched out stark and stiff -in the mud and dirt, and drenched with blood. Knocked on the head, -the face of one is absolutely unrecognizable; he has expired after cruel -sufferings and his body, black, swollen, hideous, is cast into a hastily dug -trench, and barely covered with a little earth. Hands and feet protrude -and on these the birds of prey presently descend. The bodies of the Austrians -in their capots besmeared with mud and their white tunics dyed -with crimson stains, were strewn by thousands on the hills and valleys, -and hovering above them were clouds of crows ready to feast upon these -victims of man’s insensate enmity. Poor mothers in Austria, Hungary -and Bohemia, how terrible your grief when first you learned of the death -of your dear sons in the enemy’s country without care or aid, without -a caressing hand or any words of consolation.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="REPORT_OF_CHAIRMAN_OF_THE_CENTRAL_COMMITTEE">REPORT OF CHAIRMAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE</h2> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">Fortunately, most of the emergencies arising during the year were -not of a magnitude very much greater than were easily met and -suffering relieved locally. In several cases, however, national relief -was asked, and was freely and very promptly rendered.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span></p> - -<p>A brief summary of the principal events respecting catastrophies occurring -during the year resulting in losses of life, personal injuries, destitution -and destruction of property may be thus stated:</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">December 2nd.</span></h3> - -<p>A mine explosion at Monongah, West Virginia, killed 359 men, who -left about 700 dependents. For many weeks the Red Cross had an agent -there assisting the local committee and studying and planning for the -future of the widows and children, this help being gratefully acknowledged -by the local committee.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">April 12th.</span></h3> - -<p>The Chelsea fire occurred, when the homes of 18,000 of its population -were destroyed. Miss Loring, the Secretary of the Massachusetts Branch, -took charge of the department of supplies and distributed about 120,000 -articles. The local relief committee asked, and secured, the services of -Mr. Bicknell, our National Director, to advise on the completion of the -relief operation.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">April 25th.</span></h3> - -<p>A cyclone of great violence wrought extensive havoc in certain localities -in Mississippi and other Southern States. Major C. A. Devol, and later -Major Wendell L. Simpson, of the Army, both of whom had much -experience with the relief operations in San Francisco, were sent -to the scene of the disaster by the War Department and kindly offered -to act for the Red Cross. Needing $2,000.00 for immediate use, this sum -was at once telegraphed and his requisition for twelve trained nurses -instantly filled; this number soon after raised to eighteen and supplied by -the New York, Pennsylvania and District of Columbia Branches. Hospitals -were established, and the injured and helpless, both white and -colored, properly cared for. The local authorities expressed their grateful -acknowledgments for the assistance rendered, which being more promptly -available than was the government relief, was especially appreciated.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">May 25th.</span></h3> - -<p>A flood in the Trinity River, Texas, swept away many homes. Our -Texas Branch installed two emergency hospitals and secured locally the -necessary doctors and nurses to care for those requiring aid. This Branch -annually installs a hospital and tents at the State Fair Grounds. This year -1,000 persons injured or taken suddenly ill were treated in this emergency -hospital.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">June 23rd.</span></h3> - -<p>Upon a telegraphic call from the U. S. Consul at Canton, $2,000 was -cabled to the local committee for use in relieving the distress caused by -flood in South China. Later a surplus balance of $34,000 in the hands of -the United States and British Consuls at Shanghai, pertaining to the North -China Famine Fund, which was partly derived from Red Cross contributions -made last year, was forwarded to South China for relief of the sufferers -from the June inundations.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">August 5th.</span></h3> - -<p>Fires in the Canadian forests wrought great distress to the inhabitants -whose homes were burned. The Red Cross made a contribution of $1,000 -to their aid and received the thanks of the authorities.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span></p> - -<p>Floods in the Carolinas and Georgia swept away the homes and crops -of many. The Red Cross promptly responded to calls for help.</p> - -<p>The San Francisco Home for the Aged, Infirm, Poor and Helpless -Refugees, built and equipped by the Relief Corporation of that City at an -expense of $377,000 was on August 5th, 1908, formally transferred to the -City of San Francisco. This institution is dedicated “TO THE NATIONAL -RED CROSS AND THE PEOPLE OF ALL NATIONALITIES -WHO, BY THEIR GENEROSITY, RELIEVED SUFFERING -AFTER THE GREAT FIRE OF 1906.” It has a capacity for the -accommodation of 1,200 persons.</p> - -<h3 class="left"><span class="smcap">October 1st.</span></h3> - -<p>The Committee secured the services of an expert in relief work, who, -in the character of National Director, is able to proceed at once to the -scene of any disaster and concert with the local relief agencies those -measures which may be deemed requisite to meet the emergency conditions. -The lack of an agent to act for the Red Cross on such occasions -has often been felt. The Committee considered itself especially fortunate -in having been able to secure the services, as National Director, of Mr. -Ernest P. Bicknell, who for several years has been at the head of the -charity work in the city of Chicago.</p> - -<p>Mr. Bicknell’s engagement dated from October 1st, and his initial -work was a visit to Minnesota and Michigan to carefully study the situation -in the territory devasted by forest fires. It is Mr. Bicknell’s belief -that the States and local agencies may be depended upon to render such -assistance as the conditions require.</p> - -<p>The Central Committee has given much attention to a development of -an organization so as to better adapt it to the purposes for which the -Association was created.</p> - -<p>The preparations required for the relief of suffering caused by war -will be generally confined to the elaboration by the War Relief Board of -plans for providing the requisite personnel, apparatus and supplies and their -application under the direction of military and naval authorities. For -emergency relief the instrumentalities of the Red Cross will unfortunately -be frequently called into activity, and we should be ready instantly the -catastrophe has occurred to have our agents on the spot with the requisite -personnel, supplies and resources to undertake the emergency work which -Congress has assigned to the Red Cross of America.</p> - -<p>It is always the case that local, state and municipal authorities are -ready to either assume entire management of relief measures within their -jurisdiction, or to co-operate with those who bring help from abroad. -Sometimes the outside aid required is many times greater in magnitude -than the localities are able to provide. For two independent relief agencies -to operate for a common purpose at any scene of want and suffering means -duplication and waste and possible friction. It is to avoid such situations -that the Central Committee plans to elect the stronger and more efficient -charity organization societies as institutional members for the purpose of -securing their trained personnel to take charge under the National Director -of the necessary relief measure combined.</p> - -<p>In furtherance of this general idea of better efficiency, and to provide -an authorized official channel through which the aid of the philanthropic -and charitable may flow, and be so applied as to yield the maximum benefit, -the Committee has organized an emergency relief board of fifteen persons -to be appointed by the President of the Red Cross and empowered to study,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span> -prepare for and supervise emergency relief throughout the States of the -Union and exterior possessions.</p> - -<p>Carrying out this general idea of specializing in work of the Red -Cross, it is expedient to commit to a separate board the study, preparation -for and supervision of relief applied in foreign countries. The organization -of such a Board at an early date is contemplated.</p> - -<p>It was found by experience that the By-Laws adopted on February 8, -1905, require amendment in several important particulars. Accordingly the -necessary amendments were adopted at the annual meeting December 8th.</p> - -<p>The general membership has been somewhat increased during the -year. This is largely due to the generous co-operation of several of our -members who contributed considerable amounts to a fund from which the -expenses of a propaganda were guaranteed. Large accessions, it was -hoped, would be secured by means of printed circulars and historical data -generally distributed. While the propaganda resulted in the accession of -several thousand new members, the net result of the efforts did not justify -the hopes that had been entertained of a very large increase in membership. -The cost of this work was paid from the fund created by the donors and -without any inroads upon the resources of the Association.</p> - -<p>At the International Conference, held in London last year, it was -agreed that the Red Cross throughout the world should assist in the campaign -against what has been aptly called “The Great White Plague,” i. e., -Tuberculosis. Several Day Camps have been established by our Branches -and are efficiently applying with most gratifying results the curative and -preventative means for combatting this disease that have been advised by -expert practitioners.</p> - -<p>A Red Cross Christmas Stamp has been designed and will be sold during -the holidays at one cent each, the profits thereby secured to be applied in aiding -the tuberculosis campaign in localities where the stamps were sold.</p> - -<p>A prominent military surgeon, who is a member of the Red Cross, has -prepared a handbook for the Association on First Aid to the Injured and -this book has been placed on sale. It is hoped that the Y. M. C. A. will -adopt this work as a text book, a wish there is reason to believe may be -realized and that every family in the country will be glad to have one. At -the request of a prominent railroad official, we are preparing, for travelers -and railroad employees, to be hung up in stations, a card containing suggestions -for preventatives and remedial measures in respect to accidents.</p> - -<p>Special instructions of relief columns have also been commenced. A -plan is being developed through which the Federation of Trained Nurses -may become affiliated with the Red Cross so as to provide qualified nurses -as may be needed in cases of calamity, epidemics, etc.</p> - -<p>The evidence is overwhelmingly convincing that where a great disaster -has occurred contributions of the people are willingly and generously -given to relieve suffering, but unlike the people of some foreign countries, -our own do not seem to be as ready to join the Association in great numbers -and by their annual dues supply the means for maintaining our -organization in a constant state of readiness to respond instantly on call -for help. Fortunately, the ordinary general expenses of conducting the -business of the Association in Washington are small, since we have no -rent to pay and no salaries to pay, save to the National Director, the -Secretary and Treasurer, and for one or two clerks, but the stationery, -Quarterly Bulletin, printing, telegraphing and postal charges are considerable. -The annual revenues available for administration, derived from -the half of the yearly dues, are not sufficient to properly conduct the work<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> -entrusted to the Association. The income from the Endowment Fund is -also small because the fund is small and to the increase of this fund it -seems to the Committee special effort should be directed.</p> - -<p>Considering to what proportion the endowments of certain public institutions -and beneficent organizations have grown through donations and -legacies, it does not seem to be an unjustified expectation that the Red Cross -Endowment should certainly reach a million dollars, yielding at least $40,000 -a year, which sum, with other income, would be sufficient and ample to meet -all administrative expenses and leave a considerable balance for application -to emergency relief, before measures could be matured for securing gifts from -the general public directly appliable to such relief.</p> - -<p>With respect to this matter the Committee does not ask for enlarged -powers, since the Central Committee a year since took action looking to the -appointment of a Committee on Endowment, but for reasons all appreciate -the time was not deemed propitious for undertaking the propaganda to this -end, but members of the Board of Incorporators can, in their individual -capacities, do much to forward the interests of the Association by their suggestion -and personal influence.</p> - -<p>The statement presented by the Treasurer will show the financial history -of the Corporation for the year 1908.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="REPORT_OF_THE_TREASURER">REPORT OF THE TREASURER<br /> -<span class="smaller">For the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 1908.</span></h2> - -<p class="author"><span class="smcap">Beekman Winthrop</span>, <i>Treasurer</i>.</p> - -</div> - -<h3>ENDOWMENT FUND.</h3> - -<table class="financials"> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Receipts.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance December 1, 1907</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">$ 2,516.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Contributions from:</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Mrs. Russell Sage</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 25,000.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Mr. F. A. Keep</td> - <td class="tdr">1,000.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Admiral Robley D. Evans</td> - <td class="tdr">400.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Miscellaneous</td> - <td class="tdr">121.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total"></td> - <td class="tdr">26,521.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Life membership dues:</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Through propaganda</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 875.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Through Branches</td> - <td class="tdr">3,875.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total"></td> - <td class="tdr">4,750.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Interest on investments:</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">West Shore R. R. 4% 1st. Mortgage Bonds</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 720.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Lehigh Valley R. R. 4% 1st. Mortgage Bonds</td> - <td class="tdr">40.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Provident Loan Society Certificates</td> - <td class="tdr">54.17</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Bank Balances</td> - <td class="tdr">82.83</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total"></td> - <td class="tdr">847.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in4">Total</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 34,634.25<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Disbursements.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Invested in Provident Loan Society Certificates</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">$ 25,000.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Interest on investments and bank balances transferred to Administration Fund</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">847.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in4">Total</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 25,847.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance December 1, 1908</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">8,787.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 34,634.25</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center smaller"><span class="smcap">Note</span>—The Endowment Fund on December 1, 1908, -is thus stated:</p> - -<table class="financials"> - <tr> - <td>Invested in $18,000, par value, 4% West Shore R. R. Bonds, cost</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 18,771.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Invested in $1,000, par value, 4% Lehigh Valley R. R. Bonds, cost</td> - <td class="tdr">1,000.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Invested in $25,000, par value, Provident Loan Society Certificates, cost</td> - <td class="tdr">25,000.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Cash</td> - <td class="tdr">8,787.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 53,558.75</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3>GENERAL EMERGENCY FUND.</h3> - -<table class="financials"> - <tr> - <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Receipts.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance December 1, 1907</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 52.04</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Contributions:</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">*Mississippi Cyclone Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">695.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">*Georgia and South Carolina Flood Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">1,146.96</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Miscellaneous</td> - <td class="tdr">241.17</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Repayments</td> - <td class="tdr">1,850.93</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance of Chinese Famine Fund (closed)</td> - <td class="tdr">5,047.53</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance of Russian Famine Fund (closed)</td> - <td class="tdr">862.43</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance of Monongah Relief Fund (closed)</td> - <td class="tdr">7.58</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 9,903.89</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Disbursements.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mississippi Cyclone Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 2,767.38</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>South Carolina and Georgia Flood Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">942.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Chinese Flood Relief (Canton)</td> - <td class="tdr">2,000.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Canadian Forest Fire Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">1,000.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Michigan and Minnesota Forest Fire Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">300.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in4">Total</td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 7,009.43</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance December 1, 1908</td> - <td class="tdr">2,894.46</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 9,903.89</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="hanging">* These contributions to special objects of relief are credited here instead of to -Special Emergency, because disbursements from General Emergency Funds began before -contributions were received. These <i>emergencies</i> were, therefore, treated as <i>general</i> -instead of <i>special</i>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span></p> - -<h3>SPECIAL EMERGENCY FUND.</h3> - -<table class="financials"> - <tr> - <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Receipts.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance San Francisco Relief contributions</td> - <td class="tdr">$432,037.33</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance Chinese Famine Fund</td> - <td class="tdr">5,046.78</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance Russian Famine Fund</td> - <td class="tdr">862.43</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance interest accumulations</td> - <td class="tdr">46,841.90</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Contributions:</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Chinese Famine Fund</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Calabrian Earthquake Fund</td> - <td class="tdr">233.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Monongah Mines Fund</td> - <td class="tdr">3,789.69</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Interest on bank balances, all special funds</td> - <td class="tdr">12,876.70</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in4">Total</td> - <td class="tdr total">$521,689.18</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Disbursements.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>San Francisco Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">$199,835.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Calabrian Earthquake Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">233.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Monongah Mines Relief</td> - <td class="tdr">3,782.11</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>By transfer to General Emergency Fund:</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Chinese Famine Relief Fund (closed)</td> - <td class="tdr">5,047.53</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Russian Famine Relief Fund (closed)</td> - <td class="tdr">862.43</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Monongah Mines Relief Fund (closed)</td> - <td class="tdr">7.58</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in4">Total</td> - <td class="tdr total">$209,768.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance December 1, 1908</td> - <td class="tdr">311,920.93</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total">$521,689.18</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3>ADMINISTRATION FUND.</h3> - -<table class="financials"> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Receipts.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance December 1, 1907</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">$ 4,651.53</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Membership dues:</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Proceeds special propaganda—Life</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 875.00</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Proceeds special propaganda—Annual</td> - <td class="tdr">3,530.87</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total"></td> - <td class="tdr">4,405.87</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Remitted by Branches</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">3,590.55</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Interest on investments of Endowment Fund</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">847.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Repayments</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">1.43</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Donations</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">1,350.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Proceeds, sale of Christmas Stamps</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">1,627.95</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Proceeds, sale of badges, text-books, etc.</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">57.95</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in4">Total</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 16,532.28</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Disbursements.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Salaries</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">$ 2,979.08</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Clerical services</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">382.75<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Traveling expenses</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">72.57</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Publication of <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span> (part)</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">1,936.36</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Printing and stationery</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">554.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Postage and minor office expenses</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">450.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Telephone service</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">65.36</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Telegraph service</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">85.84</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Badges, text-books, etc.</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">105.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Refundments</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">116.73</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Transfer to “Guarantee Fund,” for special propaganda</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">2,500.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Life dues received through special propaganda, transferred to Endowment Fund</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">875.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in4">Total</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 10,122.74</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Balance December 1, 1908</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">6,409.54</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr total">$ 16,532.28</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="FOURTH_ANNUAL_MEETING_OF_THE_RED_CROSS">FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE RED CROSS</h2> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">Preceding the annual meeting a meeting of the Central Committee -was held and the proposed revision of the by-laws discussed. The -Committee voted unanimously in favor of the revision.</p> - -<p>The morning session of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the American -Red Cross was held on Tuesday, December 8th, at the Hubbard Memorial -Hall. It was presided over by the Chairman of the Central Committee, -Major General George W. Davis. At this meeting reports were read from -the Branches, the subject of the Christmas stamp was taken up and an -interesting address on the Assistance of the Press was made by Mr. Leigh -Mitchell Hodges, of the Philadelphia <i>North American</i>. The revision of -the by-laws was informally discussed. The officers, incorporators and -branch delegates were kindly entertained at luncheon by the First Assistant -Secretary of State and Mrs. Bacon.</p> - -<p>Hon. William H. Taft, President of the American Red Cross, presided -at the regular session in the afternoon. Besides the reports that are given -elsewhere the most important work of the session was the adoption with a -few minor changes of the revised by-laws as presented by the Central -Committee. The report of the officers and those on Red Cross work are -somewhat long so that the publication of the new by-laws will be given in -the April <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span>, but any one desiring a copy will receive one on application -to Red Cross Headquarters.</p> - -<p>Mr. Taft, greatly to the satisfaction of the Society, consented to be -re-elected President, and Mr. Robert W. De Forest, of New York, was -elected to the newly-created office of Vice-President. Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell -was appointed October 1st, National Director, and the other officers -were all re-elected. To fill four vacancies among the Charter Members, -John M. Glenn, Henry Stockbridge, Robert W. De Forest and Mrs. -Douglas Robinson were elected. The two new members of the Central -Committee elected were: Hon. H. Kirke Porter and Mr. John M. Glenn. -Mr. John C. Pegram and Miss Mabel T. Boardman were re-elected on this -Committee.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span></p> - -<p>As the new by-laws provided that those who have rendered specially -meritorious or distinguished service to the association and have been approved -for such distinction by two-thirds vote of the members present at -any annual meeting shall become honorary members, three names for this -honorary membership were proposed, President Roosevelt being at that -time the only honorary member of the Society. Those proposed were the -Honorable William H. Taft, who since the re-organization of the American -Red Cross has been its President and who has always, in spite of being a -very busy man, has given his time and assistance to the Red Cross to its -great advantage, was the first name proposed. Because of the work she -did during the Civil War in the Sanitary Commission, that precursor of -the Red Cross, and because of her generous aid in the way of a large contribution -to the Endowment Fund of the American Red Cross Mrs. Russell -Sage’s was the second name proposed. Dr. Louis Klopsch, Editor of the -<i>Christian Herald</i>, during the great famines in Japan and China, raised very -large funds for the purposes of relief, amounting to considerably over half -a million of dollars, besides collecting moneys for the purchase of food -supplies which were forwarded to China, and who sent these generous contributions -through the American Red Cross, was the third person proposed -for honorary membership in the American Red Cross. Mr. Taft on the -proposal of his name made the request that it be withdrawn, as he had -consented to stand for re-election as President of the Red Cross, and preferred -to consider himself still an active, rather than an honorary member. -At this request his name was withdrawn and Mrs. Sage and Dr. Klopsch -were unanimously elected honorary members of the American Red Cross.</p> - -<p>It was also unanimously voted to present special medals for the -rendering of important and unremunerated volunteer services to the Red -Cross to Dr. Edward T. Devine, Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell and Mr. F. W. -Dohrmann for their services at San Francisco, in 1906, and to Major C. A. -Devol, U. S. A., and to Major Wendell L. Simpson, U. S. A., for their -services at Hattiesburg, in 1908.</p> - -<p>In the evening a reception was given by Miss Boardman, at which the -members met the President of the Red Cross and Mrs. Taft.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="RED_CROSS_ENDOWMENT_FUND">RED CROSS ENDOWMENT FUND</h2> - -</div> - -<table class="financials"> - <tr> - <td>Balance on hand, December 1st, 1907</td> - <td class="tdr">$21,516.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Life memberships, 1908</td> - <td class="tdr">4,750.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Contributions to December 1st, 1908.</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Mrs. Russell Sage, contribution</td> - <td class="tdr">25,000.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Mr. F. A. Keep, contribution</td> - <td class="tdr">1,000.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Admiral Robley D. Evans</td> - <td class="tdr">400.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Miscellaneous</td> - <td class="tdr">120.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in4">Total December 1st, 1908</td> - <td class="tdr total">$52,786.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Contributions since December 1st, 1908.</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="in2">Mr. Joseph Rathborne</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 1,000.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>In connection with Admiral Evans’ generous contribution the following -letter from the Victor Talking Machine Company is of interest:</p> - -<p>“Admiral Evans has lately made for this Company a record of his -farewell address to the men of the United States Navy upon the occasion -of his leaving the fleet in San Francisco. We are sending to you in -Admiral Evans’ name, our check for $400, which he wished you to use for -the benefit of the Red Cross Society, in any way you may deem best.”</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="RED_CROSS_FIRST-AID_TEXT-BOOK">RED CROSS FIRST-AID TEXT-BOOK</h2> - -<p class="author">BY WILLIAM E. CURTIS</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The Red Cross Society is becoming more and more practical, and is -getting closer and closer to the everyday life of the people. In the -past it has been distinguished by affording relief in times of great -calamities, famines, epidemics, floods, fires and plagues, but, as the organization -spreads throughout the country and becomes localized its merciful -missions reach the thresholds of the schoolhouse and the home. It -is now circulating a little pocket edition of “The American National Red -Cross Text Book; a Manual of Instruction; How to Prevent Accidents, -and What to Do for Injuries and Emergencies.” It was prepared by -Major Charles Lynch of the medical corps of the United States Army, -who distinguished himself as medical attache with the Japanese Army -during the late war with Russia and has recently been detailed to make -a special study of possibilities of Red Cross aid to armies in time of war.</p> - -<p>The book is published for the Red Cross Society, and is being circulated -from the headquarters in the War Department with the hearty -indorsement of Judge Taft, who was president of the Red Cross Society -long before he was elected President of the United States. Brigadier General -R. M. O’Reilly, surgeon general of the United States Army, writes -the preface, in which he explains the necessity and the usefulness of the -booklet, which, he says, “will serve to fill a place of its own in the ever-increasing -movement for the relief of human suffering.”</p> - -<p>“Notwithstanding the many excellent works already in existence on -first aid instruction,” continues Surgeon General O’Reilly, “none of the -writers so far as I know, have given much thought to teaching the prevention -of accidents. While this subject is necessarily treated rather -briefly here, at least enough is said to call attention to the importance of -prevention as contrasted with cure, and, for this reason, it seems to me -peculiarly appropriate that this book should have the indorsement of the -Red Cross, as the beneficent mission of that association, like that of the -good physician in treating disease, should be to go deeply into causes -which are responsible for the physical sufferings of humanity, rather than -resort solely to palliative measures.</p> - -<p>“Another novelty in the present manual is that it treats not only of -first aid as given by the individual but also of relief columns, bodies designed -to administer first aid as organizations. Army conditions emphasize -the necessity for the creation of organizations in order that first -aid may be given with maximum efficiency. And there are many situations -in civil life, such as vast concourses of people, great fires, railroad -disasters, which equally demand first aid organizations instead of individuals, -who, however well taught they may be, must, under such -circumstances, work at cross purposes, unless they are united into a disciplined -body in which the special duties of each are carefully defined.”</p> - -<p>Gen. O’Reilly might have added something about the importance of -the little book for the household, for it seems to contain directions for -every possible accident that may occur to human creatures from concussion -of the brain to chilblains. There ought to be a copy on every farm -and ranch, in every factory and workshop, on every football field and in -every gymnasium. There ought to be a copy in every automobile. Every -railway conductor and brakeman should be required to carry it in his -pocket, for it tells him what to do in every kind of accident. Organizations<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -seek such books for the instruction and guidance of their members, -but they must be brought to the attention of households, where, I think, -this will be most useful in preventing as well as relieving the little accidents -that occur daily and the little afflictions that children and grown -people suffer. These are often thought to be so insignificant that no attention -is paid to them, like mosquito bites, stings of insects, injuries to -the eyes, poisons from ivy, burns and scalds, wounds from fish hooks or -shotguns, and Dr. Lynch has explained what to do under every circumstance -and condition.</p> - -<p>The Red Cross book should be used as a text-book in schools, for it -is full of practical physiology, and children can be trained to render effective -first aid to each other. The ordinary text-books on physiology are -doubtless full of important information, but as a rule they are too theoretical -to be applied to ordinary everyday accidents.</p> - -<p>A copy of Dr. Lynch’s book has been placed by the District Red Cross -Society in every police station and engine-house in Washington. The -Cleveland society has done the same, and it would seem that every city in -the country might follow these examples with profit. The Red Cross relief -column at the time of the inauguration will be supplied with copies. The -book is compact and small, with flexible covers, so that it can be carried -in the pocket.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="FIRST_AID_INSTRUCTIONS_TO_MERCHANT_MARINE">FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS TO MERCHANT MARINE</h2> - -<p class="author">BY FIRST LIEUTENANT C. H. RICHARDSON, M. R. C. & U. S. A.</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">Section 118 of the latest edition of the U. S. Navigation Laws, enacted -June 7th, 1872, amended by Revised statute 4569 of June 26th, -1884, and June 19th, 1896, reads as follows:</p> - -<p>“Every vessel belonging to a citizen of the United States bound from -a port in the United States to any foreign port, or being of the burden of -seventy-five tons or upwards, and bound from a port of the Atlantic to a -port on the Pacific, or vice versa, shall be provided with a chest of -medicines.” ... The rest of the section relates to the use of lime or -lemon juice.</p> - -<p>No mention, it will be seen, is made of what this “medicine chest” shall -contain nor whether there shall be any one on board capable of using its -contents.</p> - -<p>Naturally there could be no uniformity in the equipment of these -chests for the law, not being explicit, left the matter entirely to the ship -owners who could use their judgment as to the requirements of their own -vessels.</p> - -<p>Besides, in questioning several sea-going officers, I find that there is -no book on First Aid which is generally accepted as being a necessary -part of the chest’s contents. Many of them have only a book published in -1877, called “Ritter’s Manual,” the first edition of which was issued some -forty years before. The U. S. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service -published an excellent book in 1900, called the “Hand Book for the Ship’s -Medicine Chest,” but there is no law requiring its adoption by ship’s -owners and it is, judging from the opinions expressed by several men with -whom I spoke on the subject, considered too technical for the average ship -officers.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span></p> - -<p>Many of the vessels sailing out of San Francisco provide themselves -with chests arranged by a prominent druggist of this city, and they contain -a small book, which he has published; it is to be expected that the special -preparations which he supplies are particularly dwelt upon.</p> - -<p>While considering the subject, especially in regards to the needs of a -proper book on First Aid, I was impressed with the fact that whatever -book was adopted would be of service only to the degree that its contents -were understood and appreciated by those using it.</p> - -<p>I therefore called upon the Secretaries of the “Masters, Mates and -Pilots Association” and the “Sailors Union,” of this city, and presented to -them for the consideration of their respective organizations, a plan whereby -a regular course of lectures bearing on First Aid and kindred subjects -should be given weekly to their members.</p> - -<p>These gentlemen received me very cordially and I can best express -their opinions by submitting the letters they sent me which are quoted -in full:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right">California Harbor, No. 15, San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 17th, 1908.</p> - -<p class="noindent">Lt. G. H. Richardson, -M. R. C., U. S. Army, -Post Hospital, Presidio.</p> - -<p class="noindent">Dear Doctor:</p> - -<p>After your talk last evening to the members of California Harbor, No. -15, it was decided to at once begin the course of lectures on First Aid as -suggested by you. It seems a good idea that the National Red Cross -should take up this matter for it will insure uniformity of instruction to -those interested all over this country.</p> - -<p>The need of such a course of instruction has been apparent for some -time, but no one seemed to be able to devise a plan which was practical.</p> - -<p>If convenient to you, would like to have the first lecture on Thursday -evening, December 3rd, 1908, at 7:30 p. m., at our lodge rooms.</p> - -<p>I shall communicate with Golden Gate Harbor, No. 40, of this city, -and invite them to be present.</p> - -<p>Thanking you for your kind interest in us and wishing you success in -your work, I am.</p> - -<p class="center">Respectfully,</p> - -<p class="right">(Signed) J. WALTER JOHNSON,<br /> -Secretary.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right">Sailors Union of the Pacific, San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 17th, 1908.</p> - -<p class="noindent">Dr. G. H. Richardson, -Lieutenant U. S. A., -Presidio Hospital, City.</p> - -<p class="noindent">Dear Sir:</p> - -<p>The kind offer of the California State Branch, of the American National -Red Cross Society, made through you, to arrange for a course of lectures -to members of this organization on First Aid to Injured, etc., has been -submitted to the Union, which accepts same, with thanks; has placed its hall -at your disposal any night of the week, excepting Mondays, and has -pledged itself to co-operate with you in any way it can, particularly in the -matter of securing large and regular attendance at the lectures.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span></p> - -<p>If knowledge on the subjects to be discussed is desirable in people on -shore, I should say it is a necessity to the men who go to sea. Seamen -have had to endure untold suffering, and many of them have lost their -lives, or worse still, have become disabled for life, owing to ignorance of -the very first principles of First Aid. By law the vessels are required to -carry a medicine chest, but in the majority of cases not a single man in the -ship’s company knows anything about the properties of the medicine.</p> - -<p>The proposed lectures will be a blessing to the sea-faring men.</p> - -<p>If you will kindly let me know in advance when you propose to open -the course, I shall do what I can to advertise it.</p> - -<p class="center">Respectfully,</p> - -<p class="right">(Signed) E. ELLISON,<br /> -Secretary.</p> - -</div> - -<p>It seems to me that the national character of the American National -Red Cross makes it pre-eminently the best organization for doing this -work and to establish it in all cities where a Merchant Marine exists.</p> - -<p>These lectures have been arranged for and the first of the series will -be given on December 3rd, 1908.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_RED_CROSS_AND_ESPERANTO">THE RED CROSS AND ESPERANTO</h2> - -<p class="author">BY MAJOR P. F. STRAUB, U. S. A.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">Medical Corps</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>Major Straub was the official delegate of the War Department at the -Esperanto Congress held at Dresden, Germany, in August last. The following -extract is taken from his report to the Adjutant-General, U. S. A.:</i>—<span class="smcap">Editor.</span></p> - -<p class="dropcap">From a military point of view, the most important application of Esperanto -at this time would appear to be in the sanitary service, and I -am of the opinion that the Government would be justified in giving it -official countenance. It is suggested that a beginning be made by introducing -it into the National Red Cross Association, where at first it might -be added as an elective study in the course of instruction for the Red Cross -columns that are now being organized, and it would appear that a two-fold -purpose would be served thereby, in that, the language might become -of great practical use in time of war and that it would help to hold the -columns together by an additional bond of mutual interest. The officers -of the European Red Cross organizations, especially those of France and -Germany, have taken an active interest in the propaganda, and many high -officials of their organizations were present at the congress. An exhibition -was also given by a Dresden Red Cross column, in which all of the -exercises were conducted in Esperanto.</p> - -<p>Many efforts have been made in former years to introduce a series of -manuals for the sanitary personnel of the military establishments to facilitate -communication with sick and wounded prisoners of war, but such -efforts were unsuccessful, largely on account of the difficulty of learning -the proper pronunciation of foreign tongues. This objection cannot apply -to Esperanto, as there is no difficulty whatever in this respect, and it is -quite easy to understand it whether spoken by Russian, German, Turk, -Japanese, or American. Lieutenant Bayol, an officer of the French army, -has prepared a set of small pamphlets which give the questions that would -be asked by the nurse and patient and their appropriate answers, in French,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span> -German, Italian or English, and in a parallel column the corresponding -Esperanto.</p> - -<p>Recommendation: In view of the extensive use already made of -Esperanto in foreign Red Cross organization, it is recommended that it -be brought to the attention of our National Red Cross organization, so -that it may be included as an elective study in the course of instruction for -Red Cross columns.</p> - -<p>Second Indorsement. War Department, Office of the Surgeon General, -Oct. 24, 1908. Respectfully returned to The Adjutant General of the -Army. The study of Esperanto in the military service should be encouraged -as it is believed that the proposed international language is -destined to play an important role in international intercourse. It is recommended -that the attention of the American National Red Cross Association -be called to the subject, and that authority be given to furnish it a -copy of this report.</p> - -<p class="right">R. M. O’REILLY, Surgeon General, U. S. A.</p> - -<p>Fourth Indorsement. War Department, The Adjutant-General’s -Office, Washington, November 17, 1908. Respectfully returned to the -Surgeon-General, approved by the Secretary of War as recommended in -the second indorsement. The return of this paper is desired. By order -of the Secretary of War.</p> - -<p class="right">HENRY P. McCAIN, Adjutant-General.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="NOTES">NOTES</h2> - -</div> - -<h3>EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.</h3> - -<p>On Saturday, December 12th, there was a telegraphic report that a -hundred men had been killed by a dynamite explosion at Panama. Mr. -Taft, being at that time in Washington, on his suggestion an inquiry as -to the need of assistance was sent to Colonel Goethals. Fortunately the -report was exaggerated and as will be seen by the following dispatches, -aid was not required.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="noindent">Col. Goethals, -Chairman Panama Canal Commission, -Panama.</p> - -<p>Deeply concerned to hear of accident. The Red Cross Society expresses -much sympathy, and is prepared to furnish financial assistance for -relief if you deem it necessary. Answer.</p> - -<p class="right">TAFT.</p> - -</div> - -<p>To which Col. Goethals replied:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>We greatly appreciate your kind message and offer of the Red Cross -Society. No financial assistance necessary, and Commission hospitals fully -equipped to care for wounded.</p> - -<p class="right">GOETHALS.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Bailey, Banks & Biddle, of Philadelphia, who have provided the -insignia badge for Red Cross officers, have been asked to prepare a design -for special medals to be awarded to those persons who have rendered special -volunteer and unremunerated services to the Red Cross at times of war or -disaster.</p> - -<p>The Executive Committee are much indebted to the help that the -American Hospital Association has rendered to the American Red Cross<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span> -in its efforts to suppress the misuse of the Red Cross insignia by the passing -of resolutions against the use of this emblem by civil hospitals at the -annual convention held at Toronto, during last September. Dr. Babcock, -the Secretary, writes that the proceedings leading up to the adoption of -the resolutions will be published in the <i>Transactions</i> and also in <i>The -National Hospital Record</i>. So many hospitals have been using the Red -Cross on tags for sale on “Tag Day” that it is a satisfaction to report that -in San Francisco the officers of The Children’s Hospital, at the request of -the California Red Cross, consented not to use the Red Cross, but to substitute -in its place the Hospital or Green Cross on the tags and thereby -earned a rich and well-deserved harvest. The resolutions passed by the -American Hospital Association reads as follows:</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, by the terms of the Treaty of Geneva, 1864, and the revised -Treaty of Geneva, 1906, the emblem of the Greek Red Cross on a white -ground, and the words Red Cross or Geneva Cross, were adopted to -designate the personnel and material of the medical departments of the -military and naval forces and of the recognized volunteer aid societies in -time of war, for the humane purpose of rendering them immune from -attack or capture; and,</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the United States, as well as all other civilized powers, is a -signatory to said treaties; and,</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the use of the Red Cross insignia by hospitals, ambulances, -municipal health departments and commercial houses, as trade marks and -otherwise, has become so general in this country as to materially and seriously -impair the usefulness of the emblem for the purposes for which it was -created and adopted;</p> - -<p><i>Be it therefore Resolved</i>, That it is the sense of the American Hospital -Association that the use of the Geneva Red Cross in connection with -the hospitals and ambulances of the country, other than those of the -Army, Navy and Red Cross Society, should be discontinued and some other -insignia, to be known as the “Hospital Cross” adopted and substituted; and,</p> - -<p><i>Be it further Resolved</i>, That the adoption of this resolution be given -as wide publicity as practicable in the medical journals of the country.</p> - -<h3>CALIFORNIA.</h3> - -<p>At the annual meeting of the California Red Cross, resolutions of congratulations -on his election as President of the United States were passed -and telegraphed to the Hon. William H. Taft, President of the American -Red Cross. Dr. G. H. Richardson, of the Army Medical Service, spoke -of the purpose of organizing in the Branch Relief Columns or a California -Legion of these columns. He said in part:</p> - -<p>“Let us at all times be prepared for the work that the Red Cross must -do, either in time of war, or during the periods of peace. The purpose of the -Red Cross is more far reaching than the general public have any idea of, -and we must have a trained body of men in readiness at all times. We have -had wars, and they have found us only partly prepared. The disasters -throughout the country and the delays that have ensued would not have -occurred if we had had a trained force of men to take the field at once. -We should have our nurses where they can be reached at any moment, no -matter what the call for their services may be.</p> - -<p>“Let us have an instructed body which will be able to cope with anything -that may arise.”</p> - -<p>Report of formation of detachments of the Grand Legion of the Red -Cross in California. (Revised to Dec. 1st.)</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span></p> - -<p>The State Field Agent of the California Branch, working in connection -with Dr. W. S. Thorne, the Medical Director of the Legion, and assisted by -the Secretary of the Legion, has begun his official work of Legion formation. -Although the work has been begun without a Board of Administrative -Affairs that body will be formed immediately and what has been accomplished -submitted to its authority and approval. It is believed this -work will strengthen reflexly the California Branch, which has languished -somewhat for want of something to do.</p> - -<p>The work has been undertaken in the universal, international, and -creedless spirit of the Red Cross. The organizations already in line and -to whom lectures will be given the first week in December are the -Sailors Union, the Masters, Mates and Pilots, the Columbia Park Boy’s -Club, and the two (!) Chinese detachments of the Chinese Native Sons. -The detachments in process of formation are the California Grays, the -Young Men’s Hebrew Institute, the Telegraph Hill Neighborhood Association, -the First Unitarian Church young men and the Emporium, a large -department store. The League of the Cross, an efficient Roman Catholic -semi-military society, is also forming a detachment in place of its hospital -corps.</p> - -<p>The First Aid and Relief Column is popular with Jew and Gentile, -Buddhist and Confucian, Catholic and Protestant. Truly we have an International -Red Cross in miniature in San Francisco. It broadens and enlarges -one’s humanity to talk to them.</p> - -<p>At one time it is the bluff, dominating toiler of the sea, jealous of his -authority even over his medicine chest, which in inexperienced hands -ignorant of First Aid, is a dangerous expedient at best. Often not a single -man in the ship’s company knows the properties of the medicines. In England -every master, mate and second mate must pass in First Aid before -he gets his license.</p> - -<p>At another it is the Chinese Native Son’s silent, dignified, slow to -smile, yet courteous, listening to the interpreter with unfathomable receptivity.</p> - -<p>Again the Japanese, restless, inquiring, keen, proud of Nippon, eager, -even greedy to learn.</p> - -<p>Then the Jewish young man, reliable, loyal to liberty, patriotic as the -Spanish-American war proved. The Labor Unions are interested, and we -believe the idea will prove rational in the Police and Fire Department and -public schools.</p> - -<p>Much educational propaganda is needed. There is much potential -sympathy which needs only to be cultivated. The Legion will naturally in -time become interested in great health movements through its lectures and -by its co-ordinated strength really become a force for national health.</p> - -<p class="center">Respectfully submitted,</p> - -<p class="right">WM. LATHROP McCLURE,<br /> -Secretary Grand Legion of Red Cross, California Branch.</p> - -<h3>DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.</h3> - -<p>At the annual meeting of the District Branch, Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell, -the National Director, spoke on the Michigan Forest Fire Relief, and Dr. -P. G. Smith on the Washington Red Cross Day Camp. An appropriation -was voted to provide a copy of the Red Cross Text Book on First Aid to -each fire and police station in the city of Washington. Plans were discussed -in regard to the organizing and training of Red Cross Relief Column<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span> -of young men, who at the time of public functions will go on active duty. -This column would at the time of the Inauguration be supplemented by -relief stations with Red Cross doctors and nurses in attendance. During -the year the District Branch had raised funds and supplies for several -disaster reliefs. It also provided courses in First Aid for men and in -Home Nursing for women. It built and maintained a Red Cross Day -Camp for Consumptives.</p> - -<p>A box of magazines was sent to Fort Shafter, Honolulu and the following -letter was received in acknowledgment of the same:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>“I take pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of a box of magazines, -weighing 186 pounds, and beg to assure you that the reading matter is very -much appreciated and will be used for the benefit of the sick. Thanking -you, I am very respectfully,</p> - -<p class="right">“RICHARD A. WOOD,<br /> -“Sergeant First-Class, Hospital Corps.”</p> - -</div> - -<p>The same officers were re-elected except the Treasurer, Mr. H. S. Reeside, -being elected for this position. Mr. Arnold Hague, Mrs. J. Ellen -Foster and General Henry G. Sharpe were elected delegates to the national -meeting.</p> - -<p>The District Branch continues to send monthly to various army posts and -stations large quantities of magazines and other periodicals.</p> - -<h3>KANSAS.</h3> - -<p>During the year the Kansas Branch reached a membership of 104, this -membership being largely in Topeka.</p> - -<p>At the time of the State fair and Regular Army encampment, immediately -following, the Branch maintained a hospital relief tent at the -fair grounds in charge of Mr. Kilmaurs W. King; second Vice-President; -Christ’s Hospital generously provided the tent; also the physicians, Doctors -Kiene and Bowen, who made daily visits and the nurses who interchanged -regularly and furnished much of the equipment. About fifty cases were -taken care of in this Red Cross Emergency Hospital.</p> - -<p>The Branch has also undertaken to assist in the crusade against tuberculosis. -The following State officers were elected November 21st.: President, -Governor E. W. Hoch; Vice-Presidents, P. H. Coney, K. W. King, -Rev. Dr. C. M. Sheldon; Secretary, Mrs. B. B. Smyth; Treasurer, John R. -Mulvane; Delegates to the National Meeting, Hon. D. R. Anthony and -Hon. Charles F. Scott</p> - -<h3>MASSACHUSETTS.</h3> - -<p>At the annual meeting of the Massachusetts Branch, the following -officers were elected: President, Dr. Herbert L. Burrell; Vice-Presidents, -Hon. W. Murray Crane, Dr. Henry P. Walcott, Hon. Charles C. Washburn, -Justice W. C. Loring, Dr. Arthur T. Cabot and Dr. J. F. A. Adams; -Executive Committee, Lieutenant Governor Eben S. Draper, Most Rev. W. -H. O’Connell, Dr. Alfreda B. Withington, Gardiner M. Lane, Katherine P. -Loring; Treasurer, Gardiner M. Lane; Secretary, Katherine P. Loring; -Directors, Mrs. Zenas Crane, General Francis H. Appleton, Dr. Homer -Gage, George D. Pratt, Dr. Cheever, Richard Saltonstall; Delegates to the -National Convention in Washington, Miss Amy Alexander, Mrs. W. Murray -Crane.</p> - -<p>The Stamp Committee, under the chairmanship of Mr. Walter E. -Kreusi, has done very active work. The Berkshire and Hampton County -Divisions have both interested themselves in the sale of the stamp for their<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span> -local tuberculosis work. The latter Division at its annual meeting elected -the following officers: President, George Dwight Pratt; Vice-Presidents, -Richard Hooker, Miss Harriet Bacon, of Longmeadow, and Mrs. Charles -Blaisdell, of Chicopee; Treasurer, Ralph P. Alden; Secretary, Miss Amy B. -Alexander.</p> - -<p>At the same meeting the Division voted to make an appropriation from -its local treasury of $50 towards the salary of a visiting nurse for tuberculosis -cases.</p> - -<h3>OHIO.</h3> - -<p>The Cleveland Division, by far the most active in the State, at its -annual meeting appointed a most active and capable stamp committee of -which Mr. R. L. Ireland was chairman, and a First Aid Instruction Committee -of which Dr. Crile is chairman for the providing of First Aid -Courses to the police of the city. The Division ordered a number of the -First Aid Text Books for the use of these classes.</p> - -<h3>RHODE ISLAND.</h3> - -<p>At the annual meeting of the Rhode Island Branch the following -officers were elected: President, John C. Pegram; Vice-President, Bishop -William N. McVickar; Secretary, Prof. George Grafton Wilson; Treasurer, -Edward Aborn Greene; Executive Committee, President John C. Pegram -and Governor-elect Aram J. Pothier as ex-officio members, and Dr. J. M. -Peters, Dr. G. Alder Blumer and William P. Sheffield; Delegates to National -Red Cross, Senator George Peabody Wetmore and President John C. -Pegram; Alternates, Congressmen Adin B. Capron and D. L. D. Granger.</p> - -<p>In a portion of his address the President, Mr. Pegram, said:</p> - -<p>“The obduracy of this generous American people to the appeals of this -national and international charity for substantial, for adequate support, is -incomprehensible. The merits of the plan under the immediate supervision -of the War Department are so plain, the means of acquiring membership -and thus helping the cause are so easy (any man, woman or child in -America may become an annual member by the payment of one dollar -yearly) that it seems incredible that a people who in one small city in one -day—‘Tag Day’—should contribute between $16,000 and $17,000 to a local -charity, should not long ago have enrolled themselves universally throughout -the country as members of this noble institution. I cannot but believe -that the day must soon come when it will seem as natural to pay the small -annual due of the Red Cross as to pay a poll or a registry tax to qualify a -voter—God speed that day.”</p> - -<h3>SOUTH CAROLINA.</h3> - -<p>The South Carolina Branch held its annual meeting on November -25th at which its president, Mr. A. C. Kaufman, read an interesting report -on the work for the relief of the flood sufferers, which report is given elsewhere -in this <span class="smcap">Bulletin</span>.</p> - -<p>Mr. A. C. Kaufman was again chosen president of the South Carolina -Red Cross, Mr. John B. Reeves was elected treasurer, and Mr. A. W. -Litschgi was elected secretary to succeed Mr. George Hoyt Smith, resigned. -The following is the executive committee, which was yesterday elected: -Henry P. Archer, Charleston; John F. Bennett, Charleston; the Rev. A. J. S. -Thomas, D. D., Greenville; Julius D. Koster, A. W. Litschgi, Charleston; -B. M. Lebby, M. D. Sumter.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span></p> - -<p>The delegates elected to the annual meeting of the National Red Cross -are: Governor M. F. Ansel, Capt. Henry Buist, Jr., and Col. G. G. Greenough, -U. S. A.</p> - -<h3>TEXAS.</h3> - -<p>Miss Nellie Chapman and Miss Annie Swinskey, enrolled Red Cross -nurses, have taken an active part in the Texas Branch Red Cross work ever -since this Branch was organized. They are both most popular and efficient -nurses, receiving calls from the doctors all over the State to take charge of -difficult cases, but busy as both of these nurses are, they are both so loyal -to the Texas Branch that unselfishly, for it means a large pecuniary loss, -they have always been ready and willing to work actively for the good of -humanity and the upbuilding of the Red Cross whenever needed. They -again had charge of the Red Cross Emergency Hospital during the State -fair in October. This hospital was thoroughly equipped with the latest -surgical appliances, wards for men and women and reception and rest room. -The Red Cross during these fairs has been a popular feature, and all of the -leading doctors take great pride in it and willingly give their services when -required.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp80" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/illus23.jpg" alt="" /> - <p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Miss Annie Swinskey, Miss Nellie Chapman, -In Charge of Red Cross Hospital at Texas State Fair.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span></p> - -<h3>ARGENTINE.</h3> - -<p>The Argentine Red Cross, though only lately organized, shows in its -report of funds and value of property some $36,000. The Society receives -from Congress an appropriation of $40 a month, and this will probably be -increased. One of the members of its Central Committee belongs to the -Senate and another is President of the House of Representatives, and both -have shown much interest in the Society. A committee of women has -been created whose duty it is to instruct the public in simple hygenic laws.</p> - -<h3>CANADA.</h3> - -<p>The Secretary of the American Red Cross received lately the following -letter:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right">Toronto, October, 26th, 1908.</p> - -<p class="noindent">Dear Sir:</p> - -<p>As the Council of the Canadian Red Cross Society is considering the -matter of reorganizing, I would thank you very much if you would kindly -furnish us with about twenty copies of the Constitution of your Society in -order that I may send one to each of the members of the Council, as personally -I feel that the Canadian Society should be run upon lines somewhat -similar to our sister Society in the United States. I would also -thank you if you would kindly send me a set of the <span class="smcap">Bulletins</span> that I may -have them bound and kept on file in this office. Thanking you in anticipation -of an early and favorable reply, believe me,</p> - -<p class="center">Yours very sincerely,</p> - -<p class="right">CHAS. A. HODGETH, M. D., Major A. M. C.<br /> -Honorary President of the Canadian Red Cross Society.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The desired literature was promptly and gladly sent. The American -Red Cross feels naturally a strong bond of sympathy with that of the -Society of so close a neighbor as Canada.</p> - -<h3>FRANCE.</h3> - -<p>In recognition of the services of M. De Valence, representative of the -French Red Cross in Morocco, the President of the French Republic has -conferred upon him the cross of Knight of the Legion of Honor. The -Society has granted diplomas to 3,294 women, who have received instructions -in nursing at its dispensary schools. At the Chateau of Amboise, -now the Hospital of Enghien and Orleans, fifteen beds for convalescent -soldiers and sailors have been placed at the disposition of the Society by -the Duke de Chartres.</p> - -<h3>GERMANY.</h3> - -<p>The first International Life Saving Congress was held at Frankfort, -Germany, in June, 1908. The Red Cross department was devoted to reports, -practical demonstrations of life saving by its Relief Columns. These -columns in Germany have a trained membership of 53,300 men, who during -1907 rendered first aid in 91,701 cases.</p> - -<h3>GREAT BRITAIN.</h3> - -<p>The British Red Cross has devoted much time to the forming of committees -whose duty it is to arrange for the creation of temporary hospitals -in time of war.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span></p> - -<h3>ITALY.</h3> - -<p>The funds and value of the Italian Red Cross Society amount to over -a million and a half dollars. The active personnel of the Society is permitted -to take part in the regular army manoeuvres.</p> - -<h3>JAPAN.</h3> - -<p>In a letter lately received from Baron Ozawa, Vice-President of the -Japanese Red Cross, he says:</p> - -<p>“Ever since my return to Japan, our institute has been trying to enlarge -its scope by establishing the Red Cross Hospitals in the Empire, -which today number ten altogether. In fact, my idea is to encourage our -members, numbering to this date over 1,400,000, to render their service in -time of peace for all kinds of charity work.”</p> - -<p>During the late war the Russian Red Cross dispensed nearly seventeen -million dollars and at the end was left with a war reserve fund of some six -million dollars. The Society provided hospital ships and trains, reserve -and field hospital besides a large personnel and great quantities of supplies.</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN RED CROSS BULLETIN (VOL. IV, NO. 1) ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. 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